identifier taxonID type format CVterm title description CreateDate modified language audience UsageTerms rights Owner accessURI thumbnailURL 213-Cyclicity 213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to mid July. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 213-Distribution 213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs across most of Canada, north to Alaska and south in the mountains to Arizona. This species was described from Europe, and also inhabits much of Eurasia." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 213-GeneralDescription 213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The extent of the black markings on the forewing and hindwing is variable, but this species is unmistakable. Mountain populations generally have some white on the hindwing, while boreal and parkland populations tend to lack white hindwing markings." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 213-Habitat 213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open habitats in moist wooded areas, up to treeline. Rare in the aspen parkland." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 213-LifeCycle 213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is diurnal, and is not attracted to light." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 213-TrophicStrategy 213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy A generalist on low-growing herbaceous plants. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 214-ConservationStatus 214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status It is a local and an uncommon species. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 214-Cyclicity 214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June to July, peaking in early to mid July." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 214-Distribution 214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Quebec, south to Calgary, Alberta along the Rocky Mountain foothills. Also occurs in Eurasia." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 214-GeneralDescription 214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Superficially resembles a geometrid, but note the ""smudged"" appearance, and lack of any sharply defined markings on the forewing." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 214-Habitat 214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found only in black spruce bogs. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 214-LifeCycle 214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Crepuscular, but is also attracted to ultraviolet and mercury vapour lights." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1-ConservationStatus 1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Considered a pest in much of its range. Rare in Alberta. 3/13/00 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1-Cyclicity 1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 3/13/00 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1-Distribution 1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "These beetles are found through the Pacific Northwest, from southern B.C. southward through the Rocky mountains to Mexico. A few specimens have been taken in Manitoba." 3/13/00 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1-GeneralDescription 1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is easily recognised from all other Alberta species of Buprestis, by the presence of 5 elytral costae, brilliant blue to green colour with cupreous margins of the elytra. Similar species are B. sulcicollis (LeConte) and B. striata (Fabr.). Adults range in size from 13 to 22 mm." 3/13/00 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1-Habitat 1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests with injured or dying trees and around logging operations and saw mills. 3/13/00 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1-LifeCycle 1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are readily attracted to injured trees, fresh stumps, and blow down. They have even been observed on fresh sawn lumber. These beetles are considered pests in much of their range. Adults may lay eggs in cracks near injuries, cut edges of lumber etc. The larvae hatch, then mine under the bark or through the wood, causing mechanical injury and defects especially in Douglas Fir and Ponderosa Pine. Damage consists of mines and exit holes in the wood. Typically the larvae and emerge as adults in 2 to 4 years from the wood. Under conditions of stress the cycle may be prolonged to well over 40 years. There are many documented cases of beetles emerging from within buildings from a wide variety of locations, including hand rails, doors, kitchen shelving, baseboards and various structural timbers. Beetles have shown up in Europe, emerging from lumber and shipping crates." 3/13/00 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1-TrophicStrategy 1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Known to bred in a wide variety of Pines, including limber and lodgepole, Douglas Fir, grand fir, and western red cedar." 3/13/00 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2-ConservationStatus 2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare, uncommon" 3/13/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2-Cyclicity 2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Inadequate information, expected activity of adults late June through July." 3/13/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2-Distribution 2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Wide spread from Quebec, the Great Lakes and Atlantic States, just getting into north eastern Alberta and adjacent North West Territories." 3/13/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2-GeneralDescription 2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The dorsal surface is dull copper to brown or green. The 4 elevated elytral costa are more shining. Elytra and venter lack pale spots. These characters separates B. sulcicollis from all other Alberta species of Buprestis. Adult length is 11 to 15.5 mm. 3/13/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2-Habitat 2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Northern conifer forests. 3/13/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2-LifeCycle 2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very little is know about this species 3/13/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2-TrophicStrategy 2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In east, the beetles have been recorded from several pines. In Alberta it is suspected to use Jack Pine." 3/13/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3-ConservationStatus 3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common in Alberta. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3-Cyclicity 3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "These beetles have been collected in May and June, and are also expected in July through September." 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3-Distribution 3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species covers most of Canada and the United States. This species is found throughout Alberta with the exception of the far north and western Rockies. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3-GeneralDescription 3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is similar to Cicindela repanda . However, it is more closely related to C. oregona and hybridizes with it in a realtively wide zone along the Rocky Mountain Foothills of Alberta. Populations of C. duodecimguttata occur east of the foothills and populations of C. oregona to the west along mountain valleys. Hybrid populations have markings intermediate to those of C. oregona and C. duodecimguttata. The humeral lunule may be narrowly broken or expressed as a spot and the marginal line is of variable length." 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3-Habitat 3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat These beetles live close to pond and stream margins. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3-LifeCycle 3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Members of this species have a two year life cycle, with the third instar larva passing through the first winter and the adult the second. Adults and larvae winter in burrows near the stream or pond margin." 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3-TrophicStrategy 3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4-ConservationStatus 4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This subspecies is moderately common in Alberta. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4-Cyclicity 4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity These beetles have been collected from May through July. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4-Distribution 4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This subspecies is found on the central plains on either side of the Canada-U.S. border. These beetles are found in the southern half of Alberta. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4-GeneralDescription 4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Individuals of Cicindela limbata nympha are distinguished by the pale elytra with reduced dark markings. The marginal band is expanded to cover most of the elytra leaving a narrow dark band down the center. A brown band identifies the subspecies C. l. nympha, a green band C. l. limbata. Specimens of C. l. hyperborea do not look like those of the southern subspecies. Markings are typical tiger beetle design with a brown elytral color. The greatly thickened elytral bands distinguish members of this subspecies from those of all other Maritima group species found in Alberta." 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4-Habitat 4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat These beetles occur on prairie sandy dunes or blowouts which are sparsely vegetated. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4-LifeCycle 4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Cicindela limbata nympha has a three year life cycle in Manitoba; not known for Alberta. Adults are known to winter in loose sand. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4-TrophicStrategy 4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 270-ConservationStatus 270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Fairly widespread and locally common. No conservation concerns. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 270-Cyclicity 270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May-July depending on elevation (whenever the host Antennaria is in late bud to bloom). 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 270-Distribution 270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Nova Scotia and New England west across southern Canada to southern Vancouver Island, north to Yukon and south in the mountains to California and Colorado, and from almost sea-level to over 3000 m. elevation. In Alberta, found throughout the grasslands and Aspen parklands region, as well as in the mountains." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 270-GeneralDescription 270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A very small (1.8-2.0 cm. wingspan ) moth with red-brown or maroon, grey and white forewing and a black hindwing with 2 large creamy white spots. The fringe is white except near the forewing apex, and against a pale background this gives the forewing a pointed look. The ventral surface is mainly cream-colored, with black and bright rose patches. Similar to Schinia persimilis, but nexilis has 2 and persimilis 3 pale spots on the hindwing, and persimilis lacks the pink on the ventral surface that is so prominent in nexilis. Schinia vernilis, which has been taken with nexilis, also lacks pink on the ventral surface. Some specimens from the mountains are almost entirely black and white dorsally, with reduced pale spots. Schinia honesta, another black and white mountain species, is larger and also lacks pink on the ventral surface." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 270-Habitat 270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open xeric prairie meadows, pastures and hillsides where Pussytoes (Antennaria) are present." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 270-LifeCycle 270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The White-spotted Midget is strictly diurnal. It is rarely encountered except by searching patches of the foodplant when it is in flower or bud. The moths have a fast, buzzing flight and resemble bees more than moths. The colorful underside of the wings greatly resembles the buds in some species of the host plants. Eggs are laid in the flowers or flower buds, with the larvae feeding on the flowering parts." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 270-TrophicStrategy 270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Flowers and developing seeds of Pussytoes (Antennaria sp.). In Alberta it is found associated with a number of species of Antennaria. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 271-ConservationStatus 271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status None. Elsewhere a major agricultural pest. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 271-Cyclicity 271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in late August - September. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 271-Distribution 271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from Nova Scotia to BC, south to Argentina and Chile. In Alberta, recorded as an immigrant north to Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park in the Red Deer River valley." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 271-GeneralDescription 271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.5 cm. wingspan) olive-green (males) or olive-brown brown (females) moth. The orbicular is faint and round with a dark pupil, the reniform more prominent and darker. Normal lines are marked by a series of dark dots, and the forewing terminal area is lighter than the remainder of the wing. Hindwings are white with a discal crescent and a wide dark terminal band containing a small pale patch midway along the margin. The green color of the male fades in older museum specimens." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 271-Habitat 271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ubiquitous in open areas, esp. in croplands." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 271-LifeCycle 271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A very widespread pest species on a wide range of crops. Alberta lies at the northern edge of it's huge range, and there are only a handful of records from southern Alberta. It occurs in Alberta only as a fall immigrant from the south. Adults are mainly nocturnal and come to light. Like other members of the family, the larvae feed mainly on the buds, flowers and developing fruiting bodies of plants, including corn ears, tomatoes, and other vegetable crops." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 271-TrophicStrategy 271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere a vast number of wild and cultivated plants. As the common names imply, a pest on corn, tomatoes and cotton." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 273-ConservationStatus 273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Although rarely encountered, there is no reason to believe this moth is in any need of protection." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 273-Cyclicity 273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are on the wing in spring, May - June." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 273-Distribution 273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to Alberta, and south in the mountains to southwestern Montana. In Alberta it has been found in the mountains and foothills from Calgary south." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 273-GeneralDescription 273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.2-2.5 cm) diurnal moth. Forewing brown-black with a darker blackish basal area, a prominent dark reniform spot and a dark terminal margin. The hindwing is black with a wide creamy white central area." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 273-Habitat 273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open bogs, clearings and meadows in the boreal forest, foothills and mountain regions." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 273-LifeCycle 273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A small, apparently rare day-flying moth. Like other members of the genus, probably using the buds, flowers and seeds of a number of species of low plants as hosts. Adults have been reported nectaring (?) at flowers, including Vaccinium sp., bearberry and willow catkins." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 273-TrophicStrategy 273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "It has been reared on Cerastrium in captivity. Other reported hosts include Kalmia and Larch, but specimens in captivity refused Kalmia and Larch is an improbable host for a member of this genus. Like other members of the genus, larvae feed on the buds, flowers and seeds of the host." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 221-ConservationStatus 221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 221-Cyclicity 221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 221-Distribution 221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has a fairly limited distribution, occurring from southwestern Manitoba west to southern B.C., south to northern California. There is only one record for Manitoba, and there are currently no known Saskatchewan records." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 221-GeneralDescription 221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Brown Tiger looks more like a Phragmatobia than a Spilosoma in size and markings; however, there is no red colouration characteristic of Phragmatobia species." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 221-Habitat 221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in moist meadows of the boreal forest. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 221-LifeCycle 221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The extreme rarity of this species may indicate that it is a habitat specialist, possibly associated with peatlands and fens." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 221-TrophicStrategy 221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Several specimens in the Northern Forestry Centre collection were collected from and reared on fireweed. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 222-Cyclicity 222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 222-Distribution 222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs across most of the U.S. and southern Canada, although absent from central and western Alberta and south-eastern B.C." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 222-GeneralDescription 222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Hyphantrea cunea is very similar to Spilosoma congrua, which is usually immaculate or nearly immaculate. Spilosoma congrua has a more robust body and the forewing apex is less pointed." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 222-Habitat 222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Shrubby areas in the eastern and southern prairie ecoregion of Alberta. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 222-TrophicStrategy 222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "An extremely polyphagous species, recorded primarily from trees and shrubs." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 229-ConservationStatus 229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common species. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 229-Cyclicity 229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June and a partial second generation in mid August to early September. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 229-Distribution 229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A Great Basin species, distributed from southern Alberta and extreme south-eastern B.C. south to Mexico. Not known from Saskatchewan, although it almost certainly occurs in the western part of the province." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 229-GeneralDescription 229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The only similar species is Estigmene acrea, since female acrea have white hindwings. However, the black thorax markings of H. permaculata are unique." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 229-Habitat 229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs in short-grass prairie, occasionally occurring into the parkland region." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 229-TrophicStrategy 229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 274-ConservationStatus 274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status None. Occasional agricultural pest. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 274-Cyclicity 274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from late May through July. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 274-Distribution 274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily western, from south-central Manitoba west to BC, north to NWT and Yukon, and Alaska and south to Colorado. Also found in Eurasia." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 274-GeneralDescription 274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.4-2.6 cm. wingspan) moth with a pale brown forewing and black and white hindwing. The forewing has darker red-brown scaling at the base, a dark brown median band incorporating the large black reniform spot, a narrower dark brown subterminal band constricted in the middle and separated by a thin pale line from a slightly paler brown terminal band and a red-brown fringe. Hindwing is white with a large black discal cresent and a broad black terminal band containing an indistinct pale spot near the anal angle; fringe white. Separated from H. phloxiphagus by smaller size, brown rather than tan forewing color and the lack of fine spotting on the forewing. H. oregonicus is darker, has a broader dark median band and a large orbicular spot, frequently fused with the reniform and median band." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 274-Habitat 274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairie grassland, meadows, cropland, roadsides and clearings." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 274-LifeCycle 274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The flax bollworm feeds on a variety of low plants, but can also be a rather serious pest in cultivated flax crops. Like other members of the family, they feed on flower parts and the developing seeds, in the case of flax leaving an empty husk." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 274-TrophicStrategy 274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like most members of the genus, it will utilize a number of low plant species. Flax (Linum) is a favored host, and it can be a serious pest on cultivated flax ." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 275-ConservationStatus 275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 275-Cyclicity 275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from mid-June to mid-August. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 275-Distribution 275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western; from the Peace River area of Alberta south and west in the mountains to California and Arizona. There is also an apparently disjunct population in north central Quebec.\nIn Alberta found throughout the mountains, and east to Edmonton and into the Peace River District.\n" 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 275-GeneralDescription 275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather small moth (wingspans 2.4-3.0 cm). Forewing pale olive brown, mostly overlaid with a blackish olive brown scales. Basal area and a thick rounded basal streak dark reddish black. The orbicular and reniform large and prominent against the paler ground, frequently fused. A broad olive-black terminal band, with the subterminal and terminal areas separated by a thin, faint stripe. The hindwing is creamy white, with a large black discal mark and some dark scaling along the inner margin and basal areas, and a wide black terminal band with a small, indistinct pale patch near the anal angle. Superficially very similar to H. ononis, but darker and less contrasting. H. ononis also lacks the large dark orbicular spot present in oregonica. H. phloxiphaga is larger and much paler yellow-tan." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 275-Habitat 275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane meadows and prairie grasslands. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 275-LifeCycle 275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Oregon Gem is mainly a species of the mountains and foothills. The adults are diurnal. Like other members of the genus, they feed on a variety of low plants, eating the flowers and developing seeds." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 275-TrophicStrategy 275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Like most members of the genus, it is reported to utilize a number of low plant species. Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja) appears to be a favored host; Artemesia and Geranium have also been reported in the literature." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 66-ConservationStatus 66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This subspecies is moderately rare in Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 66-Distribution 66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over most of United States and Canada. This species is found in most of Alberta: athabascensis in the northeast; shelfordi in the southern third; and populations of uncertain status in the intervening area (not in the northwest). 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 66-GeneralDescription 66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of this species are distinguished from others of the Maritima group by the strongly ""C"" shaped humeral lunule on the elytra. In other aspects they are similar to members of Cicindela repanda. About half the members of athabascensis are blue or green." 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 66-Habitat 66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Light colored beach sands with little or no vegetation and on sand bars in large rivers. 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 66-LifeCycle 66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species appears to have late summer adults, which hibernate, and then mate the following spring." 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 66-TrophicStrategy 66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 67-ConservationStatus 67 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This subspecies is moderately common in Alberta, and is on the ANHIC watch list." 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 67-Cyclicity 67 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in June. 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 67-Distribution 67 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over most of United States and Canada. This species is found in most of Alberta: athabascensis in the northeast; shelfordi in the southern third; and populations of uncertain status in the intervening area (not in the northwest). 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 67-GeneralDescription 67 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of this species are distinguished from others of the Maritima group by the strongly ""C"" shaped humeral lunule on the elytra. In other aspects they are similar to members of Cicindela repanda. Members of shelfordi are always brown." 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 67-Habitat 67 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Light colored beach sands with little or no vegetation and on sand bars in large rivers. 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 67-LifeCycle 67 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species appears to have late summer adults, which hibernate, and then mate the following spring." 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 67-TrophicStrategy 67 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 1/18/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 215-ConservationStatus 215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Although widespread, this species is usually not common." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 215-Cyclicity 215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to mid July. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 215-Distribution 215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widespread across the U.S. and southern Canada. It is likely at its northern range limit in the southern boreal forest of Alberta. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 215-GeneralDescription 215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The amount of black on the forewing is somewhat variable, but this species is fairly distinct with its yellow ground colour and black markings. Females have a pink tinge to the hindwing, whereas males have a yellow hindwing." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 215-Habitat 215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species inhabits open parkland and prairie habitats. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 215-TrophicStrategy 215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Known to feed on a wide variety of plants, primarily herbs and forbs." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 216-ConservationStatus 216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 216-Cyclicity 216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to mid June. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 216-Distribution 216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widespread across the U.S. and southern Canada. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 216-GeneralDescription 216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The combination of the yellow hindwing and a white forewing in the males is unique. Females have white hindwings, and are somewhat similar to Hypercompe permaculata. Estigmene acrea females can however be distinguished by the white thorax and they are slightly larger in size." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 216-Habitat 216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in open wooded areas, meadows and prairie grassland." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 216-TrophicStrategy 216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feeds on a number of low-growing plants, and occasionally on deciduous trees and shrubs." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 217-ConservationStatus 217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is rare in Alberta. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 217-Cyclicity 217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The limited records available for this species suggest a flight period from early to mid June. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 217-Distribution 217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily a species of eastern North America, and at its western range edge in Alberta." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 217-GeneralDescription 217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Spilosoma congrua is usually immaculate or nearly immaculate. A black spot is sometimes visible in the median area of the forewing. It is distinguishable from other Spilosoma by the white abdomen and lack of wing markings. Spilosoma congrua is also similar to Hyphantrea cunea, but congrua has a more robust body and the forewing apex is less pointed." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 217-Habitat 217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found primarily in open jack pine woods. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 217-TrophicStrategy 217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Probably a variety of low-growing plants, although Handfield (1999) states this species has been found boring in mushrooms!" 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 218-Cyclicity 218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid May to mid June. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 218-Distribution 218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species if found from south-eastern Canada west to Alberta. An eastern species, which is absent from most of the western U.S." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 218-GeneralDescription 218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Although somewhat variable, the heavy wing maculation of this Spilosoma is diagnostic. The forewing spots run together, and a postmedial line is usually visible." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 218-Habitat 218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found primarily in the aspen parkland and southern boreal forest. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 218-TrophicStrategy 218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Prunus serotina (Handfield 1999). Other hosts are unknown. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 219-ConservationStatus 219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread and generally common. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 219-Cyclicity 219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flights occur from mid June to mid July. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 219-Distribution 219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout most of North America, north to the Athabasca Sand Dunes in northern Alberta." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 219-GeneralDescription 219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to Spilosoma congrua, but virginica has yellow on the abdomen, which is absent in S. congrua and S. dubia has more black markings on the forewing." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 219-Habitat 219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found throughout the aspen parkland and boreal forest 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 219-TrophicStrategy 219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A wide range of herbaceous plants, also occasionally on trees and shrubs." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 220-Cyclicity 220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 220-Distribution 220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern B.C. and southwestern Alberta south to California and Colorado. The only known Alberta populations occur in the Waterton-Crowsnest area, with one record from Lethbridge." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 220-GeneralDescription 220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is extremely variable, which can lead to some confusion. The wing colouration varies with respect to both ground colour (reddish brown to light ochre) and the extent of the dark markings; the forewing may have no dark markings or exhibit faint bands, and the hindwing can vary from entirely brown-grey (except for the fringe) to reduced,dark submarginal and discal spots. However, other Spilosoma are predominantly white; S. pteridis is brown, and markedly smaller." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 220-Habitat 220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open montane meadows and woodlands. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 220-TrophicStrategy 220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Probably herbaceous plants. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 68-ConservationStatus 68 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This subspecies is moderately common in Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 68-Cyclicity 68 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity These beetles have been collected from May through September. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 68-Distribution 68 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over most of United States and Canada. This species is found throughout Alberta with the exception of the far north and western Rockies. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 68-GeneralDescription 68 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of this subspecies resemble those of Cicindela duodecimguttata but are separated by the configuration of the marginal band. In C. repanda the marginal band is continuous or narrowly separated from the humeral lunule, whereas in C. duodecimguttata the band has a wide gap." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 68-Habitat 68 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Sand, gravel and clay soils with sparse vegetation adjacent to streams and rivers." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 68-LifeCycle 68 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This subspecies has a two year life cycle, with the third instar passing through the first winter, and the adult the second." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 68-TrophicStrategy 68 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 69-ConservationStatus 69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is relatively common in Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 69-Cyclicity 69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from April to October. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 69-Distribution 69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over the north central to eastern half of United States and most of Canada. This species is found in most of Alberta (excluding the northeast corner and most of the eastern part of the province). 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 69-GeneralDescription 69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elytral maculations of this species are similar to those of adult Cicindela decemnotata, and the two can be separated on the basis of the middle band. The reddish tinge and presence of a subhumeral spot on the elytra also serve as distinguishing features." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 69-Habitat 69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Bare clay banks of streams; adults prefer steep clay banks for breeding but can be found anywhere. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 69-LifeCycle 69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Members of this species have a two year life cycle and overwinter as adults. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 69-TrophicStrategy 69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 70-ConservationStatus 70 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This subspecies is moderately common in Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 70-Cyclicity 70 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in March, May and August, and are expected in April, June and July." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 70-Distribution 70 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over most of United States and Canada (extreme south). This subspecies is found in the southeastern third of Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 70-GeneralDescription 70 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of this subspecies come in two color forms, black or green. In Alberta most specimens lack the subhumeral spot, and this readily distinguishes them from adults of Cicindela splendida limbalis." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 70-Habitat 70 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Patches of bare clay soil interspersed with clumps of grass and other plants (prairie grasslands). 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 70-LifeCycle 70 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Members of this spring-fall species require at least two years for larval development and overwinter as adults. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 70-TrophicStrategy 70 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 71-ConservationStatus 71 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This subspecies is relatively rare in Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 71-Cyclicity 71 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity These beetles have been collected in May through July. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 71-Distribution 71 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over most of United States and Canada. The subspecies Cicindela t. borealis is only known from extreme northern Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 71-GeneralDescription 71 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The long, obliquely-directed, descending arm of the humeral lunule is a distinquishing character. Adults of Cicindela tranquebarica borealis can be recognized by a broken humeral lunule band or by the ends of the band narrowly joined in the middle. Adults of C. tranquebarica kirbyi have the elytral markings broad with a brozy-green ground color." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 71-Habitat 71 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alkaline mud flats, sandy blowouts, prairie grasslands, boreal forest trails." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 71-LifeCycle 71 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults overwinter. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 71-TrophicStrategy 71 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 72-ConservationStatus 72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This subspecies is relatively rare in Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 72-Cyclicity 72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "These beetles have been collected in May, June and August; also expected in July and September." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 72-Distribution 72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends from the central plains of United States and Canada to the west coast. This species is found in approximately the south two thirds of Alberta along the western margin. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 72-GeneralDescription 72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of this species are distinguished from those of related species by the presence of small groups of hairs in the inner margin of each eye. Elytral markings are similar to those of Cicindela duodecimguttata and C. repanda. Specimens collected in the southwest of the province are C. o. oregona X C. o. guttifera, and the more northern ones are C. o. guttifera." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 72-Habitat 72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Margins of streams and lakes on clay or sandy soils with little vegetation cover. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 72-LifeCycle 72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle None available. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 72-TrophicStrategy 72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 74-ConservationStatus 74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species is relatively rare in Alberta, and is on the ANHIC tracking list." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 74-Cyclicity 74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in May and July; also expected in June and August. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 74-Distribution 74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over the western half of United States and south-central Canada. This species is found only in the southeastern corner of Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 74-GeneralDescription 74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "These beetles resemble those of Cicindela cuprescens, a non resident species. Adults of C. nevadica are bronze with off-white elytral maculations. The humeral lunule is slightly recurved toward the base and body hairs are decumbent." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 74-Habitat 74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults prefer open areas with sparse vegetation; on alkaline soil along margin of rivers. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 74-LifeCycle 74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Members of this summer species overwinter as adults. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 74-TrophicStrategy 74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 75-ConservationStatus 75 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is relatively rare in Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 75-Cyclicity 75 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults of this species have been collected in May, July and August and are expected in June." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 75-Distribution 75 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends through central and eastern United States to southeastern and south central Canada. This species is found only in the southeastern corner of Alberta. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 75-GeneralDescription 75 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description These beetles differ from all other Alberta cicindelids in their heavy maculation pattern and greasy appearance. The humeral lunule touches or blends into the middle band. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 75-Habitat 75 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Alkaline soils along streams and coulees; adults found in areas devoid of vegetation. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 75-LifeCycle 75 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Members of this spring-fall species overwinter as adults, and is on the ANHIC watch list." 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 75-TrophicStrategy 75 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 1/18/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 267-ConservationStatus 267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No conservation concerns, although rarely common, this species is widespread throughout the province" 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 267-Cyclicity 267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are active from mid May to late June, with most records from the 2nd and 3rd week of June." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 267-Distribution 267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Hay River, N.W.T., south to Arizona, east to southwestern Manitoba." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 267-GeneralDescription 267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "In Alberta, this species is similar only to H. cecropia, from which it differs in being primarily a maroon colour, rather than black. H. cecropia also has a bright red band along the outer margin of the transverse white band, which is absent in H. gloveri. Royal Alberta Museum page" 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 267-Habitat 267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in shrubby areas of the prairies and open jack pine forests in the boreal region. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 267-LifeCycle 267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The overwintering cocoons of Glover's Silkmoth can sometimes be found attached to the stems of shrubs and small trees, usually on or near the larval host plant. Adult moths are attracted to light, but are generally not active until midnight or later. These moths are active on nights when ambient air temperature often drops below 5°C, which few other species tolerate." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 267-TrophicStrategy 267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Preferred larval hostplants in AB include Silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata), Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana) and willow (Salix spp.). Host plant choice depends on availability and habitat; in the boreal forest, larvae are found on Choke Cherry (D. Macaulay, pers. comm.). H. columbia columbia of eastern Canada feeds only on larch (Larix laricina), but H. gloveri rarely if ever uses this plant in nature. However, larvae do well on larch in captivity." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 268-ConservationStatus 268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status More survey work is needed to determine this species' status in the province. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 268-Cyclicity 268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single AB record is from mid-August. Dates from Montana suggest peak activity is in early August 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 268-Distribution 268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "There is only one record of this species for Alberta, from Dinosaur Provincial Park. It almost certainly occurs in the southeast corner of the province, because it is known from Govenlock, SK near the AB/SK border. Ranges from southern SK west to B.C., south to Arizona and New Mexico." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 268-GeneralDescription 268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large moth, easily recognized by the black pattern on the white background. The only other species similar to this in Alberta is H. eglanterina, which has a pink and yellow ground colour, not white." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 268-Habitat 268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Look for in the prairie region where sagebrush (Artemesia cana) is common. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 268-LifeCycle 268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Not known for AB; may have a two-year life cycle, overwintering first as an egg, then as a pupa. These moths are active during the day and are not attracted to light." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 268-TrophicStrategy 268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata, A. filifolia) in the southern U.S. Likely Artemisia cana in AB, as this is the only Sagebrush species found on the prairie." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 269-ConservationStatus 269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Colonies of this species are very localized, and are known from only a few localities in Canada." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 269-Cyclicity 269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Probably late August to late September. The only AB date is in early September. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 269-Distribution 269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern Alberta east to southwestern Manitoba, south to southwestern states." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 269-GeneralDescription 269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The black wings with the broad, white median band on both the fore- and hindwings, in combination with the tuft of reddish hair on the abdominal tip, make this striking moth unmistakable in Alberta." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 269-Habitat 269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Stabilized sand dunes with trembling aspen. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 269-LifeCycle 269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are deposited in bands on the twigs of the host plant or on plants near the hostplant, and likely overwinter." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 269-TrophicStrategy 269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A colony of larvae collected from Trembling Aspen near North Battleford, SK by the Forest Insect Survey were reared to maturity and are located in the Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 378-ConservationStatus 378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 378-Cyclicity 378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from the end of May to late July. Larvae from late June through early Sept. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 378-Distribution 378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental across the wooded portions of Canada, south to Florida and California. In Alberta, found mainly in the Boreal Forest region, north to the north shore of Lake Athabasca and the Peace River; less commonly in the Aspen Parklands." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 378-GeneralDescription 378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large (3.8-5.9 cm. wingspan) orange, yellow-brown or rusty-orange moth, with prominent antemedian and postmedian lines. There are a pair of diagnostic small silvery white spots in the center of the pointed forewing. Male antennae are bipectinate and the females have simple antennae. Unlikely to be mistaken for any other Alberta moth. The similar Notodontid moth Datana ministra should also occur in southern Alberta; it can be separated from Nadata by it's maroon head and thorax." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 378-Habitat 378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and shrubland. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 378-LifeCycle 378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to lights. There is a single brood, which overwinter as pupae. The larvae are solitary defoliators." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 378-TrophicStrategy 378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data available. Elsewhere in Canada, a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, with a very strong preference for white birch (Betula papyrifera), and to a lesser extent Red alder (Alnus rubra) and willow (Salix) (Prentice et al, 1962)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 379-ConservationStatus 379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A scarce moth, but widespread and with abundant habitat. No concerns." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 379-Cyclicity 379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in June and early July. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 379-Distribution 379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from Nova Scotia west to the mountains, south to North Carolina and California. In BC and along the west coast, replaced by the very similar N. pacifica (con-specific ?). In Alberta, found mainly in the southern Boreal Forest and Aspen Parklands, and the foothills; north to Lac la Biche and Grande Cache, south to Seebe." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 379-GeneralDescription 379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.8 cm wingspan) red-brown and grey moth. The lower half and outer edge of the forewing in both sexes is mostly dark red-brown, while the inner portions are grey. The orbicular is indicated by a rusty streak, and the reniform by a thin vertical rust line. There is a pair of curved, blackish-brown basal streaks on the lower forewing base. The female hindwing is dark red-brown, while that of the male is white with a dark anal mark. A prominent dark ""tooth"" is present on the lower forewing margin of the male. The antennae of the males are narrowly pectinate; whereas the females have simple antennae." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 379-Habitat 379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and shrubland. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 379-LifeCycle 379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults have a short flight period, which indicates a single brood and overwinters as pupae. They are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae (illustrated in Wagner et al, 1997) are reported to be solitary defoliators. The moth, although widespread, is very uncommon." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 379-TrophicStrategy 379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data available. Elsewhere, they feed on willows (Salix) and poplars (Populus), including aspen poplar (P. tremuloides)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 380-ConservationStatus 380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 380-Cyclicity 380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are on the wing from mid-May through mid-August, larvae from June through September." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 380-Distribution 380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to central BC, south to New York. In Alberta widespread in the southern Boreal Forest, Aspen Parklands and Foothills." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 380-GeneralDescription 380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather large (4.0-5.0 cm. wingspan) robust moth with dark powdery grey forwing and a lighter grey hindwing. The lines are black, waved between the veins, and faintly outlined with light scales. The most prominent marking on the forewing is the small, vertical bar shaped reniform spot, outlined in white scales. The hindwing of the male whitish shaded with pale grey, especially on the anal third, and with a dark discal mark and grey veins. Female similar, but with darker hindwings. Male antennae are narrowly pectinate and with a simple tip; females have simple antennae. N. simplaria bears a superficial resemblance to large specimens of Panthea and some Polia, especially Polia rogenhoferi fm. carbonifera. The small, bar-shaped reniform with the pale border will separate simplaria from similar species." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 380-Habitat 380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 380-LifeCycle 380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators. They overwinter as pupae. Adults either have an extended emergence, or there may be a partial second brood (?)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 380-TrophicStrategy 380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides); elsewhere in Canada mainly aspen but also willow (Salix sp.). 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 381-ConservationStatus 381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 381-Cyclicity 381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to September. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 381-Distribution 381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transamerican in the northern states; transcanadian, though not quite reaching the Pacific coast. In Alberta this species ranges throughout, the exception being the dry south east region." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 381-GeneralDescription 381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the gyllenhali group. Piceous or almost black, completely unmetallic, all appeandages rufous, femora darkened, margins of prothorax often paler, elytra sometimes more or less rufinistic. Prothorax with lateral seta, sides sinuate in basal half and hind angles right, or slightly obtuse, but sharp at tip; meta-coxae and sternites 3-5 unisetose; and wings full. Length 8.6 to 12.0 mm." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 381-Habitat 381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Usually confined to the stony margins of running, cold water." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 381-LifeCycle 381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwintering occurs in the larval stage, with most immature individuals found early in summer." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 381-TrophicStrategy 381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 398-ConservationStatus 398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread and fairly common species; no concerns. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 398-Cyclicity 398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults in Alberta late May through mid-July, larvae from late June through September." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 398-Distribution 398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental across southern Canada, in particular in the parkland and southern boreal forest region, south to Texas. In Alberta found across the aspen parklands and the foothills, north into the boreal forest at least to the Ft. McMurray area." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 398-GeneralDescription 398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather large (4.5-6 cm. wingspan) moth with dark slate-grey forewings, shading to paler gray toward the lower margin . The forewing margin is somewhat scalloped, with a short, white basal line with pale orange scaling below and a prominent ""tooth"" midway along the lower margin. The hindwing is white, shading to dark grey in the anal angle. Unmistakable." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 398-Habitat 398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature poplar forest and mixedwood forest with poplars. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 398-LifeCycle 398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood, and the larvae are solitary defoliators. They overwinter in the pupal stage." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 398-TrophicStrategy 398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data available; elsewhere poplars. Canadian records (Prentice et al. 1962) are all from aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides). 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 418-ConservationStatus 418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread, polyphagus insect. No concerns." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 418-Cyclicity 418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults on the wing June through early August. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 418-Distribution 418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to Vancouver Island; south to Florida, Colorado and central California. In Alberta, found across the southern boreal forest and parklands." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 418-GeneralDescription 418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-4.5 cm. wingspan) pale grey moth, slightly reddish or pinkish grey on the lower half of the forewing. The hindwing is whitish with some darkening along the outer veins and at the anal angle. The leading half of the forewing is light grey, with a large diffuse dark grey blotch at the disk, usually containing a small black discal dot. The pale grey area along the costa near the apex is not well defined as it is in Schizura leptinoides and extends further along the costa toward the base. The most prominent markings are the dark scaling on the forewing base which also extends part way along the inner margin (lacking in leptinoides) and the prominent dark grey blotch at the disc. Normal lines are absent or nearly so. Antennae are pectinate to beyond the midpoint, then simple. Both sexes are similar. The genitalia and the 8th sternite differ greatly from those of Schizura leptinoides. Western populations of semirufescens are paler and greyer than those from eastern Canada, and superficially resemble the southern O. perangulata. In Alberta, semirufescens is likely to be confused only with Schizura leptinoides." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 418-Habitat 418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and shrublands. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 418-TrophicStrategy 418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 458-ConservationStatus 458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species. No concerns." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 458-Cyclicity 458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults on the wing late May through July, larvae June through September." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 458-Distribution 458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental across southern Canada, except for the lower mainland of BC and Vancouver Island, south to North Carolina, Nebraska and California. In Alberta, occurs throughout the aspen parklands, the foothills and mountains and the boreal forest north to at least the Ft. McMurray and northern Peace River areas. There are a number of closely related species in the Palearctic region." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 458-GeneralDescription 458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather large (4.3-6.2 cm. wingspan) mostly dark black-brown and white moth. The forewing is white with a dark strip along the costa, widening near the apex, and along the entire lower margin. Hindwing white with a dark blotch in the anal angle. Some specimens, especially from the mountains, have most of the white on the forwing replaced with pale brown, and these greatly resemble P. portlandia from coastal BC. The two species are not known to occur together, with portlandia replacing rimosa on Vancouver Island and the lower mainland of BC. Both sexes are similar, but females are bit larger, darker and with a narrower antennae." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 458-Habitat 458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and shrublands. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 458-LifeCycle 458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. Fresh adults may be taken late in the season, indicating a very extended emergence, or more likely at least a partial second generation per year. Overwinters as a pupa. The larvae are solitary defoliators of deciduous trees. They have an anal horn and resemble small sphinx larvae." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 458-TrophicStrategy 458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No specific Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada, poplars (especially aspen poplar) and willows (Populus and Salix)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 459-ConservationStatus 459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rarely collected in Alberta. No concerns. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 459-Cyclicity 459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults in Alberta June-July. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 459-Distribution 459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to Vancouver Island, south to Florida, Texas and Utah. In Alberta collected only along the Battle River valley, west to Camrose." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 459-GeneralDescription 459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.7 cm. wingspan) moth. Males can be identified as a Notodontid by the characteristic antennae (basal half broadly pectinate, terminal half simple) and the elongate abdomen with a bifurcate tip. Typical form as follows: forewing grey and tan with a broad, diffuse basal dash, and with the costa rather pale, especially as it nears the apex. The lines are fine, scalloped and broken. The reniform is a dark smudge, often with a pale center crossed by a dark bar. The fringe is broadly checkered. The hindwing is white in the male with a dark patch marking the anal angle. Both sexes are similar, but the female has darker hindwings. The moth is highly variable, with a number of described forms." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 459-Habitat 459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland and shrub. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 459-LifeCycle 459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are diurnal and come to light. The overwintering stage is the pupae. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 459-TrophicStrategy 459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data available. In Canada, a wide range of deciduous trees and shrubs, including birch (Betula), willows (Salix) and poplars (Populus). (See Prentice et al, 1962 for a list)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 460-ConservationStatus 460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 460-Cyclicity 460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults on the wing in Alberta late May through July. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 460-Distribution 460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to central Alberta, south to Georgia and Arkansas. In Alberta, it occurs throughout the boreal forest region from the north shore of Lake Athabasca south to Edmonton." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 460-GeneralDescription 460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.2 cm. wingspan) violet grey and reddish brown moth. The forewing base has a very thin black basal streak, the central area is darker grey with a minute raised discal dot, usually surrounded by a diffuse dark grey blotch. The postmedian line is doubled, scalloped and reddish brown, the subterminal line is incomplete and blurred, and there is a well-defined whitish apical patch. The hindwing is white, with shading along the outer veins and forming a narrow but incomplete band along the outer margin, with a dark blotch at the anal angle. The male antennae are pectinate to beyond the midpoint, then abruptly reduced to a simple rachis. Females are darker, especially the hindwings, and the lines are more diffuse and indistinct. Similar to and easily confused with Oligocentria semirufescens, especially worn specimens. The thin, sharp basal streak and doubled postmedian line of leptinoides, and in particular the diffuse dark area on the base and lower inner margin of the forewing in semirufescens will separate the two species. Both the genitalia and the form of the 8th sternite are very different in the two species. See also S. unicornis and S. ipomoeae." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 460-Habitat 460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 460-LifeCycle 460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A single-brooded, solitary defoliator of deciduous trees. Overwinters as pupae. Adults are attracted to light." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 460-TrophicStrategy 460 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada mainly Ironwood (Ostrya) and white birch (Betula papyrifera). 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 276-ConservationStatus 276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No special concerns. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 276-Cyclicity 276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from May through September. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 276-Distribution 276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from southern Ontario to southern BC, south to central Mexico. It has been collected across the southern half of Alberta, north to Edmonton." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 276-GeneralDescription 276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.3-3.7 cm wingspan) light yellow-brown or tan moth with darker markings. There is a broad darker brown median band crossing the forewing, which angles sharply inward at the lower end of the large blackish reniform, and a dark triangular patch near the apex. The hindwing is dirty white or very pale buff with a large dark thick discal crescent and a broad black terminal band with a pale, split spot at the anal angle. The very similar H. acesias has a yellowish (not buff) hindwing, less contrast on the forewing, and the forewing median band is not as sharply angled. There are also genitalic differences (see Hardwick, 1994). H. ononis is significantly smaller, less yellow and lacks most of the fine spotting on the forewing found in phloxiphagus. H. oregonica is smaller and darker." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 276-Habitat 276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wooded edges, meadows, and other open areas." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 276-LifeCycle 276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are reported to be both nocturnal and diurnal in activity, and while most often are taken at lights, may be found feeding and ovipositing during the day. Like other species of the genus, the larvae feed on the flowering parts and seeds of the host.\n" 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 276-TrophicStrategy 276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to utilize a wide variety of plants. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 277-Cyclicity 277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Three adults have been collected in Alberta only during the last 10 days of May. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 277-Distribution 277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New England west to Colorado, north to southern Manitoba and central Saskatchewan and Alberta. In Alberta it has been collected several times in the Edmonton area." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 277-GeneralDescription 277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small chocolate black moth with purplish overtones and few prominent markings. The forewing is crossed by thin pale brown antemedian, postmedian and subterminal lines, the area inside the antemedian and outside the postmedian lines darker and appearing as a wide black band. Some specimens have both wings with a wide, paler brown terminal band. Fringes dark." 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 277-LifeCycle 277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle No information available. Almost nothing is known about this little moth. Until larvae are described it is not even certain they belong to the family Heliothinae. 10/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 230-Cyclicity 230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to mid June. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 230-Distribution 230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Pennsylvania. South along the Rockies to Colorado. The nominate subspecies occurs in Eurasia." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 230-GeneralDescription 230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description This Phragmatobia can be distinguished from P. lineata and P. assimilans by the smaller size and the absence of transverse bands on the forewing. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 230-Habitat 230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Data on habitat preference in AB is scarce. It has been recorded in prairie habitat and boreal fens. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 230-TrophicStrategy 230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Apparently a generalist on low plants, including Rumex, Plantago, and Solidago. Larvae has been reared on dandelion (Taraxacum) in the lab." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 231-Cyclicity 231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Early to late May. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 231-Distribution 231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The known range of this species is quite limited, distributed primarily in the northeastern U.S. The only records for western North America are from Manitoba (Aweme and Brandon) and a few Alberta records from the prairies." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 231-GeneralDescription 231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Phragmatobia lineata can be distinguished from the other members of the genus by the presence of transverse lines on the forewing (from P. fuliginosa) and the continuation of the marginal black band of the hindwing along the costal margin (from P. assimilans). There are also genitalic differences (See Donahue & Newman, 1966)." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 231-Habitat 231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The few records of this species in the province suggest prairie habitat. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 231-TrophicStrategy 231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Probably a variety of low growing plants. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 232-Cyclicity 232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Peak flight activity is from mid May to early June, with records ranging from Apr. 14 to Jun. 9." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 232-Distribution 232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A boreal forest and transition zone (parkland) species, found from Nova Scotia south to New England, west to British Columbia. Not known further south than Montana and the Black Hills of South Dakota (Donahue, 1993)." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 232-GeneralDescription 232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Largest and most common member of this genus. Forewing pattern quite variable, but the wings are always opaque, not translucent like P. lineata and P. fuliginosa. Females tend to be larger and darker, with the forewing pattern better developed." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 232-Habitat 232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moist, open habitats in deciduous and mixed forest." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 232-LifeCycle 232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There are a few specimens in the Bowman collection with dates in August. These may represent a rare second brood, reared material, or may be mislabeled. There have been no recent recordings for late summer flight dates in Alberta." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 232-TrophicStrategy 232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Probably various herbaceous plants; has been reared on dandelion and plantain (Gibson, 1911). Also occasionally feeds on white birch (McGugan, 1958), raspberry (Rubus), and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) (Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB)." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 233-Cyclicity 233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid July - early August. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 233-Distribution 233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range of this species is restricted to the Rocky Mountains, from the Cardinal divide south to Montana. It has also been recorded from the Selkirk Range in southeastern B.C." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 233-GeneralDescription 233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "No other species like it. The contrast of the forewing markings is variable, with some specimens exhibiting a nearly uniform rust coloured forewing." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 233-Habitat 233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas at or near treeline, especially subalpine meadows" 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 234-Cyclicity 234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Available flight dates range from mid June to the first week of August. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 234-Distribution 234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "So far only known from a few localities in the Rocky Mountains of B.C. (Pink Mountain) and Alberta (South to Chester Lake, Peter Lougheed Prov. Park)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 234-GeneralDescription 234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Hindwing is translucent grey, sometimes with some ochre colouring. No pink or yellow. Superficially similar to Grammia quenseli, but H. sordida lacks the whitish lines along the forewing veins, and has at least one pale transverse band on the forewing." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 234-Habitat 234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat High alpine scree slopes and rock fields. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 234-LifeCycle 234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal, and are strong fliers. Members of this genus take two years to develop (Freina & Witt, 1987), but it appears that adults can occur every year." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 234-TrophicStrategy 234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown. Probably various herbs and grasses. H. cervini is reportedly prefers grasses, saxifrages (Saxifragaceae), and members of the primrose family (Primulaceae)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 235-ConservationStatus 235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 235-Cyclicity 235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak activity from mid June to early July. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 235-Distribution 235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Labrador south to North Carolina, west to Alaska. South along the Rocky Mountains to Arizona." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 235-GeneralDescription 235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Our largest tiger moth. Arctia caja and Pararctia yarrowi are superficially similar, but P. parthenos has greatly reduced white markings on the forewing, and the round hindwing spots of A. caja are absent in parthenos. The extent of the dark areas of the hindwing and light markings on the forewing can vary, and have been named as several 'varieties' (Brower, 1973).\nD. Macaulay image" 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 235-Habitat 235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in boreal mixed-wood and parkland habitats. Also occurs in moist, shrubby arctic tundra." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 235-LifeCycle 235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is semivoltine, overwintering first as a 5th instar and again as an 8th instar larva. Almost all Alberta and B.C. records for this species are from even-numbered years, suggesting it has a biennial phenology." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 235-TrophicStrategy 235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "P. parthenos have been observed on willows (Salix) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). Also reported on alder (Alnus) and paper birch (McGugan, 1958). Successful lab hosts include snowberry (Symphoricarpos), Taraxacum, and Galium (Kimmich, 1966, Deschka & Hoffmann, 1986)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5-ConservationStatus 5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This subspecies is moderately rare in Alberta. 9/14/00 0:00 9/26/14 8:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5-Cyclicity 5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity These beetles have been collected from May through July. 9/14/00 0:00 9/26/14 8:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5-Distribution 5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This subspecies is found only in central Canada. These beetles are found in the northeastern third of Alberta. 9/14/00 0:00 9/26/14 8:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5-GeneralDescription 5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Individuals of Cicindela limbata nympha are distinguished by the pale elytra with reduced dark markings. The marginal band is expanded to cover most of the elytra leaving a narrow dark band down the center. A brown band identifies the subspecies C. l. nympha, a green band C. l. limbata. Specimens of Cicindela l. hyperborea do not look like those of the southern subspecies. Markings are typical tiger beetle design with a brown elytral color. The greatly thickened elytral bands distinguish members of this subspecies from those of all other Maritima group species found in Alberta." 9/14/00 0:00 9/26/14 8:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5-Habitat 5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal forest on sparsely vegetated sandy dunes or blowouts; also disturbed sandy areas along roads. 9/14/00 0:00 9/26/14 8:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5-LifeCycle 5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Not known. 9/14/00 0:00 9/26/14 8:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5-TrophicStrategy 5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 9/14/00 0:00 9/26/14 8:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23-ConservationStatus 23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is relatively common in Alberta. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23-Cyclicity 23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "These beetles have been collected from late April through August, and also expected in September." 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23-Distribution 23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species covers the western and north eastern regions of the United States and most of Canada. These beetles are found throughout the northern two thirds of Alberta. In southwestern Alberta is a race of Cicindela longilabris longilabris X C. longilabris perviridis X C. longilabris lauerentii (integrades). 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23-GeneralDescription 23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description This species is closely related to Cicindela nebraskana. Correct identification is often difficult; species determination is based on microsculpture of the elytra and habitat preference when known. Cicindela longilabris adults have the elytral surface covered with minute granules resulting in a dull lustre while those of C. nebraskana are have more lustre. Members of C. longilabris live in forest clearings and meadows and C. nebraskana in prairie grasslands. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23-Habitat 23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sandy areas such as ridges and blowouts in conifer forests; also sandy forest paths and road sides. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23-LifeCycle 23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are known to overwinter. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23-TrophicStrategy 23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24-ConservationStatus 24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is moderately common in Alberta. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24-Cyclicity 24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity These beetles have been collected from May through August; are also expected in April and September. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24-Distribution 24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species covers northwestern United States and in Canada the southern areas of the western provinces. These beetles are found throughout most of the southern fourth of Alberta. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24-GeneralDescription 24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of this species are slightly smaller than those of Cicindela longilabris and have reduced elytral maculations. Cicindela nebraskana adults have a black, rarely iridescent underside, whereas Cicindela longilabris adults are usually iridescent blue, green or bronzed on the underside. Cicindela nebraskana adults have the elytral surface more lustrous while those of C. longilabris are covered with minute granules resulting in a dull lustre. Members of C. nebraskana live in prairie grasslands while C. longilabris live in forest clearings and meadows." 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24-Habitat 24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prefer open areas between clumps of grass and earth mounds; prairie grasslands on heavy clay soils. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24-LifeCycle 24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are known to overwinter. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24-TrophicStrategy 24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 9/14/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26-ConservationStatus 26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is moderately common in Alberta. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26-Cyclicity 26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "These beetles have been collected in May, June and August, and are also expected in July." 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26-Distribution 26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in the western third of United States and Canada, with isolated populations in Alaska and Yukon Territory. In Alberta, the range is disjunct, with a population in the north, and the other in the southeastern fourth of Alberta." 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26-GeneralDescription 26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This green or violaceous tiger beetle is characterized by reduction of the humeral lunule and a long, descending arm of the middle band of the elytron. The violoaceous form is common in the Peace River region. However, the vilolaceous color may be an after-death artifact." 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26-Habitat 26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clay, sandy, or gravel soils often along cowpaths and roads; often captured on clay alluvium." 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26-LifeCycle 26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are known to overwinter. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26-TrophicStrategy 26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27-ConservationStatus 27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species is moderately rare in Alberta, and is on the ANHIC tracking list." 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27-Cyclicity 27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "These beetles have been collected from May through August, and are also expected in September." 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27-Distribution 27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this subspecies extends through central and eastern United States to southeastern and south central Canada. This subspecies is found only in the south-east corner of Alberta. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27-GeneralDescription 27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of this species cannot be mistaken for those of any other species in Alberta. Bright red elytra lacking all maculations characterize this subspecies.
\nD. Macaulay image" 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27-Habitat 27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Blowouts and sand dunes and sparsely vegetated edge zone dominated by scurf pea. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27-LifeCycle 27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are known to overwinter. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27-TrophicStrategy 27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28-ConservationStatus 28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is moderatley rare in Alberta. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28-Cyclicity 28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "These beetles have been collected from April through August, and are also expected in September." 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28-Distribution 28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this subspecies extends from the central plain of United States and Canada westward to the Rocky Mountains. This subspecies is mainly found in the south half of Alberta with a couple of scattered localities in the northern half. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28-GeneralDescription 28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of this species appear similar to those of Cicindela formosa but are distuinguished by their smaller size, and long, straight humeral lunule." 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28-Habitat 28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open sandy areas of grasslands; also on prairie sand dunes and boreal forest sand ridges. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28-LifeCycle 28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle These beetles may take up to three years to complete larval development. Adults overwinter. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28-TrophicStrategy 28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 10/18/00 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 86-ConservationStatus 86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is relatively rare in Alberta. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 86-Cyclicity 86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in July and August. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 86-Distribution 86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over most of United States (excluding the west coast states) and Canada (extreme south). This species is found only in the southern fifth of Alberta. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 86-GeneralDescription 86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "These beetles are readily distinguished by a row of metallic blue or green dots running down the length of each elytron. The other elytral maculations are quite variable, ranging from immaculate to well marked, but usually consisting of a few white spots." 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 86-Habitat 86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults prefer thin grass with bare paches of sandy loam in the southern prairie regions. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 86-LifeCycle 86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults survive a single summer with the larvae being the only overwintering stage. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 86-TrophicStrategy 86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 87-ConservationStatus 87 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species is rare in Alberta, and is on the ANHIC tracking list." 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 87-Cyclicity 87 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from June through August. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 87-Distribution 87 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over most of central to eastern United States and southern Canada. This species is found only near the Alberta-Saskatchewan border in the southern fifth of Alberta. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 87-GeneralDescription 87 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Adults of this species are the palest tiger beetles in Alberta and have obscure markings on the elytra and pale legs offering them excellent cryptic protection on pale sand. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 87-Habitat 87 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Pale yellow to white sand, usually on sand dunes, with no vegetation or other cover present." 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 87-LifeCycle 87 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Members of this summer species take two years to complete their life cycle. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 87-TrophicStrategy 87 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 2/28/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 108-ConservationStatus 108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This subspecies is moderately rare in Alberta. 3/1/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 108-Cyclicity 108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this subspecies have been collected in June and July. 3/1/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 108-Distribution 108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over the western half of United States and Canada (extreme south) with isolated populations in northern Alberta and Yukon Territory. Cicindela c. cinctipennis is found in the southern fifth of Alberta and near Peace River in the north. 3/1/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 108-GeneralDescription 108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of Cicindela c. cinctipennis are small slender beetles; elytron with an unbroken marginal band, and the middle band may be distinct or reduced. Adults of C. cinctipennis imperfecta are slightly larger; elytron with the marginal band greatly reduced, or at most the humeral lunule is represented by a small spur which joins up with the middle band." 3/1/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 108-Habitat 108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults prefer sparse grass on clay soils in prairie grasslands; also on saline and alkaline soils. 3/1/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 108-LifeCycle 108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are active during midsummer. 3/1/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 108-TrophicStrategy 108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 3/1/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 109-ConservationStatus 109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This subspecies is moderately rare in Alberta, and is on the ANHIC tracking list." 3/1/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 109-Cyclicity 109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this subspecies have been collected in June and July. 3/1/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 109-Distribution 109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over the western half of United States and Canada (extreme south) with isolated populations in northern Alberta and Yukon Terrotory. Cicindela cintipennis imperfecta is only known from the Kootenay Plains southwest of Nordegg. 3/1/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 109-GeneralDescription 109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of Cicindela cinctipennis imperfecta are slightly larger; elytron with the marginal band greatly reduced, or at most the humeral lunule is represented by a small spur which joins up with the middle band. Adults of C. c. cinctipennis are small slender beetles; elytron with an unbroken marginal band, and the middle band may be distinct or reduced." 3/1/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 109-Habitat 109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults have been collected on sandy clay soils on river banks. 3/1/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 109-LifeCycle 109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are active during midsummer. 3/1/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 109-TrophicStrategy 109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 3/1/01 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 129-ConservationStatus 129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Generally common throughout its Alberta range. 10/4/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 129-Cyclicity 129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults of this species are most common in July and August. 10/4/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 129-Distribution 129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western Manitoba west to B.C., south to Utah and Colorado." 10/4/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 129-GeneralDescription 129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Although there are a number of similar-looking species in the genus, this is the only species that occurs in Canada. The large size, black and white pattern in combination with the elongate wings and diurnal acitivity are unique to this species in Alberta. Royal Alberta Museum page" 10/4/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 129-Habitat 129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, This species occurs in open, wooded areas of the foothills and boreal forest." 10/4/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 129-LifeCycle 129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal, and avidly visit nectar sources such as thistle (Cirsium spp.) and goldenrod (Solidago spp.)." 10/4/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 129-TrophicStrategy 129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Members of the Borage family, usually Lungwort (Mertensia paniculata). Also feeds on Puccoon (Lithospermum spp.) and Stickseed (Hackelia spp.) in the foothills." 10/4/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 189-ConservationStatus 189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A locally common widespread species; no reasons for concern. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 189-Cyclicity 189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from late May through early July. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 189-Distribution 189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Mainly Boreal, from the Maritimes west to the Alberta foothills. The southern limits of occurrence are uncertain owing to the confusion in the literature with S. gordius. In Alberta, poecila has been collected throughout the Boreal forest region, north to the Peace River and Lake Athabasca areas, south to Nordegg and Edmonton." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 189-GeneralDescription 189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (6.5-9.0 cm wingspan), long-winged, heavy-bodied dark grey moth. The forewings are dark grey and black with a number of fine black horizontal streaks, and the veins are faintly marked with black scales. There is usually a small white spot in the forewing cell, and the fringe is white with some black checkering. The hindwings are black with a lighter grey basal patch and median band and a white fringe. The thorax is black with grey along the sides, and the abdomen has a series of large, lateral grey and black spots. S. poecila is similar in pattern to S. vashti and S. chersis, but much darker grey overall. S. drupiferarum is two-tone black and grey. The very closely related S. gordius has been found as far west as central Saskatchewan and may well turn up in Alberta. In poecila, the submarginal area maintains the same general ground color as the rest of the dorsal forewing, while the submarginal area in gordius is distinctly darker than the ground color of the remainder of the wing." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 189-Habitat 189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic boreal forest, bogs and fens." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 189-LifeCycle 189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poecila sphinx are largely nocturnal and come to light, but have also been observed nectaring at blossoms during the day. There is a single brood each year. The larvae are solitary defoliators, and the pupae overwinter in the soil. It is considered by some to be the most common sphinx moth in Canada." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 189-TrophicStrategy 189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere larch (Larix laricina), sweetfern (Myrica gale), meadowsweet (Spiraea sp), and blueberry (Vaccinium sp.)." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 190-Cyclicity 190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults in Alberta in August and September. 10/9/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 190-Distribution 190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "C. impura is known from two disjunct populations. It occurs in the southern Rocky Mountain states, the Yukon and northern B.C. and Alberta. This species is known from the Peace River valley of B.C. (Troubridge & Lafontaine 1998), and should be watched for on the Alberta side." 10/9/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 190-GeneralDescription 190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Members in this genus are superficially similar to the grass moths (Pyralidae: Crambinae), but these generally have some markings on the forewing, and have conspicuously long palpi. There are several species of leaf-rollers (Tortricidae) that are very similar, but these have a pointed forewing apex and are smaller than Crambidia. C. impura is smaller than C. casta, and is light grey in colour, not white. Their ranges are currently not known to overlap in Alberta." 10/9/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 190-Habitat 190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Stabilized sand dunes dominated by open jack pine forest. 10/9/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 190-TrophicStrategy 190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Probably lichens. 10/9/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 191-Cyclicity 191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight period in August. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 191-Distribution 191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to B.C., south to Arizona." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 191-GeneralDescription 191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Members in this genus are superficially similar to the grass moths (Pyralidae: Crambinae), but these generally have some markings on the forewing, and have conspicuously long palpi. There are several species of leaf-rollers (Tortricidae) that are very similar, but have a pointed forewing apex and are smaller than Crambidia. C. impura is smaller than casta, and is light grey in colour, not white. Their ranges are currently not known to overlap in Alberta." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 191-Habitat 191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, open woodlands, especially jack pine and montane forests. Also found in prairie riparian woods." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 191-TrophicStrategy 191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Lichens. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 192-Cyclicity 192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Probably mid July to August. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 192-Distribution 192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to extreme southern Alberta, south to Texas. The only Alberta record is from Milk River (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa)." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 192-GeneralDescription 192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The basal half of theforewing and basal third of the hindwing is bright orange, with the outer portion of the wings black. This is a diurnal species, and quite unmistakable. Wingspan of about 30mm." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 192-Habitat 192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Short-grass prairie. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 192-LifeCycle 192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species is diurnal. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 193-Cyclicity 193 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can found mainly in August. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 193-Distribution 193 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs across most of southern and central Canada west to B.C., south to Texas." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 193-GeneralDescription 193 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description No other species in Alberta has the bright pink wings banded with grey. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 193-Habitat 193 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, open woodlands, especially jack pine and lodgepole pine forests." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 193-TrophicStrategy 193 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Primarily lichens growing on pines, although other lichens are suspected as hosts in deciduous woodlands." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 209-Cyclicity 209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid July to early August. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 209-Distribution 209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across the boreal region west to B.C., south along the Pacific Coast to California." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 209-GeneralDescription 209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Easily missed because of its small size. However, wing shape and pattern can be used to distinguish it from micro-moths. Most similar in size and overall shape to the leaf rollers (Tortricidae), but leaf rollers generally have a broader, more blunt appearance to the forewing, and banded (not speckled) forewing patterns, like in C. albata." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 209-Habitat 209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Primarily a species of moist, mixed wood boreal forest. Rare in the aspen parkland." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 209-TrophicStrategy 209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Arboreal lichens, especially those growing on conifers." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 210-Cyclicity 210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid to late July in the north, late June to mid July in the prairies." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 210-Distribution 210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Primarily a species of eastern North America. Occurs as far west as Alberta. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 210-GeneralDescription 210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The extent of the black forewing markings is variable. Specimens from the prairie region tend to have reduced black markings in the basal half of the forewing. Haploa confusa (Lyman), which occurs in eastern North America west to Saskatchewan, may eventually be found in Alberta. This species has slight differences in forewing maculation: the antemedial white patch is two-lobed at the distal end (confusa), as opposed to elliptical (lecontei). H. confusa should be watched for in the east-central part of the province." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 210-Habitat 210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixed wood boreal forest and riparian woodland in the prairie region. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 210-TrophicStrategy 210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae of this species have been observed on trembling aspen in the Ministik Lake area east of Edmonton. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 211-Cyclicity 211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mainly in July. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 211-Distribution 211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution A boreal species that occurs west to Alberta. There are disjunct populations in Colorado and Arizona. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 211-GeneralDescription 211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Smaller than V. ferruginosa, with a darker forewing and a solid dark hindwing margin." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 211-Habitat 211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occurs only in peat bogs. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 211-TrophicStrategy 211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Plantago (Handfield 1999). 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 212-Cyclicity 212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to July. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 212-Distribution 212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Across Canada west to B.C. Not known to occur in the western U.S. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 212-GeneralDescription 212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The identification of the western species in this complex, V. aurantiaca (Huebner), V. fragilis (Strecker), and V. ferruginosa (Walker) is not clearcut, and the taxonomy is in need of revision. The extent of the dark markings of the hindwing margin and the ground colour is variable in all species, but fragilis is slightly larger than ferruginosa, and is known only from the foothills south of the Bow River Valley. Virbia aurantiaca is slightly smaller, with a darker, more even hindwing margin." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 212-Habitat 212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clearings and meadows in wooded areas, including bogs." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 212-LifeCycle 212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Attracted to light, but readily takes flight if disturbed during the day." 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 212-TrophicStrategy 212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Various low-growing plants. 10/9/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 265-ConservationStatus 265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The Western Sheepmoth has a very limited distribution in AB and may be sensitive to land use changes 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 265-Cyclicity 265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "These moths are day-flying, and are found primarily between late June and mid July." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 265-Distribution 265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern B.C. and extreme southeastern Alberta southward throughout the western U.S. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 265-GeneralDescription 265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "No other species in Alberta has the distinctive pink and yellow wings with black markings. The extent of the black markings is extremely variable, ranging from being almost absent to entirely black. The Sagebrush Sheepmoth has a similar pattern, but lacks the pink and yellow colour." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 265-Habitat 265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Montane meadows and open woodlands. In AB, only found from Waterton N.P. north to the Crowsnest Pass" 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 265-LifeCycle 265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is thought to have a two-year life cycle in Alberta, overwintering first as an egg and again the second year as a pupa. These moths have a very rapid flight and are usually difficult to observe." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 265-TrophicStrategy 265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "McGugan (1958) states the main hosts are wild rose and ocean spray (Holodiscus discolor), which is not known to occur in Alberta. Other known hosts that do occur in AB include willow, Vine Maple, birch and aspen." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 266-ConservationStatus 266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not applicable for Alberta. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 266-Distribution 266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Ceanothus Silkmoth occurs in the dry intermontane valleys and interior of BC (as far north as Prince George along the Fraser River) south to Baja California. The only AB record of this species is for a live specimen introduced along with a shipment of ornamental shrubs from Oregon to Red Deer (E. Mengersen, pers. comm.). There is a small possibility this species is present in the Waterton / Castle River area of AB." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 266-GeneralDescription 266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species can be recognized by the pinkish maroon colour that prevails beyond the postmedian white band. In H. columbia gloveri, this outer third of the wing has very little or no trace of maroon. Although variable, the discal spots are usually greatly elongated towards the outer edge of the wing, and this trait distinguishes euryalus from the other species of Hyalophora. The range of euryalus is not known to overlap with any other Hyalophora in Canada." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 266-Habitat 266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "There are no known native populations in AB. See remarks under ""Range""." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 266-LifeCycle 266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwintering cocoons of H. euryalus are attached to the larval host plant and occasionally other plants. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 266-TrophicStrategy 266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are reported to feed on a variety of shrubs including Red Alder (Alnus rubra) (which occurs only along the west coast of BC), willow, wild rose, Currants and gooseberries (Ribes spp.), buffaloberry (Sheperdia canadensis), Mountain Maple (Acer glabrum), Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia), and Redstem Ceanothus (Ceanothus sanguineus). Larvae also occasionally feed on Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 236-Cyclicity 236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid July to mid August, depending on the snow pack." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 236-Distribution 236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Yukon and western N.W.T. south to Colorado and Arizona. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 236-GeneralDescription 236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pattern and colour overall similar to Platarctia parthenos and Arctia caja, but this species is smaller." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 236-Habitat 236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Rocky alpine tundra where willows (Salix) grow. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 236-LifeCycle 236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal, and are swift fliers. Not known to come to light." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 236-TrophicStrategy 236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown. Possibly alpine shrub willows, as in Pararctia lapponica (Freina & Witt, 1987)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 237-ConservationStatus 237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 237-Cyclicity 237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid July - mid August. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 237-Distribution 237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to B.C., south to Utah and Colorado." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 237-GeneralDescription 237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description One of our largest and most easily recognizable tiger moths in Alberta. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 237-Habitat 237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Can be found in meadows and clearings in forested areas, up to the mountain treeline." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 237-TrophicStrategy 237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported to feed on a variety of shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, including Taraxacum, Plantago, Populus, Salix and Alnus." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 238-Cyclicity 238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight activity ranges from late July to mid August. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 238-Distribution 238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Northwest Territories (Great Bear Lake) south to southern Manitoba and Utah. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 238-GeneralDescription 238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The hindwing is usually yellow (rarely orange) with submarginal black spots. The hindwing discal spot is absent. Similar to G. speciosa, but obliterata has transverse white bands in the costal area of the forewing, which are absent in speciosa." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 238-Habitat 238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in open subalpine forest, boreal forest bogs and prairie sand dunes." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 238-TrophicStrategy 238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Bedstraw (Galium sp.) (Dod, 1904), and probably other low plants. McGugan (1958) reports successful development on white spruce, but this is not likely a host under natural conditions." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 239-ConservationStatus 239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status " Locally common in bogs and fens, however it is rare in the prairie grasslands." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 239-Cyclicity 239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Early to mid July. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 239-Distribution 239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Yukon to Newfoundland, south to New Jersey and to Colorado and New Mexico in the west." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 239-GeneralDescription 239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The hindwing is orange-yellow with varying amounts of black. Similar to G. obliterata, but speciosa has fine white lines along the veins of the forewing and lacks the white transverse bands that is on G. obliterata." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 239-Habitat 239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Primarily a boreal forest species, can also be found in bogs and fens." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 239-TrophicStrategy 239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Probably a wide variety of forbs. Larvae can be reared on Plantain (Plantago) and dandelion (Taraxacum) (Gibson, 1901)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 240-ConservationStatus 240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rare species. 10/10/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 240-Cyclicity 240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Ranges from July 7 to August 20, with most records from late July to early August." 10/10/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 240-Distribution 240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba." 10/10/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 240-GeneralDescription 240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The absence of white markings along the forewing veins, broad transverse bands and long antennal pectinations distinguish members of this species complex. It is uncertain if Grammia geneura (Strecker), G. superba (Stretch), G. nevadensis (Grote & Robinson) and G. gibsoni (McDunnough) are all the same variable species, or if several species are involved." 10/10/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 240-Habitat 240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Inhabits prairie grasslands with exposed soil cover, such as sand dunes and badlands." 10/10/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 240-TrophicStrategy 240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Castilleja sessiliflora (McDunnough, 1937). Likely also other plants." 10/10/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 241-ConservationStatus 241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rarely collected. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 241-Cyclicity 241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid to late July. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 241-Distribution 241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Only known from southern B.C. south to northern Oregon, and southwestern Alberta." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 241-GeneralDescription 241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to G. williamsi, however, G. elongata has more markings on thehindwing and a narrower, longer forewing. Elongata and williamsii are not known to occur together, the former known only from subalpine meadows, whereas williamsii occurs at lower elevations." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 241-Habitat 241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A rarely collected species known from subalpine meadows in the southern foothills. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 241-LifeCycle 241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Comes to light. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 242-Cyclicity 242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid May to early June. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 242-Distribution 242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Manitoba west to Alberta, south to Arizona and New Mexico." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 242-GeneralDescription 242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Alberta's smallest species of Grammia. Similar to G. nevadensis, but blakei can usually be distinguished by the more reduced forewing markings, more ""pointy"" appearance of the forewing, and overall smaller size." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 242-Habitat 242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Short grass and mixed grass prairie, especially in native range pastures grazed by livestock." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 242-LifeCycle 242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a partial second brood in August in some years, especially in the southern part of the range (Byers, 1988). The adults of this species are apparently strictly diurnal, flying in the afternoon and early evening." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 242-TrophicStrategy 242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on various grasses (including spring cereal crops) in early spring, and are occasionally pests in native range pastures (Byers, 1988)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 243-ConservationStatus 243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 243-Cyclicity 243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to late July. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 243-Distribution 243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New Brunswick to Alberta, B.C. and N.W.T., south to Arizona." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 243-GeneralDescription 243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of the smallest members of the genus, with an average forewing length of ~17mm. The white forewing markings consist of the typical ""W"" mark, with two additional transverse lines (sometimes reduced). Note lack of fine white lines alongforewing veins. Hindwing color can vary from pink to yellow; boreal and prairie populations tend to have a dull yellowish hindwing." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 243-Habitat 243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in montane grasslands, open jack pine forests and prairie habitats." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 243-TrophicStrategy 243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Probably a variety of herbaceous plants. In prairie habitats, larvae can be common on Golden Bean (Thermopsis rhombifolia) in May. Larvae have also been observed on Senecio sp. in montane meadows." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 361-ConservationStatus 361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species. No concerns." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 361-Cyclicity 361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One of the first moths to emerge in the spring, from early May - mid July, depending on elevation." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 361-Distribution 361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western mountain species, occurring from Vancouver Island east to the Alberta foothills. In Alberta, it occurs throughout the mountains, east to about Beavermines, Seebe, Nordegg and Pocahontas. The only area where it has been collected east of the mountains is in the northern Peace River area, near Dixonville, where it was taken in the same trap with Gluphisia lintneri." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 361-GeneralDescription 361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large (3.5 - 4.5 cm. wingspan) broad-winged moth. The forewing is grey, crossed with diffuse lines of black and yellow-brown. The hindwing is light grey with two faint darker bands, which become black and prominent in the anal angle. The largest and darkest of the four species of Gluphisia. G. severa is similar to G. lintneri, which it meets and flies with in the foothills. Severa is larger, somewhat darker, and lacks the large, diffuse but prominent dark patch along the inner half of the lower edge of the forewing. This is replaced in severa by a short, dark bar or spot at the bottom of the antemedian line. Questionable specimens may require dissection for positive identification. In severa males, the lobes of the uncus are narrow, subacute and deeply excavated; the lobes of the transtilla are broad, short and acute; and the juxta is broad, widely excavated, and has acute, produced lobes. Females are a bit larger, darker and more strongly banded than males. Male severa also bear a close resemblance to the Geometrid moth Lycia ursaria, which flies at the same time. L. ursaria is grey and lacks the prominent yellow-browns of severa." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 361-Habitat 361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forest in the mountains and along the western edge of the foothills. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 361-LifeCycle 361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The Banded Pebble is one of the first moths to emerge in the spring. Adults are nocturnal and come readily to light. The larvae are apparently solitary defoliators. They overwinter in the pupal stage. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 361-TrophicStrategy 361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data available. In BC, larvae have been found on White birch (Betula papyrifera), cherry (Prunus), willow (Salix), and Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). (Prentice et al, 1962)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 499-ConservationStatus 499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread and fairly common species. No concerns. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 499-Cyclicity 499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults emerge and are on the wing in early spring, late April and May." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 499-Distribution 499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across much of southern Canada, east of the mountains. In Alberta, widespread in the Aspen Parkland and southern Boreal Forest regions, north to the northern Peace River district (northwest of Dixonville). There are few records for the foothills, and it is replaced in the mountains by G. severa." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 499-GeneralDescription 499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-4.0 cm. wingspan) grey and light tan moth, easily mistaken for the very similar G. severa. Separated from severa by the diffuse black blotch on the lower forewing just inside the median line in lintneri. The antennae are pectinate, broadly in males, narrowly in females. The three large species of Gluphisia can also be separated by male genitalic characters, notably the shape of the juxta, transtilla and uncus. In lintneri the uncus is shallowly excavated, the lobes of the transtilla are long and acute, and the juxta is broad and narrowly excavated, with the lobes broad and square. See also G. avimacula. There is also a rare form (""pretians"") where the median area of the forewing is crossed by a wide, black contrasting band." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 499-Habitat 499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Aspen woodland and mixedwood forest with aspen. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 499-LifeCycle 499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Lintner's Pebble is among the first moths to emerge from the pupae each spring. Adults are nocturnal and come readily to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators of aspen poplar. They overwinter as pupae. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 499-TrophicStrategy 499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data available. Elsewhere in Canada aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides). (Prentice et al, 1962)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 741-ConservationStatus 741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No needs or concerns. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 741-Cyclicity 741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults on the wing late May through early August. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 741-Distribution 741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to Vancouver Island, south to California. In Alberta, it occurs in wooded habitats from the valleys of the grasslands north into the southern boreal forest, as well as throughout the foothills and lower elevations in the mountains. It apparently does not occur as far north as does F. occidentalis." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 741-GeneralDescription 741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The most common and widespread Alberta Kitten Moth. A medium-size (3.5-4.5 cm wingspan) white moth with a wide black median band and black lines and dots crossing the forewings, and with a large back patch on the forewing apex. Hindwings with a black discal mark and a wide but somewhat diffuse dark median band. Both sets of wings have a row of prominent black marginal dots between the veins. Scolopendrina differs from modesta by the white rather than light tan forewings and the small patches of gold or orange scales on the outer edge of the median band where it crosses the veins (absent in modesta). Scolopendrina is very similar to the large form of F. occidentalis, which occurs in the mountains and foothills. Many male specimens from the foothills and mountains need to be dissected for positive determination, especially if the specimens are greased. The tip of the uncus is longer and thinner in scolopendrina than in occidentalis. Specimens from the grasslands region are smaller and have reduced black markings compared to those from the parklands, foothills and boreal forest areas." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 741-Habitat 741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodlands and shrub. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 741-LifeCycle 741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators. There appears to be at least a partial second brood, especially in the southern part of the province. They overwinter as pupae." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 741-TrophicStrategy 741 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada reported from trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and willows (Salix). 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 244-Cyclicity 244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June. Possibly flies slightly earlier than G. williamsii. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 244-Distribution 244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to the Yukon. The only records for western U.S. are southeastern Montana and northcentral Colorado (Ferguson et al., 2000)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 244-GeneralDescription 244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Very similar to G. williamsii; There are no obvious consistent differences between these two species. Handfield (1999) states that the hindwing ground colour in williamsii is pink, as opposed to yellow-orange in celia. However, Alberta populations of williamsii often have yellowish hindwings, especially those in prairie habitats. The one specimen in the Bowman collection labelled as celia is from Nordegg, and has entirely black hindwings." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 244-Habitat 244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Handfield (1999) states the habitat is dry pine forest in Quebec. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 244-TrophicStrategy 244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, Plantago, and probably other low-growing herbs." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 245-Cyclicity 245 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The peak flight period is probably mid to late July. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 245-Distribution 245 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to Alberta, south to Colorado." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 245-GeneralDescription 245 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to G. parthenice, G. phyllira has a less robust body, deeper pink shade of the hindwing, and the antemedial forewing band is vertical (perpendicular to the anal margin), not perpendicular to the costa as in parthenice." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 245-Habitat 245 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, this species is restricted to prairie sand dune habitat." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 245-TrophicStrategy 245 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Reported from various low-growing plants in eastern North America. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 246-Cyclicity 246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Most common in early to mid July. Flies slightly earlier than G. parthenice. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 246-Distribution 246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland south to Florida, west to Alberta. Absent from the western U.S., although there is one record for Vancouver Island (Ferguson et al., 2000)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 246-GeneralDescription 246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Largest of the Grammia species. Smaller specimens of virgo resemble G. parthenice, but virgo usually has two hindwing median spots, whereas parthenice has one. G. virguncula lacks the transverse bands on the forewing. The hindwing is usually bright pink, but is occasionally lemon yellow." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 246-Habitat 246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Common in clearings and open areas in forest habitats, including cultivated lands." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 246-TrophicStrategy 246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feeds on a variety of low plants, including Buffalo bean (Thermopsis rhombifolia) and plantain (Plantago)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 255-Cyclicity 255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to early July. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 255-Distribution 255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern North America west to B.C., absent from the western U.S. except for eastern Texas (Ferguson et al., 2000)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 255-GeneralDescription 255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Transverse bands greatly reduced or absent (no transverse white markings in the forewing discal cell). Broad, white costal band. The specimen illustrated is a rare variant where the white markings of the forewing and thorax have a pink flush to them." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 255-Habitat 255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Associated with open willow/sedge fens and possibly other open wetlands in the boreal forest. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 255-TrophicStrategy 255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Lactuca sativa, Taraxacum officinale (Handfield, 1999). Probably a variety of low growing plants." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 256-ConservationStatus 256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 256-Cyclicity 256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June - early July. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 256-Distribution 256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widespread throughout most of North America. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 256-GeneralDescription 256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "There are no other species in Alberta with which this one can be confused.
\nRoyal Alberta Museum page" 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 256-Habitat 256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found throughout the southern boreal forest and riparian habitats in the prairies. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 256-TrophicStrategy 256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A wide variety of trees and shrubs, including Acer, Salix, Populus, Betula and Alnus." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 258-ConservationStatus 258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 258-Cyclicity 258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 258-Distribution 258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Across southern Canada. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 258-GeneralDescription 258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to Cycnia tenera Hbn., but C. oregonensis lacks the yellow forewing costa found on C. tenera." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 258-Habitat 258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, this species is found only in the prairie ecoregion." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 258-TrophicStrategy 258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Handfield (1999) lists dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium). 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 259-ConservationStatus 259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread and common. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 259-Cyclicity 259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to early July. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 259-Distribution 259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily a species of eastern North America, this species has apparently expanded its range westward in the last fifty years, since it was not recorded by Bowman (1951)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 259-GeneralDescription 259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The only other species with an orange collar on the thorax and metallic blue abdomen is Cisseps fulvicollis, which has markedly narrower wings and is smaller.
Royal Alberta Museum page" 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 259-Habitat 259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat " Found throughout open, grassy habitats in the aspen parkland and boreal region." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 259-TrophicStrategy 259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Grasses and sedges. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 260-ConservationStatus 260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Widespread, although not common" 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 260-Cyclicity 260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid July to mid August. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 260-Distribution 260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout most of North America, north to Ft. Smith, N.W.T." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 260-GeneralDescription 260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Superficially similar to Ctenucha virginica, but the wings are much narrower, and smaller overall." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 260-Habitat 260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prefers open jack pine uplands in the boreal forest. 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 260-LifeCycle 260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are active by day, and can often by found nectaring at goldenrod (Solidago) flowers. Also attracted to ultraviolet light." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 260-TrophicStrategy 260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Grasses, lichens and Eleocharis (Handfield, 1999)." 10/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 262-ConservationStatus 262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 262-Cyclicity 262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak activity from mid July to early August. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 262-Distribution 262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to Vancouver Island, B.C., south to Florida and New Mexico." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 262-GeneralDescription 262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to G. virgo, but lacking the black spot in the middle of the hindwing. The transverse median band of the forewing is usually broader than in virgo. Parthenice is also slightly smaller overall." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 262-Habitat 262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found throughout the parkland and the mixed boreal forest, especially in open grassy areas." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 262-TrophicStrategy 262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A variety of herbaceous plants including grass, plantain (Plantago spp.), and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 263-ConservationStatus 263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Although there is some variation in the year-to-year abundance of this species, it is usually common" 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 263-Cyclicity 263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are found primarily from late May to late June. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 263-Distribution 263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The polyphemus is the most widely distributed silkmoth in North America, occuring coast to coast in southern Canada and the U.S., south to Arizona. Known as far north as Zama City in extreme northwestern Alberta." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 263-GeneralDescription 263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "No other species can be confused with this distinctive moth. The tan colouration with the transparent eyespots on the fore- and hindwings are unique. There is some variation in the ground colour of the wings, with some individuals tending to a darker grey-tan and little or no pink band on the outside of the subterminal line.
D. Macaulay image and Royal Alberta Museum page" 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 263-Habitat 263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Deciduous boreal forest in central and northern AB, local in the parkland and prairie river valleys." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 263-LifeCycle 263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinters as a pupa in a large, silken cocoon. Although the oval-shaped cocoons usually fall to the ground with the host plant leaves they are wrapped in, they can occasionally be found in the winter still attached to the host plant by a small amount of silk thread. These moths typically rest suspended from a branch or twig during the day, with their wings folded above their back. The undersides of the wings are surprisingly cryptic for such a large moth. If these moths are disturbed when at rest, they often drop to the ground, and flap their wings once giving the appearance of a sudden 'jump'. With the eyespots exposed, this makes an impressive display which may startle potential predators. Polyphemus was a giant cyclops in greek mythology, and the polyphemus moth presumably received its name to reflect the large eyespots on its wings." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 263-TrophicStrategy 263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "McGugan (1958) reports larval collections from 26 different trees and shrubs, but over half of the records were obtained from White Birch (Betula papyrifera). Larvae also feed on Trembling Aspen, Red Osier Dogwood, and occasionally Pin- and Choke Cherry, Hawthorn, and Serviceberry. Other confirmed host plants in AB are willows (Salix bebbiana and Salix discolor)." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 264-ConservationStatus 264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species is declining in parts of its range, and has not been recorded in AB in recent decades." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 264-Cyclicity 264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to early July. Adults are active from about 3:00 AM until sunrise. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 264-Distribution 264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Confirmed records of H. cecropia for Alberta are restricted to the southeastern part of the province, from the Lloydminster area southwest to Taber. A report of this species for Beaverlodge in the Peace River Parkland by Bowman (1951) appears to be erroneous. At the northwestern edge of its' range in Alberta, occuring east to Nova Scotia and south to Florida and Mexico." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 264-GeneralDescription 264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to Glover's Silkmoth, but the Cecropia Silkmoth can be distinguished by the presence of a red distal border to the white postmedian band. Slightly larger than other members of the genus Hyalophora, this species has the largest wing area of any lepidopteran in North America." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 264-Habitat 264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Shelter belts and riparian areas where Manitoba maple grows in the southeastern prairie region. 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 264-LifeCycle 264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species overwinters as a pupa in large (80mm long) cocoons attached to shrubs and small trees, generally within three feet of the ground (Peterson & Worden 1962). Cocoons can be distinguished from those of H. columbia gloveri by their construction, which is tapered at both ends in cecropia and teardrop-shaped in gloveri.\nThe Cecropia silkmoth should be looked for in Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo) groves along creek and river valley bottoms. Native stands of Manitoba Maple are found along the Red Deer river between Dinosaur Provincial Park and the AB/SK border, and the South Saskatchewan river between Medicine Hat and the AB/SK border (Spalding 1980). \n" 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 264-TrophicStrategy 264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are known to feed on a variety of trees and shrubs, but have a strong preference for Manitoba Maple in the prairie provinces. This tree is commonly cultivated for shelter belts in agricultural areas, and McGugan (1958) states cecropia larvae can cause severe defoliation.Other hosts include Caragana, Green Ash, White Elm, apple, willow, White Birch, Trembling Aspen, Lilac (an introduced ornamental), Prunus spp., maple, hawthorn, sumac, currant and alder. Adults do not feed." 10/11/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 320-ConservationStatus 320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very uncommon. 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 320-Cyclicity 320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 320-Distribution 320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "These beetles are found sporadically from central B.C. through Rocky Mountains, south to Mexico. In Alberta a few beetles have been taken in the southern mountain/ foothill region." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 320-GeneralDescription 320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The beetles are often brilliant green to blue with cupreous banding along the elytral suture and lateral margins superficially resembling B. aurulenta. This species differs from B. aurulenta in the presence of closely spaced elytral costae (ridges, 6 or more). Structure of the male genitalia are also diagnostic. The beetles range from 14.4 to 19.4 mm with a mean length of 17.4 mm. (n=7)" 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 320-Habitat 320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane lodgepole pine forests. 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 320-LifeCycle 320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very little is known. 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 320-TrophicStrategy 320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The reported host is lodgepole pine, however, one Alberta specimen was collected in association with white spruce. It is likely that a wide range of conifers are used as hosts, notably pines." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 321-ConservationStatus 321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Widespread, sporadic." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 321-Cyclicity 321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June through early August. 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 321-Distribution 321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The beetle is found from the North West Territories east to the Maritimes and south into the Eastern United States. In Alberta it is found in the northern boreal forest and an isolated population in the Cypress Hills. 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 321-GeneralDescription 321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Beetles of B. maculativentris are dark with a bronzed lustre. on the elytra, a slight depression exists 1/4 to 1/2 the distance from the apex. Slight transverse wrinkle marks, occur in the depression. No yellow markings are present on the elytra. The last 4 abdominal sterna are usually maculated with orange spots. This species is easily confused with B. lyrata but may be distinguished by its smaller average size. Immaculate beetles of B. nutalli are very similar, but have lateral maculations on all abdominal sterna. Beetles of B. maculativentris from 13 to 20 mm." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 321-Habitat 321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal conifer forests. 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 321-LifeCycle 321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very little is known of this beetles life history. 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 321-TrophicStrategy 321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In eastern Canada recorded from Fraser fir, various pines and white spruce. In Alberta the beetle has been associated with white spruce." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 339-ConservationStatus 339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Widespread, or locally common with the potential of causing major damage to cut trees and lumber." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 339-Cyclicity 339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, adults are known from July 2 through September 3." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 339-Distribution 339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The species is found from Mexico north to central B.C. in the mountains with populations in the boreal forest of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Alberta records are primarily in the foothill and mountain forests (lodgepole pine zone). 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 339-GeneralDescription 339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males tend to be brilliant green, sometimes with coppery over tones, with large yellow paired spots (2, 4 or 6) on their elytra. Females differ in usually lacking spots, or with a pair of small spots on their brilliant green elytra. The beetles are of moderate size with females ranging from 13 to 19 mm. with a mean of 15.5 mm (n=21) and males 14.5 to 15.0 mm (n=2)" 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 339-Habitat 339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Conifer forests of the boreal, montane and subalpine regions." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 339-LifeCycle 339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Little is known of their life history. Females are seldom found in association with the males. They are frequently captured while trying to oviposit on logs. Males, rarely collected, may be found on the foliage of willow, alders and poplars near where the females are ovipositing. The sister species B. fasciata (Fabricius) is reported breeding in maple and poplar. It is interesting to speculate that there has been a host shift with B. langi in that development is now in conifers but the mating sites are still associated with hardwoods. Prolonged larval development has been reported for this species with emergence from flooring, siding and pilings." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 339-TrophicStrategy 339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae have been reported in Douglas Fir. Other hosts are ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine and white spruce.. In Alberta adult females are often associated with lodgepole pine." 10/16/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 358-ConservationStatus 358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively uncommon. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 358-Cyclicity 358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are active from late June through August. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 358-Distribution 358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is reported from Quebec west to British Columbia and south to Texas and California. In Alberta it is sporadically found in the southern half of the province. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 358-GeneralDescription 358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is perhaps the easiest to identify of any in the genus. The fine yellow specks irregularly scattered over the elytra are not found on any other species. The yellow flecks may be widely separated to almost confluent. The head and pronotum are usually a solid metallic green. the background colour of the elytra is brilliant green through coppery brown and occasionally purplely blue. The beetles range in length from 12 to 20 mm, with males about 14.2 mm and females about 17 mm." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 358-Habitat 358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults may be found basking on piles of drift logs along rivers. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 358-LifeCycle 358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Little is known. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 358-TrophicStrategy 358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The beetles have been reported from aspen and cottonwood (Populus deltoides). In Alberta the beetles have been associated with balsam poplar (P. balsamifera) and cottonwood (Populus deltoides) drift logs. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 360-ConservationStatus 360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. Alberta is at the extreme eastern edge of its range in Canada. 10/17/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 360-Cyclicity 360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in July. 10/17/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 360-Distribution 360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to eastern Alberta, south to Florida and Texas. One Alberta record, from the aspen parklands zone near Wainwright." 10/17/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 360-GeneralDescription 360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.5-4.0 cm. wingspan) white moth with the forewing etched with fine black zig-zag lines. The orbicular is large and ringed with black, and the reniform is a small black-ringed oval. There is some faint, dark olive or grey shading across the forewing, mainly in the antemedian and subterminal areas. The hindwing is white with some dark scaling on the veins and along the outer margin. The antennae is bipectinate on basal 2/3 and simple for the remainder. They are similar to the closely related Kitten Moths (Furcula sp.), except the Furcula sp. have a broad dark median band on the forewing. The exception, the Grey Kitten, lacks the fine black cross lines of the Black-etched Prominent. Canadian specimens are darker than those from further south, and have been named subspecies multiscripta." 10/17/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 360-Habitat 360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland. 10/17/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 360-TrophicStrategy 360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to use Poplars (Populus), cherry (Prunus) and willows (Salix)." 10/17/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 461-ConservationStatus 461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 461-Cyclicity 461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults late May to August and larvae June through August. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 461-Distribution 461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to BC, south to Florida, Texas and Utah. Found throughout Alberta, from the Precambrian Shield north of Lake Athabasca to the river valleys of the arid plains." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 461-GeneralDescription 461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.4-3.5 cm wingspan) maroon and purple-grey moth, with pale greenish patches in fresh specimens. The pale green or whitish basal area bordered by a doubled black antemedian line on the forewing is diagnostic. The reniform spot is a prominent thin vertical black bar, and there are usually two small white wedges on the lower edge of the forewing margin, a black sub-apical mark on the costa, and small black spots or wedges in the subterminal area. The hindwing is dirty white shaded with grey in males, darker grey in females. The male antennae are moderately pectinate to the mid-point, then abruptly simple. The most common and widespread member of the genus. \nSee also Schizura leptinoides and S. ipomoeae.\n" 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 461-Habitat 461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland and shrub. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 461-LifeCycle 461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults have a very extended emergence, or perhaps overlapping broods, beginning in late May. Larvae appear in late June and both stages can be found until August, larvae into September. The larvae are solitary defoliators of a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs. They overwinter as pupae. The caterpillars in this genus are unusual in that they can eject a stream of formic acid for up to several inches from a gland in the hump." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 461-TrophicStrategy 461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data available. Elsewhere reported to utilize a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs. Canadian records (Prentice et al, 1962) show a strong preference for white birch (Betula papyrifera) and willows (Salix sp.)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 278-ConservationStatus 278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 278-Cyclicity 278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing May - August. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 278-Distribution 278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west across southern Canada to southern Vancouver Island, south to Texas, Arizona and California. In Alberta, collected north to the northern Peace River district." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 278-GeneralDescription 278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-3.8 cm wingspan) rusty orange moth with darker lines and bands. The hindwing is pale yellow with a dark discal crescent and a wide dark blackish brown margin and pale fringe. P. adela is very similar and may also occur in southern Alberta. It is less contrasting (has fewer and less prominent dark markings), and has a less well-defined terminal band on the hindwing which is a dull red or crimson, not blackish. Formerly treated as a subspecies of the Palearctic P. umbra, but now recognized as being one of two similar Holarctic species." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 278-Habitat 278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open wooded areas and edges, from bogs to urban backyards" 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 278-LifeCycle 278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "AAdults are nocturnal and come to light. Like other species of the genus, they apparently use a wide range of hosts, and prefer the buds, flowers and developing seeds, although they will also eat foliage. They may be at least partially double-brooded, with adults appearing in May, and again in late July and August." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 278-TrophicStrategy 278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported from Polygonum, Desmodium, walnut, Delphinium sp., Balsam poplar, Trembling aspen, willow, plum, rose, sweetfern, and others. Also reported as a pest on Delphinium in the Ottawa area." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 279-ConservationStatus 279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns at present. Dependant upon stands of sagebrush. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 279-Cyclicity 279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in August. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 279-Distribution 279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The dry southern portions of Saskatchewan, Alberta and BC, south across the plains and Great Basin to southern Arizona and California. In Alberta it has ben collected north to Dinosaur Provincial Park on the Red Deer River." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 279-GeneralDescription 279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5-2.7 cm wingspan) delicate moth. The normal form is a red-brown and/or olive-brown and white moth. The forewing has a large, dark diamond-shaped basal patch, and a similarly colored triangular patch on the costa near the apex and with an oblong patch below that, between the postmedial and subterminal lines. The median and terminal areas are paler brown, separated from the dark areas by white scales. The reniform is a large, blurry grey patch. The hindwing is white, with a broad pale brown terminal band and a large dark discal mark. The forwing fringe is checkered. Both sexes are similar, but the female is a bit darker. Some specimens are almost \nimmaculate creamy white, with only a few dark scales where the normal pattern would be. \nBoth forms have been collected at Dinosaur Provicial Park." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 279-Habitat 279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sagebrush grasslands. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 279-LifeCycle 279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. They are closely associated with the host plant, and are on the wing in late summer when the sagebrush is in blossom. Like other members of the family, the eggs are laid in the flower buds and the larvae feed on the bud, flower and developing seeds." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 279-TrophicStrategy 279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta records. Elsewhere sagebrush, including Artemisia tridentata and A. nova. In Alberta, associated with and undoubtedly utilizing A. cana." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 280-ConservationStatus 280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 280-Cyclicity 280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults fly from mid July through mid August. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 280-Distribution 280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Saskatchewan, Alberta and BC, south to Arizona and New Mexico. Silver-banded Gems are widespread in southern Alberta, north to Edmonton and Nordegg, and have recently been discovered in the Peace River district." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 280-GeneralDescription 280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.4-2.7 cm. wingspan) shining white moth with olive and grey markings. The forewing has a thick, bent antemedial line, a wide subterminal line which bends outward to the anal angle, and a wide terminal band which breaks down into a series of large spots near the bottom. The reniform is an indistinct dark patch showing through from the underside. The hindwing has a large dark discal mark and a narrow terminal band. The fringes are white except for a short space near the forewing apex, which when viewed against a light background gives the illusion that the wing is acutely pointed. The sexes are similar.\n" 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 280-Habitat 280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry native grassland; native pasture. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 280-LifeCycle 280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Silver-banded Gem is nocturnal and comes to light. The life history is apparently poorly known, and the immature stages remain undescribed." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 280-TrophicStrategy 280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A few years ago, in Alberta, I observed a female of cumatilis ovipositing in the blossoms of the Prairie Wool, Artemesia frigida Willdenow. (Hardwick, 1996). All members of the genus Schinia feed on the flowering parts and developing seeds of their respective hosts. They tend to be very host specific, feeding on a single species or a very few closely related genera." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 281-ConservationStatus 281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. Uncommon and local 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 281-Cyclicity 281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in July in Alberta. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 281-Distribution 281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to central Alberta, south to North Carolina in the east and California in the west. In Alberta it has been found north to the Edmonton-Redwater region." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 281-GeneralDescription 281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This strikingly beautiful moth cannot be mistaken. The combination of pink forewing with a broad yellow terminal band, a yellow thorax and abdomen, and immaculate shining white hindwing is unique among our moths. Wingspan (2.8 -3.5 cm.). Both sexes are similar." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 281-Habitat 281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas, clearings and edges with light soils. Associated with the host plant, evening primrose." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 281-LifeCycle 281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to lights. During the day they may be found resting on the flower stalks of the host, or occasionally inside the closed flower. Eggs are laid on the flower buds, and the larvae consume the buds rather than the foliage." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 281-TrophicStrategy 281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere species of Evening Primrose (Oenothera sp.), also reported on Gaura." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 282-ConservationStatus 282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 282-Cyclicity 282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late June to mid August. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 282-Distribution 282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Illinois west across southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, south to Florida, Texas, Arizona and south into Mexico. In Alberta, recorded north to Dinosaur Provincial Park." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 282-GeneralDescription 282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Unmistakable. A medium-size (3.0-3.2 cm wingspan) moth with a pale yellow or cream forewing with the basal area, the postmedial and terminal areas are bright pink. The hindwing is shining white, with a touch of pink on the margin at the apex. Both sexes are similar." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 282-Habitat 282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry grasslands in association with the host, Gaura." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 282-LifeCycle 282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are apparently mainly nocturnal and come to lights, but are also diurnal, especially at high population densities. At such times they may be found flying around the blossoms of Gaura in the late afternoon. The larvae, which feed exposed on the flowers of the host, are brightly colored yellow, black and whitish and greatly resemble small specimens of the Monarch butterfly." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 282-TrophicStrategy 282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere the flowering parts of Gaura species, including G. biennis, parviflora and sinuata." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 283-ConservationStatus 283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status There is a single Alberta record; globally secure.. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 283-Cyclicity 283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta data is a specimen collected July 14. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 283-Distribution 283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution In the mountains from extreme southwestern Alberta and southern BC south to Colorado and California. In Alberta known only from the Castle River just south of Beaver Mines. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 283-GeneralDescription 283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5-2.6 cm wingspan) black-and white day-flying moth. The forewing is white with a thick, rounded black basal streak, prominent large black reniform and orbicular spots, a wide black subterminal line with waved margins and a thin black terminal line. The hindwing has a black basal area joined with a large, black crescent discal spot and a wide black margin with a white spot near the anal angle, divided into 3 segments by the dark veins. Honesta has the same pattern as the prairie S. verna, but verna has an olive and reddish brown forewing whereas honesta is black. See also Heliothis borealis." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 283-Habitat 283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Meadows, roadsides and other open areas in the mountains." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 283-LifeCycle 283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Other than the fact this species is found in the mountains, little of it's life history is known. At least some individuals are diurnal. The immature stages are unknown.\n" 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 283-TrophicStrategy 283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Apparently not known. The closely related S. verna utilizes pussytoes (Antennaria sp.). 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 284-ConservationStatus 284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No obvious concerns, but data is limited." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 284-Cyclicity 284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta dates are for late June through July. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 284-Distribution 284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution From Mexico City north across the Great Plains to southern Saskatchewan and Alberta; and from Florida and Illinois in the east to Arizona. In Alberta it has been recorded north to Olds. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 284-GeneralDescription 284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Unmistakable. A fairly small (3 cm wingspan) moth with two-tone light and dark brown forewing and yellow-orange hindwing. The light brown forewing has a large pointed basal patch and a wide subterminal line of darker brown, sharply delineated. The yellow-orange hindwing has a prominent black discal bar and a wide black terminal band. There is a pale orange patch at the anal angle and an orange fringe. Both sexes are similar." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 284-Habitat 284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The host plant is found on native grassland with light soils. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 284-LifeCycle 284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Nocturnal or primarily so; comes to light. Eggs are laid in the bud cluster or more often in the sepal cup of the host, even after the petals have fallen. The larvae feed mainly on the developing seed pods." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 284-TrophicStrategy 284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Various Psoralea sp., including P. tenuiflora and P. rhombifolia." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 285-ConservationStatus 285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 285-Cyclicity 285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late June and July. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 285-Distribution 285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "South central Saskatchewan and central Alberta west to south central Washington, south to Arizona and New Mexico. In Alberta, reported north to Edmonton." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 285-GeneralDescription 285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description A small (2.4 cm. wingspan) moth with a mottled olive-green and white forewing with a checkered fringe. The hindwing is black with a large black discal crescent in a wide white median band and with a wide white fringe. The olive green color will separate meadi from the other Flower Moths. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 285-Habitat 285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry native prairie grasslands. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 285-LifeCycle 285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Mead's Flower Moth appears to be mainly nocturnal and comes to light, although an occasional specimen has also been found actively nectaring during the afternoon. Little additional information is available for this pretty little moth, and the early stages are unknown." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 285-TrophicStrategy 285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The only data are from a museum specimen from Colorado (?) labeled as reared from Scurf Pea (Psoralea sp.) (C. Harp, in lit.)." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 580-ConservationStatus 580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Conservation: Although widespread, it appears to be very uncommon." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 580-Cyclicity 580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in June. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 580-Distribution 580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in eastern North America, from the maritimes west to central Alberta. In Alberta it has been found along the southern edge of the boreal forest and in the aspen parkland region." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 580-GeneralDescription 580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (5.6-8.0 cm. wingspan) narrow-winged, heavy-bodied moth. The male has pale brown forewings shading to dark brown along the costa and blackish on the outer edge and along the lower margin. The hindwing is pale yellow with a broad black terminal band and a white fringe. The light brown abdomen contrasts sharply with the black thorax. The female is darker and less contrasting, with the forewing dark grey-brown shading to even darker brown on the margins. The hindwing is a light brown with a broad black terminal band and white fringe. The reniform spot in both sexes may be marked by a small white dot." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 580-Habitat 580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clearings, edges and meadows in wooded areas." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 580-LifeCycle 580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This large sphinx is unusual for several reasons. It is one of the few species of the genus Sphinx that shows significant sexual dimorphism. Also, the males in particular are apparently mainly diurnal and have been collected while nectaring at flowers, including lilacs and dandelion. Females appear to be active in the evening and at night, and have been collected only at lights. Clemens' Sphinx have also been observed visiting and apparently obtaining nourishment from dead, decaying fish, and this behavior has been observed along the North Saskatchewan River here in Alberta. \n\n" 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 580-TrophicStrategy 580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta ata. Elsewhere reported to use a variety of trees and shrubs as larval hosts, including apple, ash, birch, northern bayberry, poplar, wax-myrtle, willow, and others (McGuggan, 1958; Covell, 1984; Handfield, 1999)." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 581-Cyclicity 581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in late May and June. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 581-Distribution 581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Nova Scotia and New York west across Canada to the interior of British Columbia, south to Montana, Virginia and Tennessee. Probably throughout most of Alberta. It has been collected from the Cypress Hills and Lethbridge, and north along the foothills and mountains to Jasper, and across the southern Boreal forest and Aspen Parklands regions." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 581-GeneralDescription 581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.2-3.0 cm. wingspan) delicate moth. The forewings are powdery light grey, crossed by a darker narrow antemedian and postmedian lines, the latter curving outward in a semicircle on the upper half. The subterminal line is a series of dark dots or small wedges, with pale scales on the outer edges. The reniform is a small patch of dark scales. The hindwings are similar, with faint antemedian and postmedian bands. The antennae lack the notch found before the slight tuft in Zanclognatha species, and have a large fan-like tuft on the foreleg tibia." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 581-Habitat 581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic wooded areas, bogs and swampy areas." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 581-LifeCycle 581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 581-TrophicStrategy 581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Prentice (1962) lists a single collection from Tamarack (Larix). However, this is an unusual record, as most Hermininae (as well as the closely related C. morbidalis) all feed on dead leaves, lichens or fungi." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 582-ConservationStatus 582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species. No concerns. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 582-Cyclicity 582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected from mid-June through late August. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 582-Distribution 582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout much of eastern North America, west to at least western Alberta. In Alberta, found from the wooded areas along the Milk River north to Lake Athabasca, and into the foothills and lower elevations of the mountains. Unlike Idia sp. nr. aemula, aemula occurs widely through the Aspen parkland and grasslands regions. Distribution records published prior to about 1990 may refer to either aemula and sp. nr. aemula in areas where there are conifers." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 582-GeneralDescription 582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.0-3.0 cm. wingspan) brown broad-winged moth. The forewings are crossed by thin, jagged black lines, and the reniform is marked by a conspicuous pale orange or yellow spot. The hingwings are almost as dark as the forewings in tone, and are crossed by a series of indistinct narrow lines. Darker specimens of Idia sp. nr. aemula can be very difficult to separate from aemula. The lack of significant contrast in shade between the hindwings and forewings in aemula will separate most specimens from Idia sp. nr. aemula." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 582-Habitat 582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded areas. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 582-LifeCycle 582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Like the other species of Idia in Alberta, aemula can be collected at both lights and sugar baits. They are found in wooded areas, where the larvae feed on dead, decaying leaves on the woodland floor. There are also old reports of the larvae causing damage to corn fodder. Reports of aemula feeding on living coniferous needles (Prentice, 1962) refer to misidentified Idia sp. nr. aemula." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 582-TrophicStrategy 582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to feed on fallen dead and decaying leaves. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 601-ConservationStatus 601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species; no concerns." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 601-Cyclicity 601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from the latter half of May through mid September. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 601-Distribution 601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout much of North America, from Florida to Vancouver Island. In Alberta it is found from the wooded valleys of the plains (Milk River valley) to the northern border (Zama and the north shore of Lake Athabasca), and especially common in the Aspen parklands and southern Boreal forest regions." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 601-GeneralDescription 601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2-3 cm. wingspan), broad-winged and rather delicate moth. The forewings are light blue-grey and brown, marked with fine black jagged cross lines. The lines thicken where they meet the costa, forming a series of three prominent black spots. The reniform spot is usually filled with yellowish or orange scales. Three parallel lines partially cross the hindwings. Specimens from cooler and more mesic environments in the mountains and northern areas may be dusky and have the makings ""blurred"". Specimens from the more xeric areas of the southern boreal forest south tend to be larger, paler, and more crisply marked. Both sexes are similar. They may be mistaken for a small geometrid moth." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 601-Habitat 601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded areas. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 601-LifeCycle 601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are noctural and come readily to light as well as to sugar bait. The adult flight period is unusually extended, from spring through fall. They either emerges continuously or in several overlapping broods." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 601-TrophicStrategy 601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere larvae are reported to feed on fungus, dead (molding?) leaves and other detritus, often in ant or bird's nests." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 621-ConservationStatus 621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon but widespread; no concerns. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 621-Cyclicity 621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta in July and August. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 621-Distribution 621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada, west across central Saskatchewan and Alberta to southwestern BC, south.In Alberta, lubricalis has been collected in dry habitats south of the boreal forest, south to Scandia and Dinosaur Provincial Park." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 621-GeneralDescription 621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.4-3.2 cm. wingspan) dull blackish brown with a glossy sheen. Both the forewings and the hindwings are crossed by a series of ill-defined jagged whitish lines. The hindwings are only slightly paler brown than the forewings, and are crossed by the same pale lines. The much larger, paler and broader-winged Idia occidentalis was until recently treated as a subspecies of lubricalis." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 621-Habitat 621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry shrubby and wooded areas; badlands shrub. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 621-LifeCycle 621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults come to both lights and sugar baits. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 621-TrophicStrategy 621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like other members of the genus, they feed on fungi and decaying plant material rather than on living vascular plant tissue." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 661-ConservationStatus 661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 661-Cyclicity 661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in June and July. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 661-Distribution 661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern North America, west across Canada to central Saskatchewan and central Alberta. In Alberta it has been collected along the southern part of the Boreal forest, west to Edmonton." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 661-GeneralDescription 661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.1-2.5 cm. wingspan) delicate pale tan or grey-brown moth. The forewings are crossed by several poorly defined bands, with the subterminal widest and darkest. The upper half of the outer margin of the forewings is slightly excavated, and the apex comes to a small point as a result. The orbicular is indicated by a few dark scales. The reniform is a small dark dot, with a second similar dot mirroring it just below. The hindwings are slightly paler with indistinct bands. Both fore and hindwings have a thin, dark terminal line. Both sexes are similar, but the male antennae have sparse long bristles while the females are simple. The two small dots at the reniform are the best identification mark. This moth superficially looks more like a small geometrid than a noctuid." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 661-Habitat 661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Damp wooded areas. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 661-LifeCycle 661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Little information available. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 661-TrophicStrategy 661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are reported to feed on wilted or dead leaves, and on leaves black with decay." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 662-ConservationStatus 662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species appears to be very uncommon in Alberta, where it is at the northern extremity of its range." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 662-Cyclicity 662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been captured from late June through early August. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 662-Distribution 662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This odd noctuid moth appears to be a species of the Great Basin and northern Great Plains. It occurs from at least California north and east across Montana to southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. In Alberta it has been collected north to Lethbridge and the Chauvin sandhills, east of Wainwright." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 662-GeneralDescription 662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-3.9 cm. wingspan) broad-winged pale tan (almost white) moth. There are no markings on the wings, hence the name. This moth looks more like a geometrid than a noctuid." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 662-Habitat 662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid and eroding badlands and native grassland slopes. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 662-LifeCycle 662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Other than the fact that adults are nocturnal and come to light, no information is available." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 663-ConservationStatus 663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 663-Cyclicity 663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults on the wing July and August. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 663-Distribution 663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec (?) west to southeastern British Columbia. In Alberta, it has been collected in theAspen parklands and southern Boreal forest." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 663-GeneralDescription 663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Currently not available. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 663-Habitat 663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded areas. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 663-LifeCycle 663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Few data available. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 663-TrophicStrategy 663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Possibly dead leaves like other members of the genus. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 681-ConservationStatus 681 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Apparently rare at the NW edge of its range in Alberta, but is widespread and common, elsewhere." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 681-Cyclicity 681 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One record, for an adult in early September." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 681-Distribution 681 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in eastern North America, from Nova Scotia south to Florida and Mississippi, west to Alberta and Kansas. It has been collected in Alberta in the aspen parklands and northern part of the grasslands region." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 681-GeneralDescription 681 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.4-3.0 cm. wingspan) delicate broad-winged moth. The wings are light grey to tan with fine dark brown lines. The antemedian line bends sharply inward near the costa. The postmedian line bends outward half way up the wing, and then turns abruptly inward halfway to the costa. The subterminal line is straight, and stops just short of the wing tip. There is also a very thin terminal line along both wings. The hindwings are slightly paler, with a single weak line across the outer third." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 681-Habitat 681 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded areas. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 681-LifeCycle 681 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Little data is available. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 681-TrophicStrategy 681 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to feed on dead leaves, including those of soybeans." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 439-ConservationStatus 439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread moth. No concerns." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 439-Cyclicity 439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from mid May through mid July. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 439-Distribution 439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout much of North America, from the Gulf States north into the Boreal forest region across Canada. In Alberta, it occurs in cottonwood stands along the rivers of the plains (occidentalis ?) north into the boreal forest at least to Ft. McMurray, and west into the mountains at low elevations." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 439-GeneralDescription 439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A very large moth (10.0-12.0 cm. wingspan) with long, narrow forewings banded with light and dark grey-brown and a maroon hindwing with a blue-black blotch in the anal angle. Nearly impossible to mistake for any other Alberta moth. Very pale specimens from southern Alberta have been called Pachysphinx occidentalis. P. occidentalis is a much lighter tan moth with more extensive maroon shading on the hindwing. However, Alberta specimens appear to grade from pale to dark forms, and all Alberta Pachysphinx are treated here as modesta, pending further study." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 439-Habitat 439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open mature poplar forest or mixedwood forest with poplar. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 439-LifeCycle 439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adult Big Poplar sphinx are nocturnal, and come readily to light. The large green larvae are reputed to be the largest insect in Alberta, based on weight. The larval stage extends from mid-July to September, and they overwinter in the ground as pupae." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 439-TrophicStrategy 439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere poplars, and in particular aspen poplar. There are also single reports from willow and birch, but these should be confirmed." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 462-ConservationStatus 462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Although suitable habitat and hosts are abundant, this moth appears to be uncommon in Alberta." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 462-Cyclicity 462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from late May to early July. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 462-Distribution 462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Nova Scotia west across southern Canada to extreme southeastern BC (Wasa), south to Maine and New York. In Alberta found in the southern boreal mixedwood forest and aspen parklands." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 462-GeneralDescription 462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.5-3.0 cm wingspan) stubby-winged dusky brown moth with lighter oblique lines crossing the forewings and a straw yellow blotch near the apex. Hindwings the same color as forewings, but unmarked. The antennae are bipectinate and both sexes are similar. Similar to other Clostera species, in particular C. apicalis, but with a more mottled appearance. The pale yellow or gold patch near the apex separates strigosa from other Clostera species." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 462-Habitat 462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Poplar and mixedwood forest. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 462-LifeCycle 462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is one annual brood, which emerges in late spring. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. Unlike other members of the genus, strigosa is uncommon and usually only one or two specimens are collected in a season." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 462-TrophicStrategy 462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to feed on aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides) (Forbes, 1948)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 478-ConservationStatus 478 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Alberta is at the northern edge of the range of anguina, and here it is rarely encountered." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 478-Cyclicity 478 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been captured in late June and July. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 478-Distribution 478 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From the Atlantic west to the Rocky Mountains, south to Florida, Texas and Colorado. In Alberta it has been collected in the southern part of the province, from Lost River to Lethbridge." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 478-GeneralDescription 478 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.0-4.1 cm. wingspan) relatively long-winged moth. Forewings dark grey-brown with horizontal black streaking in the male, shaded with yellow-brown in the female. There is a small pale patch with a black pupil marking the lower edge of the reniform. The lower part of postmedian line is sharp and rounded, with a black oval spot often joined with a second smaller one above, in the terminal area near anal angle. Male hindwings pale, slightly darker near outer edge; dark grey in the female. Male antennae bipectinate for about 2/3 of the length and then simple for the remainder. Female antennae are simple." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 478-Habitat 478 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid native grassland and badlands in the valleys of the plains. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 478-LifeCycle 478 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is apparently a single brood. Unlike most members of the family, which feed on trees and woody shrubs, the Black-spotted Prominent will use herbs in the Pea family, and in Alberta can be found in areas devoid of trees or shrubs." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 478-TrophicStrategy 478 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to use legumes including clovers (Trifolium sp.), Lespedeza, locust, and wild indigo (Baptesia)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 498-ConservationStatus 498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Very uncommon in Alberta, at the northwestern edge of their range." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 498-Cyclicity 498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The adults are on the wing in late May-early June. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 498-Distribution 498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found across much of the wooded portions of southern Canada, from Nova Scotia west to east central Alberta (Lac la Biche), south to New York." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 498-GeneralDescription 498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-4.0 cm. wingspans) grey and grey-brown moth. The forewing is obscurely banded, with a small yellow-gold spot near the wing base and another at the reniform. The hindwing is dark brown. Most easily confused with G. lintneri, which is paler, especially on the hindwings, and which lacks the gold spots on the forewings. The antennae are pectinate (broadly in male, narrowly in female). The three large species of Gluphisia can also be separated by male genitalic characters, notably the shape of the juxta, transtilla and uncus. In avimacula, the uncus is moderately excavated, the lobes broadly acute, the lobes of the transtilla are long and acute, the juxta broad and widely excavated with the lobes narrow and rounded." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 498-Habitat 498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Poplar and mixedwood forest with poplar. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 498-LifeCycle 498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Avimacula Pebble emerges from the pupae in the spring a week or two after Lintner's Pebble. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators, and they overwinter as pupae. There is a single brood annually." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 498-TrophicStrategy 498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No data. However, most likely a poplar feeder like the other members of the genus." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 761-ConservationStatus 761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 10/25/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 761-Cyclicity 761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Most adults have been collected in May and June, with fewer in April and July." 10/25/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 761-Distribution 761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Found in the western half of United States and southern regions of western Canada. In Alberta this species has only been collected in the southeast region. 10/25/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 761-GeneralDescription 761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species, in the subgenus Callisthenes, has completely reduced hind wings and quadrate metepisternum. Deep black, seldom with bluish lustre on sides. Prothorax rather flat, strongly narrowed basally, with backwards protruding, little rounded hind angles. Elytral sculpture with transverse lines at least as strong as the striae, together producing a system of more or less convex, slightly rounded tegulae which are arranged in more or less regular rows and becoming smaller, granulate towards the apex. Length 13 to 21.5 mm." 10/25/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 761-Habitat 761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A xerophilus beetle, usually occurring in complete forest-free areas, particularly on sandy prairie." 10/25/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 761-LifeCycle 761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Teneral adults observed in July and August; overwintering apparently occurs in the adult stage. 10/25/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 761-TrophicStrategy 761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory, particularly in the larval stage, specializing upon caterpillars and pupae of Lepidoptera." 10/25/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 801-ConservationStatus 801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 11/2/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 801-Cyclicity 801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults are on the wing from mid-July through August. 11/2/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 801-Distribution 801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily eastern, from Nova Scotia west to central Alberta, south to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. In Alberta it occurs across the parklands and the settled areas along the southern edge of the Boreal forest, north and east to just north of Edmonton. It has not been collected in the valleys of the grasslands region, but is present in the Cypress Hills." 11/2/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 801-GeneralDescription 801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size ( 4.2-5.0 cm wingspan) moth with light and dark grey mottled forewings and bright yellow-orange hindwings. The forewings have a short black basal streak, a prominent black antemedial line and a thin black postmedian line, which bends outward in two long teeth near the apex. These two cross lines are bordered by patches of light brown, and are joined (or nearly so) by a black streak in the fold. The area on the upper half of the forewings between the reniform and the antemedial line is much paler grey, almost white. The hindwings are a bright deep yellow-orange. The rather narrow black median band turns inward and connects with a black streak from the wingbase, forming a long loop. The terminal black band is thicker, but is usually broken on the lower edge of the wing, creating a separate spot at the anal angle. The hindwing fringe is orange. The antennae are simple, and the sexes are alike. The only other yellow-orange underwing known from Alberta is the smaller and much less common Praeclara underwing. The forewings of praeclara are darker grey, without the brown scales and contrasts of blandula." 11/2/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 801-Habitat 801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry shrub stands, shrubby woodland edges, urban and farmyard ornamental plantings, etc." 11/2/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 801-LifeCycle 801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults come to both light and sugar baits, but like all Underwing moths are usually much more common at bait. The Charming underwing is one of the earliest underwings to appear on the wing, in mid July. Larvae are solitary defoliators, and the egg is the overwintering stage." 11/2/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 801-TrophicStrategy 801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere Apple (Malus sp.), hawthorns (Crataegus sp.), and Saskatoon (Amelanchier sp.) (all Rosaceae)." 11/2/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 500-ConservationStatus 500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species. No concerns." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 500-Cyclicity 500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from late May through early September. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 500-Distribution 500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Nova Scotia west to Vancouver Island, north to Hudson's Bay, south to Georgia and California. Found throughout Alberta wherever poplars occur, from the river valleys of the arid plains north through the Boreal forest, and into the mountains." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 500-GeneralDescription 500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small to medium-sized (2.5-3.3 cm. wingspan) round-winged dark grey and brown moth. The normal lines are darker and somewhat diffuse, with the antemedian line straight and the postmedian line concave in two waves. The basal and median areas have yellowish or buff shading and few to many raised black scales (these scales absent in all other Gluphisia sp.). The hindwings are dark like the forewings. The male antennae are broadly pectinate, narrowly so in female. All other Gluphisia sp. fly only in spring, and are significantly larger. Specimens from the boreal forest and parklands are darker and contrasting; those from the valleys of the arid plains are much paler and less contrasting." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 500-Habitat 500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Poplar forest and mixedwood forest with poplar. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 500-LifeCycle 500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators. They overwinter as pupae. There is either a staggered extended emergence, or two overlapping broods." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 500-TrophicStrategy 500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No specific Alberta data available; elsewhere in Canada poplars (Populus sp.), in particular Trembling aspen (P. tremuloides) and Balsam poplar (P. balsamifera)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 501-ConservationStatus 501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Extralimital. No concerns. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 501-Cyclicity 501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, one record of an adult in June." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 501-Distribution 501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout much of eastern North America, north into southern Canada. It is rare (accidental ?) in southern Alberta, north to High River." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 501-GeneralDescription 501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.7-5.5 cm. wingspan) large-bodied moth with dark chocolate brown wings. Forewing crossed by several rather indistinct and irregular darker bands, in particular a rather wide median band split near the upper end. The hindwing is crossed by a wide, dark rusty orange band. Fringes very broadly checkered black and white, giving them a scalloped appearance. The dark brown abdomen is crossed by one or two narrow pale yellow bands, which are diagnostic." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 501-Habitat 501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Clearings and edges with flowers. 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 501-LifeCycle 501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are diurnal, and visit flowers during the day and evening.\nAlberta is at the extreme northern edge of the range, and it is unlikely that there are any established populations here. The one known Alberta specimen however appears very fresh." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 501-TrophicStrategy 501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to use Ampelopsis, Grapes (Vitis) and Cayenne Pepper, Parthenocissus, Epilobium, and Evening Primrose (Oenothera), (Covell, 1984; Handfield, 1999)." 10/17/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 518-ConservationStatus 518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 518-Cyclicity 518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late May through June. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 518-Distribution 518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in North America east of the mountains. It is found throughout much of southern Alberta from about Edmonton south, east of the mountains." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 518-GeneralDescription 518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (7.5-11.0 cm. wingspan) long-winged grey moth with several black streaks and numerous darker wavy lines crossing the wings. The fine, somewhat diffuse wavy lines crossing the forewing in particular, combined with the large size and the dark and white markings on the thorax, are all diagnostic for undulosa in Alberta. The fringe of both wings is checkered black and white. The other large grey sphinx moths of Alberta have either a streaked as opposed to waved forewing (Sphinx chersis and S. vashti), or are mostly very dark grey or black (Sphinx drupiferarum and S. poecila). Royal Alberta Museum page" 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 518-Habitat 518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Tree plantations (farmyards and shelterbelts), urban areas and riparian woodlands." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 518-LifeCycle 518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Waved sphinx is a nocturnal species which comes to light. Larvae can be found from mid-June to fall, and they overwinter in the soil as pupae.\nThe Waved Sphinx tends to use mainly non-native tree species as hosts, and is thus most abundant where these have been planted such as cities or farmyards. They are most common in southern Alberta, but can be rather common some years in Edmonton. Their occurrence in Alberta may be a rather recent phenomena, as Ken Bowman, who resided in Edmonton and collected widely in Alberta until the early 1950's found it only in the Lloydminster area." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 518-TrophicStrategy 518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Elsewhere also other species of ash, Lilac (Syringa sp.), Hawthorn (Crataegus), oak (Quercus) and others. Green ash appears to be a favored host, at least in Canada." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 538-ConservationStatus 538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 538-Cyclicity 538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta in June and early July. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 538-Distribution 538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout much of eastern North America, west across Canada in the Boreal forest to extreme north western Alberta. In Alberta, widespread in the boreal forest region, from Lac la Biche north to the Lake Athabasca area and west to Zama." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 538-GeneralDescription 538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (5.7-7.5 cm. wingspan) narrow-winged moth with rusty orange-brown wings and body. The forewing is crossed by several wide, rather indistinct darker pink or pink-purple bands. The hindwing is rusty orange and unmarked. It is unlikely to be mistaken for any other moth in Alberta. Until recently known as Darapsa pholus (Cramer)" 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 538-Habitat 538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodlands, edges and clearings." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 538-LifeCycle 538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This large sphinx is apparently restricted to the boreal forest area in Alberta. Although only recently discovered in the province, it appears to be a widely distributed resident throughout the region. Most specimens have been taken at lights at night, but it has also been taken while visiting flowers during the day." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 538-TrophicStrategy 538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data, but several of the hosts reported elsewhere are available here. Elsewhere, Viburnum, Vaccinium, Kalmia, Gaylussacia, Azalea and Sour-gum." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 539-ConservationStatus 539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Introduced species, no concerns." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 539-Cyclicity 539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults on the wing late June - July. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 539-Distribution 539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Central and southern Europe. Introduced into western Canada. In Alberta it has apparently become established at a number of locations in the grasslands in the southern part of the province. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 539-GeneralDescription 539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (6.5 -9.0 cm. wingspan) narrow-winged large-bodied moth. The forewing is light brown with darker brown markings, the paler brown areas speckled with black. Two dark patches extent inward from the costa, and the outer third of the forewing is sharply divided from the rest of the forewing, a dark brown shading outward to light brown. The hindwing is black with a wide rose-pink median band and a narrower terminal band. Very similar to the closely related Bedstraw Hawk-moth (H. gallii), which differs in having a sharply defined black, cream and grey forewing pattern without any speckling in the pale areas, and with the entire costa broadly black. The White-lined Sphinx (H. lineata) has the forewing veins all marked in white." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 539-Habitat 539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Pastures, grasslands and riparian areas infested with Leafy Spurge." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 539-LifeCycle 539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Like other members of the genus, adults are on the wing mainly in the late evening and after dark, and come to light. The Spurge Hawk Moth was introduced at several sites in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan in the late 1960's as a possible biological control for Leafy Spurge. They are now established at a number of sites in southern Alberta (i.e. Medicine Hat and Lethbridge). The larva is a large conspicuous black, red and yellow insect. Its effectiveness as a biological control agent is apparently a very minor one." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 539-TrophicStrategy 539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Members of the Spurge family (Euphorbiae); in Alberta, introduced as a biological control agent for Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia escula L.)." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 540-ConservationStatus 540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 540-Cyclicity 540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from June through early August. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 540-GeneralDescription 540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (6.5-9.0 cm. wingspan) long-winged and heavy-bodied moth. The forewing is black, with a wide cream-yellow stripe running the length of it and a wide, blue-grey terminal band, all rather sharply separated. The hindwing is black with a wide rose-pink median band and a narrower terminal one, and with a white spot in the anal angle. The similar H. euphorbiae has a mainly light brown forewing freckled with dark spots, and with the black costa replaced by two dark brown spots. H. lineata has the forewing veins outlined in white scales." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 540-Habitat 540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas, including clearings, meadows, forest edges and urban gardens, etc." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 540-LifeCycle 540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This beautiful moth is the most common and widespread member of the genus in Alberta. It occurs much further north than most of our sphinx moths. It may on occasion be found nectaring at flowers in urban and other gardens in the evening. Like other members of the family, it has a very rapid wingbeat, and can easily be mistaken for a hummingbird. There is one generation per year." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 540-TrophicStrategy 540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere Fireweed (Epilobium), Bedstraw (Gallium) and other herbs." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 541-ConservationStatus 541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 541-Cyclicity 541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults on the wing July - early September. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 541-Distribution 541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "North and South America, Africa, Europe and Asia. In North America, it occurs as a migrant north into southern Canada each year. In Alberta, it can be rather common some years in the south, and has been collected north to Edmonton and Jasper National Park." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 541-GeneralDescription 541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large ( 6.2 - 9.0 cm. wingspan) narrow-winged heavy bodied moth with a striped forewing and pink hindwing. The forewing is dark black-brown with the costa a lighter olive brown, a blue-grey terminal band and a longitudinal pale yellow-brown stripe. The veins are outlined in white scales. The hindwing is bright pink, with a black basal area and a black terminal band. Both sexes are similar. The white veins of the forewing separate it from the other species of Hyles. Royal Alberta Museum page" 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 541-Habitat 541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas such as meadows, gardens, roadsides, edges and clearings." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 541-LifeCycle 541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are on the wing from mid-summer to early fall. Although mainly nocturnal and attracted to light, they can also be found visiting flowers at during the day or at dusk. The White-lined sphinx is mainly a southern species, which moves northward each year, and probably does not overwinter in Alberta. Earlier arrivals from the south appear to produce a generation that make up most of the specimens that are found here. Numbers of adults as well as the distance north that specimens are found may vary greatly from year to year." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 541-TrophicStrategy 541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polyphagous. A wide variety of herbs, shrubs and even trees in many families have been recorded as hosts. In Alberta it has been recorded as larvae on fireweed. Elsewhere, it has been found on apple, Amaranthus, beets, Brassica rapa, Chenopodium, lettuce, Evening Primrose (Oenothera) and many other plants (see Handfield, 1999 for a list). On the other hand, Native people in the American southwest considered the larvae a delicacy and used them in ceremonial stews." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 542-ConservationStatus 542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread species, rarely collected due to the behaviour and remote habitat." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 542-Cyclicity 542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta in late spring and early summer (May to early July). 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 542-Distribution 542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From the east coast (Maine and Massachusetts) west across the Boreal forest and in the mountains to southern Vancouver Island. In Alberta, it has been taken as far south as Edmonton and Nordegg and north to Zama City." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 542-GeneralDescription 542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small dark heavy-bodied day-flying moth with yellow and black hindwings. The forewings are black with a broad pale semi-translucent stripe across the outer half. The hindwings are black with a broad yellow band and a black border. Head and thorax yellow, abdomen black with two small light patches at the end. Unmistakable." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 542-Habitat 542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clearings, edges and openings in boreal and mountain forests." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 542-LifeCycle 542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults fly in spring, when fruit trees and lilacs are in bloom. They are diurnal and visit flowers for nectar. There is a single brood which overwinters as pupae in the soil." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 542-TrophicStrategy 542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to use fireweed (Epilobium) and Rubus sp. as hosts. Adults nectar at flowers including lilac, apples, cherry, saskatoon, dandelion and Labrador tea." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 543-ConservationStatus 543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 543-Cyclicity 543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in Alberta from late April to mid-August, an unusually long flight period" 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 543-Distribution 543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to Yukon and Vancouver Island, south to northern Mexico, including the Baja. A common moth, found in wooded or shrubby areas throughout Alberta." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 543-GeneralDescription 543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (6.2-9.0 cm wingspan) heavy-bodied sphinx moth. Forewings are pale grey (occasionally tan) with a rather complex pattern of darker grey and black banding. The median and terminal areas in particular are dark. Outer margin of the forewing is scalloped, with a ""tooth"" at the anal angle. The hindwings are bright rose-pink, shading into tan toward the margin. There is a large black spot in the anal angle containing a bright blue circle, often incomplete and sometimes with a second blue crescent above. Thorax is black, contrasting sharply with the broad pale grey tegulae. The very similar S. jamaicensis has two blue bars instead of a blue circle in the hindwing spot, and the pink is sharply divided from the tan outer part of the hindwing. Pectinations on the male antennae are also much shorter in cerisyi than in jamaicensis." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 543-LifeCycle 543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle One of the most common Alberta sphinx moths. The adults are nocturnal and come to lights. Larvae are solitary defoliators. The long flight period may indicate that there is more than one generation per year in Alberta. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 543-TrophicStrategy 543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, willow (Salix); elsewhere willows, poplars (Populus), pear and plum (Prunus), and snowberry (Symphoricarpos). Aspen poplar and willows appear to be the major hosts." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 544-ConservationStatus 544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 544-Cyclicity 544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in Alberta April through June, with the peak flight in late May and June." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 544-Distribution 544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From the Atlantic coast to Vancouver Island, mainly south of the boreal forest but widespread in the mountains, south to Texas and northern Mexico. In Alberta, it occurs in open meadows north into the southern edge of the Boreal forest, but is most common in the foothills." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 544-GeneralDescription 544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-5 cm wingspan) day-flying moth with translucent wings with narrow dark margins and the veins lined with dark scales. The forewing apex and base are red-brown. Both the head and thorax are olive-brown, the basal half of the abdomen is black with steel-blue patches and the posterior half is yellow, tipped with black. The larger Hummingbird Clearwing has wider margins on the wings, and dark olive brown, not yellow, patches on the abdomen. The Slender Clearwing (H. gracilis) is restricted to the boreal forest region, and lacks scaling in the forewing cell. Although not yet confirmed for Alberta, the very similar H. senta should be watched for in the mountains. ""Most of the diagnostic characters (for separating senta and diffinis) are trends but some are fairly good. In senta, the first two abdominal segments are black and the next three segments are yellow (dorsally), while in diffinis the tendency is for the first three segments to be black and the next two segments are yellow (dorsally). In senta, the ventrum of the abdomen is almost all yellow except the black anal tuft and the legs are yellow, while in diffinis the ventrum of the abdomen has significant black and the legs are black... in addition, there is a black stripe running across the thorax from the eyes to the abdomen"" (J. Tuttle, pers. corr., September 2001).
D. Macaulay image" 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 544-Habitat 544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas including meadows, clearings, roadsides and woodland edges." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 544-LifeCycle 544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Snowberry Clearwing is diurnal and is most often encountered nectaring at spring flowers, including dandelions and lilacs. They are more of a grassland and open meadow species than the Hummingbird and Slender Clearwings. Snowberry Clearwings are rarely encountered when not on the wing, they look more like bees than moths. When the adults first emerge from the pupae, the wings are completely scaled, but most scales are loosely attached and fall off during the initial flight, leaving much of the wing translucent. There appears to be a single brood each year." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 544-TrophicStrategy 544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere the reported larval hosts are Snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis, S. racemosus, and S. mollis), and Honeysuckle (Lonicera nitida). Adults visit many species of flowers for nectar." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 545-ConservationStatus 545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 545-Cyclicity 545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late May - July. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 545-Distribution 545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs throughout most of the wooded parts of eastern North America, west accross the boreal forest region to B.C. and Washington. In Alberta it is found throughput the boreal forest, the northern part of the aspen parklands and in the foothills and lower elevations in the mountains." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 545-GeneralDescription 545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large (4.5-6.2 cm. wingspan) day-flying moth with narrow, pointed translucent wings. The wings have dark olive brown (forewing) or red brown (hindwing) bases, a wide dark outer margin, and the veins are lined with dark scales. The heavy body is covered in dark olive-brown hairs, except for a wide dark band on the abdomen. In Alberta, it can be mistaken only for the Snowberry Clearwing, which is smaller, has narrow dark outer margins on the wings, and large yellow patches on the sides of the lower abdomen. The very similar Slender Clearwing (H. gracilis) has been reported from eastern Saskatchewan and may eventually turn up in eastern Alberta. H. thysbe can always be told from other species of Hemaris by the row of dark scales bisecting the forewing discal cell (absent in other Hemaris species). Royal Alberta Museum page" 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 545-Habitat 545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodlands, edges and clearings and adjacent meadows." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 545-LifeCycle 545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Hummingbird Clearwing is most often encountered during the day while nectaring at flowers. Unlike the Snowberry Clearwing, it is frequents open woodlands throughout much of the Boreal Forest region. It rarely alights, and the wingbeat is so rapid the wings are a blur, and thus it greatly resembles it's namesake, the hummingbird." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 545-TrophicStrategy 545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to use various shrubs, including Viburnum, Honeysuckle (Lonicera), Cherry (Prunus), Hawthorn (Craetagus) and snowberry (Symphoricarpos)." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 286-ConservationStatus 286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No obvious concern, but very little data available. Alberta is at the northern extreme of the range." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 286-Cyclicity 286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The Alberta record is for an adult on the wing in July. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 286-Distribution 286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Great Plains and Great Basin, from southern Saskatchewan, Alberta and BC south to northern Arizona. It reaches it's northern limit in southern Alberta (Lethbridge)." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 286-GeneralDescription 286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium to small (3.1-3.2 cm wingspan) dirty white moth with a ""busy"" overlaid brown pattern. The forewing costa, subterminal and terminal areas brown, with large brown orbicular, reniform and claviform spots. The veins are faintly marked with paler scales, giving it a streaky appearance. The hindwing has a prominent discal mark, a thin brown postmedian band followed by a wider brown median band containing two large pale spots, faintly divided into several smaller spots by the dark scales of the veins. Unlikely to be mistaken for any other Alberta Flower Moths." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 286-Habitat 286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native prairie grasslands. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 286-TrophicStrategy 286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None for Alberta; elsewhere it has been reared from larvae on Artemesia dracunculus. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 287-ConservationStatus 287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No obvious concerns, but there are little data available." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 287-Cyclicity 287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are on the wing from late June to early August, earlier at low and later at higher elevations" 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 287-Distribution 287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From east central Alberta and the Cypress Hills in Saskatchewan north to the southern Yukon, west and south to Colorado, Utah, California and Oregon. In Alberta, collected mainly in the mountains and foothills, but also in the parklands east to the Wainwright area." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 287-GeneralDescription 287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.2-2.3 cm wingspan) diurnal moth with a dark maroon and/or grey forewing with pale cream patches. The maroon area comprises a broad basal streak, the costa and a broad subterminal band. The large orbicular and reniform and a broad terminal band are grey. The area of the disc, surrounding the deiform and orbicular and reaching the lower wing margin is pale yellow. The hindwing is pale yellow with a black basal patch, a large black discal spot and a broad black terminal band. The pale yellow ground is confined to 3 spots surrounding the black discal spot. The fringe is pale. Very similar to Eutricopis nexilis, but nexilis has 2 pale spots on the hindwing, persimilis has a third one between the discal mark and the wing base, and nexilis has pink patches on the ventral forewing, which persimilis lacks." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 287-Habitat 287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasslands and open meadows, mainly in the lower foothills and northern grassland fringe." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 287-LifeCycle 287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There appears to be little information available for this pretty little moth. Adults are apparently diurnal, and are on the wing in late summer. Foodplants and larvae are unknown." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 287-TrophicStrategy 287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Life history data including host plant and larval descriptions are lacking. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 288-ConservationStatus 288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Known globally from only three colonies, on the Canadian prairies." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 288-Cyclicity 288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late May to early June. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 288-Distribution 288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Across the aspen parkland belt and associated grasslands from southern Manitoba to southern Alberta. Apparently very local. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 288-GeneralDescription 288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.1 cm. wingspan) diurnal moth with dull reddish and olive brown markings on a white forewing and a black hindwing with a broad white median band and a large square discal spot. The forewing underside is white, with several black patches and the hindwing ventral surface is almost immaculate. The very similar Eutricopis nexilis flies with it, but can be easily separated by the bright pink markings on it's underside. The closely related S. honesta has a similar pattern, but is black and white, and apparently lacks the checkered border of the forewing present in verna." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 288-Habitat 288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Native grassland with colonies of the host plants, Antennaria sp." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 288-LifeCycle 288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Schinia verna is another small, diurnal species. It is known from only three colonies at this time (fall 2001), at Spruce Woods Provincial Park, Manitoba, near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and on the floodplain of the Red Deer River north of Jenner, Alberta. The life history appears to parallel that of Eutricopis nexilis, which was present and flying with verna at the Jenner colony. Like nexilis, verna larvae feed on the flowering and seed heads of Antennaria, and adults are on the wing to oviposit when Antennaria is in bud. Later instar larvae will often tie adjacent flower heads together to form a protective shelter from which they feed. They are also reported to be cannibalistic, as well as predators on E. nexilis larvae. As with nexilis, the best way to locate verna is to check colonies of Antennaria when it is in bud." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 288-TrophicStrategy 288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, associated with Antennaria sp. In Manitoba, Antennaria aprica and A. neodioica were the hosts." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 289-ConservationStatus 289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No immediate concerns. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 289-Cyclicity 289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in late July and August. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 289-Distribution 289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily a western mountain species, however it has also been found across the plains eastward across Alberta and Saskatchewan to southern Manitoba. West to the coast ranges of Washington and BC, south to Arizona. In Alberta, it has been collected in the foothills west of Calgary and in the Drumheller and Edmonton regions." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 289-GeneralDescription 289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.0 cm wingspan) dark red-brown day-flying moth with indistinct lighter mottled pattern on the forewing. Hindwing similar, but darker and with three indistinct pale spots in the basal half. The darkest of the Alberta Flower Moths except for M. immortua, which flies in spring." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 289-Habitat 289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native prairie and montane grasslands. 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 289-LifeCycle 289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal. The larvae feed mainly on the developing seeds of the host, and are also reported to be extremely cannibalistic." 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 289-TrophicStrategy 289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, the primary host is reported to be species of Fleabanes (Erigeron sp.). Eucephalus ledophyllus is also listed as a host plant (Crumb, 1956)" 10/15/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 579-ConservationStatus 579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon in Alberta. No reason for concerns. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 579-Cyclicity 579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late May and June. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 579-Distribution 579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in eastern North America, from Newfoundland south to Georgia and Arkansas, west to interior BC. It has been collected in east central Alberta, between the Battle and Red Deer Rivers, west to Red Deer and south through Dry Island Provincial Park." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 579-GeneralDescription 579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A very large (8.5-11.0 cm wingspan) narrow-winged heavy-bodied moth. The forewings are very dark grey or dull black. The leading edge, particularly the basal two-thirds, is sharply contrasting white or pale grey. The hindwings are black, crossed by a white median band and with a pale grey base and outer margin. The abdomen has a series of large black and white lateral spots. The dark blackish forewings with the contrasting pale leading edge will separate it from all other Alberta sphinx. The similar S. vashti and S. chersis are much paler grey. See also the female of S. luscitiosa." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 579-Habitat 579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry cherry shrubland and woodland edges. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 579-LifeCycle 579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood, which overwinter as pupae." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 579-TrophicStrategy 579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to use apple (Malus), plum and wild cherries (Prunus sp.), saskatoon (Amelanchier), cranberry (Vaccinium), hackberry (Celtis) and lilac (Syringa)." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 807-ConservationStatus 807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status At the northern edge of the range. No obvious concern. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 807-Cyclicity 807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been captured between early August and early October. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 807-Distribution 807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A mainly western species, found east to Minnesota and Illinois and northward into extreme southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. It occurs widely across the Great Plains, south to New Mexico, Arizona and California. In Alberta, it has been found only in treed areas of the extreme southern portion of the grasslands region, north to Taber and Medicine Hat. They have been collected most often in riparian cottonwood stands along the southern river valleys." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 807-GeneralDescription 807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size underwing moth (6.3-6.8 cm wingspan). The forewings are grey-brown with the narrow dark jagged antemedian and postmedian lines and the reniform spot prominent and contrasting. The terminal line is marked by a series of short thin black bars between the veins. The hindwings are salmon-orange or pink-orange like those of the Mother Underwing. They are crossed by a sharply defined black median band and a wide black terminal band. The hindwing fringe is white and pale orange. The adults are alike, and both sexes have simple antennae. Very similar in size and markings to Catocala hermia, and some specimens may be very difficult to separate with confidence. Hermia usually have greyer forewings, and the hingwings of hermia are bright deep pink, not orange. C. meskei are larger, darker and have darker red-orange hindwings." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 807-Habitat 807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Cottonwood forest and urban plantings in the arid grasslands region of extreme southern Alberta. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 807-LifeCycle 807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but like all underwing moths they are best collected using sugar baits. The adults emerge in late summer and early fall, and the eggs overwinter. Larvae are solitary defoliators. There is a single brood each year." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 807-TrophicStrategy 807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to feed on willow (Salix). 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 558-ConservationStatus 558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local in Alberta. No conservation concerns. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 558-Cyclicity 558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late June-July. The larval stage extends from late June to September. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 558-Distribution 558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Mainly eastern and boreal, from Nova Scotia south to Georgia, west across the boreal forest to north eastern Alberta. In Alberta, at the north western edge of its range, and found so far only in the area from Ft. McMurray to Lake Athabasca." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 558-GeneralDescription 558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large (5.0-5.7 cm wingspan) narrow-winged moth with dark brown wings. The forewing is faintly banded with darker brown, and there are several dark horizontal streaks in the median area. The hindwing is dark brown, without bands. The fringe is checkered light and dark brown. Unlikely to be mistaken for any other Alberta moth." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 558-Habitat 558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry boreal pine forests; late June-July. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 558-LifeCycle 558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. They overwinter in the soil as pupae. 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 558-TrophicStrategy 558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "None for Alberta, although associated with jack pine. Elsewhere various species of pines (Pinus sp.), with Eastern white pine the major host in eastern Canada, and Jack pine the major host from northern Ontario west. There is also a report of Tamarack (Larix)." 10/19/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 810-ConservationStatus 810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "At the edge of its range, where suitable habitat appears to be secure. No concerns." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 810-Cyclicity 810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in mid-August and early September. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 810-Distribution 810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily eastern, from Nova Scotia west to southeastern Alberta, south to Florida and Kansas. In Alberta it has been collected twice in the badlands of the Red Deer River, at Dinosaur Provincial Park and at Tolman Bridge Recreational Area, east of Trochu." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 810-GeneralDescription 810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size ( 3.8-5.0 cm wingspan) moth with dull greenish or purple grey forewings. The antemedial line is black and distinct, the other cross-lines less so, mainly indicated by dark marks at the costa. The basal dash is indistinct or absent. A short dark dash in the outer fold, with some dark red-brown scaling adjacent. The hindwings are bright yellow-orange, with a median black band that forms a long loop with the basal streak. A wider black terminal band, divided or nearly so in the anal area, forming a dark, anal spot. The antennae are simple and both the sexes are alike. It can only be mistaken with Catocala blandula, which has much more mottled grey, black and whitish forewings. Canadian populations, which are darker and duller than more southern ones, were previously treated as a separate species, Catocala manitoba Beut." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 810-Habitat 810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry shrub stands in the valleys of the grassland region. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 810-LifeCycle 810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light and probably sugar baits (no data). Larvae are solitary defoliators and the egg is the overwintering stage. There is a single annual brood. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 810-TrophicStrategy 810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported from Aronia and Prunus (Rosaceae). In Alberta, chokecherry is the probable host." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 722-ConservationStatus 722 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No conservation concerns. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 722-Cyclicity 722 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late May to July. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 722-Distribution 722 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Fom the Maritimes west across southern Canada to southeastern BC. In Alberta, found throughout the aspen parklands, southern boreal forest, foothills and lower elevations in the mountains. It apparently does not occur as far north in the Boreal region as F. scolopendrina and F. occidentalis." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 722-GeneralDescription 722 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.5-4.0 cm. wingspan) grey-black and white moth, with a cream or light tan cast to the white areas of the forewings. A broad black band crosses the median area of the forewings. It usually narrows in the middle, and in many specimens is divided into two wedge-shaped patches. Modesta can be separated from other Furcula sp. by the absence of yellow or gold scaling on the forewing where the lines cross the veins. Male modesta can also be separated from the other species of Furcula by the diamond shape of the laterally flattened uncus." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 722-Habitat 722 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland and shrub. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 722-LifeCycle 722 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators. There is a single brood which overwinters in the pupal stage. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 722-TrophicStrategy 722 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported larval hosts include aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides) and willows (Salix). 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 723-ConservationStatus 723 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread and fairly common insect; no concerns. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 723-Cyclicity 723 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are on the wing late April through July, depending on elevation or latitude." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 723-Distribution 723 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Maritimes west across Canada to Vancouver Island, north to southern Yukon. Found throughout the wooded areas of Alberta, from the aspen parklands north to Lake Athabasca, as well as throughout the foothills and lower elevations of the mountains. Apparently absent from the wooded valleys of the grasslands region." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 723-GeneralDescription 723 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size pale grey moth with a dark band and lines crossing the forewing. Very similar to and often mixed in collections with Furcula scolopendrina and F. modesta. The light areas of the forewing are pale pearl grey in occidentalis (white in scolopendrina and pale tan in modesta), and the series of fine, parallel zig-zag lines crossing the outer half of the forewing are sharper and more complete in occidentalis, but usually blurred or incomplete in scolopendrina. Specimens from the foothills and mountains may have to be dissected for positive determination. The male of occidentalis has a much shorter, stouter tip to the uncus than scolopendrina does. Both sexes are similar, but the females are larger and broader-winged, and have filiform antennae (bipectinate in males).\nSpecimens from the mountains are larger and darker, and have been named subspecies gigans.\n" 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 723-Habitat 723 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and shrubland. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 723-LifeCycle 723 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be a single brood, which overwinters as pupae. The larvae are solitary defoliators." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 723-TrophicStrategy 723 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to utilize willows (Salix) and poplars (Populus), with willow the preferred host." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 900-ConservationStatus 900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rather local and uncommon but at the northwestern edge of it's range; no concerns. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 900-Cyclicity 900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-July through late August. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 900-Distribution 900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west across Alberta to the foothills, south to Kentucky, Georgia and Florida. In Alberta, it has been taken mainly in the aspen-parkland southern Boreal forest edge in the Edmonton region, but has also been recorded west to the edge of the foothills at Olds and Gainford. The first Alberta specimen was collected in 1988." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 900-GeneralDescription 900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (4.3-4.8 cm wingspan) grey-brown moth with pointed, almost falcate forewings. The forewings have large patches of dull, metallic green over much of the outer two-thirds. The hindwings are grey brown and are unmarked. Unmistakable. It is possibly the largest member of the subfamily Plusiinae in the world." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 900-Habitat 900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature poplar and mixedwood forest. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 900-LifeCycle 900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 900-TrophicStrategy 900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere the larvae are reported to utilize a variety of plants, including hops (Humulus lupulus), aspen (Populus tremuloides), wood nettle (Laportea canadensis) and raspberry (Rubus sp.)." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 901-ConservationStatus 901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status At the edge of their range in Alberta; no concerns. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 901-Cyclicity 901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June to mid-August. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 901-Distribution 901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia south to North Carolina, west across Canada to Alberta. In Alberta, it has ben collected from the Aspen Parklands and foothills of central Alberta north in the Boreal forest to Zama." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 901-GeneralDescription 901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A tiny (1.1-1.4 cm wingspan) long-winged light grey or dirty white moth with variable darker grey markings. The normal lines are usually incomplete and marked by a series of dots, and often there is a darker median shade. The terminal area is often darker, and the reniform is usually marked by two dark spots. The hindwings are paler. Possibly the smallest Noctuid moth in North America, and easy to overlook as a species of ""micro"". Bowman reported Alberta specimens as H. caducus." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 901-Habitat 901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous woodland. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 901-LifeCycle 901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 901-TrophicStrategy 901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Apparently unknown. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 811-ConservationStatus 811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread insect. No concerns." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 811-Cyclicity 811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from late July through September. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 811-Distribution 811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada, from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island, south to Missouri and Arizona. In Alberta, it is found throughout the Aspen parklands, southern Boreal forest north to the northern Peace River area, and the foothills and lower elevations in the mountains. It is also present in smaller numbers in cottonwood stands along the rivers of the grasslands region (Dinosaur Provincial Park and Lethbridge)." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 811-GeneralDescription 811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (6.7-7.5 cm wingpan) moth with white forewings crossed by several diffuse black bands and lines, the most prominent being the median band. The hindwings are jet black with a white median band and a narrow white terminal band and fringe. The amount of dark scaling on the forewings varies greatly among populations. The antennae are simple and the adults look alike. Unmistakable.\n" 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 811-Habitat 811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mature hardwood and mixedwood forest, in particular aspen forest." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 811-LifeCycle 811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but they are best collected using sugar baits. The adults emerge in late summer and early fall, and the eggs overwinter. The larvae, which are solitary defoliators, hatch in May and can be found until early August. There is one brood per year.\n" 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 811-TrophicStrategy 811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada the larvae feed mainly on Aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides). Also reported, much less frequently, from Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), willow (Salix) and White birch (Betula papyrifera)." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 812-ConservationStatus 812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species. No concerns." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 812-Cyclicity 812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from late July through mid-September. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 812-Distribution 812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Nova Scotia south to Maine; west across Canada to British Columbia, and southward in the mountains. In Alberta, it is most abundant in the Aspen Parklands and across the southern Boreal Forest region, north to at least Lac la Biche and the northern Peace River area. It is also common throughout the foothills and in the lower elevations of the mountains, in the Cypress Hills, and in the wooded portions of the valleys of the arid Grasslands region." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 812-GeneralDescription 812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large underwing moth (6.5-7.5 cm. wingspan) with mottled grey or mottled black, white and grey forewings and pink hindwings. In Alberta, semirelicta has two forms. The normal eastern form is less common here. It has black and white forewings with a broad black streak running along the fold, and is easy to recognize. This is the form usually illustrated in popular books. The normal form in Alberta is the much duller form ""atala"", which has powdery light and dark grey forewings with the jagged antemedian and sinuous postmedian lines marked in black. The large reniform spot and the surrounding area form an additional contrasting dark splotch. The narrow jagged subterminal line is indistinctly marked with pale scales. There are a few brown scales in the orbicular and along the postmedian line. The hindwings are dull pink or dark orange-pink. The black median band stops short of the margin. There are a few dark hairs, and the hindwings have a sharp, clean appearance. The hindwing fringe is white, and the antennae are simple. Both sexes are alike. Alberta semirelicta can be quite variable, and have gone under more than one name in the past. Some smaller specimens can be very difficult to separate from some C. hermia and C. meskei." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 812-Habitat 812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mature Poplar and mixedwood forest, urban areas." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 812-LifeCycle 812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults, which fly in late summer and early fall, are nocturnal and come to light, but like all underwings, are most abundant at sugar bait. The eggs overwinter, and the larvae, which hatch in spring, are solitary defoliators. There is a single brood each year." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 812-TrophicStrategy 812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere poplars (Populus). 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 813-ConservationStatus 813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Scarce in Alberta, at the northern edge of its range. No immediate concerns." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 813-Cyclicity 813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in early August in Alberta. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 813-Distribution 813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ultronia occurs throughout much of eastern North America, south to Florida and Texas. It ranges west across the southern parts of Canada to extreme southeast British Columbia. In Alberta, it occurs mainly in dry shrubby woodland edge along the river valleys of the plains, north to Dinosaur Provincial Park." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 813-GeneralDescription 813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (4.6-6.0 cm wingspan) moth with dark forewings and red and black hindwings. The forewings are a smooth, dark rich chocolate and grey brown with several fine erratic horizontal lines. A narrow patch along the costa at the apex is lighter brown. The hindwings are deep red-orange, almost scarlet, and are crossed by a complete black median line and a wider black terminal band. The basal area is covered with long black hairs, and the fringes are mostly dark. Both the sexes are similar. The antennae are filiform. Ultronia cannot be mistaken for any other Alberta Catocala." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 813-Habitat 813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry woodland edges and tall shrub, especially wild cherry shrublands; urban plantations." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 813-LifeCycle 813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light, but are more likely to be taken at sugar baits. Larvae are solitary defoliators. The egg is the overwintering stage. There is one brood per year." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 813-TrophicStrategy 813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to use members of the Rosacea, including apple (Malus) and wild cherries (Prunus sp.)." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 814-ConservationStatus 814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread insect. No concerns." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 814-Cyclicity 814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from late July through September. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 814-Distribution 814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland west to south central British Columbia, south to Kentucky and Missouri in the east, Colorado and Utah in the west. In Alberta, it is most abundant in the Cypress Hills, the Aspen parklands and the southern Boreal forest, but also present in the cottonwood stands along the rivers on the southern plains, and throughout the foothills and lower elevations in the mountains." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 814-GeneralDescription 814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (6.8-8.2 cm wingspan) moth with dark mottled grey forewings and dark red-orange hindwings, crossed by a broad black median band and a wide black terminal band. Unijuga is the largest and one of the most widely distributed of the Alberta Underwing moths. The dark red-orange (as opposed to pink) hindwings with wide black bands will separate it from all Alberta Catocala except meskei and briseus. Meskei is smaller, usually has paler and less mottled forewings and brighter red hindwings. There is also usually a small black spot at the lower end of the black median band on the hindwings, or a small upturned extension to this band. Meskei also lacks the many dark hairs in the basal area of the hindwings which give unijuga a darker, duller appearance. Briseus is smaller than unijuga, and has darker forewings with a characteristic prominent lighter patch with brown scaling on the outer half.\nA form of unijuga with the forewings sooty black and with the markings reduced to traces of the jagged white subterminal line (form agatha) is not uncommon in Alberta." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 814-Habitat 814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mature poplar and mixedwood forest, in particular older aspen poplar forest." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 814-LifeCycle 814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but they are best collected with sugar baits. The adults emerge in late summer and early fall, and the eggs overwinter. The larvae, which are solitary defoliators, hatch in May and can be found until early August. There is a single brood each year.\n" 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 814-TrophicStrategy 814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada reported to feed on poplars (Populus) and willows (Salix). 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 815-ConservationStatus 815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No known concerns. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 815-Cyclicity 815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in July. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 815-Distribution 815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From the Atlantic coast west across the parklands and southern boreal forest to central Alberta; south to Massachusetts and Ohio. In Alberta, it has been found along the southern edge of the boreal forest, in the Edmonton area and north to Barrhead." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 815-GeneralDescription 815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.7-2.8 cm. wingspan) very pale tan or dirty white moth with rather long, narrow and squared forewings. The wings are sparsely dusted with dark brown scales between the veins, giving it a somewhat streaky appearance, before becoming denser, and forming a faint terminal band on the forewings. There are two small black dots marking the reniform, and two prominent narrow dark streaks on each forewing, one running from the reniform to the outer margin, and the other, thicker one running along the fold from near the base almost to the outer margin. This pattern is unique among the Alberta moths." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 815-Habitat 815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wet meadows, fens and wetlands margins." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 815-LifeCycle 815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. No other data available. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 815-TrophicStrategy 815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 816-ConservationStatus 816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very scarce here at the northwestern edge of its large range; no concerns. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 816-Cyclicity 816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been taken in July. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 816-Distribution 816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Maine and Quebec east across Canada to central Alberta, south to Florida and Louisiana. In Alberta it has been collected in the Edmonton region, near Ministik Lake." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 816-GeneralDescription 816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5-2.7 cm. wingspan) very pale cream or dirty white moth with narrow, squared forewings. The wings are sparsely dusted with darker scales. The antemedian line is marked by two dots, in the fold and in the cell. The postmedian line fine and fragmentary, in a wide arc on the upper half only, on the lower marked by a dot in the fold. The subterminal line faint and pale, preceded by dark points. Base of costa is dark with a pale apex. There are two widely separated discal dots. Hindwings are dirty white, with a faint darker subterminal shade." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 816-Habitat 816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wet meadows, fens, wetland edges etc." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 816-LifeCycle 816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. No other data available. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 816-TrophicStrategy 816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 817-ConservationStatus 817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Known from only one locality in Alberta, which is at the extreme northwest edge of its range." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 817-Cyclicity 817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only known Alberta record is for mid June. 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 817-Distribution 817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The eastern seaboard of North America, north and west through central Canada to extreme northeastern Alberta. In was added to the Alberta fauna in 2000 when a specimen was collected in the Richardson River Dunes Wildland Park, just south of Lake Athabasca. The recent addition of this species to the Saskatchewan (Hooper 2001) and Alberta faunas are significant extensions of the previously reported range." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 817-GeneralDescription 817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is one of three species of Hemaris in Alberta which mimic bumblebees. The Slender Clearwing can be distinguished from H. diffinis by the much broader hindwing margin, and brown as opposed to black bands on the thorax underside. Two characters easily distinguish gracilis from thysbe: the forewing cell of thysbe is crossed by a line (a vein with dark scaling), whereas this cell is unmarked in H. gracilis. The underside of the abdomen is completely yellow in thysbe, whereas gracilis has two longitudinal red-brown bands." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 817-Habitat 817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open wooded areas where the larval host plant, blueberry, occurs." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 817-LifeCycle 817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults visit flowers during the day. Overwinters as a pupa underground or among ground litter. Although this species has two broods annually in more southerly parts of its range, it likely has only one in the short summers of the northern boreal forest." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 817-TrophicStrategy 817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, adults nectar at Kinnikinik (Arcostaphylus uva-ursi), and likely other plants. Larvae are reported to feed on blueberry (Vaccinium) and other heaths (Ericaeae) in eastern North America." 11/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 893-ConservationStatus 893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 893-Cyclicity 893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in June and July. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 893-Distribution 893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west across Canada to Vancouver Island, south to North Carolina, Missouri, Texas, Colorado and Oregon. It occurs throughout southern Alberta, from the valleys of the arid grasslands through the parklands and north into the southern Boreal Forest to at least Lac la Biche. It is apparently absent from the foothills and mountains." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 893-GeneralDescription 893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.2 cm wingspan) moth with dark grey-black wings.\nThe thin, black antemedian and postmedian lines and the thin black line around the extremely large reniform and doubled orbicular spots of the forewings are marked by raised jet-black scales. The black antemedian and postmedian lines are preceded and followed respectively by dull red-brown scales. The basal and subterminal areas are somewhat paler, mottled with lighter grey and pale red-brown. The spots are often filled with paler grey scales, and there is a thin black terminal line. The hindwings are grey on the basal half, with a dark discal crescent, and black on the outer half. There is a prominent tuft on the thorax. The antennae in both sexes, which are similar in appearance, are simple. The dark forewing with the three large spots marked in raised black scales is unique among Alberta moths." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 893-Habitat 893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodland clearings and edges, etc. where nettle occurs." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 893-LifeCycle 893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 893-TrophicStrategy 893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere the larvae are reported to feed on Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 894-ConservationStatus 894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species; no concerns. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 894-Cyclicity 894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in June and July. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 894-Distribution 894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western mountain species, found from Alaska south to Oregon, Idaho and Arizona. In Alberta it can be found throughout the foothills and mountains." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 894-GeneralDescription 894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-3.6 cm wingspan) moth with dark chocolate or rust-brown forewings and yellow-buff hindwings with a wide, dark terminal band. There is a prominent silvery stigma on the forewings, shaped like a shallow arc and slightly forked at the upper end. The wide terminal band on the hindwings is sharply divided from the yellow basal two-thirds. The antennae are simple and sexes are similar. Sansoni could be mistaken only for one of the Syngrapha species with yellow hindwings (i.e. orophila, borea, ignea etc.) but these are all either much smaller or have different shaped stigma on the forewings." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 894-Habitat 894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forest in the mountains and foothills. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 894-LifeCycle 894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood per year. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 894-TrophicStrategy 894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 895-ConservationStatus 895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 895-Cyclicity 895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late June and July. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 895-Distribution 895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to British Columbia, south to Arizona. In Alberta, it has been collected from the wooded areas of valeys of the southern grasslands (Milk River) north into the southern Boreal forest to the Lac la Biche area." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 895-GeneralDescription 895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.2-3.2 cm wingspan) dark grey-brown or purple brown moth. The male has rather narrow, pointed forewings, with the costa decidedly concave in the center (not as much so in the female). The antemedian and postmedian lines are jagged and rather indistinct, the median line is diffuse, and the subterminal line is narrow and yellowish and stands out against the dark ground. The orbicular is small or absent, and the reniform is larger and much more prominent, especially in the male. The hindwings are as dark as the forewings, crossed by two indistinct darker bands. The antennae are simple and ciliate; both sexes are similar but the female has a broader and less modified forewing." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 895-Habitat 895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wooded and shrubby areas, especially near water." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 895-LifeCycle 895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 895-TrophicStrategy 895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to feed on dead deciduous leaves; also Barberry (Berberis), clover (Trifolium) and hickory (Carya) leaves." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 701-ConservationStatus 701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 701-Cyclicity 701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late May though mid-July 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 701-Distribution 701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to BC. In Alberta, cinerea occurs in the wooded portions of the valleys in the grasslands region and locally in the aspen parklands." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 701-GeneralDescription 701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-4.5 cm wingspan) pale grey moth. The long silky hair on the body is typical of the genus. The forewings are pale pearl grey shading to white at the wing-base. The normal lines are reduced to a few dark marks, in particular at the costa, and a series of black dots on the outer margin in the spaces between the veins. There are also a few small patches of gold or orange scales along the lower forewing margin. The hindwings are white with a row of prominent back spots between the veins along the margin, and a small dark discal spot. All other Furcula species have a sharply contrasting dark median band crossing the forewings. The nominate subspecies been reported from the Llyodminster region. Subspecies wileyi occurs in the grasslands region of southern Alberta; it is larger and paler than ssp. cinerea." 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 701-Habitat 701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous forest and shrub 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 701-LifeCycle 701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are diurnal and come to lights. Larvae are solitary defoliators. There is a single brood which overwinters as pupae. 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 701-TrophicStrategy 701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere larval hosts are reported to be poplar (Populus sp.) and willow (Salix). 10/23/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 902-ConservationStatus 902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Although rarely collected, this moth is widespread and there are no obvious concerns." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 902-Cyclicity 902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late June to August. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 902-Distribution 902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From New Hampshire and Quebec, west across southern Canada to central and northwestern Alberta. In Alberta, found from the northern Parklands across the Boreal Forest region northwest to Zama City." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 902-GeneralDescription 902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.2 -2.4 cm wingspan) broad-winged sooty brown moth, resembling a small geometrid. The costal area is broadly paler than the rest of the wing, light tan to dark cream. The remainder of the forewing is dark brown, with the normal lines and fringe marked as pale and fine zigzag lines. The hindwings are similar, crossed by three fine, pale, zigzag lines. Both sets of wings have a narrow, dark scalloped terminal line and light and dark brown checkered fringes. Male antennae are broadly pectinate. Overall, both sexes are similar." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 902-Habitat 902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Humid (?) woodland with dead trees and fungi. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 902-TrophicStrategy 902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Apparently unknown. There is some evidence to suggest fungi growing on dead wood, may serve as the larval host." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 903-ConservationStatus 903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common and widespread; no concerns. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 903-Cyclicity 903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing late May to August. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 903-Distribution 903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to coastal British Columbia, south to Texas. In Alberta, it occurs widely in the Boreal Forest and Foothills regions." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 903-GeneralDescription 903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.0-2.6 cm wingspan) narrow-winged moth with dull reddish or brownish-grey forewings and paler hindwings. The forewings have a prominent, dark oblique median band that stops well before the costa, and a dark, bar-shaped reniform. The antemedian and postmedian lines are fine, and the later is curved. There is a yellow or orange patch on the outer margin below the apex, and a dark terminal line and grey fringe. The hindwings are pale, crossed by fine median and submedian bands, and darkening toward the margin and in particular in the region just before the anal angle. The palps are massive, in the male folded back up and over the head and thorax, and containing a large expansible yellowish tuft. The antennae are simple and both of the sexes are similar." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 903-Habitat 903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous and mixedwood forest. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 903-LifeCycle 903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to lights and sugar baits. They have a long flight period, and it is possible that more than one brood annually. The larvae feed on the foliage of a wide variety of trees and shrubs as solitary defoliators, often within a silk webbing." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 903-TrophicStrategy 903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data available. Elsewhere in Canada, recorded from a wide variety of trees and shrubs, but mainly confer trees, in particular Balsam fir (Abies balsamifera) and White spruce (Picea glauca). See Prentice, 1962 or Handfield, 1999 for lists of recorded hosts." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 904-ConservationStatus 904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Scarce at the edge of its range in Alberta, but no reasons for concern." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 904-Cyclicity 904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in July and August. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 904-Distribution 904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west across Canada to central Alberta, south to Massachusetts and New York. In Alberta, it has been taken several times along the southern edge of the boreal forest, east to the Edmonton area and north to Lac la Biche." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 904-GeneralDescription 904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5 cm wingspan) dark chocolate brown or puple-grey moth. The forewings are dark, with the antemedian and postmedian lines indistinct but visible, and with the subterminal line better marked in blackish scales, outlined on the distal side in contrasting paler scales. The most prominent marking is the short, black crescent or bent bar indicating the reniform. The hindwings are lighter brown, crossed by two narrow indistinct and incomplete darker bands. Much darker than P. metonalis, which also has much broader bipectinate antennae and longer palps." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 904-Habitat 904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Woodlands. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 904-LifeCycle 904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 904-TrophicStrategy 904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Apparently unknown. The closely related P. metonalis is reported to feed on dead leaves. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 802-ConservationStatus 802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread insect. No concerns." 11/21/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 802-Cyclicity 802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from the end of July through late September. 11/21/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 802-Distribution 802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across the Boreal forest region from Newfoundland to the Pacific, south to Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. In the west, replaced southward in the mountains by the similar but larger C. groteiana. In Alberta, it is one of the most common and widespread Catocala species. Occurs across the Aspen parkland and Boreal forest region, north almost to Lake Athabasca. It is also found in lower elevations of the mountains, the Cypress Hills and wooded parts of the Grasslands region." 11/21/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 802-GeneralDescription 802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (5.9-6.5 cm wingspan) moth with dark blackish forewings and deep red-orange hindwings. The forewings are dark grey with a few patches of pale scales, in particular before and below the reniform and along the subterminal line. There is a diffuse band or patch of paler scales, some of which are brown, inside of the subterminal band. The hindwings are deep red-orange, crossed by a complete black median and a wider black terminal band. The hindwing fringe is white. The antennae are simple, and the sexes are similar. The contrasting pale patch and brown scaling on the outer half of the forewings is diagnostic of briseis." 11/21/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 802-Habitat 802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mature hardwood and mixedwood forest, and in particular aspen forest." 11/21/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 802-LifeCycle 802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but they are best collected using sugar baits. They emerge in late summer and early fall and produce the eggs which overwinter. The larvae are solitary defoliators." 11/21/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 802-TrophicStrategy 802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere the larvae have been reported to feed on poplars (Populus) and willows (Salix). There is some evidence to suggest that willow may be a preferred hostplant. 11/21/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 804-ConservationStatus 804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Scarce at the western edge of its range in Alberta. No concerns. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 804-Cyclicity 804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta in August. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 804-Distribution 804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in eastern North America, west across the southern half of the Prairie Provinces to eastern Alberta. In Alberta, it has been collected along the eastern edge of the parklands, east to Dinosaur Provincial Park and north to Lloydminster." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 804-GeneralDescription 804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (6.0-7.5 cm wingspan) moth with pale slate-grey forewings and bright rose-pink hindwings. The forewings are even pale slate grey, crossed by thin jagged black antemedian and postmedian lines, and with some darker grey shading. The hindwings are astonishing brilliant rose pink, crossed by wide black median and terminal bands and with a wide pale buff fringe. The antennae are simple and both the sexes are similar." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 804-Habitat 804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Riparian tall shrub and woodland edge; urban plantings. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 804-LifeCycle 804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but more commonly to sugar baits. The egg is the overwintering stage, and the larvae are solitary defoliators. There is a single brood each year." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 804-TrophicStrategy 804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to use willows (Salix sp.) and poplars (Populus sp., including P. tremuloides, P. deltoides and P. nigra)." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 805-ConservationStatus 805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common moth. No concerns. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 805-Cyclicity 805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in August and early September. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 805-Distribution 805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found throughout the Great Plains, from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta south and west to Texas, Arizona and California. In Alberta, it occurs mainly in cottonwood stands along the river valleys of the plains, north to the Red Deer region and west to the lower foothills in the Calgary and High River areas." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 805-GeneralDescription 805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (5.8-6.8 cm wingspan) moth with grey-brown or ""clay-colored"" forewings and bright pink hindwings. Hermia is one of the medium-sized underwing moths. The forewings are a rather light even grey or grey-brown, not powdery grey as in unijuga or meskei. The jagged antemedian line and sinuous postmedian line and the large doubled reniform stand out against the lighter background. The hindwings are a bright pink, crossed by an incomplete black median band and a wider black terminal band and white fringe. There are few dark hairs in the basal part of the hindwings, giving it a very clean, neat look. The similar sized C. meskei has grey powdery-looking forewings on which the lines are less contrasting, and red-orange hindwings. Some specimens of hermia greatly resemble C. luciana, which has a browner, broader forewings and orange hindwings. It can also be difficult to separate hermia from smaller specimens of C. semirelicta, which usually have grey, powdery forewings and a slightly more orange shade of pink on the hindwings." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 805-Habitat 805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature riparian cottonwood stands along the valleys of the southern grasslands. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 805-LifeCycle 805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but are much more common at sugar baits. They fly in late summer and early fall and lay the eggs, which overwinter. The larvae are solitary defoliators. There is a single brood each year.\n" 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 805-TrophicStrategy 805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Probably poplar and/or willow. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 806-ConservationStatus 806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status At the northern edge of its range. No serious concern. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 806-Cyclicity 806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta in late August and early September. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 806-Distribution 806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New York and Pennsylvania west to southeastern British Columbia, Montana, Colorado and Arizona, north to extreme southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. In Alberta it has been taken in the Milk River and Oldman River valleys, north to Taber." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 806-GeneralDescription 806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of the largest (7.2- 8.5 cm wingspan) Alberta underwing moths. The forewings are a smooth evenly powdered blue-grey, with few markings. The doubled reniform spot and the lower end of the postmedian band where it crosses the fold are the most prominent markings. The hindwings are salmon or orange-pink as in parta and luciana, not red-orange as in unijuga and meskei or bright pink as in hermia and concumbens. The hindwing black median band is narrow and turns in sharply at the lower end, and in some specimens may have a small separate spot at the lower end as does C. meskei. The fringe is white and the antennae are simple, and both sexes are essentially alike." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 806-Habitat 806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, riparian cottonwood-willow groves in the valleys of the arid southern grasslands region." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 806-LifeCycle 806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are one of the latest Alberta underwings to appear. They are nocturnal and come to light, but like other underwings are best caught using sugar baits. The eggs overwinter, and the larvae are solitary defoliators. There is a single brood each year.\n" 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 806-TrophicStrategy 806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to use willow (Salix). 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1056-ConservationStatus 1056 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1056-Cyclicity 1056 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found in early May to late July. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1056-Distribution 1056 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "G. verdona is known from Utah, Wyoming, British Columbia and Alberta. In Alberta, it is found in the Swan Hills, the foothills or the lower valleys of the mountains." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1056-GeneralDescription 1056 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Adult antennae are reddish-brown with pale joints. Vertex of the head and frons is dark chocolate brown with creamy-white warts and black median and frontal sutures. The male clasper is ladle-like. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1056-Habitat 1056 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Smaller, swift streams in the foothills or lower mountains or valley streams." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1056-LifeCycle 1056 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Data unavailable. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1056-TrophicStrategy 1056 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on detritus, algae and diatoms." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1058-ConservationStatus 1058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1058-Cyclicity 1058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are flying from mid-June to early July. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1058-Distribution 1058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range of P. tenebrosa extends from Michigan and Ontario to Arkansas, Idaho and Alberta. In Alberta, it can be found in the Great Plains portion of the province." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1058-GeneralDescription 1058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The length of the dark-brown antennae on the adults is two-thirds of the bodylength. The basal 4th-5th flagelluar annuli are covered with dense hair. The vertex of the head and frons is chocolate brown, with a black median suture and white warts. The process on segment 10 of the males, has a sinuate slender dorsal hook. The ventral portion of the process is broad, directed postero-ventrad, with black hooks in the distal corners." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1058-Habitat 1058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Medium rivers, slow and smooth with mud or sandy bottoms." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1058-LifeCycle 1058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). Data unavailable. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1058-TrophicStrategy 1058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on detritus, algae and diatoms." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1062-ConservationStatus 1062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not known from Alberta, but should be watched for." 1/7/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1062-Distribution 1062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "British Columbia and Montana to Colorado and Nevada. Known from the extreme southeast corner of British Columbia, just over the divide from Waterton Lakes National Park (Schmid, 1983)." 1/7/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1062-GeneralDescription 1062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male maxillary palps are quite short; the basal articles are fused and the labial palps are thick and twice the length of the maxillary palps. Wings have a dense covering of fine, long hairs (pilosity). The male clasper is linear and held at a 45? angle. The distal article of the clasper is paralleled by an equally long proximal article (located disto-ventrally), each being slightly tapered and rounded distally." 1/7/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1062-Habitat 1062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Larger, slower streams with rooted plants and mosses." 1/7/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1062-TrophicStrategy 1062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on diatoms and fine organic matter. 1/7/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1064-ConservationStatus 1064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/7/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1064-Cyclicity 1064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from late June to mid-September. 1/7/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1064-Distribution 1064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has a Holarctic distribution: in North America, from Alaska to New Mexico, in the east from Tennessee to Vermont. In Canada, it is transcontinental (Schmid, 1983)." 1/7/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1064-GeneralDescription 1064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The vertex of the adult head is reddish-brown with dense white and beige hairs. Antennae are brown, with reddish rings. Spur count is 2, 2, 3. Claspers of the males are irregularly shaped, dumb-bell like. Otherwise, the overall shape of the clasper is linear, with the extremities folded mesad." 1/7/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1064-Habitat 1064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Restricted to running waters. 1/7/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1064-TrophicStrategy 1064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are omnivorous, obtaining their food either by filter feeding or scraping." 1/7/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1065-ConservationStatus 1065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Most likely common. 1/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1065-Distribution 1065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In North America, from Alaska south to Nevada. B. occidentalis, is mainly confined to western Canada, from Manitoba west to British Columbia and north to the North West Territories (Schmid, 1983)." 1/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1065-GeneralDescription 1065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "In adults, the top of the head and thorax are grey-brown and covered with distinct, white hairs. The antennae are dark brown with weak rust-coloured rings. The base of the male clasper is long and extended as a dorsal process, with the horizontal extension curving mesad." 1/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1065-Habitat 1065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Restricted to running waters. 1/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1065-TrophicStrategy 1065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are omnivorous, obtaining their food either by filter feeding or scraping." 1/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1067-Cyclicity 1067 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from late May to late August. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1067-Distribution 1067 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widely distributed along the mountains of the west coast of North America, from Yukon south th California, east to Montana and Alberta (Schmid, 1983)." 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1067-GeneralDescription 1067 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body and hair of the adults are dark brown. Maxillary palps of the males reach the apex of the first article of the antennae. Forewings are uniformly dark brown to black. The male cercus is linear and evenly tapered with an oblique distal edge. The article of the clasper is not projected beyond the adjacent lobes of the proximal article (Schmid, 1983)." 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1067-Habitat 1067 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Flowing waters, often cold." 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1067-TrophicStrategy 1067 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on mosses. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1068-Distribution 1068 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "M. gelidum, is a circumboreal species. In the nearctic zone, from Alaska east to the North West Territories, with its range extending south into the prairie provinces. Also can be found in northern Quebec (Schmid, 1983)." 1/8/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1068-GeneralDescription 1068 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively variable species. Colouration of the adult bodies ranges from purplish-black with clear golden hairs, to rust-brown bodies, with similarily coloured hairs. Forewings can vary from grey with golden hairs, to black-brown, with similarily coloured hairs. The cercus in the males, is uniform in width and tapers to a rounded tip in the distal third. Base of the clasper is robust and has a rounded dorsal process (Schmid, 1983)." 1/8/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1068-Habitat 1068 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small clear streams and sometimes found in ponds in the tundra. 1/8/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1068-TrophicStrategy 1068 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on mosses. 1/8/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1088-ConservationStatus 1088 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1088-Cyclicity 1088 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly between late May to late August. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1088-Distribution 1088 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "North in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, south to California and New Mexico. This species is restircted to the Cordillera west of the Great Plains, except one Quebec record." 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1088-GeneralDescription 1088 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are brown-cream, with the vertex of the head and thorax dark-brown. The legs are brownish-yellow with brown spurs. The dorso-posterior edge of segment 9 on the adult male, is developed into a pair of long uniform processes with ventrally directed acuminate tips (longer than the cerci). The claspers are a complex of lobes and teeth (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1088-Habitat 1088 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat All mountain or foothill streams/rivers. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1088-LifeCycle 1088 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae exhibit a two-year lifecycle. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1088-TrophicStrategy 1088 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious in the summer months and phytophagous at other times. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1089-ConservationStatus 1089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not commonly seen. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1089-Cyclicity 1089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are flying between mid-May to mid-August. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1089-Distribution 1089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Circumpolar, from western Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to the northeastern United States and Michigan. It is restricted to the boreal forest and northward by the treeline. Ladogensis refers to Lake Ladogen, over which suppiles were flown to Leningrad during WWII." 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1089-GeneralDescription 1089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are a pale yellow-brown. The vertex of the head is a deep red-brown and the thorax is deep purplish brown-black and laterally with red-brown mottling. The legs are brown and straw-coloured distally with brown spurs. The dorso-posterior edge of segment 9 on the adult male is developed into a pair of large, ventrally curved, tapered and acuminate processes. The clasper is small and has a dorsally projected, almost pedicillate, thumb-like process on the mesal face (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1089-Habitat 1089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clear, cold streams/rivers on gravel/boulder bottoms." 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1089-LifeCycle 1089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species overwinters as the larval stage and pupates in late May or June. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1089-TrophicStrategy 1089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae are predacious. 1/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 896-ConservationStatus 896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Local and scarce, but no obvious reasons for concern." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 896-Cyclicity 896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through early July. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 896-Distribution 896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Nova Scotia (the Type Locality) across southern Canada to Vancouver Island, south to Florida. In Alberta, it has only been collected in the Edmonton area." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 896-GeneralDescription 896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.4-3.1 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth with pointed wings; The males and females are very different in appearance. The male is dull black, with the lines obsolete except for a few paler dots on the veins. The only prominent marking is a small white patch on the lower edge of the forewings. The female, which is a bit smaller than the male, has the basal half of the forewings black, outlined with a thin white line except for a narrow light brown patch along the bottom. The outer half of the forewings are pale brown, almost white where they meet the black basal half, and darkening towards the outer margin. The subterminal line is marked by a series of large, blurred grey spots, and there is a short dark streak from the subterminal line to the apex. The hindwings are dark grey-brown, unmarked. The antennae in both sexes simple." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 896-Habitat 896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature deciduous and mixed woodland. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 896-LifeCycle 896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. It appears to be rare wherever it occurs. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 896-TrophicStrategy 896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere in Canada the reported hosts are Alternate-leaf, Western Flowering, and Red-osier dogwoods. (Cornus sp.)." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 897-ConservationStatus 897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status At the extreme western edge of their range; no concerns. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 897-Cyclicity 897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults on the wing in Alberta in July. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 897-Distribution 897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Maine and Quebec west across southern Canada to the foothills, south to Georgia and Iowa. In Alberta, it has only been collected on the southern edge of the Aspen parklands, at Olds." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 897-GeneralDescription 897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.8-3.5 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth. The sexes are dimorphic. The male is slightly larger than the female, and is a dark chocolate or sooty brown color, slightly darker in the median area and paler near the apex of the costa. The antemedian and postmedian lines are narrow but prominently marked in lighter scales, and are straight or nearly so for much of their length. The subterminal line is marked by a series of blackish patches between the veins, defined outwardly with pale crescents or a pale broken line. The orbicular is a black spot, and the reniform is obscure. The hindwings are dark brown, unmarked. The female is patterned like the male, but is paler brown. The terminal half of the forewings are even paler, and contrast with the darker basal half, although not nearly to the extent it does in B. palparia or B. bijugalis, and the separation between the two is almost straight (sinuous in the others). Similar to female B. edictalis, which are darker and have more angled and less defined antemedian and postmedian lines. The antennae are simple in both sexes.\n" 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 897-Habitat 897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Woodlands. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 897-LifeCycle 897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 897-TrophicStrategy 897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. All Canadian host records (40) are for Basswood (Tilia americana), a species that does not occur in Alberta. Therefore they must use a different, unidentified host here in the west." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 898-ConservationStatus 898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon and local in Alberta, but no obvious reasons for concern." 12/7/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 898-Cyclicity 898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta through much of June and July. 12/7/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 898-Distribution 898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west across southern Canada to British Columbia, south to Alabama and Texas. In Alberta, it has been collected only in the southern Boreal forest in the Edmonton region." 12/7/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 898-GeneralDescription 898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.7-3.3 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth. The males and females are dimorphic, but not to the extent of B. bijugalis. Both of the sexes can be rather variable in appearance. The male is darker than the female, with most of the forewings a dark brown, somewhat paler in the postmedian area. The erratic antemedian and postmedian lines are narrow and marked with light scales, and the subterminal line is a series of indistinct spots. The orbicular is a black point, the reniform a small black bar, and there is a dark, broken apical dash. The terminal area is also dark, and the fringe is moderately checkered. The hindwings are dark sooty brown. The female is usually a bit smaller, with much greater contrast between the dark basal half and light outer half of the forewings, but otherwise with the same pattern as the male. The hindwings are lighter brown. The antennae in both sexes simple. Overall, B. palparia is much more mottled and less cleanly contrasting than B. bijugalis." 12/7/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 898-Habitat 898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature mixedwood forest. 12/7/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 898-LifeCycle 898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to lights. The larvae are apparently solitary defoliators, and have been collected between late July and early September (in eastern Canada)." 12/7/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 898-TrophicStrategy 898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada reported from Hazel (Corylus) and Ironwood (Ostrya). 12/7/01 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 899-ConservationStatus 899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 899-Cyclicity 899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta in July and August. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 899-Distribution 899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to Vancouver Island, south to California, Utah, Colorado, Texas, Kentucky and North Carolina. In Alberta, it is found from the wooded valleys of the grasslands region, across the Parklands and the lower foothills and the Cypress Hills, north into the southern Boreal Forest to at least the Ft. Assiniboine and Lac la Biche areas." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 899-GeneralDescription 899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.1-3.3 cm wingspan) dull orange-brown moth. The forewings, which are pointed, are crossed by several thin brown oblique and nearly straight lines. There is a faint pinkish iridescence band just outside the postmedian line. The reniform and orbicular are also outlined in a thin brown line, and usually filled with slightly darker scales. The hindwings are darker grey brown, unmarked, and with a pale yellow-brown fringe. The antennae are simple and sexes are similar. In the similar Pseudeva purpurigera, the postmedian line turns abruptly toward the costa near the apex, but in aeroides, the postmedian line runs almost straight to the costa." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 899-Habitat 899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodland edges and clearings, meadows, etc." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 899-LifeCycle 899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood per year. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 899-TrophicStrategy 899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere a variety of woody and herbaceous plants in the families Asteraceae, Laminacea and Rosaceae. Possibly a general feeder on herbaceous plants." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 907-ConservationStatus 907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread species, no concerns." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 907-Cyclicity 907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing July to mid-August. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 907-Distribution 907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada, from Nova Scotia west to Vancouver Island; south to Texas and Georgia. In Alberta, it apparently occurs throughout much of the Boreal Forest region, north to Zama Lake, south in the riparian cottonwood groves along the Red Deer River at Dinosaur Provincial Park." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 907-GeneralDescription 907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.5-1.9 cm wingspan) broad-winged light yellow or pale tan moth, with the median line forming a wide, elliptical brown patch near the costa, covering two small purple reniform dots. The fine, dark brown antemedian and postmedian lines swing out toward the apex in parallel. The terminal area and fringe shade to dark brown, and there are scattered dark scales over the remainder of the forewings. The hindwings are only slightly paler than the forewing ground, darker shaded toward the margin, and with a faint median line. The antennae are simple and both of the sexes are similar. It is not likely to be mistaken for any other moth." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 907-Habitat 907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clearings, meadows, edges and lush grassy areas." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 907-LifeCycle 907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light and to sugar baits. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 907-TrophicStrategy 907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported as either unknown, or as using grasses (Covell, 1982)." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 908-ConservationStatus 908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An annual immigrant. No concerns. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 908-Cyclicity 908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults appear from late July through October. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 908-Distribution 908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout much of the world, wherever the climate is warm enough. It occurs throughout North America, north to southern Canada, and from Newfoundland west to Vancouver Island. In Alberta, it has been recorded north to Nordegg and Edmonton." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 908-GeneralDescription 908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.6 cm wingspan), dark brown moth. The forewings are dark grey-brown with a scattering of lighter brown scales. The normal lines and spots are absent or greatly reduced. The only prominent mark is the silvery white stigma in the center of the forewings. This is comprised of a u-shaped mark with a silvery spot just distad of the base of it, nearly or just touching it. The upper part of the postmedian line is reduced to a series of thin, black streaks or loops. The terminal line is marked with a series of black crescents following the scalloped wing margin. The hindwings are dark sooty brown, paler in the basal half and darkening toward the margin. The fringe is pale, with brown scales marking the ends of the veins. The antennae are simple, and both sexes are alike." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 908-Habitat 908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas, croplands, gardens, etc" 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 908-LifeCycle 908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. It is primarily a tropical species that probably cannot winter north of the southern United States, and that re-invades southern Canada in late summer each year. The larvae feed on a huge variety of plants, and in warmer climates, it is considered a serious agricultural pest on various crops, in particular members of the cabbage family." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 908-TrophicStrategy 908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The list of foodplants for ni reads like a compendium of herbaceous plants of the world. However, it seems to be particularly fond of species in the Brassicaceae, especially species of Brassica. (Lafontaine and Poole, 1991)." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1116-ConservationStatus 1116 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This is a rarely encountered species, at the northern edge of its range in Alberta" 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1116-Cyclicity 1116 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May to July. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1116-Distribution 1116 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Juanita ranges from the grasslands of southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta south across the Great Plains to northern Mexico. In Alberta, it has been collected in the Grasslands region, in the Lethbridge and Drumheller areas." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1116-GeneralDescription 1116 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium to large-size (4.5-6.0 cm wingspan) narrow-winged diurnal moth. The forewings are light yellow-brown or greenish-brown, crossed by a wide dark brown median band, bordered on the outside edge by a light orange band, which in turn blends into a dark terminal border. The hindwings are orange bordered with black. The body is light yellow-brown." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1116-Habitat 1116 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie roadsides and meadows. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1116-LifeCycle 1116 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Juanita is another small colorful day-flying sphinx moth that may be found nectaring at flowers. Unlike most sphingid larvae, those of juanita lack an anal ""horn"". There is a single brood each year." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1116-TrophicStrategy 1116 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere reported larval hosts include Evening Primrose (Oenothera sp.) and Willowherb (Epilobium sp.). 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1117-ConservationStatus 1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common and widespread species; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1117-Cyclicity 1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Open woodland, woodland edges and clearings, shrub stands, etc." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1117-Distribution 1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to Yukon and central British Columbia, south to Florida, Missisissippi, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. It occurs in wooded areas throughout Alberta." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1117-GeneralDescription 1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (5.0-7.0 cm wingspan) sphinx moth with pale grey forewings with darker grey and black markings. Hindwings are pink hindwings with a wide white border and a large black spot in the anal angle, which contains two parallel blue spots or bars. It can be confused only with the One-eyed Sphinx, which is larger and has a more complex dark pattern on the forewings. The combination of the two blue bars in the hindwing spot (a circle in the One-eyed sphinx) and the sharp border between the pink and the pale ground of the hindwing (shading together in One-eyed sphinx) will identify the Twin-spot Sphinx. Male Twin-spot sphinx also have much longer pectinations of the antennae than do males of One-eyed sphinx. D. Macaulay image" 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1117-Habitat 1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults have been collected in Alberta from early May through mid-July. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1117-LifeCycle 1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Twin-spot Sphinx rivals the One-eyed Sphinx in its beauty. Although not quite as common, it is found in the same habitats, and the two species are often collected together. Like the One-eyed, the Twin-spot comes to light. It is never (?) found nectaring at flowers, even at dusk, as are some other species of sphinx. The larvae are solitary defoliators and there appears to be a single brood each year." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1117-TrophicStrategy 1117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported larval hosts include willows (Salix), ash (Fraxinus), birch (Betula), plum and choke cherry (Prunus), pears (Pyrus), elm (Ulmus) and Poplar (Populus). Willows appears to be the preferred host." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1118-ConservationStatus 1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species at the northern edge of its range in Alberta. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1118-Cyclicity 1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May though July. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1118-Distribution 1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily a moth of the hardwood forests, chersis is found throughout much of the treed portions of North America south of the boreal forest and extending south into northern Mexico. In Alberta, it has been reported only in the grasslands region, from the South Saskatchewan River south." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1118-GeneralDescription 1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (9.0-13.0 cm wingspan) narrow-winged dull grey moth. The forewings each have four fine horizontal black dashes, the uppermost reaching the apex, and a small diffuse black blotch at the wing base. The hindwings are pale grey with two broad black horizontal bands. The abdomen has a series of large alternating black and white spots along the sides. The much commoner S. vashti averages much smaller than chersis (6.5-10.0 cm wingspan), and has sharper black dashes and better defined banding, and usually has a paler forewing costa, especially on the basal half. Other Alberta Sphinx species have either extensive black on the forewings or very different patterns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1118-Habitat 1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry woodland, urban areas and other plantations." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1118-LifeCycle 1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are mainly nocturnal, and come to light, but will also visit flowers for nectar late in the evening. The larvae are solitary defoliators. The pupae overwinter in the soil. There is a single brood each year." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1118-TrophicStrategy 1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada, ash (Fraxinus sp.), yellow and white birch (Betula sp.), pincherry (Prunus pennsylvanica), Dogwood (Cornus sp.) and Canada plum (Prunus nigra). Other hosts reported in the literature include, lilac (Syringa), aspen (Populus tremuloides) and Ligustrum. Adults have been observed nectaring at garden flowers at dusk in Saskatchewan." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1119-ConservationStatus 1119 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A single historical record only. An accidental introduction. No concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1119-Cyclicity 1119 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Pine forest. 1/10/02 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1119-Distribution 1119 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Europe and Asia to Japan; occassionally in North America due to accidental introductions. There is a single old Alberta record from the Red Deer area. 1/10/02 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1119-GeneralDescription 1119 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large (7.5-9.0 cm. wingspan), narrow-winged moth, smooth dark grey-brown forewings with markings confined to three short, prominent black streaks in the median area, and a smaller one near the apex. Fringe checkered." 1/10/02 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1119-Habitat 1119 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The only Alberta record is for an adult collected in July. 1/10/02 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1119-TrophicStrategy 1119 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to utilize a variety of Pines (Pinus sp.). 1/10/02 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 913-ConservationStatus 913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread and fairly common insect; no concerns. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 913-Cyclicity 913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are on the wing late April through July, depending on elevation or latitude." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 913-Distribution 913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Subspecies gigans is a larger subspecies ocurring in the foothills and mountains of western Canada. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 913-GeneralDescription 913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size pale grey moth with a dark band and lines crossing the forewing. Very similar to and often mixed in collections with Furcula scolopendrina and F. modesta. The light areas of the forewing are pale pearl grey in occidentalis (white in scolopendrina and pale tan in modesta), and the series of fine, parallel zig-zag lines crossing the outer half of the forewing are sharper and more complete in occidentalis, but usually blurred or incomplete in scolopendrina. Specimens from the foothills and mountains may have to be dissected for positive determination. The male of occidentalis has a much shorter, stouter tip to the uncus than scolopendrina does. Both sexes are similar, but the females are larger and broader-winged, and with filiform antennae (bipectinate in males).\nSpecimens from the mountains are larger and darker, and have been named subspecies gigans.\n" 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 913-Habitat 913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and shrubland. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 913-LifeCycle 913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be but a single brood, which overwinters as pupae. The larvae are solitary defoliators." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 913-TrophicStrategy 913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Available. Elsewhere willows (Salix) and poplars (Populus), with willows reported to be the preferred host." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 934-ConservationStatus 934 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly widespread common species; no concerns. 12/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 934-Cyclicity 934 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta adults are on the wing from late June through late August, with the peak in the later hal" 12/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 934-Distribution 934 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec and Maine south to Virginia and Kentucky, west to the foothills of Alberta and the Peace River area of BC. In Alberta found throughout the parklands and boreal forest, south to the Red Deer River and north to at least Gregoire Lake." 12/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 934-GeneralDescription 934 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-3.7.0 cm wingspan) broad-winged two-toned brown moth. Palps very long, more than twice the length of the head. The forewings are light brown to dark black-brown, with the area between the antemedian and postmedian lines usually darker than the rest of the wing and often linked in the middle by a wide rusty black bar. The orbicular is a small solid black oblong or oval, and the reniform a larger more angular spot or lunule. There is also usually a large dark blotch on the outer margin just below the pointed apex. In darker specimens, the paler antemedian and postmedian lines stand out against the dark ground. The amount of contrast between light and dark areas varies greatly in specimens. Hindwings sooty brown. Sexes similar, but females often lighter brown, with slightly broader, less pointed wings. Antennae filiform. B. edictalis resembles a large dark geometrid moth more than it does a noctuid." 12/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 934-Habitat 934 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood woodlands. 12/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 934-LifeCycle 934 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are single brooded in Alberta, nocturnal and come to light. The immature stages are apparently unknown." 12/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 934-TrophicStrategy 934 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 12/10/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 953-ConservationStatus 953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare, uncommon." 12/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 953-Cyclicity 953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Inadequate information, expected activity of adults late June through August." 12/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 953-Distribution 953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Sporadic occurances are recorded through the boreal forest region of Canada. In Alberta the only records are from the sand dunes in northeast. Most records are from the southern (Texas to Florida) and eastern states (New Jersey and south) of the USA," 12/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 953-GeneralDescription 953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The dorsal surface is dark brown to black with yellow-orange maculation often joining into a longitudinal irrigular band. The evenly elevated elytral inter strial spaces help separate this species from similar appearing B. nutalli. The last abdomenal sternite usually has a pair of orange spots. Adult length is 10 to 15 mm. 12/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 953-Habitat 953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Northern Conifer forests. 12/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 953-LifeCycle 953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very little is know about this species. 12/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 953-TrophicStrategy 953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In the south, these beetles feed on a variety of pines. In Alberta it is suspected to use Jack Pine." 12/12/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1036-ConservationStatus 1036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1036-Cyclicity 1036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are flying from early July to late August. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1036-Distribution 1036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range of this species extends from Alberta and British Columbia to Oregon and Utah. In Alberta, O. ruthae is only found in the mountain and foothill areas, between the altitude of 1500 and 1800 meters." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1036-GeneralDescription 1036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The antennae and the body of Oligophlebodes ruthae adults are approximately uniform dark brown. Further identification requires dissection of male genitalia. In the male genitalia, the clasper distal process is long, slender, black and directed postero-ventrad." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1036-Habitat 1036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Varies from slow, gentle foothill creeks to rougher, boulder mountain creeks." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1036-LifeCycle 1036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). The larvae develop from fall to summer. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1036-TrophicStrategy 1036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are detritovores, feeding on diatoms." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1037-ConservationStatus 1037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare in Alberta, only one recorded specimen." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1037-Cyclicity 1037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta record was collected in July. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1037-Distribution 1037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In North America, O. sierra can be found in British Columbia, south to California, and east to Colorado. In Alberta, only one specimen has been collected at Waterton Lakes National Park." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1037-GeneralDescription 1037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The antennae of the adults are light brown, with the vertex of the head a uniform reddish brown. The thorax is uniformly yellow or pale brownish-purple. Further genitalia dissection of males are required for species identification. The distal process of the clasper is short, black and directed posterad. It also has a disto-ventral tooth." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1037-Habitat 1037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Large, rocky and turbulent rivers." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1037-LifeCycle 1037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). The larvae develop from fall to summer. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1037-TrophicStrategy 1037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are detritovores, feeding on diatoms." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1038-ConservationStatus 1038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not rare. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1038-Cyclicity 1038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are flying between mid-July to mid-August. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1038-Distribution 1038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Presently found only in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta and Montana. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1038-GeneralDescription 1038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The antennae of the adults are light ot dark brown, with the vertex of the head dark brown. Adults have a dark reddish brown thorax. Further genitalia dissection of males are required for species identification. The distal process of the male clasper is short, black and curved dorsad." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1038-Habitat 1038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small,turbulent, boulder or course gravel mountain streams/creeks." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1038-LifeCycle 1038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). The larvae develop from fall to summer. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1038-TrophicStrategy 1038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on detritus and diatoms.. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1039-ConservationStatus 1039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1039-Cyclicity 1039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are flying from mid-June to mid-August. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1039-Distribution 1039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In North America, N. alicia is known from Alberta and British Columbia, south to Oregon, Utah and Colorado. In Alberta, they are associated with habitats that are mountainous (1350 m to 2100 m) and close to the continental divide." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1039-GeneralDescription 1039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Antennae of the adults are dark brown. The paler scape is six times longer than the pedicel and has a long group of hyaline hairs on the mesal faces. The vertex of the head is red-brown with scattered spatulate-tipped hairs on the froms. The thorax is light yellow to red-brown. The tenth segment of the male genitalia, is a large median process that is curved postero-ventrad and tapers to a blunt point. The lateral process is almost linear, ending with a pair of v-bifid arms that narrows to a point." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1039-Habitat 1039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small to large, smoothly flowing mountain streams." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1039-LifeCycle 1039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae winter for two years and pupate in clusters on the lower surfaces of rocks (Wiggins, 1996). Adults will emerge in the summer of the third year." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1039-TrophicStrategy 1039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on fine organic particle; such as diatoms and algae. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1040-ConservationStatus 1040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare, only one specimen collected." 1/2/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1040-Cyclicity 1040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta recorded was collected in June. 1/2/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1040-Distribution 1040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution So far the only known specimen was collected in the Lake Louise area. 1/2/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1040-GeneralDescription 1040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The head of the adults are covered by very long, golden hairs which are slightly denser between the scapes of the antennae. The forewings are uniformly golden brown. Overall, very similar to Neothremma alicia, including the male genitalia. In N. laloukesi males, the clasper dorsal lobe is narrower at the base and slightly clavate. On the ventral lobe, the distal tooth is located at the very tip of the lobe versus just proximad of the tip as in N. alicia." 1/2/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1040-LifeCycle 1040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The larvae winter for two years and emerge as adults in the summer of the third year. 1/2/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1040-TrophicStrategy 1040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on fine organic particles, diatoms and algae." 1/2/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1041-ConservationStatus 1041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not commonly collected. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1041-Cyclicity 1041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, there are only two records of capture, both in early September." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1041-Distribution 1041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Reported from British Columbia and Alberta, south to California and east to Idaho and Montana. In Alberta, it has only been collected from the south-western corner of the province, from the Oldman River south to Waterton Lakes National Parks." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1041-GeneralDescription 1041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae of Neophylax rickeri are straw coloured, with dark brown scape and pedicel. The vertex of the head is a yellow-brown which is bordered by lateral ocelli, and grey-brown frontal and median warts. The thorax has a straw coloured backgound with grey-brown shading. On segment 9 of the male, the dorso-posterior edge is developed into a postero-ventrally directed, long and tapered process with a rounded tip. The cercus is similarly developed, situated parallel to the process from segment 9." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1041-Habitat 1041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small, quiet, gravel creeks or rocky foothill rivers." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1041-LifeCycle 1041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In autumn and winter, the larvae will generally grow and overwinter. During the spring and early summer, final instars will fasten their cases to rocks and seal off the openings, remaining quiescent in a prepupal diapause. Adults emerge and aestivate for some weeks." 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1041-TrophicStrategy 1041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on diatoms and fine organic particles. 1/2/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1049-ConservationStatus 1049 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Quite uncommon. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1049-Cyclicity 1049 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are flying from mid-July to early August. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1049-Distribution 1049 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The known range for A. debilis ranges from Utah and Colorado to Alberta, British Columbia and Oregon. In Alberta, it is found in the far southwest of the province (Highwood area), between 1370 and 1520 meters in altitude." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1049-GeneralDescription 1049 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are about two thirds body length and reddish-brown in colour. The first flagellar annulus is one and a half times the length of the second annulus on the antennae. Both the vertex and the frons are dark brown to chocolate. The male claspers are long, widened distally, curved postero-ventrad and distally bifid." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1049-Habitat 1049 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small, pebbly, rippling foothill streams." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1049-LifeCycle 1049 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). Data not available. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1049-TrophicStrategy 1049 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed in detritus, algae and diatoms." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1050-ConservationStatus 1050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1050-Cyclicity 1050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly between early May to late August. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1050-Distribution 1050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range of G. alascense extends from Alaska, south to Utah and from Montana to Oregon. In Alberta, it is primarily found in the mountains and foothills of the Rockies, with one record from the plains, at Edmonton." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1050-GeneralDescription 1050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are pale reddish-brown and two thirds of the body in length, with the basal annulus more than twice the length of the second annulus. Both the vertex of the head and frons are deep reddish-brown with a black suture and pale warts. The process on segment 10 of males is visible. The process is long and thin, it curves dorsally and narrows to a point (Nimmo, 1974)." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1050-Habitat 1050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Turbulent mountain to smooth flowing plains streams and smaller gentler creeks. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1050-LifeCycle 1050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). Data not available. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1050-TrophicStrategy 1050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on detritus, algae and diatoms." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20774-ConservationStatus 20774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20774-Cyclicity 20774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to mid August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20774-Distribution 20774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alaska to Newfoundland, south to California and North Carolina." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20774-GeneralDescription 20774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is distinctly marked with a white costal triangle before the postmedian area. The inner half of the forewing is pale yellowish brown, while the remainder is darker brown with some black shading towards the anal angle. The outer margin is sometimes pale yellow and reticulated with darker brown. In some specimens there are small irregular purple blotches through much of the wing. In the subspecies C. p. forbesi which occurs in western areas and has some intergrades in SW Alberta the forewing is overall more orange-brown and the triangle is more slender.\nThe larva is green with darker green mid-dorsal and sub-dorsal stripes. The head is brownish yellow with some black in the ocellar area and a dark lateral stripe. (Duncan 2006)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20774-Habitat 20774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous and mixed forest. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20774-LifeCycle 20774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Eggs are laid in masses on foliage of the host and hatch in 10 to 12 days. First instar larvae are unusually active and will either descend from the tree on a silken line to the ground or climb higher in the tree. The solitary larva hibernates on the ground and resume feeding in the spring until June. They start by feeding on low herbaceous plants and then later ascend up trees. Unlike most related species the later instars do not often descend on silken lines and will leap off of their substrate if disturbed. They pupate under loose bark or on the ground. (Duncan 2006; Chapman & Lienk 1971). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20774-TrophicStrategy 20774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy A broad variety of coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs. (Duncan 2006) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 808-ConservationStatus 808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 808-Cyclicity 808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from the last week in July through early September. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 808-Distribution 808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Maine and Quebec west to southern Alberta and Montana, south to South Carolina in the east and at least Montana in the west. In Alberta it is present along the valleys of the grasslands region, north along the Red Deer river to Tolman Bridge, east of Trochu. It is rather local, but may be fairly common when found." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 808-GeneralDescription 808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (6.5-7.5 cm ws) moth with powdery grey forewings and deep red-orange hindwings. The forewings are grey and rather evenly patterned, with few contrasts or strong markings compared to similar species. The hindwings are deep red-orange or scarlet, with a wide outer black band. The narrower median black band extends almost to the anal margin, and usually has a short upward turn at the end that is separated from the rest of the band, or a small separate dark spot. The amount of contrast on the forewings may vary considerably, and occasional melanic specimens with much darker forewings occur. Meskei can be told from hermia and semirelicta by the red-orange rather than pink hindwings. Unijuga is larger and has wider dark bands on the hindwings, and more dark hairs in the basal area. The forewings are also more contrasting black and white, with stronger markings. Luciana and parta have paler orange-pink or salmon hindwings, not as dark or red as meskei. Some specimens of meskei (""form orion?"") have much lighter, orange hindwings. Subspecies orion was described as a new species from Lethbridge. Another subspecies, concolorata, has also been reported from southern AB, but both names should probably be treated as forms rather than as subspecies." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 808-Habitat 808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Cottonwood forest along the river valleys of the plains. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 808-LifeCycle 808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but are much more common at sugar baits. The adults eclose and lay eggs in the fall, which overwinter. There is a single brood each year." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 808-TrophicStrategy 808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, reared from Western Cottonwood (Populus sargentii). Elsewhere reported to use Poplars (Populus sp., including P. deltoides, P. grandidentata and P. nigra), and willows (Salix sp.)" 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 809-ConservationStatus 809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Possibly dependent the cottonwood and tree willow stands along the southern river valleys. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 809-Cyclicity 809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been captured between mid-August and mid-September. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 809-Distribution 809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia south to Maryland and Kentucky, west to southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, western Montana and Utah. In western Canada, it appears to be restricted to the wooded parts of the prairies. In Alberta, it has been collected in the arid grasslands region, north to Dinosaur Provincial Park." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 809-GeneralDescription 809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of the largest underwing moths found in Alberta (7.0 -7.8 cm wingspan). The forewings are pale grey, mottled with darker grey and whitish patches. There are poorly defined but noticeable black streaks at the wing base, in the fold and in the sub-apical area. The area just inside the reniform spot is white, and the space immediately below the reniform forms a large, rather prominent squared white spot. A third pale area is located midway down the subterminal band. The hindwings are salmon or orange-pink, crossed by a rather narrow and cleanly defined black median band. There is a wide black terminal band bordered by a narrow and somewhat scalloped orange-white fringe. Adults are alike, and both sexes have simple antennae. The large size, patchy looking grey forwings and salmon-colored hindwings will help to identify parta." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 809-Habitat 809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Riparian cottonwood forests and urban plantings in the grassland region. 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 809-LifeCycle 809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but they are best collected using sugar baits. The adults emerge in late summer and early fall, and the eggs overwinter. The larvae, which are solitary defoliators, hatch in May and can be found until early August. There is a single brood each year." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 809-TrophicStrategy 809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to use willows (Salix sp.), cottonwood and other poplars (Populus sp.)." 11/22/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1120-ConservationStatus 1120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread moth; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1120-Cyclicity 1120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early May to late August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1120-Distribution 1120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "West to Vancouver Island, south to southern California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. In Alberta, vashti is common throughout the Grasslands and Aspen Parklands regions, north into the settled areas of the southern Boreal forest to at least Barrhead, as well as in the Peace River district. They have also been collected in the dryer open areas of the foothills and low elevations in the mountains, from about Calgary, south." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1120-GeneralDescription 1120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The smallest of the ""grey"" Alberta sphinx, but nevertheless a large\n(6.5-10.0 cm wingspan), narrow-winged heavy-bodied moth. The forewings are dull grey with four short black horizontal streaks, a bent apical streak and a thin prominent black subterminal line. The lower half of the forewing base is darker grey and contrasts with the costa, which is much paler on the basal half. Hindwings are white with a narrow black median band and a broad black terminal band with a narrow grey outer edge. The fringe of both wings is dark grey. The thorax is variable, black to pale grey, and there are prominent black and white spots along the sides of the abdomen. S. chersis is similar but larger and has a much less contrasting pattern, especially on the hindwings. Old Alberta records of Sphinx mordecai (Bowman, 1951) refer to vashti." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1120-Habitat 1120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodland, shrubby areas, edges, clearings etc." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1120-LifeCycle 1120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The Vashti sphinx is nocturnal and comes to light. Larvae are solitary defoliators and overwinter as pupae. They have a rather extended flight period in Alberta and the possibility of more than one brood per season should be investigated. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1120-TrophicStrategy 1120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data: elsewhere snowberry (Symphoricarpos sp.) is reported to be the larval host. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1121-ConservationStatus 1121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species; no concerns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1121-Cyclicity 1121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-May through early September. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1121-Distribution 1121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland and Labrador west across southern Canada to central British Columbia, south to northern California, Arizona and Texas. It has been found throughout the southern half of Alberta, north in the cultivated parts of the southern Boreal forest and Foothills regions to the Nordegg, Edmonton and Ashmont areas." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1121-GeneralDescription 1121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) moth with two color-forms, dark-brown or grey. The grey form, most common early in the season, is light grey with little mottling, shading to dark brown in the lower half of the forewing, between the antemedian and postmedian lines and in a band from the apex to the outer lower margin. The brown form is dark red-brown over most of the forewing except for a paler grey brown area at the wing base and along the outer margin. Stigma is a curved silver bar, rounded on the outer end, with a short spur on the upper arm. The lower arm continues as the lower half of the antemedian line. Hindwings in both forms are light red-brown, with a distinct narrow postmedian band and shading to a wide dark terminal band. The antennae are simple and boht the sexes are alike." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1121-Habitat 1121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas, including roadsides, meadows, pastures, gardens, cropland, bogs etc." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1121-LifeCycle 1121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are active during both day and at night, and are attracted to light." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1121-TrophicStrategy 1121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere the larvae are known to feed on a wide variety of herbaceous plants as well as a few shrubs. In some areas south and east of Alberta, it is a serious pest on cultivated crops such as beets, celery, corn, lettuce, cabbage, carrots and blueberry. Reported non-cultivated hosts include plantain, clover, and Viburnum." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1122-ConservationStatus 1122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1122-Cyclicity 1122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June through mid-August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1122-Distribution 1122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found from Newfoundland west to the Alaska panhandle, south to central California, Arizona and New Mexico in the west and North Carolina in the east. It is found throughout Alberta, from the wooded valleys of the southern Grasslands region north to Zama Lake and Lake Athabasca, as well as in the foothills, mountains and the Cypress Hills." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1122-GeneralDescription 1122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (3.8-4.2 cm wingspan) grey and brown moth. The forewings are a smooth, slightly mottled ash grey, with a large blackish red-brown patch filling the posterior half between the antemedian and postmedian lines. There is also a small dark patch near the apex. Sections of the antemedian and postmedian lines bordering the dark patch are pink, and the top of the patch is bordered by a thin silver-white open U or V-shaped stigma. Hindwings are dull brown. The antennae are simple and both the sexes are alike. Very similar to Syngrapha epigaea, which lacks the dark apical patches and has less prominent dark median patchs, as well as the structural differences which separate the two genera." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1122-Habitat 1122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodlands, wooded edges and shrubby areas." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1122-LifeCycle 1122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Large Looper is nocturnal and comes to light. Larvae are solitary defoliators of a variety of trees and shrubs. Larvae have been collected in spring and fall, and appear to be the overwintering stage. There is a single brood each year." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1122-TrophicStrategy 1122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No specific Alberta data. Data from Canada (pooled with Alberta data) includes Aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides), willow (Salix), White birch (Betula papyrifera), Balsam poplar (P. balsamifera), and Red alder (Alnus rubifera). Probably a generalist on trees and shrubs, as a variety of additional trees and shrubs have been reported in the literature (see Cunningham and Eichelin, 1978)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1128-ConservationStatus 1128 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common and widespread species, no concerns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1128-Cyclicity 1128 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in July and the first half of August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1128-Distribution 1128 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to coastal northern Alaska, south in the east to New England and in the western mountains to New Mexico, Arizona and California. Also found in the Cypress Hills and The Black Hills of South Dakota. In Alberta, it can be found throughout the Mountain and Foothills regions as well as along the southern part of the Boreal Forest; also in the Cypress Hills." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1128-GeneralDescription 1128 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (4.0-4.5 cm wingspan). Forewings are dark shining grey with strong violet tones. The median area of the forewings below the stigma is a darker rusty black, often with a small rust patch along the lower postmedian line. The prominent stigma is an outward curving silver arc, with the upper half forked. Hindwings are smoky brown, darkening into a broad band along the outer margin. The similar A. california is a bit lighter and less purple, and can be separated from pseudogamma by the short, fine black dash connecting the subterminal and postmedian lines near the apex of the forewings." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1128-Habitat 1128 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Coniferous and mixedwood forests in the mountains, foothills and southern Boreal forest regions." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1128-LifeCycle 1128 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to lights. They have also been captured at dusk while nectaring at Fireweed blossoms. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1128-TrophicStrategy 1128 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. It is likely a general feeder on herbaceous plants as are most species in the genus. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1129-ConservationStatus 1129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, but widespread and habitat appears secure; no concerns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1129-Cyclicity 1129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in June. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1129-Distribution 1129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland west across southern Canada to southeastern BC, south only to Maine and Minnesota. In Alberta, it has been collected in the southern boreal forest north to Lac la Biche, and throughout the foothills. It has also been reported from the Saskatchewan side of the Cypress Hills (Hooper, 1991)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1129-GeneralDescription 1129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5 cm wingspan) moth with dark rusty red-brown forewings with a dark violet tint. The area inside the antemedian line and in the apical and anal angle areas is lighter yellow brown, and there is a short black streak just below the apex. The most prominent mark is the outwardly curved dull silver stigma, partially filled with light rust scales. Hindwings are pale yellow-brown with a dark discal spot, a narrow dark median band and a broad sooty brown terminal band. Antennae are simple and both the sexes are alike." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1129-Habitat 1129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature mixedwood forest. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1129-LifeCycle 1129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1129-TrophicStrategy 1129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host(s) is unknown. It has been reared in captivity on dandelion, and is probably a general feeder." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1130-ConservationStatus 1130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon and local species, at the northeastern edge of its range in the foothills of Alberta." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1130-Cyclicity 1130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1130-Distribution 1130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from the foothills of Alberta west almost to the coast of British Columbia, south to southern Washington, northeastern Oregon, central Idaho, northern Wyoming and central Utah. In Alberta, it has been taken in the foothills and low elevations in the mountains, north almost to Hinton." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1130-GeneralDescription 1130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.8-4.0 cm wingspan) contrasting grey and black moth. Forewings are smooth, almost iridescent pale violet grey and dark slate grey. The basal area and the areas distal to the postmedian and subterminal lines are pale violet grey, while the median area, especially around and below the stigma, and the area along the basal side of the subterminal line is dark slate grey and black. The stigma is a small, silvery white v-shape with an extension to the antemedian line. Forewing pattern is very attractive, and unlike any other Alberta moth. Hindwings are dark sooty grey-brown, antennae are simple, and both the sexes are alike." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1130-Habitat 1130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Openings and edges in mature mixedwood forest. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1130-LifeCycle 1130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1130-TrophicStrategy 1130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Probably general feeders on herbaceous plants like most other members of the genus. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1132-ConservationStatus 1132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status At the western edge of the range in Alberta. No concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1132-Cyclicity 1132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta in July and early August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1132-Distribution 1132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland west across the southern boreal forest to central and northern Alberta, south to Maryland, Kentucky and North Carolina. In Alberta, it has been collected in the Boreal forest in the eastern half of the province, from the Edmonton area north to Lake Athabasca." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1132-GeneralDescription 1132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.5 cm. wingspan) moth with pale grey (sometimes with a pinkbrown tint) forewings and dark hindwings. The forewing pattern is unusual and unmistakable. A wide, dirty white swath runs in an arc from the wing base along the leading edge to about mid-wing, with the area below this grey-brown. The outer half of the forewing has a series of narrow wavy bands of black, dark grey-brown, and brown shading into a broad subterminal pale grey band and a narrow blackish terminal band followed by fine pale and dark grey bands. Hindwings are dark smoky brown, faintly banded and slightly darkening toward the outer margin. The antennae are simple, and both the sexes are similar." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1132-Habitat 1132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sandy jackpine forest and other well-drained boreal woodlands. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1132-LifeCycle 1132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1132-TrophicStrategy 1132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, the larvae are reported to feed on Blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) and Huckleberry (Gaylussacia sp.), both in the family, Ericaceae." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1124-ConservationStatus 1124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread, common species, and a crop pest south of Alberta. No concerns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1124-Cyclicity 1124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are collected occasionally in late May, but the main flight is from late July through October" 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1124-Distribution 1124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from northern Mexico to Alaska, east to Manitoba, South Dakota, Kansas and New Mexico. It is a common and widespread species in Alberta, north in the Foothills, Grasslands and Aspen Parklands region and into the southern Boreal Forest." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1124-GeneralDescription 1124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.6-4.2 cm wingspan) grey-black moth with a silvery sheen in fresh specimens. Forewings are mottled pale grey in the basal and subterminal areas, with dark blackish-brown in the lower median area and along the subterminal line. The antemedian and postmedian lines and the area below the stigma are dark red-brown. Stigma is silvery white, forming an outward curving arc with a rounded tip and with a widely separated fork at the upper end. About one-third of the way down the subterminal line is a black dash which connects the subterminal and postmedian lines. This black dash is diagnostic and will separate californica from the very similar A. pseudogamma. Hindwings are dark sooty brown-black, paler in the basal half and shading into a wide dark terminal band. The antennae are simple and both the sexes are alike." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1124-Habitat 1124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open meadows, hayfields, croplands, gardens and woodland edges." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1124-LifeCycle 1124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are both noctural and diurnal, and have been collected in light traps as well as while nectaring during the day. In late fall, they can be quite common and found nectaring during the afternoon at late blooming plants such as Alfalfa and garden Marigolds. It appears that there is a small spring emergence and a much larger late summer and fall generation in Alberta." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1124-TrophicStrategy 1124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. A pest on a variety of forage and vegetable crops further south, and probably also a variety of native herbaceous plants. Eichelin and Cunningham (1978) list over 50 genera in over 25 families of herbaceous plants and woody shrubs used as hosts by larvae of californica." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1125-ConservationStatus 1125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but uncommon species. No obvious reasons for concern. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1125-Cyclicity 1125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June through mid-August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1125-Distribution 1125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west across southern Canada to southeastern British Columbia, south in the east to Maine, Michigan and Wisconsin. There are isolated reports from further south (Pennsylvania and Colorado). In Alberta, it has been collected in the Foothills, Aspen Parkland and southern Boreal Forest regions, north to Nordegg and Edmonton. It has also been collected in the wooded valleys in the Grassland Region and in the Saskatchewan Cypress Hills." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1125-GeneralDescription 1125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan). Forewings are dark grey-brown or brown. The basal, antemedian, postmedian and terminal lines are bordered by pale scales, and are prominent. The most distinctive marking is the large silver stigma, which curves in a gentle arc from the antemedian line to the postmedian line. There is a narrow patch of paler yellow brown scales beneath the outer half of the stigma and large patches of dark brown metallic scales between the postmedian and terminal lines. Hindwings are dark brown with an indistinct discal mark and median band. The antennae are simple and both the sexes are essentially alike. Similar to the smaller A. rubida, but the much larger and more prominent stigma will identify flagellum." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1125-Habitat 1125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clearings, edges and openings in mature mixedwood and deciduous woodland." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1125-LifeCycle 1125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1125-TrophicStrategy 1125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, reported larval hosts include Helianthus sp. and Liatris sp.. Like the other members of the genus it is probably a general feeder on herbaceous plants." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1126-ConservationStatus 1126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1126-Cyclicity 1126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-June through mid-August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1126-Distribution 1126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland west across the wooded portions of Canada to Vancouver Island, south in the east to Maine, New Hampshire and Wisconsin, and in the western mountains south to Colorado and Oregon. In Alberta, it has been collected throughout the wooded areas, from the wooded portions of the valleys of the Grasslands region and the Foothills north through the Boreal Forest to Lake Athabasca and Zama." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1126-GeneralDescription 1126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan). The forewings are rich chestnut brown crossed by numerous wavy bands and lines of darker brown and black in a very unusual and distinctive pattern. There are scattered silver gold metallic scales in the lower parts of the antemedian and postmedian lines, as well as along the basal line and outlining parts of the reniform and orbicular spots. There is also a prominent two-part metallic gold stigma in the center of the forewings; the basal segment an open u-shape and the separate distal part an infilled oval or spot. The antennae are simple and both the sexes are similar. There are no closely similar species." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1126-Habitat 1126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodland, clearings and edges, bogs and fens." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1126-LifeCycle 1126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1126-TrophicStrategy 1126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, recorded larval hosts include nettles (Urtica) and blueberry (Vaccinium sp.)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1127-ConservationStatus 1127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon moth at the eastern edge of its range in the mountains of Alberta. No obvious concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1127-Cyclicity 1127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, adults have been captured in July and August." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1127-Distribution 1127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species. Reported from the southern Alaska coast and the Queen Charlotte and Vancouver Islands south to central California, east to the Alberta-British Columbia border and south in the Rocky Mountains to central Colorado. In Alberta, it has been collected only in the mountains in the extreme southwest corner of the province." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1127-GeneralDescription 1127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.8-4.0 cm wingspan) red-brown moth. Forewings are dark red-brown, paler along the terminal margin and on the upper half inside the subterminal line. The stigma is a single simple silvery-gold teardrop. Hindwings are light brown, shading into a wide, dark terminal band. The antennae are simple and both the sexes are alike. Metallica has a similar shape and color to A. bimaculata, which has a different shape two-part stigma." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1127-Habitat 1127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodland, clearings and edges." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1127-LifeCycle 1127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. Little else is known about this species. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1127-TrophicStrategy 1127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Possibly a general feeder on herbaceous plants like most species in the genus. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1310-ConservationStatus 1310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1310-Cyclicity 1310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late May to early September. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1310-Distribution 1310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Cordilleran and western high prairies. Ranges from Yukon south to California and New Mexico. In Alberta, recorded from the plains and near the foothills region." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1310-GeneralDescription 1310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are pale greyish brown and females are more orange-brown. Hindwings are tinted brown and the antennae are pale yellow. The vertex is dark brown, thorax dark reddish-brown and yellowish-cream legs. The lateral membranous lobes of the male aedeagus have a single black spine, which is curved antero-dorso-mesad (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1310-Habitat 1310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Eclectic flowing waters in the prairies, mountains and foothills." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1310-LifeCycle 1310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Has two generations in a season (LaFontaine, 1981), probably only in warmer climates." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1310-TrophicStrategy 1310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1311-ConservationStatus 1311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1311-Cyclicity 1311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from July to August. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1311-Distribution 1311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Presently known from the McKenzie delta, British Columbia south to Washington, Idaho and Utah, east across Canada and the northern tier of the states up to Quebec." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1311-GeneralDescription 1311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are brownish cream and the vertex is dark grey-brown. Thorax dark brown to orange laterally and the legs are pale dull brown . Male spur formula is 1, 4, 4 and females, 2, 4, 4. The tip of the male aedeagus is cut square, slightly rounded and with a rounded dorsal lobe (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1311-Habitat 1311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Larger, turbid rivers." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1311-LifeCycle 1311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Univoltine. Pupates from late May to late August. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1311-TrophicStrategy 1311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1312-ConservationStatus 1312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Expected in Alberta. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1312-Cyclicity 1312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found flying in July. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1312-Distribution 1312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Isolated record in southern Saskatchewan, however, primarily known from Indiana to North Carolina and Georgia." 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1312-GeneralDescription 1312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are grey-brown and uniformily irrorate, hindwings faintly tinted grey-brown. Antennae are red-brown, vertex dark brown and thorax is dark brown to red-brown laterally. The legs are straw coloured and males have brown spurs and females have yellow spurs. The tip of the male aedeagus is cut square, slightly curved and the ventral lobe is rounded (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1312-Habitat 1312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small, warmer, organically rich streams; in the riffles." 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1312-LifeCycle 1312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1312-TrophicStrategy 1312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1313-ConservationStatus 1313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Only one Alberta record. 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1313-Cyclicity 1313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid-May to late September. 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1313-Distribution 1313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from Alberta, Manitoba, south to North Dakota and Kentucky, east to Nova Scotia." 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1313-GeneralDescription 1313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewings of males are pale yellow-brown and faintly irrorate. The antennae are brown, vertex brown and thorax red-brown, paling laterally. Legs are light yellow with brown spurs. The membranous lateral lobes of the male aedeagus have a black massive, triangular spine, which is directed ventral. On this spine, there are also at least two minor spines (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1313-Habitat 1313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Medium rivers, riffles of weedy rocks." 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1313-LifeCycle 1313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1313-TrophicStrategy 1313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1314-ConservationStatus 1314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1314-Cyclicity 1314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early May to mid-August. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1314-Distribution 1314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout the western Cordillera, from Mexico north to British Columbia and east to the plains of Saskatchewan. In Alberta, found in the prairies and the boreal forest." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1314-GeneralDescription 1314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are pale brownish-yellow with darker areas. Antennae are yellow, vertex pale reddish brown in males and yellow-brown in females and thorax is pale reddish brown to yellowish brown laterally. Legs are yellow with straw-coloured spurs. The distal article of the male clasper is large, robust and distally rounded with a mesal tooth (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1314-Habitat 1314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Eclectic flowing waters. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1314-LifeCycle 1314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1314-TrophicStrategy 1314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1315-ConservationStatus 1315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1315-Cyclicity 1315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early June to mid-September. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1315-Distribution 1315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This western species is found throughout the Cordillera, from Alaska south to Mexico. In Alberta, recorded from the open plains, foothills and the boreal forest." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1315-GeneralDescription 1315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are pale grey-brown and uniformly irrorate. Antennae are brownish cream, vertex dark brown anteriorly and yellow-brown posteriorly and thorax is a rich red-brown, yellow-brown laterally. The legs are yellowish cream with yellow to cream spurs. The male aedeagus does not have black spines or hooks. There is a pair of small, dorsal membranous lobes posterad of the tip (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1315-Habitat 1315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Any flowing water. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1315-LifeCycle 1315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1315-TrophicStrategy 1315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1316-ConservationStatus 1316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common (?). 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1316-Cyclicity 1316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late May to early September. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1316-Distribution 1316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extends from Alberta and Montana, east to southern Quebec and Illinois." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1316-GeneralDescription 1316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are tinted translucent brown. Has enlarged eyes; female forewings are darker overall, with normal sized eyes. The antennae are pale orange-brown, narrow orange brown vertex in males and an orange-brown thorax, laterally yellow-brown. Legs are pale brown to straw with yellow spurs. The distal article of the male clasper is short, rectangular and lacks a mesal tooth (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1316-Habitat 1316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Probably eclectic flowing waters. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1316-LifeCycle 1316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1316-TrophicStrategy 1316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1317-ConservationStatus 1317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1317-Cyclicity 1317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late May to early August. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1317-Distribution 1317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Ranges from Alaska south to British Columbia and east across to Massachusettes and Ontario. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1317-GeneralDescription 1317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewings on males are a bright grey-brown, with alternate areas of colour. Female forewings are generally more irrorate. Antennae are brown, vertex deep brown anteriorly and deep orange posteriorly and the thorax is deep brown. Legs are brownish yellow to yellow with yellow-brown spurs. The lateral membranous lobes of the male aedeagus have a single, black, ventrally directed spine and also a pair of small spines (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1317-Habitat 1317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Any flowing waters. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1317-LifeCycle 1317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1317-TrophicStrategy 1317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1318-ConservationStatus 1318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1318-Cyclicity 1318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early June to early September. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1318-Distribution 1318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland west to Great Slave Lake, central British Columbia and south to the United States border." 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1318-GeneralDescription 1318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are grey-brown and the antennae are yellow-brown. Male vertex is brown anteriorly, to pale yellow-brown posteriorly, female vertex is brown with white warts. Thorax is brown, to brownish yellow laterally in males and dark brown, to grey-brown laterally in females. Male legs are pale brown except the hindlegs, which are pale straw colour, female have unifrom yellow-brown legs. The lateral membranous lobes of the male aedeagus are small and each lobe has a single, very small black spine at the end of the small anteriorly directed tubular lobe (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1318-Habitat 1318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Cold streams. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1318-LifeCycle 1318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1318-TrophicStrategy 1318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1326-ConservationStatus 1326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1326-Cyclicity 1326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in late May to early August. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1326-Distribution 1326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Recorded from Alberta, south to Idaho, east across the prairies and New Brunswick." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1326-GeneralDescription 1326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The male forewing and antennae are golden brown. The vertex is orange-brown and the thorax is orange-brown and yellowing laterally. Legs are pale brownish yellow with yellow spurs. The lateral membranous lobes of the male aedeagus are small and short, with a small black triangular spine that is pointed posterad. Tip of aedeagus has a long, cylindrical membranous lobe directed antero-ventrad, terminated by recessed spine cluster (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1326-Habitat 1326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Uncertain. Rivers. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1326-LifeCycle 1326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1326-TrophicStrategy 1326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1327-ConservationStatus 1327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status May be found in Alberta. 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1327-Cyclicity 1327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early May to early September. 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1327-Distribution 1327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ranges from northern Saskatchewan, south to Virginia, and east to Maine and Quebec." 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1327-GeneralDescription 1327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are pale red-brown and hindwing is palely tinted yellow-brown. The antennae are uniformly brown, vertex dark reddish brown with paler warts. Thorax dark reddish brown, grey-brown laterally, warts are generally paler. Legs and spurs are yellowish-brown. The male genitalia are similar to H. vexa, but the lateral membranous lobes of the male aedeagus are larger and have a large stout terminal spine. As well, the tips of the lateral membranous lobes are directed anterad (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1327-Habitat 1327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small to medium, organically rich gravel streams." 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1327-LifeCycle 1327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1327-TrophicStrategy 1327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1053-ConservationStatus 1053 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1053-Cyclicity 1053 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly early May to late July. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1053-Distribution 1053 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This is a holarctic species. In North America, the range extends from Illinois, west to British Columbia. In Alberta, it is known from the Plains and from the lower valleys of the mountains and foothills." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1053-GeneralDescription 1053 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The antennae of the adults are golden-brown and about two-thirds the length of the body. The basal annulus of the antennae is twice the length of the second annulus. Vertex of the head is uniform brown except for the paler warts and white sutures which originate from the warts. Median suture is dark brown to black. The clasper in the males is spoon-like (Nimmo, 1974)." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1053-Habitat 1053 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small, moderately fast, smooth flowing creeks." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1053-LifeCycle 1053 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). Data not available. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1053-TrophicStrategy 1053 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on detritus, algae and diatoms." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1054-ConservationStatus 1054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare, one Alberta record." 1/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1054-Distribution 1054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is only known from California and Alberta. In Alberta, the one specimen is from the Kananaskis River system, close to the continental divide (1520 m)." 1/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1054-GeneralDescription 1054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adult is various shades of light brown. Venter of the body and all legs are straw coloured. In the males, the base of the clasper is slender and curves dorso-posterad. Distal process is blade-like (Nimmo,1974)." 1/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1054-LifeCycle 1054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). No information available. 1/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1054-TrophicStrategy 1054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed in detritus, algae and diatoms." 1/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1055-ConservationStatus 1055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1055-Cyclicity 1055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly late May to mid-August. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1055-GeneralDescription 1055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The antennae of adults are pale brownish-straw colour and two-thirds the length of the body. The basal flagellar annulus is twice the length of the second annulus on the atennae. The vertex of the head is dark chocolate brown, with very pale warts and the dorso-median suture is black. The base of the clasper is square and the dorso-distal process is thumb-like (Nimmo, 1974)." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1055-Habitat 1055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Less turbulent parts of larger rivers or smaller, slower streams." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1055-LifeCycle 1055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). Data unavailable. 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1055-TrophicStrategy 1055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed in detritus, algae and diatoms." 1/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 905-ConservationStatus 905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread and fairly common species. No concerns. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 905-Cyclicity 905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from early July to August. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 905-Distribution 905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia and Quebec, west across Canada to Vancouver, south to North Carolina and Tennessee. In Alberta, it has been taken across the Aspen Parklands and southern Boreal Forest, as well as in the foothills and at low elevations in the mountains." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 905-GeneralDescription 905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.0-2.4 cm wingspan), broad-winged fragile little moth. The forewings are light grey-brown, darkening slightly toward the outer margin, and with the curved darker brown antemedian and postmedian lines. The hindwings are a bit lighter, especially in the basal half, with the two lines of the forewing continuing across them, but not as clearly marked. The reniform is usually indicated by a short brown bar or crescent. The male antennae are broadly bipectinate (female's are simple), the palps are very long (as long as the head and thorax combined), and flattened laterally. P. hanhami is much darker chocolate brown, and better marked. The feathery antennae in the male will separate them from most similar species (i.e. Zanclognatha). Easily mistaken for small geometrid moths." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 905-Habitat 905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Meadows, edges, and other well vegetated open areas." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 905-LifeCycle 905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 905-TrophicStrategy 905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to feed on dead grass and dead leaves of deciduous trees; also on lettuce and dandelion leaves (in lab ?). 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 906-ConservationStatus 906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status At the edge of its range. No concerns. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 906-Distribution 906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to Alberta, south to North Carolina and Colorado. No specific Alberta data is available, although there are reported to be Alberta specimen(s) in Ottawa (CNCI)." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 906-GeneralDescription 906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.6-3.1 cm wingspan) light brown moth with somewhat triangular pointed wings. The forewings are crossed by thin pale antemedian and postmedian lines, the latter in particular outlined in darker scales, and a diffuse dark median band. The subterminal line is pale and distinct near the costa, otherwise obscure or marked only by a few dark scales. The orbicular and reniform spots are dull orange, partly outlined with black and with two larger black dots in the reniform. The hindwings are the same color as the forewings, with the postmedian line continuing across them from the forewings. The antennae are unusual and diagnostic. There is a small claw and plume about three-quarters of the way toward the tip, and the thin terminal third curls up when dried, while the basal portion remains stiff and straight. Both the sexes are similar, but the female is less strongly marked." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 906-Habitat 906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded and shrubby habitats. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 906-LifeCycle 906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 906-TrophicStrategy 906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to feed on dead leaves of deciduous trees (Crumb, 1956)." 12/7/01 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1144-ConservationStatus 1144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rare species globally, known from about 20 localities. Only 2 Alberta records." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1144-Cyclicity 1144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta data is for an adult collected at Lake Athabasca on July 20. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1144-Distribution 1144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland, north and west to the Mackenzie River Valley in the North West Territories, south to Nova Scotia, northern Michigan and the foothills of Alberta. In Alberta, it has been collected in the foothills west of Calgary and on the north shore of Lake Athabasca." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1144-GeneralDescription 1144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.8 cm. wingspan) moth with somewhat shining grey forewings and light brown hindwings. Forewings are ash grey, with fine black indistinct lines and a pale green stigma. Hindwings are buff-brown with a wide contrasting smoky brown terminal band. Selecta are very similar to the much more common S. viridisigma, but on the average, a bit smaller and paler and the hindwings are paler so that the contrast with the dark terminal band is more pronounced. However, these differences may be subtle, and the genitalia in both sexes should be examined for positive identifications. In selecta males, the valve is tapered toward the apex, the clasper is large and triangular and extends to the dorsal margin of the valve and the vesica has a single cornutus. In males of viridisigma, the valve is broad and rounded toward the apex, the clasper is small and fingerlike and extends less than one-half the distance across the valve and the vesica has two cornuti. Females of viridsigma, lack a process on the ostium bursae, whereas females of selecta have a heavily sclerotized caudal process on the ostium bursae, visible without dissection. The antennae are simple and both the sexes are similar. Much of the historical published data for selecta actually refers to viridisigma." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1144-Habitat 1144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane and Boreal forest. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1144-LifeCycle 1144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1144-TrophicStrategy 1144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown. In a laboratory setting larvae accepted blueberry (Vaccinium), willow (Salix) and birch (Betula), and refused spruce and other conifers (Lafontaine and Poole, 1991). Published data is unreliable due to the lumping of the two species until recently." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1153-ConservationStatus 1153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rather local and uncommon, but the habitat is secure and the range extensive; no concerns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1153-Cyclicity 1153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late July and August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1153-Distribution 1153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Nova Scotia west across southern Canada to Vancouver Island; south in the west to southern Oregon and in the east to Iowa, Kentucky, Virginia and North Carolina. In Alberta, it has been collected mainly along the southern Boreal Forest, north to the Lac la Biche area and west to Edmonton and in the southern foothills." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1153-GeneralDescription 1153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.1-3.8 cm wingspan) with elongate shining grey and pink forewings. The forewings have an egg-shaped pink basal patch capped with a dark blackish streak. Central areas of the forewings are dark grey-brown, with a prominent silver two-part stigma, comprised of a u-shaped segment and a separate elongate silver spot. The darker central area is continued as a blackish streak running almost to the apex. The terminal area above the streak is pink and grey, as is the area around the anal angle. Hindwings are dull grey-brown with an indistinct pale median band and a moderately checkered fringe. Antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. The only species even remotely resembling this moth is the much larger and differently patterned Euthyatira pudens." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1153-Habitat 1153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lush meadows, open deciduous woodland, woodland clearings and edges." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1153-LifeCycle 1153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1153-TrophicStrategy 1153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to utilize Meadow-rue (Thalictrum sp.). 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1154-ConservationStatus 1154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common and widespread species with secure habitat. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1154-Cyclicity 1154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in July and early August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1154-Distribution 1154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, ranging from Alaska south in the mountains to northern Oregon, western Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico and east to Colorado, western Wyoming, Montana and Alberta. In Alberta, it has been collected throughout the mountains, north to the Grande Cache area." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1154-GeneralDescription 1154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.0-3.4 cm wingspan) with dark and light grey mottled forewings and brown hindwings. Forewings are dark grey mottled with lighter, somewhat shiny lighter grey scales. The area below the stigma is not darker than the rest of the wing, like it is in most similar species of Syngrapha. The stigma is a pale green-gold or pale gold V or U-shape, higher than wide, with a small separate satellite spot. Hindwings are light yellow brown, shading to a wide sooty brown terminal band. The antennae are simple and the sexes are alike." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1154-Habitat 1154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane coniferous forest. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1154-LifeCycle 1154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators of conifers. There is a single brood each season. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1154-TrophicStrategy 1154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No specific Alberta data; in western Canada, it has been reared from subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and Englemann spruce (Picea englemanni)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1307-ConservationStatus 1307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not yet recorded in Alberta. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1307-Cyclicity 1307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late May to early October. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1307-Distribution 1307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Can be found from Saskatchewan to Arkansas, Georgia and Newfoundland; throughout eastern North America, with extensions into the boreal forest (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1307-GeneralDescription 1307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are red-brown, and brown tinted hindwings. The antennae are red-brown, yellow-brown vertex, and a deep red-brown thorax. Male legs are brownish-yellow and red-brown in females. The distal article on the clasper is grooved on the disto-posterior face (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1307-Habitat 1307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small to medium riffled streams. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1307-LifeCycle 1307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1307-TrophicStrategy 1307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1308-ConservationStatus 1308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1308-Cyclicity 1308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found in late May to mid-October. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1308-Distribution 1308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found from Great Slave Lake and central British Columbia, south to Olkahoma, Tennessee, Vermont and east to Quebec." 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1308-GeneralDescription 1308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewings of males are pale golden-brown and fairly irrorate. Antennae are brownish-yellow and the vertex is a yellow-brown. The legs are yellow to pale straw with straw-coloured spurs. The male genitalia is similar to H. vexa, but the lateral membranous lobes of the aedaagus in H. bifida are larger and have a large, stout terminal spine. As well, the tips of the lateral lobes are directed anterad (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1308-Habitat 1308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Medium creeks to small rivers with organically rich gravel/rocky bottoms. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1308-LifeCycle 1308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1308-TrophicStrategy 1308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1309-ConservationStatus 1309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1309-Cyclicity 1309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late May to early September. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1309-Distribution 1309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread distribution, from Alberta south to Wyoming and South Carolina, east to Nova Scotia. In Alberta, commonly collected from the lower foothills and northward to the boreal forest." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1309-GeneralDescription 1309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are pale grey-brown and females are pale orange-brown. Antennae are brownish-cream; thorax and legs are bright, pale yellow brown with yellow-brown spurs. The lateral membranous lobes of the male aedeagus have long, linear, black and uniformly wide black spines with short, tapered and acuminate tips (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1309-Habitat 1309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small creeks to medium rivers, varying from cool to warm and clear, turbulent to weedy waters." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1309-LifeCycle 1309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1309-TrophicStrategy 1309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1459-ConservationStatus 1459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1459-Cyclicity 1459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults were collected in May. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1459-Distribution 1459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found in the central plains of the United States; within Canada, only recorded from Alberta and Ontario. In Alberta, this species is only known from Chappice Lake, in the south east." 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1459-GeneralDescription 1459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "At once separated from the other Canadian species of Omophron by the 14-striated elytra and the presence of only one seta on the metacoxa. Pale yellowish, underside more reddish, markings of upper surface with metallic lustre except in the west; head with M-shaped pale area, prothorax with transverse dark spot on disc not or barely touching front- and hind-margin, elytral pattern as in tesselatum. Length 5.2 to 6.9 mm." 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1459-Habitat 1459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat On sandy lake shores. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1459-LifeCycle 1459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1459-TrophicStrategy 1459 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1461-ConservationStatus 1461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1461-Cyclicity 1461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in May to July. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1461-Distribution 1461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species ranges across most of United States and Canada, except British Columbia. In Alberta this species is only found in the southern one third." 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1461-GeneralDescription 1461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Broad and rather flat. Reddish yellow, underside darker, brown; dark markings of upper surface (rarely metallic) varying in extension but on prothorax always reaching both front- and hind-margins, on elytra at least including the two inner intervals before apex; palest specimens occur in the west. Elytral striae deep with closely set punctures, intervals as a rule more convex than in the other species. Length 5.1 to 7.0 mm." 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1461-Habitat 1461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On bare sand or sand-mixed clay, usually at standing waters, sometimes quite small pools." 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1461-LifeCycle 1461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1461-TrophicStrategy 1461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1462-ConservationStatus 1462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1462-Cyclicity 1462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in April to July. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1462-Distribution 1462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northwestern United States and western Canada. In Alberta this species is found only in the southern region. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1462-GeneralDescription 1462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The most elongate of Canadian species.Colored as americanum in its paler form. Elytral striae shallower, intervals less convex. The best distinguishing character to separate this species from americanum is the impunctate metasternum. Length 4.8 to 6.6 mm." 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1462-Habitat 1462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On fine, bare sand, often clay-mixed, preferrably on river banks." 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1462-LifeCycle 1462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1462-TrophicStrategy 1462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1479-ConservationStatus 1479 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species; no concerns." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1479-Cyclicity 1479 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Deciduous woodland and shrublands. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1479-Distribution 1479 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to Vancouver Island, north to Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories and south to at least Missouri. In Alberta they occur throughout most of the wooded parts of the province north to Zama. Uncommon in the wooded valleys of the grasslands region." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1479-GeneralDescription 1479 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.8-3.8 cm wingspan) grey-brown or brown moth with short bipectinate antennae and a characteristic tuft on the tip of the abdomen in males. The forewing is crossed by four fine pale lines, much more prominent in spring than in summer specimens. The apical quarter of the wing is dark chocolate or red-brown, sharply delineated from the remainder of the wing and separated at the costa by a short curved white bar. It can be separated from other Clostera species by the sharp demarcation of the dark apical patch on the forewing. It most closely resembles the smaller and darker Clostera brucei, which lacks the sharp contrasting separation of the dark apical area from the rest of the forewing. Spring specimens which are paler and marrked be a series of pale lines have been named form specifica; summer specimens are darker and more uniform in color and pattern. Sexes are similar, but female antennae are simple. See also Clostera apicalis." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1479-Habitat 1479 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta adults are on the wing from the first week in May through mid-August. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1479-LifeCycle 1479 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but are not attracted to sugar baits. The larvae are solitary leaf folders. The extended flight period suggests more than a single brood, but this needs to be documented." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1479-TrophicStrategy 1479 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Canadian data, which includes Alberta data, lists various poplars (Populus) and willows (Salix), with Aspen poplar (P. tremuloides) by far the most prevalent host." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1499-ConservationStatus 1499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "In Alberta, very scarce and at the western edge of its range." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1499-Cyclicity 1499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, adults have been collected in May and early June." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1499-Distribution 1499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland west across the southern edge of the Boreal forest to central Alberta, south to North Carolina, Missouri, and Arkansas. In Alberta, it has been found along the southern edge of the Boreal forest, west to Redwater." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1499-GeneralDescription 1499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.5 cm wingspan) dull grey moth with few markings. The forewings are grey with the obscure markings defined by raised black scales (visible under magnification). The orbicular is a small dark ringed dull white spot. The reniform is a white oblong, faintly and incompletely outlined with black and with a black bar or spot in the center. Normal lines obscure, marked with a black spot where they meet the costa. The hindwings are dull even grey. Fringes of both wings are checkered with black, grey and white scales. The sexes are similar, except the male antennae are bipectinate but simple in the females. Very similar to the Yellowhorn (Colocasia flavicornis) which may also occur in eastern Alberta. The Yellowhorn has the lower half of the median area of the forewing darker and contrasting with the remainder of the forewing." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1499-Habitat 1499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1499-LifeCycle 1499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to lights. There is a single brood each year. The larvae are solitary defoliators on deciduous trees. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1499-TrophicStrategy 1499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere in Canada, a variety of deciduous trees including willow (Salix sp.), Manitoba maple (Acer negudo), Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), Largetooth aspen (Populus grandidentata), Silver Maple (Acer saccarinum), Basswood (Tilia americana) and White birch (Betula papyrifera). White birch is by far the most frequently recorded host." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1501-ConservationStatus 1501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species, at the northern edge of its range." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1501-Cyclicity 1501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from late May through mid-July. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1501-Distribution 1501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring south in the mountains to at least Colorado and Utah and northeast to southern Alberta. In Alberta, it is found in the cottonwood stands along the river valleys of the arid grasslands region, north to Dinosaur Provincial Park" 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1501-GeneralDescription 1501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.3 - 3.7 cm wingspan) with powdery grey, pale tan and black forewings and white hindwings. The sexes are somewhat dimorphic, with females larger and less contrasting than males, and with less black scaling on the basal half of the forewings and more grey scaling on the hindwings. In males, the basal area and the lower half of the forewings to the postmedian line is mostly black and contrasts with the rest of the pale grey and tan forewing. The postmedian line is thin but complete and the normal spots are obscure or obsolete. Hindwings are shining white, with a thin black terminal band and some dark scaling in the anal angle and along the inner margin. Male antennae are bipectinate. The female is larger with reduced black basal scaling and the orbicular and reniform are outlined in black scales. Hindwing is lightly dusted with grey scales in the outer third and often shows a faint subterminal band, as well as the black terminal one. Female antennae are simple. Very similar to the closely related Raphia frater, which is darker and more evenly colored and lacks contrasting black scaling in the basal area of the forewings." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1501-Habitat 1501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Cottonwood stands and other deciduous woodland in the arid grasslands region. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1501-LifeCycle 1501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be a single brood each year. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1501-TrophicStrategy 1501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. Probably poplars and/or willow. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1502-ConservationStatus 1502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species; no concerns." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1502-Cyclicity 1502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from early May through the end of July. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1502-Distribution 1502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west, across the forested regions of Canada to British Columbia, south to Mississippi in the east. The southern limits in the west are uncertain due to confusion with several closely related species or forms. In Alberta, they are found throughout the Aspen parklands, the Boreal forest north to Lake Athabasca and the foothills and lower elevations in the mountains. They are replaced in the wooded valleys or the grasslands region by the closely related R. coloradensis." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1502-GeneralDescription 1502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-3.8 cm wingspan) moth with powdery grey forewings and white hindwings. The dark grey forewings are crossed by the black antemedian and postmedian lines, while the subterminal line is marked by lighter grey on a black background. The orbicular and reniform are usually well marked, finely outlined with black scales and with dark centers. Hindwing is shining white with a faint discal dot and postmedian band and a fine black terminal band. There is a small patch of dark scales at the anal angle. Males are smaller than females and have bipectinate antennae (simple in females). The closely related R. coloradensis has paler grey and light tan forewings with contrasting black patches near the base and along the lower half. See also Acronicta species, most of which are lighter grey in color." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1502-Habitat 1502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1502-LifeCycle 1502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to lights. The larvae are solitary defoliators. There is apparently a single brood each year, and they overwinter as pupae." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1502-TrophicStrategy 1502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere in Canada poplars, in particular Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera). Other hosts recorded much less frequently include willow (Salix sp.), White birch (Betula papyrifera) and speckled alder (Alnus rugosa)." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1347-ConservationStatus 1347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not yet collected in Alberta. 1/24/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1347-Cyclicity 1347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Only one record in Manitoba, June 6." 1/24/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1347-Distribution 1347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Montana and Manitoba, south to Texas and Georgia, east to New York." 1/24/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1347-GeneralDescription 1347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The male forewings are uniform light brownish yellow. Antennae are light yellow-brown, thorax pale yellow-brown, vertex light yellow-brown in males and unifrom brownish yellow in females. The legs are dull straw in males and reddish yellow in females, with pale dull yellow spurs. The distal article on the male clasper is short, quadrilateral and distally widened (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/24/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1347-Habitat 1347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Large, warmer streams on rocks/sands or silt-free slower streams." 1/24/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1347-LifeCycle 1347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/24/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1347-TrophicStrategy 1347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/24/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1349-ConservationStatus 1349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very Common. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1349-Cyclicity 1349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early May to mid-October. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1349-Distribution 1349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental, south of the northern treeline. In Alberta, it has been recorded in the northern portion of the province." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1349-GeneralDescription 1349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult male forewings are light grey-brown and hindwings faintly tinted brown. Antennae are pale yellow-brown, vertex dark brown and thorax is dark reddish brown to orange-brown laterally. The legs are pale brown to straw. Proximal article of the male clasper is approximately uniform. The distal article broadly curves dorsad and the base overlaps the proximal article (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1349-Habitat 1349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Eclectic flowing waters. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1349-LifeCycle 1349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Unknown. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1349-TrophicStrategy 1349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1350-ConservationStatus 1350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Should be expected in Alberta. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1350-Cyclicity 1350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from June to early September (Oregon record). 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1350-Distribution 1350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Can be found in all the western Cordilleran states of the United States, except Washington, California and Arizona. Ranges from Montana to Oregon and south to New Mexico." 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1350-GeneralDescription 1350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are grey and almost hyaline. Antennae are brown, vertex dark brown and thorax dark red-brown to pale yellow laterally. Both the legs and the spurs are yellow. Basal article of the clasper is bulbous at its distal extremity. The distal article is acutely triangular, curving slightly and the proximo-mesal angle has a small triangular tooth (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1350-Habitat 1350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Creeks and small rivers. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1350-LifeCycle 1350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Unknown. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1350-TrophicStrategy 1350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1133-ConservationStatus 1133 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1133-Cyclicity 1133 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been captured in Alberta from late May through August and once in early October. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1133-Distribution 1133 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In the Palearctic, it occurs from eastern Siberia to Fennoscandia, Great Britain and France. In North America, it ranges from Newfoundland and Labrador to central Alaska and the interior of British Columbia, south to Pennsylvania, Washington, northeastern California, and in the Rocky Mountains to Utah and Colorado. It is found throughout the wooded parts of Alberta, from the southern Foothills to Lake Athabasca, but appears to be absent from the wooded valleys of the Grasslands region." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1133-GeneralDescription 1133 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth ( 3.0-3.2 cm wingspan). The forewings are dark rusty-brown, with a series of fine faint dark oblique lines, and with bright metallic rusty orange on the basal portion of the costa and along the lower median area. There is an oblique dull silver patch on the apex and a prominent two-part silver stigma, comprised of a large triangular spot followed by a smaller, separate satellite spot. Hindwings are dark brown with rust fringes. The antennae are simple, and both the sexes are similar. The similar P. contexta has been reported from Saskatchewan and should be watched for in eastern Alberta. It has paler hindwings, and the stigma is a single elongated spot constricted somewhat in the center." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1133-Habitat 1133 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grassy clearings, woodland edges, wet meadows and wetland margins." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1133-LifeCycle 1133 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Putnam's Looper Moth is nocturnal and comes to light. The flight period is quite extended, and there may be at least a partial second brood." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1133-TrophicStrategy 1133 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on a variety of grasses and sedges, as well as on bur-reed (Sparganium)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1134-ConservationStatus 1134 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but rather uncommon species; no obvious concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1134-Cyclicity 1134 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June through July. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1134-Distribution 1134 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland, west to the lower mainland of British Columbia, south to the northern States, west to Montana, and north to the Northwest Territories. In Alberta, it has been collected from the river valleys of the arid Grasslands region (Lethbridge and Dinosaur Provincial Park) north across the Aspen Parkland and Boreal Forest regions to the north shore of Lake Athabasca and Zama and in the foothills at Nordegg." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1134-GeneralDescription 1134 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size tan and red-brown moth. Forewings have a unique pattern, with the leading third tan separated from the dark red-brown lower two-thirds by a silver white streak on the outer half. The dark lower area is divided by a narrow horizontal silver streak. Hindwings are pale brown, antennae are simple and both the sexes are similar. This elegant moth is unlike any others in Alberta." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1134-Habitat 1134 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wet meadows and grassy wetland edges usually associated with woodlands. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1134-LifeCycle 1134 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. The host plant and larvae are unknown. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1135-ConservationStatus 1135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rather common widespread species, and a pest on ornamental plantings. No concerns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1135-Cyclicity 1135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from late June through early August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1135-Distribution 1135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern Siberia and parts of Asia, east and south in North America to southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. It is widespread in the mountains and foothills of Alberta, as well as in gardens with ornamental plantings of delphinium or monkshood in urban areas across the plains.\n" 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1135-GeneralDescription 1135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-3.5 cm wingspan) broad-winged dirty white and metallic golden-brown moth. Forewings are a brassy golden-brown. The median area is crossed by a rather narrow, bent and somewhat diffuse darker band. Just inside the bend in this band is a large, hollow kidney-shaped silver-white stigma. The forewing apex and subterminal areas are paler, almost white. The entire wing area is crossed by a number of fine brown lines and scattered black scales. Hindwings are brown, with a faint discal dot and a narrow median line. Palpi are prominent, erect and pointed. Antennae are simple, and both the sexes are alike. There are no similar species. Until recently, esmeralda was known as P. moneta, a different Palearctic species." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1135-Habitat 1135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lush meadows and woodland edges in the mountains and foothills, and in flower gardens further east." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1135-LifeCycle 1135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults appear to be largely crepuscular, but have also been collected at lights. They are rather slow flying, and can be caught by hand when they are visiting the hostplant blossoms. Adults have also been captured at dusk while nectaring at fireweed blossoms. They overwinter as either early instar larvae or eggs, as the larvae appear shortly after the new growth of the hosts occurs (late April or May). They burrow into and eat out the growing leader, causing considerable damage where these plants are used as garden flowers. The spun cocoon is a beautiful affair made out of fine, gold silk." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1135-TrophicStrategy 1135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on species of monkshood (Aconitum sp.) and larkspur or delphinium (Delphinium sp.), and are pests on these plants in Edmonton. Adults will visit Fireweed blossoms for nectar." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1136-ConservationStatus 1136 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common and widespread moth, at the western edge of its range here in Alberta. No concerns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1136-Cyclicity 1136 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from late July and August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1136-Distribution 1136 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Straight-lined looper ranges from Newfoundland, west across southern Canada to the foothills of Alberta, north to the southern edge of the Boreal Forest, south to Delaware, North Carolina and Illinois in the east and Arizona and New Mexico in the west. In Alberta, it occurs north to at least, the Edmonton area and west to the beginning of the foothills at Gainford and Calgary. It is also present in the wooded portions of the valleys in the Grasslands region." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1136-GeneralDescription 1136 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.8-3.4 cm wingspan) moth with pointed yellow-brown or rusty yellow forewings with brassy or yellow metallic blotches along the outer margins. The basal half of the forewing is mottled pink-brown and light yellow brown with scattered dark scales. The postmedian line is a fine dark line that bends sharply inward near the costa. It is bordered on the outside by a pale pink-brown streak that runs almost straight to the apex, and there is usually a small dark spot or two at the lower end of this line. The remainder of the outer wing area is darker rust. Reniform and orbicular spots are partially outlined in darker scales. Hindwings are much lighter yellow-brown with a fine faint median line and discal spot, darker toward the outer margin. Similar to Diachrysia aeroides, which is darker orange-brown and lacks the light and dark mottling of purpurigera." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1136-Habitat 1136 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open deciduous woodland, woodland edges and meadows." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1136-LifeCycle 1136 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is one brood per year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1136-TrophicStrategy 1136 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, the larvae are reported to feed on species of Meadow-rue (Thalictrum sp.)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1137-ConservationStatus 1137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species with secure habitat; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1137-Cyclicity 1137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late July and early August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1137-Distribution 1137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across the Arctic, above the treeline from Newfoundland to Alaska; south in the mountains to central California and Colorado. In Alberta, it occurs in the mountains," 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1137-GeneralDescription 1137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly small (2.6-2.7 cm wingspan) moth with blackish-brown forewings and bright yellow hindwings. Forewings are dark chocolate or black-brown, paler along the postmedian line and in the anal angle. The stigma is an oblique elongated curved silver spot. Hindwings are bright yellow-orange, with a prominent black terminal band. The antennae are simple and both sexes are alike. It can be separated from the very similar S. ignea by its smaller size, the darker forewings, shorter stigma, more zigzag subterminal line and the lack of sclerotized setae on the foretibia. They can also be separated by genitalic characters. The other small yellow-winged Syngrapha species are restricted to lower elevations than alticola frequents." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1137-Habitat 1137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Alpine and arctic tundra. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1137-LifeCycle 1137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are diurnal. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1137-TrophicStrategy 1137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1138-ConservationStatus 1138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1138-Cyclicity 1138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-July through mid-August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1138-Distribution 1138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Borea occurs along the south coast of Greenland, and in western North America (disjunct ?). In western North America, it has been found from central Alaska, east to the Northwest Territories, south of Great Bear Lake and southward in the mountains to southern Alberta and British Columbia." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1138-GeneralDescription 1138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.1-3.4 cm wingspan) with dark grey forewings and yellow hindwings. The forewings are dark brownish-grey except for the median area below the sigma, which is a contrasting large red-black block. Stigma is a thin, silver shallow U-shape, usually with a distal extension or satellite spot. Hindwings are bright yellow with a black terminal band. The large thoracic hair tuft is mostly red-brown. Antennae are simple and both the sexes are similar. Borea is very similar to several other Syngrapha species, in particular S. diasema and S. orophila. Diasema has pale buff, not yellow, hindwings. Orophila is usually a bit larger, with lighter grey forewings, and a grey instead of red-brown thoracic hair tuft. The stigma shape in orophila is a deeper U with a hook or sharp angle in the lower distal corner. Questionable specimens can be identified by examining the genitalia. Male borea have a single cornutus on the vesica (2 in orophila), and females have a smooth or wrinkled (not grooved or notched) plate on the ostium bursae. The other Syngrapha species with yellow hindwings (ignea, microgamma, montana and alticola) are much smaller or have different color forewings and/or stigma shapes." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1138-Habitat 1138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Subalpine and montane coniferous forest. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1138-LifeCycle 1138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are crepuscular as well as nocturnal, and come to lights. Host plant(s) and larvae are unknown. There is a single brood each year." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1138-TrophicStrategy 1138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1139-ConservationStatus 1139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rarely collected in Alberta, but in secure habitat." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1139-Cyclicity 1139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The Alberta records are all of adults collected in the latter half of July. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1139-Distribution 1139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holoarctic. Northern Fennoscandia to Siberia, across Arctic and subarctic. In North America, it has been collected across the arctic and subarctic from Labrador to Central Alaska. It has also been collected on 3 occasions in the subalpine in the Nordegg - Cadomin area of Alberta. These are the only records south of the subarctic." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1139-GeneralDescription 1139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.0-3.3 cm wingspan). The forewings are dark grey or grey-brown with the lower half of the median area blackish. There is a thin U-shaped silver stigma with a short projection outward from the bottom of the U. Hindwings are pale buff or yellow-brown with a broad dark terminal band. Very similar to S. borea and S. orophila, but those species have yellow instead of buff or yellow-brown hindwings. There is also often a faint median line in diasema, lacking in similar species. The antennae are simple and both the sexes are similar." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1139-Habitat 1139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Alpine and subalpine shrub meadows. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1139-LifeCycle 1139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood per year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1139-TrophicStrategy 1139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere, Dwarf birch (Betula nana)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1092-ConservationStatus 1092 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very uncommon. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1092-Cyclicity 1092 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to early September. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1092-Distribution 1092 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The beetles are found from southern British Columbia south through the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. In Alberta they have been found in the southern mountains and foothills. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1092-GeneralDescription 1092 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Accurate identification is difficult as the species limits are not clearly understood. Male and female genitalia are diagnostic, except females are more commonly caught. Shape of the elytral apices, as reported in most keys (Helfer 1941, Bright 1987) is used to separate the species, bidentate in B. adjecta and rounded in B. intricata does. Unfortunately this character does not work very well with Alberta collected material. The beetles of B. adjecta tend to be shorter, 14.23 mm, 12.5- 16.0 mm (females, n= 11) than B. intricata. Of the specimens examined, the colour was a solid blue to iridescent green without lateral or sutural coppery regions." 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1092-Habitat 1092 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Pine forests of the Rocky Mountains. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1092-LifeCycle 1092 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Virtually nothing is known. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1092-TrophicStrategy 1092 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The beetles are reported from a variety of pines and Englemann spruce. In Alberta this species is associated with lodgepole pine. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1112-ConservationStatus 1112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1112-Cyclicity 1112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly between late July to early September. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1112-Distribution 1112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This caddisfly is restricted to the western Cordillera of North America, ranging from the Yukon and Northwest Territories south to California and Utah. There is one specimen recorded from North Carolina." 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1112-GeneralDescription 1112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are brownish-cream and the vertex of the head is brownish-yellow with brown antero-mesal warts. The thorax is yellow-brown with brownish-cream lateral sides. Legs are pale yellow-brown with brown spurs. Forewings of males are pale red-brown (12.4mm in length) and grey-brown in the females, both are heavily irrorated. The clasper on the males is robust, parallel-sided and taperedto a triangular tip. Also, there is a stout tooth on the mesal face of the clasper (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1112-Habitat 1112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mountain/foothill creeks and rivers. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1112-LifeCycle 1112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle P. elsis has a two-year lifecycle. Young or almost mature larvae will overwinter and will pupate in June to July. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1112-TrophicStrategy 1112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1114-ConservationStatus 1114 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common widespread species; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1114-Cyclicity 1114 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early June through mid-July. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1114-Distribution 1114 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to Vancouver Island, south to California, Arizona, New Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. In Alberta, it has been collected in the Aspen Parklands, southern Boreal Forest, and in the wooded parts of the valleys in the Grasslands region." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1114-GeneralDescription 1114 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (5.5-9.5 cm wingspan) moth that has elongated forewings with irregular scalloped outer margins. The forewings and body are several shades of rich brown. Hindwings are mostly pink, with a prominent blue eyespot surrounded by black. Both sexes are similar in appearance. The similar Alberta sphinx with pink hindwings have grey and not brown forewings." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1114-Habitat 1114 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodland and woodland edges, clearings, shrub areas, gardens, etc." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1114-LifeCycle 1114 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Blinded sphinx is nocturnal and comes to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators, and there is a single brood each year. They overwinter as pupae." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1114-TrophicStrategy 1114 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to utilize a wide variety of trees and shrubs including Hawthorn (Craetagus), Saskatoon (Amelanchier), cultivated plums and cherries (Prunus), White birch (Betula payrifera), elm (Ulmus), bassswood (Tilia), and willow (Salix)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1115-ConservationStatus 1115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Fairly widespread but uncommon; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1115-Cyclicity 1115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-June through mid-July. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1115-Distribution 1115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to central BC, north into the southern edge of the boreal forest and south to northern Mexico. In Alberta, it is found mainly in the dry wooded valleys of the Grasslands and the Aspen Parklands, rarely north into the southern edge of the Boreal forest, and in the southern foothills." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1115-GeneralDescription 1115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (4.5-7.5 cm wingspan) heavy-bodied moth with elongated forewings that are expanded and irregularly scalloped on the outer margin. The forewings are a mix of rich browns, pinks and yellow-orange. The hindwings are yellow-orange and brown, with a large black eyespot with a blue pupil. Body is dark orange brown. The similarly shaped P. excaecatus, is larger and has pink hindwings. Combination of large size, irregular wing-shape and yellow hindwings will separate the Small-eyed sphinx from all other Alberta moths." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1115-Habitat 1115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodland and woodland edges, shrub areas, etc." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1115-LifeCycle 1115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The Small-eyed sphinx is nocturnal and comes to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1115-TrophicStrategy 1115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported larval hosts include a wide range of trees and shrubs, including Saskatoon (Amelanchier), various wild cherries (Prunus sp.), willow (Salix), birch (Betula), Grape (Vitis), Hazel (Corylus), hawthorn (Craetagus) and poplars (Populus)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1256-ConservationStatus 1256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread and very rarely collected species, with a single Alberta record." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1256-Cyclicity 1256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta specimen was collected July 27. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1256-Distribution 1256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland and Labrador south to Maine, west across the Boreal forest to northern Saskatchewan and the foothills in Alberta. There is a single Alberta collection from Nordegg." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1256-GeneralDescription 1256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.7 cm wingspan) moth with grey and black forewings and brown hindwings. Forewing pattern is distinctive, with the basal area and the area above the stigma, pale grey, as well as, the area along the costa near the apex. The area below the stigma is almost black. Stigma forms a narrow, silver shallow V-shape that points to the apex. Hindwings are pale yellow-brown with a broad, somewhat diffuse sooty-brown terminal band. Antennae are simple and the sexes are similar." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1256-Habitat 1256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal or montane forest. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1256-LifeCycle 1256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1256-TrophicStrategy 1256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere larvae have been reared on blueberry (Vaccinium). 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1257-ConservationStatus 1257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1257-Cyclicity 1257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early July through mid-August. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1257-Distribution 1257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread across the Boreal forest region, from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island. In the west, they occur from northern British Columbia south to Oregon and southwestern Montana, and in the east south to Tennessee and the Carolinas." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1257-GeneralDescription 1257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.2-3.5 cm wingspan) with black and white forewings and brown hingwings. The forewings are almost black with extensive areas of pale, reflective silvery greenish-grey scaling in the basal and terminal areas. Stigma is large and silver, connecting to a silvery patch in the basal area with the pale postmedian band and with a silver patch at the orbicular. Fringe is checkered black and white. The hingwings are sooty brown, with a broad darker brown terminal band. Superficially similar to several other Syngrapha species, in particular S. alias and S. octoscripta. The more extensive silvery-white scaling on the forewings and in particular, the white at the orbicular spot, will separate rectangula from the others." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1257-Habitat 1257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal and Montana coniferous (especially fir) forest. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1257-LifeCycle 1257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators. There is a single brood each year, which overwinters in the larval stage." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1257-TrophicStrategy 1257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada, the larvae have been found on a variety of coniferous trees, including fir (Abies), hemlock (Tsuga), spruce (Picea) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga); however, they show a decided preference for firs." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1258-ConservationStatus 1258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1258-Cyclicity 1258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in August. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1258-Distribution 1258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ranges from Alaska south to California and Utah; east from Colorado to Michigan and Maine. In Canada, from British Columbia east to Quebec and Northwest Territories. In Alberta, from Nordegg and Nojack." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1258-GeneralDescription 1258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The male clasper is widened distally and the dorsal lobe is well separated from the ventral lobe. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1258-Habitat 1258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small creeks 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1258-LifeCycle 1258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1258-TrophicStrategy 1258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are mainly detritovores feeding on plant materials and possibly dead fish. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1259-ConservationStatus 1259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1259-Cyclicity 1259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid-June to mid-August. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1259-Distribution 1259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found in Alberta and British Columbia and south to California, New Mexico and South Dakota. In Alberta, occurs in the foothils, lower mountain valleys and the boreal forest." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1259-GeneralDescription 1259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The dorsal process on the male clasper is slender and parallel to main body. There is a distal article located dorsally on the dorsal process and points postero-dorsad. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1259-Habitat 1259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Foothill rivers. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1259-LifeCycle 1259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1259-TrophicStrategy 1259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are mainly detritovores feeding on plant materials and possibly dead fish. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1260-ConservationStatus 1260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not very common. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1260-Cyclicity 1260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early June to early July. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1260-Distribution 1260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Restricted to the Pacific Northwest of North America, from Alberta south to California and Utah. In Alberta, it has been collected from Swan Hills and the boreal forest." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1260-GeneralDescription 1260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Lepidostoma podagerum was the first Lepidostomatid to be described in the New World. Adults have brown wings. The male maxillary palps are slender and finger-like and the tibia is enlarged in the anterior portion of the leg. The distal edge of segment 10 in males, is projected dorsad as an acuminate tooth.\n" 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1260-Habitat 1260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small streams. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1260-LifeCycle 1260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1260-TrophicStrategy 1260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are mainly detritovores feeding on plant materials and possibly dead fish. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1261-ConservationStatus 1261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1261-Cyclicity 1261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late July to early August. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1261-Distribution 1261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Vancouver Island, south to California and Utah. In Alberta, it has been collected near the foothills, Swan Hills and the boreal forest." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1261-GeneralDescription 1261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male maxillary palps are slender and spatulate. The clasper is linear and almost horizontal, with a long, acuminate dorsal lobe." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1261-Habitat 1261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small streams. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1261-LifeCycle 1261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1261-TrophicStrategy 1261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are mainly detritovores feeding on plant materials and possibly dead fish. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1262-ConservationStatus 1262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 1/17/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1262-Cyclicity 1262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in late July in Idaho. 1/17/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1262-Distribution 1262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Lepidostoma spicatum has only been collected in three areas, Idaho, Montana and Alberta. In Alberta, it was collected in Banff." 1/17/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1262-GeneralDescription 1262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The male antennal scape has been modified with a curved mesal process and the maxillary palps are slender and spatulate. Dorsal process on the clasper is deeply cleft, bilobed and lacking a distal article." 1/17/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1262-Habitat 1262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The only specimens examined were from a spring habitat. 1/17/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1262-LifeCycle 1262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 1/17/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1262-TrophicStrategy 1262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are mainly detritovores feeding on plant materials and possibly dead fish. 1/17/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1263-ConservationStatus 1263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Very abundant and common (LaFontaine, 1981)." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1263-Cyclicity 1263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in mid-June to late July. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1263-Distribution 1263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout Canada and the United States, excluding the southwest, Pacific coast and the Rocky Mountains. In Alberta, it occurs in the central portion of the province." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1263-GeneralDescription 1263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The male antennal scape has a short, rounded mesal bump with several long and stout setae. Maxillary palps have many scale-like setae. The postero-ventral angle of segment 10 (males) is produced into a massive black tooth that is curved postero-ventrad." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1263-Habitat 1263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Flowing and standing waters. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1263-LifeCycle 1263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Pupae develop in late August in Quebec and Brook Trout feed on them as they emerge during the evening hours (LaFontaine, 1981)." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1263-TrophicStrategy 1263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are mainly detritovores feeding on plant materials and possibly dead fish. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1264-ConservationStatus 1264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1264-Cyclicity 1264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late July to late August. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1264-Distribution 1264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ranges from British Columbia and Alberta south to California and New Mexico and east to Quebec. In Alberta, it has been collected at Carrot Creek, Nojack and Waterton River." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1264-GeneralDescription 1264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The male antennal scape is unmodified and the maxillary palps are long. The dorsal process of the clasper is slightly pinched basally, thumb-like and well separated from the ventral process. Distal process of segment 10 is tapered, curved, acuminate and directed posterad." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1264-Habitat 1264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small creeks and rivers. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1264-LifeCycle 1264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1264-TrophicStrategy 1264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are mainly detritovores feeding on plant materials and possibly dead fish. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1267-ConservationStatus 1267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common in forested regions; however, rare in the Great Plains area (Arnett Jr.,1993)." 1/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1267-Cyclicity 1267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "All season; adults have a wide-spread emergence period and flight period (LaFontaine, 1981)." 1/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1267-Distribution 1267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widely distributed, extends from Nova Scotia west to Alberta and south to Mexico (Schmid, 1998)." 1/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1267-GeneralDescription 1267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult head and body varies from pale to straw yellow. The wings are light brown with dark brown mottling and straw coloured legs (LaFontaine, 1981). Male clasper is huge, directed postero-dorsally and distally widened to an approximately rounded object with a dentate perimeter." 1/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1267-Habitat 1267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Flowing waters (up to 34° C), lake littorals or deeper, as deep as 30cm on stream gravels." 1/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1267-LifeCycle 1267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adult emergence throughout the season with a 5 to 6 month egg diapause. Both emergence and egg laying occur in the evening, the females will flop aimlessly on or near the water edge while extruding a mass of eggs (hangs off the tip of the abdomen), then later attaches the mass to a solid object. H. borealis adults look different in flight from other Caddisflies. They fly with both wings in unison because the hindwing is attched to the forewing with a row of tiny hooks; normal Caddisflies beat their wings as two spread-out sets (LaFontaine, 1981)." 1/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1267-TrophicStrategy 1267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Omnivores, larvae feed primarily on diatoms and algae." 1/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1306-ConservationStatus 1306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1306-Cyclicity 1306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early May to mid-October. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1306-Distribution 1306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, known from Alaska to Newfoundland, south to southern British Columbia and St. Lawrence River Valley (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1306-GeneralDescription 1306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are grey and irrorate with faintly tinted-brown hindwings. Adult antennae are brown, vertex of head brown anteriorly and yellow-brown posteriorly. Thorax is dark brown with pale yellow-brown spurs. A single black spine on the male aedeagus lateral membranous lobes, which is curved antero-dordo-mesad. There is also a small dorso-medial membranous lobe (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1306-Habitat 1306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Varying from small to large flowing waters. Wave-washed gravel shores of large lakes. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1306-LifeCycle 1306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual(?) Unknown. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1306-TrophicStrategy 1306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/22/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1156-ConservationStatus 1156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1156-Cyclicity 1156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early July through early September. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1156-Distribution 1156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west across the boreal forest to Alaska, south in the east to Massachusetts, New York and Michigan and in the west to southern Oregon. In the Rocky Mountains they occur south to Arizona and New Mexico. In Alberta, viridisigma is found throughout the Boreal forest, foothills and mountain regions, and in the Cypress Hills." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1156-GeneralDescription 1156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.8-4.2 cm wingspan) moth with dark bluish ash grey forewings and brown hindwings. Forewings are dark slate grey with a dull metallic silvery cast, finely mottled by darker black and lighter grey scales. The stigma is a green-gold V with a prominent distal satellite spot. Hindwings are rich dark brown shading to a wide sooty brown terminal band. The antennae are simple and the sexes are alike. Very similar to the much rarer S. selecta, which averages a bit smaller and has paler brown hindwings that contrasts more with the dark terminal band. Genitalia of lighter specimens should be examined for positive identification. The valve of the male is broad and rounded in viridisigma, with a small finger-like clasper extending less than half way across the valve and two cornuti in the vesica (a tapered valve in selecta, with a larger, triangular clasper extending to the dorsal margin of the valve, and a single cornutus). Females of selecta have a large sclerotized caudal process of the ostium bursa, which is lacking in viridisigma." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1156-Habitat 1156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forests. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1156-LifeCycle 1156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators of conifers, and are the overwintering stage. There is one generation per year." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1156-TrophicStrategy 1156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on a variety of coniferous trees, including spruce (Picea), fir (Abies), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga), pine (Pinus), tamarack (Larix), and cedar (Thuja). However, spruces and firs are by far the most frequently recorded hosts (Prentice, 1962)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1216-ConservationStatus 1216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Probably common. 1/16/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1216-Distribution 1216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental distribution in Canada (Schmid, 1998)." 1/16/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1216-GeneralDescription 1216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults have ocelli and the vertex has three pairs of barely prominent warts. Male antennal length is slightly over half of forewing length. The spur formula is 0, 3, 4. Genital appendages of the males are large and obscured by the posterior edges of segment 9's extensions. The claspers are partly fused mesally, each with a wide, shallowly indented, curved posterior edge." 1/16/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1216-Habitat 1216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lakes, ponds and areas of large rivers where the current is reduced (Wiggins, 1996)." 1/16/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1216-TrophicStrategy 1216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Filamentous algae (Wiggins, 1996)." 1/16/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1380-ConservationStatus 1380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A Holoarctic species; local and rarely collected in Alberta. 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1380-Cyclicity 1380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-July through early September. 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1380-Distribution 1380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holoarctic. From Fennoscandia to eastern Siberia. In North America it is found along the northern part of the Boreal forest, from Labrador to Alaska and south in the mountains to Alberta. In Alberta it has been collected in the northern Boreal forest (nr. Ft. McMurray and in the mountains and foothills south to about Banff." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1380-GeneralDescription 1380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-3.8 cm wingspan) moth with slate-grey and black forewings and sooty-brown hindwings. The forewing ground is black, with paler grey areas at the base, along the costa (especially near the apex area) and in the terminal area. The lower part of the postmedian line is often rusty-red. The stigma is highly variable, usually a thin, silver u or v-shape with a satellite spot distad. The fringe is checkered dark and light grey. The hindwings are dark, sooty brown, shading to a wide blackish terminal band. The antennae are simple and the sexes similar. It is most similar to S. octoscripta, and some specimens need to be determined by examining the genitalia. The end of the valve in interrogationis is sharply angled or pointed (rounded with a preapical spine in octoscripta), and in females of interrogationis the ovipositor lobes are rounded posteriorly (tapered to a narrow apex in octoscripta). \n" 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1380-Habitat 1380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open coniferous forest. 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1380-LifeCycle 1380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light, and have also been caught at sugar bait. There is a single brood each year. It may be common where found." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1380-TrophicStrategy 1380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to feed mainly on blueberry (Vaccinium), but also other ericaceous plants and Dwarf birch (Betula nana)." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6411-ConservationStatus 6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare in Alberta and apparently restricted to sand dune areas. 1/5/09 13:23 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6411-Cyclicity 6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to August. 1/5/09 13:23 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6411-Distribution 6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Described from Pullman, Washington, by Dyar. Otherwise known from southern Alberta and Washington, south through Washington and Colorado to California and New Mexico (Shaffer, 1968). A specimen collected by K. Bowman at Medicine Hat, Alberta, on June 24, 1945 is in the Canadian National Collection (CNC) (Shaffer, 1968). A series was collected on August 12, 2008 by Gary Anweiler in the Middle Sand Hills, 57 km NE of Suffield, Alberta." 1/5/09 13:23 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6411-GeneralDescription 6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small Pyralid with a wingspan around 21 mm. Both fore and hind wings are yellowish white above, the forewings being sprinkled with brown scales. The frons is conical as in other Bandera species but the costal area of the forewings is yellowish white, not all white as in Bandera binotella which also has black spots on the posterior part of the forewings, or basally white as in Bandera cupidinella. Similar to Coenochroa illibella but lacking a pale to whitish FW costa. Also similar to Anerastia lotella but smaller and the frons is conical rather than being rounded. Very different from Peoria approximella in which the labial palpi, frons and area of the fore wings above between the costa and anal vein is blood red to orange red. The genitalia are described and illustrated by Shaffer (1968) while the moth is illustrated by Neunzig (1990)." 1/5/09 13:23 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6411-Habitat 6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sand dune areas. 1/5/09 13:23 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6411-LifeCycle 6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/5/09 13:23 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6411-TrophicStrategy 6411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/5/09 13:23 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1503-ConservationStatus 1503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species; no concerns." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1503-Cyclicity 1503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, adults are on the wing from late June through August." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1503-Distribution 1503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to Alaska and Vancouver Island, north to near treeline and south in the west to coastal north California and Arizona; in the east to North Carolina. In Alberta, alias is found throughout the Boreal forest, Foothills and Mountain regions, as well as in the Cypress Hills, wherever coniferous forest is present." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1503-GeneralDescription 1503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.0-3.4 cm wingspan) with dark grey-black forewings and brown hindwings. Forewings are blackish grey with scattered white scaling in the basal area and along the costa, especially near the apex. The lines and spots are also incompletely marked with white scales. The area below the stigma is more solid dark grey or black. Silver stigma is prominent and moderately thick, V-shaped and usually joined to a solid satellite spot. Hind wings are yellow-brown, shading to a broad sooty marginal band. Antennae are simple and the sexes are alike. Very similar to S. abstrusa, which averages a bit smaller, browner, and often has the stigma separate from the satellite spot. Abstrusa also flies a bit earlier than alias (June versus July) and prefers drier habits. The genitalia must be examined to positively separate the two species. Male clasper valves of alias are short, reaching about one-third or less of the width of the valve, while in abstrusa, it extends almost to the margin. See also S. octoscripta, S. interrogationis, S. rectangula and S. angulidens." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1503-Habitat 1503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous and mixedwood forest. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1503-LifeCycle 1503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators of conifers. They also overwinter as larvae. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1503-TrophicStrategy 1503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Data for Canada, including Alberta, show the larvae utilize a variety of coniferous trees as hosts, including spruce (Picea), fir (Abies), hemlock (Tsuga), pine (Pinus) and Tamarack (Larix). White spruce (Picea glauca) is by far the most frequently recorded host, followed by Balsam fir (Abies balsamifera)." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1504-ConservationStatus 1504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon but widespread species, at the western edge of its range in southern Alberta." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1504-Cyclicity 1504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early June through to the later half of August. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1504-Distribution 1504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New England and Quebec across southern Canada to southern Alberta and south to Kentucky, Kansas and Colorado. In Alberta, it has been collected in the wooded parts of the Grasslands region, north to Olds and Tolman Bridge" 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1504-GeneralDescription 1504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.6-3.8 cm wingspan) dark brown moth. Forewings are dark brown, with the orbicular, reniform and claviform spots prominent and marked with black scales. The subterminal line is narrow and somewhat erratic, marked with a mixture of pale pink and black scales. The most prominent marking is the pale pink-brown oblique stripe running from a point between the orbicular and the reniform to the subterminal line near the anal angle. Hindwings are slightly paler brown than the forewings. Antennae are simple and the sexes are similar." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1504-Habitat 1504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded portions of the Grasslands region. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1504-LifeCycle 1504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light, and also to bait. The flight period is very long, and may indicate more than one generation per year." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1504-TrophicStrategy 1504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1381-ConservationStatus 1381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but rarely encountered moth; habitat is abundant. 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1381-Cyclicity 1381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through July 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1381-Distribution 1381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. In Europe, from Fennoscandia and central Europe east to mountains eastern Asia. In North America it is found from central Yukon east across the subarctic to Newfoundland; south to northern New England, Michigan, Wisconsin and west across the Boreal forest to southern British Columbia; south in the mountains to Colorado. In Alberta it has been collected from the southern edge of the Boreal forest to Lake Athabasca, and throughout the foothills and lower elevations in the mountains." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1381-GeneralDescription 1381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.6-3.0 cm wingspan) grey-brown moth with bright yellow hindwings. The forewings are mottled grey-brown except for the area below the stigma between the antemedian and postmedian lines, which is solid dark reddish-black. The stigma is a thin, silver v or u-shape, with a large silver accessory spot distad. The hindwings are bright yellow with a wide black-brown terminal band. The antennae are simple and the sexes are alike. In the boreal forest region of Alberta there are no other Syngrapha species with yellow hindwings. In the mountains and foothills the small size of microgamma will separate it from all yellow-winged Syngrapha species except S. alticola and small specimens of S. ignea, both of which have different shaped stigmas. The very similar S. montana has not yet been recorded from Alberta, but may turn up in the boreal forest region. There are subtle differences between these two species, which are best separated by examining the genitalia, illustrated in the references listed below. Anarta luteola and A. macrostigma are superficially similar and occur in the same habitats, but lack a stigma on the forewings." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1381-Habitat 1381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic coniferous forest and acid bogs, especially associated with Labrador tea (Ledum)." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1381-LifeCycle 1381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are both nocturnal and diurnal, and they come to light. Females in particular may be found nectaring at flowers during the day. They overwinter as third and fourth instar larvae. There is a single brood each year." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1381-TrophicStrategy 1381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere in North America the larvae are known to feed on Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum), leatherleaf (Cassandra calyculata) and blueberry (Vaccinium). In Europe it has also been found using willow (Salix)." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1398-ConservationStatus 1398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1398-Cyclicity 1398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in June and July. 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1398-Distribution 1398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is wide ranging in both United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found only in a few central localities. 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1398-GeneralDescription 1398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species, in the subgenus Chrysostigma, is black, or dark piceous, sometimes with faint bronzy lustre, elytral foveae brilliantly golden coppery or green. Prothorax broad, with evenly curved, widely reflexed sides, and strongly rounded hind angles. Elytra with margin serrate behind the shoulder, striae deep, intervals with strongly engraved transverse lines, dorsal foveae large, rounded, somewhat varying in size, but at least in part broader than the corresponding interval. Length 19 to 25 mm." 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1398-Habitat 1398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This species is pronouncedly terricolous and inhabits open, rather dry fields with low vegetation." 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1398-LifeCycle 1398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The beetles are active until the beginning of August and then overwinter. 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1398-TrophicStrategy 1398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are voracious predators on Bombycimorph caterpillars. 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1399-ConservationStatus 1399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1399-Cyclicity 1399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in May and June. 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1399-Distribution 1399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is wide ranging in both United States and Canada. In Alberta this species has been collected in the central regions. 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1399-GeneralDescription 1399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species, in the subgenus Calosoma, is characterized by the small, short prothorax which, compared with the elytra, is pronouncedly narrow. Black, often with faint bronze lustre, sides of prothorax and elytral foveae and side margins usually metallic (green, golden or purple); ventral side with green or purple reflection; legs black. Length 17 to 27 mm.\n" 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1399-Habitat 1399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This species may occur in all kinds of habitats, but apparently prefers open woodland." 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1399-LifeCycle 1399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwintering occurs in the adult stage. Adults readily climb trees in seach of caterpillars. 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1399-TrophicStrategy 1399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory, particularly in the larval stage, specializing upon caterpillars and pupae of Lepidoptera." 2/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1255-ConservationStatus 1255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1255-Cyclicity 1255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly between mid-July to mid-August. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1255-Distribution 1255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ranges from Yukon south to California and east to Utah and Colorado. In Alberta, central and southern foothills." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1255-GeneralDescription 1255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The scape of the male antennae bear many stout setae on the mesal lobe (Weaver III, 1983). The dorsal process of the clasper is slender and parallel to the main body. On the dorsal process there is also a distal article, which is directed postero-dorsad." 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1255-Habitat 1255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mountain and foothill creeks. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1255-LifeCycle 1255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?). 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1255-TrophicStrategy 1255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are mainly detritovores feeding on plant materials and possibly dead fish. 1/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1422-ConservationStatus 1422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Introduced; not common. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1422-Cyclicity 1422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta specimen was collected in September. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1422-Distribution 1422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in the Massachusetts and Washington (state) in the United States and has a disjunct distribution in Canada. In Alberta there is a single record from Edmonton. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1422-GeneralDescription 1422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species, in the subgenus Carabus, is a European introduction. Black, upper surface and prosternum usually with rather dull brassy, sometimes greenish lustre. More slender than C. meander, with longer antennae and legs. The elytral sculpture is almost identical, except that a sutural ridge, inside the first row of tubercles, is at least suggested basally. Prothorax more pronouncedly square, with more broadly flattened sides. The elytral margin is not serrate behind the shoulders. Length 16 to 24 mm." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1422-Habitat 1422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In open country or light deciduous woods, usually near water, often on cultivated ground." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1422-LifeCycle 1422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Known to overwinter in the adult stage. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1422-TrophicStrategy 1422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1424-ConservationStatus 1424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1424-Cyclicity 1424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in May to October. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1424-Distribution 1424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species ranges across the northern half of United States and most of Canada (not recorded from Manitoba). In Alberta most of the specimens have been collected in the Edmonton area, and a single specimen from Cold Lake (central Alberta near Alberta-Saskatchewan border)." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1424-GeneralDescription 1424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species, in the subgenus Archicarabus, is a European introduction. Black or dark piceous, upper surface more or less cupreous or greenish bronze, sides of prothorax, and often elytra, usually violaceous. Elytron with three rows of foveae and on each interval with suggestion of five ridges, so irregular and confluent as to give a scaly appearance. Length 21 to 26 mm." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1424-Habitat 1424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Pronouncedly synanthropic, restricted to cultivated ground, even in parks & gardens in the cities." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1424-LifeCycle 1424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1424-TrophicStrategy 1424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1425-ConservationStatus 1425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1425-Cyclicity 1425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in May, June and August." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1425-Distribution 1425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species ranges through most of United States and southern Canada. In Alberta specimens have been collected in the central region and in the extreme south. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1425-GeneralDescription 1425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is in the subgenus Hemicarabus.. Black, prothorax and elytra with violaceous margins. Prothorax with distinctly reflexed, posteriorly widened sides. Side margins of elytra strongly serrate behind the shoulder. Elytral sculpture very distinct, consisting of each three rows of oblong tubercles separated by four coarsely punctate striae. Length 16 to 24 mm." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1425-Habitat 1425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A xerophilus species, confined to open, gravelly ground, usually moraine, with sparse vegetation." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1425-LifeCycle 1425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1425-TrophicStrategy 1425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1426-ConservationStatus 1426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/5/02 0:00 3/24/14 14:42 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1426-Cyclicity 1426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in June to September. 2/5/02 0:00 3/24/14 14:42 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1426-Distribution 1426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in Alaska and ranges through the western half of United States and most of Canada. In Alberta this species has been collected in most areas except the north west and south east regions. 2/5/02 0:00 3/24/14 14:42 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1426-GeneralDescription 1426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is in the subgenus Oreocarabus. A rather variable species, but common features are: Black, without any trace of metallic lustre, elytra often rufinistic. The raised margin of prothorax is better defined inwards than in nemoralis. The elytral sculpture is based on seven faint ridges on each interval between the rows of foveae but the ridges are irregular, often so obscure and confluent that the impression is of punctures arranged into winding rows. Length 16 to 26 mm." 2/5/02 0:00 3/24/14 14:42 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1426-Habitat 1426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A xerophilus species, preferring open, gravelly soil, usually moraine, with thin, low vegetation." 2/5/02 0:00 3/24/14 14:42 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1426-LifeCycle 1426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Probably overwinters in the adult stage. 2/5/02 0:00 3/24/14 14:42 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1426-TrophicStrategy 1426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/5/02 0:00 3/24/14 14:42 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1439-ConservationStatus 1439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "More common in the east, rare in the west." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1439-Cyclicity 1439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in May and June. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1439-Distribution 1439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northcentral to northeastern United States and ranges across most of Canada. In Alberta this species has been collected in central and southern regions. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1439-GeneralDescription 1439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is in the subgenus Homoeocarabus. Black, upper surface and prosternum as a rule pronouncedly metallic, varying from bronze to copper or green. The prothorax is more convex than in granulatus, with less flattened sides. In elytral sculpture it resembles granulatus: three rows of strong tubercles alternating with two unbroken, more or less winding ridges; but the sutural ridge is lacking. The elytral margin is feebly serrate behind the shoulder. Length 15 to 23.5 mm." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1439-Habitat 1439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A hygrophilus species, confined to more or less moist ground with rich, moderately high vegetation." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1439-LifeCycle 1439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1439-TrophicStrategy 1439 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1984-ConservationStatus 1984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare; provincial rank S1 and ""Status Undetermined"" because of few records." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1984-Cyclicity 1984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from June to September; peaking in late June (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1984-Distribution 1984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Other Canadian records are from southern British Columbia and southwestern Saskatchewan (Layberry et al., 1998). It has a wide range in the western United States, south through Mexico and Central America to Ecuador, South America (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1984-GeneralDescription 1984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are very large (90-127 mm wingspan). They are easy to distinguish from other swallowtails in Alberta by their size and because each hindwing has two tails, one twice as long as the other. The most similar species in Alberta is the Canadian Tiger Swallowtail (P. canadensis), which is smaller, has wider black bands and lacks the additional tail. \nLarvae are apple green and have two eye-spots near their head. They have a yellow green to yellow main eyespot with a pale blue centre, it is surrounded by a black line. The adjacent satellite spot is also yellow green to yellow and is enclosed by a black line. There is a yellow anterior band that is narrower than the black transverse band (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). A few days before pupating, the larvae turn red-brown.\nPupae are mottled green brown to yellow brown, with a brown lateral stripe (Guppy & Shepard, 2001)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1984-Habitat 1984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, found in coulees and riparian areas in the southern grasslands." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1984-LifeCycle 1984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are known to mud-puddle. Males patrol stream courses, lake margins, forest edges and openings, and city streets looking for receptive females [Opler et al., 1995]). Females lay eggs singly on leaves of host plant (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Larvae hatch, consume the egg chorion, eat leaves and rest on silken mats in shelters of curled leaves (Opler et al., 1995; Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Eggs are pale green yellow (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). They are univoltine and the pupae overwinter (Opler et al., 1995; Guppy & Shepard, 2001; Anweiler, pers. obs.)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1984-TrophicStrategy 1984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta. Elsewhere, cherries (Prunus spp.), ashes (Fraxinus spp.), hop tree (Ptelea trifoliata), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) and Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia). Adults feed on flower nectar and in Alberta they have been observed feeding on thistles (Carduus spp. and Cirsium spp.) and Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) (Lancaster, 1988; Sperling & Kondla, 1991; Bird et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2004-ConservationStatus 2004 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare; provincial rank S1and ""Status Undetermined"" because of few records." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2004-Cyclicity 2004 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in early August. In British Columbia, adults fly from late June to mid-August." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2004-Distribution 2004 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, it occurs in Alberta and British Columbia (Layberry et al., 1998). Its range extends southeast to Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and south through California to Baja California Norte (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2004-GeneralDescription 2004 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This small (25-35 mm wingspan) hairstreak may or may not have tails (Opler et al.; 1995). The colouration of the wings is similar to other hairstreaks in the province, particularly Satyrium acadicum: dorsal wings are grey-brown or reddish with blue sheen and females have a yellowish tinge. The ventral wings are lighter brown and may even be pale grey to white. There is an orange submarginal patch on the ventral hindwing adjacent to the blue spot. However, the extent of the orange areas is smaller in S. sylvinum than in other hairstreaks. There is no orange submarginal spot on the ventral forewing and no orange cap on the blue spot on the ventral hindwing. There is also a postmarginal band of small black dots; some individuals may have only a few spots.\nEggs are not described.\nLarvae are pale green they also have a thin dorsal line that is dark green or white (Layberry et al.; 1998; Opler & Wright; 1999).\nPupae are dark brown (Guppy & Shepard, 2001)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2004-Habitat 2004 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Middle Kootenay Pass in Alberta. Elsewhere, willow thickets, open woodlands, streams and oases." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2004-LifeCycle 2004 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown in Alberta. Eggs overwinter in British Columbia (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Larvae complete development in the spring and feed on willow leaves (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Males perch on low vegetation near host plants to watch for females (Opler et al., 1995). Eggs are laid singly on stems of host plants (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2004-TrophicStrategy 2004 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta, although willow (Salix spp.) have been identified as host plants in the neighbouring province: British Columbia (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Adults feed on flower nectar (Opler et al., 1995): milkweeds in the United States (Opler & Wright, 1999) and Kondla (2001) documented a nectar feeding event on spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) in Alberta." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2005-ConservationStatus 2005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare; provincial rank S1 and ""Status Undetermined"" because of few records." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2005-Cyclicity 2005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from May to June (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2005-Distribution 2005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, it is found from Southern British Columbia east to Alberta (Layberry et al., 1998). Its range extends south through eastern Washington to the Sierra Nevada of California and southeast along Rocky Mountains to New Mexico (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2005-GeneralDescription 2005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The wingspan of this small hairstreak is between 22-29 mm. Dorsal wing colour is dark grey-brown. The bright green to dark grey-green ventral wing colour distinguishes this butterfly from others in Alberta. There is a postmedian line of white dots may be straight or bulged out, reduced, or lacking. \nEggs are not described.\nLarvae are green to pink (Opler & Wright, 1999).\nPupae are not described." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2005-Habitat 2005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, found in dry grassy slopes of the foothills and Rocky Mountains (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2005-LifeCycle 2005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown in Alberta. Pupae overwinter in Washington and they make creaking sounds when disturbed (Hiruma et al., 1997). Males perch to watch for females in depressions or gulch bottoms (Opler et al., 1995). Females lay eggs singly on host plant (Eriogonum) leaves (Opler et al., 1995; Hiruma et al., 1997). Larvae eat leaves, although some prefer flowers and young fruits (Opler et al., 1995; Guppy & Shepard, 2001)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2005-TrophicStrategy 2005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta, but larvae feed on various species of wild buckwheat (Eriogonum spp.) in Colorado and Washington (Warren & Robbins, 1993; Opler et al., 1995; Hiruma et al., 1997). Adults feed on flower nectar (Opler et al., 1995). Acorn (1993) states that C. sheridanii larvae feed on bearberry (Arctostaphylus uva-ursi), blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) and laurel." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1140-ConservationStatus 1140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1140-Cyclicity 1140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-July through late August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1140-Distribution 1140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland, west across the southern Boreal forest to Yukon Territory and western British Columbia, south to Pennsylvania and Ohio in the east and Colorado and Oregon in the west. In Alberta, it has been collected throughout much the foothills and low elevations in the mountains and across the Boreal Forest region north to the northern Peace River and the Lake Athabasca regions. Also reported from the Alberta Cypress Hills." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1140-GeneralDescription 1140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.9-4.0 cm wingspan) with ash-grey forewings and yellow-brown hindwings. Forewings are smooth, ash-grey except for the posterior half between the antemedian and postmedian lines, which is dark red-brown below the stigma, shading to dark slate grey. The stigma is a thin silver line, swelling slightly at the outer end and with the inner end joining the antemedian line. Hindwings are dark yellow-brown shading darker toward the margin. The antennae are simple and both the sexes alike. Very similar to Autographa ampla, but in ampla, the patch below the stigma is larger and darker, and there is a small dark patch near the forewing apex, as well as the structural differences that sepatrate the two genera." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1140-Habitat 1140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry rocky or sandy woodland, barrens and bogs." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1140-LifeCycle 1140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators and have the habitat of switching from the preferred host (blueberry) to a wide range of plants such as Aspen poplar, Jack pine, and Spiraea later in the season. There is a single brood each year." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1140-TrophicStrategy 1140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, reported to feed mainly on Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), including commercial blueberry fields. It will switch to Kalmia angustifolia and a variety of trees and shrubs in the fall when blueberry becomes less palatable." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1141-ConservationStatus 1141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no obvious concerns." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1141-Cyclicity 1141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early July to late August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1141-Distribution 1141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to central Alaska and Vancouver Island, from treeline in the north south to the southern Prairie provinces in the west and Wisconsin, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New Jersey in the east. In Alberta, it has been collected from Lake Athabasca and Zama south throughout the boreal forest and in the foothills to about Calgary. It has also been collected in the Grasslands region, in the Red Deer River at Dinosaur Provincial Park and in the South Saskatchewan River, south of Empress." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1141-GeneralDescription 1141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.4-3.6 cm wingspan) with dark grey and black forewings and buff-brown hindwings. Forewings are mostly black, with grey mottling in the basal area and extending along the costa to about the subterminal line. The stigma is a fine, open silver U with a separate hollow silver spot or ring just distad, usually joined by the arm of the U. There is a smallpatch of red-brown scales just beyond the stigma. Hindwings are buff-brown, shading into a wide, dark terminal band. The fringes on all wings are finely scalloped and checkered grey and black. Antennae are simple and both the sexes are similar. Very similar to S. interrogationis and some specimens of S. alias, and where these other species occur positive identification may require examining the genitalia. The pre-apical spine on the male valve of octoscripta is diagnostic and can usually be seen without resorting to dissection. There are additional diagnostic genitalic characters in both sexes, illustrated in the references listed below." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1141-Habitat 1141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry coniferous and mixedwood boreal forest; dry, sandy grasslands." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1141-LifeCycle 1141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The Dusky Silver Y is nocturnal and comes to light. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1141-TrophicStrategy 1141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere, blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). Populations in the grasslands of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan must utilize a different host, perhaps Bearberry (Arctostaphylos), as blueberry does not occur in these areas." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1142-ConservationStatus 1142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon moth with somewhat restricted range, but habitat in Alberta appears secure." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1142-Cyclicity 1142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta during the latter half of July. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1142-Distribution 1142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Syngrapha orophila has a limited western range. It has been found from extreme northern British Columbia and the Queen Charlotte Islands, south and east to southern Oregon, western Wyoming and Montana and western Alberta. In Alberta, it has been collected in the mountains from Jasper to the Crow's Nest Pass area." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1142-GeneralDescription 1142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-3.6 cm. wingspan) grey moth with yellow hindwings. The forewings are dark ash-grey, except for the area between the antemedian and postmedian lines below the stigma, which is black. Hindwings are bright yellow, with a broad black terminal band. The large hair tuft on the thorax is mostly grey. Antennae are simple and both the sexes are similar. Orophila is very similar to S. borea and S. diasema. S. diasema has buff, not yellow hindwings. S. borea has more brown in the forewings, a large red-brown (not grey) thoracic hair tuft and a shallow-U-shaped silver stigma with a prominent extension or satellite spot (a deep-U in orophila, with a sharp angle or small hook but no extensions or satellites spot). They can also be separated using genitalic characters. A number of smaller Syngrapha species (ignea, microgamma, alticola and montana) also have yellow hindwings, but the forewing color and stigma shape will separate orophila from these." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1142-Habitat 1142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open coniferous forest in the mountains. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1142-LifeCycle 1142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1142-TrophicStrategy 1142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. The only known larva from Washington was reared from blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1143-ConservationStatus 1143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species with secure habitat; local and rarely collected in Alberta. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1143-Cyclicity 1143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta during the later half of July. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1143-Distribution 1143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across the arctic from Labrador to central Alaska, north to coastal Greenland and Ellesmere Island, south in the Rocky Mountains to Alberta. In Alberta, it has been collected in alpine areas from Jasper National Park south to Nordegg." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1143-GeneralDescription 1143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather small (2.7 cm. wingspan) grey moth. Forewings are smooth dark grey and paler grey-brown. The lower two-thirds of the forewing between the antemedian and the postmedian lines is a sharply defined dark red-black block. The lines defining this block are pale pink-brown, and a silvery stigma comprised of a shallow arc forking into two diverging arms above marks the upper edge. Hindwings are dark grey with a wide diffuse white median band. Antennae are simple and both the sexes are alike. The only similar patterned moth is the grey form of the much larger Anagrapha falcifera, which has a different hindwing pattern." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1143-Habitat 1143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arctic and alpine tundra. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1143-LifeCycle 1143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are diurnal. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1143-TrophicStrategy 1143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere, larvae have been found on willow (Salix)." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1155-ConservationStatus 1155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1155-Cyclicity 1155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June through early August. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1155-Distribution 1155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily a western mountain species (northern Alaska south to southern California and New Mexico, with an apparently disjunct population in Labrador), but also found sparingly across the boreal forest and the subarctic. In Alberta, it has been collected throughout the mountains and foothills, east to the Calgary and Lethbridge (?) areas. It should be watched for in the Alberta Cypress Hills and in the Boreal Forest region." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1155-GeneralDescription 1155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (2.9-3.2 cm wingspan) with reddish-brown forewings and bright yellow-orange hindwings. The forewings are brown with the lower two-thirds of the area between the antemedian and postmedian lines darker, almost black. Stigma is a silver dash and narrowly forked at the upper end. Hindwings are bright yellow-orange, with a black terminal band. Very similar to S. alticola, which has darker, blackish-brown forewings, a shorter stigma and a more zigzag terminal line. Other Syngrapha species with yellow hindwings (borea, orophila, microgamma) have mainly grey forewings and different stigmas. Autographa sansoni is larger and has pale yellow hindwings. There are also genitalic differences (see References). The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. Older literature refers to ignea as S. hochenwarthi, a closely related Palearctcic species." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1155-Habitat 1155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Subalpine and lower elevation meadows, roadsides, clearings, edges and other non-wooded habitats." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1155-LifeCycle 1155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults of the Mountain Beauty are active both during the day and at night, and are attracted to lights. There is a single brood each season." 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1155-TrophicStrategy 1155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. The only available host plant information is from lab rearing at the CNC. Larvae in the lab were reared on blueberry (Vaccinium) but switched to willow (Salix) in the late instars. 1/10/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1925-ConservationStatus 1925 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread moth. No concerns." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1925-Cyclicity 1925 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in from mid-July through August. 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1925-Distribution 1925 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west, almost to the British Columbia coast, north to the Northwest Territories and south to New Mexico in the west and Pennsylvania and Long Island in the east. In Alberta, it can be found throughout the wooded areas, from Lake Athabasca south to the valleys of the Grasslands region." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1925-GeneralDescription 1925 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.7-4.0 cm wingspan). The forewings are dark rust or pink-brown and tan, the central area and a broad subterminal band darker than the rest and the central area in particular largely metallic. Lower portions of the antemedian and postmedian lines are usually marked by metallic silver scales. There is a large, two part (but often joined) bright silver-gold stigma in the center of the forewing, as well as a small silver spot just inside the base of the reniform spot. The inner part of the stigma is shaped like a G, while the outer part is oval, both infilled. Hindwings are sooty brown, shading into a wide dark terminal band. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. Overall, similar in appearance to A. metallica, which occurs in the southern mountains of Alberta. Metallica is usually darker brown and has a one part teardrop-shaped stigma." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1925-Habitat 1925 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodland, clearings and edges, hay meadows, etc." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1925-LifeCycle 1925 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1925-TrophicStrategy 1925 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere, dandelion (Taraxicum sp.) is listed as a larval host, and it has been reared in the lab on plantain (Plantago) and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). Probably a general feeder on herbaceous plants as are most members of the genus." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1943-ConservationStatus 1943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1943-Cyclicity 1943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July - August. 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1943-Distribution 1943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to Yukon and Alaska, south through B.C. and Alberta." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1943-GeneralDescription 1943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Because of its relatively small size, this species could possibly be mistaken for a micro-moth. However, the comparatively large hindwing and a yellow forewing costa distinguishs this species." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1943-Habitat 1943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in the boreal forest. Sporadic in the parkland and riparian cottonwoods in the prairies. 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1943-TrophicStrategy 1943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Lichens growing on conifers, although development can occur on the conifer needles themselves (McGugan, 1958). Since this species also occurs in non-coniferous habitats, larvae must also feed on other lichens, possibly those associated with mature aspen and poplar trees." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1944-ConservationStatus 1944 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1944-Cyclicity 1944 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing early June through early August. 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1944-Distribution 1944 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across much of the boreal forest of southern Canada, west to southern BC, but the range needs redefining owing to confusing of past published records with those of Idia aemula. In Alberta it occurs throughout the Boreal forest and foothills, north at least to Lake Athabasca. Apparently mostly absent from the Aspen parklands and grasslands regions." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1944-GeneralDescription 1944 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2 cm. wingspan), broad-winged moth, with medium-brown forewings crossed by 4 or 5 jagged dark lines, some partially bordered by white but quite variable among specimens. The hindwings are much paler than and contrast with the forewings. Very similar to and often very difficult to separate from Idia aemula, which is darker and lacks a strong contrast in color between the forewings and hingwings. The lines on the forewings of nr. aemula also tend to be stronger and more sharply defined than those of aemula. Genitalia in both sexes appear indistinguishable from those of aemula. In Handfield 1999 it is treated as Idia concisa." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1944-Habitat 1944 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous and mixedwood forest. 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1944-LifeCycle 1944 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal, and come to both light and sugar baits. They have been collected from early June to early August. Unlike most members of the genus, the larvae apparently feed on the living needles of spruce and fir." 2/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23414-ConservationStatus 23414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common and of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23414-Cyclicity 23414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to early September. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23414-Distribution 23414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nearctic. Southern Alberta, south to Texas and California (Munroe 1972). Not reported from Alberta by Bowman (1951)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23414-GeneralDescription 23414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "An attractive-looking, medium-sized to small moth with long forewings and a wingspan of 21 mm or larger. The forewing has a whitish ground color. It is crossed by two basal, fuscous, transverse bars, a central area which is white with a dusting of black scales, and by four fuscous bars near the apex. The hindwing has an inner row of five black spots while the distal part is white with three black markings. The males are smaller than the females. Rather similar to Petrophila jaliscalis and P. confusalis, which should be watched for in southernmost Alberta, but differ by having the white distal part of the hindwing finely dusted with black scales and one, rather than two, fuscous, transverse bars near the base of the forewing. Munroe (1972) called the genus Parargyractis rather than Petrophila. Formerly placed in the Pyralidae, subfamily Nymphulinae, but recently considered to be in the Family Crambidae, subfamily Acentropinae." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23414-Habitat 23414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Near streams and ponds throughout the southern part of Alberta. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23414-LifeCycle 23414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Munroe (1972) does not comment specifically on Petrophila kearfottalis, but mentions that the larvae of several other species of the genus are aquatic, live on rocks, feed on algae and that, when fully grown, have blood gills." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23414-TrophicStrategy 23414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Presumably algae. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1983-ConservationStatus 1983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Historic records; provincial rank SH and ""Status Undetermined"" because of no recent information." 2/28/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1983-Cyclicity 1983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly first week of August (Bird et al., 1995)." 2/28/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1983-Distribution 1983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Endemic to North America. The Alberta records are on the northern periphery of its range. In Canada, it also occurs in British Columbia (Layberry, et al. 1998). Its range extends south to the western states including northern California, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming and Utah (Opler et al., 1995)." 2/28/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1983-GeneralDescription 1983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "It is a medium sized butterfly (46-72 mm wingspan). Adults are sexually dimorphic. Males are milk-white with black checks, grey patches, and red spots on hindwing. The adult female is similar to the male, but wings have transparent areas, there are large grey patches on the outer forewing and occasionally there are red spots near the inner hind wing edge. A large waxy white pouch, known as a sphragis, is found near the ventral tip of mated female abdomens (Acorn, 1993; Bird et al., 1995). The entirely black antennae of both sexes distinguish this Parnassian from the only other Parnassian in the province of Alberta, Parnassius smintheus, which has alternating bands of white and black on its antennae (Acorn, 1993; Bird et al., 1995). Another distinguishing character of P. clodius is the absence of red spots on the forewing (Layberry et al., 1998).\nEggs are white to pale brown, round and are flattened on the top and bottom (Guppy & Bird, 2001).\nEarly instar larvae have small tubercles (McCorkle & Hammond, 1985). Later instar larvae are usually black with rows of yellow or reddish spots and are covered with fine hairs. In mountain passes in Washington and California, larvae are another colour form. They are grey-brown to pink-grey, with cream yellow lateral spots and dorsal rows of narrow chevron markings (McCorkle & Hammond, 1985; Layberry et al., 1998; Guppy & Bird, 2001). \nPupae are dark red brown, oval and smooth and are formed within a sturdy cocoon (Guppy & Bird, 2001). \n" 2/28/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1983-Habitat 1983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In AB, areas of high elevation, elsewhere, open woods, shaded canyons, alpine and subalpine areas." 2/28/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1983-LifeCycle 1983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown for Alberta. Eggs or larvae overwinter in decayed leaf litter and pupate in thin silken cocoons in the spring in British Columbia (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Males patrol habitat to find females; after mating they attach a pouch (sphragis) to the female to prevent multiple matings (Acorn, 1993; Bird et al., 1995). Females scatter single eggs on or near the host plant (McCorkle & Hammond, 1985; Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Larvae may feed at night or during the day at the base of host plant and may be parasitized (McCorkle & Hammond, 1985). Larvae pupate in a loose silk cocoon above ground (Guppy & Shepard, 2001; enature.com, 2002)." 2/28/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1983-TrophicStrategy 1983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta. Larvae feed on bleeding heart (Dicentra formosa) in the rain forests of the Pacific Northwest, D. uniflora in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and D. pauciflora is consumed elsewhere (Opler et al., 1995; Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Adults feed on flower nectar (Opler et al., 1995)." 2/28/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2127-ConservationStatus 2127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The species is not endangered, but as with all stoneflies, it is sensitive to organic pollution." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2127-Cyclicity 2127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge over a two-week period from late June to early July. 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2127-Distribution 2127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, the species is known from the Cypress Hills and Bow River. In North America, it ranges from British Columbia to California and New Mexico and east to South Dakota and Saskatchewan." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2127-GeneralDescription 2127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males (length = 25 mm) have paraprocts that are flattened, triangular and sharply pointed at their anteriorly directed tips, but lack spinules on Tergites 9 and 10. Females (length = 37 mm) have the subgenital plate produced over half of Sternum 9; the hind margin of the subgenital plate is slightly angular and usually has a squarish shiny spot at its apex. The nymph has anal gills but lacks an occipital ridge. The nymphal head has a yellow mark extending from the labrum to the anterior ocellus and dark brown abdominal terga." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2127-Habitat 2127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Large, cool water streams." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2127-LifeCycle 2127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle is three years, and the nymphal habitat is under larger rocks in regions of the stream with the swiftest current." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2127-TrophicStrategy 2127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nymphs are carnivorous, preying principally on mayfly nymphs and chironomid and caddis fly larvae." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2129-ConservationStatus 2129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The species is not endangered, but as with all stoneflies, it is sensitive to organic pollution." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2129-Cyclicity 2129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge in early to mid July depending on water temperatures. 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2129-Distribution 2129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, the species is known from boreal streams. In North America, it occurs from northern Quebec south through New England to Florida and west to Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Tennessee." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2129-GeneralDescription 2129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males (length = 18 mm) have paraprocts that are flattened, triangular and sharply pointed at their anteriorly directed tips, and have spinules on Tergites 9 and 10. Females (length = 35 mm) have the subgenital plate produced and flattened or emarginate apically. Adults can be distinguished from Acroneuria abnormis by the presence of anal gill remnants and dark brown sclerotization on the head within the ocellar triangle. Nymphs have anal gills, and a banded pattern on abdominal terga with a light M-pattern in front of the anterior ocellus." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2129-Habitat 2129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Large, cool water streams and rivers." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2129-LifeCycle 2129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle is three years in Saskatchewan, and the nymphal habitat is under larger rocks in regions of the stream with the swiftest current." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2129-TrophicStrategy 2129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nymphs are carnivorous, preying on other smaller aquatic insect nymphs and larvae." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2130-ConservationStatus 2130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The species is not endangered, but as with all stoneflies, it is sensitive to organic pollution." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2130-Cyclicity 2130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge in late June to mid-July. 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2130-Distribution 2130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, this species is known from the Saskatchewan River system, and from boreal and mountain streams. In North America, it ranges from the Cordilleran region of British Columbia and Alberta through the Cascade and Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and east to northern Manitoba and northern Ontario." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2130-GeneralDescription 2130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males (length = 19.6 mm) are brachypterous, but females (length = 31.4 mm) are long-winged. Males have genital hooks darkly sclerotized at their tips and arising from lateral angles of Tergum 10. Males also have a raised knob or ""hammer"" on Sternum 9. The female subgenital plate is broadly rounded, usually with a shallow median recession and is little produced over Sternum 9. The subgenital plate has a row of spinules along its posterior margin. Nymphs have anal gills and an occipital ridge composed of spinules." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2130-Habitat 2130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Larger, coolwater streams and rivers." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2130-LifeCycle 2130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle is three years in Saskatchewan, and the nymphal habitat is under stones in swift riffle areas. Adults are nocturnal, emerging at nightfall and when active at dusk or night have the ability to move on the surface of the water somewhat like water-striders. Mating can occur as soon as the female emerges from its nymphal exuvium." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2130-TrophicStrategy 2130 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nymphs are carnivorous, feeding on mayfly nymphs, black fly and chironomid larvae." 3/18/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1508-ConservationStatus 1508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly rare and local species, found mainly in dunes." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1508-Cyclicity 1508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June to early August. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1508-Distribution 1508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In several subspecies from southern California and southern Utah north to southern BC, central Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba. In Alberta it occurs locally in the grasslands region of the southern half of the province, west to Calgary and north to Wainwright. It was described by Dod from specimens from Lethbridge (the type locality) and Calgary." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1508-GeneralDescription 1508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.8-4.2 cm wingspan) white moth with a faint grey-green cast caused by darker underlying scales and thus more pronounced in worn specimens. Frequently with a faint pale narrow vertical streak running from the base along the fold, and from the disc toward the apex. Rarely with a few fine black dots marking the antemedian and postmedian lines. The hindwings are white to light grey, always with at least some grey in the central area and at least some indication of a discal spot. Fringes white. The related C. grandis has pale yellow forewings and immaculate white hindwings lacking any trace of the dark discal spot. Protogygia pallida is very similar, but is dull white rather than greenish-white, the dark scaling on the hindwings is poorly defined and not concentrated in the central area, and the discal spot is lacking. Other white grassland moths have either prominent black spotting (i.e. Cucullia luna (Morr.)) or bright orange on the forelegs or venter (i.e. Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Spilosoma congrua Wlk.). The larvae are mostly cream in color, with a reddish tan dorsal stripe and a slightly darker stigmatal stripe; the ventral surface is distinctly blue (Seamans, 1925)." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1508-Habitat 1508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sand dunes and other disturbed sandy soils. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1508-LifeCycle 1508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The moths emerge from the pupae with the eggs nearly fully developed, and they are laid within a week or two. Eggs are laid in loose soil in mid-summer, and the larvae hibernate when partly grown, completing development the following spring. They are one of the first noctuid larvae to become active in spring, are very active and can bury themselves very rapidly if uncovered. Feeding is above ground at night; during the day they bury themselves about 2.5 cm deep in the soil under the host plants. Pupation occurs in an earthen cell about five cm deep in the soil; adults emerge after three to four weeks. The pupae are unusual and distinctive in having an extremely long haustellum (proboscal sheath). Larval are parasitized by both Hymenoptera and Diptera, including the Tachnid fly Bonnetia compta Fall. (Seamans, 1925)." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1508-TrophicStrategy 1508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The only recorded host is a native mustard (Cruciferae). 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1540-ConservationStatus 1540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1540-Cyclicity 1540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have benn collected in April to June. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1540-Distribution 1540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Alaska and western United States and in western Canada, including the north. In Alberta this species is recorded from the Edmonton area and in the extreme north east corner of the provinve." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1540-GeneralDescription 1540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is the only species of Trachypachus found in Alberta. The antennae only have scattered stiff setae, lacking dense, depressed pubescence on the outer seven antennomeres. The metacoxae are extended laterally to meet the margins of elytra. Black or very dark piceous, tibiae usually brownish, upper surface shiny brass. Prothorax with three lateral setigerous punctures each side; anterior and posterior margins fringed with short setae. Elytra with varying number (3-12) of irregular rows of punctures, effacing at apex. Length 3.8 to 5.8 mm." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1540-Habitat 1540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A xerophilus species, on open or slightly shaded ground, usually moraine, with sparse vegetation." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1540-LifeCycle 1540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species overwinters in the adult stage. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1540-TrophicStrategy 1540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1351-ConservationStatus 1351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1351-Cyclicity 1351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid-May to late September. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1351-Distribution 1351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinenal, ranges from the boreal forest south to Utah, Arkansas and North Carolina, however the south-eastern coastal states are excluded. In Canada, it has been recorded in all provinces except Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories and portions of the Maritimes." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1351-GeneralDescription 1351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are pale yellow-brown with a faint pattern. The antennae are yellow-brown and the thorax is dark brown, paling laterally. The legs and spurs are pale yellow-brown. The distal article of the male clasper narrows abruptly from the basal end and the article curves slighlty dorsad (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1351-Habitat 1351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Eclectic flowing waters. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1351-LifeCycle 1351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Unknown. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1351-TrophicStrategy 1351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1352-ConservationStatus 1352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare (?). 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1352-Cyclicity 1352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from May through to August. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1352-Distribution 1352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Recorded south from Alberta and Saskatchewan to Mexico and east to Illinois. In Alberta, found in the Red Deer River at Drumheller." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1352-GeneralDescription 1352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewings and hindwings of males are golden brown. Antennae are yellow-brown, vertex deep red-brown with paler warts and the thorax is deep red-brown paling to grey-brown laterally. Legs are yellow-brown with yellow spurs. The tip of the male aedeagus is simple and the sclerite is almost circular (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1352-Habitat 1352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Slower, less turbulent parts of creeks and large rivers." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1352-LifeCycle 1352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Unknown. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1352-TrophicStrategy 1352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1353-ConservationStatus 1353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Expected in Alberta. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1353-Cyclicity 1353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in June (records from the Pacific Northwest). 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1353-Distribution 1353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Specimens have been found in Washington, Montana and Idaho." 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1353-GeneralDescription 1353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewings of males are brownish-cream. Antennae are pale straw and the vertex is red-brown with almost white warts. Legs are straw-coloured. The clasper articles are of different widths and lack demarcation sutures. The distal article is sharply hooked and has a slight disto-mesal tooth (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1353-Habitat 1353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Flowing water. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1353-LifeCycle 1353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Unknown. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1353-TrophicStrategy 1353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1354-ConservationStatus 1354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not common, but there are local populations." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1354-Cyclicity 1354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid-May to early September. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1354-Distribution 1354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution British Columbia east to Quebec and south to Georgia. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1354-GeneralDescription 1354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are grey-brown and hindwings are pale grey. Antennae are brown, both the vertex and thorax are dark chocolate-brown. Legs are pale brown to yellow with pale brown spurs. the clasper articles are smooth, with the distal article distinctly hooked dorsad (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1354-Habitat 1354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small and often spring-fed streams. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1354-LifeCycle 1354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Unknown. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1354-TrophicStrategy 1354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1355-ConservationStatus 1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1355-Cyclicity 1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid-May to mid-October. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1355-Distribution 1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Transcontinental across North America south of the treeline but north of Mexico. It can also be found in Hawaii as an introduced species. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1355-GeneralDescription 1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males have pale grey-brown forewings and brown antennae. The vertex is deep red-brown and the thorax deep red-brown and pales laterally. Legs are dark straw-coloured with brown spurs. Clasper articles are not visibly demarcated and the ventral face of the basal article distal end is grooved (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1355-Habitat 1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small streams and large rivers. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1355-LifeCycle 1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Unknown. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1355-TrophicStrategy 1355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/25/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1356-ConservationStatus 1356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1356-Cyclicity 1356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults found from mid-May to mid-August. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1356-Distribution 1356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Vancouver Island and southern British Columbia, east to southern Ontario and south to the contiguous northwestern states." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1356-GeneralDescription 1356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males have golden brown forewings. Antennae are brown and the thorax is dark reddish brown and greyish brown laterally. Legs pale yellowish-brown with brownish-yellow spurs. The proximal article of the clasper is smoothly widened to a square-cut extremity. Distal article originates from the ventral angle of the proximal article extremity and the tip is curved dorsad (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1356-Habitat 1356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Eclectic flowing waters. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1356-LifeCycle 1356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Unknown. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1356-TrophicStrategy 1356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1357-ConservationStatus 1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1357-Cyclicity 1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early July to late August. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1357-Distribution 1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Ranges from Alberta east to Labrador and south to Oklahoma and South Carolina. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1357-GeneralDescription 1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male forewings are grey-brown. Antennae are yellowish-brown, vertex reddish brown and the thorax is deep reddish brown, yellowish brown laterally. Legs are straw-coloured with yellow spurs. The dorsum of segment ten on males has a distinct pair of dorsal lobes (Nimmo, 1987)." 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1357-Habitat 1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Running waters. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1357-LifeCycle 1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual (?) Unknown. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1357-TrophicStrategy 1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are omnivorous. 1/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1378-ConservationStatus 1378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common widespread species; no concerns. 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1378-Cyclicity 1378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are present in Alberta early June -early September, with the main flight in June and July." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1378-Distribution 1378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to Vancouver Island, north almost to the Northwest Territories and south to the Gulf of Mexico. They are found in wooded or shrubby places throughout Alberta, from the valleys of the arid southern Grasslands Region north across the Aspen Parklands and Boreal Forest to the Lake Athabasca and Zama City areas, and in the foothills and mountains." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1378-GeneralDescription 1378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.8-4.4 cm wingspan) moth, with two very different forms. The nominate form has violet grey-brown forewings with a black antemedian band and basal spot with dark purple-grey between the two. There is a small black patch at the anal angle, bordered on the inner edge with white and along the lower edge with cinnamon. A series of small black dots or wedges marks the outer margin at the veins. The hindwings are grey. Form expultrix lacks stong contrasting markings. It is grey-brown with lighter pink-brown in the basal area, around the orbicular-reniform area and at the anal angle. The reniform and orbicular are each indicated by a small brown spot. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1378-Habitat 1378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous forest and shrubland. 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1378-LifeCycle 1378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Tufted Thyatirid is nocturnal and comes to light. The larvae are solitary defoliators on deciduous trees and shrubs. Adults have an unusually extended flight period, and it is possible that there is at least a partial second brood." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1378-TrophicStrategy 1378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No specific Alberta data. In the Prairie Provinces they are reported to feed mainly on alder (Alnus) and birch (Betula) (Prentice, 1963 ). Elsewhere a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs have been recorded as larval hosts." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1379-ConservationStatus 1379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rarely collected species, but widespread and with secure habitat." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1379-Cyclicity 1379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only two Alberta adults for whom data are available were collected during the later half of June 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1379-Distribution 1379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to south central British Columbia and western Montana, south in the mountains to northern New Mexico. In the east, south to New Jersey, Ohio and Wisconsin. In Alberta it has been taken in coniferous forest along the southern edge of the Boreal forest region in central Alberta." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1379-GeneralDescription 1379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.2 cm. wingspan) dark grey-brown moth with lighter mottling in the basal and terminal areas. There is a prominent white v-shaped stigma with a round accessory spot or extension. The hindwings are brown, shading to a dark sooty-brown terminal band. Abstrusa is superficially almost identical to Syngrapha alias, but is usually slightly smaller and browner. The genitalia must be examined to make positive identification. In the male, the clasper of abstrusa is about 3x as long as the basal width, and extends to the dorsal margin of the valve (1x the basal width and extending no more than half way to the margin in alias). In females, the ductus bursae is long and thin, 5-6x as long as the width near the junction with the corpus bursae in abstrusa, but only 3-4x as long as wide in alias." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1379-Habitat 1379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry or well drained coniferous forest. 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1379-LifeCycle 1379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but have also been collected at dusk while nectaring at fireweed. There is a single brood each year. Abstrusa is usually on the wing earlier in the season than alias (June versus July-August), and tends to be found in drier habitats than alias." 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1379-TrophicStrategy 1379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere it has been reared from Englemann spruce (Picea englemanni), White spruce (Picea glauca) and Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)" 1/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1761-ConservationStatus 1761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species is relatively rare in Alberta, and is on the ANHIC tracking list." 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1761-Cyclicity 1761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity These beetles have been collected from May through July and September; also expected in August. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1761-Distribution 1761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this subspecies extends through central and northeastern United States to southeastern and south central Canada. These beetles are found only in the south-east corner of Alberta. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1761-GeneralDescription 1761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is the largest of the Alberta tiger beetles. The shape of the humeral lunule is distinctive. Adults have a bright blue metallic lustre on the ventral surface, with the pigmented areas of the elytra red to red-purple." 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1761-Habitat 1761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sandy blowouts and marginal areas of active sand dunes in areas of sparse vegetation. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1761-LifeCycle 1761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are known to overwinter. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1761-TrophicStrategy 1761 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1784-ConservationStatus 1784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This is the most common species of the genus found in Alberta. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1784-Cyclicity 1784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May through mid September. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1784-Distribution 1784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alaska in the north east to Quebec and south to Arizona and New Mexico. In Alberta specimens have been found in the boreal, foothills, and mountain conifer forests. No specimens have been collect to date in the Cypress Hills." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1784-GeneralDescription 1784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Maculated individuals are easily recognised. The dorsal surface is black usually with 4 or 6 orange spots (a few individuals may have 2 or no spots). Ventrally, all abdominal sternites have lateral orange spots. Immaculate individuals may be distinguished from the larger (usually) immaculate B. lyrata by the orange spots on all the sternites. Examination of the male genitalia is also diagnostic. Beetles range from 13 through 18.5 mm with a mean size of 15.4 mm (n=37). males tend to be slightly smaller than the females." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1784-Habitat 1784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests across Canada. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1784-LifeCycle 1784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Details of the life cycle have not been worked out. Males of B. nuttalli come to the oviposition sites looking for females. On several occasions, male B. nuttalli have be observed in copula with the females of the wrong species, most commonly those of B. langi. No hybrid offspring have been found to date." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1784-TrophicStrategy 1784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "These beetles are associated with many species of pines, fir, Douglas fir, and white spruce. In Alberta adults from lodgepole pine and white spruce." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1803-ConservationStatus 1803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is moderately common in Alberta. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1803-Cyclicity 1803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from June to September; also expected in May. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1803-Distribution 1803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over most of United States and Canada. This species is found in most of Alberta: athabascensis in the northeast; shelfordi in the southern third; and populations of uncertain status in the intervening area (not in the northwest). 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1803-GeneralDescription 1803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of this species are distinguished from others of the Maritima group by the strongly ""C"" shaped humeral lunule on the elytra. In other aspects they are similar to members of Cicindela repanda. Members of hitricollis from the intervening area are usually brown, but occasional blue or green individuals occur as well." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1803-Habitat 1803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Light colored beach sands with little or no vegetation and on sand bars in large rivers. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1803-LifeCycle 1803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species appears to have late summer adults, which hibernate, and then mate the following spring." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1803-TrophicStrategy 1803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1804-ConservationStatus 1804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1804-Cyclicity 1804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected from 11 May to 30 September. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1804-Distribution 1804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern and central Alberta north to Edmonton, east to Quebec and south to Colombia." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1804-GeneralDescription 1804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small reddish-orange and black click beetle (5-8 mm in length) with a variably sized black patch on the pronotum and a variable amount of black on the elytra. Tarsal claws have a basal seta, tarsal segments lack ventral lobes and the frontoclypeal carina is complete." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1804-Habitat 1804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grasslands and grassy areas in parklands. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1804-LifeCycle 1804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae live in soil and are a minor agricultural pest. Populations in the prairies appear to be parthenogenetic (only females are present).\n 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1805-ConservationStatus 1805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1805-Cyclicity 1805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected between 17 May and 19 July, with an isolated record from 1 October." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1805-Distribution 1805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Forested regions south to Lethbridge. In North America, transcontinental from Alaska to Newfoundland and south to California and Arizona in the west and Pennsylvania in the east." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1805-GeneralDescription 1805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Medium (9-12cm in length) sized black and red click beetle. The pronotum is black and the elytra are reddish orange with a somewhat heart-shaped black patch at the apex. The frontoclypeal carina is complete and the tarsi and tarsal claws are unmodified. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1805-Habitat 1805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreal forest, parkland groves." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1805-LifeCycle 1805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae live under bark of dead poplar logs. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1806-ConservationStatus 1806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common but localized in Alberta. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1806-Cyclicity 1806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected from 3 May - 22 August. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1806-Distribution 1806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "East of the foothills in Alberta, east to Nova Scotia and south to Florida and Missouri." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1806-GeneralDescription 1806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small black and yellow click beetle (6-8 cm in length) with up to four yellow spots on the elytra. The scutellum is heart-shaped, the pronotum lacks a complete lateral carina and the frontoclypeal carina is complete. Tarsal segments lack ventral lobes and tarsal claws lack setae." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1806-Habitat 1806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sandy areas in grasslands and boreal forest. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1806-LifeCycle 1806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae live in sand and are not considered agricultural pests. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1807-ConservationStatus 1807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1807-Cyclicity 1807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected from 17 April to 15 August. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1807-Distribution 1807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska south to Saskatchewan, New Mexico and California." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1807-GeneralDescription 1807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small to medium (8-16 mm in length) sized black or black and iridescent green-blue click beetle with few setae. The elytra are black or iridescent and the pronotum is black. The tarsal segments lack ventral lobes, tarsal claws lack setae, frontoclypeal carina is incomplete (appearing as carinae above the antennal socket), and the pronotum and elytra lack conspicuous setae. Smaller, non-iridescent specimens from the prairies have been named subspecies destructor (Brown); this is the Prairie Grain Wireworm, an agricultural pest. Some authors treat this subspecies as a species distinct from typical C. aeripennis. In some parts of Alberta, specimens intermediate between C. aeripennis and C. destructor occur, therefore more study of the status of C. destructor is required." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1807-Habitat 1807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassy areas throughout the province. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1807-LifeCycle 1807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae live in soil and are an important agricultural pest. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1419-ConservationStatus 1419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1419-Cyclicity 1419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in April to June. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1419-Distribution 1419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in north central United States and western Canada, east of the Rockies. In Alberta this species is found only in the south east." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1419-GeneralDescription 1419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species, in the subgenus Chrysostigma, is similar to calidum, but differs on the following: The entire body is shorter, with broader elytra, which are almost constantly more or less rufinistic. Prothorax narrower, more constricted towards the base, basal foveae smaller, side margin more narrowly and less distinctly reflexed. Elytral foveae usually more numerous, smaller, not or very little broader than their interval, adjoining striae not disturbed; transverse lines of the intervals less deep and regular, particularly near the suture; all striae as a rule deeper. Length 17 to 23 mm." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1419-Habitat 1419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A rather xerophilus species, confined to the open prairie." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1419-TrophicStrategy 1419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory, particularly in the larval stage, specializing upon caterpillars and pupae of Lepidoptera." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1420-ConservationStatus 1420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1420-Cyclicity 1420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in May to July. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1420-Distribution 1420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northwestern United States and southwestern Canada. In Alberta this species is known only from the south western regions. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1420-GeneralDescription 1420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species, in the subgenus Callisthenes, has completely reduced hind wings and quadrate metepisternum. Black, upper surface, especially the elytra, usually with bronze or greenish lustre, the elytral foveae more evidently so, whereas the interlying tubercles are black. Elytron with three catenate intervals. Elytral tubercles more regular, smoother, contrasting against the dull black blackground. Length 14 to 19 mm." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1420-Habitat 1420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species occurs in the open country but does not seem to be clearly xerophilus. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1420-LifeCycle 1420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species is a spring beetle. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1420-TrophicStrategy 1420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory, particularly in the larval stage, specializing upon caterpillars and pupae of Lepidoptera." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1421-ConservationStatus 1421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1421-Cyclicity 1421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in May to September. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1421-Distribution 1421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Alaska and northeastern United States and ranges across most of Canada. In Alberta this species is relatively common throughout, except the very dry south-east regions." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1421-GeneralDescription 1421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is in the subgenus Oreocarabus. A rather variable species, but common features are: Black, without any trace of metallic lustre, elytra often rufinistic. The raised margin of prothorax is better defined inwards than in nemoralis. The elytral sculpture is based on seven faint ridges on each interval between the rows of foveae but the ridges are irregular, often so obscure and confluent that the impression is of punctures arranged into winding rows. Length 12.4 to 16.5 mm." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1421-Habitat 1421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found primarily in open, dry country, particularly the tundra." 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1421-LifeCycle 1421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Presence of immature adults in August suggests this species overwinters in the adult stage. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1421-TrophicStrategy 1421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2065-ConservationStatus 2065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare; provincial rank S1S2 and status is ""Undetermined"" because of small number of records." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2065-Cyclicity 2065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults found in June (Bird et al., 1995)" 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2065-Distribution 2065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is widespread across northern Canada, Alaska and Siberia (Layberry et al. 1998). In Alberta, C. chippewa has been collected from High Boreal regions." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2065-GeneralDescription 2065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-sized butterfly with a wingspan of 36 to 41 mm and with pink wing margins. The dorsal wing surface of males is bright yellow and has a wide black border. In contrast, the ventral wing surface is green and dull. Females may be white and have a narrower wing border. This species can be distinguished from other sulphurs by the lack of a black spot on the forewing, the absence of submarginal spots on the ventral hindwing and the white, ventral hindwing spot without a border. C. chippewa is formerly known as C. palano (L.), the Palaeno Sulphur. In, Alberta Butterflies and The Butterflies of Canada, chippewa is treated as a subspecies of C. palaeno.\nEggs not described.\nGuppy & Shepard (2001) state that larvae are undescribed, but Opler (1999) reports that European larvae are green and have a yellow stripe on each side.\nPupae are not described." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2065-Habitat 2065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat There are limited records of C. chippewa in northern Alberta from bogs and low arctic tundra. 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2065-LifeCycle 2065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2065-TrophicStrategy 2065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta. Potential larval host plants of C. chippewa are Vaccinium uliginosum and V. caespitosum because they are used near Churchill, Manitoba (Oosting & Parshall 1978) and in Europe (Bird et al. 1995). Adults nectar feed on a variety of flowering plants (Oosting & Parshall 1978)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4823-TrophicStrategy 4823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1903-ConservationStatus 1903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Abundant. 2/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1903-Cyclicity 1903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected between 15 March and 3 October. 2/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1903-Distribution 1903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Everywhere in Alberta from prairies to alpine tundra. Transcontinental in North America from Alaska to Newfoundland and south to California in the west and Ohio in the east. Also Kamchatka in eastern Asia. 2/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1903-GeneralDescription 1903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small (4-6 mm in length), bicoloured reddish and brown-black click beetle with most of the pronotum black and the hind angles of the pronotum and all of the elytra reddish-brown. The frontoclypeal carina is complete, metacoxal plate is relatively abruptly expanded on the inner half and thetarsi and tarsal claws are unmodified." 2/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1903-Habitat 1903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassy areas throughout province. 2/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1903-LifeCycle 1903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae live in soil and are an important agricultural pest. Populations in some parts of the province are apparently parthenogenetic (only females are present). 2/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1547-ConservationStatus 1547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1547-Cyclicity 1547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected throughout July. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1547-Distribution 1547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in northwestern United States and western Canada, including the north. In Alberta this species has been collected only in the extreme south west corner." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1547-GeneralDescription 1547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small size (1.6 to 1.7 mm.) is the easiest character observed . Black or very dark piceous, antennae and legs slightly paler, rufescent. Antennae short, pubescent, except on basal segment. Entire upper surface with scattered setigerous punctures. Prothorax cordate. Elytra with deep sutural (and often faintlysuggested second and third) stria, otherwise with the sparse, setigerous punctures arranged in irregular longitudinal rows; apex truncate, exposing the last tergite. Length 1.6 to 1.7 mm." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1547-Habitat 1547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Confined to the gravel banks of small brooks with clear, cold water." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1547-LifeCycle 1547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae present in June. Overwinters in the adult stage. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1547-TrophicStrategy 1547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1559-ConservationStatus 1559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1559-Cyclicity 1559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have benn collected in May to August. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1559-Distribution 1559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northwestern United Staes and western Canada. In Alberta this species is known from west central regions. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1559-GeneralDescription 1559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is the only species of Scaphinotus found in Alberta. Black, fore-body sometimes faintly bluish or violaceous, elytra from bright coppery to black, margins always with bluish, greenish, violaeous or golden lustre. Prothorax with sigle lateral seta each side, near middle. Elytral sculpture rough, consisting of 14-16 deep, punctured striae, at times rather irregular. Length 11.5 to 19 mm." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1559-Habitat 1559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Rather eurytopic, though in southern regions mainly in the forests, near the margin of brooks." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1559-LifeCycle 1559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Nocturnal. Overwinters in the larval stage. Adults may live more than one year. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1559-TrophicStrategy 1559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Adults feed on snails. Larvae are probably predatory. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1599-ConservationStatus 1599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1599-Cyclicity 1599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in May, June and August." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1599-Distribution 1599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is recorded from Alaska and northwestern United States and western Canada. In Alberta this species has been collected in the western regions along the mountains. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1599-GeneralDescription 1599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Mandibles broadly explanate; palps very slender; neck constricted behind the eyes; prothorax without seta at hind angles. Piceous to yellowish brown, elytra often with traces of iridescent lustre, all appendages paler. Prothorax strongly constricted towards base, with sides parallel or slightly divergent just before hind angles. Elytral striae deep and strongly punctured, third stria with three to four setigerous punctures. Length 7.8 to 9.3 mm." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1599-Habitat 1599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On moderately moist, half-shaded ground, usually near running water." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1599-LifeCycle 1599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle No information on North American species. European species overwinter in the larval stage. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1599-TrophicStrategy 1599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1619-ConservationStatus 1619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rare and local species. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1619-Cyclicity 1619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected from May to July. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1619-Distribution 1619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is restricted to and found across Canada, except Saskatchewan. In Alberta this species has been collected only in the central regions and the north west corner of the province.." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1619-GeneralDescription 1619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The first elytral stria complete, reaching from base to apex. Larger than borealis, deep black throughout and very shiny; the entire body more heavily chitinized. Prothorax with sides less sinuate in basal half and more strongly reflexed, hind-angles produced as a small tooth. Elytral striae interrupted between the coarse punctures, dorsal foveae not conspicuous. Length 11.8 to 14.2 mm." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1619-Habitat 1619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Hygrophilus, close to water, on soils with vegetation." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1619-LifeCycle 1619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1619-TrophicStrategy 1619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1620-ConservationStatus 1620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1620-Cyclicity 1620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected only in June. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1620-Distribution 1620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in Alaska and ranges across northern Canada. In Alberta this species has been collected only in the central regions. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1620-GeneralDescription 1620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The first elytral stria complete, reaching from base to apex. Dark piceous to black, upper surface almost constantly with brassy (rarely bluish or greenish) lustre. Appendages are hardly paler; may be brown or reddish with dark knees in some Alaska specimens. Prothorax short, with sides strongly sinuate in basal half. Elytra with ten striae, the second abbreviated at apex, the ninth almost disappeared. Sixth interval, often catenate, with foveate setigerous punctures. Length 8.3 to 13 mm." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1620-Habitat 1620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Hygrophilus, close to water in sunny areas, on soft soils rich in organics; also above tree line." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1620-LifeCycle 1620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1620-TrophicStrategy 1620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1639-ConservationStatus 1639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1639-Cyclicity 1639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in May to October. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1639-Distribution 1639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This subspecies is found in northwestern United States and southwestern Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the western half along the mountains, and isolated(?) at Edmonton." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1639-GeneralDescription 1639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the gyllenhali group. Dark piceous to dark brown, margins of prothorax always paler. Prothorax with lateral seta, sides sinuate in basal half and hind angles right, or slightly obtuse, but sharp at tip; meta-coxae and sternites 3-5 unisetose; and wings full. Length 9.0 to 11.5 mm." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1639-Habitat 1639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Not strictly riparian; found in woods, margin of bogs, open meadows and near snow patches." 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1639-LifeCycle 1639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Probably overwinters in the adult stage. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1639-TrophicStrategy 1639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/8/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2342-Cyclicity 2342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Illinois, adults can be found from mid-June to late August." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2342-Distribution 2342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northeast from Minnesota, east to New Brunswick (Ross, 1944)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2342-GeneralDescription 2342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are various shades of brown without any conspicuous markings. Male tenth tergite is composed of a pair of fairly long arms. The arms are sclerotized and wide at the base narrowing to a curved apical beak (Ross, 1944)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2342-Habitat 2342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing and flowing waters. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2342-TrophicStrategy 2342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2344-Distribution 2344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Range from Manitoba westward, and south to Colorado (Wiggins, 1996)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2344-GeneralDescription 2344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The ventral lobe of the male clasper is massive and the ventral edge is deeply indented. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2344-Habitat 2344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Aquatic plant beds and root mats of riparian plants in standing and small streams (Wiggins, 1996)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2344-TrophicStrategy 2344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are phytophagous. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2345-Distribution 2345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Range from Manitoba westward, and south to Colorado (Wiggins, 1996)." 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2345-GeneralDescription 2345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The ventral lobe of the male clasper is large and has a small, clavate basal process. The dorsal lobe of the clasper is long, slender, acuminate and recurved." 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2345-Habitat 2345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Aquatic plant beds and root mats of riparian plants in standing and small streams (Wiggins, 1996)." 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2345-TrophicStrategy 2345 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are phytophagous. 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2347-Cyclicity 2347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Illinois, adults can be found from late May to late September." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2347-Distribution 2347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia east to Ontario and New Brunswick. South to Oklahoma, Arkansas and Washington." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2347-GeneralDescription 2347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The ventral lobe of the male clasper is bifurcate. The ventral process is long, thin, and directed posterad, and the dorsal lobe is globular, rugose and spiney." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2347-Habitat 2347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing and flowing waters. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2347-TrophicStrategy 2347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are phytophagous. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2350-ConservationStatus 2350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2350-Cyclicity 2350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from late May to early September, with a peak in July." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2350-Distribution 2350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "West from Nova Scotia to British Columbia, and south to Colorado and New York (Schmid, 1983)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2350-GeneralDescription 2350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are a brown-black with bright yellow pilosity. The base outline of the male clasper is square and smoothly tapered distal as long and rounded distally. The process is curved gently postero-dorsad (Schmid, 1983)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2350-Habitat 2350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lakes, sloughs, slower streams with sandy or muddy bottoms." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2350-TrophicStrategy 2350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Omnivores: diatoms, filamentous algae, vascular plant tissue and small invertebrates." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1659-ConservationStatus 1659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1659-Cyclicity 1659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in August. 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1659-Distribution 1659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This subspecies is found in northwestern United States and western Canada. In Alberta only a few specimens have been collected in the south west region. 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1659-GeneralDescription 1659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the gyllenhali group. Deep black without any trace of metallic reflection, appendages (except femora) often piceous, head without rufous spots. Prothorax broad, with strongly rounded and widely relexed sides, clearly sinuate before the sharp hind-angles, which are slightly acute to faintly obtuse; base with a short sinuation laterally. Also defined by the setigerous punctures on the second sternite and the combination of unisetose metacoxae and plurisetose sternites 3-5. Length 10.2 to 13.8 mm." 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1659-Habitat 1659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On barren, usually stony banks of running water; usually in mountainous or hilly districts." 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1659-LifeCycle 1659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwintering occurs in the larval stage, with most immature individuals found early in summer." 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1659-TrophicStrategy 1659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1679-ConservationStatus 1679 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1679-Cyclicity 1679 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults were collected in June to September. 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1679-Distribution 1679 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This subspecies is found in the western half of United States and Canada. In Alberta this subspecies is found throughout most of the southern half. 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1679-GeneralDescription 1679 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the obtusa group. Piceous to almost black, elytra usually more or less rufinistic, appendages paler. Characterized by the very obtuse hind-angles of prothorax, with sides not or barely sinuate basally. Length 10.3 to 12.0 mm." 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1679-Habitat 1679 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Strongly hygrophilous, occurring cl;ose to the waters edge on the banks of not too small rivers." 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1679-LifeCycle 1679 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwintering occurs in the larval stage, with most immature individuals found early in summer." 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1679-TrophicStrategy 1679 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 2/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1742-ConservationStatus 1742 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is widespread and very common in Alberta. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1742-Cyclicity 1742 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity These beetles have been collected in May through August; also expected in September. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1742-Distribution 1742 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range of this species extends over most of United States and Canada. The subspecies Cicindela t. kirbyi is found in most of Alberta. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1742-GeneralDescription 1742 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The long, obliquely-directed, descending arm of the humeral lunule is a distinquishing character. Adults of Cicindela tranquebarica kirbyi have the elytral markings broad with a brozy-green ground color. Adults of C. tranquebarica borealis can be recognized by a broken humeral lunule band or by the ends of the band narrowly joined in the middle." 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1742-Habitat 1742 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alkaline mud flats, sandy blowouts, prairie grasslands, boreal forest trails." 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1742-LifeCycle 1742 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults overwinter. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1742-TrophicStrategy 1742 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None available. 2/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1808-ConservationStatus 1808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Relatively common, but usually encountered as single specimens." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1808-Cyclicity 1808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected between 19 May and 28 August. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1808-Distribution 1808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Forested regions of Alberta including Cypress Hills. Elsewhere, from Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Pennsylvania and California, as two indistinct subspecies." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1808-GeneralDescription 1808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium sized (11-14 mm in length), iridescent click beetle with few setae. The entire body is iridescent in this species, but colour ranges from purple to blue to green." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1808-Habitat 1808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreomontane forest, prairie and parkland poplar groves." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1808-LifeCycle 1808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae live in leaf litter and rotting wood. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1809-ConservationStatus 1809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1809-Cyclicity 1809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected between 22 May and 26 July. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1809-Distribution 1809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern forested regions south to Banff; also Cypress Hills. In North America, from Alaska to Manitoba and Idaho." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1809-GeneralDescription 1809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium sized (11-16 mm in length) black click beetle with conspicuous setae. The third antennal segment is more similar to the fourth than the second, pronotum is densely and closely punctured, hind angles of the pronotum are carinate and the scutellum bears conspicuous curved setae." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1809-Habitat 1809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreomontane and foothills forests, parkland groves." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1809-LifeCycle 1809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larva is unknown. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1810-ConservationStatus 1810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1810-Cyclicity 1810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected from 18 May to 5 August. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1810-Distribution 1810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern forested regions south to Kananaskis. In North America, northern transcontinental south to New York and Washington states." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1810-GeneralDescription 1810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small to medium (7-9 cm in length) sized black click beetle trimmed with yellow-orange. The lateral margin and a basal spot on each elytron are yellow-orange, while the rest of the body is black. The prosternal mucro is short and abruptly curved upwards and the frontoclypeal carina is incomplete." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1810-Habitat 1810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist areas in boreomontane forests. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1810-LifeCycle 1810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae live in leaf litter. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1823-ConservationStatus 1823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is common and widespread. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1823-Cyclicity 1823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adultsare found in both spring and fall. In eastern Canada, adults fly from May-Oct. (Landry, 1987)." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1823-Distribution 1823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout Northwestern North America, and throughout Alberta." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1823-GeneralDescription 1823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small moths with dark grey forewings mottled with black. The costal triangle is well developed, and the third lobe of the hindwing has a distinct scale tooth. Male genitalia are unique in having a sclerotized cucullus, bristled uncus and saccus. It is readily identified by these wing and genitalic characters." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1823-Habitat 1823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Throughout Alberta, wherever the larval host plants occur." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1823-LifeCycle 1823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The larvae are both external feeders of foliage and internal borers of seedpods. The adults overwinter. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1823-TrophicStrategy 1823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to utilize snapdragons (Scrophulariaceae), Geraniums (Geraniaceae), Primulaceae, Labiatae and Caprifoliaceae (Lange, 1950). The adults can be found in early spring nectaring on pussy willow flowers (Salix sp.)" 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1843-ConservationStatus 1843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common species. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1843-Cyclicity 1843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in summer (June - August). 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1843-Distribution 1843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Found throughout Alberta. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1843-GeneralDescription 1843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small moth with yellowish forewings. The third hindwing lobe is unscaled. In the male genitalia, aedeagus is short, uncus is knobbed and the sacculus and saccus are simple. See also Platptilia carduidactyla (Riley) and P. percnodactyla (Wlsm.)." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1843-Habitat 1843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open meadows. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1843-LifeCycle 1843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1843-TrophicStrategy 1843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere yarrow (Achillea sp.) has been recorded as a larval host (Lange, 1950)." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1844-ConservationStatus 1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is rare and poorly studied. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1844-Cyclicity 1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from mid-July to August. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1844-Distribution 1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Known only from mountains of Alberta near Banff. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1844-GeneralDescription 1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small moth with pale to creamy white forewings. The costal triangle is dark brown and extends to the thorax. Two dots are present, one centrally and the other beneath the start of the costal triangle. It lacks scales on third hindwing lobe and the scale brush of the frons is as long as the palpi. Genitalia of the male, have a slender uncus without a knob. See also the similar species Platyptilia johnstoni and Platyptilia albicans." 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1844-Habitat 1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat High elevations in mountainous areas. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1844-LifeCycle 1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1844-TrophicStrategy 1844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 2/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1863-ConservationStatus 1863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon moth, but no obvious concerns." 2/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1863-Cyclicity 1863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-June through mid-July. 2/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1863-Distribution 1863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, it occurs sparingly across the wooded area north to the southern edge of the Boreal forest. From western Quebec, west to the Rocky mountains in Alberta and north western British Columbia. In Alberta, it has been collected from Calgary, north along the Red Deer River to the Redwater dunes in the southern boreal forest, just northeast of Edmonton. It has also been collected in the Peace River district of British Columbia, just west of the Alberta border. Widespread in the western USA." 2/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1863-GeneralDescription 1863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.0-4.0 cm wingspan) with grey forewings and white hindwings. Forewings are a clear even bluish-grey. Basal and antemedian lines are doubled and incomplete, and the postmedian line is a thin, dark complete line. There is a thick, black basal dash and a short thick dash in the anal angle. The area between the orbicular and reniform spots is also filled with black scales in an X or square shape, hence the name. Overall appearance is clean and rather elegant. Hindwings are shining white, with some darkening along the margin. The antennae are simple, and the sexes are similar, except the female is somewhat darker, especially on the hindwings. See also Acronicta radcliffei, A. grisea, A. interrupta and A. furcifera, all of which are either darker grey or with more extensive dark patterning." 2/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1863-Habitat 1863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry shrubby woodland clearings and edges and cherry shrublands. 2/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1863-LifeCycle 1863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to both lights and sugar bait. The larvae are solitary defoliators of deciduous shrubs. They overwinter as pupae. 2/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1863-TrophicStrategy 1863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere in Canada recorded larval hosts include Pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica), Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), plum (Prunus sp.), Saskatoon (Amelanchier sp.), Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and willow (Salix). The principal host appears to be species of wild cherries (Prunus)." 2/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2047-ConservationStatus 2047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Restricted range; rank S1 and status ""May Be At Risk""" 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2047-Cyclicity 2047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from June to early July. 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2047-Distribution 2047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Restricted distribution and rarely collected; found only in the Peace River region of Alberta and British Columbia (Sperling, 1987)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2047-GeneralDescription 2047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This large yellow and black butterfly has a wingspan of 65 to 80 mm. The hindwings each have a single tail and an orange-red eyespot. All three subspecies of Old World Swallowtail in the province have an oval to club-shaped eyespot on the hindwing that is connected to the wing margin or positioned below the red scales. P. m. hudsonianus and P. m pikei have yellow hair extending around the underside of the thorax and yellow scales at the base of the ventral forewing, whereas P. m. dodi predominately has black hair and scales in these areas. P. m. pikei can be distinguished from other subspecies of P. machaon by its geographic location, being restricted to the Peace River area (Bird et al., 1995). D. Macaulay image
\nEggs are spherical, white to yellow and have a pitted surface (Guppy & Shepard, 2001).
\nFifth instar larvae have segmental spots that are usually orange but may also be yellow and each segment has black and green bands (Sperling, 1987). The background colour of the mature larvae is flat blue-green to bright emerald green (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). \nPupae are mottled brown or green (Sperling, 1987)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2047-Habitat 2047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Can be found on dry river banks along the Peace River and in the Kleskun Hills badlands. 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2047-LifeCycle 2047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Males patrol for females at the top of high river banks and grassy hilltops. Females lay eggs singly on host plants found on or alng the base of eroding slopes. Larvae feed on leaves of the host plant and pupae always overwinter. Larvae have osmeteria (a fleshy protuberance, that is everted from behind the larval head of swallowtails) for defense and may be parasitized by ichneumonid wasps (Acorn, 1993; Sperling, 1986)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2047-TrophicStrategy 2047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "P. m. pikei larvae feed solely on Artemisia dracunculus (Sperling 1987). Adults nectar on flowers including alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2296-ConservationStatus 2296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon but widespread species, no concerns." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2296-Cyclicity 2296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta early August through early September. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2296-Distribution 2296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From at least Quebec, west to the Rocky Mountains. In Alberta, they have been collected in the boreal forest (Ft. McMurray area) southward, throughout the Aspen Parklands and the arid Grasslands region, as well as in the mountains." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2296-GeneralDescription 2296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-4.3 cm wingspan) brownish-pink hepialid moth. The forewings are crossed by a silver-white band that starts out as a basal streak, bends sharply down to the lower wing margin, and then angles up to the apex. Other markings are confined to a few, tiny white spots along the costa or lower margin in some specimens. The hindwings are crossed by one or two diffuse grey bands, or are suffused with light grey. Females are larger than males. The similar G. hyperborea is larger, and has a large white spot in the median area just below the costa. G. roseicaput is confined to the mountains, is darker red-brown, and has the band broken into a series of spots." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2296-Habitat 2296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Meadows, grasslands and woodland edges." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2296-LifeCycle 2296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are attracted to UV light. There is a single brood each year. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2296-TrophicStrategy 2296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Several related Palearctic members of the genus feed on the roots of grasses. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2297-ConservationStatus 2297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rarely observed species at the eastern edge of its range in Alberta; no concerns. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2297-Cyclicity 2297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta during the last half of August. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2297-Distribution 2297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western, montane species. It has been collected in Alberta at Banff and Cadomin." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2297-GeneralDescription 2297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.2 cm wingspan), dull red-brown hepialid moth with silvery white spots on the forewings. There are prominent spots at the wing base, in the median area below the costa, and a larger angular one in the median area. A series of prominent joined spots form a band across the outer part of the wing, from the lower margin to the wing-tip. The forewing veins are darker brown, and separate these spots. There is also a series of smaller, rounder spots along the outer margin, and scattered elsewhere on the forewing. Hindwings are unmarked. Similar Alberta species (Gazoryctra hyperborea and G. noviganna) are lighter pink-brown in color, and have an angular white stripe across the forewings." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2297-Habitat 2297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane meadows. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2297-LifeCycle 2297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are known to congregate fly and mate for a short period at dusk. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2085-ConservationStatus 2085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare; S1/S2 provincial rank and status in Alberta is ""Sensitive""." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2085-Cyclicity 2085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from June to September; peaking in July (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2085-Distribution 2085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Its core Canadian range lies in coastal and southern British Columbia and there is one outlying population in the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan (Layberry et al., 1998). Its range extends south from Canada to southern California and Baja California and east to western Montana and Idaho (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2085-GeneralDescription 2085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Although this is a large butterfly, it is slightly smaller than other admirals, with a wingspan of 51 to 67 mm. Dorsal wing surface is black with white median bands on all wings; the distinctive forewing tips are orange. Ventral wing surface is reddish-brown with white marginal bands. It is easily distinguished from Weidemeyer's Admiral (L. weidemeyerii) and the White Admiral (L. arthemis) as they lack the orange forewing tips. However, this species hybridizes with White Admirals (L. arthemis) in southern Alberta. Hybrids have the orange wing tips as well as a wider white band on the fore and hindwings.\nThe pale green eggs of L. lorquini are thimble-shaped and have deep pitted cells. There are fine glassy hairs where cells meet (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). \nEarly instar larvae have large dark brown heads and olive green bodies with a pair of tubercles on the thorax and two pairs of tubercles on the abdomen. Late instar larvae resemble leaf droppings, mottled with olive and yellow and have a white patch on their back. The hump on the larvae of this species is smaller than those found on larvae of other admiral species (Guppy & Shepard, 2001).\nPupae are large and have a keel projecting from the back of the thorax. The wings and the back of the abdomen are dark green-grey, the thorax is mottled (Guppy & Shepard, 2001)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2085-Habitat 2085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lorquin's Admiral is found in meadows or streambeds, near woodlands in extreme southwestern Alberta." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2085-LifeCycle 2085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Males perch in valley bottoms all day to watch for females and defend territories (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Eggs are laid on the upperside of host plant leaf tips (Bird et al., 1995). Larvae feed on leaves and developing larvae overwinter in rolled leaf shelters or hibernaculum (Acorn, 1993; Bird et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2085-TrophicStrategy 2085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta. Elsewhere, larvae feed on willows (Salix sp.), aspen (Populus sp.), apple, saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia), Cotoneaster sp., hardhack (Spiraea sp.), hawthorn (Crateagus sp.), and cherry (Prunus sp.)(Bird et al., 1995; Layberry et al., 1998; Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Adults have been reported to feed on flower nectar, willow sap, bird droppings, and dung (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2132-ConservationStatus 2132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Species habitat is threatened by hydroelectric dams, untreated organic waste, and other disturbances" 3/18/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2132-Cyclicity 2132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge from May to late June. 3/18/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2132-Distribution 2132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, this species is known from the Saskatchewan River system. In North America, it ranges from Quebec and Nova Scotia through New England, south to Georgia, and west to Oklahoma, Saskatchewan, and Alberta." 3/18/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2132-GeneralDescription 2132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The genus is characterized by the absence of an anal lobe on the hindwings. Males (length = 6.5 mm) have the ninth abdominal segment produced ventrad; this segment is rounded and hairy behind, with the penis lying beneath. Curved chitinous processes lie on each side of the penis, and are joined at their posterior end to form a blunt prong-like tip that may only be apparent in cleared mounts. The male epiproct is rounded. Females (length = 9.0 mm) have the subgenital plate produced over most of the ninth sternum. The subgenital plate is triangular and rounded at the tip. Nymphal hindwing pads are subparallel to the axis of the body and the inner wing pad margins are straight. Mature final-instar nymphs are approximately 7 mm long." 3/18/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2132-Habitat 2132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Larger, warmer rivers, and streams." 3/18/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2132-LifeCycle 2132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adult emergence occurs in spring, with the time of egg laying and hatching being relatively short. Nymphs can be found in fall (October), and grow rapidly during fall and early winter, but slowly from December to May. Growth resumes in May, but is not closely synchronized because nymphs in various stages of maturity occur in stream benthic samples and emergence is extended over a few weeks." 3/18/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2132-TrophicStrategy 2132 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Although Hitchcock (1974) stated that nymphs are herbivorous, Harper and Magnin (1969) contended that nymphs are at least partly carnivorous." 3/18/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2006-ConservationStatus 2006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare; provincial rank S1 and ""Status Undetermined"" because of few records." 3/1/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2006-Cyclicity 2006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in May and June (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2006-Distribution 2006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "It is found in patchy, isolated populations from British Columbia south to southern California and east to Wyoming and Colorado (Guppy & Shepard, 2001)." 3/1/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2006-GeneralDescription 2006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This small butterfly with a wingspan of 22-28 mm is difficult to detect by butterfly observers. Dorsal wing of the male is greyish brown with a tan patch on the inner margin of the hindwing. The dorsal wing of the female is light brown to tan with dark borders. The ventral side of the wing is coppery brown to purplish brown; the inner half of the hindwing is darker than the outer half. It can be distinguished from the similar Callophrys polios by the presence of red brown ventral hindwing, and lighter grey distal area that are separated from each other by a grey line.\nThe egg is pale pastel green and has a sculptured surface (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). \nMature larvae are greenish yellow, they are covered in short brown hair and may have white-edged dorsal stripes (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). \nPupae are pale yellow but become dark, chocolate brown with a pale dorsal line. It also has a double rows of small fuscous dots on each side, with white spiracles (Guppy & Shepard, 2001)." 3/1/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2006-Habitat 2006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, it has only been found on Windsor Mountain (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2006-LifeCycle 2006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Pupae overwinter on the ground, in or amongst the organic matter (Opler et al., 1995; Guppy & Shepard, 2001). In California, males perch on shrubs or at tops of cliffs to watch for females; in Colorado, they perch in gulches. Females lay eggs singly on the underside of host plant leaves (Opler et al., 1995) or at the base of the larval host plant (Guppy & Shepard, 2001). Larvae have a dorsal nectary organ that provides a sugary substance for ants, that in turn protect larvae from predators (Idaho Museum of Natural History 2000)." 3/1/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2006-TrophicStrategy 2006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta. Larvae feed on Sedum spathulifolium in coastal British Columbia. Guppy & Shepard (2001) speculate that they feed on S. lanceolatum in interior BC. In the United States they also feed on leaves, flowers, and fruits of Stonecrop species (Sedum sp., Sedella sp., Dudleya sp., and Parvisedum sp.) (Idaho Museum of Natural History 2000). Young larvae feed on leaves; older larvae feed on flowers and fruits. There are no reports for adult food sources." 3/1/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2007-ConservationStatus 2007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common and widespread; provincial rank S5 and ""Secure"" status." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2007-Cyclicity 2007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from April to July; peaking in May (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2007-Distribution 2007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout Alberta; however, populations in the grasslands are localised (Layberry et al., 1998). Its range extends from Alaska and Canada south, through most of the United States and in the mountains to Colombia, South America (Opler et al., 1995).\n\n" 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2007-GeneralDescription 2007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Celastrina ladon species complex contains many species and subspecies whose identity is currrently under research. It is a small blue, with a wingspan of 22-35 mm. Adults are sexually dimorphic (Opler et al. 1995): the dorsal wing surface of males is blue, whereas females have broad, dark brown outer forewing margin. Ventral hindwing is variable and may be grey-white with faded small black dots, darker grey with larger black spots, or have blotches and black margins in the centre. This species can be distinguished from other blues by the absence of orange and metallic markings, by the poor definition of black marks, and the presence of dark marginal markings on the ventral wings.\nAlthough Layberry et al (1998) treat lucia as a subspecies of ladon, the following sources provide evidence that these taxa are separate species: Pavulaan (1995), Kondla (1999), Nielsen (1999) and Oehlenschlager & Huber (2002).\n" 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2007-Habitat 2007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found throughout riparian areas, open woodlands and meadows in Alberta." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2007-LifeCycle 2007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are pale green (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001).\nThe larvae vary a great deal and can be green, yellow, pink, or brown, depending on their food source (Bird et al. 1995). The back of the larvae may be striped lengthwise with green or brown and spotted with white (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001). \nThe pupae are light yellow-brown and may have different dark markings (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Pupae overwinter (Opler et al.1995) and have a single generation in British Columbia (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Males patrol and perch all day but are most active from mid-afternoon until dusk (Opler et al. 1995). Adults often mud puddle (Acorn 1993, Opler et al. 1995). Eggs are laid singly on flower buds (Opler et al. 1995, Layberry et al. 1998). Larvae feed on flowers and fruits and are tended by ants (Acorn 1993, Idaho Museum of Natural History 2000, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2007-TrophicStrategy 2007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown in Alberta. Larvae in this species complex feed on a wide variety of plants in North America including cherry, blueberry, Viburnum spp., dogwood, New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americana), meadowsweet (Spiraea salicifolia), and Collinsia. Pratt et al. (1994) state that lucia only feeds on one plant species in a single locality and they list only a few host plant species for the western populations." 3/1/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1543-ConservationStatus 1543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1543-Cyclicity 1543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from mid July to early September,peaking from late July to early August." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1543-Distribution 1543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental in Canada, from coastal BC to Newfoundland, from southern YT and NT south to GA, MS and CA (McGuffin 1987, Wagner et al. 1997)." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1543-GeneralDescription 1543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of the most widespread and recognizable geometrid moths. The broad pinkish borders on a yellow ground colour make this mid-sized geometrid distinctive, although the intensity of the pink margins varies considerably. Females are slightly larger with coarser dark speckling in the wing margin" 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1543-Habitat 1543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Widespread in deciduous or mixedwood forests, woodlands and shrubby areas." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1543-LifeCycle 1543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The unique larva of this species, as the name suggests, has two tongue-like lobes along its back, unlike any other looper. In addition, the colouration and texture is bark-like, making it an excellent twig mimic (see Ives & Wong 1988 and Wagner et al. 2003). Pupation is in a loose cocoon among foliage. The pupa is very glossy, reflecting the colours of its surroundings. The nocturnal adults, emerging in late summer, resemble yellowing or wilted leaves. Eggs are laid on twigs and in old alder catkins, and overwinter (McGuffin 1987)." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1543-TrophicStrategy 1543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on deciduous shrubs and trees, such as alder, shrubby cinquefoil, currants, false azalea, blueberry, spiraea, willow and poplar (McGuffin 1987)." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1545-ConservationStatus 1545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common widespread moth; no concerns. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1545-Cyclicity 1545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid July through early August. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1545-Distribution 1545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across the boreal forest of Canada, from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island and the Yukon; south to New England and Wisconsin in the east and north central California and northern New Mexico in the west. In Alberta collected mainly in the foothills, but also in the Cypress Hills and less commonly in the boreal forest region. It has also been collected in the Red Deer River valley at Tolman Bridge." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1545-GeneralDescription 1545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size compact rusty-orange noctuid moth. Forewings reddish or rusty orange and hindwings pale yellow-orange. The forewings are crossed by paler antemedian and postmedian lines, and the median area between the two is mostly darker red-brown. The terminal area beyond the postmedian line is divided into a darker basal half and a lighter orange terminal half. The orbicular and reniform spots are large and prominent, lighter orange than the associated ground, and somewhat angular." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1545-Habitat 1545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane and boreal deciduous and mixedwood forest. 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1545-LifeCycle 1545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year, with adults flying in summer." 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 1545-TrophicStrategy 1545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Larvae have been reared to 3rd instar on Spiraea latifolia and a willow (Salix bebbiana). (McCabe, 1991 ""Atlas of Adirondack caterpillars. New York State Mus. Bull., 470: 1-114" 2/7/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2027-ConservationStatus 2027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Extremely rare in Alberta; provincial rank S1 and ""Status Undetermined"" because of few records." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2027-Cyclicity 2027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from June to mid July. 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2027-Distribution 2027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Recent records from central Alberta suggest that E. anthedon may be extending its range (Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre, 2002). Its Canadian range extends east from Central Alberta to Nova Scotia (Layberry et al., 1998; Opler et al., 1995). In the United States, it is found south from the Canadian border to central Alabama and Mississippi and from Nebraska eastward (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2027-GeneralDescription 2027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This medium sized butterfly has a wingspan of 45-67 mm and black antennal clubs. Dorsal wing surface is purplish brown and there are dark eyespots on both the fore and hindwings. Ventral wing is also purplish brown. The ventral forewing has a row of four black spots that are aligned with each other, the spots are surrounded by diffuse white and have white pupils. It can be distinguished from other satyrids in Alberta by its purplish brown colour, the presence of large eyespots, and the angled hindwing margin.\nThe short, barrel-shaped eggs are green (Bird et al., 1995).\nLarvae have green yellow heads with red-tipped horns. Their bodies are yellowish green with green and yellow stripes. They also have a cleft tail tipped with pink (Bird et al., 1995).\nPupae are green with cream-coloured heads (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2027-Habitat 2027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A shade-loving butterfly found in poplar woods near streams and lakes in East Central Alberta. 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2027-LifeCycle 2027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Northern Pearly-eye is univoltine and overwinter as larvae (Bird et al., 1995). Males perch on tree trunks or vegetation up to 10 feet above ground at edges of clearings to wait for females (Opler et al., 1995). Females lay eggs singly on the host plant (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2027-TrophicStrategy 2027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta. In the United States, larval host plants include: white grass (Leersia virginica), bearded shorthusk (Brachyelytrum erectum), False Melic Grass (Schizachne pupurascens), plumegrass (Erianthus), broadleaf uniola (Uniola latifolia), and bottlebrush (Hystrix patula) (Acorn 1993; Opler et al. 1995; Layberry et al. 1998; enature 2000). Adults feed on dung, fungi, carrion, mud, and sap from willows, poplars, and birch (Opler et al. 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2046-ConservationStatus 2046 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Very restricted range; provincial rank S1and status is ""Secure"" because habitat is protected." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2046-Cyclicity 2046 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from July to early August (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2046-Distribution 2046 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, this species can be found in Alberta and the adjacent Rocky Mountains of British Columbia (Layberry et al., 1998). However, in Alberta, it has been collected from only two sites in the Willmore Wilderness Area. In the United States, it is found in the high mountains of Colorado, western Wyoming, and northeastern Utah (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2046-GeneralDescription 2046 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This medium sized (wingspan of 45-51 mm) alpine is distinct from other alpines in Alberta, because the wing surfaces are dark brown to black and lack any white markings. Although most specimens are uniform in colour, some populations develop a rust coloured patch.\nThe eggs are ovoid with rounded ridges on the sides and rounded bumps on the top and bottom. They are cream coloured with the micropile centered at the apex. \nFirst instar larvae are cream to light green and have a few fine hairs; second instar larvae are green, with a brown head capsule; third to fifth instar larvae have dark brown head capsules, and the body is green with black markings. \nPupae are short and ovoid, they have olive green to brown-coloured heads and their abdomen is medium brown with green; the cremaster is blunt and rounded (Hilchie, 1990)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2046-Habitat 2046 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boulder fields near vegetation, at or above treeline (Hilchie, 1990)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2046-LifeCycle 2046 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae overwinter and it may take them more than a year to reach maturity (Bird et al., 1995). Pupation occurs on the ground (Bird et al., 1995). To find females, males patrol along ridges and over rockslides and actively pursue potential mates (Hilchie, 1990). Eggs are laid shortly after mating, near rockslides, on grasses and sedges, and on the side of rocks near rushes, where they are glued to the substrate (Hilchie, 1990)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2046-TrophicStrategy 2046 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta and elsewhere. Larvae have been reared on Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis), fescue (Festuca sp.), and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the lab (Hilchie, 1990). Larvae probably feed on grasses, sedges, and/or rushes (Hilchie, 1990). Adults feed on flower nectar (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2294-ConservationStatus 2294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status At the northern edge of the range in Alberta ; uncommon and of no concern. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2294-Cyclicity 2294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through July. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2294-Distribution 2294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in eastern North America, west to California and north and west to south central BC. In Alberta, they have been collected along the southern edge of the Boreal forest region (Lac la Biche; Edmonton area) and south to the valleys of the arid grasslands (Writing-on-stone). They are absent or rare in the Foothills and Mountain regions of the province." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2294-GeneralDescription 2294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Strongly sexually dimorphic. Males are smaller (wingspan about 5 cm) with narrow, somewhat pointed forewings that are grey with darker grey mottling. The hindwings are thinly scaled, with a black basal area, a thin black terminal line and a large bright yellow-orange splotch at the anal angle. Females are much larger (6-7.5 cm wingspan), dirty white with a mesh-like overlay of fine dark lines and wider dark lines that fill in some of the spaces, especially in the median area, and give it a blotchy appearance. The hindwings are similar, but the overlay is less distinct and lacks the wider lines and blotchy appearance. Both sexes have narrowly bipectinate antennae.\nMales may be mistaken for a small sphinx moth, but can be recognized by their bipectinate antennae. Females can be separated from the similar Acossus populi by the blotchy grey on the forewings, and from A. centerensis by the grey hindwings." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2294-Habitat 2294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature and mixedwood forest; hardwood ornamental and shelterbelt plantations. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2294-LifeCycle 2294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are borers, and live in galleries they create in the trunks and stems of hardwood trees, where they feed on the cambium area. On the prairies, the larvae take up to 3-4 years to complete development. They are 5-7.5 cm long at maturity, greenish white with brown heads and thoracic shields or pinkish with brown spots and reddish brown heads and shields. Pupation occurs in the tunnels during the spring of their final year. Their galleries can weaken trees, making them more vulnerable to wind damage and drought. They can be a pest in shelterbelt and ornamental plantings on the prairies, but they are not abundant enough to be of much concern in Alberta. Adults are usually collected at light." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2294-TrophicStrategy 2294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. In the prairies, principle hosts include: shelterbelt and other plantings of poplars (Populus), Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Trembling aspen (P. tremuloides), Black cottonwood (P. trichocarpa), Eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides) and willow (Salix sp.) have been recorded as hosts elsewhere in Canada, and a wide variety of hardwoods, including maple, oaks and elm have been recorded as hosts where they occur." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2295-ConservationStatus 2295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon and local species, but of no obvious concerns." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2295-Cyclicity 2295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid August through early September. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2295-Distribution 2295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern boreal, from New England and Quebec west to the Foothills of Alberta. In Alberta they have been collected from the southern edge of the Boreal forest (Edmonton, Gainford, Edson) north to near Lake Athabasca and south along the lower edge of the Foothills. Its presence in the mountains (Bowman, 1951) needs confirming." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2295-GeneralDescription 2295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.8-4.5 cm wingspan) with pink-brown wings. The forewings are crossed by a prominent silver-white band that runs from the base just below the costa about 1/3 of the way to the tip, then turns sharply downward to the outer end of the lower margin, and then angles sharply upward to the tip. There are two large irregular silver-white spots on the outer half of the costa, and another on the lower margin near the base. A series or 3 or 4 small white spots are located along the outer margin. The hindwings are pink-brown, suffused with grey over much of the median area. The antennae are reduced and hair-like. The similar G. noviganna is smaller and has a simpler pattern, confined to the white band but without the large accessory spots. G. roseicaput is found only in the mountains, is darker and has the band broken up into series of spots." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2295-Habitat 2295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic meadows, grassy woodland edges and clearings." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2295-LifeCycle 2295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle There is a single brood each year. Adults are occasionally collected at light. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2295-TrophicStrategy 2295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. The closely related Palearctic species G. lupulinus L. feed on the roots of grass. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2337-Cyclicity 2337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Illinois, adults can be found from June to early September." 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2337-Distribution 2337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution British Columbia south to New Mexico and from Alaska east to Nova Scotia. 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2337-GeneralDescription 2337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are straw yellow to light brown. Forewings have numerous dark spots in the membrane. Male claspers are large, vertical and pinched at half length, with the distal half roughly semi-circular (Ross, 1944).\n" 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2337-Habitat 2337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing and flowing waters. 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2337-TrophicStrategy 2337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are predacious (Wiggins, 1996)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2338-Cyclicity 2338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Illinois, adults can be found from late May to early July." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2338-Distribution 2338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution From Saskatchewan south to Illinois and east to New York and Nova Scotia. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2338-GeneralDescription 2338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are of various shades of brown with no conspicuous markings. The male clasper is moderate and directed dorsad. There is no papillae dorsad of the cercus (Ross, 1944)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2338-Habitat 2338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing and flowing waters. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2338-TrophicStrategy 2338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2339-Cyclicity 2339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Illinois, adults can be found from early May to late September." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2339-Distribution 2339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Saskatchewan, south to Texas and Georgia, east to Quebec and Nova Scotia" 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2339-GeneralDescription 2339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are medium shades of brown and there are several dark spots on the wing membrane situated near the vein forks. Male claspers are large and directed posterad. There are no papillae dorsad of the cercus (Ross, 1944).\n" 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2339-Habitat 2339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing and flowing waters. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2339-TrophicStrategy 2339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2340-Cyclicity 2340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Illinois, adults can be found from early May to mid-October." 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2340-Distribution 2340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread (LaFontaine, 1981). From British Columbia, east to Nova Scotia and south to Mexico." 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2340-GeneralDescription 2340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are brown with a reddish cast, however there are no distant markings otherwise. The claspers of males are small and directed posterad, with a sinuate ventral edge. There are minute papillae present dorsad of the cercus (Ross, 1944)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2340-Habitat 2340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing and flowing waters. 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2340-TrophicStrategy 2340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/4/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2341-Cyclicity 2341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mainly a midsummer caddisfly (LaFontaine, 1981)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2341-Distribution 2341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Holarctic. East from Alaska to Manitoba and south to South Dakota and Wyoming. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2341-GeneralDescription 2341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male claspers are small and directed postero-dorsad and there are papillae present dorsad of the cercus (Ross, 1944)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2341-Habitat 2341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing and flowing waters. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2341-TrophicStrategy 2341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2394-ConservationStatus 2394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2394-Cyclicity 2394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from late May to late September. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2394-Distribution 2394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic, from Alaska east to Nova Scotia and south to New Hampshire, Illinois and Montana (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2394-GeneralDescription 2394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are a dull brownish grey. Male distal hindwing is tinted brownish grey. Female forewings are golden brown with the distal hindwing tinted golden brown also. Process of segment 10 in males is visible. The process is long, sinuate, slender and acuminate. Clasper is linear and slender with a larger base (Nimmo,1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2394-Habitat 2394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small creeks to large rivers in the subalpine to boreal plains, including rapids and lake outflows." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2394-LifeCycle 2394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Filter feeding restrict these larvae to running waters, but in slow currents. On rooted aquatic vegetation, the larvae will utilise the entire water column, by constructing nets vertically on the plants. Bivoltine lifecycle, where the larvae do not construct filter nets in the winter months but remain in silk retreats among vegetation." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2394-TrophicStrategy 2394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious filter feeders. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2395-ConservationStatus 2395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2395-Cyclicity 2395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early June to mid-September. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2395-Distribution 2395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, from Alberta east to Newfoundland, south to Texas, Florida and Montana (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2395-GeneralDescription 2395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults antennae are dull brown and the vertex of the head is a deep dull brown. Male fore and hindwings are a dull golden brown. The process on the segement 10 of males is minute, almost invisible at the base of the cercus. The clasper is large, tapered to tip and hooked dorsad (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2395-Habitat 2395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small, sluggish to large turbulent flowing waters." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2395-LifeCycle 2395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Twilight or crespuscular creatures, emerging and laying eggs in the last half hour after sunset (LaFontaine, 1981). Bivoltine ?" 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2395-TrophicStrategy 2395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious filter feeders. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2397-ConservationStatus 2397 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not yet recorded in Alberta. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2397-Cyclicity 2397 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early June to late August. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2397-Distribution 2397 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, Newfoundland west to British Columbia, with no recordings in Alberta. It is expected in the boreal streams in the northern part of the province (Nimmo, 1987)." 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2397-GeneralDescription 2397 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult male forewings are dull golden brown with no evident patterns. Hindwings are tinted pale golden brown and the antennae are pale yellow-brown. In males, the process of segment 10 is prominent and tapering to a rounded tip, curving slightly ventrad (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2397-Habitat 2397 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small to large streams, including lakes." 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2397-LifeCycle 2397 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Bivoltine ? 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2397-TrophicStrategy 2397 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2398-ConservationStatus 2398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2398-Cyclicity 2398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early June to late August. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2398-Distribution 2398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental, in the United States, south to Texas and Oregon. In Canada, from Cape Breton Island, west to Vancouver Island except Manitoba (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2398-GeneralDescription 2398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult male forwings are a uniform translucent brownish grey with slightly tinted hindwings. The vertex of the head is pale brown and the antennae are pale grey-brown. In males, the process on segment 10 is small, narrow and directed ventrad (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2398-Habitat 2398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Flowing waters. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2398-LifeCycle 2398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Bivoltine ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2398-TrophicStrategy 2398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2353-Cyclicity 2353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults can be found from June to September (Schmid, 1982)." 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2353-Distribution 2353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northeastern British Columbia, east to Quebec and New Brunswick, south to Florida. Not yet recorded in Alberta, but is expected in the northern part of the province." 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2353-GeneralDescription 2353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are black with dark yellow legs. The male clasper is set high on segment 9's posterior edge. Dorsal process is directed dorsad, slightly widening distad and cut square (Ross, 1944)." 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2353-Habitat 2353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Rapid running waters. 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2353-LifeCycle 2353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2353-TrophicStrategy 2353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are filterers, feeding on detritus and algae." 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2355-ConservationStatus 2355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not known from Alberta yet. 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2355-Cyclicity 2355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found in late May. 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2355-Distribution 2355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From southeastern British Columbia, south to Colorado and California." 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2355-GeneralDescription 2355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are dark reddish-brown. Vertex and frons, deep chocolate-brown with slightly paler warts. Spur formula 2, 4, 4. The cercus/segment 10 process of the male genitalia is short and directed postero-ventrad (Nimmo, 1974)." 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2355-Habitat 2355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Smaller, usually turbulent mountain streams." 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2355-LifeCycle 2355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2355-TrophicStrategy 2355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are detritivores; feeding diatoms and vascular plant tissues. 11/5/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2356-ConservationStatus 2356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not known from Alberta yet. 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2356-Cyclicity 2356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found in late May. 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2356-Distribution 2356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southeastern British Columbia, south to Utah and California." 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2356-GeneralDescription 2356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are two-thirds the body length. Head is generally dark chocolate-brown with slightly paler warts. The male cercus/segment 10 process is directionally divergent (Nimmo, 1974)." 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2356-Habitat 2356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Swift, turbulent mountain creeks." 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2356-LifeCycle 2356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2356-TrophicStrategy 2356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are detritivores; feeding diatoms and vascular plant tissues. 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2357-ConservationStatus 2357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2357-Cyclicity 2357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Elsewhere, adults can be found from late May to September (Schmid, 1982)." 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2357-Distribution 2357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Records from southern British Columbia and western Alberta, south to Montana, Idaho and Oregon, as well as far north as Alaska (Schmid, 1982)." 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2357-GeneralDescription 2357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are red with golden pilosity. The clasper of the male is very long, robust, gently tapered throughout with a smoothly rounded tip (Schmid, 1982)." 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2357-Habitat 2357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small streams. 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2357-LifeCycle 2357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2357-TrophicStrategy 2357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are detritivores; feeding diatoms and vascular plant tissues. 11/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2359-ConservationStatus 2359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 11/5/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2359-Cyclicity 2359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid July to early October. 11/5/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2359-Distribution 2359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extends from Alberta, south to California, Utah and Nevada. In Alberta, it is recorded from the lower mountain valleys and the Great Plains." 11/5/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2359-GeneralDescription 2359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult heads are generally a deep orange-brown and the warts are covered with dense silky hairs. Antennae is two-thirds the body length and the spurs are hairy, overall a hairy insect. Male cercus/segment 10 is co-linear and directed postero-dorsad (Nimmo, 1974)." 11/5/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2359-Habitat 2359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small quiet streams to fast smooth rivers. 11/5/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2359-LifeCycle 2359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/5/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2359-TrophicStrategy 2359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are detritivores ? 11/5/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2360-ConservationStatus 2360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Widespread, but local and rarely encountered; dune populations need monitoring." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2360-Cyclicity 2360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, from late May through late July, with later dates at higher elevations and latitudes." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2360-Distribution 2360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska, Yukon, western Northwest Territories south through BC and Alberta to Colorado. In Alberta found in the foothills and mountains, and north of Lake Athabasca." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2360-GeneralDescription 2360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.3-2.6 cm wingspan) day-flying moth with black forewings and yellow hindwings. Head, thorax and abdomen black with a few grey scales. The forewings are grey and black. Basal and subterminal areas are grey, with an overlay of scattered black scales, darker in the basal area. The median area is black with a few grey scales. Reniform spot is large, incompletely outlined with white scales and mostly filled with grey. The fringe is black with a few white scales at the veins. Hindwings are yellow with a broad black terminal band. The hindwing fringe is white, lightly checkered with dark scales at the veins, mainly on the upper half. Sexes are alike, with filiform antennae in both. The closely related C. luteola has much less grey filling in the white reniform spot and lacks the checkering on the hindwing fringe. There are also genitalic differences. See also Lasionycta leucocycla and L. secedens.\n\nUntil recently placed in the genus Anarta." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2360-Habitat 2360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry montane meadows and slopes, including alpine areas; old dunefields." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2360-LifeCycle 2360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal, and may be found nectaring at flowers in bright sunshine. There is a single brood each year. They have a fast, buzzing flight and resemble bees more than moths. The immature stages are unknown." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2360-TrophicStrategy 2360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No data. Related species utilize bearberry (Arctostaphylos) and other Ericaceae as larval hostplants, and bearberry is the suspected host for macrostigma in Alberta. Adults have been collected while nectaring at bearberry blossoms (pers. obs., G. Anweiler)" 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2230-ConservationStatus 2230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2230-Cyclicity 2230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The two specimens were collected in June. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2230-Distribution 2230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in the western coastland and adjacent mountains of United States and Canada. In Alberta the two specimens were taken northwest of Hinton. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2230-GeneralDescription 2230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the metallica group, characterized by: presence of a group of setae laterally at base of sternites 3-5, in addition to the 2 or more apical setae; elytra usually metallic, uneven intervals catenate, as a rule. Black, upper surface, notably elytra, with strong purplish or violaceous (in certain reflections greenish) lustre. Length 10.5 to 14.0 mm." 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2230-Habitat 2230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In the south found in the vicinity of running water; in Alaska found in the open country. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2230-LifeCycle 2230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinters both in adult and larval stage. Fully mature beetles in May, and teneral adults in July to the end of August (Alaska)." 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2230-TrophicStrategy 2230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2248-ConservationStatus 2248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2248-Cyclicity 2248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from May to October. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2248-Distribution 2248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in western United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found throughout most of the province. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2248-GeneralDescription 2248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to the genus Elaphrus, but with elytra larger in relation to forebody. Elytra each with four rows of flat, ocellate, almost circular depressions, separated by more or less pronounced, elevated, more shiny fields. Upper surface dull, usually with pronounced greenish or coppery lustre, mouthparts and legs more or less green. Length 8.5 to 11.0 mm." 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2248-Habitat 2248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Confined to the banks of rivers and big brooks, with clay soil, often mixed with sand and gravel." 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2248-LifeCycle 2248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae develop during the summer and adults overwinter. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2248-TrophicStrategy 2248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults and larvae are predatory. 6/19/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2249-ConservationStatus 2249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2249-Cyclicity 2249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults of this species were collected in June, July and October." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2249-Distribution 2249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in northeastern United States and across most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the central regions, and in the extreme northeast corner of the province." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2249-GeneralDescription 2249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elytron with a single preapical puncture; tibiae black or very dark piceous; apex of elytra with strong, isodiametric microsculpture. Colored similarly to N. aquaticus, (black with more or less pronounced metallic, brassy, lustre, segments 1-4 of antennae more or less pale, at least beneath, and tibiae entirely black), as a rule more vividly bronze. Length 4.7 to 5.7 mm." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2249-Habitat 2249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Rather xerophilous, in open country with thin vegetation (moss, etc.)." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2249-LifeCycle 2249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle None available. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2249-TrophicStrategy 2249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults are larvae are predatory. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2250-ConservationStatus 2250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2250-Cyclicity 2250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in June and August to October. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2250-Distribution 2250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in western United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the Rocky Mountains and the Cypress Hill in the southeast. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2250-GeneralDescription 2250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elytron with two preapical punctures; first elytral interval shiny; intervals microreticulate in basal half (at least in outer intervals); frons with 6 carinae. Black or dark piceous, with bronzy or brassy lustre, elytra as a rule onscurely rufous towards apex, segments 1-4 of antennae pale, tibiae reddish, femora usually piceous or in part red. Length 4.8 to 5.7 mm." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2250-Habitat 2250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry sand-mixed moraine, in spots with tiny mosses, otherwise bare, near brooks." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2250-LifeCycle 2250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Immature beetles observed end of July to begining of August; overwinters in adult stage. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2250-TrophicStrategy 2250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults are larvae are predatory. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2251-ConservationStatus 2251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2251-Cyclicity 2251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from May to October. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2251-Distribution 2251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species ranges through most of the norther United States and most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the central regions, and Cypress Hills in the southeast." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2251-GeneralDescription 2251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elytron with a single preapical puncture; tibiae black or very dark piceous; apex of elytra with little pronounced, more or less irregular microsculpture. Black with more or less pronounced metallic, brassy, lustre, segments 1-4 of antennae more or less pale, at least beneath, and tibiae entirely black. Length 4.5 to 6.0 mm." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2251-Habitat 2251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs in open country, often on moraine; also found above tree line and on the tundra." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2251-LifeCycle 2251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwintering occurs in larval and adult stage. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2251-TrophicStrategy 2251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults are larvae are predatory. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2252-ConservationStatus 2252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2252-Cyclicity 2252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The few records are from August and September. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2252-Distribution 2252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in western United States and Canada. In Alberta the three specimens were collected near Jasper. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2252-GeneralDescription 2252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elytron with two preapical punctures; first elytral interval shiny; intervals smooth and shiny in basal half. Black, usually with faint broze lustre, 4 basal segments of antennae pale, at least beneath. Length 4.2 to 5.0 mm." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2252-Habitat 2252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In mountains, usually near tree line, on open or slightly shaded ground; on sandy soil with moss." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2252-LifeCycle 2252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle None available. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2252-TrophicStrategy 2252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults are larvae are predatory. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2253-ConservationStatus 2253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2253-Cyclicity 2253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in June and August. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2253-Distribution 2253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is wide raging in both United States and Canada. In Alberta this species has been found centrally, and in the southeast and northeast corners of the province." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2253-GeneralDescription 2253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elytron with a single preapical puncture; tibiae pale, reddish (except apex). Black with pronounced brassy (rarely bluish) lustre, 4 basal segments of antennae (at least beneath) and the tibiae (except apex) pale reddish. Length 4.7 to 5.4 mm." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2253-Habitat 2253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On gravelly, rather dry ground, often moraine, with thin, low vegetation." 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2253-LifeCycle 2253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle None available. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2253-TrophicStrategy 2253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults are larvae are predatory. 6/20/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2147-ConservationStatus 2147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon to locally common and widespread; no concerns. 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2147-Cyclicity 2147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from May through early July. 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2147-Distribution 2147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada, from Quebec to coastal British Columbia, north to Yukon and south to New Jersey and California. In Alberta found mainly in the southern Boreal forest and foothills areas, but also present in the aspen parklands." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2147-GeneralDescription 2147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5-3.0 cm wingspan) dark grey-brown moth, darker and less contrastingly marked than the other Clostera species. It is most easily confused with small, dark specimens of C. apicalis. C. apicalis hase rusty-red or dark orange along the upper section of the postmedian line on the forewing; this is greatly reduced or absent in brucei. Clostera strigosa is larger with pale yellow mottling in the apical area, and C. albosigma has the dark terminal part of the forewing sharply divided from the remainder of the wing. Male antennae bipectinate; sexes similar." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2147-Habitat 2147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature deciduous and mixedwood forest. 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2147-LifeCycle 2147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are reported to be both solitary and gregarious leaf-folding defoliators. There is a single brood each year. 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2147-TrophicStrategy 2147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No specific Alberta data; elsewhere in Canada (including Alberta) Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), willow (Salix sp.) and Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2149-ConservationStatus 2149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The colony at Dinosaur Provincial Park is the only known Canadian population. 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2149-Cyclicity 2149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, adults have been collected during the later half of August." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2149-Distribution 2149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily a Great Basin species. Radiola occurs from north central Washington, south to western California, southern Nevada, northern Arizona and New Mexico, east to central Colorado, western Nebraska and western North Dakota. In Alberta (and Canada), found only in the Red Deer River badlands at Dinosaur Provincial Park." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2149-GeneralDescription 2149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.5 cm wingspan) with grey-brown forewings and shining white hindwings. The pattern on the forewings is longitudinal. Background is yellow-brown or grey brown. There is a prominent black basal streak, and much of the cell is also black-filled. Veins are marked with a thin line of black scales, bordered on both sides by pale scales. The normal cross lines are reduced to a series of black spots or small blotches marking the upper half of the postmedian line, and a series of small black crescents or triangles between the veins at the terminal line. The fringe is dark brown with a few cream-colored scales mixed in. Hindwings are shining white, with a few dark scales marking the veins, particularly on the outer third, and with a series of small black dashes between the veins marking the terminal line. A faint median band is also indicated, particularly in females, by a few dark scales adjacent to the veins. The inner half of the fringe is cream and pale grey, the outer half white. The antennae are simple. Sexes are essentially alike." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2149-Habitat 2149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands and badlands. 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2149-LifeCycle 2149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each season, which flies in late summer to early fall. The larvae are unknown." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2149-TrophicStrategy 2149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2150-ConservationStatus 2150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2150-Cyclicity 2150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid August through the first week of September. 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2150-Distribution 2150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, east to eastern North Dakota, south to southern New Mexico and west to western Wyoming and Montana. In Alberta dodi has been collected in the grasslands region north to Dinosaur Provincial Park and west to the foothills at Calgary and Lethbridge." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2150-GeneralDescription 2150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.2 cm wingspan) brown moth. Head and thorax brown. Forewings brown or grey-brown with dark markings. The basal, antemedian, postmedian and subterminal lines are prominent and, except for the last, doubled and filled with lighter brown scales. Basal and subterminal areas of the wing lighter than the rest, terminal area darker. The reniform, orbicular and in particular the claviform spot are prominent and outlined in black. The hindwings are light smoky brown, darker towards the margin. The brown color, busy pattern and prominent black outlined claviform will usually identify dodi. Most similar to the closely related E. infracta, which is darker, less patterned and has coppery scaling; there are also genitalic differences. E. dodi belongs to the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. Keys to the group, subgenera and species are provided in Lafontaine 1987." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2150-Habitat 2150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid shortgrass sagebrush grasslands; foothills grasslands in open pine forest. 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2150-LifeCycle 2150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, with adults flying in late summer. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The early stages are unknown, as are the host plants." 3/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2208-ConservationStatus 2208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare in Alberta. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2208-Cyclicity 2208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single specimen was collected in June. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2208-Distribution 2208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in the western coastland and adjacent mountains of United States and Canada. In Alberta the single specimen was taken northwest of Hinton. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2208-GeneralDescription 2208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the gregaria group, characterized by: prothorax without marginal setae, sides with well defined reflexion, hind angles right or acute; meta-coxae and sternites 3-5 plurisetose. Piceous to almost black, elytra as a rule with greenish or violaceous lustre, legs entirely rufous or with darker femora. Characterized by the very obtuse hind-angles of prothorax, with sides not or barely sinuate basally. Length 8.5 to 11.5 mm." 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2208-Habitat 2208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Margins of clear, swiftly running waters, often small brooks, with coarse gravel and stones." 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2208-LifeCycle 2208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwintering occurs in the larval stage, with numerous immature beetle seen from the end of May to mid-July." 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2208-TrophicStrategy 2208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2228-ConservationStatus 2228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2228-Cyclicity 2228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in July and August. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2228-Distribution 2228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This subspecies is found in the northwestern United States and western Canada. In Alberta this subspecies is found in the Rocky Mountains. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2228-GeneralDescription 2228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the gregaria group, characterized by: prothorax without marginal setae, sides with well defined reflexion, hind angles right or acute; meta-coxae and sternites 3-5 plurisetose. Black or dark piceous, elytra with more or less pronounced violaceous lustre (sometimes rufinistic), appendages sometimes paler, brownish, but the femora always dark. Length 8.5 to 10.8 mm." 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2228-Habitat 2228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Confined to stony-gravelly margins of fast-running waters, usually rather small brooks." 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2228-LifeCycle 2228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwintering occurs in the larval stage, with numerous immature beetle seen late in July and early August." 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2228-TrophicStrategy 2228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2229-ConservationStatus 2229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2229-Cyclicity 2229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in June to August. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2229-Distribution 2229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This subspecies is found in the northwestern United States and western Canada. In Alberta this subspecies is found in the Rocky Mountains and foothills. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2229-GeneralDescription 2229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the metallica group, characterized by: presence of a group of setae laterally at base of sternites 3-5, in addition to the 2 or more apical setae; elytra usually metallic, uneven intervals catenate, as a rule. Black, upper surface, especially the elytra, with violaceous, brassy or greenish lustre. Length 9.5 to 12.0 mm." 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2229-Habitat 2229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Close to water along mountain streams, often quite small brooks, with stony, barren banks." 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2229-LifeCycle 2229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwintering occurs in the larval stage, with numerous immature beetle seen in early August." 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2229-TrophicStrategy 2229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 6/18/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2025-ConservationStatus 2025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon in Alberta; provincial rank S4 and ""Secure"" status." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2025-Cyclicity 2025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from June to August, peaking in July." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2025-Distribution 2025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, it is found in southern British Columbia and the Alberta Rockies, with a disjunct population in the Cypress Hills of Alberta/Saskatchewan (Layberry et al., 1998). Its range extends south to Baja California, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2025-GeneralDescription 2025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The colour pattern is variable in this species. The upperside is black with orange and pale yellow or white bands. The submarginal band consists of small yellow or white spots and the postmedian band is wide and orange. Ventral hindwing has alternating bands of yellow-orange and cream. It is smaller (wingspan 32-51 mm), darker on the ventral surface, and has more rounded forewing tips than the similar species: Anicia Checkerspot (E. anicia).\nSubspecies beani, named after Thomas Bean of Lake Louise, occurs in the mountains. The Cypress Hills population is of uncertain taxonomic affinity, but has been referred to as E. editha near subspecies hutchinsi (Bird et al 1995). \nThe eggs are yellow (Guppy & Shepard, 2001).\nMature larvae are black and white with orange lateral lines at the base of bristles (Layberry et al., 1998; Guppy & Shepard, 2001).\nThe pupae are not described." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2025-Habitat 2025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In AB, this species is found along rocky alpine ridges; also montane meadows of the Cypress Hills." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2025-LifeCycle 2025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Edith's Checkerspot is univoltine and overwinters as larvae (Bird et al., 1995; Opler et al., 1995). Larvae eat leaves and flowers and live in loose silk webs; sometimes using different host plants before and after overwintering. Males perch or patrol all day to find females. However, adults tend to be poor dispersers (Britten et al., 1995). Eggs are laid in groups on underside of leaves or on flowers of the host plant (Opler et al. 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2025-TrophicStrategy 2025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta. In the Pacific Northwest, larvae have been observed feeding on various species of plants in the Scrophulariaceae including paintbrush (Castilleja spp.), beardtongues (Penstemon spp.), lousewort (Pedicularis spp.), owl's clover (Orthocarpus spp.), Chinese Houses (Collinsia spp.), and plantain (Plantago spp.) (Bird et al., 1995; Opler et al., 1995; Layberry et al., 1998; Shepard, 2000). Adults nectar on flowers (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2026-ConservationStatus 2026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare; provincial rank S1 and status 'May Be At Risk' because only found in the Milk River area. 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2026-Cyclicity 2026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in June to early August; peaking in mid-June (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2026-Distribution 2026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "It does not occur in other Canadian jurisdictions (Layberry et al., 1998). Its range extends from southern Alberta and eastern Oregon, south to Nebraska and east-central California, southeastern Arizona and southern New Mexico (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2026-GeneralDescription 2026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is a large butterfly with a wingspan of 57-95 mm. Easily distinguished from other admirals in the province because it has extensive white patches on the ventral surface of the hind wing and it does not have a red patch on its forewing tip. Dorsal wings are black with a white median band on both fore and hindwings. The submarginal areas of the hind wing are black. Ventral wing has brown with white markings and the base of the hindwing is grey-white with dark crosslines. The marginal spots on the ventral hindwing are grey-white. Identification may be complicated by hybridization with Limenitis lorquini; however, hybrids usually have the orange wing tip and broader white bands.\nThe eggs are green (Bird et al., 1995).\nThe larvae are very similar to other admirals and resemble bird droppings. They are mottled grey and white and the saddle on their humped back is tan (Layberry et al., 1998).\nThe pupae are light-coloured and have a large projection from the back (enature.com, 2000)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2026-Habitat 2026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Along streams and coulee bottoms where willow and poplar occur, near Milk River, Alberta." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2026-LifeCycle 2026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Late instar larvae overwinter in leaf shelters. Males perch on trees and shrubs to watch for receptive females and rarely patrol. Females lay eggs singly on the tips of host plant leaves (Opler et al., 1995) and oviposit on Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia) near Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park (Bird et al., 1995). Larvae eat leaves (Opler et al., 1995) and may take more than a year to develop (Bird et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2026-TrophicStrategy 2026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Only known larval host plant in Alberta is Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia, Lancaster, 1988). In the United States, documented host plants include: willows, poplar, ocean spray (Holodiscus sp.), and shadbush (Amelanchier sp.) (Bird et al., 1995; Opler et al., 1995). In Alberta, adults feed on Western Clematis (Clematis ligusticifolia) nectar (Lancaster, 1988). Elsewhere, they feed on tree sap, carrion, and flower nectar (Opler et al., 1995)." 3/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2440-ConservationStatus 2440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Only one Alberta record. 11/13/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2440-Cyclicity 2440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early June to late September. 11/13/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2440-Distribution 2440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Prince Edward Island, west to northwestern Ontario. One record in Alberta." 11/13/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2440-GeneralDescription 2440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "General colour of adults are very dark, close to black with a few irregular light marks along the sutures (Ross, 1944). Segment 9 of males is divided into dorsum and sternum. The clasper has two articles which are smoothly taperd to a blunt. The distal article is slightly curved (Schmid, 1983)." 11/13/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2440-Habitat 2440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Slower, smaller cool creeks." 11/13/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2440-TrophicStrategy 2440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae graze on fine organic particles and some algae. 11/13/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2442-ConservationStatus 2442 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 11/14/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2442-Cyclicity 2442 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are flying from early June to late September. 11/14/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2442-Distribution 2442 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. From Nova Scotia, west to British Columbia, south to Tennessee and Colorado." 11/14/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2442-GeneralDescription 2442 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult head, body and appendages are straw coloured (Ross, 1944). Male clasper is deeply bifid. The ventral lobe is shorter than the dorsal lobe. Dorsal lobe with a long, curved, slender, acuminate and directed posterad, as far as the remainder of the genital apparatus." 11/14/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2442-Habitat 2442 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat All flowing waters. 11/14/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2442-LifeCycle 2442 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In the Montreal Collection, where there are tens of thousands of individuals, yielded about 3 males. However, after a half-hour collection of about 60 individuals, more than 50% were male. There is some speculation of parthenogenesis, but not yet confirmed." 11/14/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2442-TrophicStrategy 2442 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are omnivorous, feeding primarily plant material." 11/14/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2361-ConservationStatus 2361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status In Canada known only lower South Saskatchewan and Red Deer River valleys in Alberta. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2361-Cyclicity 2361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected in late August and early September. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2361-Distribution 2361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern South Dakota and western North Dakota, northwest to southern Alberta, west to western Washington and south and east to southern California, New Mexico and Colorado. In Alberta (and Canada) known only from the Dinosaur Provincial Park and lower South Saskatchewan River areas." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2361-GeneralDescription 2361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Euxoa citricolor belongs to the detersa group, subgenus Euxoa. They are medium-size moths (3.4-3.7 cm wingspan) with pale dull yellow forewings with few markings other than a light dusting of darker scales in some specimens. Forewing markings are greatly reduced, usually confined to a small spot of grey cells at the orbicular, a larger elongated patch marking the reniform, and a terminal band of the same color. In some specimens the antemedian and postmedian lines are thin and scalloped, with a series of dark marks where the lines meet the costa. The hindwings are shining white; females in particular may have some darker scaling along the outer veins and outer margin and a faint median line. The only similar Alberta Euxoa is Euxoa tronella, which is cream or pale buff, not yellow." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2361-Habitat 2361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands and badlands associated with sagebrush and granular soils. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2361-LifeCycle 2361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, which flies in late summer and early fall." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2361-TrophicStrategy 2361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Most Euxoa are general feeders on a variety of low plants. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2362-ConservationStatus 2362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2362-Cyclicity 2362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-July to mid-September. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2362-Distribution 2362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to coastal BC, south in the east to Michigan and Minnesota, in the west to central California and New Mexico. In Alberta, it has been collected from the southern Boreal forest south throughout the parklands, grasslands and foothills regions." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2362-GeneralDescription 2362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "E. mimallonis are medium-sized noctuids (3.8-4.2 cm wingspan) with bright brick-red forewings and bright white (male) or white and sooty grey (female) hindwings. Markings on the forewings are confined to the antemedian and postmedian lines, and the reniform and orbicular spots, which are all lightly marked by dark scales. The reniform and orbicular are outlined in pale scales in some specimens. Euxoa thanatologica is similar, but males have duller red-brown forewings and sooty brown hindwings, while females are dark reddish-brown. E. mimallonis belongs to the mimallonis group of the subgenus Palaeoeuxoa. Members of the group can be separated from other Euxoa species groups by the short, spatulate saccular extensions of the male genitalia." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2362-Habitat 2362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry open woodlands, edges, meadows and grasslands." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2362-LifeCycle 2362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is one annual brood, with adults on the wing in late summer. The adults come to light." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2325-ConservationStatus 2325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2325-Cyclicity 2325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from the first week in August to the first week of September. 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2325-Distribution 2325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New Brunswick west across southern Canada to central British Columbia, south to the Florida, Texas and California. In Alberta, found only in riparian cottonwood groves along the river valleys in the grasslands region, north to the Red Deer River at Dinosaur Provincial Park." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2325-GeneralDescription 2325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large (3.2-5.8 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth with glistening dark sooty brown forewings and copper-orange hindwings. The forewing basad to the postmedian line is darker than the terminal area. The postmedian line, the orbicular spot and to a lesser degree the antemedian line are light brown to dirty white. The antennae are simple, and the sexes are essentially alike. The large size and shining, coppery-orange unbanded hindwings will separate the Copper Underwing from all other Alberta moths." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2325-Habitat 2325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry deciduous forest. 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2325-LifeCycle 2325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Copper underwing is a solitary defoliator, which feeds mainly on leaves but also is known to eat patches of skin off developing fruits. There is a single annual brood, with the adults emerging in late summer and early fall. The over wintering stage is the egg. The larvae are cream when they hatch, but turn green in the second instars. The adults are attracted to both lights and sugar baits." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2325-TrophicStrategy 2325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada a wide variety of deciduous trees, including basswood, White Elm, White Oak, White Birch, willow, Trembling Aspen, Chokecherry, Sugar Maple, Mountain-ash, Green Ash and others (see Prentice, 1962 for complete list)." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2326-ConservationStatus 2326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A locally common, widespread species; no concerns." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2326-Cyclicity 2326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from early-mid August through early September. 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2326-Distribution 2326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New York and Quebec west to southern BC, south to Georgia and Colorado. In Alberta, apparently confined to wooded areas along the river valleys on the plains, north at least to the Red Deer River at Tolman Bridge." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2326-GeneralDescription 2326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-4.0 cm wingspan) light ash or buff-grey moth. The forewing is powdery grey, with the antemedian line, orbicular spot and reniform spots all reduced to a few dark dots. The postmedian line is better marked, and consists of a sinuous line of dark spots. The subterminal line is a straight line of dark grey dots at the veins, and forms the boundary between the grey forewing and the contrasting pale grey or buff terminal area. The hindwings are light grey, darkening toward the margin. The antennae are simple, and the sexes are alike. The sharply contrasting pale terminal area \non the grey forewings will separate glabella from other the moths found in southern Alberta in late summer and fall.\n" 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2326-Habitat 2326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry deciduous woodland 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2326-LifeCycle 2326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, with adults emerging in late summer. The probable overwintering stage is the egg. Adults come readily to both sugar bait and to light." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2326-TrophicStrategy 2326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere in Canada reported from Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) (one record for each; Prentice, 1962)." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2327-ConservationStatus 2327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A scarce but very widespread species, possibly introduced. No concerns." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2327-Cyclicity 2327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early August through early September. 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2327-Distribution 2327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern North America, from Newfoundland south to Pennsylvania, west to the Mississippi River. In the west, widespread in BC, and east to central Alberta (Edmonton). Also in the Palaearctic. Possibly introduced to North America." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2327-GeneralDescription 2327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.3 cm wingspan) silky dark gray brown moth. The wings are unmarked except for a black point marking the orbicular, and a small dark bar, often reduced to two small spots, one above the other, marking the reniform. The veins are lined with dark scales, barely discernable against the dark ground. The hindwings are lighter sooty brown, darkening toward the margin. The antennae are simple and the sexes are alike. The three dark dots on the otherwise essentially unmarked forewing will usually identify tragopoginis. The similar Graphiphora augur flies at the same time, but is larger and has the postmedian line at least partly visible." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2327-Habitat 2327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Urban areas and woodland edges. 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2327-LifeCycle 2327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, which emerges in late summer. The larvae are apparently general feeders on a variety of shrubs and herbs. The adults come to light." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2327-TrophicStrategy 2327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to be a general feeder, found on hawthorn (Crataegus sp.), Plantain (Plantago), columbine (Aquilega)." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2329-Cyclicity 2329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly between mid-June to late-August. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2329-Distribution 2329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Transcontinental. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2329-GeneralDescription 2329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are grayish brown, with large patches of white hair on the wings and body, giving it a varigated and hairy appearance (Ross,1944). The harpago is slightly longer than the disto-dorsal lobe of the male clasper (Morse, 1975).\n" 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2329-Habitat 2329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lakes. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2329-LifeCycle 2329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae will burrow into colonies of freshwater sponges and feed. The case is made up entirely of silk secretions produced by the larvae and will sometimes pupate right in the sponge mats in the spring (LaFontaine, 1981)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2329-TrophicStrategy 2329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on freshwater sponges (LaFontaine, 1981)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2330-Distribution 2330 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic, south to Oregon and Colorado and east to New York." 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2330-GeneralDescription 2330 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults have a dark mesal stipe on the head and notum. The wings are brown with a light yellow arculus mark. The ventral base of the male clasper has a short triangular process and the harpago is very small, almost invisible (Morse, 1975)." 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2330-Habitat 2330 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lakes. 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2330-TrophicStrategy 2330 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on detritus and sponges. 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2331-Cyclicity 2331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity One specimen from mid-June. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2331-Distribution 2331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Northern Holarctic. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2331-GeneralDescription 2331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult head and thoracic sclerites are dark browinsh-grey in colour. The forewings are brown throughout except a small testaceous spot at the arculus. The ventral base of the male clasper has a long, slender and rounded process. The disto-dorsal lobe is not curved (Morse, 1975)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2331-Habitat 2331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lakes. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2331-TrophicStrategy 2331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on detritus and sponges. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2270-ConservationStatus 2270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2270-Cyclicity 2270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in May to July and in September. 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2270-Distribution 2270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in the northeaastern United States and in most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found over the southern half, except in the drier prairie regions" 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2270-GeneralDescription 2270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Denticulate hind angles of prothorax approximately right and metacoxae each with a single seta. Black with bronzy lustre, side margins often brighter: greenish, bluish or golden. Length 10.0 to 13.5 mm." 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2270-Habitat 2270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat On soft soil among Carex vegetation and usually with mosses at the margins of lakes and ponds. 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2270-LifeCycle 2270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2270-TrophicStrategy 2270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2271-ConservationStatus 2271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2271-Cyclicity 2271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single Alberta specimens was collected in May. 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2271-Distribution 2271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in a few of the northeastern states of United States, and in most of Canada. In Alberta, the single record is from the southwest." 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2271-GeneralDescription 2271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Denticulate hind angles of prothorax approximately right and metacoxae each medially with a tuft of long yellow setae. Black, upper surface alsmost constantly with pronounced though varying metallic lustre: bluish, greenish, coppery or golden. Length 10.7 to 13.0 mm." 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2271-Habitat 2271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On the borders of ponds and pools, usually where the soft, wet mud is bare in spots." 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2271-LifeCycle 2271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2271-TrophicStrategy 2271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 6/21/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2292-ConservationStatus 2292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status At the northwestern edge of it's range in Alberta; no concerns. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2292-Cyclicity 2292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-June through early August. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2292-Distribution 2292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern North America, west to central Alberta. In Alberta, they have been collected along the southern edge of the Boreal forest (Lac la Biche, Redwater and Edmonton areas) and in the Aspen Parkland (Altario)." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2292-GeneralDescription 2292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (4.0-5.0 cm wingspan) heavy-bodied grey moth. The body is slate grey or blackish. Forewings are dark grey or black over the basal half, shading to lighter grey on the outer half, and are crossed by a network of fine broken black lines. The hindwings are thinly scaled and somewhat translucent white, with a very fine network of indistinct dark lines and a narrow black terminal line. Antennae are narrowly bipectinate in males, finely serrate in females. Sexes similar except for size, with females larger than males. The two-tone forewing with dark basal half and the pale hindwings will separate the Poplar Carpenterworm from the similar Carpenterworm (P. robiniae) and Aspen Carpenterworm (A. populi)." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2292-Habitat 2292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mature woodland with poplar, in particular Trembling aspen." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2292-LifeCycle 2292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are borers that live in galleries they create in the trunks and stems of poplar trees, where they feed on the cambium area. Mature larvae are 4-5 cm long, creamy white with brown spots at the base of the setae, and dark brown heads and thoracic shields. Little is known about the life cycle, but the closely related Carpenterworm takes up to three or four years to complete the life cycle, and it is probable that the Poplar Carpenterwom also takes several years to mature. The adults come to light.\nLarvae are occasionally been found when splitting aspen logs for firewood. Their boring can weaken trees, making them more vulnerable to wind damage and drought, but they are not abundant enough to be a serious problem." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2292-TrophicStrategy 2292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The only Alberta data is for an adult reared at Altario from a larva in an aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides) log split for firewood. They probably also utilizes other poplar species as well. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2293-ConservationStatus 2293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species; no concerns. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2293-Cyclicity 2293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-June through late July. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2293-Distribution 2293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental. Widespread in Alberta. The Aspen Carpenterworm has been collected in the Boreal forest north to Zama, south in the Parklands to Tolman Bridge Recreation Area, and throughout the Foothills and Mountain regions, from Jasper National Park to the Waterton - Crowsnest area." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2293-GeneralDescription 2293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather large (5.0-6.8 cm wingspan) heavy-bodied light grey moth. The thorax is grey, with a narrow white band bordered by black at the anterior and posterior edges, and the abdomen is dull grey. Forewings are dirty white, crossed by a network of fine dark grey broken lines. Two or more of these lines in the median area are usually darker, more prominent and often partly joined. The fringe is checkered grey and black, with black scales marking the veins. Hindwings are grey with a net of fine black lines as in the forewings. The antennae are narrowly bipectinate in males and serrate in females.\nThe similar Poplar Carpenterworm (A. centerensis) has two-toned forewings with the basal half much darker, and poorly marked white hindwings. Females of the Carpenterworm (P. robiniae) are similar, but have grey blotches on the forewings, and males have large yellow-orange splotches in the anal area of the hindwings." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2293-Habitat 2293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mature woodland with poplar, in particular Trembling aspen, and especially near wetlands." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2293-LifeCycle 2293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is little information available on the life history of the Aspen Carpenterworm. Like our other carpenterworm species, the larvae are borers and live in galleries they create in the trunks and stems of poplar trees. The closely related Carpenterworm takes three to four years to complete the life cycle, and it is likely that the Aspen Carpenterworm also takes several years to mature. Adults are usually collected at light. Although the larval burrows can damage the host trees, they are considered to be of no economic concern." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2293-TrophicStrategy 2293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data. Elsewhere reported to be a borer in poplars (Populus sp.). 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2298-ConservationStatus 2298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rare species at the western extreme of its range in Alberta; no concerns. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2298-Cyclicity 2298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in July. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2298-Distribution 2298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland and Labrador, south in the Appalachians to at least the Carolinas, and west across the southern Boreal Forest region of Canada to central Alberta. Rare in Alberta, where it has been collected along the southern edge of the Boreal forest, in the Lac la Biche and Edmonton areas." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2298-GeneralDescription 2298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-4.1 cm wingspan) grey-brown hepialid moth. Forewings are mottled light and dark grey-brown, with the lighter area forming a poorly defined stripe which angles from the wing base to the lower margin, then obliquely to the wing tip. The median area above this band is darker brown, as are a series of spots or blotches along the costa. The terminal area is also darker brown. Hindwings are dull grey-brown, unmarked. The fringes on all wings are checkered. Antennae in both sexes are reduced and hair-like. The reduced, hair-like antennae will identify gracilis as a Hepialid moth, and the dull brown mottled appearance will separate it from the other small Alberta hepialids, which have pink or reddish-brown forewings with silvery-white markings." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2298-Habitat 2298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous and mixedwood forest. 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2298-LifeCycle 2298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are occasionally collected at light. The larvae feed on the roots of a variety of plants, in particularly those of certain coniferous trees." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2298-TrophicStrategy 2298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. In some areas of eastern North America, it is a significant pest on the roots of Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and Red spruce (Picea rubens). They are also reported to feed on the roots of many other plants, including White spruce (Picea glauca), birches (Betula sp.), Aspen (Populus tremuloides), and ferns (Dryopteris sp. and Athyrium filix-femina)." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2299-ConservationStatus 2299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread insect; no concerns." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2299-Cyclicity 2299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in Alberta from early July through mid-August, peaking the last half of July." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2299-Distribution 2299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Labrador and New York north and west to British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, south in the mountains to Arizona. In Alberta, it is most common throughout the Boreal forest and Aspen Parkland regions, less common in the Foothills and Mountains, and along wooded parts of the valleys in the Grasslands region." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2299-GeneralDescription 2299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are large (6.6-10.0 cm wingspan) long-winged moths that occur in two color forms, purple-grey and yellow-brown. Until recently the yellow-brown form was thought to be a separate species, S. quadriguttatus. The forewings have a darker oblique median band, a darker terminal area and darker spots along the costa. There are two small, silver spots near the wing base. Hindwings are even purple brown or salmon pink, unmarked except for one or two small spots on the outer part of the leading edge. The antennae in both sexes are greatly reduced and hair-like, and separate them from all other large Alberta moths. The similar S. argenteomaculatus (Harris) does not occur in Alberta, and the literature reports for argentomaculatus are errors (Schmidt and Lawrie, 1999)." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2299-Habitat 2299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mature mixedwood and poplar forest, in particular near wetlands." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2299-LifeCycle 2299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females deposit eggs in the vicinity of the host while in flight. The larvae bore into the roots of poplars, willows or alder where they complete the life cycle. The larvae apparently take two years to complete the lifecycle, and adults in Alberta are more common in odd-numbered years. Mature larvae are about 50-60 cm long, with cream-white bodies, brown heads and brown bases of the setae. The adults are crepuscular and are poorly attracted to light." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2299-TrophicStrategy 2299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae bore into the roots of poplars (Populus sp.), and to a lesser extent willow (Salix) and alder (Alnus)." 9/25/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2302-ConservationStatus 2302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2302-Cyclicity 2302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found in mid-summer. 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2302-Distribution 2302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental (LaFontaine, 1981), from Newfoundland, west to Alaska (Schmid, 1998)." 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2302-GeneralDescription 2302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are generally blue-black, with the wings and thorax, an irridencent metallic sheen (Ross, 1944). The male clasper is linear, broad and directed postero-dorsad at a 45 degree angle." 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2302-Habitat 2302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ponds, lakes and larger, slower rivers." 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2302-LifeCycle 2302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual. Adults emerge throughout the warmer months. 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2302-TrophicStrategy 2302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on fine plant material and invertebrates. 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2303-ConservationStatus 2303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2303-Cyclicity 2303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid-June to late August. 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2303-Distribution 2303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alaska , east to the Northwest Terrritories and Quebec." 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2303-GeneralDescription 2303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are rust brown and the forewings are frequently covered with golden hair, arranged to form alternate golden and brown bands (Ross, 1944). Male claspers have a broad base and the dorsal process is expanded dorsad and curved ventrad (Yamamoto & Wiggins, 1964)." 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2303-Habitat 2303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ponds, lakes and larger, slower rivers." 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2303-LifeCycle 2303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual. Adults emerge throughout the warmer months. 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2303-TrophicStrategy 2303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larve feed on fine plant material and invertebrates. 10/29/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2368-ConservationStatus 2368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species at the northern edge of its range in Alberta; no reason for concern. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2368-Cyclicity 2368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late August and early September. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2368-Distribution 2368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The western Great Plains and eastern Intermontane region from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta south to eastern Nevada, northern Arizona, east to the Texas panhandle, and north through western Kansas, Nebraska and South Dakota. In Alberta it occurs in the arid grasslands north to Dinosaur Provincial Park." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2368-GeneralDescription 2368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Euxoa teleboa belongs to the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. They are medium-size moths (3.0-3.3 cm wingspan) with rusty-orange or yellow-buff forewings crossed by a wide black median band. The hindwings are shining white with a small dark discal crescent. The normal lines are indistinct or absent in most specimens, and the orbicular is reduced to a dark spot. The remainders of the forewings are dusted with scattered grey scales, in particular in the terminal area. E. teleboa can be separated from the similar E. tronella by the prominent wide median band, and from E. setonia by the yellow-brown or rusty orange color (brown in setonia)." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2368-Habitat 2368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Arid shortgrass prairie, in particular sagebrush grasslands." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2368-LifeCycle 2368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, with a late summer-fall flight period. Adults come to light." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2369-ConservationStatus 2369 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rare species in Canada where it is at the northern extremity of its range. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2369-Cyclicity 2369 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid August through early September. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2369-Distribution 2369 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From western North and South Dakota, west across southern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta to Washington, south to southern California and northern New Mexico. In Alberta it has been collected in the arid grasslands region, north to Tolman Bridge Recreation Area in the Red Deer River valley." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2369-GeneralDescription 2369 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Euxoa tronella are medium-sized moths (3.2-3.6 cm wingspan) with pale tan or buff forewings variably dusted with dark scales, with some specimens almost immaculate. The transverse lines are obsolete or marked with a few dark scales, and the reniform and in particular the orbicular spots are poorly defined, and are marked only by a patch of grey scales. The terminal area is usually darker grey, with a series of small dark crescents marking the terminal line. The fringe is the same color as the ground. The hindwings are white, with the outer half shaded with smoky brown in some specimens and occasionally with a discal bar and a faint median line. The fringe is white.\n\nThe similar E. citricolor has pale yellow, not buff, forewings. Also similar to lightly marked specimens of E. catenula, which are white or grey, not buff, and which have prominent dark spots on the costa at the antemedian and postmedian line location. \n\nEuxoa tronella is a member of the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. Keys to the group, subgenus and species are available in Lafontaine 1981 and 1987.\n" 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2369-Habitat 2369 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid shortgrass prairie with sagebrush; badlands. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2369-LifeCycle 2369 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single brood, flying in late summer and early fall. Adults come to light." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2370-ConservationStatus 2370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2370-Cyclicity 2370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from mid-August through September. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2370-Distribution 2370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western North America, from south central Saskatchewan west to Alaska and coastal BC, south to at least southwestern Montana and southwestern Colorado. In Alberta, it has been collected in the Aspen Parkland and southern Boreal Forest south to the wooded valleys of the arid grasslands, and throughout the foothills, as well as in the northern Peace River district." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2370-GeneralDescription 2370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5 cm wingspan) moth. Forewings are rusty red-brown, darker brown in the terminal area. The antemedian and postmedian lines are irregular and thin, marked with darker rust scales, and there is a wider dark diffuse median band running from the bottom of the reniform to the lower margin. The orbicular and reniform spots are thinly outlined in dark rust brown scales, and the lower half of the reniform is filled with dark slate grey. The darker terminal area is divided by a rust-red subterminal line, outlined on the distal side by paler rust scales. Hindwings are light grey, with a sharply defined outer band of light rusty yellow, widest along the costa. \nSexes are similar. Both the wings, but in particular the forewings, have a shiny reflective sheen. The similar A. bicolorago is paler, more yellow or tan than rust, and has less of the sheen." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2370-Habitat 2370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2370-LifeCycle 2370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, which flies in the fall. Adults are attracted to both lights and sugar baits. The larval host plant(s) are apparently unknown, and the larvae have never been described." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2370-TrophicStrategy 2370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. The closely related A. bicolorago is reported to feed on the seeds of various deciduous trees. Adults come to sugar baits. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2324-ConservationStatus 2324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very rare and at the extreme northwestern limit of its range in northern Alberta. 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2324-Cyclicity 2324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta record is an adult female collected in mid-June. 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2324-Distribution 2324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to northeastern Alberta, south to Florida and Texas, and in the USA west to Oregon. In Alberta, known only from a single specimen collected just north of Fort McMurray." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2324-GeneralDescription 2324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) dark purple-grey moth. Forewings have a long narrow black basal streak, a larger black streak (dagger-mark) in the anal angle, and a smaller one near the apex. The postmedian-line is prominent, marked with black scales, and loops outward between the costa and the upper dagger mark, between the two dagger marks, and below the lower dagger mark. The orbicular spot is indistinct, marked by a few dark scales. The reniform spot is more prominent and is filled with dark red-brown scales. There are also dark red-brown scales shading the upper part of the lower dagger-mark. Hindwings are grey-brown, darker toward the margin. The sexes are similar, but the female is darker, especially on the hindwings. Antennae simple in both sexes. The Triton dagger-moth is darker and less patterned than the other Alberta dagger-moths. Apharetra dentata is similar in color and pattern and occurs in the same habitat, but is much smaller and flies later in the season." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2324-Habitat 2324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry forest with blueberry understory. 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2324-LifeCycle 2324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle A solitary defoliator of blueberry. The single annual brood overwinters in the pupal stage. Adults come to light. 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2324-TrophicStrategy 2324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to feed on various Ericaceae, including species of Vaccinium sp. (blueberry and cranberry), Azalea and Rhododendron. The Alberta specimen was taken in association with blueberry." 10/30/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2400-ConservationStatus 2400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2400-Cyclicity 2400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early June to late August. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2400-Distribution 2400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, from Alberta, east to Cape Breton, north to the treeline and Hudson's Bay. South to Minnesota and Massachusetts." 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2400-GeneralDescription 2400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are uniform brown; in females, the basal half of annuli are darker. Vertex of head is reddish brown and the spurs are pale brown. In males, segment 10's process is widened at the tip and dished with a central spine (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2400-Habitat 2400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat All kinds of standing water. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2400-LifeCycle 2400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2400-TrophicStrategy 2400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2401-ConservationStatus 2401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2401-Cyclicity 2401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid-June to late August. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2401-Distribution 2401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, from Alberta east to New Brunswick and in the United States only recorded in Massachusetts (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2401-GeneralDescription 2401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Vertex of the adult head is brown and the antennae pale yellowish brown. Legs are brownish yellow to straw with yellow spurs. Male cercus lower mesal surface with a black robust spine hooking ventrad (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2401-Habitat 2401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prefers flowing waters. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2401-LifeCycle 2401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2401-TrophicStrategy 2401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2402-ConservationStatus 2402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2402-Cyclicity 2402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from late June to late August. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2402-Distribution 2402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental, from Alaska and Washington State to Kentucky and Newfoundland, but it is not known from the Maritimes (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2402-GeneralDescription 2402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Vertex of the adult head a dull grey-brown. Legs are pale grey-brown, brown spurs in males and yellow-brown in females. In males, segment 10's dorsal processes are bowed dorsad, curving laterad. The cercus is tapered and distally acuminate (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2402-Habitat 2402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Eclectic waters, wide range of ecological tolerance (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2402-LifeCycle 2402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2402-TrophicStrategy 2402 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2403-ConservationStatus 2403 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2403-Cyclicity 2403 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid-June to mid-August. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2403-Distribution 2403 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental from Yukon and Vancouver Island, south to New Hampshire. Present in extreme eastern Quebec, with no records in Saskatchewan, Manitoba and northern Ontario (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2403-GeneralDescription 2403 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults forewings are pale golden brown and the hindwings are paley tinted golden. Vertex of the head is deep yellow-brown. Legs are pale brownish yellow to straw coloured and the spurs are brownish yellow. In males, segment 10's dorsal processes are corkscrewed and the cercus is rounded (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2403-Habitat 2403 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lakes and smaller silt or gravel creeks. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2403-LifeCycle 2403 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2403-TrophicStrategy 2403 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2404-ConservationStatus 2404 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2404-Cyclicity 2404 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid-June to mid-August. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2404-Distribution 2404 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From eastern Ontario, south to Newfoundland, Maine and Minnesota. Only one record each in British Columbia and Alberta." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2404-GeneralDescription 2404 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult forewings are light golden brown with no apparent patterns, hingwings are faintly tinted golden brown, especially distally. Vertex of the head is orange-brown and the antennae are brown. Legs are dull brown with light brown spurs. The lower mesal face of the male cercus is a strongly dentate blade directed ventrad (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2404-Habitat 2404 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Flowing and standing waters? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2404-LifeCycle 2404 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2404-TrophicStrategy 2404 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2405-ConservationStatus 2405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2405-Cyclicity 2405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early June to late September. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2405-Distribution 2405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From the Alaska panhandle, British Columbia and Alberta, south to Colorado, Arizona and California (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2405-GeneralDescription 2405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Vertex of the adult head is a dull reddish brown and the antennae are a very pale brownish yellow. Legs are brownish yellow with yellow-brown spurs. Generally, females are darker in colour, with the yellows replaced by browns. The male cercus is massive and polyhedral. Clapser is curved postero-dorsad and tapers distally to an acuminate tip. Both the clasper and cercus are subequal in size and extends well past the genital capsule (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2405-Habitat 2405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lakes and a variety of moving waters in the subalpine to the boreal plains. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2405-LifeCycle 2405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2405-TrophicStrategy 2405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2406-ConservationStatus 2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2406-Cyclicity 2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from late June to late July. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2406-Distribution 2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. Collected from Great Slave Lake, Alberta, east to Manitoba and Minnesota and New Hampshire (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2406-GeneralDescription 2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Vertex of adult head red-brown, with the anterior portion darker in females. Antennae are pale grey-brown. Legs and spurs are brownish yellow. In males, there are two pairs of processes. The dorsal pair are small, slender, base narrower than the body, which tapers to an acuminate tip (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2406-Habitat 2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2406-LifeCycle 2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2406-TrophicStrategy 2406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2407-ConservationStatus 2407 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2407-Cyclicity 2407 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from late May to mid-September. 11/11/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2407-Distribution 2407 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "South of the treeline, from Alaska east to Newfoundland and south to Texas (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2407-GeneralDescription 2407 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult forewings are a pale browinsh gold and the antennae are dull yellow. Legs are straw coloured with yellow spurs. Male clasper is large and shaped roughly like a parallelogram, with disto mesal dorsal and ventral lobes (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2407-Habitat 2407 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat All flowing and standing waters. 11/11/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2407-LifeCycle 2407 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2407-TrophicStrategy 2407 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2408-ConservationStatus 2408 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2408-Cyclicity 2408 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early June to late August. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2408-Distribution 2408 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, from Vancouver Island east to Newfoundland, and extending south to Texas. There are some isolated records in the McKenzie Delta and Colorado (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2408-GeneralDescription 2408 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult forewings are golden brown with scattered pale areas. The antennae are orange-brown and the vertex of the head is brown. Legs are cream to yellow-brown with brown spurs. In males, segment 10 has two pairs of processes. The ventral pair are blade or hook-like. Dorsal pair are long, slender, acuminate and curved postero-dorsad (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2408-Habitat 2408 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lakes? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2408-LifeCycle 2408 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2408-TrophicStrategy 2408 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2409-ConservationStatus 2409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2409-Cyclicity 2409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early June to late August. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2409-Distribution 2409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alaska and California, east to Newfoundland, south to Colorado (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2409-GeneralDescription 2409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Vertex of adult head is dark brown, paling posteriorly. Antennae brownish cream. Legs are brownish-yellow with orange-brown spurs. In males, segment 10 has two pairs of processes. The dorsal pair is very long, slender, curved ventro-anterad, tapering to a very fine acuminate tip. Ventral pair are stout and apparently of two parts (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2409-Habitat 2409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing and flowing waters in the subapline to boreal plains. Mountain torrents to lowland creeks. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2409-LifeCycle 2409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2409-TrophicStrategy 2409 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2410-ConservationStatus 2410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2410-Cyclicity 2410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Only one record from July 13. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2410-Distribution 2410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Only one record collected in southern Alberta (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2410-GeneralDescription 2410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Vertex of adult head dull brown with brownish yellow antennae. Legs are straw coloured with yellow spurs. In males, segment 10 has two pairs of processes. The dorsal pair are short, stout and recurved dorso-anterad. Ventral pair are longer, tapered and directed postero-ventrad at about 45 degrees (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2410-Habitat 2410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Unknown. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2410-LifeCycle 2410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2410-TrophicStrategy 2410 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2411-ConservationStatus 2411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2411-Cyclicity 2411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid-June to mid-August. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2411-Distribution 2411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental, from Newfoundland east to southern British Columbia and south to the northern states (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2411-GeneralDescription 2411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Vertex of adult head dull straw colored and the antennae a dull grey-brown. The legs are dull straw, distally pale brown with brown spurs. In males, segment 10 has two pairs of processes. Both dorsal and ventral pairs of processes are short, stout, tapered, acuminate and directed postero-ventrad (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2411-Habitat 2411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Flowing and standing waters. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2411-LifeCycle 2411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual ? 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2411-TrophicStrategy 2411 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2412-ConservationStatus 2412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not known from Alberta yet. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2412-Cyclicity 2412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid-May to mid-July. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2412-Distribution 2412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread, from Saskatchewan, east to Nova Scotia and south to Florida. In Saskatchewan, recored from the western border near Lloydminster (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2412-GeneralDescription 2412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Vertex of adult head is purple-brown. Antennae are purple-brown with white boundarie at the anullar joints. Legs are a deep yellow-brown to straw colour. In males, segment 10 has two pairs of processes. Both pairs of processes are wide, tapering distally to dull points. Dorsal pair is hooked dorsad, whereas the distal half is curved ventrad in the ventral pair of processes (Nimmo, 1986)." 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2412-Habitat 2412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Flowing and standing waters. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2412-LifeCycle 2412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2412-TrophicStrategy 2412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 11/11/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2436-ConservationStatus 2436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species; no concerns. 11/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2436-Cyclicity 2436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through July. 11/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2436-Distribution 2436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to the foothills of Alberta; south to eastern Kentucky. The Splendid dagger moth appears to have extended its range westward into Alberta very recently. Bowman collected in the Edmonton area for almost 50 years and failed to record it. The first Alberta specimens were apparently taken at both Olds and Edmonton in 1995; since then it has been collected annually in Edmonton and found at a number of locations throughout central Alberta, north to Lac la Biche, and south west to the" 11/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2436-GeneralDescription 2436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-large moth (4-4.5 cm wingspan). The forewings are broad, pale grey and black with the grey areas most extensive around the orbicular and reniform spots. There is characteristic tuft of pale yellow or orange scales on the lower edge of the forewing base. The hind wings are gray brown, with an indistinct discal dot and a somewhat darker post median band. The antennae are simple, and the sexes are alike. Not likely to be mistaken for any other Alberta moth." 11/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2436-Habitat 2436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Deciduous and mixedwood forest, shrub lands and urban plantations." 11/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2436-LifeCycle 2436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Splendid dagger moth is a solitary defoliator. There appears to be a single annual brood, which over-winters in the pupal stage. The adults come to light.\n: The Splendid dagger moth is a solitary defoliator. There appears to be a single annual brood, which over-winters in the pupal stage. The adults come to light.\n\n" 11/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2436-TrophicStrategy 2436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Hosts reported from elsewhere in Canada include Mountain-ash (Sorbus), White Birch (Betula papyrifera), pin-cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica), and apple (Malus sp.)" 11/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2371-ConservationStatus 2371 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common and widespread species; no concerns. 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2371-Cyclicity 2371 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through early July. 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2371-Distribution 2371 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New York and Newfoundland west to central BC, south to Colorado. In Alberta found throughout the wooded areas, north into the southern Boreal forest and the Peace River region; also in the Cypress Hills." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2371-GeneralDescription 2371 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (4.0-4.4 cm wingspan) chalky white moth lightly dusted with gray scales. The normal lines are reduced to a few black spots where they would meet the costa and a series of small dots marking the terminal line. Other markings include a short basal streak, a few dark scales at the orbicular, a small crescent for the reniform. Several small spots or streaks on the upper half, and a larger black blotch and streak in the anal angle indicate the subterminal line. The hindwings are white with a small discal mark and a series of black spots along the margin at the veins. Sexes similar but females with a few more dark scales, especially along the veins of the hindwings. Very similar to and easily confused with A. lepusculina, which is pale grey instead of white, and has more complete wing markings. Vulpina is the whitest of our Dagger moths. Until very recently Vulpina was treated as a subspecies of the Old World species leporina, but has since been shown to be a separate species, with both species occurring together in eastern Russia. The Alberta population is usually referred to subspecies cretatoides Benjamin." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2371-Habitat 2371 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature deciduous and mixed wood forest; urban plantations. 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2371-LifeCycle 2371 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Acronicta vulpina is a solitary defoliator. There is a single brood each year, which overwinters as pupae. The adults come to both light and sugar bait. The larvae are covered with long soft pale yellow hair, pointing forward on one side and backward on the other, due to the habit of resting with the body doubled sideways. There are several small hair pencils, white and black, which do not exceed the length of the yellow hair." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2371-TrophicStrategy 2371 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No specific Alberta data; Canadian records (which includes Alberta data) list Aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides), White birch (Betula papyrifera), Balsam poplar (Populus basamifera), willow (Salix sp.) and Speckled alder (Alnus rugosa) (1 record only) with aspen and White birch most frequently recorded (Prentice, 1962)." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2373-ConservationStatus 2373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread species, local and uncommon at the northern edge of its range in Alberta." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2373-Cyclicity 2373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected in late August and the first half of September. 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2373-Distribution 2373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "South central Saskatchewan west to southern interior BC, south to southern California, Arizona, New Mexico and west Texas, east to western Nebraska and North Dakota. It has been collected in extreme southern Alberta, north to Lethbridge and Medicine Hat." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2373-GeneralDescription 2373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.9-3.2 cm. wingspan) streaky grey and yellow-brown moth. Head and thorax yellow-brown and grey; prothoracic collar edged with pale scales and tegulae trimmed with scattered black scales. Forewings yellow-brown or grey brown with lighter streaks, in particular the subterminal area, costa, the spots and the area distal to the claviform pale yellow or orange-brown. Veins CU1 and M3 pale-edged and projecting to the wing margin. A small black basal dash, reduced to a few black scales in many specimens. Fringe dark. Hindwings white, with sooty brown scaling on the veins and forming a wide diffuse terminal band; fringe white.\n\nClosely related to and very similar to E. detersa, which are darker, in particular the hindwings, and are much less streaky in appearance. Male genitalia are nearly identical to those of detersa, but females differ in having a single row of stout setae along the edge of the ovipositor lobe in cicatricose (scattered in detersaE. niveilinea is also similar, but is darker and less streaky, has a white transverse line on the thorax, and males have much longer saccular extensions on the valve.\n\nEuxoa cicatricose belongs to the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. Most specimens of cicatricose seen from southern Alberta lack much of the pale contrasting streaking characteristic of most cicatricose populations elsewhere. \n" 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2373-Habitat 2373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid areas with sparse vegetation and loose granular soils. 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2373-LifeCycle 2373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The early stages are unknown. There is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in late summer" 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23312-ConservationStatus 23312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Probably of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23312-Cyclicity 23312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July and August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23312-Distribution 23312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species, known primarily from the northeast. In his description, Klots (1942) reports the species from Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Listed for Michigan by Nielsen (1998). Not mentioned for Alberta by Bowman (1951). Reported from the province from the vicinities of Cooking Lake, McKenzie Crossing, Olds, Tolman Bridge and NE of Zama City by Pohl et al. (2005). Additional collections have been made in a number of other locations, all in the prairies and aspen parkland." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23312-GeneralDescription 23312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized crambid (20-28 mm wingspan) with porrect labial palps. Females generally larger than males. The palps, head and thorax are grayish white. The forewings are grayish white with pale veins and a scattering of dark brown scales, cross lines absent except occasionally with a faint ST line. The terminal space is of the same color as the rest of the forewings and it contains three or four dark dots. The fringes are of the same color as the rest of the forewings. The hindwings are grayish white. Distinguished from other Alberta species of Pediasia by a combination of its smaller size, pale gray color, pale veins and coarse, dark dusting on the dorsal side of the forewings. The male genitalia are illustrated by Klots (1942)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23312-Habitat 23312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native grassland. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23312-LifeCycle 23312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Adults fly at night and come to light. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23312-TrophicStrategy 23312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. It is likely that the larvae feed on the roots of grasses. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2515-ConservationStatus 2515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Moderately common. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2515-Cyclicity 2515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from May to August and in October. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2515-Distribution 2515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found on the central plains of United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the south near the Saskatchewan border. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2515-GeneralDescription 2515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the tridentatus group, with the raised margin of the elytron prolonged upon the base to the peduncle. Median clypeal tooth short and blunt, sometimes apparent only by the clearly bisinuate margin. Piceous to dark brown, usuallywith slight metallic hue, mouthparts and legs paler, reddish, antennae somewhat darkening towards tip. Elytron with 1 subhumeral fovea. Length 3.0-4.2 mm." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2515-Habitat 2515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Apparently confined to the borders of saline lakes. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2515-TrophicStrategy 2515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2516-ConservationStatus 2516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2516-Cyclicity 2516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from June to August. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2516-Distribution 2516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found throughout northern United States and most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the southern three fifths. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2516-GeneralDescription 2516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the politus group, with reduced number of dorsal punctures, 1-2, on the 3rd elytral interval, and the two teeth on the lateral margin of the protibiae rudimentary. Black or dark piceous with more or less pronounced metallic lustre (brassy, rarely bluish or greenish), antennae piceous with one plae basal segemnt (or more), legs reddish or piceous with more or less darkened femora. Anterior margin of clypeus usually truncate. Elytron with 1 subhumeral fovea and 2 preapical punctures. Length 3.4-4.9 mm." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2516-Habitat 2516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Usually on river banks, at times on lake shores, but also in not too dry spots with low vegetation." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2516-TrophicStrategy 2516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2518-ConservationStatus 2518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2518-Cyclicity 2518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single specimen was collected in June. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2518-Distribution 2518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found on the central plains of United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is recorded from the single locality in the south near the Saskatchewan border. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2518-GeneralDescription 2518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the sellatus group, depigmented species without subhumeral foveae. Reddish yellow, ventral surface more or less darkened, elytra pale yellow with dark cloud behind middle. Frons rugose. Elytron without any dorsal punctures. Length 3.6-4.2 mm." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2518-Habitat 2518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs both on sea beaches and on lake shores, apparently not dependent on salt." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2518-TrophicStrategy 2518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2519-ConservationStatus 2519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/21/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2519-Cyclicity 2519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood, most often encountered in June, later at higher elevations." 1/21/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2519-Distribution 2519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "North-central BC south to northern Utah and California; isolated populations occur in the Black Hills of South Dakota (Opler 1999). There is a single isolated prairie record from Manyberries in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995), which may have been a windblown stray from the mountains to the west." 1/21/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2519-GeneralDescription 2519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The marbled green underside and orange forewing tips are distinctive. 1/21/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2519-Habitat 2519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous woodlands and meadows in the mountain region. 1/21/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2519-LifeCycle 2519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are not described, but are likely similar to the Pacific Orangetip (A. sara) (Guppy & Sheppard 2001)." 1/21/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2519-TrophicStrategy 2519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae feed on rock cress (Arabis spp.) in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001). 1/21/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2520-ConservationStatus 2520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2520-Cyclicity 2520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two broods, peaking in late May to mid June and late July to mid August." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2520-Distribution 2520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species occurs from central BC across to southern Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico (Opler 1999). In Alberta, it occurs chiefly along the southern reaches of the Red Deer River valley and southward. The depiction of locality records throughout the Alberta foothills in Layberry et al. (1998) is incorrect, and may be referable to C. christina; these two species were once considered to be variations of the same species." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2520-GeneralDescription 2520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A combination of the following traits will usually distinguish this species: hindwing underside quite greenish, with no row of dark spots and an unbordered, silver discal spot; upperside bright, cold-yellow with no trace of orange. It is found only in prairie (rarely in the southern foothills) grassland habitat." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2520-Habitat 2520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Gravelly and eroding prairie grasslands. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2520-LifeCycle 2520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs of Colorado populations are at first yellow-green, then turning pink, and are conical in shape with longitudinal ridges (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Mature larvae are black-dotted and green, with alternating dark and light longitudinal stripes (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001). In Colorado, third instar larvae overwinter (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Pupae are yellowish-green with light markings that mimic leaf veins (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2520-TrophicStrategy 2520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "There are no larval or adult diet data available for Alberta populations. A number of legume species are known larval host plants in the US, as summarized by Guppy & Shepard (2001). They include members of the genera Astragalus, Lathyrus, Oxytropis and Thermopsis which are all legumes (Fabaceae)." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2521-ConservationStatus 2521 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2521-Cyclicity 2521 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly brood peaking from late May to late July, depending on habitat." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2521-Distribution 2521 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern Alaska to northern BC and Alberta (Opler 1999), south in the Alberta foothills to Highwood Pass (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2521-GeneralDescription 2521 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The only other Alberta Colias with a dorsal orange colour that extends all the way to the forewing base are meadii and eurytheme. The Canada Sulphur, however, has the pink outline of the underside discal spot smeared outwards, and almost always lacks the hindwing underside submarginal dark spots. This species was only recently found to be distinct from C. hecla by Cliff Ferris (1988)." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2521-Habitat 2521 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moist, open areas including shrub willow-birch valley bottoms and alpine tundra." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2521-LifeCycle 2521 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The mature larva overwinters, and is dark green covered with short, fine hairs arising from small black spots (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The dorsal line is dark, and the lateral line is white and pinkish-red (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2521-TrophicStrategy 2521 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval foodplants are unkown, but are likely to be legumes. Females lay eggs on Hedysarum (Fabaceae) in captivity, and larvae can be successfully reared on red clover (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2513-ConservationStatus 2513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2513-Cyclicity 2513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, with peak flight activity between early July to late August." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2513-Distribution 2513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Yukon to New Mexico (Opler 1999). The population near Del Bonita, Alberta may be the only prairie population in North America (Bird et al. 1995). A disjunct population occurs in the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan (Layberry et al. 1998), and this species should be watched for on the Alberta side at the western end of the Cypress Hills." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2513-GeneralDescription 2513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The only other parnassian in Alberta is Clodius, known from Waterton Lakes N.P. The Rocky Mountain Parnassian has black and white banded antennae, not solid black as in clodius, and usually has some red markings on the forewing; these are never present in clodius. Females of smintheus are more heavily marked with black scales and have fewer scales overall than males, giving them a darker appearance. Subspecies smintheus occurs in Alberta; this species was described from Rock Lake near Jasper." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2513-Habitat 2513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Well-drained, sparsely vegetated mountain meadows." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2513-LifeCycle 2513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is creamy white in colour, rounded and slightly flattened on the top and bottom, and has a granulated surface. First instar larvae are black and covered in short hairs, and develop two dorsal rows of bright yellow spots as they mature (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The brown pupae are formed within a weakly constructed cocoon among plant litter or rocks on the ground (Layberry et al. 1998). The fully-developed larva overwinters in the egg. Adult males patrol meadows in search of females, and deposit a waxy, scoop-shaped structure, known as a sphragis, on the female's abdomen tip upon mating; this prevents the female from mating with subsequent males (Layberry et al. 1998). Female parnassians do not lay their eggs directly on the larval foodplant, and hatching larvae must find these upon hatching (Scott 1986). Despite this seemingly random oviposition behaviour, females are able to assess meadow quality, since they lay more eggs in good-quality meadows (Fownes & Roland 2002). Similarly, males are also able to assess meadow quality in terms of nectar flower abundance, mating opportunities and larval foodplant abundance; Matter and Roland (2002) showed that immigration of males into high-quality meadows was higher than into meadows with a lower abundance of nectar, females, and larval foodplants. Most adults live for about two weeks, but can live for three weeks or more (Roland et al. 2000)." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2513-TrophicStrategy 2513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae of Alberta populations feed on Lance-leaved Stonecrop (Sedum lanceolatum), and adults take nectar at a variety of flowers, particularly composites (Asteraceae) (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2514-ConservationStatus 2514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2514-Cyclicity 2514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from May to July. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2514-Distribution 2514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found throughout United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the southern one third. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2514-GeneralDescription 2514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the politus group, with reduced number of dorsal punctures, 1-2, on the 3rd elytral interval, and the two teeth on the lateral margin of the protibiae rudimentary. Black, usually with rather strong metallic lustre; antennae piceous or yellowish brown with at least 1st segment and base of 2nd to 3rd following pale reddish (often several basal segment entirely pale); legs reddish, tibiae palest, femora darkened. Anterior margin of clypeus usually clearly bisinuate. Elytron with 1 subhumeral fovea and 2 preapical punctures. Length 4.2-5.2 mm" 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2514-Habitat 2514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occurs on barren banks and shores of running and standing fresh water. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2514-TrophicStrategy 2514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2558-ConservationStatus 2558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2558-Cyclicity 2558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "A single brood annually, which flies in mid July to mid August." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2558-Distribution 2558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A species of the southern US and Mexico, occasionally found as far north as the Peace River region in the west and southern Quebec in the east (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2558-GeneralDescription 2558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Checkered White and the other two Pontia whites can be a challenge to identify. The Spring White (Pontia sisymbrii) is easiest to distinguish; the dark vein markings on the hindwing underside are not connected laterally, and it occurs only in montane woodlands and extreme northern Alberta. The Western and Checkered White (P. protodice) are more difficult to separate. Males of occidentalis are more heavily marked than protodice, particularly on the underside. Females of both species have heavier markings than the males, but these markings are brown in protodice, not charcoal or black. Another characteristic is found on the underside of the forewing apex: P. occidentalis has the dark submarginal band connected with dark markings along the veins to the wing margin, P. protodice has only pale yellow scales here.\nThere are no named subspecies.\n" 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2558-Habitat 2558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grasslands and meadows in the prairie and parkland regions. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2558-LifeCycle 2558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Guppy & Shepard (2001) summarize the appearance of the immature stages as follows: the egg is orange, and mature larvae are black dotted and bluish green to grey with a yellow dorsal, lateral and sublateral stripe. The pupa overwinters, and varies in colour from blue-grey to cream. The Checkered White is rare in Alberta, only occasionally appearing as a migrant from the southern U.S. There are no spring records for this species in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995), so it likely does not survive our winters (Scott 1986). Colonies are occasionally established for several years in southern Ontario north to the Ottawa Valley (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2558-TrophicStrategy 2558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts in Alberta are not known. They are likely to be a variety of wild and cultivated mustards (including cabbage and turnip), which are used as food plants elsewhere (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2332-Distribution 2332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northwestern North America (Morse, 1975)." 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2332-GeneralDescription 2332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are black. Forewings are without scales and are grey with dark brownish-grey venation. Male heads are covered with brown setae. The ventral base of the male clasper is lacking an acuminate ventral process (Morse, 1975)." 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2332-Habitat 2332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lakes. 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2332-TrophicStrategy 2332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on detritus and sponges. 11/4/02 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2333-Cyclicity 2333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from May to June. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2333-Distribution 2333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In the United States, east from Kentucky to New York. In Canada, east from Saskatchewan to Ontario and New Brunswick (Morse, 1975)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2333-GeneralDescription 2333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are chocolate brown with the base of the tarsi ringed with white (Ross, 1944). An acuminate ventral lobe is present at the base of the male clasper. The disto-dorso lobe is curved (Morse, 1975)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2333-Habitat 2333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lakes and generally streams that are fairly clear, rapid and cool (LaFontaine, 1981)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2333-LifeCycle 2333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Usually only one generation per year (LaFontaine, 1981)." 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2333-TrophicStrategy 2333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on detritus and sponges. 11/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2522-ConservationStatus 2522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2522-Cyclicity 2522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking from late June to mid August depending on habitat." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2522-Distribution 2522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Manitoba, south to Wyoming and South Dakota (Opler 1999)." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2522-GeneralDescription 2522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males of the Christina Sulphur can be recognized by the following characteristics: at least some bright orange on the upperside, but not extending all the way to the base of the forewing (as in C. meadii and C. canadensis), row of underside submarginal spots absent (usually) or weakly developed (rarely). Females are more difficult to identify with certainty because of the huge amount of variation they exhibit, both in ground colour (Orange, yellow, cream or white) and the extent of the dark border (nearly absent to well-developed). However, like the males, the underside spots are usually absent, and orange forms have a yellow forewing base. Our northern boreal populations are subspecies christina (Christina was described from northeastern Alberta), but designation of a subspecies to non-boreal populations remains uncertain (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2522-Habitat 2522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Most common in mountain meadows, also boreal pine woodlands and fescue grasslands." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2522-LifeCycle 2522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The mature larva is dark green with a white basal stripe, dashed with red behind each spiracle. Pupae are yellow-green with broad yellow stripe (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2522-TrophicStrategy 2522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval foodplants are presumed to include Buffalo Bean (Thermopsis rhombifolia) and Hedysarum sulphurescens in Alberta, since females lay eggs on these species (Bird et al. 1995). Other legume species are also likely hosts." 1/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2523-ConservationStatus 2523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Moderately rare. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2523-Cyclicity 2523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "This species has been collected in May, June and August." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2523-Distribution 2523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found on the northern central plains of United States, and on the prairie region of Canada. In Alberta this species is known from the southern third, and one locality near Flatbush, north of Edmonton." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2523-GeneralDescription 2523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the quadrimaculatus group, clypeus with two blunt median teeth. Pale yellowish brown, more or less piceous ventrally, elytra about middle with a transverse dark cloud (slightly metallic) which usually extends along the suture from base to apex; shoulder region and apex always pale; prothorax often with a similar cloud on dis; antennae entirely yellow. Elytron with 3 dorsal punctures adjacent to 3rd stria, anterior puncture large; 1 subhumeral fovea; and 2 preapical punctures. Length 3.3-4.0 mm." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2523-Habitat 2523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat On steep river banks of sand-mixed clay lacking vegetation. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2523-TrophicStrategy 2523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2524-ConservationStatus 2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2524-Cyclicity 2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from May to August and in October. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2524-Distribution 2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found throughout most of United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the southern three fifths. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2524-GeneralDescription 2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the integer group, with 3 dorsal punctures on elytra, the anterior adjacent to 3rd stria. Black, upper surface more or less metallic, antennae black or piceous with base paler, sometimes 2 segments, front legs black, the posterior from piceous to dark reddish, femora usually darker. Elytron with 3 subhumeral foveae and 2 preapical punctures. Length 2.7-4.2 mm." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2524-Habitat 2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On moist, clayish soil, at margin of fresh water, on bare spots between vegetation; at saline ponds." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2524-TrophicStrategy 2524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2525-ConservationStatus 2525 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2525-Cyclicity 2525 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta specimens were collected in June. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2525-Distribution 2525 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Alaska of the United States, and in eastern and western Canada. In Alberta this species is recorded from near Edmonton and in the extreme northeast corner of the province." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2525-GeneralDescription 2525 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the integer group, with 3 dorsal punctures on elytra, the anterior adjacent to 3rd stria. Black with slight metallic lustre, antennae and palps mainly piceous, legs dark rufo-piceous to black. Elytron with 1 subhumeral fovea and 1 preapical puncture. Length 2.6-2.9 mm." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2525-Habitat 2525 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Not riparian, but occurring on moist, peaty soil." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2525-TrophicStrategy 2525 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2526-ConservationStatus 2526 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2526-Cyclicity 2526 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Only a few specimens of this species have been collected in May. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2526-Distribution 2526 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found throughout most of United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is recorded from central and southern regions. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2526-GeneralDescription 2526 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the integer group, with 3 dorsal punctures on elytra, the anterior adjacent to 3rd stria. Dark brown to piceous, never quite black, often with faintest metallic lustre, prosternum and elytral epipleura paler, mouthparts and legs pale, antennae (except base) and at least pro-femora often darkened. Elytron with 3 subhumeral foveae and 2 preapical punctures. Length 2.6-3.2 mm." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2526-Habitat 2526 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Not strictly riparian, though occurring in the uppermost zone of river vanks." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2526-TrophicStrategy 2526 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2527-ConservationStatus 2527 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2527-Cyclicity 2527 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single Alberta specimen was collected in May. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2527-Distribution 2527 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from Minnesota and Wyoming in the United States, and from the prairie region of Canada. In Alberta the single specimen record is from the foothills in the south-central region." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2527-GeneralDescription 2527 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the integer group, with 3 dorsal punctures on elytra, the anterior adjacent to 3rd stria. Very similar to globulosus. Antennae slightly infuscated from 3rd segment, legs red, femora often darkened above. Length 2.5-3.2 mm." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2527-Habitat 2527 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open prairie, on rather dry soil with sparse vegetation and no water nearby." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2527-TrophicStrategy 2527 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2528-ConservationStatus 2528 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2528-Cyclicity 2528 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single Alberta specimen was collected in May. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2528-Distribution 2528 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from Michigan, Pennsylvania and South Dakota in United States, and in parts of Canada. In Alberta the single specimen record is from the southeastern region." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2528-GeneralDescription 2528 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the integer group, with 3 dorsal punctures on elytra, the anterior adjacent to 3rd stria. Very similar to globulosus. Antennae infuscated from the 2nd segment. The legs are dark reddish or piceous, femora more or less darkened above. Length 2.5-3.0 mm." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2528-Habitat 2528 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Not riparian, on firm soil with some detritus and short, sparse vegetation." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2528-TrophicStrategy 2528 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2443-ConservationStatus 2443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Currently not of concern, although flooding as a result of damming would reduce habitat." 11/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2443-Cyclicity 2443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two flights annually, peaking mid May to mid June and late July to August." 11/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2443-Distribution 2443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Dod's Old World Swallowtail occurs from the southern Kootenay River valley of southeastern BC and the Battle River valley of Alberta east to southeastern Saskatchewan, south into the adjacent U.S. (Sperling 1987, Guppy & Shepard 2001, Schmidt unpubl. data). The type specimens were collected near Dorothy, Alberta (Kondla 1981) by one of Alberta's foremost pioneer lepidopterists, F.H. Wolley Dod." 11/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2443-GeneralDescription 2443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "There are four taxa in this species group in Alberta, consisting of the Anise Swallowtail (P. zelicaon) and three subspecies of the Old World Swallowtail (P. machaon). The Anise Swallowtail occurs together with P. machaon throughout most of Alberta, and the following characters will distinguish these two species in most cases: the black pupil of the hindwing eyespot is connected to the wing margin or positioned below the red scales in P. machaon, compared to a centered, unconnected pupil in zelicaon. Occasionally, hybrid individuals displaying characters intermediate between P. m. dodi and P. zelicaon are found, while hybrids between other machaon subspecies and zelicaon can be quite common in some areas (Sperling 1987, 1990). Subspecies of P. machaon are best distinguished by location and habitat. P. m. pikei occurs in habitat similar to that of P. m. dodi, but is restricted to the Peace River grasslands. The Hudsonian Old World Swallowtail (P. m. hudsonianus) is a boreal forest species generally associated with sparsely wooded bogs. To add to the challenge in identifying members of this group, a black color form occurs rarely in populations of P. m. dodi (but not pikei or hudsonianus), in which adults have most of the yellow colouration replaced by black (Sperling 1987). This form more commonly occurs in the Anise Swallowtail (P. zelicaon) and hybrids between P. machaon and P. zelicaon. Differences in mitchondrial DNA also distinguish P. machaon from P. zelicaon (Sperling & Harrison 1994)." 11/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2443-Habitat 2443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat River valley badlands and eroding hillsides in prairie grasslands. 11/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2443-LifeCycle 2443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are yellow and spherical. First to third instar larvae are black with a white 'saddle', and resemble bird droppings. Mature larvae of P. m. dodi are bright green to blue-green with black bands and orange (very rarely yellow) segmental spots (Sperling 1987). Pupae are variegated brown or green and may overwinter more than once, possibly to avoid drought conditions in poor years (Bird et al. 1995). Adult males seek out hill tops or prominent ridge tops along river valleys to await females." 11/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2443-TrophicStrategy 2443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The only larval foodplant is Tarragon (=Dragonwort) (Artemisia dracunculus) (Sperling 1987). Adults take nectar at groundsel (Senecio spp.), hedysarum (Hedysarum spp.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (Bird et al. 1995)." 11/15/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2446-ConservationStatus 2446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2446-Cyclicity 2446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from May to September. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2446-Distribution 2446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northern United States and across Canada. In Alberta this species has been collected throughout the southern half and at two localities in the extreme north. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2446-GeneralDescription 2446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black, with more or less pronounced metallic lustre, usually greenish, sometimes brassy or bronzy, ocellate foveae often violaceous; tibiae almost constantly rufous. Punctuation of upper surfaec somewhat varying in density, notably on elytra, which as a rule have the smooth mirrors clearly developed in more than one row and often more or less confluent transversely. Side-margin of elytra moderately sinuate behind the shoulder. Post-femora at most with a single small seta dorsally near the tip. Head without central fovea. Male with three dilated protarsal segments. Length 7.1-8.6 mm." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2446-Habitat 2446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Hygrophilous; occurring on moist/wet soil on/near the border of standing or slowly running water. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2446-LifeCycle 2446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2446-TrophicStrategy 2446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2447-ConservationStatus 2447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2447-Cyclicity 2447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from May to September. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2447-Distribution 2447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in most of United States and Canada. In Alberta this species has been collected throughout the southern half and at one locality in the extreme north. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2447-GeneralDescription 2447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Very similar to americanus. It is generally broader with shorter elytra. Punctuation of upper surface denser and finer on prothorax. Side-margin of elytra with deep, abrupt sinuation behind the shoulder. Post-femora with several long, whitish hairs also on the flat dorsal side. Head without central fovea. Male with three dilated protarsal segments. Length 6.3-8.0 mm." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2447-Habitat 2447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Similar to that of americanus, but seems to prefer clay; on prairie at edge of saline water." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2447-TrophicStrategy 2447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2448-ConservationStatus 2448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2448-Cyclicity 2448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from May to September. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2448-Distribution 2448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in most of United States and Canada. In Alberta this species has been collected throughout the southern half and at one locality in the extreme north. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2448-GeneralDescription 2448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black, upper surface with varying metallic lustre, in part greenish, ocellate foveae of elytra sometimes violaceous, mirrors often pure black; tibiae, and sometimes part of femora, piceous or brown. Punctuation of entire upper surface irregular. Mirrors hardly elevated but more shiny than background. Head with deep central fovea between the eyes. Male with four dilated protarsal segments. Length 8.3-9.9 mm." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2448-Habitat 2448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Shores half-shaded, by trees/bushes/vegetation, with bare spots of mud or organic detritus between." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2448-LifeCycle 2448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species overwinters in the adult stage. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2448-TrophicStrategy 2448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2449-ConservationStatus 2449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Extremely rare in Alberta. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2449-Cyclicity 2449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected only in the month of July. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2449-Distribution 2449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northeastern United States and eastern half of Canada and with an isolated record from Alberta. In Alberta this species has been collected only at the single locality west of Edmonton. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2449-GeneralDescription 2449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Colored as clairvillei, though usually more greenish. Punctuation of the elytra very coarse, in part confluent; smooth mirrors strongly contrasting; pupillate foveae much larger than in clairvillei. Head with deep central fovea between the eyes. Male with four dilated protarsal segments. Length 9.5-10.3 mm." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2449-Habitat 2449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat On the banks of rivers and ponds; open places with sparse vegetation on wet sandy soil. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2449-TrophicStrategy 2449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2363-ConservationStatus 2363 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon species, at the extreme eastern edge of its range in western Alberta." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2363-Cyclicity 2363 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta there is a single record for late August. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2363-Distribution 2363 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring mainly west of the continental divide, from western Montana and western Colorado west to southern California, and north to the southern interior of British Columbia. A specimen from Banff is the only record for Alberta, and is apparently the only specimen known from east of the continental divide." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2363-GeneralDescription 2363 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "E. murdocki belongs to the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. It is a relatively small Euxoa species (wingspan 2.8-3.1 cm.). The forewing is rusty orange, crossed by a wide blue-grey median band, which incorporates the large blue-grey orbicular and reniform spots. The antemedian and postmedian lines are black, bordered by a mirror image in light brown. There is a dark grey-brown terminal band. Hindwings are light sooty-buff. The rusty-orange basal and subterminal area with the grey median area is a unique pattern among the Euxoa." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2363-Habitat 2363 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open montane pine and fir forest. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2363-LifeCycle 2363 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, which flies in late summer. Adults come to light." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2364-ConservationStatus 2364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread and fairly common species; no concerns. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2364-Cyclicity 2364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late July through August. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2364-Distribution 2364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From southwestern Saskatchewan west to the southern interior of BC, south to eastern central California and northern New Mexico and east to western North and South Dakota. In Alberta they have been collected in the arid grasslands region north to the Red Deer River." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2364-GeneralDescription 2364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Euxoa oblongistigma belongs to the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. They are medium-size (3.0-3.4 cm wingspan) grey-brown moths with lighter brown and black markings. The costa is evenly colored pale grey or buff. The orbicular is narrow and usually elongate, and the reniform is a rather narrow crescent; both are pale buff or grey brown like the costa. There is a long, thick prominent black basal streak connecting to the black claviform. The remainder of the wing is brown, darkest in the terminal area. The subterminal area has several lighter brown streaks crossing it, and usually a tan streak from below the orbicular almost to the anal angle. The hindwings are dirty white, darkening toward the outer margin in males and light smoky brown in females. Sexes similar. The pale buff costa and orbicular spot, the later lacking a white-rimmed dark center, and the prominent black basal streak will separate it from the similar E. olivalis and E. plagigera. In general a darker, less streaky or mottled moth than these otherwise similar species.\n" 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2364-Habitat 2364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands with sagebrush. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2365-ConservationStatus 2365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species; no concerns. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2365-Cyclicity 2365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from late June through mid August. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2365-Distribution 2365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From southern Saskatchewan south to west to south-central BC, south to southern California, northern Arizona and New Mexico. In Alberta, it has been collected in the mountains, parklands and grasslands, from just north of Jasper and the Red Deer area south." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2365-GeneralDescription 2365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "E. olivalis is a member of the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. They are medium-sized moths (3.0-3.4 cm wingspan) with brown or grey-brown forewings, longitudinally streaked with black, light grey and olive brown. The costa and cubital vein are contrasting light grey, especially near the base. The elongated orbicular spot and crescent shaped reniform are also outlined and partially filled with contrasting pale grey scales. There is a thin black basal line, and black scales outline the claviform spot and fill the cell before the orbicular and between the orbicular and reniform spots. The veins are mostly lined with black scales, and there is a series of basally pointing black arrowheads between the veins in the submarginal area. The terminal band is dark brown. There is usually a slightly paler olive or yellow-brown streak running from below the orbicular spot to the anal angle. Hindwings pale buff usually shading to smoky brown on the outer third; entirely brown in females and some males. Very similar to E. plagigera, and to a lesser extent to E. oblongistigma. The light grey or white cubital vein will separate most specimens of olivalis from these similar species. Questionable specimens may require dissecting for positive identification. Lafontaine has prepared useful keys to the detersa group (Lafontaine, 1981) and to the genus Euxoa (Lafontaine, 1987)." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2365-Habitat 2365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid sagebrush grasslands and open montane pine forest 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2365-LifeCycle 2365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single brood each year, with adults flying mainly in July. They are attracted to light." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2366-ConservationStatus 2366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species; no obvious concerns. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2366-Cyclicity 2366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late July and August. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2366-Distribution 2366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to south central BC, south to Montana, N. Dakota and Massachusettes. In Alberta, it has been found in dry open sandy pine forest through much of the Boreal forest region, north almost to Lake Athabasca. It has also been collected in old dune habitats in the northern part of the Aspen parklands east of Edgerton, and in the arid grasslands and southern foothills." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2366-GeneralDescription 2366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "E. perpolita belongs in the ridingsiana group of the subgenus Orosagrotis. They are medium-size moths (3.3-3.8 cm wingspan) with silky black or dark maroon forewings and smoky brown hindwings. Forewings are essentially unmarked, except for a usually indistinct black outline of the reniform and orbicular spots. The maroon form is most likely to be mistaken for dark specimens of Abagrotis brunneipennis, which may be found flying in the same habitat at the same time. Brunneipennis shares the same silky appearance, but usually has an indistinct paler terminal band, more rounded forewings, and darker hindwings." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2366-Habitat 2366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open dry woodlands, in particular in jackpine and aspen forest on sand." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2366-LifeCycle 2366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single brood each year, with the adults flying in late summer. They are attracted to light. The larvae have apparently never been described." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2366-TrophicStrategy 2366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy unknown. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2367-ConservationStatus 2367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon species, but no concerns." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2367-Cyclicity 2367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, adults have been collected in mid-August." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2367-Distribution 2367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western moth, in Canada found in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta. In Alberta, it has been found north to Dinosaur Provincial Park." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2367-GeneralDescription 2367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized moth (wingspan 3.5-3.8 cm). The forewings are pale grey-buff or yellowish buff. The antemedian and postmedian lines and the reniform spot are indistinctly marked in pale grey. The orbicular in some specimens is a pale buff dot, outlined with a few dark scales. The hindwings are pearl-white or pearl buff with darker veins and slightly darker toward the margin, darker in females than males. Overall a pale moth with no sharply contrasting markings. E. spumata is the only member of the punctigera group of the subgenus Euxoa known from Alberta." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2367-Habitat 2367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open prairie grassland. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2367-LifeCycle 2367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year, with the adults on the wing in late summer and early fall. The immature stages are unknown." 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2367-TrophicStrategy 2367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 11/6/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2494-Cyclicity 2494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens have been collected from May to July. 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2494-Distribution 2494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has been found throughout much of the United States (Froeschner 1988), while in Canada it has been recorded in Manitoba, Sakatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon (Maw et al. 2000). Found in Medicine Hat, Lethbridge (short-grass prairie), Calgary (short and long-grass prairie), and Edmonton (mixed aspen and spruce, 75% cleared)." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2494-GeneralDescription 2494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "6.5- 7.0 mm. In Alberta, species of the genus Phimodera are generally slightly smaller and darker in colour than other scutellerids (excepting Fokkeria producta). P. binotata and P. torpida are characterised by a broad X-shaped pattern on the pronotum and paired pale stripes on the leading edge of the scutellum, just below the pronotal angle. While both species of Phimodera in Alberta are quite similar, P. torpida is only known in the province from one record and is probably less likely to be encountered." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2494-Habitat 2494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Generally collected in sandy areas, sometimes under stones." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2494-LifeCycle 2494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little is known about the life history of this species, except that in Alberta, Strickland (1953) collected specimens ""repeatedly from under stones,"" while in other regions it has been found in sandy areas (McPherson 1982). Specimens in the Strickland collection have been collected between the months of May and July." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2494-TrophicStrategy 2494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Phytophagous 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2495-Distribution 2495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, there is only one known record of Phimodera torpida, collected in Tilley, near Medicine Hat in August 1940. P. torpida is also found in British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Colorado, Michigan and Utah (McPherson 1982)." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2495-GeneralDescription 2495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "6.5- 7.0 mm. In Alberta, species of the genus Phimodera are generally slightly smaller and darker in colour than other scutellerids (excepting Fokkeria producta). P. binotata and P. torpida are characterised by a broad X-shaped pattern on the pronotum and paired pale stripes on the leading edge of the scutellum, just below the pronotal angle. While both species of Phimodera in Alberta are quite similar, P. torpida is only known in the province from one record and is probably less likely to be encountered." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2495-TrophicStrategy 2495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Phytophagous 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2498-ConservationStatus 2498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This is the most common Scutellerid in Alberta. 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2498-Distribution 2498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Several subspecies in N. America. Two subfam. in Canada: H. aenifrons aenifrons from nw Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, and H. aenifrons consors from Saskatchewan to British Columbia, and north to the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska. In Alberta, H. aenifrons has been collected in Edmonton, Cypress Hills, Red Deer (50 % aspen grove), Athabaska, Cochrane foothills, Waterton, Banff and Nordegg (Strickland 1953)." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2498-GeneralDescription 2498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "7-9 mm. Both Homaemus aeneifrons and H. bijugis may possess paired eliptical patterning on the pronotum immediately behind the eyes, however H. aeneifrons typically lacks the distinct yellow submarginal stripes on the head which are characteristic of H. bijugis (though some faint striping may be present) (McPherson 1982). Additionally, H. aeneifrons is generally somewhat larger than H. bijugis." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2498-Habitat 2498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in weeds, sedges, swampy meadows as well as dry habitats." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2498-LifeCycle 2498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "These insects are believed to overwinter as adults, and are presumed to be univoltine in the northern part of their range (McPherson 1982)." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2498-TrophicStrategy 2498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Phytophaegous (food plants unknown, but judging by the extent of habitats in which it is found, it is likely a generalist feeder)." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2499-Distribution 2499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout the United States, while in Canada only known from British Columbia, Alberta (1 specimen in the Strickland Museum from Medicine Hat), Saskatchewan and Manitoba (McPherson 1982)." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2499-GeneralDescription 2499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "5.7-8 mm. Both Homaemus aenifrons and H. bijugis may possess paired eliptical patterning on the pronotum immediately behind the eyes, however H. aenifrons typically lacks the distinct yellow submarginal stripes on the head which are characteristic of H. bijugis (though some faint striping may be present) (McPherson 1982). Additionally, H. aenifrons is generally somewhat larger than H. bijugis." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2499-LifeCycle 2499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle It appears that this species overwinters as adults and is univoltine (McPherson 1982). 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2499-TrophicStrategy 2499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Phytophagous. This species has been collected from various plants, including timothy grass, alfalfa, wheat, prairie and blue-grass pastures at forest-edges, and on other grasses (McPherson 1982)." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2501-ConservationStatus 2501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 12/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2501-Cyclicity 2501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in May to July. 12/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2501-Distribution 2501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species ranges across most of United States and Canada, not quite reaching the Pacific in Canada. In Alberta this species is found only in the south east region." 12/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2501-GeneralDescription 2501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Paler than americanum and ovale. Head with M-shaped pale area, dark prothoracicalspot not touching margins, dark bands of elytra more restricted thanin americanum, only first interval dark in its entire length. Punctuation of head and prothorax less coarse than in americanum. Length 5.4 to 7.0 mm." 12/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2501-Habitat 2501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On barren, sandy or clayish lake-shores and banks of slow streams; close to water." 12/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2501-LifeCycle 2501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 12/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2501-TrophicStrategy 2501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 12/17/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2577-ConservationStatus 2577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2577-Cyclicity 2577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There is one brood annually, with peak flight activity in early to mid June." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2577-Distribution 2577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Roadside Skipper has a transcontinental distribution, found from coast to coast, north to Ft. Smith, NWT and south to Texas and Florida (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999). In Alberta it occurs in the boreal and parkland regions, but is restricted to riparian habitats in the prairie region (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2577-GeneralDescription 2577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The combination of the small size (22 - 25mm wingspan), dark brown colour with a frosted gray hindwing underside, and pale subapical forewing spots will serve to distinguish this species from other skippers in the province." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2577-Habitat 2577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in grassy clearings and along the edges of poplar forest. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2577-LifeCycle 2577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are round and creamy white (Bird et al. 1995). The larvae are pale green with paler green dots, and are covered with short downy hairs and a waxy secretion; the head is dull white with vertical reddish stripes (McCabe & Post 1977). Males establish territories in which they perch, and fly out to investigate other butterflies (Acorn 1993)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2577-TrophicStrategy 2577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host plant in Alberta is not known, although broad-leaf grasses are likely. Elsewhere, larvae feed on Blue Grass (Poa pratensis), bent grass (Agrostis spp.), and Spikegrass (Uniola latifolia) (Layberry et al. 1998). Eggs are laid on Beardgrass (Andropogon sp.) and bluegrass (Poa sp.) in Michigan (Nielsen 1999). Adults nectar at a variety of flowers and sip moisture at damp soil (Nielsen 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2578-ConservationStatus 2578 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Currently secure; Habitat susceptible to flooding due to dam construction. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2578-Cyclicity 2578 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, with most adults appearing early to mid July." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2578-Distribution 2578 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Delaware Skipper is found throughout the eastern United States, and reaches its northern range limits in southern Ontario and the southern prairie provinces (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999). In Alberta it is known from the major river valleys in the prairie ecoregion, north as far as the Drumheller area (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2578-GeneralDescription 2578 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The only other skipper to share the unmarked, bright orange upperside with a narrow dark border and unmarked under side is the European Skipper (Thymelicus lineola). The Delaware Skipper is, however, larger (25 - 35 mm wingspan) and has a more pointed forewing shape. Alberta populations are assigned to subspecies lagus (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2578-Habitat 2578 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Shrubby ravines, valley bottoms and coulees of the short-grass prairies." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2578-LifeCycle 2578 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are hemispherical with two reddish rings, and are laid on blades of grass (Bird et al. 1995). The bluish-white larva is covered with minute black bumps, with a black band near the posterior end (Layberry et al. 1998). Adult males perch on shrubs such as buckbrush (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) (McCabe & Post 1977). In North Dakota, females of the nominate subspecies fly among clumps of big bluestem and lay four to five eggs per grass clump (McCabe & Post 1977)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2578-TrophicStrategy 2578 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplants in Alberta are not known. In other parts of its range, larvae feed on wooly beardgrass (Erianthus sp.), panic grass (Panicum spp.) big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and little bluestem (Schizachyrium spp.) (Bird et al. 1995, Layberry et al. 1998). Adults nectar at thistles (Cirsium spp.), milkweed (Asclepias spp.) and skeleton-weed (Lygodesmia spp.) (Bird et al. 1995), and sip moisture at mud (Nielsen 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2529-ConservationStatus 2529 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Moderately common. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2529-Cyclicity 2529 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "This species has been collected in May, July and August." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2529-Distribution 2529 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This introduced species has a rather disjunct distribtion across the northern United States and most of Canada. In Alberta this species in known only from the Edmonton area. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2529-GeneralDescription 2529 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is the only species of Clivina that occurs in Alberta. Similar to Dyschirius in habitus, but larger. Piceous or brown, head and elytra often reddish, antennae and legs bright red. First pro-tarsal segment with dentiform prominence. Basal lateral tooth of pro-tibia rudimentary or disappeared. Last abdominal sternitemoderately shiny, not dull. Length 5.5-6.5 mm." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2529-Habitat 2529 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On cultivated, usually clayish soil." 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2529-LifeCycle 2529 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2529-TrophicStrategy 2529 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/22/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2544-ConservationStatus 2544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2544-Cyclicity 2544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, with peak flight activity from late June to late July." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2544-Distribution 2544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska south to northern Ontario, southern Manitoba, and northwestern Wyoming (Opler 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2544-GeneralDescription 2544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Most similar to the Pink-edged Sulphur (C. interior), but gigantea is larger (forewing length 26 - 32 mm, compared to 22 - 27 mm), with a larger discal spot and often with a more pronounced satellite spot. The shape of the forewing is also more rounded. Boreal region populations are subspecies mayi, while those from the Crowsnest Pass region southward are slightly smaller and are considered supspecies harroweri (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2544-Habitat 2544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Fens, bogs and wet meadows." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2544-LifeCycle 2544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are undescribed. It is believed that larvae overwinter (Bird et al. 1995). The wet, shrubby areas inhabited by this species means it is not often observed, but road allowances through fens and bogs with regenerating willows are good places to look for this insect." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2544-TrophicStrategy 2544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae feed on willows (Layberry et al. 1998). There are no published reports of adult feeding behaviour. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2553-ConservationStatus 2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Undetermined status, likely an occasional stray." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2553-Cyclicity 2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One Annual brood, flying in August." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2553-Distribution 2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern half of BC south to California and New Mexico (Opler1999). There are only a few records for Alberta, all originating prior to 1923 from the Banff area (Bird et al. 1995). It is possible that these specimens represent occasional strays from adjacent areas of BC, and that this is not a resident species in Alberta." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2553-GeneralDescription 2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "No other white has the black leading forewing edge, joined to the black mark at the end of the discal cell. Of the described subspecies, Canadian populations have been assigned to menapia (Bird et al. 1995, Layberry et al. 1998), but more recent treatments suggest the most appropriate name for our populations is tau (Austin 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2553-Habitat 2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, montane woodlands." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2553-LifeCycle 2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs overwinter after they are laid at the base of conifer needle clumps. They are bright green and flask-shaped with longitudinal ridges (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Mature larvae are dark green with a white dorsal and lateral stripe, and have short tails a t the posterior end (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The Pine White has occasional population outbreaks, and larvae can cause severe defoliation of conifers (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults spend a good deal of time among the uppermost branches of conifers, and descend to nectar at flowers, particularly in the morning and evening (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2553-TrophicStrategy 2553 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No information is available for Alberta populations. In BC, larvae feed on conifers in the Pinaceae, including Amabilis fir, Douglas-fir, lodgepole-, white- and ponderosa pine, and western hemlock (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2554-ConservationStatus 2554 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2554-Cyclicity 2554 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight occurs between mid June to mid July. Possibly a late summer brood in southern mountains. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2554-Distribution 2554 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northwestern BC south to California and New Mexico (Opler 1999). In Alberta, this species is restricted to the mountains and foothills, with a disjunct population in the Cypress Hills along the Saskatchewan border (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2554-GeneralDescription 2554 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Closely resembles the spring form of the Mustard White (P. oleracea), but the dark markings along the hindwing underside veins are broad, diffuse, and greyish-green, not well-marked, narrow and dark green as in oleracea. These two species occur together only in the foothills region. Layberry et al. (1998) assign our populations to subspecies marginalis, but Guppy & Shepard (2001) restrict this taxon to the west coast region, and assign Alberta populations to subspecies reicheli. The taxonomy of this difficult group undoubtedly requires further research." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2554-Habitat 2554 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Meadows and open woodlands of the mountain region. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2554-LifeCycle 2554 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The pale yellow eggs are conical with longitudinal ridges, and mature larvae are an even, unmarked green (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The pupae overwinter, and are dark green to buff-coloured (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The Margined White is single-brooded throughout most of Alberta, possibly double-brooded in the Waterton / West Castle region. This subspecies is double-brooded throughout southern BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2554-TrophicStrategy 2554 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "There are no larval foodplants records for this species in Alberta. In BC, larvae feed on a number of native crucifers (Brassicaeae), including Arabis, Dentaria, and Cardamine (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2555-ConservationStatus 2555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2555-Cyclicity 2555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two broods, flying in June and again in late July to August." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2555-Distribution 2555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout Canada from Newfoundland west to the western Northwest Territories, and in the northeastern United States (Opler 1999). In Alberta, this species is restricted to the boreal and foothills region (Bird et al. 1995). There is an outlying population in the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan, but it has not been found on the Alberta side (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2555-GeneralDescription 2555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species and the Margined White (P. marginalis) are very similar. The Mustard White has well-marked, narrow and dark green markings along the veins of the hindwing underside, not broad, diffuse, and greyish-green as in marginalis. The second (summer) brood of
oleracea
often has these markings faint or absent. These two species occur together only in the foothills region. Alberta populations are the nominate subspecies (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2555-Habitat 2555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist mixed-wood forest. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2555-LifeCycle 2555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are conical and yellow, with longitudinal ridges. Mature larvae are green with a dark dorsal stripe and numerous blacks dots. They are covered with short, dense hairs (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Pupae have dorsal and apical projections, and vary in colour from pale green to white to brown (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2555-TrophicStrategy 2555 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplants are unknown in Alberta. In BC, Mustard Whites feed on wild mustards (Brassicaceae) such as rock cress (Arabis spp.) (Guppy & Shepard 2001). In the right habitat, females will also lay eggs on cultivated mustards such as cabbage (Hooper 1973). Adults will also nectar at flowers of mustards (Nielsen 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2556-ConservationStatus 2556 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2556-Cyclicity 2556 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Occurs in multiple generations from April into September. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2556-Distribution 2556 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Cabbage White was introduced from Europe to Quebec in the 1860's (Layberrry et al. 1998), and has since spread over all of North America with the exception of the Arctic and some of the extreme southern parts of the U.S. (Opler 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2556-GeneralDescription 2556 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is the only species of white which has both unmarked hindwing undersides and at least one black spot on the forewing upperside and the leading edge of the hindwing upperside. Royal Alberta Museum page" 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2556-Habitat 2556 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ubiquitous throughout the province, particularly near agricultural habitats." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2556-LifeCycle 2556 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Like other Pieris species, the eggs are yellow and conical, with longitudinal ridges. Mature larvae are green with a pale dorsal stripe, and pupae range in colour from brown to green (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The first Cabbage Whites usually emerge in late April from hibernating pupae. There are usually three generations per year in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995). Up to four occur in southern BC, with development time of each generation varying from 4 to 8 weeks according to temperature (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2556-TrophicStrategy 2556 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae sometimes reach pest status on cultivated mustards such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and canola. A large number of Brassicaceae have been recorded as hosts, particularly introduced, weedy species (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2545-ConservationStatus 2545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2545-Cyclicity 2545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight annually, peaking in early July to early August." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2545-Distribution 2545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Pink-edged Sulphur is a typical boreal species, occuring from the eastern seaboard west to BC south to Oregon and Montana. In the eastern US, it is found only in the northermost states (Opler 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2545-GeneralDescription 2545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Can be confused with small specimens of the Giant Sulphur (C. gigantea), but interior has a smaller underside discal spot, and the overall shape of the forewings is more rounded than pointy. In the mountains where the Pink-edged occurs together with the Pelidne, the pink wing fringe of interior is more pronounced, and the under- and upper side is not strongly suffused with black scales as in Pelidne." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2545-Habitat 2545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open woodlands (particularly pine) with a blueberry understory. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2545-LifeCycle 2545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Immature stages of the western populations are not known, but in the east, eggs turn orange (greenish yellow) soon after being laid. Mature larvae are dark yellowish-green with a dark dorsal stripe and a white and red lateral stripe (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Larvae hibernate." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2545-TrophicStrategy 2545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds on blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) (Layberry et al. 1998), but it has not been reared in Alberta." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23966-Cyclicity 23966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late June through mid August, with the peak in July." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23966-Distribution 23966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic; widespread in North America, from Newfoundland south to North Carolina, north to the Northwest Territories and west to British Columbia; also in Eurasia." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23966-GeneralDescription 23966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large (4.5 - 6 cm wingspan) olive or yellow-green, brown and white moth. The basal area and the upper postmedian areas are mottled white. The green coloring changes considerably depending on light and the age of specimens, but in fresh specimens and live ones it occurs in wide, longitudinal stripes. The orbicular and reniform spot are large, filled with brown or olive, and outlined in black, the reniform with a double outline. The hindwings are sooty brown with a diffuse lighter brown terminal band. Sexes similar, antennae simple. Related species of Anaplectoides are grey and brown, without any green." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23966-Habitat 23966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It occurs in wooded areas. In Alberta it is most often collected in the parklands, southern boreal forest and mountains." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23966-LifeCycle 23966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood in Alberta. They overwinter as partly grown larvae. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23966-TrophicStrategy 23966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A general feeder on forbs, shrubs, and other low-growing plants (Wagner, unpub.). Jones (1951) stated that in autumn they feed on low plants, including Rumex, and in spring on shoots of willow and Vaccinium sp. Other reported hosts include Rubus sp., Poplar, Ribes, Malus, and Vaccinium." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2450-ConservationStatus 2450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2450-Cyclicity 2450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected in May and June. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2450-Distribution 2450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species if found in Alaska and northen Canada. In Alberta this species has only been collected in the south central foothills region. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2450-GeneralDescription 2450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black with metallic lustre, upper surface dull from dense microsculpture; much varying in color, from almost balck to bluish, green, coppery, or golden; ocellate foveae not contrasting. Head without central fovea. Male with four dilated protarsal segments. Length 7.8-11.2 mm." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2450-Habitat 2450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Hygrophilous, and dependent upon cold water; often around wells and trickles, with mosses." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2450-LifeCycle 2450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species overwinters in the adult stage. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2450-TrophicStrategy 2450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2451-ConservationStatus 2451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2451-Cyclicity 2451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from May to July. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2451-Distribution 2451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in the western half of United States and Canada (including Ontario). In Alberta this species is found in the southern half. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2451-GeneralDescription 2451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black, with brassy or greenish, rarely coppery, lustre, strongest on legs; upper surface, except mirrors, dull from dense punctation and microsculpture; tibiae rufous. Head without central fovea. Male with three dilated protarsal segments. Length 7.5-9.9 mm." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2451-Habitat 2451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Confined to alkaline lakes and ponds; near margin on bare mud or depressed mats of grass. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2451-LifeCycle 2451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Probably overwinters in the adult stage. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2451-TrophicStrategy 2451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2452-ConservationStatus 2452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Moderately common. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2452-Cyclicity 2452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has only been collected in June. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2452-Distribution 2452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in the northern United States, and most of Canada. In Alberta this species if found in the central third." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2452-GeneralDescription 2452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black, upper surface greenish, often with bluish or purplish reflection, legs entirely rufous. Punctation of entire upper surface denser, finer and more regular than in clairvillei, mirrors little pronounced. Head with deep central fovea between the eyes. Male with four dilated protarsal segments." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2452-Habitat 2452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Confined to the borders of small eutrophic waters, with bare spots between rich vegetation." 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2452-LifeCycle 2452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2452-TrophicStrategy 2452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 12/4/02 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2467-ConservationStatus 2467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Moderately common. 12/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2467-Cyclicity 2467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in May, June, August and October." 12/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2467-Distribution 2467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in western United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the central third and one isolated locality further north near the B.C. border. 12/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2467-GeneralDescription 2467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black, upper surface dark bronze, sometimes with very slight greenish tinge, seldom purplish. Legs with viridescent lustre, femora and tibiae testaceous with dark tips; sometimes femora darkend along the entire narrow anterior margin, but their dorsal side always more or less pale even in apical half. Entire upper surface with dense, fine punctation. Head without central fovea. Male with three dilated protarsal segments. Length 6.3-6.8 mm." 12/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2467-Habitat 2467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Usually on silt near the banks of rivers, some distance from the water, where the surface is dry." 12/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2467-TrophicStrategy 2467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 12/5/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2491-Cyclicity 2491 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, this species has been collected from June to August." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2491-Distribution 2491 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "E. alternata is found throughout the continental United States south to New Mexico and north through much of Canada, even reaching the Northwest Territories (Maw et al. 2000). Within Alberta, this species has been taken near Cypress Hills (partly treed plateau, up to 4,800 feet), Medicine Hat, Lethbridge (short-grass prairie), Calgary (short and long-grass prairie), Beaverlodge (mixed northern forest and parkland), and Cochrane (foothills) (Strickland 1953)." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2491-GeneralDescription 2491 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "7.5- 9.5 mm. The genus Eurygaster is easily told from other Albertan genera by its narrow scutellum which exposes the hemylytra for its entire length. Both E. alternata and E. amerinda are similar in appearance, although E. alternata is somewhat smaller and is generally found in wetter habitats (McPherson 1982). Colour and patterning in both species can be quite variable." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2491-Habitat 2491 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prefers moist habitats. Associated with swampy areas and hedges (McPherson 1983). 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2491-LifeCycle 2491 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species has been preyed upon by lizards, birds, and asilid flies, and is used in nest provisioning by the astatid wasp Dryudella montana (Cresson) (McPherson 1982).\n" 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2491-TrophicStrategy 2491 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Phytophagous 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2493-Distribution 2493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has only been recorded in Alberta and Colorado (Froeschner 1988), though it is likely found elsewhere as well. There is only one specimen of F. producta in the Strickland Museum, taken in Medicine Hat in March 1929 (Strickland 1952)." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2493-GeneralDescription 2493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "F. producta is considerably smaller than most other shield bugs found in Alberta, and can be told from other species by its dark, rather conical head and its less angular, more oval pronotum." 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2493-LifeCycle 2493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle No information available. This species is rare and not likely to be encountered. 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2493-TrophicStrategy 2493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Phytophagous 12/13/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2502-ConservationStatus 2502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2502-Cyclicity 2502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only records are from June. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2502-Distribution 2502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Alaska and western United States, and in western Canada. In Alberta this species is only recorded from one locality southof Grande Pairie." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2502-GeneralDescription 2502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black, with faint bronze lustre, elytra sometimes dark piceous towards the sides and apex, tibiae, mandibles and palpi more or less piceous. Prothorx with sides strongly sinuate before the almost rectangular hind angles. Elytra with three foveae on 4th interval, and usually one to two on 7th interval. Length 6.7-8.1 mm." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2502-Habitat 2502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs in the vicinity of fresh water, often found among grass and moss in open positions." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2502-LifeCycle 2502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2502-TrophicStrategy 2502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2503-ConservationStatus 2503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2503-Cyclicity 2503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from May to October. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2503-Distribution 2503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in norther United States, and across Canada. In Alberta this species is recorder from most of the province." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2503-GeneralDescription 2503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black, usually with pronounced, often greenish or bluish lustre, elytra commonly more or less rufinistic, tibiae, mandibles and palpi more or less pale. Prothorx with sides less, or not at all, sinuate posteriorly, hind angles obtuse or rounded. Elytra with three foveae on 4th interval (exceptionally with one on 7th interval of one elytron, but not both). Length 7.0-8.5 mm." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2503-Habitat 2503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Hygrophilous, usually at fresh, often standing water, on rich soil, more or less shaded." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2503-LifeCycle 2503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2503-TrophicStrategy 2503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2504-ConservationStatus 2504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, a widespread, usually common species." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2504-Cyclicity 2504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, the peak flight period occurring from early June to early July." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2504-Distribution 2504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Canadian Tiger Swallowtail occurs through most of Canada and Alaska (but not in the high arctic), south to the northern tier of the U.S. (Opler 1999)." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2504-GeneralDescription 2504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Throughout most of Alberta, there are no species that can be confused with the Canadian Tiger Swallowtail. The large size (85 - 100mm wingspan) and black stripe through the middle of the hindwing distinguish it from the Old World and Anise Swallowtails (P. machaon and P. zelicaon). In the extreme southern part of the province, from the Crowsnest region south and east to the Saskatchewan border, three other Swallowtails could be encountered that are superficially similar. The Two-tailed Swallowtail (P. multicaudatus) is larger (wingspan usually over 100mm), has narrower black stripes, and has two rather than one tail per hindwing. Pale or faded female P. canadensis are similar to the Pale Swallowtail (P. eurymedon), but the black stripes of P. eurymedon are much broader, and the ground colour of eurymedon is white or creamy white, never pale yellow. A third species may be present in the Waterton - Crowsnest area, the Western Tiger Swallowtail (P. rutulus), which has yellow rather than red spots along the margin of the hindwing underside. No subspecies are currently recognized.\nRoyal Alberta Museum page" 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2504-Habitat 2504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreal forests and parkland aspen groves, local in the prairie grasslands." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2504-LifeCycle 2504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are smooth, green and round (Bird et al. 1995). Early instar larvae resemble bird droppings, while mature larvae are velvety green with a pair of eyespots and a yellow and black stripe on the mid-thoracic segment (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Pupae overwinter, and are light brown with a darker brown lateral stripe (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Males patrol along forest edges to search for females, often along the canopy or subcanopy of aspen woods, and sip moisture at mud and sand." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2504-TrophicStrategy 2504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on willows (Salix spp.), Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) and cultivated crab apple (Malus spp.). Adults nectar at a wide variety of flowers, particularly dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), cultivated lilacs, dogbane (Apocynum spp.) and Labrador Tea (Ledum groenlandicum) (Hooper 1973)." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2506-ConservationStatus 2506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of limited distribution in the province. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2506-Cyclicity 2506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood yearly, with peak flight activity in July." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2506-Distribution 2506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern BC and extreme southwestern Alberta south to New Mexico and California (Opler 1999). Rare in Alberta, occuring from the Crowsnest Pass region southward along the mountains (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2506-GeneralDescription 2506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Faded specimens of P. canadensis or P. rutulus can be similar to the Pale Swallowtail, but the black stripes of P. eurymedon are much broader, and the ground colour is white or creamy white, never yellow. No subspecies are currently recognized." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2506-Habitat 2506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Along waterways and montane forest edges. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2506-LifeCycle 2506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is yellowish green, round and smooth, developing a pink tinge along the sides several days after being laid (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Larvae are similar to those of other species in the tiger swallowtail group (Layberry et al. 1998); young larvae are black with a white saddle, resembling bird droppings, while mature larvae are bright green with a whitish underside, and have a pair of yellow and black eyespots on the mid-thoracic segment (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The pupae are green or brown, with darker longitudinal lines (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adult males patrol forest edges and watercourses in search of females, and (unlike the other tiger swallowtails) also congregate at hilltops to await females (Layberry et al. 1998). Males form mud-puddling congregations (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2506-TrophicStrategy 2506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval food plant is unknown in Alberta. It is most likely one or more shrub species in the rose (Rosaceae), birch (Betulaceae) or buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) family. In BC, larvae feed on cultivated apple (Malus spp.), Red Alder (Alnus rubra), birch (Betula spp.), tea bush (Ceanothus sanguineus), Ocean Spray (Holodiscus discolor), and Cherry (Prunus emerginata) (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2507-ConservationStatus 2507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Moderately common. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2507-Cyclicity 2507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected from May to August. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2507-Distribution 2507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found on the central plains of United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found only in the southeastern region. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2507-GeneralDescription 2507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Big, flat, black beetles with immense head and broad prothorax. Sides of head, prothorax and elytra more or less violaceous. Elytra more or less smooth, striae absent or replaced by rows of shallow punctures; no dorsal or apical punctures; 7th interval present as a carina behind the humeral angle; base margined. Length 21-28 mm." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2507-Habitat 2507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On open, dry, sandy prairie with low vegetation, usually under stones or other cover." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2507-TrophicStrategy 2507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2559-ConservationStatus 2559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2559-Cyclicity 2559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, with peak flight activity between early and late June." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2559-Distribution 2559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily a species of the western mountainous regions, occuring from the Yukon south into northern Mexico (Opler 1999). The northern populations (Yukon, NWT, northern B.C. and northern AB) are geographically isolated from those further south." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2559-GeneralDescription 2559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Spring White (Pontia sisymbrii) is the easiest species to distinguish of the three Pontia whites; the dark vein markings on the hindwing underside are not connected laterally, and it occurs only in montane woodlands and extreme northern Alberta. Females have a yellow flush to them, unlike the Western and Checkered Whites. Alberta populations are the nominate subspecies. Mountain populations are referable to subspecies flavitincta, and our northern boreal populations are the recently-described subspecies beringiensis Guppy & Kondla (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2559-Habitat 2559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open, often rocky conifer woodlands." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2559-LifeCycle 2559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are conical and elongated, and turn orange soon after they are laid (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Mature larvae have black lateral line and are light yellow with yellow bands separating the segments dorsally and laterally (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Puape are dark brown with darker spots, and have a rough texture (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2559-TrophicStrategy 2559 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larval food plants are not known in Alberta. In BC, females lay eggs on wild mustard (Arabis sp.) (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2560-ConservationStatus 2560 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern; a very rare stray. 1/23/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2560-Cyclicity 2560 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Should be watched for in late summer (Bird et al. 1995). 1/23/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2560-Distribution 2560 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Breeding resident throughout South and Central America north to the southernmost U.S., migrating and colonizing northward occasionally as far north as southern Canada (Opler 1999). The only Alberta specimen was collected by Art Rupp in Didsbury during the 1940s (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/23/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2560-GeneralDescription 2560 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The pattern of the black forewing border, resembling a dog's (poodle's?) face, is unmistakable. While flying, however, this species resembles the Common Sulphur (Colias philodice) (Nielsen 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2560-Habitat 2560 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A rare stray in Alberta, most likely to be encountered in the southern third of the province." 1/23/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2560-LifeCycle 2560 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are green or yellow with hairy, black tubercles and a combination of black and yellow stripes and / or black and yellow bands (Layberry et al. 1998). This species is not able to overwinter in Canada, and occurs only as a rare stray (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/23/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2560-TrophicStrategy 2560 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on many species of legumes (Opler 1999). 1/23/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2561-ConservationStatus 2561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2561-Cyclicity 2561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The species was collected in June and September. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2561-Distribution 2561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in the northern United States and in most of Canada. In Alberta this species has been collected in the central region in the mountains near the B.C. border, and in the northern half near the Saskatchewan border." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2561-GeneralDescription 2561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body clearly pedunculate, with scutellum partly visible. Entire upper surface almost constantly metallic, very shiny (without microsculpture). Piceous or brown, upper surface usually with brassy reflection, antennae, mouthparts and legs reddish brown. Elytra with 4 small foveae on each side of the constricted base. Length 6.2-9.8 mm." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2561-Habitat 2561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Xerophilous, occurring on sandy moraine, with or without trees, and with thin vegetation." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2561-TrophicStrategy 2561 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2562-ConservationStatus 2562 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Moderately rare. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2562-Cyclicity 2562 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only specimen was collected in May. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2562-Distribution 2562 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in northern and western United States, and in most of Canada. In Alberta the single record is from just northwest of Edmonton." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2562-GeneralDescription 2562 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head flat, coarsely punctate; prothorax with 2 lateral setae near anterior angle; 3rd intervalof elytron with 1-2 dorsal punctures. Piceous to almost black, appendages reddish brown. Length 5.5-6.2 mm." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2562-Habitat 2562 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Recorded from under bark of western larch and western hemlock. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2562-TrophicStrategy 2562 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2564-ConservationStatus 2564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2564-Distribution 2564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in northwestern United States and western Canada. In Alberta, this species was recorded by Lindroth only from the south west corner. The Strickland Museum currently does not have any specimens from Alberta." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2564-GeneralDescription 2564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the chalybeus group, with large head and short elytra, each eltron with at least 4 complete, punctate striae, elytra more or less iridescent. Microsculpture on disc of prothorax more open than in chalybeus, therefore disc lacks iridescence. Prothorax more cordate than in any other species in the group, hind angles more or less denticulate. Outer elytral striae better developed, 5th complete, or nearly so. Length 3.7-4.3 mm." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2564-Habitat 2564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In moderately dense, usually mixed forests, with pronounced, slightly moist humus layer." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2564-TrophicStrategy 2564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2568-ConservationStatus 2568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2568-Cyclicity 2568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been colllectd in June. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2568-Distribution 2568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northeastern United States and not quite across Canada. In Alberta this species is known only from the single locality west of Fox Creek. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2568-GeneralDescription 2568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Easily distinguished on the increased number of setigerous punctures: 3-4 laterally in anterior half of prothorax and 11-12 on 3rd elytral interval.Similar to Patrobus in habitus, but head with neck more constricted and eyes more prominent. Dark rufous, appendages paler, elytra slightly dull. Lenght about 11 mm." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2568-TrophicStrategy 2568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2569-ConservationStatus 2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2569-Cyclicity 2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from June to September. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2569-Distribution 2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in most of United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the southern half. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2569-GeneralDescription 2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Largest member in the genus, at once separated from the other species by the impunctate deeply engraved anterior transverse impression which reaches the front angles of the prothorax. Piceous to almost black, very shiny, mouthparts paler, legs bright rufous or testaceous. Elytra slightly iridescent, microsculpture transverse. Length 9.2-14.8 mm." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2569-Habitat 2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Meadows in deciduos forests; cultivated ground with rich vegetation; near margin of water. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2569-LifeCycle 2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the larval stage. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2569-TrophicStrategy 2569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2570-ConservationStatus 2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2570-Cyclicity 2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from May to August. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2570-Distribution 2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found on the central plain of northern United States, and across most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the souther three quarters." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2570-GeneralDescription 2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black or dark piceous, legs unicolorous, bright rufous, and antennae and mouthparts somewhat paler. Anterior transverse impression of prothorax often sharp at middle, but obsolete laterally, impunctate. Sides of prothorax broadly relexed towards the abse but without defined bead and little sinuate, hind angles denticulate. Elytral microsculpture transverse. Length 8.5-12.5 mm." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2570-Habitat 2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Often confined to the borders of standing water, where soil is firm, and vegetation present." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2570-LifeCycle 2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the larval stage. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2570-TrophicStrategy 2570 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2571-ConservationStatus 2571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2571-Cyclicity 2571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in June and July. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2571-Distribution 2571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in western United States and western Canada. In Alberta this species is known only from the extreme south. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2571-GeneralDescription 2571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black or dark piceous, all appendages more or less paler, piceous to brown, but femora almost constantly darkened and legs never bright rufous. Prothorax more cordate than in lecontei, with sides more sinuate before hind angles; lateral reflection narrower but with pronounced raised bead. Anterior transverse impression entirely impunctate, not completely diappeared at middle, laterally barely suggest, as in lecontei. Elytral microsculpture isodiametric, or nearly so. Length 8.3-11.5 mm." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2571-Habitat 2571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Similar to lecontei and near water, often on sterile mud, soil or gravel." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2571-LifeCycle 2571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Probably overwinters in the larval stage. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2571-TrophicStrategy 2571 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2572-ConservationStatus 2572 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2572-Cyclicity 2572 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from May to September. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2572-Distribution 2572 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Alaska and Wyoming, and northeastern Unites States, and most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found throughout the province." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2572-GeneralDescription 2572 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to fossifrons, differing in the following points: more slender, especially prothorax; tibiae usually darker, at least in outer half; prothorax with longer, almost parallel-sided constriction at base, anterior transverse impression, often entirely diappeared, impunctate; and elytral microsculpture clearly transverse. Elytral microsculpture transverse. Length 8.3-12 mm." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2572-Habitat 2572 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Borders of standing and slow running water, on soil often peaty and dense vegetation present." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2572-LifeCycle 2572 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the both larval (predominant) and adult stages. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2572-TrophicStrategy 2572 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2573-ConservationStatus 2573 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2573-Cyclicity 2573 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in June and July. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2573-Distribution 2573 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northwestern and northeastern United States and most of Canada. In Alberta this species is only known from the central region. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2573-GeneralDescription 2573 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Piceous to almost black, elytra often more or less rufinistic. Prothorax with complete anterior transverse impression, coarsely punctate. Elytral microsculpture isodiametric. Length 8.2-11.7 mm." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2573-Habitat 2573 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Border of lakes, ponds and slow streams, on more or less clayishground with grass and veg." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2573-LifeCycle 2573 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2573-TrophicStrategy 2573 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2574-ConservationStatus 2574 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2574-Cyclicity 2574 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from May to September. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2574-Distribution 2574 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Alaska and Colorado, and northeastern Unites States, and most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found throughout the province." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2574-GeneralDescription 2574 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "From dark piceous to rufous, legs usually slightly paler. Prothorax with anterior transverse impression obsolete at middle, coarsely punctate, but prolonged laterally to front angles. Elytral microsculpture nearly effaced, isodiametric. Length 8.0-11.6 mm." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2574-Habitat 2574 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs usually on slightly shades places, in leaf litter; records from above tree line." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2574-LifeCycle 2574 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2574-TrophicStrategy 2574 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2575-ConservationStatus 2575 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2575-Cyclicity 2575 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected from May to October. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2575-Distribution 2575 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northwestern United States and western Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the southern half. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2575-GeneralDescription 2575 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Black, elytra often rufinistic, and only tarsi, extreme tip of palps and extreme base of outer antennal segemnts paler, piceous. Elytra parallel-sided, microsculpture strong, nearly granulate at base. Male with meta-trochanters more or less pointed, about half as long as femora." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2575-Habitat 2575 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Among gravel near the edge of rapidly running brooks and rivers, at lower elevations." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2575-LifeCycle 2575 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2575-TrophicStrategy 2575 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2576-ConservationStatus 2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2576-Distribution 2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Alaska and Montana in the United States, and in western Canada. In Alberta this species is known only from the single specimen taken near Drayton Valley." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2576-GeneralDescription 2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Characterized by small eyes and consequently long genae. Rufous, head darker. Elytra dull from strong, isodiametric microsculpture, 3rd interval with 3 dorsal punctures." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2576-Habitat 2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On barren river banks among gravel and stones, near the water, at moderate elevations." 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2576-LifeCycle 2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Probably overwinters in both larval and adult stages. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2576-TrophicStrategy 2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2587-ConservationStatus 2587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/03 0:00 2/28/13 14:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2587-Cyclicity 2587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies in even-numbered years, with peak activity from early July to early August." 1/27/03 0:00 2/28/13 14:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2587-Distribution 2587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Hesperia comma manitoba occurs throughout most of the boreo-montane region of western Canada, south to Montana and Washington state (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Sheppard 2001). Nominate H. comma (L.) was originally described from Europe, and as such the Common Branded Skipper is considered to range from northern Africa across Eurasia into North America, and south to California." 1/27/03 0:00 2/28/13 14:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2587-GeneralDescription 2587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Distinguishing species of the genus Hesperia can be a challenge even to the experienced lepidopterist; differences in wing markings are subtle, and are best appreciated by looking at series of individuals from any given locality. The Common Branded Skipper can usually be separated from the Plains Skipper (H. assiniboia) and the Nevada Skipper (H. nevada) by habitat, since both of the latter species are primarily prairie inhabitants; The Nevada Skipper can also be distinguished by its larger size, pale greenish underside ground colour, and by the ventral hindwing maculation: the spot nearest the abdomen is more or less in line with the adjacent spots in H. comma, whereas this spot is offset towards the wing base in H. nevada. Additional characters that distinguish comma include the darker underside ground colour and a 'stubbier' forewing shape. H. comma was described from Europe, and our subspecies, manitoba (Scudder), may prove to be distinct at the species level from the true comma." 1/27/03 0:00 2/28/13 14:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2587-Habitat 2587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mountain grasslands and meadows, including alpine and subalpine habitats." 1/27/03 0:00 2/28/13 14:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2587-LifeCycle 2587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Undescribed for Alberta populations. Larvae are green with brown or black heads (Opler 1999). The closely related taxon oregonia (W.H. Edwards) overwinters as an egg on Vancouver Island, BC (Hardy 1954). The Common Branded Skipper's biennial life cycle in the mountains indicates it overwinters twice, likely once as an egg and again as a larva. Larvae of oregonia construct silken cells and use these as shelters (Hardy 1954). In addition to the cordilleran records of this species, there are also a few isolated records from the northern boreal region, where it should be looked for in open, grassy areas. Unlike the mountain populations, boreal H. comma manitoba fly every year (McNeill 1964)." 1/27/03 0:00 2/28/13 14:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2587-TrophicStrategy 2587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "There are no reported larval host plants for H. comma manitoba, but the larvae likely feed on native grasses." 1/27/03 0:00 2/28/13 14:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2546-ConservationStatus 2546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2546-Cyclicity 2546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood, the flight peaking between early July to early August." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2546-Distribution 2546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "There are several discontinuous populations of Mead's Sulphur from Tumbler Ridge, BC south to Colorado and extreme northern New Mexico (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999). It occurs primarily in the front ranges of the Rockies." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2546-GeneralDescription 2546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The only other Alberta Colias with a dorsal orange colour that extends all the way to the forewing base is the Canada Sulphur (C. canadensis). The Canada Sulphur, however, has the pink outline of the underside discal spot smeared outwards, and is a brighter orange (not burnt-orange). Our populations are subspecies elis.
D. Macaulay image" 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2546-Habitat 2546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lush subalpine and alpine meadows. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2546-LifeCycle 2546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A description of the immature stages is summarized by Guppy & Shepard (2001). The yellow-green eggs are conical in shape. The mature larvae are dark yellowish-green and covered in short black hairs, with a yellow subdorsal and white lateral line. The pupae are yellow green with a dark dorsal line. It is possible that this species overwinters twice before reaching maturity." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2546-TrophicStrategy 2546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host plants are not known in Canada. in Wyoming and Colorado, subspecies meadii feeds on legumes such as Astragalus and Trifolium (Guppy & Shepard 2001). There are no published reports of adult nectar sources." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2547-ConservationStatus 2547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2547-Cyclicity 2547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly brood, flying between mid July and late August." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2547-Distribution 2547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An Arctic - alpine species, occurring from northern Labrador across the arctic to Alaska and south in the western mountains to extreme northern Washington state and Montana (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2547-GeneralDescription 2547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This dark, grey-green sulphur, with the underside discal spot streaked towards the outside, is not likely to be confused with any other sulphurs. Unlike all other sulphurs, male Labradors have the forewing dark border broken with pale blotches, a trait usually found only in female sulphurs. Alberta populations are subspecies streckeri, described from Lake Louise. The common name is rather a poor one, since only a small portion of this species' distribution is within Labrador." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2547-Habitat 2547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Gravelly or rocky alpine tundra. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2547-LifeCycle 2547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are incompletely known; mature larvae are dark green with a pink-edged lateral stripe (Bird et al. 1995). This species is known for its rapid flight over its rocky and often steep alpine habitat, making it difficult to observe and capture." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2547-TrophicStrategy 2547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on Oxytropis splendens on Redcap Mountain near Cadomin (Bird et al. 1995), and likely other alpine legumes. There are no published reports of adult nectar sources." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2548-ConservationStatus 2548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 2/26/13 8:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2548-Cyclicity 2548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, with the peak flight between mid July and early August." 1/23/03 0:00 2/26/13 8:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2548-Distribution 2548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "There are three widely disjunct populations of the Pelidne Sulphur, one ranging from eastern Alaska to the Great Bear Lake region of NWT, another in Labrador and northern Quebec, and the third ranging from Horn Ridge (near Grande Cache) south to Wyoming along the Rockies (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 2/26/13 8:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2548-GeneralDescription 2548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Pelidne Sulphur is most likely to be confused with the Pink-edged Sulphur (C. interior). In Pelidne, the pink wing fringe is less pronounced, and the underside is darker overall. The upperside shows a more pronounced dark scaling of the wing bases, smeared towards the wing margin. The Alberta subspecies is minisni." 1/23/03 0:00 2/26/13 8:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2548-Habitat 2548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist meadows and open woods in the subalpine and alpine zone. 1/23/03 0:00 2/26/13 8:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2548-LifeCycle 2548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The immature stages are undescribed. 1/23/03 0:00 2/26/13 8:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2548-TrophicStrategy 2548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larva feeds on blueberry (Vaccinium) and wintergreen (Gaultheria humifusa) (Guppy & Shepard 2001). There are no published accounts of adult nectar sources. 1/23/03 0:00 2/26/13 8:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2549-ConservationStatus 2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2549-Cyclicity 2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There are usually two broods annually (likely only one in the far north), peaking in May and July." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2549-Distribution 2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "As currently defined, this species is distributed over much of North America, ranging from Alaska south to Florida and northern Mexico. There is also an isolated population in the highlands of Guatemala (Opler 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2549-GeneralDescription 2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is our most common sulphur. The submarginal spots along the fore- and hindwing underside and lack of orange on the forewing upperside will generally distinguish this species. The underside discal spot is double-ringed, giving it a 'halo' effect. The spring generation tends to be smaller and darker. The subspecies status of our populations is unclear; they have been variously assigned to the nominate form (Layberry et al. 1998) or eriphyle (Guppy & Shepard 2001). It may be best not to assign a subspecies (Bird et al. 1995) until further study sheds light on this situation." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2549-Habitat 2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in open areas throughout the province, from prairie grasslands to alpine meadows." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2549-LifeCycle 2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are elongate with tapered ends and longitudinal ribs, and are red in colour several days after being laid (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Mature larvae are dark green with a dense covering of short, fine hairs, and have a dark dorsal and white-and-pink lateral line (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Pupae are green with three red dashes on the abdomen (Guppy & Shepard 2001). In favourable years (with adequate moisture and warm spring weather), there may be three broods in southern Alberta, and occasionally at least as far north as Edmonton. Individuals of the third brood, flying in late September to early October, are smaller and darker than the summer (second) brood, and resemble the spring brood. Northern (and possibly mountain) populations likely only have one annual brood. Single-brooded populations in the Peace River region of BC (subspecies vitabunda) may be a species distinct from philodice (Guppy & Shepard 2001). This taxon should also occur throughout the Peace River region of Alberta." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2549-TrophicStrategy 2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Many species of legumes are larval hosts, including native and cultivated species. In southern Alberta, larvae feed on clover (Trifolium sp.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Adults visit legume flowers and males will often congregate to mud-puddle." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2550-ConservationStatus 2550 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2550-Cyclicity 2550 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, adults most often encountered in late May to early July." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2550-Distribution 2550 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Large Marble ranges from Alaska south to California and New Mexico, and in a narrow band along the southern boreal region to west-central Ontario and Michigan (Opler 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2550-GeneralDescription 2550 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "There are three superficially similar marble species in the province. The Olympia Marble (E. olympia) is unlike the other marbles in that the green markings of the underside are quite reduced, with a banded rather than a blotchy appearance. It is also restricted to prairie grassland habitat. The Northern Marble (E. creusa) is slightly smaller than ausonides (wingspan of 24 - 36 mm compared to 30 - 48mm), and generally has more green than white on the hindwing underside, in a more broken rather than banded pattern. Our populations have been variously assigned to subspecies mayi (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001) or ausonides (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2550-Habitat 2550 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Primarily dry meadows in open woodlands of the boreal, parkland and montane regions." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2550-LifeCycle 2550 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is orange and elongated, tapered near the tip. The mature larva is greyish-green and black-spotted, with a lateral white and yellow subdorsal stripe (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The pupae are light brown with darker longitudinal lines, and have a pointy, elongated head projection (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2550-TrophicStrategy 2550 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae likely feed on a variety of wild mustards in Alberta; females oviposit on Drummond's Rock Cress (Arabis drummondii) in the Peace River region (Bird et al. 1995). Hooper (1973) is one of the few sources to report adult nectaring, which occurs at the flowers of larval hostplants." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2551-ConservationStatus 2551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2551-Cyclicity 2551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, adults generally flying from early June to late July." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2551-Distribution 2551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska south along the Rocky Mountains to western Montana (Opler 1999). Boreal populations also occur from St Albert, SK north to Great Bear Lake, NWT (Layberry et al. 1998)" 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2551-GeneralDescription 2551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Northern Marble is most similar to the Large Marble (E. ausonides), but is slightly smaller, with a wingspan of 24 - 36 mm compared to 30 - 48mm. The green marbling on the hindwing underside is more extensive, and the pattern is more broken rather than banded. There are no described subspecies. This species was described from specimens collected at Rock Lake near Jasper (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2551-Habitat 2551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open coniferous woodland in the mountains and northeastern boreal region. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2551-LifeCycle 2551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The immature stages are undescribed. Very little of the Northern Marble's biology is known. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2551-TrophicStrategy 2551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The only recorded larval food plant is Lance-leaved Draba (Draba cana) at Moraine Lake (Bird et al. 1995). 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2552-ConservationStatus 2552 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2552-Cyclicity 2552 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly generation, with peak adult flight activity from mid May to mid June." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2552-Distribution 2552 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This is a species of the Great Plains, found in the southern Prairie Provinces south to Texas and east to extreme southern Quebec. There are also isolated populations in the Appalachians (Opler 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2552-GeneralDescription 2552 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "There are three superficially similar marble species in the province. The Olympia Marble is unlike other marbles in that the green markings of the underside are quite reduced, with a banded rather than a blotchy appearance. This species is also restricted to prairie grassland habitat." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2552-Habitat 2552 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grasslands and badlands of the prairie region. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2552-LifeCycle 2552 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The mature larva is green, striped with grey and yellow (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2552-TrophicStrategy 2552 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval food plants are currently not known in Alberta; elsewhere, flowers and seeds of wild mustards are eaten, such as rock cresses (Arabis spp.) and Hedge Mustard (Sisymbrium officinale) (Layberry et al. 1999). Nectar sources for adults have not been reported in Canada; in Michigan, Olympia Marbles can be found at the flowers of wild mustards (Brassicaceae), wild strawberry, and lupines (Nielsen 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2588-ConservationStatus 2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status May be sensitive to loss of native grassland habitat. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2588-Cyclicity 2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The peak in flight activity occurs in late June and July. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2588-Distribution 2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern B.C. east to southeastern Manitoba, south to New Mexico (Opler 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2588-GeneralDescription 2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Distinguishing species of the genus Hesperia can be a challenge even to the experienced lepidopterist; differences in wing markings are subtle, and are best appreciated by looking at series of individuals from any given locality. The Nevada Skipper can usually be distinguished from other Alberta Hesperia by the ventral hindwing maculation: the spot nearest the abdomen is offset towards the wing base, compared to being more or less in line with the adjacent spots in other Hesperia. The earlier flight period and slightly larger size also helps to separate this species from the Common Branded and the Plains Skipper (H. comma manitoba and H. assiniboia). The female Nevada illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) is actually H. colorado (N. Kondla, pers. comm.)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2588-Habitat 2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixed-grass and fescue prairie of the foothills and aspen parkland. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2588-LifeCycle 2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The dull white eggs are laid several centimeters above the ground on the stalks of native grasses. First stage larvae are yellowish cream, becoming olive-green with cream markings as they mature (Bird et al. 1995). Adult males frequent hill- and ridgetops (Hooper 1973, McCabe & Post 1977, Bird et al. 1995). There may be a second annual brood during August in Saskatchewan and Manitoba (Layberry et al. 1998), and possibly also in Alberta. The Nevada Skipper is an uncommon and local species. Although reported to inhabit short-grass prairie by Layberry et al. (1998), it is rare or absent in this habitat in Alberta." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2588-TrophicStrategy 2588 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Squirreltail, needle grass, june grass and fescue (Sitanion, Stipa, Koeleria and Festuca, respectively) (Bird et al. 1995). Adults take nectar at Astragalus flowers (McCabe & Post 1977)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2589-ConservationStatus 2589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status May be sensitive to loss of native grassland habitat. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2589-Cyclicity 2589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two flights annually, one peaking in June and the second in early August." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2589-Distribution 2589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Essentially a Great Plains species, ranging from southern Alberta east to Manitoba, south to northwestern Texas and west to Nevada (Opler 1999). This species appears to be declining as a result of habitat loss, and may be extirpated in Manitoba (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2589-GeneralDescription 2589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The white veins on the hindwing underside and slightly larger size separate the Uncas Skipper from all other Hesperia species; the wingspan is 25 to 31 mm (erroneously given as '25 - 41 mm' in Bird et al. 1995); It may also be confused with the Rhesus Skipper (Polites rhesus) because of the similar underside pattern, but rhesus lacks any trace of orange markings on the upperside." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2589-Habitat 2589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Short-grass prairie. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2589-LifeCycle 2589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are cream in colour; first instar larvae have a black head, and are also cream-coloured (Bird et al. 1995). Mature larvae are gray-brown (Bird et al. 1995) or light brown with a dark dorsal and pale subdorsal line (McCabe & Post 1977). Head dark brown marked with cream spots (Opler 1999). Adults land on exposed ground, rocks, and cattle dung, and are wary and difficult to approach. Sparsely vegetated ridge- and hilltops are good places to look for this species (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2589-TrophicStrategy 2589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Caterpillars feed on species of grama and needle grass (Bouteloua spp. and Stipa spp.) (Bird et al. 1995). Females lay eggs on blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) in North Dakota (McCabe & Post 1977). 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2509-ConservationStatus 2509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2509-Cyclicity 2509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This single specimen was collected in August. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2509-Distribution 2509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is recorded from Arizona and Colorado in United States and Alberta in Canada. In Alberta this species is known only from the one locality in the southern region. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2509-GeneralDescription 2509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the brevispinus group, easily distinguished from all other groups by he poorly developed apical spur of the pro-tibiae and presence of 2 dorsal punctures on the elytra. Dark piceous, elytra sometimes paler apically, mouthparts, antennae and legs entirely yellowish. Elytron with 3 subhumeral foveae and 2 subapical punctures. Length 3.7-4.0 mm." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2509-TrophicStrategy 2509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2510-ConservationStatus 2510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2510-Cyclicity 2510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This single specimen was collected in June. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2510-Distribution 2510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found on the central plains of United States and Alberta and Manitoba in Canada. In Alberta this species is known only from the one locality in the southern region near the Saskatchewan border. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2510-GeneralDescription 2510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the sellatus group, depigmented species without subhumeral foveae. Reddish yellow, ventral surface more or less darkened, elytra pale yellow with dark cloud behind middle. Frons smooth. Elytron with 2 dorsal punctures adjacent to 3rd stria, and 1-2 preapical punctures. Length 3.2-4.3 mm." 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2510-Habitat 2510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Probably on alkaline places. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2510-TrophicStrategy 2510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 1/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2511-ConservationStatus 2511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2511-Cyclicity 2511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, adults flying mostly from early to late June." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2511-Distribution 2511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This subspecies is restricted to the boreal forest region of central Canada, from western Quebec to northeastern BC (Layberry et al 1998, Kondla et al. 2002" 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2511-GeneralDescription 2511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "There are four taxa in this species-group in Alberta, consisting of three subspecies of the Old World Swallowtail (P. machaon) and the Anise Swallowtail (P. zelicaon). The Anise Swallowtail occurs together with P. machaon throughout most of Alberta, and the following characters will distinguish these two species in most cases: the black pupil of the hindwing eyespot is connected to the wing margin or positioned below the red scales in P. machaon, compared to a centered, unconnected pupil in P. zelicaon. Hybrid individuals displaying characters intermediate between hudsonianus and P. zelicaon can be quite common (Sperling 1987, 1990, Sperling & Harrison 1994). The subspecies of P. machaon are best distinguished by location and habitat. The Hudsonian Old World Swallowtail is a boreal forest species generally associated with open bogs, not eroding prairie valleys and hillsides (P. m. pikei and P. m. dodi). P. m. hudsonianus (and P. m. pikei) also has an extensive yellow suffusion over the basal area of the forewing underside. In dodi, this area is generally black." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2511-Habitat 2511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sparsely treed hilltops and open bogs of the boreal region. 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2511-LifeCycle 2511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages of subspecies hudsonianus are incompletely known, although they will likely be similar to P. m. dodi and P. m. pikei. The mature larva has yellow spots (based on one known individual) (Sperling 1987). Adult males hilltop to await females." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2511-TrophicStrategy 2511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplant is unconfirmed, although there is evidence that coltsfoot (Petasites spp.) may be a host (Sperling 1987, Layberry et al. 1998). Adults nectar at Labrador Tea (Ledum groenlandicum) (F. Sperling, unpublished data)." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2512-ConservationStatus 2512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2512-Cyclicity 2512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, with adults most common between early June and early July." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2512-Distribution 2512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Distributed from northern BC and Alberta south to Baja California, Mexico and New Mexico (Opler 1999)." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2512-GeneralDescription 2512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is similar to subspecies of the Old World Swallowtail (P. machaon). The Anise Swallowtail occurs together with P. machaon throughout most of Alberta, and the following characters will distinguish these two species in most cases: the black pupil of the hindwing eyespot is centered and unconnected in P. zelicaon, while in P. machaon it is connected to the wing margin or positioned below the red scales. Differences in the mitchondrial DNA also distinguish these species (Sperling & Harrison 1994). Hybrid individuals displaying characters intermediate between P. machaon and P. zelicaon are occasionally found where the range of these species overlap, and can be common in some regions, such as the central Alberta foothills (Sperling 1987, Sperling 1990). To add to the challenge in identifying members of this confusing group, a black colour form of P. zelicaon, P. m. dodi and zelicaon X machaon hybrids occurs, in which adults have most of the yellow colouration replaced by black (Sperling 1987). The black form of P. zelicaon was once thought to be a separate species, P. nitra." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2512-Habitat 2512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs in a wide variety of habitats, from alpine meadows to grasslands and forest clearings." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2512-LifeCycle 2512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are very similar to the Old World Swallowtail. Eggs are pale yellow and round, with visible reddish areas on the top and sides as the larva develops (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Eggs are laid on the flower heads and leaves of the hostplant (Bird et al. 1995). The first three larval instars resemble bird droppings, coloured black with a white saddle, and later instars are green with black bands and yellow to orange spots (Sperling 1987). The pupa has a projection on each side and a row of projections along the dorsum; it varies in colour from yellow-green to brown (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults commonly nectar at Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), and males fly to hilltops to await females (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2512-TrophicStrategy 2512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on various umbellifers (Umbelliferae) in Alberta, depending on habitat and geographic location. Confirmed hosts include Cow Parsnip (Heracleum lanatum), several species of Angelica (Angelica arguta, A. dawsoni, A. genuflexa), wild parsleys (Lomatium dissectum, L. triternatum), Water Parsnip (Sium suave), and Heart-leaved Alexanders (Zizia aptera) (Sperling 1987)." 1/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2602-ConservationStatus 2602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of conservation concern. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2602-Cyclicity 2602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are most often encountered in mid to late June. One brood annually. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2602-Distribution 2602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs throughout most of temperate North America, north to the Alberta / NWT border. Restricted to watercourses in the drier parts of the Great Plains (Opler 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2602-GeneralDescription 2602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relative large skipper (wingspan 28 to 38mm) that is most similar to our duskywing skippers (Erynnis spp.), but the Northern Cloudywing has even, dark brown forewing uppersides, not mottled like the duskywings. The sharply curved-back antennal clubs will also distinguish this species." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2602-Habitat 2602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clearings and meadows in pine and aspen woodlands, valley bottoms in the prairies." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2602-LifeCycle 2602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are pale green (Bird et al. 1995), and larvae are dark green with a brownish ventral line and paler lateral lines (Layberry et al. 1998). The mature larvae feed and overwinter in shelters made from the host plant leaves (Layberry et al. 1998). Males exhibit perching behaviour to await females, and will chase off other butterflies entering their territory (McCabe & Post 1977, Acorn 1993)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2602-TrophicStrategy 2602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplant in Alberta is unrecorded. Elsewhere, this species feeds on various herbaceous legumes such as vetches and clovers (Hooper 1973, Opler 1999). Adults nectar at legume flowers such as vetch, alfalfa (Hooper 1973) and locoweed (McCabe & Post 1977). Adults sip moisture at damp earth (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2603-ConservationStatus 2603 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2603-Cyclicity 2603 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight in the mountains in July and August, and during June on the prairies." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2603-Distribution 2603 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Due to the unresolved taxonomy of this group, the range limits are not clear. The North American representatives of Agriades blues, in one form or another, range from northern Alaska to Newfoundland and south to central Manitoba and south through the American west to New Mexico (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2603-GeneralDescription 2603 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description " The only other Alberta blue with a large white patch (sometimes with a central black spot) in the middle of the hindwing underside is the Arrowhead Blue (Glaucopsyche piasus), but the Agriades blues are smaller, lack a checkered wing fringe, and have black discal spots on the upperside. \nSubspecies megalo inhabits the mountains, and is darker overall with prominent underside black spots compared to the Rustic Blue (A. glandon rusticus) of the prairies and parkland. These two are most likely different species. Subspecies lacustris inhabits the Canadian Shield region in the far north, and is most similar to the mountain populations (contra Guppy & Shepard 2001).\nThis group of blues has been the subject of much taxonomic debate over the years, and the correct names for our species are as yet unresolved; many names have been applied to this species (Kondla & Schmidt 1991), most recently treated as subspecies of Agriades glandon or aquilo (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999, Guppy & Shepard 2001), which were described from Europe. A growing body of evidence strongly suggests that there are at least two species here in Alberta, neither of which are the European glandon (C. Schmidt & N. Kondla, unpubl. data)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2603-Habitat 2603 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alpine and subalpine meadows, sparsely vegetated grasslands and boreal sand dunes." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2603-LifeCycle 2603 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No data available for Rocky Mountain populations. Hardy (1963) provides a description of some of the early stages from Vancouver Island, BC: the white egg is slightly flattened dorsoventrally, and second instar larvae are tan-coloured with faint subdorsal lines and a wine-coloured head. Adult males often congregate to sip moisture at damp earth along roadisdes or mountain paths. Arctic Blues can be easy to miss because of their rapid flight close to the ground." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2603-TrophicStrategy 2603 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The Arctic Blue lays eggs on Saxifrage (Saxifraga bronchialis and S. tricuspidata) in southwestern BC and the Yukon (Hardy 1963, Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults will nectar on a variety of wildflowers." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2604-ConservationStatus 2604 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A localized species with few known colonies; ""Special Concern"" in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2604-Cyclicity 2604 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly brood, flying from late June to early August, peaking in mid July." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2604-Distribution 2604 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The North American range includes Alaska south to central Manitoba; it also occurs from central Europe to Siberia and Japan (Layberry et al. 1998). In Alberta, it occurs in local colonies south to Pigeon Lake and Elk Island National Park (Schmidt unpubl. data)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2604-GeneralDescription 2604 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Somewhat similar to Melissa and Northern Blues (Lycaeides melissa and idas), but the Cranberry Blue has only two to three orange marginal spots on the hindwing underside, not a complete band extending onto the forewing.\nThis species also occurs in Eurasia, and the North American populations have been named subspecies yukona. In their world revision of polyomatine blues, Balint & Johnson (1997) synonymize the genus Vaciniina under Albulina, so a better name may be Albulina optilete.\n" 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2604-Habitat 2604 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in or near acidic bogs where cranberries (Vaccinium spp.) are abundant. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2604-LifeCycle 2604 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The early stages are undescribed for North American populations; in Scandinavia, the egg is white and mature larvae are green with a dark green dorsal line and purple-bordered, yellow lateral stripes. The pupa is pale green with short red hairs (Henriksen and Kreutzer 1982). Partially grown larvae hibernate and complete development the following spring (Henriksen and Kreutzer 1982)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2604-TrophicStrategy 2604 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No North American larval foodplant records are available; in Europe, the eggs are laid on Vaccinium uliginosum (Henriksen and Kreutzer 1982), which is rare in Alberta (Moss 1992). Other Vaccinium species are probably used." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2579-ConservationStatus 2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Status undetermined; may be a rare stray. 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2579-Cyclicity 2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Possibly double-brooded, with a late Jun to early Jul and an Aug to Sep flight." 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2579-Distribution 2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern United States and southeastern Canada west to extreme eastern Saskatchewan (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999). The only known Alberta record (3 July 1909) from Lethbridge (Bird et al. 1995) is well outside of the known range, and may represent a stray individual." 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2579-GeneralDescription 2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The small size (19 to 25 mm wingspan), weak flight, in combination with a dark fore- and orange hindwing make this quite a distinctive skipper." 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2579-Habitat 2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Restricted to wet meadows and streamsides. 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2579-LifeCycle 2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown in Alberta; The egg is yellow with a reddish middle band (Bird et al. 1995). Mature larvae are light green with white patches and lines, a brown head, and live in shelters constructed from grass blades (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults have a weak flight, and fly in amongst tall grasses (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2579-TrophicStrategy 2579 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Manitoba, Least Skipper larvae feed on bluegrass (Poa spp.) and Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) (Layberry et al. 1998), and in North Dakota on Giant cutgrass (Zizaniopsis miliacea) and bluegrass (Poa spp.) (McCabe & Post 1977). Of these, only bluegrasses occur in Alberta (Moss 1992)." 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2580-ConservationStatus 2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2580-Cyclicity 2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, with peak flight activity from early June to early July depending on habitat." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2580-Distribution 2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Arctic Skipper occurs throughout most of Canada except the high Arctic, from Alaska to Newfoundland, south along the mountains to California and Wyoming. In the east, it ranges south to the Great Lakes states and New England (Opler 1999). It also occurs in Eurasia." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2580-GeneralDescription 2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This mid-sized skipper (wingspan 20 - 30 mm) is unmistakable with its brown and orange checkered pattern. Although Layberry et al. (1998) assign all Canadian populations to subspecies mandan, mountain populations are larger and darker, and the name magnus has recently been applied to these populations (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2580-Habitat 2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Inhabits clearings, meadows and open woods in the boreal, parkland and mountain regions." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2580-LifeCycle 2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are greenish-white, and mature larvae are creamy white with a dark dorsal and lateral stripe (Bird et al. 1995). The mature larva overwinters, and the pupa resembles a piece of dead grass (Bird et al. 1995). Males of the Arctic Skipper perch on grass stalks." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2580-TrophicStrategy 2580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Although a large number of broad-leafed grasses have been reported as larval hosts, many of these likely refer to larvae fed in captivity, and the number of hosts used in nature are likely few (Layberry et al. 1998). Eggs are laid on brome grass (Bromus spp.) and reed grass (Calamagrostis spp.) in Michigan (Nielsen 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2581-ConservationStatus 2581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "May be sensitive to valley flooding, but currently secure." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2581-Cyclicity 2581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are most often encountered between late June and early July. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2581-Distribution 2581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout most of the continental United States, and in southern Canada west to southern BC (Opler 1999). The northernmost population in North America is associated with patches of the larval hostplant in the North Saskatchewan river valley in Edmonton." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2581-GeneralDescription 2581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is Alberta's largest skipper; its 44 to 60 mm wingspan, and the large, silver hindwing patch make it very distinctive. The nominate subspecies occurs in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2581-Habitat 2581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat River valleys and badlands in the prairie and parkland region. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2581-LifeCycle 2581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is one yearly brood, and mature larvae are green with black bands and a dark brown head. Larvae construct shelters out of the host plant leaves, at first cutting and folding part of the leaf over them, but tying several leaves together as larvae grow larger (McCabe & Post 1977). Pupae hibernate in leaf nests near the ground, often on the foodplant itself (Layberry et al. 1998). The egg is greenish and round. Males are aggressive fliers, and often chase one another (Bird et al. 1995). The Silver-spotted skipper is uncommon in Alberta, and occurs in local colonies." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2581-TrophicStrategy 2581 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota) in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995). Other legume species have also been reported from the eastern parts of this skipper's range (McCabe & Post 1977, Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2582-ConservationStatus 2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2582-Cyclicity 2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two broods annually, with emergence peaks in late May and again in late July." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2582-Distribution 2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Essentially a species of the Great Plains, ranging from the southern Prairie Provinces south to Mexico (Opler 1999). There are disjunct populations in the Yukon and Alaska and west-central BC whose taxonomic status is unresolved, but are currently treated as E. afranius (Guppy & Shepard 2001). \n" 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2582-GeneralDescription 2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The duskywing skippers (genus Erynnis) can be a challenge to identify, particularly in prairie habitat where all three species may occur together. The white spots in the forewing tip are useful characters for separating these species: Afranius and persius both have at least two (usually three or four) spots, while the Dreamy Duskywing (Erynnis icelus) has only one spot or none at all. Afranius is more difficult to separate from Persius; Afranius is more brown in colour, not grey, and the fore- and hindwing do not contrast grey (forewing) and grey-brown (hindwing) to the same extent that Persius does; Individuals from short-grass prairie habitat in August are almost certainly E. afranius, since E. persius does not have a second brood. Uncertain specimens must be dissected for diagnostic characteristics of the male genitalia; see Scott (1986) and Guppy & Shepard (2001) for illustrations." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2582-Habitat 2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Valley sides and coulees of the short-grass prairies. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2582-LifeCycle 2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is cream-coloured when first laid, eventually turning reddish orange (Bird et al. 1995). First instar larvae are yellowish brown with a light brown head (McCabe & Post 1977). The pale green larvae have a dorsal dark stripe and a black head when mature, and overwinter. Pupae are green (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2582-TrophicStrategy 2582 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Females lay eggs on Buffalo Bean (Astragalus crassicarpus) in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995), and other legumes serve as larval foodplants elsewhere in Canada (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27644-ConservationStatus 27644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Unknown, rarely collected." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27644-Cyclicity 27644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid May to June (Freeman 1958). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27644-Distribution 27644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution From Alberta to Nova Scotia south to Massachusetts. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27644-GeneralDescription 27644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is greyish orange with darker reticulations. Broad slanted brown bands are present in the median and upper postmedian areas, along with a basal patch that is normally less distinct. The hindwing is greyish to brownish white. The head and thorax is concolourous with the forewing and the abdomen is light greyish brown.\nThis species could be confused with the much more common A. velutinana, however A. repertana is considerably larger and has a paler hindwing." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27644-Habitat 27644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Unknown, possibly wet boreal habitats." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27644-TrophicStrategy 27644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy One specimen has been reared on Aralia sp. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2583-ConservationStatus 2583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No conservation concerns. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2583-Cyclicity 2583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, peak flight activity from late May to early June." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2583-Distribution 2583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Most of temperate North America, from the Mackenzie River valley, NWT south to Arizona / New Mexico and Georgia, but absent from much of the Great Plains states (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2583-GeneralDescription 2583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The duskywing skippers (genus Erynnis) can be a challenge to identify, particularly in prairie habitat where all three species may occur together. The Dreamy Duskywing can be separated from the other two species by the white spot near the forewing tip: icelus has either only one spot or none at all, while the other two duskywings (E. afranius and E. persius) have at least two (more often three or four) spots. The Dreamy Duskywing is also slightly smaller on average, with a wingspan of 25 to 30 mm. the forewing apex is more blunt in shape, giving icelus a more squared-off appearance than the other two duskywings." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2583-Habitat 2583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Widespread in clearings and meadows and woodlands near aspen woods. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2583-LifeCycle 2583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Freshly laid eggs are green, and turn pink upon aging (Bird et al. 1995). Larvae are stout and tapered at both ends, and pale green with whitish dots. There is a dark dorsal and pale lateral stripe (McCabe & Post 1977). The caterpillar constructs a nest out of the host plant leaves (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2583-TrophicStrategy 2583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host plant has not been recorded in Alberta, but likely includes one or more of the following Willows (Salix spp.), poplars (Populus spp.) and Birch (Betula spp.) (Layberry et al.1998). Adults feed at legume blossoms (Hooper 1973) and take moisture at damp soils (Nielsen 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2584-ConservationStatus 2584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2584-Cyclicity 2584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The flight of the single annual brood peaks in late May to early July, depending on habitat." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2584-Distribution 2584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Persius Skipper occurs in western North America in a broad band from Alaska and northeastern Quebec south to California, Arizona and New Mexico. There are a series of populations disjunct from the western populations, occurring from the western Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic seaboard (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999). The disjunct western and eastern populations, and the apparent differences in foodplants, suggest the taxonomy of these populations warrants further research." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2584-GeneralDescription 2584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The duskywing skippers (genus Erynnis) can be a challenge to identify, particularly in prairie habitat where all three species may occur together. The white spots in the forewing tip are useful characters for separating these species: Persius and E. afranius both have at least two (usually three or four) spots, while the Dreamy Duskywing (Erynnis icelus) has only one spot or none at all. Persius and Afranius are more difficult to separate; Persius is more grey in colour, not brown, and the fore- and hindwing have contrasting grey (forewing) and grey-brown (hindwing) colours; Afranius is more evenly-coloured. Individuals from short-grass prairie habitat in August are almost certainly Afranius, since Persius does not have a second brood. Uncertain specimens must be dissected for diagnostic characteristics of the male genitalia; see Scott (1986) and Guppy & Shepard (2001) for illustrations. \nLayberry et al. (1998) attribute only subspecies borealis to the Alberta fauna, while Bird et al. (1995) assign northern and southern populations to subspecies borealis and fredericki, respectively." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2584-Habitat 2584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Forest edges and clearings, meadows and woodlands. Restricted to river valleys in the prairies." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2584-LifeCycle 2584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is pale yellow at first, turning orange as it matures (Bird et al. 1995). Larvae are pale green with a dark dorsal line and a dark brown head, and the pupa is pale-spotted and dark green (Bird et al. 1995). Males perch to await females (Bird et al. 1995).\nThe use of willows and poplars as larval hosts is unusual given the preference for legumes elsewhere, and these host records appear to be restricted to New England populations (Guppy & Shepard 2001). There is no evidence that western populations feed on plants in the willow family (Salicaceae) (Hooper 1973, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2584-TrophicStrategy 2584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Vetch (Astragalus sp.) is the presumed larval food plant in southwestern Alberta, based on female egg-laying observations (Bird et al. 1995). Lupines (Lupinus spp.) are suspected hostplants in Ontario (Layberry et al. 1998) and BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults take nectar at locoweed (Oxytropis spp.) and golden bean (Thermopsis rhombifolia) in Saskatchewan (Hooper 1973)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2585-ConservationStatus 2585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Only one known occurence in Alberta; more field work needed to establish this species' prevalence. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2585-Cyclicity 2585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta record is for 20 July (Bird 2001). June 20 to Aug 10 in Saskatchewan (Hooper 1973). 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2585-Distribution 2585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Dun Skipper is common and widespread in eastern North America, ranging west to central Alberta. There are several disjunct west coast populations ranging from southern California to southwestern B.C. (Opler 1999). This species is currently known from only one Alberta locality, and further colonies should be sought in the aspen parkland in the central and east-central part of the province." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2585-GeneralDescription 2585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Dun Skipper is appropriately named; males are a uniform, dark brown colour, with the black dash on the forewing upperside being the only distinguishable mark. Females have several pale spots near the forewing apex. Similar to Amblyscirtes oslari, which has a grey cast to the hindwing underside (sometimes forming a faint banded pattern), and is smaller in size. Habitat and distribution also serve to separate these two species, since vestris is known only from the aspen parkland, whereas oslari is a species of the southern short-grass prairie. Only subspecies metacomet occurs in our area according to Layberry et al. (1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2585-Habitat 2585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassy woodland openings in the aspen parkland. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2585-LifeCycle 2585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Not known for Alberta populations. The eggs of eastern populations are green, and mature larvae are green with fine white lines, with a light-banded, brown and black head (Heitzman 1965)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2585-TrophicStrategy 2585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No data available for Alberta populations. Elsewhere, larval hosptlants include the following sedges: Cyperus esculenta (Heitzman 1965), Carex lacustris, C. spissa, C. gracilima (Layberry et al. 1998) in eastern North America, and Carex heliophila in the 'west' (Layberry et al. 1998). Eggs are laid on nut-grass sedge (Cyperus spp.) in Michigan (Nielsen 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2586-ConservationStatus 2586 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The undescribed Peace River populations are globally unique. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2586-Cyclicity 2586 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Peak flight activity occurs in August, with flight dates ranging from late July to late Sept." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2586-Distribution 2586 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Plains Skipper is found from the Peace River grasslands south and east through the prairie provinces to Manitoba, south through the northern Great Plains states (Layberry et al. 1998). The Peace River populations are disjunct from the Great Plains populations." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2586-GeneralDescription 2586 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Distinguishing species of the genus Hesperia can be a challenge even to the experienced lepidopterist; differences in wing markings are subtle, and are best appreciated by looking at series of individuals from any given locality. There are two species with which the Plains Skipper is most likely to be confused: the Nevada Skipper (H. nevada) and the Common Branded Skipper (H. comma manitoba). The Plains Skipper can be separated from the Nevada Skipper by its smaller size, later flight season and by the ventral hindwing maculation: the spot nearest the anal margin is more or less in line with the adjacent spots in assiniboia, whereas this spot is offset towards the wing base in nevada. The Common Branded Skipper can be separated from the Plains Skipper by the darker colour of the hindwing underside (brown-green vs. yellow or yellow-green) and its occurrence in mountain grasslands (including alpine and subalpine meadows) rather than prairie grasslands (Bird et al. 1995). The Plains Skipper was once considered to be a subspecies of H. comma. \nThe Peace River grasslands populations of the Plains Skipper represent an undescribed subspecies (Bird et al. 1995), characterized by the yellowish ground colour of the underside with light yellow rather than whitish maculation. Populations from the northern parkland also have yellow rather than silver underside markings (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2586-Habitat 2586 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Native short grass prairie, and open, sandy areas of the aspen parkland and southern boreal forest." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2586-LifeCycle 2586 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages of Alberta populations are undescribed. The closely related taxon oregonia (W.H. Edwards) overwinters as an egg on Vancouver Island, BC (Hardy 1954), and it is likely H. assiniboia does so. Larvae of some populations construct silk-lined tunnels under dried cattle droppings (McCabe & Post 1977), which provide shelter during the day; larvae leave these shelters at night to feed (Acorn 1993). Fourth instar larvae have a dark brown head covered with black pits, and the body is covered with short bristles (McCabe & Post 1977). \nAdults nectar at Dotted Blazing-star (Liatris punctata) and asters, including Aster canescens (Bird et al. 1995), and males of the Peace River populations congregate at the tops of south-facing river canyons (Guppy & Sheppard 2001). \nAlthough this species can be locally common, its occurrences have declined as a result of habitat loss to agriculture and development. It may be relatively resilient to cattle grazing in native pastures, as it is most common in moderately grazed grassland (McCabe & Post 1977)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2586-TrophicStrategy 2586 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown for Alberta. Larvae are reported to feed on grasses in other parts of the species range, including needle grass (Stipa spp.), Fescue (Festuca spp.), Blue gramma (Bouteloua gracilis), June grass (Koeleria cristata), and Brome grass (Bromus spp.) (Bird et al. 1995, Layberry et al. 1998). These records may refer to more than one species and require confirmation. McCabe & Post (1977) list Stipa and Koeleria as likely hosts in North Dakota." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2652-ConservationStatus 2652 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2652-Cyclicity 2652 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, appearing in early spring (April to May) and again in August to October." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2652-Distribution 2652 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has a wide distribution throughout the northern hemisphere, occuring from Great Britain across Eurasia and from Alaska south to central Mexico (Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2652-GeneralDescription 2652 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The deep brown upperside rimmed with blue spots and a powder-yellow margin is unmistakable. Spring specimens are flight-worn and are faded to maroon-brown with yellowish-white margins.\nThe Mourning Cloak is remarakbly consistent in appearance across its vast North American range, and there are no recognized subspecies (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001).\n" 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2652-Habitat 2652 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in virtually all habitats throuhgout the province, particularly near moist and riparian woods." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2652-LifeCycle 2652 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are laid in clusters on the hostplant, and the caterpillars initially live in colonies (Scott 1986). The larvae possess branched spines, and are velvety black with small white spots and a line of dorsal red spots (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The adults are one of the longest-lived species in Alberta, and can live to be nearly a year old since they hatch in July or August, overwinter, and are occasionally found into June of the following year. Because they sometimes appear on warm winter days, Mourning Cloaks can be seen in almost any month of the year." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2652-TrophicStrategy 2652 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on various trees including elm (Ulmus spp.) and poplars (Populus spp.), and particularly willows (Salix spp.) (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults prefer tree sap and mammal scat to flower nectar." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2653-ConservationStatus 2653 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2653-Cyclicity 2653 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, appearing in early spring (April to May) and again in August to October." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2653-Distribution 2653 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "According to Opler (1999), this species is permanently established only from southern BC south to California, and southern Wyoming to northern New Mexico. Migrants occur as far north as the southern portion of the western provinces." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2653-GeneralDescription 2653 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Most similar to the Compton Tortoiseshell (Roddia l-album = N. vaualbum), but californica has a black dorsal hindwing margin, not heavily marked with orange-brown as in l-album.\nThere are no described subspecies; the name herri mentioned by Bird et al. is a cool-weather induced phenotype according to Guppy & Shepard (2001). There appears to be little geographic variation in this species, possibly due to the fact that it is able to migrate long distances, resulting in mixing of populations." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2653-Habitat 2653 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open montane woods south of the Crowsnest, rare migrant elsewhere." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2653-LifeCycle 2653 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The cylindrical, yellow-green eggs have vertical ridges. The mature larva is velvety black with two diffuse, yellow dorsal lines and orange-brown, branched spines (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Like the Compton Tortoiseshell, this species is very rare or absent in some years; it is unclear if all Aberta records represent migrants (spring) or offspring of migrants (fall). It is possible that californica is able to overwinter in the greater Waterton area wher the larval food plant occurs, although Guppy & Shepard (2001) suggest southern interior BC populations must be maintained over the long term by migrants from the south. Alberta records outside of the Waterton region certainly represent migrants, since the larval food plant does not occur elsewhere in the province." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2653-TrophicStrategy 2653 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae feed on species of tea bush (Ceanothus spp.) in the western US and BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001). 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2834-ConservationStatus 2834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2834-Cyclicity 2834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight per year, peaking from late June to mid July." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2834-Distribution 2834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occuring from southern BC to southern MB, south to Baja California, MEX and CO (Scott 1986)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2834-GeneralDescription 2834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is a relatively large Speyeria (wingspan 56 - 53 mm), with a pale-greenish, washed-out underside. Edwards' Fritillary can be similar, but is slightly larger and has a concave forewing margin. The Mormon Fritillary also often has a pale green underside (particularly prairie populations), but it is much smaller (40 - 50 mm). In Callippe the underside silver spots show through as slightly paler orbs on the upperside. Subspecies calgariana, described from the vicinity of Calgary, occurs on the Alberta prairies, while populations from the Crowsnest Pass more closely resemble subspecies semivirida (Bird et al. 1995)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2834-Habitat 2834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry or sandy prairie grasslands, occasional in the foothills and parkland." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2834-LifeCycle 2834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The tan-coloured eggs are laid near dried-up violets, where fresh leaves for larvae to feed on will appear in the spring (Scott 1986). The mature larvae are very similar to S. zerene, being predominantly black with spiny protuberances (Scott 1986). Callippe males patrol topographical prominences in search of females (Scott 1986)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2834-TrophicStrategy 2834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Blue Prairie Violet is the larval foodplant in Alberta (Bird et al. 1998). Adults nectar at alfalfa, gailardia, and thistles (Bird et al. 1998, Hooper 1973)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2768-ConservationStatus 2768 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2768-Cyclicity 2768 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flies in June in Alberta (Bowman 1951). 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2768-Distribution 2768 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, occurs in the prairie, parkland and foothills regions north to Edmonton (Bowman 1951) and Winfield (C.D. Bird, pers. comm.)." 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2768-GeneralDescription 2768 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adults are small, slender moths with a wingspan of 12-16 mm. The forewings are pale yellow, the hindwings gray (Davis 1978, Pellmyr 2000).\nLampronia sublustris was described by Braun in 1923 (Braun 1923), and was subsequently placed in Tanysaccus by Davis (1978), but returned to Lampronia when Tanysaccus was found to be a synonym of Lampronia (Nielson and Davis 1985). Sublustris appears to be the same species as aenescens, since there are no distinguishing morphological traits, and the two are often found together (Pellmyr 2000)." 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2768-Habitat 2768 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open grassland where rose shrubs are present (Pellmyr 2000). 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2768-LifeCycle 2768 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2768-TrophicStrategy 2768 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplant is probably Common Wild Rose, Rosa woodsii (Pellmyr 2000)." 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3694-ConservationStatus 3694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rare species in Alberta, at the northern edge of its range." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3694-Cyclicity 3694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late July. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3694-Distribution 3694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental in the United States, north to southern Ontario and southern Alberta. In Alberta it has been collected in the Lethbridge and Medicine Hat areas." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3694-GeneralDescription 3694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.3-4.0 cm wingspan) rather delicate brown moth with few markings. The forewing is dull grey-brown to yellow-brown, with a very faint narrow antemedian line and slightly more prominent postmedian line, and with the basal and in particular the terminal area slightly paler. The hindwings are lighter brown, almost white in the basal half, occasionally with a faint lighter median line. Antennae simple and sexes similar. \n\nThe related P. expallidus is smaller and more contrastingly marked. Poole (1995) illustrates the adults and the genitalia of both sexes, and provides a key to the species of Plagiomimicus\n" 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3694-Habitat 3694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open disturbed areas 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3694-LifeCycle 3694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in mid-summer. They are nocturnal and are attracted to light. The larvae burrow into the heads of the host and feed on the seeds. The larvae have been described by Crumb, 1965, Forbes, 1954, and Poole, 1995. \n\nThere is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in mid-summer. They are nocturnal and are attracted to light. The larvae burrow into the heads of the host and feed on the seeds. The larvae have been described by Crumb, 1965, Forbes, 1954, and Poole, 1995. \n\nThere is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in mid-summer. They are nocturnal and are attracted to light. The larvae burrow into the heads of the host and feed on the seeds. The larvae have been described by Crumb, 1965, Forbes, 1954, and Poole, 1995. \n\nThere is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in mid-summer. They are nocturnal and are attracted to light. The larvae burrow into the heads of the host and feed on the seeds. The larvae have been described by Crumb, 1965, Forbes, 1954, and Poole, 1995. \n\nThere is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in mid-summer. They are nocturnal and are attracted to light. The larvae burrow into the heads of the host and feed on the seeds. The larvae have been described by Crumb, 1965, Forbes, 1954, and Poole, 1995. \n\nThere is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in mid-summer. They are nocturnal and are attracted to light. The larvae burrow into the heads of the host and feed on the seeds. The larvae have been described by Crumb, 1965, Forbes, 1954, and Poole, 1995. \n\nThere is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in mid-summer. They are nocturnal and are attracted to light. The larvae burrow into the heads of the host and feed on the seeds. The larvae have been described by Crumb, 1965, Forbes, 1954, and Poole, 1995. \n\nThere is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in mid-summer. They are nocturnal and are attracted to light. The larvae b" 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3694-TrophicStrategy 3694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere the sunflower Helianthus annuus has been recorded as a larval host. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3695-ConservationStatus 3695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3695-Cyclicity 3695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-May through mid- August; possibly two broods. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3695-Distribution 3695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia and New Brunswick west to Alberta and Colorado, south to the Gulf of Mexico. Throughout southeastern Alberta, north to the edge of the boreal forest and west to the edge of the foothills." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3695-GeneralDescription 3695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.0-2.4 cm. wingspan) moth with a dark black-brown forewing except for outer third, which is mottled pale tan and pale grey; crossed diagonally by a wide pale pink band which meets the pale terminal area just below the reniform spot. Hindwings light grey or grey brown. Sexes alike. Unmistakable.\n\n" 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3695-Habitat 3695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodland edges, mesic meadows throughout the parklands and grasslands regions." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3695-LifeCycle 3695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to lights. The larvae are described in Forbes, 1954. There is likely at least a partial second brood in southern Alberta. \n" 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3695-TrophicStrategy 3695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported larval hosts include docks (Rumex sp., including R. patientia), and smartweed (Polygonum sp.) (Rings et al, 1992); and goldenrod (Solidago
sp.) (Covell, 1984)." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3710-ConservationStatus 3710 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon at the northwestern edge of their range in Alberta. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3710-Cyclicity 3710 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in August. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3710-Distribution 3710 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An eastern species, occurring from New Brunswick west across southern Canada to western Alberta, south to Arizona, New Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. In Alberta it has been collected in the dryer southern part of the province, north to about Calgary and Dinosaur Provincial Park." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3710-GeneralDescription 3710 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large Abagrotis (3.8-4.3 cm wingspan). The forewings of males are dark red-brown, while those of females are usually lighter orange-brown. The markings consist of faint, doubled antemedian and postmedian lines, and a small oval orbicular and an elongate vertical reniform, both finely outlined in pale yellow-brown scales and at least partially filled with grey scales. The terminal area is usually paler and sharply defined from the remainder of the wing. The hindwings are dull brown-black with orange-brown fringe. The large size, dark red or orange-brown color and relatively complete pattern will separate alternata from the other Alberta species of Abagrotis. See also\nAbagrotis placida and cupida.\n" 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3710-Habitat 3710 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodland, shrubby areas, gardens and orchards, etc." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3710-LifeCycle 3710 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Abagrotis alternata have a single annual brood, with adults appearing in late summer. The larvae have been described and illustrated by Rings (1971). They are climbing cutworms and general feeders on a range of plants. In eastern North America they occasionally become serious pests on vegetable crops and in particular fruit trees, where they damage buds and new growth. The young larvae overwinter, and are reported to feed on dead leaves during the winter in warmer areas, developing through several instars and switching to new growth when it appears in spring. The adults are attracted to both light and sugar baits." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3710-TrophicStrategy 3710 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae have been found feeding on a wide variety of trees, shrubs and herbs including cherry and plum (Prunus), strawberry (Fragaria), tomato, potato, cabbage and oak (Quercus sp.) (Rings, 1971)." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2927-ConservationStatus 2927 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, but probably of no concern." 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2927-Cyclicity 2927 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to early September. 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2927-Distribution 2927 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Kearfott (1908) described the subspecies coloradella from Colorado and California. In Alberta, Bowman (1951) reported it from the Waterton, Lethbridge and Edmonton areas and it appears to be throughout the prairies and aspen parkland." 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2927-GeneralDescription 2927 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium to large crambid (21-32 mm wingspan). Antennae of males bipectinate (see drawing in Kearfott 1908). Forewing yellowish gray (clay color) with a narrow whitish line from base to end of cell, its outer half bounded above by a thicker dark brown line, this brown line faintly continues to terminal line below apex; with a brown oblique line running to apex; 3-5 small dark dots in terminal row. The male genitalia are illustrated in Landry (1995). Alberta material belongs to the subspecies coloradella Kft. Similar to T. fernaldella nortella, but the latter has the oblique line lighter, males have unipectinate antennae, and fernaldella tends to fly earlier." 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2927-Habitat 2927 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native grassland. 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2927-LifeCycle 2927 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2927-TrophicStrategy 2927 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2842-ConservationStatus 2842 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare, at the extreme western edge of it's range in southeastern Alberta." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2842-Cyclicity 2842 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity A worn adult was collected in Alberta in mid August. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2842-Distribution 2842 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada south of the Boreal forest, from New Brunswick west to eastern Alberta, south to GA, NE, and AR. In Alberta it has been collected only once to date (2001), in riparian shrub along the South Saskatchewan River near the Saskatchewan border, south of Empress. An eastern species that barely reaches Alberta in the dry southeastern part of the province." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2842-GeneralDescription 2842 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.2 cm wingspan) pale grey moth. The forewings have a prominent black basal dash, which forks upward and downward at the antemedian line, and a thin, prominent black streak through a dark patch (""dagger-mark"") in the anal angle. The cross-lines, with the exception of the postmedian line, are incomplete and indicated mainly by black marks where they meet the costa. The orbicular is a prominent pale spot narrowly outlined in dark scales. The reniform is vestigial, and consists of a dark marking the proximal side. The postmedian line is complete, s-shaped, doubled, and filled with white scales. The fringe is checkered, with the dark scales between the veins. The hindwing is dirty white in the male, darkening near the outer margin and along the outer veins, and light grey with a faint postmedian band in the female. Antennae in both sexes simple." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2842-Habitat 2842 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry deciduous woodland edge and tall shrub. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2842-LifeCycle 2842 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle A solitary defoliator of deciduous trees and shrubs. There is a single annual brood that overwinters in the pupal stage. Adults come to light. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2842-TrophicStrategy 2842 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A variety of deciduous trees and shrubs. No Alberta data, but elsewhere in Canada White elm (Ulmus americana) appears to be the main larval host, with the occasional record of pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanicus), Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana), Mountain ash (Sorbus sp.), White and Yellow birch (Betula papyrifera and B. lutea), and willow (Salix sp.). Other hosts include apple (Malus sp.), oak (Quercus) and hawthorn (Craetagus)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2843-ConservationStatus 2843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon in Alberta, but a widespread species. No reason for concern." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2843-Cyclicity 2843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from late May through July. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2843-Distribution 2843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout much of eastern North America and west across southern Canada to Vancouver Island and southward. In Alberta it has been collected across the southern half of the Boreal forest, in the foothills and along the wooded river valleys of the southern grasslands. To date (2002) it has not been collected in the Aspen parklands, where it also undoubtedly occurs." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2843-GeneralDescription 2843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (4.0-5.0 cm wingspan) grey and white dagger-moth. The lines, except for the postmedian line, are obsolete and indicated only by dark blotches where they would meet the costa. The postmedian line is incomplete and marked by a series of darker spots or small crescents, with the 'dagger-mark"" in the anal area prominent and enlarged. The area beyond the postmedian line is usually darker grey than the rest of the forewing, and there is a terminal line made up of black spots between the veins. The orbicular spot is a faint thin black oval, and the reniform is indicated by only a few dark scales. There is a thin but prominent black basal dash. The hind wing is white, with a series of black dots marking the terminal line. The females are larger and somewhat darker, especially on the hindwings. Antennae simple.\nThe Cottonwood Dagger Moth can be separated from the similar Fingered Dagger Moth (A. dactylina) by the black basal dash (absent in dactylina), and the crisper dark markings (smudged in dacylina). A. vulpina is also similar, but is larger, has broad chalky grey-white wings and a short, thick basal dash.\nAlberta specimens have been treated by Bowman (1951) as subspecies lepusculina, felina, and canadensis." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2843-Habitat 2843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and edges; riparian woodlands on the plains. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2843-LifeCycle 2843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The Cottonwood dagger moth is a solitary defoliator of poplars. The single annual brood each year overwinters as pupae. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2843-TrophicStrategy 2843 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere in Canada recorded hosts include mainly poplars (Populus spp., including P. tremuloides, P. balsamifera, P. nigra, P. grandidentata, P. trichocarpa and P. acuminata) and occasionally willows (Salix sp.) and Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)(Prentice 1962)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2844-ConservationStatus 2844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/3/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2844-Cyclicity 2844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking in late May to mid June." 4/3/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2844-Distribution 2844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Yukon and NWT south to New Mexico, east to southwestern Manitoba (Scott 1986)." 4/3/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2844-GeneralDescription 2844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Upperside dull ochre with a variable number of black eyespots. Underside striated black and white, median band generally not discernible. Very similar to but slightly larger than O. alberta, with a less well-defined median band, more rounded forewing shape, and more rusty upperside. O. alberta also has the ventral hindwing veins outlined in white.\nSubspecies varuna is found throughout most of Alberta. The Peace River grassland populations may be an unnamed subspecies (Bird et al. 1995). \n" 4/3/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2844-Habitat 2844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry montane and prairie grasslands; rare in pine woods of the southern boreal region. 4/3/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2844-LifeCycle 2844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "May be biennial in northwestern Canada, where it is more common in odd-numbered years (Scott 1986, Layberry et al. 1998). Larvae pupate under the soil, much like Riding's Satyr (Scott 1986). Males sometimes exhibit a stationary, hovering flight, possibly to locate females on the ground (Layberry et al. 1998). Uhler's Arctic can be extremely abundant in the sandhill parkland of east-central Alberta, possibly because the habit of pupating underground is facilitated by loose, sandy soil." 4/3/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2844-TrophicStrategy 2844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval foodplants are unknown, but may include species of fescue, junegrass and bluegrass (Festuca, Koeleria, and Poa) (Scott 1992)." 4/3/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2783-ConservationStatus 2783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local and uncommon; no concerns. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2783-Cyclicity 2783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults are on the wing from mid-June through mid-July. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2783-Distribution 2783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern New York north and west to southern P.Q. and Ontario west to central Alberta; south to Kansas and Colorado in the west and Ohio in the east. In Alberta it is local in the arid shortgrass prairie region and in the badlands; there is also an old specimen record from Edmonton. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2783-GeneralDescription 2783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.8-4.4 cm wingspan) moth with pinkish-maroon forewings and dirty white hindwings. The forewings are frosted with patches of grey and white scales, particularly in the basal area, along the lower margin and around the reniform. The orbcular and large reniform are also flled with pale scales, with a ring of dark ones in their centers. The subterminal line is strongly bordered distally with white scale, and the veins on the outer half of the forewing are lined with dark scales. The fringe is dark, except for a small white patch marking each vein. The hindwings are dirty white, with sooty-brown scales lining the veins and forming a dark shade along the outer edge.\nSimilar colored species include Sideridis maryx, S. rosea and Melanchra picta." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2783-Habitat 2783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Xeric habitats, including riparian woodland, badlands and sandy barrens." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2783-LifeCycle 2783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. The larvae and host plants are apparently unknown. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2783-TrophicStrategy 2783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy None 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2784-ConservationStatus 2784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rarely collected in Alberta, which is at the northeastern edge of its range." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2784-Cyclicity 2784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected in late June. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2784-Distribution 2784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout much of the Great Plains and Great Basin region, west to California south to Arixona, New Mexico and Texas, east to Nebraska and south Dakota. In Canada, it is found from the dry interior of southern BC east across southern Alberta to southeastern Saskatchewan. In Alberta, it has been found along the Lost River Valley and possibly at Dinosaur Provincial Park (needs confirming)." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2784-GeneralDescription 2784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0 cm wingspan) pale brownish grey moth. The antemedian and postmedian lines are almost complete, the later scalloped outward sharply at the veins. The terminal line is made up of a series of fine dark crescents between the veins. The most prominent marking is the reniform spot, which is a dark smudge. The hindwings are dirty white, darkening into a diffuse terminal band, and with the veins marked with dark scales. Very similar to Trichoclea antica, Scotogramma submarina, and species of Discestra, in particular D. ""alta"", all of which have darker hindwings.\nT. postica Smith has usually been treated as separate from T. decepta Grt., but Don Lafontaine and Jim Troubridge (pers. comm.) treat them a single species (decepta), a\ntreatment which we follow here." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2784-Habitat 2784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslandsa and badlands; sage-grass prairie. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2624-ConservationStatus 2624 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2624-Cyclicity 2624 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking in mid July." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2624-Distribution 2624 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central BC and southeastern Alberta south to California and northern New Mexico (Opler 1999). In Alberta, primarily found south of the Crowsnest Pass (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2624-GeneralDescription 2624 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The males of this species are the only coppers that are blue, and it is therefore more likely to be confused with the blues than other coppers. The greyish-white underside will distinguish both sexes of the Blue Copper from other blues and coppers: the forewing has very prominent black spots, while the hindwing markings are faint or absent." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2624-Habitat 2624 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry montane meadows and hillsides. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2624-LifeCycle 2624 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva is pale green with a covering of short hairs and pale lines (Layberry et al. 1998). The pupa is green with brown spots, and the egg presumably overwinters (Bird et al. 1995). Males patrol rather than perch, and visit damp earth (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2624-TrophicStrategy 2624 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on buckwheat (Eriogonum spp.) in the western states (Opler 1999). Subalpine and Sulphur Umbrella-Plant (E. umbellatum and E. flavum) are the most likely hosts in Alberta. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2912-ConservationStatus 2912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2912-Cyclicity 2912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in June. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2912-Distribution 2912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Manitoba, ND, SD, and NE south to NM in the Rockies (Richards 1939)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2912-GeneralDescription 2912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is mottled shades of grey, with a pale white-grey antemedian (AM) and postmedian (PM) band. The PM band is often chestnut brown. Prairie populations are dimorphic, with females exhibiting a comparatively uniform, unbanded light grey forewing. The hindwing is cream white with a wavy black PM and arginal band. The black discal crescent is joined to the PM band. Similar to D. petricola, but slighlty larger and lacks the black veins of the ventral forewing margin.\nThe nominate susbspecies occurs in the boreal and mountain region, while heathi occurs in the prairies. These two may be different species, more work is needed in areas where the ranges overlap or abutt." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2912-Habitat 2912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In or near dry, open coniferous woods." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2912-LifeCycle 2912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are day-active, but also come to light." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2912-TrophicStrategy 2912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, larvae of the mountain populations feed on Buffaloberry (Sheperdia canadensis) (Prentice 1962)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2913-ConservationStatus 2913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Few records, restricted to prairie badlands." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2913-Cyclicity 2913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in June. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2913-Distribution 2913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Alberta and Saskatchewan south to Texas and Baja California (Richards 1939). 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2913-GeneralDescription 2913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wing base and thorax reddish-brown, antemedian band broad and joined to reniform patch. The only Drasteria in Alberta without black markings in the basal half of the hindwing (black discal crescent absent). Black PM band broadly joined to marginal band." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2913-Habitat 2913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occurs in prairie badlands in Alberta. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2913-LifeCycle 2913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults come to light. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2913-TrophicStrategy 2913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hostplants are unknown. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2914-ConservationStatus 2914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Limited distribution in Canada. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2914-Cyclicity 2914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing from late May into June. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2914-Distribution 2914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta south to AZ (Richards 1939). Hooper (1990) states there is a specimen from Estuary, SK in the CNC but I was unable to locate this specimen; nonetheless, perplexa should occur in SK. Known as far north as the Red Deer River badlands east of Trochu, AB." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2914-GeneralDescription 2914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewing brown-grey with a paler postmedian patch; AM bad not discernible, with the basal half of the forewing concolourous. Marginal area paler brown-grey. Hindwing orange with a black margin and postmedian band, black discal crescent reduced and generally not connected to PM band.\nThe even, unmarked basal half of the forewing and ochre-orange hindwing distinguish the Perplexed Arches from other species in the province." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2914-Habitat 2914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, short-grass prairie." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2914-LifeCycle 2914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Comes to light, and not known to be day-active. This species has a local occurrence in Alberta, and is known only from the southern prairie region." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2914-TrophicStrategy 2914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3041-ConservationStatus 3041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Pest of onions and other agricultural crops, vector of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3041-Cyclicity 3041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3041-Distribution 3041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, B.C., Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan (Chiasson 1986), Cosmopolitan (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3041-GeneralDescription 3041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies around 1.2mm in length and is yellow, except for light brown blotches on the thorax and median parts of the abdominal tergites, which are yellowish-brown to brown to gray. Antennal segment 1 is light brown as are all the remaining antennal segments, except for segments 3 to 5, which have paler bases. The forewings are pale gray. The head is moderate in size. The prothorax is heavily setose, except for small bare areas on either side of the midline, posteriorly. The inner posterior pair of major setae is shorter than the dorsal length of the eye, and along the posterior margin of the prothorax, there are 3 pairs of setae between the major pairs of setae (Stannard 1968). The forewings have 4 to 6 apical bristles on the forevein (Nakahara 1994). Both males and females are macropterous (Stannard 1968). The abdominal pleurotergites have fine microtrichia along the lines of sculpture. There are 3 setae on the each lateral margin of abdominal tergite 2, and abdominal tergite 8 has a complete comb of long setae on the posterior margin. Tergite 9 has 2 campaniform sensilla, one on each side of the tergite. Males also have the comb on tergite 8, and have transversely elongated glandular areas on sternites 3 to 5 (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3041-Habitat 3041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Polyphagous (Nakahara 1994), commonly on onions, and in greenhouses (Stannard 1968)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3041-LifeCycle 3041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Most likely introduced to North America from the Mediterranean (Nakahara 1994). This species breeds in flowers and leaves (Moritz et al 2001). 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3041-TrophicStrategy 3041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feeds on onions, canola (Stannard 1968), mites and larvae of other thrips (Moritz et al 2001)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2954-ConservationStatus 2954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2954-Cyclicity 2954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2954-Distribution 2954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, B.C. (Chiasson 1986) and Palearctic (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2954-GeneralDescription 2954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 2mm in length and is dark brown except for antennal segment 3, the fore tarsi, and the apices of the fore tibiae, which are yellowish brown. The head is somewhat longer than broad, and is covered with weak transverse striations. Ocelli are present, and the postocular setae are minute. Antennal segment 3 has 1 inner and 1 outer sense cone, segment 4 has 2 inner and 2 outer sense cones, segment 7 has a narrow pedicel, and is broadly joined to segment 8. The major setae on the pronotum are short and pointed, though the anteromarginal setae are minute. The metanotum may be so weakly striate that it appears smooth. Each fore tarsus has a small tooth. The setae on the basal wing vein are small and pointed. The pelta is triangular and has several longitudinal striations (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2954-Habitat 2954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Crysanthemum leucanthemum, Trifolium sp. (Chiasson 1986), red clover (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2954-LifeCycle 2954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species has spread across the temperate parts of the world parthenogenetically, in Trifolium flowers (Mound and Marullo 1996). It was introduced to North America from Europe (Thomasson and Post 1966)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2954-TrophicStrategy 2954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species feeds on pollen (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2956-ConservationStatus 2956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2956-Cyclicity 2956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2956-Distribution 2956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan (Chiasson 1986). Holarctic, but mainly confined to Canada in North America (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2956-GeneralDescription 2956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 2mm in length and is generally dark brown. The fore tibiae are light brown to yellowish brown (Stannard 1968), and the apical fifth of the mid and hind tibiae are yellowish brown. The mid and hind tarsi are yellow or yellowish brown (Nakahara 1985). Antennal segments 1 and 2 are dark brown, segments 3 to 6 are yellow and segments 7 and 8 are light brown. The forewings each have a light brown spot at the base, and are otherwise colourless. The head is longer than wide and transversely striated. The eyes are somewhat large, and ocelli are present. The postocular setae are mid-sized and somewhat dilated. Antennal segment 3 has 1 outer sense cone, segment 4 has 2 outer and 2 inner sense cones, and segment 8 is broadly joined to segment 7 and is not pedicellate (Stannard 1968). The major setae on the prothorax are dilated, and the anteromarginal setae are well developed (Nakahara 1985). The metanotum is so weakly sculptured that it is almost smooth, (Stannard 1968) and the foretarsi lack a subapical tooth (Nakahara 1985). The pelta is triangular and has longitudinal reticulations. Two pairs of wing-holding setae are present on each of abdominal segments 2 to 7. The fustis is mid-sized, and the tube is short (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2956-Habitat 2956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dahlia flowers, Rosa sp., Anaphalis margaritacea and dead branches." 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2956-LifeCycle 2956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2956-TrophicStrategy 2956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species is predaceous on mites on dead branches (Mound et al 1976). 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2859-ConservationStatus 2859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2859-Cyclicity 2859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, flying mostly from mid July to early August." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2859-Distribution 2859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Labrador and Quebec, south to northern MT and WA, isolated populations in the Rocky Mountain States and New Hampshire (Scott 1986)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2859-GeneralDescription 2859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside is charcoal-slate and unmarked. The underside is finely mottled with grey and black, the median band is not usually discernible. No eyespots.\nSubspecies beanii, described from Lake Louise, occurs in the Alberta mountains." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2859-Habitat 2859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Rocky alpine tundra and scree slopes above treeline. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2859-LifeCycle 2859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Not known in Alberta. In New Hampshire, the grey-white eggs are laid on or near the host, and larvae vary from brown-green to reddish brown with a number of longitudinal lines, and take two years to mature. Pupation takes place under moss or stones (Scott 1986). Melissa Arctics fly every year in Alberta.\nMales patrol rock fields and ridge tops, while females are usually found at slightly lower elevations (Bird et al 1995). This Arctic is wary and difficult to approach, males are easily flushed and often move downslope before alighting again, where the underside blends perfectly with rocks and lichens." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2859-TrophicStrategy 2859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larval hosts are unconfirmed in Alberta. Carex rupestris is used in MB and NWT (Parshall in Scott 1986). Adults rarely nectar. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4111-ConservationStatus 4111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4111-Cyclicity 4111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid July through mid August. 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4111-Distribution 4111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A northern species, although it has not been recorded from the YT (Lafontaine & Wood 1997). Known from NWT, east to NS and NH (Ferguson 1954), apparently reaching its southern limit in the west in Alberta." 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4111-GeneralDescription 4111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This group of Dysstroma, consisting of D. citrata, suspectata, walkerata, and truncata, forms a complex of species which are often difficult to distinguish without resorting to genitalic differences. D. suspectata can usually be recognized by its dark brown-grey hindwing and forewing (particularly the underside), which is much darker than other Dysstroma. It occurs only in boggy forest habitats, such as black spruce bogs. McDunnough (1946) illustrates the male genitalia (as D. infuscata).\n\nOur populations belong to subspecies mackieata (Cass. & Swett).\n" 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4111-Habitat 4111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Associated with boggy forests in the mountain and northern boreal regions. 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4111-LifeCycle 4111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Data on the North American populations of this holarctic species are lacking. 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4111-TrophicStrategy 4111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on Populus (Handfield 1999), and likely other plants." 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4112-ConservationStatus 4112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4112-Cyclicity 4112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta the peak flight is from late July to mid August. 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4112-Distribution 4112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "temperate Eurasia. In North America, found south to northern New England and across southern Canada; southern range limit in the west uncertain and the Pacific Northwest uncertain. (Forbes 1948, Wagner et al. 2001)." 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4112-GeneralDescription 4112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This group of Dysstroma, consisting of D. citrata, suspectata, walkerata,and truncata, form a complex of species which are often difficult to distinguish without resorting to genitalic characters. D. citrata is usually the most common of the four, and generally flies later in the summer. It is smaller than walkerata, has a paler hindwing than suspectata, and poorly-defined, whitewashed forewing compared to truncata. The brown AM patch at the anal FW margin does not have a well-defined, round border as it does in truncata. The female genitalia are illustrated by McDunnough (1946), which are characterised by a distinctively large appendix bursa." 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4112-Habitat 4112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic deciduous and mixedwood forests and woodlands. 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4112-LifeCycle 4112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva is pale green with faint stripes, rolling its head under the thorax when disturbed; it rests in the typical geometrid pose, with the anterior part of the body raised at an angle above the substrate. The egg overwinters, unlike truncata which overwinters as a mature larva and consequently appears earlier in the spring (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light and also sugar bait (Ferguson 1954).\n\nThe larva is pale green with faint stripes, rolling its head under the thorax when disturbed; it rests in the typical geometrid pose, with the anterior part of the body raised at an angle above the substrate. The egg overwinters, unlike truncata which overwinters as a mature larva and consequently appears earlier in the spring (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light and also sugar bait (Ferguson 1954).\n\nThe larva is pale green with faint stripes, rolling its head under the thorax when disturbed; it rests in the typical geometrid pose, with the anterior part of the body raised at an angle above the substrate. The egg overwinters, unlike truncata which overwinters as a mature larva and consequently appears earlier in the spring (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light and also sugar bait (Ferguson 1954).\n\n" 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4112-TrophicStrategy 4112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A variety of deciduous shrubs, especially alder (Alnus) and willow (Salix); also on western hemlock in B.C. (Prentice 1963). Larvae of this genus and other larentiines usually feed on herbaceous plants, for which specific host plant records are rare; the use of herbaceous plants by D. citrata may therefore be more widespread than the current records indicate." 12/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3878-ConservationStatus 3878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3878-Cyclicity 3878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in mid to late July. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3878-Distribution 3878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Due to confusion with anataria in the literature, it is impossible to define the exact range for sp. nr. anataria. Macaria anataria occurs west only to MB (C. Schmidt, pers. comm.) and Alberta material thus belongs to sp. nr. anataria." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3878-GeneralDescription 3878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A species with primarily grey forewings, sometimes with a grey-brown area distal to the PM line; four dark, evenly spaced, prominent costal wedges, and a black discal spot. Hindwing slightly paler grey, also with a discal spot and a PM line. Males with pectinate antennae, females have slightly paler wings (but not significantly reduced in size) and filiform antennae. Macaria loricaria and exauspicata are similar; loricaria males have much larger antennal pectinations giving a more feathery appearance, and females have vestigial wings. Macaria exauspicata has a wider forewing and lacks the more pronounced concavity of the forewing apex in sp. nr. anataria (giving the latter a more notched appearance to the forewing). Species nr. anataria also has darker grey hindwings compared to exauspicata." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3878-Habitat 3878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Shrubby areas of the mountains, foothills and northern boreal, including wetlands and tundra." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3878-LifeCycle 3878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Published information for Macaria anataria does not differentiate between anataria and sp. near anatraia. The life histrory is probably very similar to that of M. anataria. There is a single annual brood, with adults in Alberta the last half of July. Adults come to light." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3878-TrophicStrategy 3878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "All but 4 of the many hostplant records for anataria in Prentice (1963) are from western Canada, and thus refer to sp. nr. anataria and not anartaria. Larval hosts listed are predominantly birches (Betula spp.), especially dwarf birch (B. glandulosa). Also on cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), alder (Alnus sp.) and a few collections on aspen (Populus tremuloides) and willow (Salix sp.)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3879-ConservationStatus 3879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/21/03 0:00 11/24/14 16:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3879-Cyclicity 3879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in mid to late July. 11/21/03 0:00 11/24/14 16:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3879-Distribution 3879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Yukon and northern BC east to Newfoundland; essentially a northern boreal species recorded south to west-central Alberta (McGuffin 1972). 11/21/03 0:00 11/24/14 16:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3879-GeneralDescription 3879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively non-descript grey-brown geometrid, although the three to four evenly spaced dark brown crescents along the forewing will usually distinguish it as an Itame. Darker PM line usually present on both fore and hindwing, often broad at the forewing anal margin to form a band extending at most halfway up wing. The fringe varies from dark brown to beige. The females have reduced forewings and rarely fly (Doak, 2000).\nClosely related to I. occiduaria (with which it was once considered to be conspecific), but the ground color is mousy brown not yellowish. Specimens of occiduaria from the foothills west of Calgary are brownish yellow somewhat approaching andersoni, but are slightly smaller with a more uniform color and not finely speckled with brown. The larvae also differ in color pattern (McGuffin 1956). Ferguson (1953) in revising this species group, failed to find consistent genitalic differences between occiduaria and andersoni.\n" 11/21/03 0:00 11/24/14 16:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3879-Habitat 3879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults fly in mid to late July. 11/21/03 0:00 11/24/14 16:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3879-LifeCycle 3879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "McGuffin (1956, 1972) describes the mature larva. Adults come to light, and also fly by day in bogs (Handfield 1999). McDunnough (1924) noted that it was common in bog birch (Betula glandulosa) wetlands near Nordegg, and presumed this was the hostplant. \nDoak (2000) provides life history information on this species in Alaska, where it overwinters as an egg, hatching in spring depending on May temperatures. Pupation takes place on the ground in plant debris or under rocks, adults emerge two weeks later. Eggs are laid singly, predominantly on rocks and gravel near the host plant.\n" 11/21/03 0:00 11/24/14 16:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3879-TrophicStrategy 3879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Eastern Canadian populations feed on blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) (Ferguson 1953). In Alaska, larvae feed only on mountain avens (Dryas drummondii). Adults do not feed (Doak 2000)." 11/21/03 0:00 11/24/14 16:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3881-ConservationStatus 3881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3881-Cyclicity 3881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies in July and August, peaking in mid July." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3881-Distribution 3881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to the Yukon and B.C., south to California (McGuffin 1972)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3881-GeneralDescription 3881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A grey geometrid with bold, black transverse lines on the forewing; the four dark costal wedges typical of the genus continue as AM, PM and median lines, the median line broadest and incorporating the discal spot. AM and PM line sometimes broken. Hindwing slightly paler, speckled grey with a faint (sometimes absent) PM line and discal spot, slightly darker marginal area. Sexes not dimorphic.\nSimilar to M. decorata, which has a speckled, not uniform grey, forewing ground colour, and lacks the thickened median line. Members of the genus Digrammia have a dark patch midway down the forewing submarginal area, absent in M. bitactata." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3881-Habitat 3881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist open woods and shrubby areas. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3881-LifeCycle 3881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The immature stages are detailed by McGuffin (1972). Adults come to light. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3881-TrophicStrategy 3881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on alder (Alnus sp.) and gooseberry (Ribes sp.) (Prentice 1963). 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3882-ConservationStatus 3882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/21/03 0:00 3/11/14 16:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3882-Cyclicity 3882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The peak adult flight period is mid July. 11/21/03 0:00 3/11/14 16:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3882-Distribution 3882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "NFLD and NS west to Alaska and BC; south to Massachussettes, Michigan and Wyoming; also n. Europe, Siberia and Japan." 11/21/03 0:00 3/11/14 16:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3882-GeneralDescription 3882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is the only Macaria with uniform ochre-brown wings; the males exhibit variably prominent dark transeverse lines, with the PM and AM lines sometimes fully developed. The three to four dark wedges along the forewing costa are not always present. Females are a lighter tan colour with well defined dark basal, AM and PM lines." 11/21/03 0:00 3/11/14 16:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3882-Habitat 3882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open coniferous forest in the boreal and mountain region; old dune complexes. 11/21/03 0:00 3/11/14 16:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3882-LifeCycle 3882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "McGuffin (1972) describes the immature stages. Adults come to light, but are also easily flushed during the day. This species is usually associated with bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) in dry pine woods and along south-facing slopes. \n" 11/21/03 0:00 3/11/14 16:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3882-TrophicStrategy 3882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Primarily heaths (Ericaceae) such as Vaccinium (Wood 1951); associated with bearberry (Arctostaphylos in Alberta. Other reported hosts include trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and buffaloberry (Sheperdia canadensis). Aspen and birch are probably only occasional or accidental hosts, as M. brunneata was not reported from extensive collections from these plants by the Forest Insect Survey (Prentice 1963)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/11/14 16:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3230-ConservationStatus 3230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3230-Cyclicity 3230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June, July and August." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3230-Distribution 3230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The species is found from Alberta east to Nova Scotia and south in the eastern United States to Pennsylvania (Bright, 1987)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3230-GeneralDescription 3230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is another species very similar to A. anxius. In adults, dorsally, the colour tends to be a dark coppery red, sometimes with purple reflections. These beetles maybe separated in part by host association, alder." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3230-Habitat 3230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Alder groves. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3230-LifeCycle 3230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid on live branches of birch or alder, hatching in about 2 weeks. Larval boring is irregular in habit, rapidly killing the branch. Mature larvae overwinter in pupal chambers, pupating the following spring, and emerging as adults in late May or June (Carlson and Knight, 1969)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3230-TrophicStrategy 3230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The species has been reared from alder (Alnus rugosa) and black birch (Betula nigra) in eastern North America (Carlson and Knight, 1969). In Alberta the specimen was associated with alder." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3888-ConservationStatus 3888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3888-Cyclicity 3888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults from early July to mid August. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3888-Distribution 3888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern Alberta east to southwestern Quebec (McGuffin 1972). In Alberta it is known from the Lethbridge - Waterton region. There are few Alberta records. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3888-GeneralDescription 3888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Ground colour pale to buttery yellow with variable maroon-brown markings. A series of three to four evenly-spaced brown dashes are usually present along the forewing costa. The brown patch present in the submarginal area sometimes forms a larger, broad submarginal band. Hindwing slightly paler, occasionally with a visible AM and PM line. Similar to M. sulphurea and M. occiduaria, but the wing fringe is yellow, not partially or entirely brown. There are also genitalic differences, illustrated by Forbes (1948) and McGuffin (1972)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3888-Habitat 3888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open woodlands and shrubby areas with currents or gooseberry. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3888-TrophicStrategy 3888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on the foliage of currants and gooseberries (Ribes spp.). 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3889-ConservationStatus 3889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but uncommon moth; no obvious concerns. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3889-Cyclicity 3889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through early July. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3889-Distribution 3889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across Canada in the southern boreal forest and transition zones, from Nova Scotia west to Vancouver Island, and south to California and Colorado in the west, and New York and Michigan in the east. In Alberta it has been collected north to Pocahontas and Edmonton, and south to Tolman Bridge and Calgary. A specimen reported from extreme northeastern Alberta (Macaulay and Pohl, 2002) has been re-identified as T. legitima." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3889-GeneralDescription 3889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.4-3.8 cm. wingspan) patterned red-brown, blue grey and black moth. The basal two-thirds of the wing are red-brown, crossed by narrow pale grey antemedian and post median lines. The area between the two lines contains the large, round blue-grey orbicular spot (as large as the reniform) and red-brown reniform spots. The reniform is joined to the pale blue-grey postmedian band by a line of grey scales along the lower branch of the cubital vein. The space immediately below the reniform is partially filled with black scales, and there is a rather prominent black claviform spot. The postmedian area is pale blue-grey, bordered distally by a barrow red-brown terminal area with a shallow w-mark dividing it midway. The hindwings are sooty brown, shading into a broad dark terminal band. Antennae simple and sexes similar. Easily mistaken for the more common, widespread and variable T. dodii. Dodii has a less prominent blue-grey postmedian band, and a smaller orbicular spot (smaller than the reniform.) which is partially filled with brown scales. T. legitima also has a less prominent orbicular spot, lacks the black scaling below the reniform and is more grey than brown in the lower basal area. There are also a number of genitalic characters that can be used to separate the three species." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3889-Habitat 3889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Meadows, wooded edges; open woodland and shrubby areas." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3889-LifeCycle 3889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light, and there is a single annual brood." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3889-TrophicStrategy 3889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are general feeders and have been reported on a variety of plants in a number of families, including Thimbleberry (Rubus); willow (Salix>), Epilobium, Prunus, Sambucus, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Spiraea latifolia, White birch (Betula papyrifera), dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium). (Handfield, 1999; Rockburne and Lafontaine, 1976)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4204-ConservationStatus 4204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4204-Cyclicity 4204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from late May to late June, peaking in mid June." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4204-Distribution 4204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A truly boreal species, ranging from northern BC east across the continent to Newfoundland, Massachusetts and the Great Lakes region (McGuffin 1977, Wagner et al. 2001)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4204-GeneralDescription 4204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are diurnal, but occasionally also come to lights. They can be abundant flying over labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum) bogs in June. Eggs are laid on the undersides of host leaves. The immature stages are described in detail by McGuffin (1977) and a mature larva is illustrated by Wagner et al. (2001)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4204-Habitat 4204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal peatlands. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4204-LifeCycle 4204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal, but occasionally also come to lights. They can be abundant flying over labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum) bogs in June. Eggs are laid on the undersides of host leaves. The immature stages are described in detail by McGuffin (1977) and a mature larva is illustrated by Wagner et al. (2001)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4204-TrophicStrategy 4204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Recorded from a variety of deciduous hosts, primarily in the heath family (Ericaceae), but also Viburnum; Spiraea, Prunus, Crataegus, Betula, Salix and Alnus. The coniferous hosts reported by Prentice (1963) are likely accidental hosts or errors." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4205-ConservationStatus 4205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon and local in Alberta. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4205-Cyclicity 4205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early June to early July. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4205-Distribution 4205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "East-central Alberta east to Nova Scotia, south to Florida and Texas; also in the Okanagan region of southern BC (McGuffin 1972). In Alberta this is an uncommon localized species, found associated with cherry copses in the drier parts of the aspen parklands and northen grasslands regions." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4205-GeneralDescription 4205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Eumacaria madopata is the only member of the genus in North America. The wing pattern is unique. The wings are grey with fine but distinct AM, median and PM lines. Marginal third of wings brown, with a row of indistinct submarginal dark spots on the forewing. Sexes similar, males with pectinate and females with filiform antennae." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4205-Habitat 4205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in Alberta only in cherry shrublands. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4205-LifeCycle 4205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "McGuffin (1972) gives a detailed description of the immature stages. It is single brooded, and adults come to light." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4205-TrophicStrategy 4205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on rosaceous shrubs, primarily cherry (Prunus sp.) but also apple (Pyrus malus). (Forbes 1948.)" 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4207-ConservationStatus 4207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4207-Cyclicity 4207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in July in BC. No information available for Alberta. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4207-Distribution 4207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to north-central Alberta, with a possibly disjunct population in interior BC. South in the East to Minnesota, Mississippi, Maryland and Georgia (McGuffin 1977, Wagner et al. 2001)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4207-GeneralDescription 4207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The hindwing margin is slightly more scalloped in Hypagyrtis than other similar, mid-sized grey geometrids; it is otherwise difficult to characterize this genus externally without visual comparison to similar species in the Boarmiini such as Aethalura, Iridopsis and Protoboarmia. This genus is taxonomically very difficult, and there are no reliable genitalic differences among piniata and unipunctaria; H. piniata is associated only with conifers in Alberta, and supposedly lacks the brownish shading in the subterminal area found in H. unipunctaria. Piniata females are much smaller than unipunctaria, with a wingspan of about 32mm compared to 38 - 40mm for unipunctaria; piniata males are only slightly smaller than unipunctaria, with slightly less scalloped hindwing margins (Handfield 1999)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4207-Habitat 4207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and coniferous boreal forest. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4207-LifeCycle 4207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The mottled green, brown and black larva resembles a conifer twig, and overwinters exposed on tree trunks and branches (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light (Handfield 1999)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4207-TrophicStrategy 4207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on conifers, especially balsam fir (Abies), white spruce (Picea), jack pine (Pinus)and tamarack (Larix)(Prentice 1963). Despite their apparently broad acceptance of conifer hosts, this species is not know from the southern boreal or foothills region in Alberta." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4307-ConservationStatus 4307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/16/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4307-Cyclicity 4307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from August to October in BC (Jones 1951); no Alberta data available. 2/16/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4307-Distribution 4307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution BC and western Alberta south to Oregon (McGuffin 1987). 2/16/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4307-GeneralDescription 4307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The September Thorn, like several other large geometrids that fly in the fall, is bright rust-brown or yellowish. The discal spots are small and black but distinct; wings with a pointed protrusion at mid-margin.\nSimilar to the extremely variable Prochoerodes trnasversata, but the PM line joins the wing margin in a straight line, whereas it angles sharply toward the thorax near the apex in transversata. Synaxis jubararia is very similar, but pallulata has heavier crosslines with more dark mottling. No structural differences between jubararia and pallulata are known.\n" 2/16/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4307-Habitat 4307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane coniferous forest. 2/16/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4307-LifeCycle 4307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The mature larva is marbled brown and dark grey, with a faint herringbone pattern dorsally; there are two other larval colour morphs, one cream-green the other brown. Pupation is in the upper soil layers, and the egg presumably overwinters (Duncan 2003)." 2/16/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4307-TrophicStrategy 4307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed primarily on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga) and hemlock (Tsuga), and occasionally on spruce (Picea), fir (Abies), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) (Prentice 1963)." 2/16/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5138-Cyclicity 5138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The only Alberta record is a single specimen collected July 18, 2001." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5138-Distribution 5138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widespread in eastern North America; in Canada from Newfoundland west to extreme northeastern Alberta. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5138-GeneralDescription 5138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (approx. 2.7 –3.833 cm wingspan). Forewings blue-grey moth with rust and black markings. The basal area and the area in and around the reniform rust brown, area before and lower part of reniform black. Orbicular large, clear blue grey. The claviform spot is a contrasting small black or brown filled wedge.\nVery similar to T. rugosa and in particular T. tacoma, but both lack the rust-brown on the forewings found in legitima. There are also differences in the male genitalia." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5138-Habitat 5138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs in meadows, clearings, edges, gardens. etc." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5138-LifeCycle 5138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but also fly and nectar during cloudy days. There is a single annual brood." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5138-TrophicStrategy 5138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Crumb (1956) reported it was a general feeder, and Handfield (1999) lists over 20 genera of plants. Preferred hosts include slender grasses in the genera Muhlengergia and Agrostis (Godfrey). An occasional pest of garden vegetables, tobacco, grasses and other plantings (Covell, 1984)." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4235-ConservationStatus 4235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4235-Cyclicity 4235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are on the wing from early June to early July (Freeman, 1972: 696)." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4235-Distribution 4235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from Lac La Biche in Alberta. Also recorded from the vicinity of Big River in Saskatchewan (Pohl et al., in prep.) and northern Ontario." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4235-GeneralDescription 4235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Antenna with alternating black and white annulations. Head rusty, Thorax and forewing yellowish brown. Fringe whitish. Hind wing pale grey; fringe whitish. Fore- and mid-tibiae purplish black inwardly, whitish outwardly. Hind leg cream colored. Wingspread 10.0-11.5 mm. (Freeman, 1972: 696). Male genitalia is discussed and illustrated in Freeman (1972: 696; fig. 26).\nIn Alberta, this species can be distinguished from other Argyresthia species by its smaller size, uniform yellowish-brown color of forewings, and its food plant, balsam fir. To an extent it resembles A. columbia, but its color, male genitalia, and food plants are different." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4235-Habitat 4235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Primarily boreal habitats with the larval food plant, balsam fir (Abies balsamea)." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4235-LifeCycle 4235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva bores in the terminal twigs of balsam fir (Freeman, 1972: 696)." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4235-TrophicStrategy 4235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "All type material reared from larvae on balsam fir, Abies balsamea (Freeman, 1972: 696)." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3033-ConservationStatus 3033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3033-Cyclicity 3033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3033-Distribution 3033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, England, Germany (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3033-GeneralDescription 3033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body length varies around 1.4mm. The body is brown with foretibiae yellow apically and medially, midtibiae are yellow distally and medially and hind tibiae have yellow apices. Antennae are brown except for segment 3, which is yellowish brown, and segment 4, which is yellowish brown basally. The head is broader than long, and ocellar setae pair 3 may be either laterad or posterolaterad of the anterior ocellus. Antennae are 7 segmented. The pronotum is weakly sculptured with transverse striae, and the posteroangular setae are as long as the pronotum. Median discal setae are not present along the posterior third of the pronotum. Both males and females are brachypterous. The median setae on tergite 1 are as well developed as the median setae on the other segments, and there are 4 lateral setae on tergite 2. On tergite 8, the posteromarginal comb is interrupted medially. Tergites 2 through 7 are sculptured with low posteromarginal scallops, and tergite 9 has 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla. On males, each of sternites 3 to 7 has a transverse oval glandular area (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3033-Habitat 3033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Carex vulpina, Triglochin maritima (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3033-LifeCycle 3033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3033-TrophicStrategy 3033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3034-ConservationStatus 3034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3034-Cyclicity 3034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3034-Distribution 3034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson 1986), Manitoba (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3034-GeneralDescription 3034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 1.34 to 1.45mm in length and is whitish-yellow, with a darker yellow thorax. The legs are paler than the body, and the forewings are pale yellow. Antennal segment 1 is pale yellow, 2 is slightly darker, 3 is pale, but shaded distally with brown, as is the basal half of segment 4. Antennal segment 5 is yellow basally and brown distally, segments 6 and 7 are brown. The head is broader than long, and ocellar setae pair 3 is long and outside of the ocellar triangle. Antennae are 7 segmented with segments 3 and 4 slender and strongly constricting distally. The postocular setae are somewhat long. The pronotum is transversely reticulate, with 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae. The forevein on the forewings has 2 distal setae. There are 4 lateral setae on tergite 2 and a complete posteromarginal comb on tergite 8. Tergite 9 has 2 pairs of sensilla, and the pleurotergites lack accessory setae (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3034-Habitat 3034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alnus sp., Ledum sp., Lathyrus venosus (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3034-LifeCycle 3034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3034-TrophicStrategy 3034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species feeds on pollen (Chiasson 1986). 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2929-ConservationStatus 2929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Moderately rare. 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2929-Distribution 2929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found only in Alaska in United States and in western Canada. In Alberta the two specimens were collected in the central region in the mountains near the B.C. border. 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2929-GeneralDescription 2929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Maxillary palp with short terminal segment, as in the genus Bembidion, large hemispherical eyes, and prothorax and elytra with pubescence. Black, very shiny, with brass or inpart greenish lustre, appendages not paler. Elytra punctate, interrupted by 3 smooth transverse bands. Whitish pubescence very short. Length 3.6-4.4 mm." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2929-Habitat 2929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs on banks of running water, but prefers more or less clayish soil; also in leaf litter." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2929-TrophicStrategy 2929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2948-ConservationStatus 2948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2948-Cyclicity 2948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2948-Distribution 2948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson 1986), and widespread throughout Europe and North America (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2948-GeneralDescription 2948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies between 2.5 and 4mm in length and is mainly dark brown. The bases of the intermediate antennal segments, the fore tibiae, and the base and apex of the mid and hind tibiae are yellow to yellowish brown. White dots are present on the anterolateral margin of abdominal segments 3 to 8. The head is reticulate and has many well-developed cheek warts. The fore femora are large and each has an inner, subapical spur. Each fore tarsus has a prominent tooth. Both males and females are macropterous, and the wings are moderately broad throughout. The abdomen and pelta are reticulated. In males, the median portion of abdominal sternite 8 has a narrow transverse glandular area. Larvae can have prominent head horns (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2948-Habitat 2948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Under the bark of Populus sp. (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2948-LifeCycle 2948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2948-TrophicStrategy 2948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Feeds on fungal mycelium (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3051-ConservationStatus 3051 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3051-Cyclicity 3051 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been recorded on July 24, August 25 and September 5." 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3051-Distribution 3051 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species range extends from British Columbia, south to California and Colorado (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3051-GeneralDescription 3051 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are very dark grey and the vertex of the head is black, fading posterad to red-brown. Legs are yellow except the hindlegs are a darker straw colour. Spurs are red-brown and the formula is 1, 3, 4. In males, the distal article of the clasper is irregularly and gradually tapered distad. The distal half is dagger-like (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3051-Habitat 3051 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Streams and possibly some lake shores. 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3051-LifeCycle 3051 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Two years life-cycle. Larvae will diapause in the mid-summer before pupating. 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3051-TrophicStrategy 3051 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae graze on diatoms and scrape rocks for fine organic particles. 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2994-ConservationStatus 2994 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2994-Cyclicity 2994 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity May to September. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2994-Distribution 2994 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From the Yukon in the west to New Brunswick in the east and south to Arizona (Evans 1957, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2994-GeneralDescription 2994 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This common species is similar to C. ferrea, in form. Adults distinguished by their less angulate pronotum, more sinuate at the base, and the abdomen having relatively little pubescence. The colour is a dark coppery gray. The elytral apices are elongated and brightly bronzed." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2994-Habitat 2994 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal and Montaine. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2994-LifeCycle 2994 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults oviposit on injured and stressed poplar trees sometimes using other insect exit holes and galls as access sites. Adults may be found resting a variety of other types of trees, including conifers." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2994-TrophicStrategy 2994 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reared from aspen and poplar in Alberta. Known to breed in poplar (Populus spp.) elsewhere (Evans 1957, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3891-ConservationStatus 3891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3891-Cyclicity 3891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in spring, peaking in May." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3891-Distribution 3891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Found across most of temparate North America from Alaska to Florida. Also occurs in the Palaearctic region (McGuffin 1977). 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3891-GeneralDescription 3891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A light gray moth with indistinct mottling and poorly-defined AM, median and PM lines. Recognizable by the very short male antennal pectinations and the dark patch in the subterminal line in the middle of the forewing, opposite the discal cell." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3891-Habitat 3891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal mixedwood and aspen forests. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3891-LifeCycle 3891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid in groups of 10 to 20 in bark crevices and under moss on tree boles, hatching in about a week. Young larve feed on understory plants, while older larvae move into the tree canopy (Morris 1970). The pupa overwinters in the duff layer on the ground. The twig-mimicking larvae (Saddleback Looper) have occasionally caused noticeable defoliation in BC (McGuffin 1977). A detailed larval description is given by McGuffin (1977) and the mature larva is illustrated by Wagner et al. (2001)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3891-TrophicStrategy 3891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A wide range of host plants are used by the larvae, the most common species recorded by Prentice (1963) being conifers including hemlock(Tsuga), fir (Abies), douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga), larch (Larix), cedar(Thuja) and spruce (Picea)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3232-ConservationStatus 3232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon; possibly a pest. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3232-Cyclicity 3232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June and July. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3232-Distribution 3232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The western subspecies, Agrilus granulatus populi is found from southern British Columbia and Alberta south to California (Bright 1987)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3232-GeneralDescription 3232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The coppery, greenish or bluish elytra with yellowish to white spots and pubescent head separate this species from the other members of the liragus complex. The specimens I have examined from British Columbia are shorter than anxius and liragus." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3232-Habitat 3232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Poplar groves. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3232-LifeCycle 3232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Similar to other members of the liragus complex. Adults prefer the smaller limbs of stressed or dying trees. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3232-TrophicStrategy 3232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Reared from poplar. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3233-ConservationStatus 3233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3233-Cyclicity 3233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3233-Distribution 3233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species ranges from central Alberta east to New Brunswick and south to Michigan (Bright 1987). 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3233-GeneralDescription 3233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "These beetles are similar in appearance to those of anxius, the pronotum lacks prehumeral carinae. The male aedeagus is also diagnostic." 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3233-Habitat 3233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal forest. 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3233-LifeCycle 3233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unrecorded. 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3233-TrophicStrategy 3233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Reared from willow in the east (Bright 1987). 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3234-ConservationStatus 3234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3234-Cyclicity 3234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June, July and August." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3234-Distribution 3234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "North America (Bright, 1987)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3234-GeneralDescription 3234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is a very broad ranging and variable species. It is likely to contain several cryptic species. The pygidium lacks a projecting ridge, the elytral colour tends towards green, coppery or leaden. This species is similar to A. burkei and A. pseudocoryli. There is great difficulty separating A. burkei, from politus. At one time, burkei was a subspecies of politus. In Alberta there are blue ""politus"" mixed in with the usual coppery ones. Either the blue ones are confused burkei or there is really no difference and they are all one species, politus." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3234-Habitat 3234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Willow thickets. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3234-LifeCycle 3234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unrecorded. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3234-TrophicStrategy 3234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reared from willow and maple (Bright, 1987). In Alberta the beetles have been collected on alder, aspen, birch, spruce, lodgepole pine, balsam poplar and willow. All Alberta rearing records are from willow." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3235-ConservationStatus 3235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3235-Cyclicity 3235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3235-GeneralDescription 3235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bright (1987) with considerable hesitation, continued to recognize this species. The beetles are similar to those of A. politus, but differ on the structure of the middle claws of the male." 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3235-TrophicStrategy 3235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported to feed on hazel (Bright, 1987)." 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3236-Cyclicity 3236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3236-Distribution 3236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species occurs in southern British Columbia and southern Alberta south through the western United States (Bright, 1987)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3236-GeneralDescription 3236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is very similar to A. politus, differing in host choice and colour of the elytra. The elytra are deep blue to bluish green in colour. See comments under Agrilus politus. The burkei listed below may not be burkei, as in two cases the beetles are associated with willow not alder." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3236-TrophicStrategy 3236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported to breed on alder (Bright, 1987). In Alberta, some specimens were associated with willow." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3237-Cyclicity 3237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3237-Distribution 3237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The range is primarily in eastern Canada and south through eastern United States with a disjunct population in Alberta (Bright 1987). Extensive thickets of hawthorn are found in the Cypress Hills. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3237-GeneralDescription 3237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "In this species, the beetle's elytra are reddish or have a purple tinge at the apex. The head is green on the front turning coppery brown on the top in the male or entirely coppery in the female." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3237-TrophicStrategy 3237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Reared from hawthorn. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3054-ConservationStatus 3054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3054-Cyclicity 3054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from early May to late September, peaking in August." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3054-Distribution 3054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range for this species extends from Alaska, east to the northeastern United States and south to New Mexico. In Alberta, this species can be found in the low mountain valleys to the plains (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3054-GeneralDescription 3054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are straw-yellow and the vertex of the head a dark straw-yellow. Sours are dark yellow. In males, the clasper articles are uniformly tapered distad. The tips are curved downward and have terminal, black, acuminate teeth (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3054-Habitat 3054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Ubiquitous. This species inhabits streams and possibly some lakes. 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3054-LifeCycle 3054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual. Pupate in June to October and adults will lay eggs in September. 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3054-TrophicStrategy 3054 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are algae scrappers, shredders and detritovores." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:17 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3055-ConservationStatus 3055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Only three specimens collected, relatively rare." 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3055-Cyclicity 3055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid-May to late June. 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3055-Distribution 3055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "There have been three specimens collected of this species, in Alberta only. The localities are in mountainous country, close to alpine regions in altitude (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3055-GeneralDescription 3055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults antennae are brownish black and the vertex of the head black. Spur formula is 1, 3, 3. In males, the clasper distal segment is tri-lobed. The dorso-lateral lobe is deeply cleft longitudinally (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3055-Habitat 3055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Sub-alpine steams with gravel or small boulder bottoms (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2968-ConservationStatus 2968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2968-Cyclicity 2968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2968-Distribution 2968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986), North Dakota (Thomasson and Post, 1966)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2968-GeneralDescription 2968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is generally black with antennal segments 1 and 2 the same colour as the head, segment 3 is yellowish brown, segment 4 and 5 gradually darken, and segments 6 to 8 are dark brown. The tarsi and the apex of the tube are brown. The head is slightly longer than broad and the vertex is not produced. The cheeks are rough and bear spines that are directed anteriorly. The dorsal and lateral regions of the head are slightly reticulated, and the postocular setae are well developed and blunt. All the major prothoracic setae are present, well developed and blunt. In macropterous specimens the fore wings are dark basally, and lack accessory fringe cilia. The pelta is large and nearly as wide as the abdomen, and the tube is almost as long as the head (Thomasson and Post, 1966)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2968-Habitat 2968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Plant leaves in a bog (Chiasson, 1986)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2968-LifeCycle 2968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2968-TrophicStrategy 2968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown (Mound and Marullo, 1996)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2991-ConservationStatus 2991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2991-Cyclicity 2991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2991-Distribution 2991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This is primarily an eastern and southern species just getting into southern Alberta. In Canada the species is found east to Nova Scotia, and south in the United States to Alabama and Georgia (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2991-GeneralDescription 2991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar in appearance to beetles of D. hesperoborealis and D. callosa. The channel on the pronotum tends to be a bit shallower and the punctures on the pronotum tend to be less course. The adults are similar to D. caudata but differ in the shape of the pronotum, being widest at the middle and the elytral striae are usually distinctly visible." 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2991-Habitat 2991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Hardwood stands. 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2991-LifeCycle 2991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle These beetles are reported to feed in the heart wood of a variety of dead trees (Knull 1922). The Alberta specimen was associated with birch. 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2991-TrophicStrategy 2991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported to feed on a variety of hardwoods, including maple, birch, cherry (Prunus spp.) and elm (Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2992-ConservationStatus 2992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2992-Cyclicity 2992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2992-Distribution 2992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alberta east to Nova Scotia and south to Arizona and Louisiana (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2992-GeneralDescription 2992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The shape of the pronotum is diagnostic for separating D. divaricata and caudata. The pronotum of adult caudata is widest towards the base, where as for divaricata the pronotum is widest at the middle. Elytral striae tend to be faintly impressed." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2992-Habitat 2992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal hardwoods. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2992-LifeCycle 2992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unrecorded. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2992-TrophicStrategy 2992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Known from alder, birch and cherry (Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2993-ConservationStatus 2993 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2993-Cyclicity 2993 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June, July and August." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2993-Distribution 2993 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "South-eastern British Columbia to Quebec and south to Florida and Texas (Evans 1957, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2993-GeneralDescription 2993 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description This species may be distinguished by the subangulate shape of the pronotum and pubescence of the abdomen. The colour is a dull black on the specimens examined. Bright (1987) records a mottled iron gray with a faint tint of brown. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2993-Habitat 2993 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Aspen groveland. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2993-TrophicStrategy 2993 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Uncertain, possibly aspen and willow." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3231-ConservationStatus 3231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This is a common species, and is sometimes a pest to stressed aspen." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3231-Cyclicity 3231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June, July." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3231-Distribution 3231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The species is a widely distributed species, found from British Columbia to New Brunswick and south in the United States to Arizona (Bright 1987)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3231-GeneralDescription 3231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The beetle's appearance is very similar to those of A. anxius. Adults have blackish elytra, which tends to have an indistinct coppery reflection and may have a pair of indistinct pubescent spots. The claws are more loosely attached, than in anxius, showing more membrane at their base. The bases of the claws in anxius tend to be swollen compared to liragus. The pygidial spine on female liragus projects strongly and is rather cylindrical. The elytral tips tend to be more strongly serrate and acutely pointed in female liragus than in female anxius. Males may be identified by aedeagal structure. This species may be identified on host plant association, aspen and poplars." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3231-Habitat 3231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Poplar woodland. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3231-LifeCycle 3231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life history is similar to A. anxius. Females prefer to oviposit on dying or severely damaged trees. On hatching the larvae bore into the cambial layer, mining chiefly in the phloem. Galleries tend to wander and meander. Pupal chambers are often made in the xylem or thick bark. Adults emerge in the spring, feeding on poplar leaves before mating and oviposition. The lifecycle is typically two years (Barter, 1965; Baker, 1972)" 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3231-TrophicStrategy 3231 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "These beetles appear to be specific to poplar trees (Barter, 1965; Baker, 1972). Reared from Russian poplar and aspen in Alberta." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4237-ConservationStatus 4237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common in Alberta. 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4237-Cyclicity 4237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in spring and early summer (Johnson 2000) and have been collected in Alberta in May. 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4237-Distribution 4237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from the southern half of Alberta. The range of these beetles is confined to western North America, from Oregon and central Colorado north into Alberta (El-Moursy 1970)." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4237-GeneralDescription 4237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Length greater than 6.5 mm. Body form oval, convex, blackish-piceous (Casey 1912) with fine ash-coloured pubescence (Downie et al. 1996). This species is closely related to B. americanus and has similar elytral markings except outer black vitta (longitudinal stripe) represented by 2 or 3 small indiscernible spots (El-Moursy 1970 and LeConte 1854). Labrum triangular (El-Moursy 1970) and the last joint of the palpi oval and less truncate than B. americanus (LeConte 1854). Antennomeres 1 and 11 darker (Downie et al. 1996). Pronotum and elytra sparsely and finely microreticulate (Johnson 1991). Pronotal punctures small and well separated by spaces greater than own diameter; punctures on frons large and shallow while punctures on elytra are deep (Johnson 1991). Male genitalia with median lobe bluntly pointed at apex and parameres with apices rounded (El-Moursy 1970). Female genitalia presently unidentifiable (Hatch 1961). Larvae with large hypognathous head (head and mouth directed ventrally) with distinctive ventral epicranial ridges and 6 stemmata. Similar in body form to larvae of Chrysomelidae but with noticeable lacinia and articulated galea (LeConte 1854)." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4237-Habitat 4237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Adults are found in mosses, moist sand or soil and under logs, bark and stones (El-Moursy 1961)." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4237-LifeCycle 4237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults may occasionally be found in the soil of seedlings in nurseries (Lawrence 1991 and Lawrence et al. 2000) and sometimes as washup or windblown drift on beaches (Johnson 200). Larvae burrow under moss and underlying substrate (Johnson 2000). When disturbed, adults pull in their appendages and remain motionless. This behaviour creates the appearance of a small pebble or pill, hence the common name (El-Moursy 1961)." 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4237-TrophicStrategy 4237 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults and larvae are herbivorous on the leaves and rhizoids of mosses and liverworts (El-Moursy 1961 and Lawrence et al. 2000). 1/30/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3153-ConservationStatus 3153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not collected often, possibly uncommon." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3153-Cyclicity 3153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late August to mid-October. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3153-Distribution 3153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species range extends from Alaska, south to Wyoming and Oregon. In Alberta, there is only one local population in the lower foothills near Edson (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3153-GeneralDescription 3153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are light yellowish brown and vertex of the head deep reddish brown with paler warts. Spurs are brown. The distal article of the clasper in males is rectangular in outline and has a triangular disto-ventral process (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3153-Habitat 3153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Smaller streams with rocky beds. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3153-TrophicStrategy 3153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3154-ConservationStatus 3154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3154-Cyclicity 3154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are found from mid-August to early October. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3154-Distribution 3154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia and Alberta, south to Wyoming and California. In Alberta, this species is mainly confined to the mountains (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3154-GeneralDescription 3154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are dark brown and the vertex of the head is uniformly dark brown. Spurs are dark brown. The distal article of the clasper in males is sharply clefted longitudinally and the lobes are overlapped, like scissors (Nimmo, 1971).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3154-Habitat 3154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Can be found in a wide range of habitats; fast or slow, small and large, rocky and pebbly creeks." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3154-TrophicStrategy 3154 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3155-ConservationStatus 3155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3155-Cyclicity 3155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in late September. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3155-Distribution 3155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia and Alberta, south to Utah. In Alberta, this species is only known from two areas, located at the bottom of major valleys, approximately 3500 feet in altitude (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3155-GeneralDescription 3155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are dark brown and the vertex of the head is dark brown, lightening laterally and postero-mesally. The dorsum of segment 9 in males is humped. Dorso-median process on segment 10 is robust and has a barb disto-ventrally (Nimmo, 1971).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3155-Habitat 3155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Varies from large mountain rivers to small forest creeks. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3155-TrophicStrategy 3155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3156-ConservationStatus 3156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3156-Cyclicity 3156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid-July to late September. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3156-Distribution 3156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska, south to Montana and Oregon. In Alberta, this species is largely confined to the foothills, with one record in Swan Hills as well (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3156-GeneralDescription 3156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are deep yellow-brown with pale annular sutures. The vertex of the head is dark brown anteriorly, paling posteriorly. Segment 9 in males, dorsal-posterior edge is not developed posterad. The basal article of the clasper is deeply indented on the ventral edge (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3156-Habitat 3156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Smaller, gravel or small boulder hill creeks." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3156-LifeCycle 3156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species can tolerate warmer and siltier habitats than other members from Rhyacophila, commonly found in the lower reaches of costal creeks and rivers in the United States (LaFontaine, 1983).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3156-TrophicStrategy 3156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3082-ConservationStatus 3082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3082-Distribution 3082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is so far only known from Alberta, with one record from Lethbridge in the south and Fort Vermilion in the north (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3082-GeneralDescription 3082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are reddish-brown and the spurs are red-brown, except the foreleg spurs which are black. Forewings are golden brown, extensively irrorate on the distal and posterior portions. In males, the clasper is shaped like an inverted-acute triangle. The distal edge of the circus is roundly incised (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3082-Habitat 3082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Uncertain, possibly in the prairie areas." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3082-LifeCycle 3082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3082-TrophicStrategy 3082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are detritovores. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2849-ConservationStatus 2849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2849-Cyclicity 2849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking in May." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2849-Distribution 2849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska south to northern Montana along the Rocky Mountain front ranges, east to southern Quebec (Scott 1986). Occurs throughout Alberta, but is absent from most of the prairie region (Bird et al 1995)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2849-GeneralDescription 2849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Eyepsots absent. Upperside dark brown with a large, diffuse dark-ochre patch in the forewing median area. Underside similar, but with a light brownish-grey frosting on outer half of hindwing and forewing apex.\nThe only other Erebia in Alberta that lacks eyespots is magdalena." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2849-Habitat 2849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist meadows and fens. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2849-LifeCycle 2849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The barrel-shaped eggs are laid singly on the hostplant, and hatch in 9 - 11 days (Bird et al. 1995). Larvae, which likely overwinter, are cream-coloured with dark, diagonal lines.\nOne of the first butterflies to emerge in the spring along with Boreal Azures." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2849-TrophicStrategy 2849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larval hosts in Alberta remain to be confirmed. Larvae eat bluegrass (Poa) species, including lawn grass in captivity (Bird et al. 1995) and Canby's Bluegrass (Poa canbyi) in Manitoba (W. Krivda in Hooper 1973). Scott (1986) also lists P. glauca and P. alpina." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3020-ConservationStatus 3020 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3020-Cyclicity 3020 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3020-Distribution 3020 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This is a wide ranging species. It found from the Northwest Territories south to Mexico, and from British Columbia to New Brunswick (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3020-GeneralDescription 3020 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description This is another large Chrysobothris species. Similar to C. verdigripennis in having the tips of the antennal segments tipped with yellow or orange. The clypeus is margined. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3020-Habitat 3020 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3020-TrophicStrategy 3020 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is known from pine, larch, fir and spruce (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987). In Alberta adults have been associated with spruce and charred jack pine." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3021-ConservationStatus 3021 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3021-Cyclicity 3021 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3021-GeneralDescription 3021 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "These beetles are black with a coppery lustre. Callosities on the frons are more strongly developed than on beetles of C. trinervia. The clypeal emargination is margined, similar to that seen in C. dentipes. Each elytron has 3 costae, interrupted at several locations by foveae." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3021-Habitat 3021 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3021-LifeCycle 3021 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unrecorded. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3021-TrophicStrategy 3021 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "These beetles have been reared from a variety of pines, and a tamarack. In Alberta adults have been associated with and reared from lodgepole pine." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3729-ConservationStatus 3729 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but inconspicuous moth; no concerns 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3729-Cyclicity 3729 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta and Saskatchewan in late June and early July. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3729-Distribution 3729 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Quebec across Canada north to the Northwest Territories and Alaska, south to Washington, Colorado and Rhode Island. In Alberta it has been collected in the Wainwright and Brooks areas, but based on Saskatchewan records, should also occur throughout the boreal forest region." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3729-GeneralDescription 3729 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.5-2.0 cm wingspan) wasp-like clearwing moth. The head, antennae and body are mostly dark brown to black, except for abdominal segments 4 and 5, which are red-orange. The forewings are long and narrow, mostly hyaline (without scales). The outer one-quarter of the forewings is separated from the rest of the wing by a dark oblique red-brown discal bar. The outer half of the area beyond the discal bar is filled with rusty-orange scales. The hindwings are hyaline and without markings, except that the veins are finely lined with dark scales. Both fore and hindwings have narrow dark terminal lines and fringes. The small size, bright red-orange abdominal bands and in particular the rusty-orange terminal area of the forewings will separate bolteri from other Alberta clearwing moths." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3729-Habitat 3729 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open areas with low growing willows 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3729-LifeCycle 3729 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are diurnal, and males are attracted to females by pheromones. Like all sessids, the larvae are borers in the host plant. Bolteri are apparently associated only (?) with the abnormal growths on low growing willows caused by the coleopterans Cryptorhynchus lapathi and Saperda concolor (Englehardt, 1946:85)." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3729-TrophicStrategy 3729 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae are feed in abnormal growths on low growing willows (Salix sp.). 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3711-ConservationStatus 3711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Very rare and local in extreme southern Alberta, which is at the northeastern edge of their range." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3711-Cyclicity 3711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in mid August. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3711-Distribution 3711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Western montane; southern British Columbia including Vancouver Island south to central Utah and central California. Several specimens collected at Writing-on-stone Provincial Park in extreme southern Alberta appear to be the only records from west of the Continental Divide. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3711-GeneralDescription 3711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of the larger (3.5-3.8 cm wingspan) Abagrotis sp. The rather broad forewings are pale pinkish-brown or grey-buff with a narrow oblong reniform spot, darker in the upper and lower part, and with a series of fine dots marking the outer edge of the postmedian line. The hindwings are pale grey or grey-brown. Characters that will separate erratica from other Alberta Abagrotis include biserrate male antennae, the sharply outlined reniform spot darker in the upper and lower portions, and the outer postmedian line reduced to a series of fine dots. Genital characters include the spinelike apex of the uncus and a globular rather than elongate vesica lacking a basal diverticula in the male, and two similar triangular signa in the bursa of the female. Abagrotis trigona is similar in appearance but is smaller, has dark hindwings, and the male has simple, beadlike antennae. \n\nKeys to the adults and illustrations of the genitalia of both sexes are available in Lafontaine (1998).\n" 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3711-Habitat 3711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry riparian woodland and shrub. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3711-LifeCycle 3711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood. Adults come to both light and sugar bait. The larvae are climbing cutworms, and are described briefly by Crumb (1956)." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3711-TrophicStrategy 3711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere the only reported larval host is willow (Salix) (Crumb, 1956)." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3953-ConservationStatus 3953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3953-Cyclicity 3953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight activity peaks in Alberta between mid and late April. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3953-Distribution 3953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A transcontinental boreo-montane species, found from Alaska to Newfoundland south to New York and Oregon (McGuffin 1988)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3953-GeneralDescription 3953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewing mottled brown with a prominent white antemedian and postmedian patch at the costal margin; the AM patch sometimes extends as a band to the anal margin. Hindwing bright rust-orange with variably developed black median and marginal bands. Black patch extending from wing base to the median area below the discal cell. Sexes similar.\nSuperficially similar to Dasyfidonia avuncularia, but the latter has two well-defined, continous black bands across the hindwing, not patchy and broken as in infans. \nSubspecies oregonensis, described from Port Orford, OR, is larger and lighter in colour and occurs in from southern BC southward. The hindwing dark markings are more extensive in populations from the southwest mountains of Alberta. \n" 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3953-Habitat 3953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open wooded areas throughout the boreal and mountain region, associated with birch or alder." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3953-LifeCycle 3953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "McGuffin (1988) details the immature stages. This is one of the first non-hibernating day-flying moths to emerge in the spring, having overwintered as pupae. The early flight period is reflected in the common name; Forbes (1948) called it the First-Born Geometer. Adults have rapid flight and are difficult to capture, but occasionally sip moist sand or mud on hot days; Song Sparrows have been observed to take advantage of this behaviour to prey on the moths (Newman & Donahue 1967)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3953-TrophicStrategy 3953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Most reported larval hosts are in the Betulaceae, and include white birch (Betula papyrifera), dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) and red alder (Alnus rubra). Because this species appears so early in the year, larvae of the European sister species A. parthenias first feed on catkins before leaves are available (Kimber 1999). A few rearings from willow and trembling aspen (Prentice 1963) may be accidental. Adults mud puddle and may visit animal dung (McGuffin 1988)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3954-ConservationStatus 3954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3954-Cyclicity 3954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta flies June and July, peaking late June to early July." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3954-Distribution 3954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Coastal BC east to southwestern PQ, south to OR, MO, WI, GA and TX (McGuffin 1981, Wagner et al 2001)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3954-GeneralDescription 3954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bright ochre-yellow ground colour with heavy black mottling. The amount of mottling is variable, but no other Alberta Euchlaena has black patches and speckles over most of the wing." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3954-Habitat 3954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous forests and parkland. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3954-LifeCycle 3954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larva, illustrated in Wagner et al. (2001), is mottled brown, and rests in the typical dead-twig posture with only the hindlegs resting on the substrate. This is the most common species of Euchlaena in Alberta." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3954-TrophicStrategy 3954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The favoured larval host is white birch (Betula papyrifera) according to Prentice (1963), with occasional larval collections on also from Salix and Populus tremuloides, Holidscus discolor and Pinus contorta (McGuffin 1981)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3157-ConservationStatus 3157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3157-Cyclicity 3157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late August to mid-October. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3157-Distribution 3157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alaska, south to California and Colorado. In Alberta, this species is found in the high foothills and mountains (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3157-GeneralDescription 3157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are dark brown with yellow scapes. The vertex of the head is dark brown antero-mesally, with the remainder of the head and warts, yellow. Dorso-posterior edge of segment 9 in males is developed as a short ventral lobe with a large, broad process curving downward. The posterior edge of tergum 8 has a median process and a pair of lateral 'wings' (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3157-Habitat 3157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Varies from swift, bouldery streams to smaller, shallower, pebbly creeks." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3157-TrophicStrategy 3157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are phytophagous, feeding on algae, fresh aquatic plant leaves and mosses (LaFontaine, 1983)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3172-ConservationStatus 3172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3172-Cyclicity 3172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from June through to August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3172-Distribution 3172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species range extends from eastern Alaska south to California, Utah, and Colorado, east to the Great Lakes states and Newfoundland (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3172-GeneralDescription 3172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are brown and the antennae have broad brown bands. Forewings have a dense setal covering and the hindwings are grey, darkening apically. In males, the circus is bifurcate and the ventral lobe is twice as long as the dorsal lobe (Wiggins, 1998).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3172-Habitat 3172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing and flowing waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3172-LifeCycle 3172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "During the day, adults are clinging to rush stalks along the water's edge. In the evening, the adults begin mating and egg-laying activities. Females will fly thirty to forty feet up in the air and dive-bomb the surface of the water, to lay eggs, sending up small splashes, mimicking rain (LaFontaine, 1983)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3172-TrophicStrategy 3172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on dead and living plant material and animal material, such as copepods and ostracods (Wiggins, 1996)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3173-ConservationStatus 3173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Most likely to be found in Alberta, otherwise common in the rest of North America." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3173-Cyclicity 3173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from May though to September. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3173-Distribution 3173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is transcontinental, ranging from Alaska to Great Bear Lake, south to California in the west, in the east, from Manitoba to Newfoundland (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3173-GeneralDescription 3173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult hindwings usually has a dark brown, angulated marking near the apex and the apical border is darker brown. In males, the cercus is long, slender, and deeply bifurcates to a pair of long, slender processes. The dorsal process is distally rounded and the ventral process is acuminate (Wiggins, 1998).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3173-Habitat 3173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Cool spring stream, vernal pools and temporary creeks and lakes." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3173-LifeCycle 3173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3173-TrophicStrategy 3173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are predacious during the later instars (LaFontaine, 1983)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3174-ConservationStatus 3174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3174-Cyclicity 3174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from May to August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3174-Distribution 3174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has been recorded across Canada and the United States, from Yukon and Great Slave Lake to British Columbia, south to Texas, Oklahoma, North Dakota, and east to Newfoundland, Tennessee and Virginia (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3174-GeneralDescription 3174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult hindwings lack the angulated brown marking found in P. ocellifera. In males, the circus is long, slightly tapered basally. The disto-ventral angel is produced into a slender, acuminate, spinuate spine curving ventro-dorsad (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3174-Habitat 3174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3174-LifeCycle 3174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3174-TrophicStrategy 3174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are predacious during the later instars (LaFontaine, 1983)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2664-ConservationStatus 2664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rare migrant, not established in Alberta." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2664-Cyclicity 2664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity There are two Alberta records are from July and one from September. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2664-Distribution 2664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Canada (one record from Churchill, MB) south to Colombia (Opler 1999)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2664-GeneralDescription 2664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The two large eyespots on the hindwing underside separate this species from the numerous smaller eyespots of the other ladies (V. cardui and V. annabella). There are no described subspecies. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2664-Habitat 2664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No defined habitat preferences in Alberta; occurs as a rare migrant only. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2664-LifeCycle 2664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The caterpillar is black with a complex pattern of yellow or white bands and lateral spots. The spines are black with a red base (Layberry et al. 1998). The American Lady is rare in western Canada, and occurs only as an occasional migrant; it is more common in eastern Canada, where it forms two additional generations after immigrating in May (Layberry et al. 1998). Judging by the dates, the Alberta specimens may have originated from migrants of these second and third generations; perhaps this species 'leap-frogs' northward with progressive generations in good years." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2664-TrophicStrategy 2664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on member of the aster family (Asteraceae), particularly cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.) and and everlasting (Antennaria spp.) (Layberry et al. 1998). There are no larval records for western Canada (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2612-ConservationStatus 2612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2612-Cyclicity 2612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly brood, the main flight occurring in early May to early June." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2612-Distribution 2612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A boreal species, found from Alaska east to Nova Scotia (Layberry et al. 1998), south along the western mountain chains to northern California and New Mexico (Opler 1999)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2612-GeneralDescription 2612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "There are three elfin species with only a single, irregular line through the middle of the hindwing underside, the Hoary, Brown (C. augustinus), and Moss's (C. mossii). The Hoary Elfin can be distinguished from other elfins by the grey outer half of the hindwing underside.\nSubpsecies obscura Ferris & Fisher is found in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2612-Habitat 2612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A boreal species usually found in or near coniferous forest habitats. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2612-LifeCycle 2612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "First instar larvae are pale green, turning yellowish-green with reddish dorsal and lateral stripes in later instars (Bird et al. 1995). Layberry et al. (1998) describe the larvae as bright green with pale dorsal and lateral stripes, and pale oblique bands. The dark brown pupae overwinter (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults are never far from larval hostplant patches." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2612-TrophicStrategy 2612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Bearberry (Arctostaphylus uva-ursi) is the most likely larval foodplant in Alberta, and possibly other heaths (Ericaceae) (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2868-ConservationStatus 2868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common to abundant, of no concern." 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2868-Cyclicity 2868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to early August. 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2868-Distribution 2868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Generally distributed in North America (Fernald 1896, Dyar 1904, Forbes 1923, McDaniel et al 1984, Scholtens 1996). Widespread in Alberta, especially in the prairies and aspen parkland." 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2868-GeneralDescription 2868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small crambid (17-20 mm wingspan). The forewings vary from dark (clay colored) to light yellowish brown, lack a silvery white longitudinal median stripe, often have clearly marked dark fuscous veins, have a prominent angled silvery gray subterminal line, have 3 black dots at the bottom of the terminal line, and have a fringe of shiny bronze scales. The hind wings are gray and lack prominent venation. Formerly called Chrysoteuchia hortuellus topiarius. Similar to the common European species Chrysoteuchia culmella, but smaller. Can be mistaken only with Platytes vobisne which is tiny (12-13 mm wingspan) and has zigzag postmedial and subterminal lines." 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2868-Habitat 2868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native and tame grasslands. 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2868-LifeCycle 2868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Diurnal and comes to light. Single brooded. The immature stages are described by Fernald (1896). 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2868-TrophicStrategy 2868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae have a wide range of host plants, especially grasses, not just cranberries." 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2869-ConservationStatus 2869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rather uncommon but of no concern. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2869-Cyclicity 2869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June and July. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2869-Distribution 2869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Fernald (1896) mentions it from Ontario, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Ohio. In addition, Handfield has it from Quebec and Labrador (1997), and Scholtens (1996) from Michigan. In Alberta, it occurs in the prairies and aspen parkland (Bowman (1951)." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2869-GeneralDescription 2869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description A medium sized Crambus (25-28 mm wingspan). The forewings are silvery white with a longitudinal orange discal stripe; the narrow terminal line is brown with five dark brown dashes in the lower part. The hindwings are white and often smoky away from the margin. Probably the easiest recognized of any of the species. Crambus perlellus is also silvery white but lacks the orange stripe. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2869-Habitat 2869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairie, aspen parkland and conifer forest." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2869-LifeCycle 2869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Diurnal and comes to light. The egg and early stages have been described by Felt (1894). 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2869-TrophicStrategy 2869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No local information. Fernald (1896) says ""grass roots""." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3017-ConservationStatus 3017 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3017-Cyclicity 3017 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3017-Distribution 3017 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The beetles are found from the southern Northwest Territories east through Alberta to eastern Quebec and south in the eastern United States to Texas and Florida (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3017-GeneralDescription 3017 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The broadly rounded truncate clypeus is the most distinctive feature of this species. Other Chrysobothris species have a deeply emarginated clypeus, often a 'V' shaped notch. The body is black with a faint coppery to brassy tint. Each elytron has 4 longitudinal costae, the first is regular, the others are interrupted and irregular in the posterior half by a large shallow foveae." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3017-Habitat 3017 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal forest. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3017-TrophicStrategy 3017 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Known from pine (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987). In Alberta the adults were associated with lodgepole pine and charred jack pine." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3731-ConservationStatus 3731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare in Alberta; fairly common and widespread in the holarctic arctic-subarctic. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3731-Cyclicity 3731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, adults have been collected in mid-June." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3731-Distribution 3731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. In North America reported from Yukon, NWT, and in northern Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Quebec. In Alberta recorded only from the Caribou Mountains, at Wentzel and Pichimi Lakes." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3731-GeneralDescription 3731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.3-2.4 cm wingspan) dark grey-black diurnal moth. The forewings are mottled or grizzled dark grey and black, with small faint pale orbicular and reniform spots and a checkered fringe. The hindwings are bright white with a broad black terminal band and white fringe, and some grey scaling in the basal area. Similar to the sympatric and also diurnal Heliothis borealis, which has solid black in the basal area of the hindwing, and evenly colored (not grizzled) dark black-brown forewings." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3731-Habitat 3731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Subarctic; open bogs, open dry woodland and clearings." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3731-LifeCycle 3731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are active during the day. They have a very fast buzzing flight making them very difficult to capture. There is a single annual brood. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3731-TrophicStrategy 3731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No North American data. In Europe reported to utilize Empetrum nigrum, Vaccinium uliginosum, and V. myrtillus as larval hosts, all of which are present in Alberta." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3732-ConservationStatus 3732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon and very local species frequenting a limited and declining habitat. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3732-Cyclicity 3732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-June-through July. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3732-Distribution 3732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ontario west to Alberta and Washington, south to Illinois, Nebraska, Colorado, and Arizona. In Alberta it has been found in the arid southern parts of the province, from Calgary south and east." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3732-GeneralDescription 3732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.5-3.9 cm wingspan) long and narrow-winged Euxoa. Forewing ground color varies from dark red-brown or chocolate brown through tan and grey to pale straw yellow, but is usually buff speckled with lighter and darker scales. No contrasting prothoracic collar. The maculation is poorly defined except in dark specimens. The costa, orbicular and reniform often paler and contrasting with the dark ground, the spots with dark grey center and pale outer ring. Subterminal line indistinct, pale. Terminal line a series of thin, dark lines between the veins. Fringe concolorous or nearly so. Hindwings varying from white to smoky brown usually paler towards the base. Discal bar and veins usually marked in darker scales, and fringe white. Male antennae are strongly biserrate, about three times the width of the shaft. The female genitalia are unusual in having a row of long, stout setae along the dorsal margins of the ovipositor lobes.\nAurulenta belongs to the subgenus Pleonectopoda, characterized by the prominent twist or subbasal coil in the vesica of the male. There are no characters that can be used to identify females as members of the subgenus. Keys to the subgenus and species are presented in Lafontaine, 1987." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3732-Habitat 3732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open arid sandy habitats; dunes, beaches." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3732-LifeCycle 3732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single brood each year. Adults come to light. The immature stages and hosts are unknown. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3732-TrophicStrategy 3732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Other members of the genus are generalist feeders on mostly low-growing broad-leaved plants. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3781-ConservationStatus 3781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3781-Cyclicity 3781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight activity is from late June to mid July. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3781-Distribution 3781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species ranging from coastal BC east to Saskatchewan, south to CA and NM (McGuffin 1988)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3781-GeneralDescription 3781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Our largest species of emerald; wings a uniform green with white AM and PM lines, wing fringe white with fine pink stripes. Abdomen green dorsally, shading to white at the terminus, three to four round white spots dorsally within green basal half of abdomen.\nThe Pale Beauty (Campaea perlata) is larger, greenish white, and lacks pink in the wing fringe. Other Nemoria species and their kin have the white hindwing PM line closer to the margin, more than halfway from the wing base to the outer margin; in unitaria, the PM line is halfway or less between the wing base and the margin, and is often connected to the AM line forming a U-shaped white line on the hindwing rather than two discrete lines which meet the anal margin.\n\n\nAlberta populations were initially described as a separate species, Aplodes hudsonaria Taylor (TL: Red Deer R. 50 mi. NE Gleichen). Although Alberta specimens tend to be slightly larger than avergae and more often show the pink wing fringe spots, Ferguson (1985) considered hudsonaria to be conspecific with unitaria.\n" 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3781-Habitat 3781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forests and woodlands. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3781-LifeCycle 3781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very little is known of this species' biology. The immature stages are unknown. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3781-TrophicStrategy 3781 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are not known. Prentice (1963) reports one collection each on cedar (Thuja sp.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), but given the paucity of unitaria records from the thousands of conifer collections of the Forest insect and Disease Survey, conifers are not likely to be usual hosts. Ferguson (1975) was able to rear larvae to maturity on gooseberry (Ribes sp.)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2543-ConservationStatus 2543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2543-Cyclicity 2543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two broods, flying in June and early August to early September." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2543-Distribution 2543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Central Mexico north to central Canada (Opler 1999). It is uncertain how far north this species is able to overwinter. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2543-GeneralDescription 2543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The combination of an orange upperside, halo-like ring around the discal spot of the hindwing underside, and row of submarginal spots will distinguish this species in most cases. Albino females are very similar to those of C. philodice, although slightly larger. There are no recognized subspecies." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2543-Habitat 2543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in open areas throughout the province, particularly roadsides and agricultural areas." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2543-LifeCycle 2543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is initially white, turning red several days after being laid. Mature larvae are dark, velvety green with a red-bordered, white lateral line with yellow to red dashes (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Pupae are light green with a yellow lateral line and brown markings. This species fluctuates greatly in abundance from year to year, being rare or absent in some years and common in others; this is apparently the result of winter survival in areas to the south of Alberta, since the Orange Sulphur cannot survive the Alberta winters. Migrants of the Orange Sulphur appear in central Alberta in late June to early July; these migrants are larger than the summer brood they produce here, and are usually flight-worn by the time they reach Alberta. It is not known if individuals of the second brood attempt a southward migration, or if they perish during the first frosts." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2543-TrophicStrategy 2543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a wide variety of legumes, particularly non-natives such as clover (Trifolium) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (Guppy & Shepard 2001). There are no larval records of this species for Alberta, but these plants are the most likely hosts. Larvae sometimes reach pest levels in the southern portions of the range (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults take nectar at legume flowers, including alfalfa, and males mud-puddle (Nielsen 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3970-ConservationStatus 3970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3970-Cyclicity 3970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late June to mid August, possibly double-brooded." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3970-Distribution 3970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern BC, Alberta, and Saskatchewan south to TX, AZ and CA (Ferguson 1985)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3970-GeneralDescription 3970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small to mid sized geometrid with a bright green forewing, crossed by two white lines The hindwing is green only beyond the PM line, and white basally; all other emeralds (Nemoria, Synchlora, Mesothea) have green rather than white hindwing bases." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3970-Habitat 3970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie grasslands. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3970-LifeCycle 3970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is most closely related to Synchlora among the emeralds, and shares the larval behaviour of attaching flower bits to itself for disguise. The larvae hibernate (Ferguson 1985)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3970-TrophicStrategy 3970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on the flowers of Solidago, Helianthus and Rosa (Ferguson 1985)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2831-ConservationStatus 2831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2831-Cyclicity 2831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Migrants arrive in June, and their offspring emerge mid July to mid August, occasionally into Oct." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2831-Distribution 2831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The distribution is centered on central America, ranging south to Argentina and occasionally migrating as far north as southern Canada. A single record from Churchill, Manitoba (Scott 1986, Layberry et al. 1998)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2831-GeneralDescription 2831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Unlike the Speyeria fritillaries, the underside lacks all silvery markings. The elongate forewing shape is also unique. There are no described subspecies." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2831-Habitat 2831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairie and alpine meadows, pastures, and roadsides; migratory and ubiquitous." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2831-LifeCycle 2831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The pale green or cream-coloured eggs are laid singly (Scott 1986). Grown larvae are reddish with black and white bands and black spines (Layberry et al. 1998). The strikingly ornate pupa is shiny greenish-cream with small black dots and gold tubercles (Scott 1986). 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2831-TrophicStrategy 2831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Scott (1986) lists many larval hosts in 10 different families, some of which are strictly tropical. Potential hosts that occur in Alberta include violets (Viola), plantain (Plantago), flax (Linum) and stonecrop (Sedum). Gary Anweiler observed a female ovipositing on a tiny, unfurling violet leaf on a campground gravel pad near Trochu." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19828-ConservationStatus 19828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, sometimes a pest in apple orchards (Freeman 1958)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19828-Cyclicity 19828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are active from early May to mid June in Alberta. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19828-Distribution 19828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Across Canada from Alberta to Nova Scotia south in the east to Florida. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19828-GeneralDescription 19828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Easy to recognize by its size and distinctive forewing pattern. The forewing is white to light grey with variable brown shading in the lower median and basal areas. A large black triangle is present at the middle of the costa that is interrupted by a narrow line just before the postmedian area. The head and thorax is concolorous with the forewing and the latter has small paired tufts near the wing bases.\nThe larva is completely greenish except for a small dark spot amongst the eyes, faint dark green speckling on the anal shield, and rarely dark edging to the thoracic shield (Chapman & Lienk 1971, MacKay 1962)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19828-Habitat 19828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Any habitat with abundant deciduous trees or shrubs. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19828-LifeCycle 19828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid in batches of 20 to 273 on leaves and twigs and are initially green but later turn yellowish-orange. First instar larvae suspend themselves on silken lines and occasionally get dispersed by wind to other plants. Early instars skeletonize the leaves, and the later instars either roll the leaves, silk several together, or silk a leaf to a fruit and feed on both. The larva is active from June until September and it overwinters as a pupa. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19828-TrophicStrategy 19828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds upon a variety of different deciduous trees and shrubs, and occasionally forbs (Chapman & Lienk 1971)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3127-ConservationStatus 3127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3127-Cyclicity 3127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are flying from early September to early October and March to May. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3127-Distribution 3127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range for this species extends from Alaska, south to California and east to New Hampshire and Newfoundland. In Alberta, it occurs in the plains, foothills and mountains (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3127-GeneralDescription 3127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are light reddish brown with dark brown scapes. Vertex of the head is dark brown with a yellow posterior edge. Spurs are brown. Forewings are greyish chocolate-brown, irrorate with larger hyaline patches throughout. In males, the sternal area of segment 9 is constricted. Segment 10 process is short, slender and curved dorsad (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3127-Habitat 3127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Primarily Carex/Typha soughs, ponds, lakes and occasionally small, slow creeks." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3386-ConservationStatus 3386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3386-Cyclicity 3386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in August. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3386-Distribution 3386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, B.C. (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3386-GeneralDescription 3386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 1.8mm in length and is mainly dark brown with red to orange sub-integumental pigment scattered through the body as dots. Antennal segment 3 is a light brown, tarsi are yellow, and wings are yellowish. The head is greatly produced in front of the eyes, and has few setae. Interocellar setae arise close to the eye margin slightly forward of the fore ocellus. Antennal segment 1 is not greatly enlarged. Outer apex of antennal segment 2 is drawn out into a pointed tip, with a seta just below the tip, and with the outer margin rigid, or more heavily sclerotized than the rest of the segment. Antennal segment 6 is no longer than the combined length of segments 4 and 5. The pronotum is transversely striated, and only moderately setose. The mesonotum is transversely striated, but without scallops. The meso- and metanota have only a few pairs of setae. Males of this species are unknown. Abdominal tergites are transversely striated, without scallops, while sternites have scallop-like sculpture. The posterior margins have distinct, tooth like projections laterally. Abdominal segment 10 is pointed, and approximately twice as long as tergite 9 (Stannard, 1959)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3386-Habitat 3386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasses, including Artemesia cana (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3386-LifeCycle 3386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3386-TrophicStrategy 3386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3452-ConservationStatus 3452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (Mound and Marullo, 1986), a major pest (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3452-Cyclicity 3452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late spring and early summer (Bryan and Smith, 1956)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3452-Distribution 3452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread around the world (Moritz et al., 2001), but native to the New World in the west (Heming)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3452-GeneralDescription 3452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies in colour from yellow to brown, but most commonly is dark yellow with brown areas medially on each tergite. Males tend to be paler than females. Antennal segments 2, and 6 to 8 are brown, segments 3 to 5 are yellow with brown apices. The legs are mainly yellow with a hint of brown. The head is wider than long, with 3 pairs of ocellar setae present, and pair 3 arises on the anterior margins of the ocellar triangle. The antennae are 8 segmented, and segments 3 and 4 each have a forked sense cone. Antennal segment 8 is longer than segment 7. Postocular setae pair 1 is present, and pair 4 is longer than the distance between the hind ocelli. The pronotum has 5 pairs of major setae, and the anteromarginal setae are somewhat shorter than the anteroangulars. The metanotum has 2 pairs of setae along the anterior margin, and 2 campaniform sensilla are present. Females are macropterous, and the forewing has 2 complete rows of veinal setae. There is a complete posteromarginal comb on tergite 8 (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3452-Habitat 3452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A broad range of plants, in flowers and on leaves, also in greenhouses (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3452-LifeCycle 3452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species can be found on a wide variety of plants including: beans, apple, Salix sp. Rosa acicularis, Shepherdia canadensis, Alnus sp., Linnaea borealis, Hordeum jubatum, Melilotus, (Chiasson, 1986), in green houses and malls (Heming). F. occidentalis causes serious damage to flowers and fruits though feeding (Stannard, 1968), but is also a predator of spider mites (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3452-TrophicStrategy 3452 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feeds on host plants, and is also a predator on spider mites (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3453-ConservationStatus 3453 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Sometimes causes damage to grasses and cereals (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3453-Cyclicity 3453 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June through August. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3453-Distribution 3453 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Ontario (Chiasson, 1986), widespread in Europe from Britain to Russia, Turkey, Libya and extending through Mongolia, China and Japan (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3453-GeneralDescription 3453 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 1.6mm in length, and is dark brown. Antennal segments 3 and 4, all tibiae, tarsi, and the tips of the femora are yellow to yellowish-brown. The wings are a light yellow, and ocelli are red (Stannard, 1968). The head is prolonged in front of the eyes, and 3 pairs of ocellar setae are present. Ocellar setae pair 3 is as long as the anterolateral margin of the ocellar triangle. Postocular setae pair 1 is present. The pronotum has 5 pairs of major setae, with the anteromarginal setae shorter than the anteroangulars, and one pair of minor setae between the posteromarginal submedian setae. The metanotum has 2 pairs of setae at the anterior margin. The forewings have 2 complete rows of veinal setae, and the posteromarginal comb on tergite 8 is not developed. Sternites 3 to 7 lack discal setae (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3453-Habitat 3453 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasses and cereals (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3453-LifeCycle 3453 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3453-TrophicStrategy 3453 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3018-ConservationStatus 3018 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3018-Cyclicity 3018 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June, July and August." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3018-Distribution 3018 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "These beetles are found from British Columbia to New Brunswick and south to Mexico (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3018-GeneralDescription 3018 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The most striking feature when looking at theses beetles is the vivid green front of the head. A faint chevron shaped callosity is on the centre of the frons. The shape of the emargination on the clypeus is unique among Alberta Chrysobothris species. Ventrally the body is black with a coppery to brassy lustre. Each elytron has 4 longitudinal costae interrupted by two shallow foveae. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3018-Habitat 3018 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Hardwood forests. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3018-LifeCycle 3018 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Similar to other Chrysobothris species, in that adults oviposit into cracks and crevices on the bark. larvae hatch out, boring into the bark, feeding on the phloem and outer sapwood. Larvae over-winter in pupal cells constructed in the outer wood, pupating in the following spring and emerging as adults in early summer. In southern climates the life cycle takes one year. Bright (1987) suggests a longer development time in Canada." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3018-TrophicStrategy 3018 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Hosts include a wide variety of deciduous trees, including maple, poplar and willow (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987). In Alberta the adults have been associated with aspen." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3019-ConservationStatus 3019 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3019-Cyclicity 3019 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "July, August and early September." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3019-Distribution 3019 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species occurs from western Alberta, east to Nova Scotia and south into the north-eastern United States (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3019-GeneralDescription 3019 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is one of the larger species of Chrysobothris in Alberta, up to 16 mm. The tips of antennal segments are tipped with orange or yellow. The clypeus is unmargined helping to distinguish these beetles from those of dentipes. The specimens examined are not quite the typical colour according to Bright (1987), in lacking the general green colour dorsally." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3019-Habitat 3019 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3019-TrophicStrategy 3019 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is recorded from a variety of conifers, including spruce, pine, larch and balsam fir (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2635-ConservationStatus 2635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The Peace River population is globally unique. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2635-Cyclicity 2635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single yearly brood has a peak flight in early July to early August. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2635-Distribution 2635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Peace river Valley of BC / AB south to Nevada, eastward in a broad band across most of the US and extreme southern Canada (Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2635-GeneralDescription 2635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The absence of a tail and lack of ventral blue markings, in combination with a row of underside marginal orange spots, will distinguish the Coral from other hairstreaks. Subspecies immaculosus occurs throughout most of Alberta, with a darker, undescribed population inhabiting the Peace River grasslands (Bird et al. 1995)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2635-Habitat 2635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found near cherry bushes, often along valley sides and coulees of the prairie / parkland region." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2635-LifeCycle 2635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs overwinter, and are green when first laid, turning to white (Acorn 1993). The larva is yellow-green, covered with fine, short hairs and three dorsal reddish patches (Layberry et al. 1998). Larvae feed at night (Acorn 1993), and hide in plant litter at the base of the foodplant during the day and are tended by ants, at least in Michigan (Nielsen 1999). Adults are fast fliers and males will hilltop (Bird et al. 1995), and both sexes like sitting on the leaves of chokecherry (Hooper 1973)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2635-TrophicStrategy 2635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on the flowers, leaves and developing fruits of chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) and saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia) (Bird et al. 1995). Adults are most often encountered flying about or perching on shrubs, but also visit flowers, including goldenrod (Solidago sp.) in Alberta (Schmidt unpubl. data)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2636-ConservationStatus 2636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare and local in Alberta, primarily restricted to grasslands." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2636-Cyclicity 2636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Likely two broods annually, peaking in mid May and mid July." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2636-Distribution 2636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This is one of the most widespread of the hairstreaks, occurring from southern Canada south through the entire US to Central and South America (Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2636-GeneralDescription 2636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Grey Hairstreak has an ash-grey undersurface with a prominent white-bordered, black median line, and two orange patches in the outer angle of the hindwing. Grey hairstreaks have a patch of orange hair between the top of the eyes, which is unique among Alberta hairstreaks. The subspecies affiliation of Alberta populations remains uncertain (Bird et al. 1995), although they have sometimes been reffered to ssp. franki (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2636-Habitat 2636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, primarily a grassland species found in badlands and along coulees and ridge tops." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2636-LifeCycle 2636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larval colour pattern is variable, ranging from green with white to purple oblique bands (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults are rapid flyers, and perch head-down on vegetation (Bird et al. 1995). Unlike other hairstreaks, melinus overwinters as a pupa and emerges in the spring (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2636-TrophicStrategy 2636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a huge variety of plants and have been recorded from over 20 plant families (Layberry et al. 1998). Despite this, larvae appear to be specialized feeders in that they consume primarily flowers and developing seeds (Guppy & Shepard 2001). A number of legume hosts have been recorded in BC, including native clovers (Trifolium spp.) and cultivated green beans (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Larvae are occasionally crop pests on beans, cotton and hops in the US (Layberry et al. 1998)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3789-ConservationStatus 3789 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3789-Cyclicity 3789 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta adults fly in May and June, peaking mid May through early June." 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3789-Distribution 3789 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A northern species, found from Alaska and NWT south to New England, south in the mountains to CA, NV and CO (Ferguson 1985). In Alberta it occurs throughout the boreal and foothills regions, and locally in the aspen parkland south to the Rumsey area." 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3789-GeneralDescription 3789 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small dusky green geometrid with a faint (sometimes absent) transverse PM line. Flight-worn individuals can fade to a dusky tan, quite unlike the dusky olive of freshly emerged moths. The small size, uniform green abdomen and absence of a PM line will separate this species from other emeralds (Nemoria, Synchlora and Cheteoscelis).\nFerguson (1985) recognized two subspecies, both of which occur in Alberta. The nominate subspecies is slightly smaller with more distinct transverse lines, and occurs across the boreal region to the foothills. Subspecies viridipennata (Hulst) occurs from the Rocky Mountains west.\n" 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3789-Habitat 3789 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry open mixedwood and pine forest, peat bogs and grasslands." 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3789-LifeCycle 3789 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The caterpillar is green with a brown dorsal stripe. The body is slender and without noticeable bumps or protrusions, and the head and first thoracic segment each bear a pair of pointed horns (Wagner et al. 2001). The pupa overwinters. The adults are strictly diurnal.\nIn the boreal forest, adults fly in open peat bogs, but this species is also found in dry montane and eroding river valley habitats associated with patches of bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi). \n" 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3789-TrophicStrategy 3789 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Known larval hosts include a variety of shrubs in the Betulaceae, Salicaceae, Ericaceae and Rosaceae (Wagner et al. 2001). Associated with Labrador Tea (Ledum groenlandicum) and bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) in Alberta." 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3792-ConservationStatus 3792 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3792-Cyclicity 3792 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in June in Alberta. 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3792-Distribution 3792 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to central Alberta and Manitoba. This species has only recently been discovered in Alberta, but it appears to occur widely in wet open peat bogs throughout the northern boreal region, south to Calling Lake" 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3792-GeneralDescription 3792 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Dusky ochre, the forewings slightly darker. Discal spot diffuse, sometimes absent from the forewing. PM band straight and pronounced. Similar to A. aberratus, which occurs in prairie rather than peatland habitats. It is possible that A. orciferarius, another subarctic/boreal species, also occurs in northern Alberta; it can only reliably be separated from A. taylorae by genitalic characters (see McGuffin 1981). \nThe genus Aspitates Treitschke 1825 was spelled as Aspilates Treitschke 1827 by some workers (eg. McGuffin 1981), but Aspilates is an unneccessary replacement name for Aspitates, later proposed by Treitschke.\n" 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3792-Habitat 3792 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open peatlands and bogs. 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3792-LifeCycle 3792 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal, but also come to light. Little information is availabe on this species biology. The immature stages have not been described." 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3792-TrophicStrategy 3792 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hostplants are unknown. Larvae of related European species are generalist feeders. 11/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3850-ConservationStatus 3850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon to rare at the northwestern edge of their range in Alberta. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3850-Cyclicity 3850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-July through mid-August. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3850-Distribution 3850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern Florida north to Virginia and southern Ohio, west to southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, Wyoming, Colorado and west Texas. In Alberta it has been collected from Lethbridge north and east to the Wainwright dunes." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3850-GeneralDescription 3850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather large (3.2-4.2 cm wingspan) bright yellow moth with red-brown markings. The forewings are yellow with a large spot-like basal dash, a large spot \nmidway along the lower margin, and a dark terminal band, all reddish-brown. The hindwings are white, suffused with red-brown scales on the outer half in the males, and over most of the wing in females. The bright yellow color and bold pattern is unlike any other Alberta moth. The larvae are described in Poole, 1995\n" 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3850-Habitat 3850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry open areas; disturbed sites such as old fields, eroding badlands and sand dunes." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3850-LifeCycle 3850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year, with adults flying in late summer. Like the other members of the subfamily, the larvae feed on the flowers and seeds of their host plants." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3850-TrophicStrategy 3850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Larvae have been found on the sunflower Helianthus microcephalus in Ohio (Poole, 1995), and native sunflowers are the probable host in Alberta." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2896-ConservationStatus 2896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2896-Cyclicity 2896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in May to July and September. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2896-Distribution 2896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species ranges across most of United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the southern half. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2896-GeneralDescription 2896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the inaequale group (subgenus Bracteon). Most variable species in the group. Black, base of antennae, tibiae, and sometimes part of femora, often reddish; entire body metallic, from deep brass or green to bright cupreous. Elytra with 4th stria more or less suddenly sinuate (or interrupted) near base, intervals 1-3 (-4) more or less smooth and shiny before anterior silver spot, mirror on 7th interval (including part of the two adjacent) isolated and situated nearer posterior than anterior silver spot. Length 4.6 to 5.6 mm." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2896-Habitat 2896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Border of fresh, running water; on clayish soil, often mixed with sand." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2896-LifeCycle 2896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2896-TrophicStrategy 2896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2897-ConservationStatus 2897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2897-Cyclicity 2897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in May to July. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2897-Distribution 2897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species rages across the northern United States, and most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the southern half." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2897-GeneralDescription 2897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the inaequale group (subgenus Bracteon). Largest species in the group, characterized by the braod base of the prothorax and the strong basal margin inside shoulders of elytra. Brassy, inner intervals of eltra, notably the 3rd, and often disc of prothorax, cupreous or purplish, silver spots greenish or golden; 1st antennal segment and tibiae more or less pale. Elytra with only faintest suggestion of transverse basal impression, 4th stria straight. Length 6.0 to 7.5 mm." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2897-Habitat 2897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Confined to the banks of large rivers, where the soil consists of bare, often sand-mixed clay." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2897-TrophicStrategy 2897 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2898-ConservationStatus 2898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2898-Cyclicity 2898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been collected in June to September. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2898-Distribution 2898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species rages across the northern United States, and most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found in the central and south regions, and the extreme north-east corner of the the province." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2898-GeneralDescription 2898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the inaequale group (subgenus Bracteon). Best recognized on the well-develpoed carina at hind angles of prothorax which runs parallel with side margin and reaches the base. Coppery or greenish, rarely bluish, mirrors of 3rd interval as a rule contrasting, in green specimens often coppery, and with adjoining intervals sometimes diffusely darkened. First antennal segment red, at least underneath; legs varying but femora always reddish at base (as a rule entirely), tibiae red to piceous, except at apex. Elytra with barely preceptible transverse impression at base and 4th stria straight, basal margin inside shoulder reaching 5th stria; 3rd interval hardly twice as broad as 4th on the level of anterior silver spot. Length 4.6 to 6.3 mm." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2898-Habitat 2898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On barren banks and shores of slowly running or standing waters, on pure sand, sometimes coarse." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2898-LifeCycle 2898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2898-TrophicStrategy 2898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2899-ConservationStatus 2899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2899-Distribution 2899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species if found in northwestern United States, and western Canada. In Alberta this species is known only from the southern region." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2899-GeneralDescription 2899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the inaequale group (subgenus Bracteon). Similar to B. carinula but prothorax without latero-basal carina. Color duller, due to generally stronger microsculpture, usually greenish or brassy (never coppery), legs darker than in normal carinula, with femora entirely black or red only at base or, rarely, entirely piceous red. Third elytral interval almost constantly more suddenly widened before anterior silver spot which is at least twice as broad as 4th interval; the dark color of mirrors often more extended upon adjoining intervals than in carinula." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2899-Habitat 2899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat On barren sandy (sometimes clay-mixed) banks and shores of rivers and lakes. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2899-LifeCycle 2899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2899-TrophicStrategy 2899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3454-ConservationStatus 3454 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Very common, and causes physical damage to flowers and newly formed fruits (Stannard, 1968)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3454-Cyclicity 3454 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "May to July (Webb et al., 1970)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3454-Distribution 3454 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, B.C., Ontario, Quebec, N.W.T. (Chiasson, 1986). Widespread in North America and Mexico (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3454-GeneralDescription 3454 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is yellow, and has dark setae. Antennal segments 6 to 8 and the distal half of segment 4 are brown, and the forewing is pale. The head is wider than long. The antennae are 8 segmented, and segments 3 and 4 each have a forked sense cone. Antennal segment 3 is slightly swollen at the pedicel, and segment 8 is no longer than 7. Three pairs of ocellar setae are present, and pair 3 arises along the anterior margins of the ocellar triangle. The pronotum has 5 pairs of major setae, and the anteromarginal setae are shorter than the anteroangulars. The metanotum has 2 pairs of setae along the anterior margin, and a pair of campaniform sensilla. This species is macropterous, and each forewing has 2 complete rows of veinal setae. Tergites 5 to 8 each have a pair of lateral ctenidia, and the posteromarginal comb on tergite 8 has only a few teeth. Sternites 3 to 7 lack discal setae (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3454-Habitat 3454 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Various flowers, including those of fruit trees and roses (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3454-LifeCycle 3454 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species will, on occasion, bite man (Stannard, 1968)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3454-TrophicStrategy 3454 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Pollen (Heming), flowers and buds (Webb et al., 1970)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2609-ConservationStatus 2609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2609-Cyclicity 2609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity One brood annually the flight period peaking in early May to early June. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2609-Distribution 2609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A boreal transcontinental species, found from Alaska to Newfoundland and south to Georgia in the east and northern Mexico in the mountainous regions of the west(Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999). Absent from most of the Great Plains (Opler 1999)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2609-GeneralDescription 2609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "There are two other elfin species with only a single, irregular line through the middle of the hindwing underside, the Hoary (C. polia), and Moss's (C. mossii). The Brown Elfin, however, has a reddish outer half of the hindwing underside, while the Hoary is grey and Moss's is brown in this respect. Brown Elfins also lack the white border to the ventral hindwing median line found in Moss's.\nMost Alberta populations are the nominate subspecies, with subspecies iroides (Boisduval) inhabiting the southern mountain region. Iroides may in fact be a species separate from augustinus (Kondla 1999, Guppy & Shepard 2001).\n" 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2609-Habitat 2609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A species of coniferous forest openings, with isolated prairie badlands populations." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2609-LifeCycle 2609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are green when first laid, and hatch within about five days (Cook 1906). The larva varies from olive- to yellowish-green, with a yellow dorsal stripe and oblique bands (Layberry et al. 1998); it feeds on flowers and developing fruits (Cook 1906). The pupa is mottled brown and overwinters on the ground among plant litter (Cook 1906). Adults are one of the first butterflies to emerge in the spring, and stay close to patches of their larval foodplant." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2609-TrophicStrategy 2609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on plants of the heather family (Ericaceae), including blue- and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.)and labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum) (Bird et al. 1995), but most often associated with bearberry (Arctospahylus uva-ursi) in Alberta. Adults sip moisture from damp earth (Layberry et al. 1998) and nectar at bearberry flowers." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2610-ConservationStatus 2610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2610-Cyclicity 2610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One annual brood, flying in early May to late June with the peak activity in early June." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2610-Distribution 2610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout much of western North America, from the southern Northwest Territories south to New Mexico (Opler 1999). Sporadic in the east, ranging east along the southern Boreal forest to northern New Brunswick (Layberry et al 1998)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2610-GeneralDescription 2610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Eastern Pine (C. niphon) is the only other elfin with a 'busy' hindwing underside, with more than just the single median band found in other elfins. The check marks that form a band along the outer third of the hindwing underside are much more evenly-shaped and sized in the Western compared to the Eastern Pine Elfin. \nIt is unclear which subspecies occurs in Alberta (N. Kondla, pers. comm.).\n" 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2610-Habitat 2610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lodgepole pine forests of the foothills; uncommon in boreal jack pine woods. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2610-LifeCycle 2610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known for Alberta populations. In BC, the mature larva is dark velvet green with cream-coloured subdorsal and lateral stripes and a brown head (Hardy 1959). Larvae pupate amongst plant litter on the ground and overwinter there (Hardy 1959). Adults perch at the tips of pine branches, and males will pursue moving objects (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2610-TrophicStrategy 2610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on young needles of pine trees, primarily lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2611-ConservationStatus 2611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2611-Cyclicity 2611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The single yearly brood flies in May and June, peaking in late May." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2611-Distribution 2611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily an eastern-boreal species, at the western edge of its range in northern Alberta and northeastern BC (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2611-GeneralDescription 2611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Western Pine (C. eryphon) is the only other elfin with a 'busy' hindwing underside, with more than just the single median band found in other elfins. The Eastern has a more irregular, white-edged median band on the hindwing underside, and the outer edges of the submarginal arrow-shaped marks do not reach the wing edge as they do in eryphon.\nOur populations are most similar to subspecies clarki Freeman (Bird et al. 1998).\n" 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2611-Habitat 2611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open jack pine (Pinus banksiana) woodlands. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2611-LifeCycle 2611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva is pale green with a dorsal white stripe and a dorsal white patch near the head and the dark brown pupae overwinter (Bird et al. 1995). Adults, particularly females spend a considerable amount of time perching on branches of young pine trees, and one way to search for Eastern Pine Elfins is to tap the young trees and watch for elfins to fly out (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2611-TrophicStrategy 2611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, the Eastern Pine Elfin is associated with jack pine, the presumed larval host plant (Bird et al. 1995). Adults take nectar at flowers (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2807-ConservationStatus 2807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Ranked ""Sensitive"" in Alberta; threatened in BC." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2807-Cyclicity 2807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, flight peaking in late June to mid July." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2807-Distribution 2807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is endemic to the Rocky Mountains, and has one of the most geographically restricted ranges of any North American butterfly. Occurs from Nordegg, AB south to Wyoming and Idaho (Bird et al. 1995, Scott 1986). The Nordegg record, stemming from 1918, has not been repeated in recent times, and the nearest known populations occur in the Bow Valley, 150km to the south." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2807-GeneralDescription 2807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The broad, continuous orange submarginal band is very dsistinctive; other checkerspots are checkered rather than banded. There are no named subspecies." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2807-Habitat 2807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist clearings in montane and subalpine conifer forests. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2807-LifeCycle 2807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Williams et al. (1984) detail the life history of gillettii. The yellow eggs are laid in clusters on the host plant, and larvae feed communally in loose silken nests in the early instars. They are able to overwinter in second, third or fourth instars, and take two years to develop in some localities. Mature larvae are dark brown and black with a yellow dorsal stripe and white lateral band.\nThis checkerspot is dependent on moist clearings in montane or lower subalpine conifer forest, often found along watercourses. The Yellowstone fires of 1988 created suitable new habitat for this species (Williams 1995). It appears to be declining in other parts of its range, at least in part due to forest fire suppression (Debinski 1994).\n" 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2807-TrophicStrategy 2807 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on Bracted Honeysuckle (Lonicera involucrata) in AB (Williams et al. 1984). 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2808-ConservationStatus 2808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2808-Cyclicity 2808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight peaking in June to July, depending on elevation and snowpack." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2808-Distribution 2808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to northern Mexico, east tot the Cypress Hills and Nebraska (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2808-GeneralDescription 2808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside is checkered in orange-red and cream with black lines and spot-rows; the underside has a similar pattern but with very little black. Anicia is similar to Edith's Checkerspot (E. editha), but is larger with brighter markings, particularly on the hindwing underside. The forewing outer margin has a slight point below the apex in anicia, but is evenly rounded in editha. Edith's occurs only in the Cypress Hills and well above treeline in the Rockies. Specimens of uncertain identity can be determined using genitalic differences (eg. see Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2808-Habitat 2808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Montane, subalpine and alpine meadows" 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2808-LifeCycle 2808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No life history data are available for Alberta populations. A large number names have been applied to this group, and some authors consider this complex to be one, extremely variable species, E. chalcedona (Layberry et al. 1998)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2808-TrophicStrategy 2808 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Host plant unrecorded in AB; likely beard tongue (Penstemon spp.) and / or paintbrush (Castilleja spp.) here, as these are common hosts in the western US (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3468-ConservationStatus 3468 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3468-Cyclicity 3468 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3468-Distribution 3468 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, N.W.T. (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3468-GeneralDescription 3468 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3468-Habitat 3468 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Picea sp., grasses, Pinus contorta, Petasites frigidus (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3468-LifeCycle 3468 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3468-TrophicStrategy 3468 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2773-ConservationStatus 2773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon and local, but no obvious concerns." 3/5/03 0:00 3/20/14 9:08 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2773-Cyclicity 2773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from mid-August through mid-September. 3/5/03 0:00 3/20/14 9:08 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2773-Distribution 2773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known only from western Canada, where it occurs from south-central British Columbia east to southeastern Saskatchewan. In Alberta occurs in wooded river valleys in the arid shortgrass prairie and open sandy pine barrens in the southern Boreal forest. It has been collected from Writing-on-Stone in the arid short-grass prairie region north into the southern Boreal forest near Ft. Assiniboine and Redwater." 3/5/03 0:00 3/20/14 9:08 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2773-GeneralDescription 2773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium-size (3.2-3.9 cm wingspan) moths with smooth slate-grey forewings and dirty white or pale grey hindwings. The forewings are crossed by sinuous, doubled antemedian and postmedian lines, which are infilled with pale rusty-orange scales. There is a short black line looping inward from the apex, a thin black terminal line broken at the veins, and a small raised tuft of dark grey scales near the wing base and at the orbicular. The hindwings are crossed by a faint median band, and have a narrow black terminal line. The antennae are dentate; the sexes are similar. This interesting and uncommon moth is a member of a small genus restricted to western North America. The Alberta Lutestring, the only member of the genus found in Alberta, was originally described in 1938 from three specimens collected by Dod at the head of Pine Creek, just west of Calgary." 3/5/03 0:00 3/20/14 9:08 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2773-Habitat 2773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open woodland and shrub areas with wild cherry. 3/5/03 0:00 3/20/14 9:08 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2773-LifeCycle 2773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults fly in late summer and early fall, and are attracted to both light and sugar baits. \n" 3/5/03 0:00 3/20/14 9:08 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2773-TrophicStrategy 2773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown. Larvae of related species of Ceranemota utilize wild cherries and Saskatoon (Amelancier), and chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) is a suspected host of albertae in Alberta." 3/5/03 0:00 3/20/14 9:08 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2900-ConservationStatus 2900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2900-Cyclicity 2900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The HOLOTYPE specimen was collected in August. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2900-Distribution 2900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found only in Alberta and west-central Saskatchewan in Canada. In Alberta this species is only recorded from the Fort McMurray (type locality) area. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2900-GeneralDescription 2900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the inaequale group (subgenus Bracteon). Similar to both B. carinula and B. lapponicum. Dull brass throughout, silver spots little brighter, no smooth mirrors developed, except that corresponding parts of 3rd interval may be slightly darker; 1st antennal segment and legs (except tarsi) pale as in normal carinula. Shoulder margin more or less angulate, reaching 5th stria; all striae sharp, densely punctate, intervals slightly convex, 3rd only slightly widened with small silver spots. Length 5.4 to 5.9 mm." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2900-Habitat 2900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat On barren river beaches made up mainly of sand. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2900-TrophicStrategy 2900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2828-ConservationStatus 2828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rarely collected in Alberta where they are at the northern edge of their range. 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2828-Cyclicity 2828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in June. 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2828-Distribution 2828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia and New Brunswick west to southern BC, south to the Gulf of Mexico states. In Alberta it has been collected mainly along the eastern edge of the province, from north of Fort McMurray south to the Wainwright dunes area, and in the Peace River area." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2828-GeneralDescription 2828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.5-2.5 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth with rust or yellow-brown forewings and tan-tinted white hindwings. The forewings are essentially unmarked, with a diffuse slightly darker median band reaching the apex. The veins are all slightly darker and are visible against the ground. The hindwings are white with a very light tan tint, and with the brown fringe forming a narrow terminal band. In shape and size testacea resembles a small gemetrid moth, but the color and pattern will separate it, as will the different wing venation.\nTortricidia testacea is the only member of the family Limacodidae (Slug-catterpillar Moths) found in Alberta." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2828-Habitat 2828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland; urban plantations. 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2828-LifeCycle 2828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The caterpillars are short-legged and slug-like, and give the family their name, the slug-caterpillar moths. They are solitary defoliators of deciduous trees. In Alberta there is apparently a single brood each year, with the adults emerging in June. The adults are attracted to light." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2828-TrophicStrategy 2828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere a variety of hardwoods have been reported as hosts, including oak (Quercus), beech (Fagus), birch (Betula), chestnut (Castanea), wild cherry (Prunus), hickory (Carya) and Mountain alder (Alnus). (Handfield, 1999; Prentice, 1965)." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2923-ConservationStatus 2923 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of no concern. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2923-Cyclicity 2923 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June and July (Bowman 1951). 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2923-Distribution 2923 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This North American species is known primarily from the east where Forbes (1923) reports it from Labrador, Ontario, Wisconsin, Connecticut and New York. In addition, Handfield (1997) has it from Quebec and Labrador and Scholtens (1996) from Michigan. In Alberta, Bowman (1951) has it from the Nordegg area and neighboring foothills. It has also been found in the Ft. Chipewyan area." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2923-GeneralDescription 2923 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small crambid (10-15 mm wingspan) with mouse gray color. The forewing has a small hook (produced) at the apex similar to a number of Crambus species; and a large, longitudinal, white, slightly silvery, median stripe which ends in a slightly bidentate tip, beyond which there is a white chevron and a triangular patch in the wing tip; there are three dashes from the subterminal line to the terminal line where they end as dark dots. The male genitalia are illustrated in Landry (1995). The genus is separated from Crambus by wing venation." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2923-Habitat 2923 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Bogs. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2923-TrophicStrategy 2923 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No information available. The larvae may feed on grasses. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2924-ConservationStatus 2924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rather uncommon, but of no concern." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2924-Cyclicity 2924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity May to June. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2924-Distribution 2924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Recorded from Colorado (Fernald 1896), British Columbia (Dyar 1904) and Quebec and Labrador (Handfield 1997). A serious turfgrass pest in California (Tashiro 1987). Not mentioned for Alberta by Bowman (1951) but known from the Edmonton and Winfield areas." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2924-GeneralDescription 2924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized crambid (21-23 mm wingspan). Forewing yellow fuscous, dark brown areas running longitudinally through discal area to two thirds, with a half dark half brown discal spot, outer part lighter in color with a few small brown areas and with veins somewhat evident; terminal line with a row of small dark brown dots. Hind wing smoky brown. The male genitalia are illustrated in Landry (1995)." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2924-Habitat 2924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland areas. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2924-LifeCycle 2924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle No local information. The early stages have been described by Bohart (1947) and Tashiro (1987). 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2924-TrophicStrategy 2924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No local information. Grasses and white clover elsewhere (Bohart 1947, Tashiro 1987)." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2926-ConservationStatus 2926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, but probably of no known concern." 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2926-Cyclicity 2926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2926-Distribution 2926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Kearfott (1905), in describing T. f. nortella, mentions having seen specimens from Regina, Saskatchewan, and from Lethbridge and Pincher Creek in Alberta. Mainly a prairie species." 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2926-GeneralDescription 2926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large crambid (23-31 mm wingspan). Antennae of males unipectinate, actually serrate with fine ciliations. Forewing ashy gray to whitish brown with median white streak, the white streak bounded above by a thicker dark brown line which eventually runs into the apex; seven dark dots in terminal row. The male genitalia are illustrated by Landry (1995). Alberta material belongs to the subspecies nortella Kft. Similar to T. pexella coloradella, but the latter has the oblique line darker, males have bipectinate antennae, and pexella tends to fly later." 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2926-Habitat 2926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie areas. 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2926-LifeCycle 2926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2926-TrophicStrategy 2926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 5/5/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2625-ConservationStatus 2625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2625-Cyclicity 2625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One annual brood, the flight peaking in mid July to early August." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2625-Distribution 2625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs from the southwestern Northwest Territories south to New Mexico and Oklahoma, east to the Atlantic seaboard. Absent from the western Mountains (Opler 1999)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2625-GeneralDescription 2625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The large size (wingspan generally 30 to 38 mm) and bright orange, black-spotted forewing underside will distinguish the Bronze from other coppers. There are no named subspecies." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2625-Habitat 2625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wetland edges, moist meadows, and sedge fens where dock (Rumex) grows." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2625-LifeCycle 2625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs, which hibernate, are white or greenish white (Scott 1986). The larva is yellowish green with a dark dorsal stripe (Layberry et al. 1998), and pupae are light brown with dark dots (Scott 1986). The adults perch on tall grasses and sedges (males wait for females), and colonies tend to be localized in distribution." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2625-TrophicStrategy 2625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on a number of species of dock (Rumex spp.), and are usually associated with Rumex crispus, and possibly also feed on smartweed (Polygonum coccineum) (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2626-ConservationStatus 2626 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2626-Cyclicity 2626 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking in mid July to early August." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2626-Distribution 2626 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western cordilleran species; occurs from the southern Yukon south to Central California and Wyoming. Ranges east in the boreal forest to west-central Saskatchewan (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2626-GeneralDescription 2626 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The mottled grey and black underside makes this a very distinctive copper. Subspecies penroseae occurs in Alberta. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2626-Habitat 2626 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Meadows and clearings in coniferous forest. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2626-LifeCycle 2626 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unlike many of the other coppers in Alberta, Mariposa is usually not associated with wetlands. Trails and clearings in the lodgepole pine forests of the foothills are good places to look for this species." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2626-TrophicStrategy 2626 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Canadian populations were originally believed to feed on members of the Polygonaceae (Polygonum douglasii and Rumex, Hooper 1973, Bird et al. 1995). Recent evidence shows that bog billberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) and small cranberry (V. oxycoccos) are hosts in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Vaccinium species will likely prove to be the hostplants in Alberta." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2627-ConservationStatus 2627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2627-Cyclicity 2627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Single -brooded, most often encountered between mid July and mid August." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2627-Distribution 2627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Arctic islands south to Wyoming, with an isolated population in the Sierra Nevada of California (Opler 1999). Also widespread in eastern north America, where it may have been introduced from Fennoscandia (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2627-GeneralDescription 2627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "No other Alberta coppers have a metallic, coppery forewing and brown hindwing upperside with a broad orange border. Our subspecies (arethusa) differs substantially from the eastern North American (hypophlaeas) and European (nominate phlaeas) populations in habitat, appearance and ecology, and may be a distinct species." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2627-Habitat 2627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moist mountain meadows, often above tree line." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2627-LifeCycle 2627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The immature stages are incompletely known. Mature larvae from the Yukon are green with a pink dorsal stripe and pink below the midline (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The egg or first instar larva overwinters (Guppy & Shepard 2001). 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2627-TrophicStrategy 2627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on mountain sorrel (Oxyria digyna) in the arctic (Layberry et al. 1998). 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2628-ConservationStatus 2628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Occurs locally in specialized habitats; of limited distribution in Canada. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2628-Cyclicity 2628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood annually, flying mostly in July." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2628-Distribution 2628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, the Ruddy Copper is found only in the arid grasslands of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan (Layberry et al. 1998). It ranges south through the Great Plains to New Mexico, west to California and southeast Washington state (Opler 1999)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2628-GeneralDescription 2628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The bright, golden-brassy upperside and light grey underside with reduced or absent markings distinguish this species. The females are less metallic than the males, with well-developed submarginal and discal spots on the upperside. Subspecies siria (= sirius) occurs in AB (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2628-Habitat 2628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairie sand dunes, badlands and sparsely vegetated grasslands." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2628-LifeCycle 2628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages of Canadian populations are undescribed; in the US, larvae are brown with a yellow-edged, dark red dorsal stripe (Scott 1986). Adult males are territorial, and vigorously chase other butterflies (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2628-TrophicStrategy 2628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval foodplant is unconfirmed in Canada, but adults are associated with Sand Dock (Rumex venosus) in Saskatchewan (Hooper 1973). Adults nectar at sunflowers (Helianthus) (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3047-ConservationStatus 3047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare (Bailey 1957). 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3047-Cyclicity 3047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3047-Distribution 3047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Alaska (Chiasson 1986), California, Oregon (Bailey 1957)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3047-GeneralDescription 3047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is brown with the femora, tarsi, apex of all tibiae, antennal segment 3 and the basal portions of antennal segments 4 and 5 a yellowish brown. Ocelli are present in females, absent in males. Antennal segments 3 and 4 each have a forked sense cone, segment 5 has inner and outer simple sense cones, and segment 6 has 1 inner, and 2 outer simple sense cones. The pronotum is broader than long, and the hind tibiae have a row of comb-like setae. Females are macropterous or apterous and males are apterous. When present, forewings are scythe-shaped. Abdominal tergite 8, on macropterous females, has a complete, but sparse, comb of microtrichia, which is absent on apterous females. The male has large median projection on posterior margin of tergite 8 (Bailey & Kono 1966)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3047-Habitat 3047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Carex sp., Calamagrostis sp., Rumex sp., grass (Chiasson 1986)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3047-LifeCycle 3047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3047-TrophicStrategy 3047 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2774-ConservationStatus 2774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common widespread species; no concerns. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2774-Cyclicity 2774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults are on the wing from mid-May through late-July. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2774-Distribution 2774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to Vancouver Island, south to at least the Carolinas and California (?). In Alberta it can be found throughout the Boreal forest region, north to Bitumount and Zama, as well as in the foothills and mountain regions." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2774-GeneralDescription 2774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Hooktips are medium-size broad-winged geometrid-like moths with the forewing apex drawn out into a prominent curved point. The Arched Hook tip (2.4- 4.0 cm wingspan) is yellow-brown or light tan. The forewings are crossed by a series of toothed fine brown lines, with a darker curved line running from the lower margin to the hooked apex, and with two small dark dots in the discal area. The outer margins of the forewings are smooth (toothed in D. bilineata). The hindwings are white or very pale yellow-brown, faintly and incompletely crossed by a series of fine light brown bands. The sexes are similar. The related Two-lined Hooktip (D. bilineata) has darker tan forewings with toothed margins, each crossed by only two fine dark brown lines. The hindwings are unmarked or nearly so. The Rose Hooktip (Oreta rosea) is darker and two-toned dark brown or purple-brown and yellow." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2774-Habitat 2774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland with birch or alder. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2774-LifeCycle 2774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The Arched Hookedtip is nocturnal and comes to light. There is a single brood each year. The larvae are solitary defoliators. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2774-TrophicStrategy 2774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No specific Alberta data. Elsewhere in Canada reported to utilize White Birch (Betula papyrifera) and alder (Alnus sp.) as larval hosts (Prentice, 1963)." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2776-ConservationStatus 2776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species; no concerns. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2776-Cyclicity 2776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, adults have been collected from late August to mid October." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2776-Distribution 2776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west across Canada to southern BC. In Alberta the Grey Midget has been collected in the Boreal forest and parkland regions, north to Zama and south to Edmonton and Didsbury." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2776-GeneralDescription 2776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5-3.1 cm wingspan) ""square-winged"" light grey moth with shiny white hindwings. The adults come in several form, the most common with the forewings marked with a large dark triangular patch in the upper median area, and an oblique black streak along the wing base. The antemedian and postmedian lines are doubled and sinuous, and the round reniform spot has a rust-red pupil. There is also a thin black terminal line. Some specimens lack the dark patches and are quite uniform in color. The hindwings are shiny white, darkening slightly toward the margin. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. The similar N. frigidana is darker grey and lacks the dark edging or basal streaks along the wing base, and often have an egg shaped white or silvery patch near the upper forewing base. There are also a number of similar appearing Tortricid moths." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2776-Habitat 2776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous (poplar) woodland. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2776-LifeCycle 2776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "According to Prentice (1962) the larvae feed as colonial tent makers when common, but are also frequently found as single defoliators. The late fall-early spring flight period may indicate that adults overwinter. Adults are occasionally collected in light traps, but they are apparently not strongly attracted to lights and may be much more common than trapping would indicate." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2776-TrophicStrategy 2776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Poplars, and in particular Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera)." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3375-ConservationStatus 3375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Often abundant in pastures but there is little evidence of crop damage (Mound and Kibby, 1998)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3375-Cyclicity 3375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "All life stages occur throughout the year (Mound et al., 1976)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3375-Distribution 3375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Nunavut (Ellesmere island), Manitoba, Quebec, B.C., Ontario, Quebec, Greenland (Chiasson, 1986). Wide spread throughout the temperate regions of the world (Mound et al., 1976)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3375-GeneralDescription 3375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies around 1.5mm in length, and antennal segments 4 and 5 and the sides of the tibiae are brownish. Antennal segment 6 and the end of the abdomen are a dark brown. The head is somewhat reticulate in the anterior two thirds, but is transversely striate in the posterior third (Stannard, 1968). Antennae are 6-segmented (Mound and Marullo, 1996). Antennal segment 2 does not have flanged sides, and segment 6 is large and consists of morphological segments 6 to 8. Tarsi are 1 segmented. Abdominal tergite 9 has short posterior setae (Stannard, 1968)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3375-Habitat 3375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On leaves or in leaf sheathes of grasses (Palmer, 1975)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3375-LifeCycle 3375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3375-TrophicStrategy 3375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Grasses (Palmer, 1975)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3376-ConservationStatus 3376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3376-Cyclicity 3376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected from June to September. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3376-Distribution 3376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, B.C., Quebec, Ontario (Chiasson, 1986), England, Scotland, Russia, Siberia, Europe (Jacot-Guillarmod, 1974)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3376-GeneralDescription 3376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies around 1.5mm in length and antennal segments 4 and 5 are brownish, as are the sides of the tibiae. Antennal segment 6 and the end of the abdomen are a dark brown. The head is reticulate in the anterior two thirds, though it is transversely striate in the posterior third. Antennae are 8 segmented, with segment 2 not having flanged sides. Tarsi are 2 segmented. Abdominal tergite 9 has three pairs of long and thickened posterior setae (Stannard, 1968)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3376-Habitat 3376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Leaves or leaf sheathes of sedges, or Medicago sativa (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3376-LifeCycle 3376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A. stylifer is more host specific than A. rufus (Palmer, 1975)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3376-TrophicStrategy 3376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3709-ConservationStatus 3709 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon in southern Alberta; common and sometimes an agricultural pest elsewhere. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3709-Cyclicity 3709 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in August and September. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3709-Distribution 3709 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Mainly southwestern North America, but extending eastward across the plains and with a large disjunct population in dune habitats in the southern Great Lakes area. It extends into western Canada only in the southern interior of British Columbia and southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. In Alberta it occurs in the wooded valleys of the grasslands region, north to the Red Deer River." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3709-GeneralDescription 3709 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (3.5 - 4.0 cm wingspan) grey-brown Abagrotis. Head and body grey-brown, unmarked. Forewings essentially unmarked except for the prominent narrow rectangular reniform partially filled with black scales (nearly obsolete in some specimens) and the paler terminal area. Hindwings unmarked sooty brown, slightly darker than the forewings. Antennae filiform. Sexes similar.\n\nVery similar to A. erratica, which is browner, has the post-median line indicated by a series of fine dots, and has biserrate, bifasciculate male antennae. Keys to the species of Abagrotis and illustrations of adults and genitalia of both sexes are presented in Lafontaine, 1998.\n" 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3709-Habitat 3709 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry wooded and shrubby areas 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3709-LifeCycle 3709 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood in Alberta, with the adults flying in fall. The larvae are pale grey with elongated subdorsal spots on all abdominal segments. Larvae prefer the flowers of fruit trees in preference to the leaves, and are sometimes serious pests in orchards further west. Adults are attracted to both lights and sugar baits." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3709-TrophicStrategy 3709 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere recorded from apple (Malus), peach and cherry (Prunus), Saskatoon (Amelanchier), cottonwood (Populus), Boxelder (Acer negundo) and grape (Vitis)." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2837-ConservationStatus 2837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2837-Cyclicity 2837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The single annual flight peaks from late June to early August, depending on habitat." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2837-Distribution 2837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central Yukon south to CA and CO, east to Manitoba." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2837-GeneralDescription 2837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Very similar to S. atlantis, with which it was considered to be conspecific until recently (Scott et al. 1998). The Northwestern is slightly smaller than Atlantis, with a more pointed forewing shape and less upperside black markings, particularly along the wing margin. The hindwing underside is more reddish or rust brown, not chocolate-brown as in Atlantis.\nSubspecies beani of the mountain region has a darker ventral hindwing than the prairie dennisi ( = helena). See Scott et al. (1998) for a taxonomic assessment of this group." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2837-Habitat 2837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clearings, meadows and open woods throughout the province." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2837-LifeCycle 2837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The mature larvae are solid black with spiny protuberances (Guppy & Shepard 2001). This is our commonest and most widespread Speyeria. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2837-TrophicStrategy 2837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on violets in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001), and adults are avid flower visitors." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2953-ConservationStatus 2953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2953-Cyclicity 2953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2953-Distribution 2953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Heming Pers. Comm. 2002), Nova Scotia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Europe, the US (Nakahara 1985)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2953-GeneralDescription 2953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body is generally a dark brown, and varies around 2mm in length. The fore tarsi, and fore tibiae are light brown to yellowish brown (Stannard 1968), the mid and hind tibiae are brown, and the mid and hind tarsi are brown or yellowish brown (Nakahara 1985). Antennal segments 1 and 2 are dark brown, segments 3 to 6 are yellow and segments 7 and 8 are light brown. The forewings each have a light brown spot at the base, and are otherwise colourless. The head is longer than wide and transversely striate. The eyes are somewhat large, and ocelli are present. The postocular setae are mid-sized and somewhat dilated. Antennal segment 3 has 1 outer sense cone, segment 4 has 2 outer and 2 inner sense cones, and segment 8 is broadly joined to segment 7 and is not pedicellate (Stannard 1968). The major setae on the prothorax are dilated, though the anteromarginal setae are poorly developed (Nakahara 1985). The metanotum is so weakly sculptured that it is almost smooth, (Stannard 1968) and each fore tarsi has a small, subapical tooth on the inside of the fore tarsi (Nakahara 1985). The pelta is triangular and has longitudinal reticulations. Two pairs of wing-holding setae are present on each of abdominal segments 2 to 7. The fustis is mid-sized, and the tube is short (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2953-Habitat 2953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Cornus stolinifera (Heming Pers. Comm 2002). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2953-LifeCycle 2953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Both sexes of this species are reported to be in Europe, though only females have been reported in the US and Canada (Nakahara 1985). In fall this species can be found in leaf rolls of Cornus Stolinifera (Heming Pers. Comm 2002)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2953-TrophicStrategy 2953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Mites, eggs of mites and moths (Nakahara 1985)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2850-ConservationStatus 2850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2850-Cyclicity 2850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight, peaking in early July to early August." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2850-Distribution 2850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Peace River grasslands of BC (not yet recorded from the Alberta side) south to NM and AZ, east to Saskatchewan (Scott 1986). There is an isolated record from Ft. McMurray, Alberta (Layberry et al. 1998)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2850-GeneralDescription 2850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Upperside an even, dark grey-brown with two dark forewing eyespots. Underside with fine, dark striations and fore- and hindwing eyespots, hindwing postmedian area with grey frosting. C. pegala is similar, but oetus has the upper forewing spot larger than the lower one, is slighlty smaller overall, and lacks the blue scales often found in the forewing underside spots of pegala.\nOur populations have been referred to either subspecies charon or sylvestris (Guppy & Shepard 2001, Layberry et al. 1998). Bird et al (1995) point out that these names do not describe Alberta populations very well." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2850-Habitat 2850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry montane and prairie grasslands, sandy parkland and prairie grasslands." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2850-LifeCycle 2850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Undescribed in Alberta. The yellow eggs turn orange brown and are laid singly. The larvae are green with dark dorsal and pale subdorsal and lateral lines, and are covered in fine white hairs (Scott 1986). First instars hibernate before beginning to feed in the spring (Scott 1986). Pupae are various shades of green." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2850-TrophicStrategy 2850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Grasses are the likely larval hosts, but no species have been confirmed for western Canada. Adults nectar at flowers (Bird et al. 1995)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2851-ConservationStatus 2851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2851-Cyclicity 2851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single yearly flight peaks in early July to early August. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2851-Distribution 2851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "BC and Alberta south to CA and AZ, east across the continent to the east coast (Layberry et al. 1998)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2851-GeneralDescription 2851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside is an even, dark chocolate brown with two dark (often white-pupilled) forewing eyespots, with two or three hindwing underside spots (sometimes a complete row). The eyespots are better-developed on the underside, which has fine, dark striations and a vague median line. Females are larger and paler, often with a more pronounced pale patch surrounding the eyespots dorsally. There is no orange surrounding the dorsal forewing eyespots as in eyed Erebia species. C. oetus is similar, but pegala never has the upper forewing spot larger than the lower one, is slighlty larger overall, and often has blue scales in the forewing underside spots. \nSubspecies ino, named from Calgary, reportedly describes all Alberta populations (Bird et al. 1995)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2851-Habitat 2851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasslands, meadows, pastures and roadsides throughout most of Alberta except the boreal." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2851-LifeCycle 2851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Immature stages of western Canadian populations are undescribed. Guppy & Shepard (2001) illustrate a grown larva and pupa from south-central BC. Larvae overwinter in the first instar (Layberry et al. 1998). The most widespread and common satyrine in the province. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2851-TrophicStrategy 2851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larval hosts are unrecorded in western Canada, primarily reported to be grasses elsewhere, including wild oats (Avena fatua) (Layberry et al. 1998). Unlike most satyrines, adults (particularly females) are avid flower visitors and frequent thistles and alfalfa (Klassen et al. 1989, Bird et al. 1998)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3050-ConservationStatus 3050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status There are no recent records from Alberta. 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3050-Cyclicity 3050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity There are no recent records from Alberta. 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3050-Distribution 3050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The known range of this species extends from Alberta and British Columbia south to California and New Mexico. In Alberta, historical records indicate this species was collected from the Beaver Creek area (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3050-GeneralDescription 3050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are dark brown and the vertex of the head is dark brown with yellowish warts. In males, there is a ridge on the meso-basal ledge of the clasper. The distal article of the clasper has a distal tooth directed posterad (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3050-Habitat 3050 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat There are no recent records from Alberta. 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24844-ConservationStatus 24844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Of no concern, a serious pest in some places." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 7:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24844-Cyclicity 24844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found at any time of year. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 7:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24844-Distribution 24844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found outdoors from California to Arizona and British Columbia, also a pest in greenhouses in Alberta and Manitoba." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 7:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24844-GeneralDescription 24844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A variable species that can be difficult to identify (Landry, et al. 1999). The forewing is yellowish brown to light grey with variably expressed darker grey or brown markings. When the markings are visible they typically consist of a basal patch and broad median band that both slant towards the anal angle and there is a triangular spot on the costa in the postmedian area. The hindwing and abdomen are dull greyish white and the thorax and head are concolorous with the forewing.\nThe larva has a brown head with black lateral stripes while the body is pale yellowish brown to green with some darker stripes and pale pinacula (Duncan 2006)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 7:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24844-Habitat 24844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta restricted to greenhouses, in more southern areas in nearly any habitat, often abundant in citrus orchards." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 7:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24844-LifeCycle 24844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle In Alberta this is strictly a greenhouse pest where it can complete several generations a year. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 7:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24844-TrophicStrategy 24844 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polyphagous on coniferous and deciduous trees and many herbaceous plants (Duncan 2006), a serious pest of citrus trees in California and in greenhouses in British Columbia (MacKay 1962)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 7:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2658-ConservationStatus 2658 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2658-Cyclicity 2658 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, appearing in early spring (April to May) and again in August to October." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2658-Distribution 2658 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is at home in the boreal forest, from the southern Yukon and the Mackenzie Valley of the Northwest Territories southeast across Canada to Newfoundland, south to North Carolina and Kansas (Layberry et al. 1998)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2658-GeneralDescription 2658 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is one of three commas with a dark, two-toned underside; distinguished from the Hoary Comma (P. gracilis) by the submarginal hindwing spots, which are clearly outlined and stand out against a solid dark border in progne, but are diffuse in gracilis. Greys lack the prominent patches of white wing fringes found in the Oreas Comma (P. oreas), which give the wing margin a more jagged appearance. The wing upperside of progne is also brighter orange with smaller black spots compared to oreas.\nThere are no described subspecies, although some authors consider the Oreas Comma (P. oreas) as a subspecies of the Grey. Both forms, however, occur together in parts of Alberta and British Columbia without apparent interbreeding (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001).\n" 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2658-Habitat 2658 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Primarily a forest species, found in openings in moist mixed-wood areas." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2658-LifeCycle 2658 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The light green eggs have seven vertical ribs that project above the top, and are laid singly on the hostplant; they hatch within 8 or 9 days (Bird et al. 1995). The mature larvae are tan-coloured with black and paler brown oblique stripes across the back. They bear the branched spines typical of this genus, and these can be black, yellow or white. The pupae are mottled pinkish brown and green (Guppy & Shepard 2001).\nLike other commas, adults emerge in late summer, are active until fall, then enter hibernation in sheltered areas such as hollow logs and buildings. They emerge from hibernation in the first warm days of early spring.\n" 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2658-TrophicStrategy 2658 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae reportedly feed primarily on gooseberry and currant (Ribes spp.) (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults feed on tree sap flows (Guppy & Shepard 2001). 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3378-ConservationStatus 3378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon in North America (Stannard, 1968), and in Canada (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3378-Cyclicity 3378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3378-Distribution 3378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Manitoba, Alaska (Chiasson, 1986), USA, Czechoslovakia, England. It is presumed to be Holarctic (Stannard, 1968)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3378-GeneralDescription 3378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies around 1.4 mm in length, and is dark brown. Antennal segments 3 and 4 and all tarsi are yellowish. Forewings are pale at the base, pale brown in the middle, dark brown at the tip (Stannard, 1968). Ocelli are red in unmacerated specimens (Heming). Head slightly wider than long and is moderate in size. The prothorax is almost entirely bare of setae in the center (Stannard, 1968). This species is wing polymorphic, with males and females being brachypterous, up to fully winged (Heming). Abdominal tergite 8 lacks a complete comb of microtrichia on the posterior margin. Abdominal sternites have a posterior pair of setae placed forward of the margin in most sternites (Stannard, 1968)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3378-Habitat 3378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Sedges, clover, grasses, meadow, Hordeum jubatum (Chiasson, 1986) marsh (Stannard, 1968)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3378-LifeCycle 3378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3378-TrophicStrategy 3378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3380-ConservationStatus 3380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This is the only species of Belothrips recorded so far in Canada (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3380-Cyclicity 3380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3380-Distribution 3380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, (Chiasson, 1986) Finland, Sweden, Latvia Czechoslovakia, Poland (Jacot-Guillarmod, 1974)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3380-GeneralDescription 3380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description As per genus. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3380-Habitat 3380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasses & forbes (Chiasson, 1986), Galium sp., Holcus lanatus (Jacot-Guillarmod, 1974)" 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3380-LifeCycle 3380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3380-TrophicStrategy 3380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3387-ConservationStatus 3387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3387-Cyclicity 3387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in July and August. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3387-Distribution 3387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986) Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3387-GeneralDescription 3387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies around 1.6mm in length, and is brown. The apex of antennal segment 2 is yellow, and the forewings are grayish brown, except for a pale gray subbasal band. The head is prolonged in front of the eyes and the vertex of the head has 4 to 6 pairs of stout setae. Antennal segment 1 is enlarged, segment 2 is greatly produced at the apex, and segments 3 and 4 have simple sense cones. Antennal segment 6 is much shorter than the length of segments 4 and 5 combined. The pronotum is moderately setose. The mesonotum is scalloped anteriorly and along the extreme posterior margin. Mesosternum and metasternum have many stout setae. Males are apterous. Abdominal tergites have one to several lines of minute scallops subbasally. Abdominal sternites, except terminal ones, have large scallop-like markings (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3387-Habitat 3387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Short grass prairie, Artemesia cana, various other grasses, (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3387-LifeCycle 3387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3387-TrophicStrategy 3387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3388-ConservationStatus 3388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3388-Cyclicity 3388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3388-Distribution 3388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3388-GeneralDescription 3388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Antennal segment 1 is not enlarged and antennal segment 2 has a well-produced, broadly rounded apex with apical setae that arise from a concave area below the tip. The head has 3 pairs of setae on the vertex. The mesonotum and metanotum lack numerous short, stout setae, though a few pairs may be present (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3388-Habitat 3388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Willow, sedges, Calamagrostis sp., Glyceria sp." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3388-LifeCycle 3388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3388-TrophicStrategy 3388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3389-ConservationStatus 3389 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3389-Cyclicity 3389 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3389-Distribution 3389 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Saskatchewan, from Mexico, through the U.S. and into Canada (Chiasson, 1986), and Europe (Bailey, 1957)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3389-GeneralDescription 3389 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "At one time C. falsus was believed to constitute a complex of 3 different species, however this species was differentiated from C. simplex and C. patruelis by Zur Strassen's (1960) paper on the genus Chirothrips. See Zur Strassen's (1960) paper for further details on the genus Chirothrips, and C. falsus, C. simplex, and C. patruelis, in particular. Body varies around 1.5mm in length and is dark brown, with orange sub-integumental pigment in the thorax. Head is barely prolonged beyond eyes (Stannard, 1968). Males have 6 ante-ocellar setae (Zur Strassen, 1960). Antennal segment 1 is small, segment 2 is slightly pronounced at the outer angle and the tip is broadly rounded. Thorax lacks stout setae, and the mesoscutum has striae that are not scalloped. Males are brachypterous. Abdominal tergites lack scallops, and abdominal sternites have transverse striae (Stannard, 1968).\n" 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3389-Habitat 3389 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Various grasses, including Bromus sp. (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3389-LifeCycle 3389 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3389-TrophicStrategy 3389 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3390-ConservationStatus 3390 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3390-Cyclicity 3390 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3390-Distribution 3390 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986), Europe, Siberia (Priesner, 1949)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3390-GeneralDescription 3390 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Apex of the antennal segment 2 is not produced along the outer margin, and is approximately symmetrical. Antennal segment 4 has a simple sense cone, and segment 3 is shorter than 5. The pronotum is distinctly broader than long. The outer distal edge of the fore femur is strongly reflexed, and looks like a curved tooth when viewed dorsally (Zur Strassen, 1960). Males are micropterous (Mound et al., 1976). The hind margins of the abdominal tergites have a dentate border. Glandular areas on the abdominal segments of males are transversely elongate (Zur Strassen, 1960)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3390-Habitat 3390 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Sedges and various grasses (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3390-LifeCycle 3390 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3390-TrophicStrategy 3390 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2818-ConservationStatus 2818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare in Alberta (one record as of 2002), at the extreme northwestern limit of it's range." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2818-Cyclicity 2818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The only Alberta record is for an adult collected May 19, 2000." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2818-Distribution 2818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada, from Nova Scotia west to eastern Alberta, south to Florida and Texas and in the Rocky Mountains. In Alberta known only from wooded riparian habitat along the arid lower South Saskatchewan River valley, near the Saskatchewan border." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2818-GeneralDescription 2818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (3.2 - 4.4 cm wingspan) narrow-winged mottled grey moth with poorly defined markings. There are dark grey or dull black markings in the anal angle, at the reniform and along the costa. There may also be a thin, indistinct black basal streak. The area between the reniform and orbicular spots is lighter than the rest of the wing, as is the very jagged, doubled poorly defined postmedian line. The terminal line is a series or dark dots between the veins; the fringe is checkered grey and white. The hingwing in males is shining white, with a series of dark dots marking the terminal line. The Long-winged Dagger Moth is very similar to the Smeared Dagger Moth, but is slightly darker grey and blotchier in pattern, and has thin black streaks on the wing base and in the anal angle. The antennae are simple. The sexes are similar, but females have darker hindwings." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2818-Habitat 2818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland and shrub. 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2818-LifeCycle 2818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are solitary defoliators of deciduous trees and shrubs (Prentice 1962). There is probably a single annual brood in Alberta. The larvae are illustrated in color in Wagner et al (1997). The cocoons are formed between leaves drawn together with silk, and they overwinter as pupae. The adults come to light." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2818-TrophicStrategy 2818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported larval hosts include a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, including birch (Betula), willow (Salix), cherry (Prunus), oak (Quercus), rose (Rosa), alder (Alnus), and others. (Rings et al. 1992)." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2819-ConservationStatus 2819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread but uncommon; no concerns. 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2819-Cyclicity 2819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from mid May through late July. 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2819-Distribution 2819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west across Canada to B.C., north to Lake Athabasca and south to Florida and Texas. In Alberta, it has been collected mainly in the Boreal forest and Aspen parklands regions, north to Lake Athabasca and south to about Red Deer, as well as in the foothills at Calgary." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2819-GeneralDescription 2819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-5.4 cm wingspan) long-winged moth with streaky dull grey forewings and shining white hindwings. The forewings are pale grey heavily overlain with dark grey longitudinal streaking, and lack the sharp black markings found in most dagger moths. The cross lines are absent with the exception of the rather indistinct antemedian and postmedian line, which are jagged and partially filled with white scales. The reniform is usually indicated by a slightly darker blotch, and the area between it and the orbicular is noticeably paler than the rest of the wing. There is a terminal row of black dots between the veins. The hind wings are shining white, except for the terminal row of black dots and a few darker scales along the veins. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. The much rarer Acronicta longa is very similar, but has several small dark markings along the lower forewing that gives it a slightly more contrasting appearance." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2819-Habitat 2819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodlands, edges, meadows, bogs and wetlands." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2819-LifeCycle 2819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Smeared Dagger Moth is a defoliator of a wide range of plants, and in eastern North America has reached pest status on occasion. The larva, known as the Smartweed caterpillar, has bristly brown or reddish hairs dorsally, and a row of yellow, inverted V-shaped yellow spots laterally. There is a single brood each year, which overwinters as pupae. The adults come to light.\nThis species is unusual among the dagger moths in the wide range of larval host plants it uses, including trees and shrubs, herbs and even grasses. These include a number of agricultural crops, and on occasion it has been recorded reaching pest status. Most Acronicta utilize deciduous trees and shrubs as hosts. The larva has been reported to have urticating (irritating) hairs." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2819-TrophicStrategy 2819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere a wide variety of trees, shrubs and herbs and even grasses, including willow (Salix), alder (Alnus), strawberry (Fragaria), cattail (Typha), smartweed (Polygonum), fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium), and grasses. See Rings et al (1992) or Handfield (1999) for more extensive lists." 4/1/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2988-ConservationStatus 2988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2988-Cyclicity 2988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2988-Distribution 2988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental in the boreal zone in from Alaska to eastern Quebec, and down into the Great Lake States (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2988-GeneralDescription 2988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Second and third segments of the antennae are about the same size. The mesotibia of male is simple, or has a slight dilation. Elytra striate, becoming obliterated in the broadly punctured areas. The general body outline, is similar in appearance to beetles of Poecilonota cyanipes. There are two subspecies of D. callosa recognized by Bright (1987). No, good structural features for separating the subspecies were given except for relative size and geography. Bright reported both subspecies from Alberta. In my examination of the material, I recognize one subspecies, Dicerca callosa callosa Casey." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2988-Habitat 2988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2988-LifeCycle 2988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle In Alberta adults were found resting on charred trunks of jack pine in a mixed stand of aspen and jack pine. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2988-TrophicStrategy 2988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown, the beetles are primarily associated with aspen, but also taken on some conifers, white pine in the east (Bright 1987) and jack pine in the west." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2989-ConservationStatus 2989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2989-Cyclicity 2989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2989-Distribution 2989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is widespread through North America (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2989-GeneralDescription 2989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is perhaps the most frequently encountered species of Dicerca encountered in the aspen forests. Beetles are black, sometimes with a bluish tint. Elytral striae are complete to the apex, but sometimes weakly impressed. The mesotibia of the male has a distinct tooth. A similar species, D. hesperoborealis, may be separated, by examining the median carina (ridge) on the plate just before the hind coxa. The ridge lacks or has a very weak groove on one end. On beetles of D. hesperoborealis there is a distinct groove." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2989-Habitat 2989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreal, Montaine and hardwood forests." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2989-LifeCycle 2989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "These beetles breed in poplar trees, but may commonly be encountered, sitting on trunks of other tree species within the aspen/poplar stand. In Alberta the beetles have been found resting on lodgepole pine, jack pine and white spruce trees. The beetles are readily attracted to fire killed aspen." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2989-TrophicStrategy 2989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species has been reared from balsam poplar and aspen in Alberta and is known from many other species of Populus elsewhere in North America (Bright 1987). 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2990-ConservationStatus 2990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, but likely wide spread." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2990-Cyclicity 2990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2990-Distribution 2990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western North America, from Alberta and British Columbia south through the Rocky Mountain states to California (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2990-GeneralDescription 2990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar in appearance to beetles of D. tenebrica. Adults of hesperoborealis tend to be more ""brassy"" in colour than those of tenebrica. The grooved medial carina of the anticoxal plate of hesperoborealis will separate the species." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2990-Habitat 2990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Birch stands. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2990-LifeCycle 2990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In Alberta the beetles has been reared from paper birch. The larval cycle is expected to last at least 2 years (Ives and Wong, 1988)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2990-TrophicStrategy 2990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species has been reared from birch in Alberta. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2621-ConservationStatus 2621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2621-Cyclicity 2621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly brood, adults most common from early to late July." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2621-Distribution 2621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to south-central BC, east to the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland (Layberry et al. 1998). Essentially a boreal species, absent from the prairies." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2621-GeneralDescription 2621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Very similar to the Purplish Copper (L. helloides). The Dorcas Copper is slightly smaller with a wingspan of 19 to 27 mm (helloides: 23 to 33 mm). The orange band on the hindwing upperside is reduced in dorcas, and the dark border of the forewing is wider. The forewing shape is not as pointed as it is in helloides. The male dorcas specimen illustrated in Bird et al. (1995) is actually a Purplish Copper. Northern boreal populations are most similar to the nominate subspecies. The taxon florus, described from the Crowsnest Pass region, may be a subspecies of dorcas, or possibly a separate species altogether (Kondla and Guppy 2002). In Alberta, it occurs only in the southern mountains (contra Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2621-Habitat 2621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Bogs and fens of the boreal region and moist meadows in the southern foothills. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2621-LifeCycle 2621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages have been described for Michigan populations; the egg is white, and larvae are pale green with a dark green dorsal line and faint, white oblique bands (Nielsen 1999). The egg overwinters, and hatches in April (Newcomb 1910). Adults nectar at water hemlock and marsh cinquefoil in Saskatchewan (Hooper 1973)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2621-TrophicStrategy 2621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval foodplant is unknown in Alberta; in Michigan, eggs and larvae are found on Shrubby Cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa) (Nielsen 1999). This plant may be used throughout the Dorcas Copper's range, although populations also occur in habitats where P. fruticosa is absent." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2622-ConservationStatus 2622 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The status of L. editha populations in Alberta is unknown. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2622-Cyclicity 2622 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flies from late June into August in the Rocky Mountain states (Ferris & Brown 1981). 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2622-Distribution 2622 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northeastern California, central Oregon and southeastern Washington east to Montana and south to Colorado. Known in Canada from a single specimen collected by Thomas Baird near High River, AB in the early 1900s (Anweiler & Schmidt, in prep.)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2622-GeneralDescription 2622 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is one of only two coppers in the province that have a predominantly grey upperside; the other large, grey copper is the Grey (L. dione); Edith's has irregularly-shaped underside spots, giving it a splotchy appearance, while the Grey has spots which are more rounded. The marginal orange band in Edith's is indistinct, compared to slightly broader and brighter in L. dione. Edith's was once considered a subspecies of the Grey, but most people now treat these two as separate species." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2622-Habitat 2622 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Unknown in AB; likely to inhabit moist montane meadows. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2622-LifeCycle 2622 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life history is incompletely known, and descriptions of the immature stages are not available." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2622-TrophicStrategy 2622 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on species of docks (Rumex spp.) in the Pacific Northwest (Pyle 2002). 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2659-ConservationStatus 2659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2659-Cyclicity 2659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, appearing in early spring (April to May) and again in August to October." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2659-Distribution 2659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout the boreal region of Canada from the central Yukon and southern Northwest territories east and south New England. South in the western US to New Mexico and California (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2659-GeneralDescription 2659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Satyr Commas have a striped (in males) or evenly-coloured (females) brown underside rather than two-toned grey like the other Polygonia species (except for the Question Mark, which is larger and has a violet upperside wing border). Satyrs are sexually dimorphic, and the underside of the female has a more monotone, smooth brown underside than the male." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2659-Habitat 2659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In woodlands throughout the province, particularly in the boreal and parkland regions." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2659-LifeCycle 2659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are whitish and have 10 to 12 vertical ribs. Mature larvae have a black, bilobed head with each lobe bearing a spine; the body is black with greenish white lines and black chevron marks along the dorsum, and is covered in branched spines (Scott 1986, Layberry et al. 1998). The pupa is tan-coloured with a sivler patch below the thorax (Scott 1986). Adults live longer than most other butterflies since they hibernate; eggs are laid in the spring by overwintered females, and the next generation is on the wing by late summer. One of the first butterflies to appear in spring, becoming active in April, occasionally earlier with warm weather spells." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2659-TrophicStrategy 2659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae have only been found on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) in Canada (Layberry et al. 1998). 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3101-ConservationStatus 3101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3101-Cyclicity 3101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected on July 8 and September 10. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3101-Distribution 3101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is only known from Alberta and Quebec (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3101-GeneralDescription 3101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are yellow-brown and the vertex of the head is yellow-brown with paler warts. Forewings are yellow-brown. In males, the clasper has a full base and a small black spine on the extremity of the dorsal surface. The mesal face of the cercus has a small ridge of black spines (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3101-Habitat 3101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small muskeg lakes of the mountains and foothills. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3101-LifeCycle 3101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual?\n\n 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3101-TrophicStrategy 3101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are detritovores. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3391-ConservationStatus 3391 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not considered a pest species as it doesn't appear to cause damage to grain crops (Bailey, 1957)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3391-Cyclicity 3391 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults collected in June, July, and August." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3391-Distribution 3391 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, B.C. Yukon, NWT. (Chiasson, 1986), former USSR, Europe, Sweden, North America, Central America (Ananthakrishnan, 1984)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3391-GeneralDescription 3391 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 1.5mm in length and is almost entirely dark brown with red sub-integumental pigment. Forewings, antennal segment 3, and tarsi are a lighter brown. Hindwings are pale gray except for the base of the wings, which are light brown. Occellar crescents are red in unmacerated specimens. Head is moderately prolonged beyond the eyes and has few dorsal setae in unmacerated specimens. Antennal segment 1 is not enlarged, segment 2 is produced at an outer angle and the produced tip is acute. Segment 6 and the style (consisting of segments 7 and 8) are not unusually long. The thorax lacks stout setae, though the pronotum has 2 pairs of prominent epimeral setae. Mesoscutum has anterior scalloped striae. Males are brachypterous. Abdominal tergites lack scallops, and sternites have transverse striae, except for posterior line, which is scalloped (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3391-Habitat 3391 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alopecurus pratensis, Lilium sp., clover, peach, pear, apple, grasses, wheat." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3391-LifeCycle 3391 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3391-TrophicStrategy 3391 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3770-ConservationStatus 3770 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon in Alberta, which is at the northern edge of the range; no reasons for concern." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3770-Cyclicity 3770 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta specimens have been collected from early July to mid August. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3770-Distribution 3770 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in the northern Great Plains and western mountains, from southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta west to Vancouver Island, east and south to Minnesota, Nebraska, Colorado, west Texas, southern Arizona, New Mexico and California. In Alberta montanae has been collected sparingly in the foothills and grasslands north to Olds and Medicine Hat." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3770-GeneralDescription 3770 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approximately 4.4-5.0 cm. wingspan) long-winged grey and brown moth. The forewings are a mix of dull grey and brown, with the central and basal areas paler than the leading and trailing edges. The reniform and orbicular spots are large, filled with with light brown scales and partially outlined with black. The trailing edge of the forewing is narrowly bordered with black scales, widening toward the outer margin and forming a small curved crescent mark before reaching the anal angle. The hindwings are dull white with a broad sooty brown marginal band, and with the veins finely lined with brown scales. The brown scaling on the forewings rather than blue grey or violet grey combined with the paler central and basal areas and the broad well defined band on the hindwings will separate montanae from all other Alberta Cucullia. A key to the North American species, along with illustrations of the adults and the genitalia of both sexes, are provided in Poole (1995)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3770-Habitat 3770 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta montanae has been collected sparingly in the foothills and grasslands 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3770-LifeCycle 3770 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle There is a single annual brood. The nocturnal adults fly in Alberta in summer. The larvae are described by Crumb (1956) and Poole (1994). Recorded host plants include Grindella sp. (gumweed) and Chrysothamnus sp. (rabbitbrush) both Compositae. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3770-TrophicStrategy 3770 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere larvae have been found on gum-weed (Grindelia sp.) and rabbitbrush (Crysothamnus sp.), both in the family Asteraceae." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3775-ConservationStatus 3775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rarely collected in Alberta (one record), which is at the northeastern edge of its range" 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3775-Cyclicity 3775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The only Alberta specimen was collected on June 12, 1992." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3775-Distribution 3775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern North America, northwest to southern Alberta and central Montana, south to to Texas and New Mexico. In Alberta, it has been collected once, 10 km west of Drumheller." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3775-GeneralDescription 3775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5 cm. ws.) broad-winged light grey or yellow-brown moth. Both fore and hing wings have a very ""busy"" pattern of numerous zig-zag cross lines mixed with lighter and darker patches. Similar in pattern to Zale minerea, but smaller, paler, and less colorful. Like other Zale sp., color and pattern may be quite variable. Most likely to be mistaken for a geometrid moth." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3775-Habitat 3775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Shelterbelts and urban areas with maple trees; riparian maple groves. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3775-LifeCycle 3775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are soliary defoliators of maples. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3775-TrophicStrategy 3775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere various species of maples (Acer sp.) including A. negundo, A. rubrum, and A. spicatum. In Alberta, probably A. negundo (Manitoba maple)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3896-ConservationStatus 3896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3896-Cyclicity 3896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The peak adult flight occurs throughout June. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3896-Distribution 3896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to BC and southern NWT, south to Colorado (McGuffin 1972)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3896-GeneralDescription 3896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of a number of similar looking, faintly marked white geometroid moths. The wings are cream-white and unmarked except for a fine specking of brown scales, particularly along the costa. No trace of discal spots or transverse lines. Very similar to Cabera variolaria, but in virginalis the male anntenal pectinations are much shorter, the frons (face) is cream not yellow and white, and the forelegs are grey not tan. Eudeilinea herminiata (Drepanidae) is similar but lacks any trace of the tan-scaled speckling.\nSubspecies hulstiaria Taylor has reduced speckling and a visible PM line; once treated as specifically distinct from virginalis, McGuffin (1972) considered it a clinal form of virginalis. Whether form hulstaria occurs in the southwest Alberta mountains remains to be documented; Prentice (1963) shows it occuring in BC east to the AB border.\n" 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3896-Habitat 3896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic deciduous and mixedwood forests. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3896-LifeCycle 3896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle McGuffin (1972) details the immature stages. Adults come to light and are often common. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3896-TrophicStrategy 3896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae prefer trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), but also feed on other poplars and willows (Salix spp.) (Prentice 1963)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3930-ConservationStatus 3930 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3930-Cyclicity 3930 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in mid to late June in Alberta. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3930-Distribution 3930 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to central BC. In Alberta, occurs in the major river valleys of the prairies, and north to Athabasca and Fort McMurray. (McGuffin 1987). Although McGuffin (1987) reports this species from the central boreal region in Alberta, extensive surveying in recent years has failed to turn up T. cachexiata in the Boreal forest region in the province; all recent records are from the major river valleys of the southern prairies." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3930-GeneralDescription 3930 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large cream white, nearly immaculate geometrid moth; the only wing markings consist of a straight, tan transverse line from the apex to the anal margin of the forewing. Hindwings unmarked.\nThe straight PM line and absence of other prominent wing markings will identify the two Tetracis species. T. cachexiata is much paler than T. crocallata, and lacks a discal spot and the dusting of dark scales found in crocallata.\n" 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3930-Habitat 3930 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous boreal forest and prairie riparian woodlands in Alberta. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3930-LifeCycle 3930 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The caterpillar is variably marked with tan, brown and black, bearing several small dorsal warts. The second thoracic segment is conspicuously thickened, giving the caterpillar a convincing ""broken-twig"" appearance (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light, and pupae overwinter." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3930-TrophicStrategy 3930 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalists on deciduous trees and shrubs (occasionally conifers in the East). Recorded hosts which occur in Alberta include alder (Alnus), birch (Betula), cherry (Prunus), poplar (Populus), Viburnum and willow (Salix) (Wagner et al. 2001)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3931-ConservationStatus 3931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern in Alberta. 11/25/03 0:00 3/3/15 11:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3931-Cyclicity 3931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "A spring flier, found primarily in May (boreal), June (foothills), and July (alpine)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/3/15 11:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3931-Distribution 3931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A boreo-montane species. Alaska to Newfoundland, south in the Rockies to Colorado, and northern New England in the east (McGuffin 1972). In Alberta found in the mountains from the foothills to the alpine, as well as in the Boreal Forest region." 11/25/03 0:00 3/3/15 11:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3931-GeneralDescription 3931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small, bright, day-flying geometrid; the bold orange and white-bordered brown stripes across both fore- and hindwing are unique. Sexes are similar; males with pectinate antennae and females with simple antennae." 11/25/03 0:00 3/3/15 11:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3931-Habitat 3931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open coniferous woods, particularly open montane pine woods and boreal peat bogs." 11/25/03 0:00 3/3/15 11:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3931-LifeCycle 3931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are laid on the underside of the leaf of the hostplant and hatch in one to two weeks. Larvae feed for about 40 days before pupating for the winter (McGuffin 1972). McGuffin (1972) describes the immature stages. Adults fly over barren areas where heaths (Ericaceae) grow, and are not known to be active by night. A local but occasionally common moth." 11/25/03 0:00 3/3/15 11:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3931-TrophicStrategy 3931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on bearberry (Arctostaphylus) in Colorado (Dyar, in Forbes 1948) and leather-leaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata) in the eastern US (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults are often associated with Arctostaphylos uva-ursi in Alberta. Probably also feeds on other heaths such as Vaccinium in boreal peat bogs." 11/25/03 0:00 3/3/15 11:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3932-ConservationStatus 3932 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3932-Cyclicity 3932 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly throughout July in Alberta. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3932-Distribution 3932 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to NWT and BC, south to MI, IN and AZ (Covell 1970, Handfield 1999)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3932-GeneralDescription 3932 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small light tan geometrid with well-defined dark crosslines and discal spots. The forewing apex is more pointed in ancellata than in other Scopula, and the row of fine, black terminal dashes is characteristic. See Covell (1970) and McGuffin (1967) for genitalic traits." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3932-Habitat 3932 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and coniferous forests. Appears to be associated with coniferous habitats. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3932-LifeCycle 3932 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle McGuffin (1970) gives a brief description of the immature stages. No other published information is available on this species' biology. Adults come to light. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3932-TrophicStrategy 3932 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae will feed on white sweetclover (Meliotus alba) and alder (Alnus tenuifolia) (Handfield 1999). 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2867-ConservationStatus 2867 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2867-Cyclicity 2867 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to August. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2867-Distribution 2867 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Described from Oregon by Grote (1880). Reported by Dyar (1904) from British Columbia. Reported from the Banff area by Bowman (1951), and has been collected at Burmis near the Crowsnest Pass." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2867-GeneralDescription 2867 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small Crambus (17-21 mm wingspan). Forewing ochraceous brown with white or grayish areas; with a longitudinal diffuse white median stripe, a dark brown acutely dentate median line, a blotchy white post median line, then a dark brown area between it and the subterminal line, the latter is brown edged with white outwardly, the terminal line is dark brown with black dots; finally there is a fringe of brownish or whitish scales. Hind wing smoky with narrow terminal line and white fringes." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2867-Habitat 2867 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Meadows in the mountains and foothills. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2867-LifeCycle 2867 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Uncommon, but probably of no concern." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2867-TrophicStrategy 2867 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3158-ConservationStatus 3158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Locally common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3158-Cyclicity 3158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early July to mid-September. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3158-Distribution 3158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Yukon, south to Idaho. In Alberta, this species is found in the mountains and foothills (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3158-GeneralDescription 3158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are dark brown and the vertex of the head is deep chocolate brown, with white warts. In males, the clasper is massive and overall recurved. The postero-ventral corner of the distal article is slightly pinched off at the posterior edge, forming a triangular process (Nimmo, 1971). \n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3158-Habitat 3158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alpine trickles or deep, slow creeks and small mountainous lakes as well." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3158-TrophicStrategy 3158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3160-ConservationStatus 3160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3160-Cyclicity 3160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid-July though to the end of August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3160-Distribution 3160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout the Cordillera, extending from Alaska, south to Idaho and Washington. In Alberta, this species is confined to the mountain and foothill areas (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3160-GeneralDescription 3160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are yellow-brown and the vertex of the head is red-brown. In the males, the distal article of the clasper is bifurcated to acuminate, triangular processes (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3160-Habitat 3160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in the mountains, ranging from swift brooks to turbulent torrents." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3160-TrophicStrategy 3160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3161-ConservationStatus 3161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncertain. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3161-Cyclicity 3161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from May to August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3161-Distribution 3161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alaska, south to Utah, Colorado and Wyoming, and east to Newfoundland (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3161-GeneralDescription 3161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult head, thorax, wings and legs are dark brown. Spurs and spines of legs are highly variable in this species. In males, the clasper is linear, slender and distally bifurcate. The ventral lobe is bifurcate and resembles scissors (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3161-Habitat 3161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3161-LifeCycle 3161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual?. The biology of the larva is unknown. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3161-TrophicStrategy 3161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3815-ConservationStatus 3815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common widespread species; no concerns. 11/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3815-Cyclicity 3815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from late April through early July. 11/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3815-Distribution 3815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada, west to Vancouver Island, north into the southern Boreal forest and south in the mountains. In Alberta it occurs from the Milk River in the extreme south north into the southern Boreal Forest (Redwater, Edmonton). Bowman (1951) recorded it only from Medicine Hat, and it has apparently moved into the Edmonton area since that time." 11/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3815-GeneralDescription 3815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-5.0 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth. Color quite variable in both sexes. The FW of females is dark chocolate brown, almost black in the basal and costal one-third, paler and red-brown in the outer half. The ST line is black and well defined along the lower two-thirds, darker distally except for apex region. HW chocolate brown striated with many faint black bands, and with a nearly straight black line with paler yellow brown scaling along the outer edge crossing the outer third. Both wings moderately scalloped. Male smaller, brighter. Basal one quarter and costa dark brown, most of median area bright red-brown or mahogany, separated from the basal area by a lighter grey band. The terminal area is light yellow-brown or cream divided into an upper and lower patch. HW like female but lighter brown, and with a pale patch on the lower one-third. Antennae simple. \n\nSimilar-wings greatly resemble geometrid moths, both in their unusually patterned HW and their habit of resting flat with wings partially opened. The Mahogany Similar-wing is very similar to the Lunate Similar-wing (Z. lunata)which, although not yet taken in Alberta, occurs both to the east and west and should be watched for. Questionable specimens should have their identity confirmed by examining the genitalia. Alberta specimens are referable to ssp. norda, a brighter form, named from southern Alberta material.\n" 11/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3815-Habitat 3815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood woodland. 11/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3815-LifeCycle 3815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are solitary defliators. They overwinter in the pupal stage. 11/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3815-TrophicStrategy 3815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A generalist feeder on flowering trees and shrubs (Miller and Hammond, 1998). No specific Alberta data; elsewhere a wide variety of deciduous shrubs and trees, including willows (Salix sp.), White birch (Betula papyrifera), hazel (Corylus), spruce (Picea sp.) and apple (Malus) (both foliage and fruit)." 11/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6318-GeneralDescription 6318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-3.5 cm wingspan) moth with orange-brown or less commonly grey-brown or brown forewings, and dull black hindwings with light red-brown fringe. The small dark orbicular and more prominent dark reniform usually stands out against the ground. The lines, and in particular the antemedian and postmedian lines are doubled and indicated by an incomplete series of dark scales. The terminal area is the same color but lighter than the rest of the wing, and is usually separated from the rest of the wing by a dark shade or line. Some specimens are speckled with darker scales, especially on the basal half. Antennae simple. Sexes are alike except that females (as illustrated) have a wide, flattened abdomen. Similar to reddish forms of placida, but lacking the median shade crossing the forewing in placida, and with different genitalia. Specimens of trigona are usually smaller, have a shorter and more angular wing and are a lighter shade of orange. Some specimens of cupida may be nearly impossible to separate from similar forms of brunneipennis, but the later are usually a darker glossy red-brown color. Questionable specimens must be identified by genitalic characters. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated by Lafontaine (1998)" 3/19/08 14:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6318-Habitat 6318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Most specimens have been found associated with dry sandy soils or arid clay badlands. 3/19/08 14:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6318-LifeCycle 6318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood with adults in late summer. Adults have been collected in Alberta from early August through mid-September. The larva was described by Crumb (1956:117) under the name “Rynchagrotis cupida, western larva”. Reported larval hosts include willow and cultivated apple, grape and peach trees, with larvae reportedly causing damage to buds and new growth on the fruit trees (Rings et al, 1992)." 3/19/08 14:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6318-TrophicStrategy 6318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported larval hosts include willow and cultivated apple, grape and peach trees." 3/19/08 14:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3023-ConservationStatus 3023 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3023-Distribution 3023 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is known from Alberta, British Columbia, and south to California (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3023-GeneralDescription 3023 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "LeConte's Ch. vulcanica name has priority over Chamberlin's Ch. canadensis name. The size alone distinguishes this beetle from all other Chrysobothris species in Alberta, ranging from 15 to 17 mm. The body is brownish black with a faint purplish reflection. The male examined is 15.5 mm and the female 16.0 mm. The type series for Ch. canadensis consisted of 2 males and 4 females." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3023-Habitat 3023 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montaine forests. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3023-LifeCycle 3023 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3023-TrophicStrategy 3023 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3024-ConservationStatus 3024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3024-Distribution 3024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species ranges from southern Alberta and British Columbia south through the western states to Arizona and Texas (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3024-GeneralDescription 3024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "These beetles were identified and labelled as Ch. vulcanica by Bright in 1982. I disagree with the determinations. The male from British Columbia differs in the structure of the pro-tibia. It is missing the notch seen in the male of vulcanica. The aedeagus is very different, almost twice as wide and shaped very differently. The pattern of costa and fovea differ from that seen in the specimen of vulcanica. The female from Alberta, matches with the elytral and pronotal pattern of costae, fovea and callosities with the BC male. The male examined is 14.1 mm and the female is 13.2 mm, both well below the length cited for beetles of Ch. vulcanica (15-17 mm). The male from Golden, matches the description of Ch .breviloba, the aedeagus a near perfect match. It is a little larger than the size range of 8.5 to 12 mm. The next best match would be with Ch. trinervia, but in this species the aedeagus is a different shape (body length of 10 to 13 mm)." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3024-Habitat 3024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montaine forests. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3024-LifeCycle 3024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3024-TrophicStrategy 3024 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In the USA, specimens have been reared from pines and Douglas fir (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2620-ConservationStatus 2620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2620-Cyclicity 2620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The singly yearly flight occurs between late June and early September, peaking in mid July." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2620-Distribution 2620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A species of the Great Plains, ranging from the southern Prairie Provinces and extreme western Ontario south to Texas and east to Illinois and Missouri (Opler 1999). A disjunct population occurs in the Columbia Valley region of southern BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2620-GeneralDescription 2620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is one of only two coppers in the province that have a predominantly grey upperside; the other large, grey copper is Edith's (L. editha), which differs in having more irregularly-shaped underside spots, giving it a splotchy appearance. It is not known if Edith's Copper still occurs in Alberta (see species account for L. editha)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2620-Habitat 2620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wetland edges, moist meadows and weedy, disturbed areas where dock (Rumex) grows." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2620-LifeCycle 2620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid on the leaf underside of the foodplant, and, the larva is green with a dark green or reddish dorsal stripe when mature (Opler & Krizek 1984). Males will chase other passing butterflies (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2620-TrophicStrategy 2620 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on docks (Rumex crispus, R. occidentalis) on the Canadian prairies (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults nectar at thistles (Cirsium spp.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and yellow sweet clover (Melilotis sp.) (Hooper 1973, Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3977-ConservationStatus 3977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3977-Cyclicity 3977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to early July peaking in mid June. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3977-Distribution 3977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "BC to Newfoundland, south to Fl and TX (McGuffin 1987)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3977-GeneralDescription 3977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A thin-winged and finely marked geometrid. Ground colour pale tan, with a fine, straight PM line (sometimes absent on hindwing) and a scalloped (sometimes absent) subterminal line. Tiny black discal spot sometimes present on both. Fore and hindwings are characterized by a well-defined pointed projection mid-way along the margin. Lambdina fiscellaria is similar, but lacks the scalloped subterminal line (often more clearly visible on the underside), and flies in the fall.\nVirtually identical to B. endropiaria in colour and pattern; according to Forbes (1948), endropiaria has translucent rather than opaque wings and lacks the discal spot. B. endropiariaB. quercivoraria are treated as the same species by McGuffin (1987) since there are no apparent morphological differences. In eastern North America there are however differences in broodedness, quercivoraria producing two annual broods and endropiaria one (Wagner et al. 2001).\n" 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3977-Habitat 3977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forests. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3977-LifeCycle 3977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are cryptic, and resemble twigs in colouration and texture. The pupa overwinters, and adults are nocturnal and come to light (Wagner et al. 2001). An uncommon moth in Alberta, usually only encountered in low numbers." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3977-TrophicStrategy 3977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Prentice (1963) reports the vast majority of larval collections in southern Canada from white birch (Betula papyrifera). 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3978-ConservationStatus 3978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common and widespread; not of concern. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3978-Cyclicity 3978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies from May to July, peaking in mid-June." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3978-Distribution 3978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs from coast to coast across Canada, from Fort Simpson NWT south to North Carolina and Chihuahua, MEX (McGuffin 1977)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3978-GeneralDescription 3978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large heavy-bodied geometrid. Wings light grey with black speckling and a well-defined black AM and PM line. Lycia ursaria has a less pointed forewing apex and lacks the black-on-white speckled appearance; Nacophora quernaria is similar, but has yellowish-ochre shading in the subterminal area which is absent in B. betularia. This species also occurs in the Palaearctic region, and North American populations are assigned to subspecies cognataria (Gn.) by some.\n\n" 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3978-Habitat 3978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Widespread in deciduous and mixedwood forests, parklands and shrublands." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3978-LifeCycle 3978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A detailed description of the immature stages is given by McGuffin (1977). The eggs are laid in bark crevices and old alder catkins, and hatch in about 12 days. Over 600 eggs may be laid by a single female over the course of several weeks. Larvae are twig mimics, and pupation occurs in the soil prior to the onset of winter (McGuffin 1977).\nThe increase in frequency of the melanic form of B. betularia in conjunction with industrial pollution in Great Britain is often cited as a classic example of direct evidence of natural selection; tree trunks blackened by air pollution favored the survival of the black form, which were supposedly less visible to birds than the typical pale form. Following air quality legislation, the frequency of the black form has again declined, both in Europe and the industrial northern Great Lakes region in North America (Grant & Wiseman 2002). \n" 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3978-TrophicStrategy 3978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a wide range of trees and shrubs (over 50 species reported), and were most often collected from willow (Salix spp.), white birch (Betula papyrifera), alder (Alnus spp.), larch (Larix laricina) poplars (Populus spp.), and Manitboa Maple (Acer negundo) by the Forest Insect and Disease Survey (Prentice 1963)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3979-ConservationStatus 3979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3979-Cyclicity 3979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta flies from late May to late July, peaking in mid to late June." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3979-Distribution 3979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A northern boreal species restricted to Alaska and Canada, south to central PQ, interior BC, and the Bow Valley in the AB Rocky Mountain foothills (McGuffin 1981)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3979-GeneralDescription 3979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is our smallest species of Cabera, and although variable, is duskier and darker than the other species. The ground colour is a dull beige, with variable amounts of dark chestnut-brown speckling. The PM line is usually distinct, and males have a broad, dark marginal band which is absent in females. Resembles some Scopula species more than other Cabera, but Scopula have irregular or wavy transverse lines and often have discal spots, which are absent in C. borealis.\nThe type locality of this species is given as ""near Calgary"" by McGuffin (1981).\n" 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3979-Habitat 3979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moist, open boreal forest and peat bogs." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3979-LifeCycle 3979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults fly on sunny afternoons in and near wet spruce bogs and moist open conifer woods; they are not known to come to light. The flight season coincides with the time the spruce bud scales are cast off (McGuffin 1981). The moth rests with its wings held upright, unlike other Cabera. Eggs are laid on the underside of host leaves and hatch in about two weeks. The pale-striped, yellow-green larva matures in about four weeks, and the pupa overwinters (McGuffin 1981)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3979-TrophicStrategy 3979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed primarily on willow (Salix spp.), rarely on Populus and Betula (Prentice 1963)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3980-ConservationStatus 3980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common and widespread species, no concerns." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3980-Cyclicity 3980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid May to mid July, peak flight in late June." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3980-Distribution 3980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Coastal BC east to Newfoundland and Labrador, from northern BC south to Georgia, North Carolina and Arizona (McGuffin 1981, Wagner et al. 2001)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3980-GeneralDescription 3980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A cream-coloured moth with fine, yellow-brown speckling and three (two on the hindwing) yellow-tan transverse lines. Slightly smaller than C. exanthemata, with a rather yellowish dusky grey speckling. Identification should be confirmed with genitalic structures, see McGuffin (1981)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3980-Habitat 3980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forest and parkland. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3980-LifeCycle 3980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This common geomtrid is often encountered during the day in the understory of deciduous or mixedwood forest, but also comes to lights at night. Adults rest with the wings flattened to side. The green larva rests along the midvein of the host leaves, and pupates in the fall. Eggs are laid singly on the host leaves, hatching in about one week (McGuffin 1981)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3980-TrophicStrategy 3980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larval food plants are willows (Salix spp.) (Prentice 1963), and on occasion poplars (Populus spp.) (McGuffin 1981)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3400-ConservationStatus 3400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3400-Cyclicity 3400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3400-Distribution 3400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Heming), Illinois (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3400-GeneralDescription 3400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies in length between 4 and 5mm and is blackish brown except for the wings, which are colourless. The head is elongate and is arched dorsally. The postocellar setae are smaller than the postocular setae and all setae on the head are pointed. Antennal segment 3 had 1 inner and 1 outer sense cone. The prothorax is transversely striate in places and the metanotum is transversely striate to slightly reticulate. The fore tarsi of females are armed with a small tooth at the inner apex, while the fore tarsi of males are unarmed. Males and females are macropterous and have 26 to 36 accessory fringe cilia per forewing. The wing holding setae are strongly developed, and the tube is long, hairy and bowed. Males have a shorter tube than the females, with 4 or more warts mid-dorsally positioned on the tube (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3400-Habitat 3400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In galls on Salix sp. and Solidago canadensis (Chiasson, 1986), dead branches." 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3400-LifeCycle 3400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3400-TrophicStrategy 3400 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feeds on fungal spores (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3430-ConservationStatus 3430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Very common in Alberta (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3430-Cyclicity 3430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3430-Distribution 3430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, B.C., Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3430-GeneralDescription 3430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies from 1.7 to 2.2mm in length and is blackish brown. Thorax, tarsi, and abdominal segment 10 are a lighter blackish brown. The head is longer than wide, the prothorax bears two pairs of posteroangular setae, and is so weakly striated that it appears smooth. Antennal segments 1, 2, and 6 to 8 are dark brown, while segments 3 to 5 are yellow and the apical half of segment 5 is brown. Males and females are macropterous. Forewings are brown, with white at the wing base. Males have glandular areas on each of sternites 3 to 8. The glandular areas diminish in size from the largest on sternite 3 (Stannard, 1968)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3430-Habitat 3430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "White beech, poplar, sphagnum, leaves of herbaceous plants (Chiasson, 1986), Liliaceae (Heming)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3430-LifeCycle 3430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3430-TrophicStrategy 3430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3464-ConservationStatus 3464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3464-Cyclicity 3464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3464-Distribution 3464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Heming), Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia (Chiasson, 1986), Russia, France, Germany, England, Holland, Rumania, Sweden, Denmark, Finland (Jacot-Guillarmod, 1974)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3464-GeneralDescription 3464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The base of the sense cone on antennal segment 6 is greatly enlarged. The distal fore tarsal segment has 1 or 2 hooks on the inner margin. The fore tibiae also have 2 stout claws at the apex of the tibia and on females, tergites 2 to 8 are sculptured between the median setae and laterally (Pitkin, 1972)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3464-Habitat 3464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Vicia cracca, peony (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3464-LifeCycle 3464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3464-TrophicStrategy 3464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3465-ConservationStatus 3465 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3465-Cyclicity 3465 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June and July. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3465-Distribution 3465 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia, B.C. (Chiasson, 1986), Europe (Pitkin, 1972)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3465-GeneralDescription 3465 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies from 1.3 to 1.8mm in length, and is dark brown. Antennal segments 3 and 4, fore tibiae, and all tarsi are yellowish brown. Fore wings are brown, with a whitish sub-basal band. The head is wider than long and interocellar setae are well developed and long. Antennal segment 6 has a broad base, and is barely pedicellate. The sense cone on antennal segment 6 has an enlarged base. The mouth cone is long and pointed (Stannard, 1968). The apex of each foretibia has a stout claw, and abdominal tergites 2 to 7 are weakly striate lateral to the median setae (Pitkin, 1972)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3465-Habitat 3465 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lotus, Anthyllis, Ononis, and on various herbs and trees." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3465-LifeCycle 3465 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Introduced from Europe (Stannard, 1968)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3465-TrophicStrategy 3465 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2613-ConservationStatus 2613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The Western Spring Azure is restricted to a small geographic area in Alberta. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2613-Cyclicity 2613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood, emerging in May to early June." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2613-Distribution 2613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern BC and extreme southwestern Alberta south to Baja California (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001, Pratt et al. 1994)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2613-GeneralDescription 2613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Western Spring Azure lacks any trace of orange markings on the underside, and has a white-grey underside with black median and marginal dots. Very similar to the Boreal Spring Azure (C. ladon lucia), but in Alberta these two occur together only in the Castle River - Waterton Lakes region. The underside ground colour of nigrescens is lighter than lucia, and the upperside of males is violet-blue, not pale powder-blue as in lucia. Individuals of both species occasionally occur that have coalescent hindwing spots, resulting in a large blotch rather than a number of dots.\nThe taxonomy of this group of species has been very confusing, and research is still ongoing to define the number of species and the appropriate names for this genus in North America; nigrescens and lucia do not intergrade but remain distinct where they occur together in BC and Alberta (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001, Schmidt unpubl. data), evidence that they are separate species rather than geographic forms of the same species.\n" 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2613-Habitat 2613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, found only in montane meadows in the Castle River - Waterton region." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2613-LifeCycle 2613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No data available for Alberta. On the west coast of BC, the eggs are white, and shaped like a slightly flattened sphere; mature larvae come in a variety of colours: green, purplish (Guppy & Shepard 2001) or white to pale pink with a transverse bar on the first abdominal segment (Ballmer & Pratt 1989). Tatum (2002) provides excellent photographs of pale yellow and wine-colored larvae and a mottled-brown pupa from Vancouver Island.\nScott (1992) noted that although larvae can feed on a wide variety of flowers, females lay eggs on only a particular stage of the flower bud, and then only on species with a clustered flower structure, likely to ensure the larva has enough food to fully develop without having to relocate." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2613-TrophicStrategy 2613 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. In BC, larvae feed on the flowers and developing seeds of ocean spray (Holodiscus discolor), Ceanothus (Ceanothus sp.) and hardhack (Spiraea douglasii) (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Of these, only Ceanothus velutinus occurs in Alberta (Moss 1992)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2614-ConservationStatus 2614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of special concern; further field work is needed to map the extent of Alberta populations. 1/29/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2614-Cyclicity 2614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity One yearly brood; flies from late June to early July in Saskatchewan (CBIF 2002). 1/29/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2614-Distribution 2614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "East-central Alberta east to southern Ontario and New Brunswick (Layberry et al. 1998), south to Florida and Texas (Opler 1999). Known from only two localities in Alberta, from Buffalo Lake where it was found by Gerrie Hilchie, and near Dinosaur Provincial Park (Beck et al. 2002)." 1/29/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2614-GeneralDescription 2614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Once thought to be the second brood of the Boreal Spring Azure (C. lucia), the Summer Azure flies later in the year, is slightly larger, and has a paler upperside. The underside lacks the extensive black-brown markings of lucia, and is paler overall.\nSubspecies argentata occurs in southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, and our populations may belong to this taxon as well." 1/29/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2614-Habitat 2614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Unknown in Alberta; likely near prairie and parkland shrub thickets. 1/29/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2614-LifeCycle 2614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle No data is available for Alberta; the immature stages are similar to the Boreal Spring Azure (Layberry et al. 1998). 1/29/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2614-TrophicStrategy 2614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No data on larval or adult food sources are available for western Canada; Layberry et al. (1998) report late-blooming flowers such as dogwoods (Cornus spp.), meadowsweet (Spiraea spp.) and viburnums (Viburnum spp.) as larval hosts." 1/29/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2800-ConservationStatus 2800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2800-Cyclicity 2800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity One brood per year flying in June and July depending on snowpack and elevation. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2800-Distribution 2800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Pacific Fritillary is aptly named, as the core of its range is within the Pacific Northwest. It occurs from the southern Yukon (single record from Haines Junction) south to central Idaho and California (Layberry et al. l998, Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2800-GeneralDescription 2800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The wing upperside is typical of the genus, with rows of black spots on a rust-orange background. The hindwing underside lacks prominent pale markings. Distinguished from B. bellona, which is most similar in appearance, by the evenly-rounded forewing edge, which is angular in bellona giving a squared-off appearance.\nIt is unclear which subspecies name best applies to Alberta populations. Layberry et al. (1998) and Bird et al. (1995) assign the name uslui, while Guppy & Shepard (2001) apply the name chermocki; Pyle (2002) reports uslui falls within the variation range of chermocki, so perhaps the use of the name chermocki is most appropriate.\n" 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2800-Habitat 2800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, found in moist mountain meadows and forest openings." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2800-LifeCycle 2800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are predominantly grey, with two reddish sublateral lines and spines; they overwinter in the third or fourth instar (Scott 1986). Although the recorded flight dates range from June to September, the Pacific Fritillary flies for only two- to three weeks in any given locality (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2800-TrophicStrategy 2800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host plants are not known in Alberta, although they are most likely violets, as Viola glabella and V. sempervirens are used in Washington (Pyle 2002)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2809-ConservationStatus 2809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The Peace River population is endemic and distinct from mountain populations. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2809-Cyclicity 2809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peak activity between late June and late July." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2809-Distribution 2809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Central BC and southern Alberta south to Colorado and California (Scott 1986). There is a disjunct population in the Peace River grasslands of Alberta / BC (Layberry et al. 1998). 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2809-GeneralDescription 2809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside exhibits the typical checkerspot pattern of orange and brown-black, with a checkered orange-red and cream underside. Superficially similar to the Euphydryas checkerspots, but distinguished by the absence of cream-white spots on the upperside. More difficult to separate from the Rockslide Checkerspot (C. damoetas), which has a slightly duller, dingier look to it, with fewer dark markings on the forewing top. Damoetas is found only above treeline in rockslides and boulder fields, Northern Checkerspots rarely wander up this high. D. Macaulay image
\nIt is not clear which subspecies name best applies to Alberta populations (Bird et al. 1995). The Peace River population represents an undescribed subspecies." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2809-Habitat 2809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mountain meadows and Peace River grasslands. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2809-LifeCycle 2809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No data available for western Canada. The pale green eggs are laid in clusters on the hostplant. Larvae are white-spotted and black, with dorsal and lateral orange dashes and black spines. Partially grown larvae overwinter (Scott 1986)" 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2809-TrophicStrategy 2809 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larval hosts are unknown in Alberta. In BC, larvae feed asters (Guppy & Shepard 2001) and other composites are used in the US (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2810-ConservationStatus 2810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Ranked Sensitive in Alberta. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2810-Cyclicity 2810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One (occasionally two) flights per year, peaking in June and early September." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2810-Distribution 2810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta east to southern Ontario, south to Texas and Georgia (Scott 1986). A Disjunct population occurs in the Peace River grasslands (Bird et al. 1995)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2810-GeneralDescription 2810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The black and orange spots and bands of the wing upperside are more reminiscent of crescents (Phyciodes) than other checkerspots. The hindwing underside is unique among other Alberta checkerspots and crescents, consisting of a brown-grey ground colour with a median band composed of whitish arrow-shaped crescents.
\nD. Macaulay image
\nSubspecies carlota is credited to our fauna." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2810-Habitat 2810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Parkland meadows and prairie grasslands. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2810-LifeCycle 2810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life history in western Canada remains unknown. There are three larval colour forms in Colorado, varying from orange and white to yellow with black, or predominantly black (Scott 1986). The branched spines are always black. Eggs are laid in clusters on the underside of the hostplant leaves (Scott 1986). Larvae hibernate in early instars although some individuals from the first brood may continue development to form the second brood (Layberry et al. 1998). \nThis species is very localized in Alberta, but can be common within colonies. Numbers can fluctuate dramatically from year to year (Pyle 2002).\n" 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2810-TrophicStrategy 2810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplant is not known in western Canada, but is most likely one or more species of sunflower (Helianthus spp.) or aster (Aster spp.) (Layberry et al. 1998)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2908-ConservationStatus 2908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. More should be learned about this species. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2908-Cyclicity 2908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2908-Distribution 2908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from Fennoscandia and in Canada from the Northwest Territories, Quebec, Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia (Markku Savela, www.funet.fi/). Reported from Quebec and Labrador (Handfield 1997). In Alberta, reported from the Red Deer, Edmonton and Nordegg areas by Bowman (1951)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2908-GeneralDescription 2908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A larger crambid (28 mm wingspan). Forewing dark reddish-brown, basal half of forewing darker than area between the median and subterminal areas, subterminal area cinnamon brown, 3-5 dark dots in the terminal line. Hind wing dark smoky." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2908-Habitat 2908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This appears to be a bog species. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2908-LifeCycle 2908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2908-TrophicStrategy 2908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No local information. The larvae may feed on Sphagnum (Markku Savela, www.funet.fi/)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2910-ConservationStatus 2910 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Ssp. saxea is not of concern. Ssp. alleni is a rare and local species in the province. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2910-Cyclicity 2910 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults occur most commonly in June. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2910-Distribution 2910 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alleni ranges from eastern Alberta to New York and Nova Scotia. The western populations occur from southern BC and southwest Alberta south through California and Colorado (Richards 1939, Forbes 1954)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2910-GeneralDescription 2910 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewing mottled light and dark brown, with the basal area, antemedian band, orbicular patch and wing margin paler. Hindwing creamy-ochre to orange with a black margin and postmedian band, the latter joined to a black discal crescent. Similar to D. hudsonica, but the forewing ground colour is brown not grey, and the hindwing tends to be more orange rather than pale cream. \nSubspecies saxea inhabits montane habitats from the Crowsnest region south- and westward, subspecies alleni is eastern in distribution, ranging as far west as the Athabasca sand dunes and Lloydminster area. Differences in the appearance and ecology (see below) between alleni and saxea, and the large range disjunction, are highly suggestive of two separate species involved under the nominal taxon adumbrata." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2910-Habitat 2910 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry montane woodlands and sandy, open woods in the southern boreal and parkland region." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2910-LifeCycle 2910 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A rapid-flying, day active species that is usually rare or uncommon. Subspecies saxea also comes to light regularly in southern BC (unpubl. data), compared to subspecies alleni which is very rarely attracted to light (Handfield 1999).\nD. a. saxea has a slower flight and is easier to approach than the extremely wary alleni; flushed individuals often fly a short distance before alighting on the ground, where the mottled forewings (which hide the bright hindwings) afford excellent camouflage." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2910-TrophicStrategy 2910 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on Lowbush Blueberry ( Vaccinium angustifolium) in Quebec (Handfield 1999). Although V. angustifolium does not occur in Alberta, other Vaccinium species are likely used. A population at Dilberry Lake Provincial Park in east-central Alberta is associated with Bearberry (Arctostaphylus uva-ursi)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4032-ConservationStatus 4032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4032-Cyclicity 4032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta it is on the wing in spring, from late April through early June." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4032-Distribution 4032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island, and south to the Gulf of Mexico. In Alberta it has been collected in the aspen parklands, the southern boreal forest (north to Lac la Biche), and in the foothills and at lower elevations in the mountains." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4032-GeneralDescription 4032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized moth (4.0-4.5 cm wingspan). It occurs in two very different appearing forms, with the dark form by far the less common of the two. The more common ""normal"" form has pink-white patches at the base, midpoint along the costa and at the apex, and a coppery brown spot at the anal angle. The hindwings are brown with an indistinct discal mark. The less common form (pennsylvanica) is much darker, blackish near the wing base, and entirely lacks the pink-white patches. The outline of the apical patch is visible, as is the coppery-brown spot at the anal angle. The most prominent marking is the short black line on the lower edge of the apical patch. Antennae are filiform and the sexes are similar. The normal form is unlikely to be mistaken for any other Alberta moth." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4032-Habitat 4032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature mesic mixedwood and deciduous woodland with dogwood understory. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4032-LifeCycle 4032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This is one of the first moths to emerge in the spring. The adults are attracted to light. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4032-TrophicStrategy 4032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae use various dogwoods (Cornus sp.) as hosts. Jones (1951) also lists Rubus sp. (blackberry and raspberry) as hosts of pudens, but this is unlikely and should be verified." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3871-ConservationStatus 3871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rare and local species in Alberta, at the northern extremity of its range." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3871-Cyclicity 3871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta specimens have been collected in late May. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3871-Distribution 3871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern USA, north to New Jersey, the southern Prairie Provinces and Vancouver Island. In Alberta, it has been collected north to the South Saskatchewan River valley south of Empress." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3871-GeneralDescription 3871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) grey, black and white moth with black and white hindwings. Sexes dimorphic. Females have gray forewings, with fine dark streaks along and between the veins, and with a short darker apical streak. The reniform is marked by a few black and brown scales. Fringe grey. Hindwings bright white with grey on the veins, and with a wide dark grey marginal band interrupted by two large, white marginal spots. Fringe white. Male with basal and median area very light grey, contrasting strongly with the black below and with the black postmedian line, which has a large ""tooth"" pointing basad. A dark apical streak as in the female, but the reniform more strongly marked by several short, dark wavy streaks. Hindwing as in female, but the dark band slightly less extensive. Antennae in both sexes filiform. Similar species include Drasteria pallescens (forewing with wide band and brown colors) and Bullia deducta (hindwing with a single white marginal spot, containing a large black spot and yellow lunule). Melipotis belongs to the family Noctuidae, subfamily Catocalinae." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3871-Habitat 3871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded riparian shrub in the arid grasslands region. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3871-LifeCycle 3871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single brood each year, with adults flying in late spring. Adults are nocturnal and come to light." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3871-TrophicStrategy 3871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere willow (Salix), catclaw (Acacia) and oak (Quercus) (Prentice, 1962; Ferguson, 1975; Crumb, 1956.)" 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3872-ConservationStatus 3872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but very widespread species; no concerns. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3872-Cyclicity 3872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in Alberta from late March through early October, with a gap in July. Adults hibernate." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3872-Distribution 3872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic; in North America from NFLD to Vancouver Island, south to northern Mexico. Throughout the wooded areas of Alberta." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3872-GeneralDescription 3872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Unmistakable. A medium-size (3.8-4.3 cm wingspan) orange-brown moth with falcate and strongly scalloped forewings. The forewing is crossed by a faint antemedian and prominent, slightly curved, doubled pale postmedian line. A broad brighter orange basal streak expands into the median area. The hindwings are dull orange-brown. Antennae of males are bipectinate. Scoliopteryx belongs to the Noctuid subfamily Catocalinae." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3872-Habitat 3872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded areas. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3872-LifeCycle 3872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Herald emerges from the pupae in late summer or early fall, then hibernates. Hibernating adults may be found in barns and other buildings, and numbers have been found in limestone caves in Manitoba. The adults re-appear in spring and lay eggs. The larvae, which are solitary defoliators on willow and poplars, are bright green with a yellow dorsal stripe. The larvae pupate in summer, in a slight cocoon between leaves of the host-plant. Adults are nocturnal and come to both light and sugar bait. The larva is illustrated in Ives and Wong (1988) as well as with adults on a number of websites" 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3872-TrophicStrategy 3872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Mainly willow of many species (Salix spp.), also poplar (Populus sp.) (Prentice, 1962)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3873-ConservationStatus 3873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rare stray (?) from the east; no known resident population. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3873-Cyclicity 3873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No Alberta data; in Saskatchewan it has been collected in early July. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3873-Distribution 3873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An eastern species, occuring west to at least central southern Saskatchewan. Bowman (1951) lists it for Alberta, apparently on the basis of it being listed for ""Alta"" by McDunnough." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3873-GeneralDescription 3873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-4.0 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth with almost unmarked yellow-brown or pinkish-brown wings. The basal half of the pointed forewings are slightly darker than the terminal half, and are crossed by faint diffuse darker basal, antemedian and median bands A narrow dark line runs from beyond the middle of the lower margin straight to the apex. The only other markings are faint darker scaling along most of the veins. Normal spots obsolete or nearly so. The hind wings are dull brown. Male antennae bipectinate." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3873-Habitat 3873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic meadows, edges and clearings." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3873-LifeCycle 3873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults come to light. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3873-TrophicStrategy 3873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Meadow rue (Thalictrum sp.) (Forbes, 1954)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3467-ConservationStatus 3467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3467-Cyclicity 3467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June and July. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3467-Distribution 3467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3467-GeneralDescription 3467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3467-Habitat 3467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Spruce and Pinus contorta (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3467-LifeCycle 3467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3467-TrophicStrategy 3467 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3456-ConservationStatus 3456 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3456-Cyclicity 3456 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June and August. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3456-Distribution 3456 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Manitoba, Saskatchewan, (Chiasson, 1986), Alberta, Europe (Heming)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3456-GeneralDescription 3456 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Neither antennal segments 2 or 3 are produced at the outer apex. Antennal segment 3 has a simple sense cone (Stannard, 1968)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3456-Habitat 3456 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Bromus inermis and flixweed (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3456-LifeCycle 3456 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3456-TrophicStrategy 3456 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3499-ConservationStatus 3499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3499-Cyclicity 3499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in August. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3499-Distribution 3499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3499-GeneralDescription 3499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Antennal segment 3 is yellowish white with a brown ring at the tip. Forewings each have a complete cross band that lies in the second fourth of the wing, and a partial cross band farther along the wing. The longitudinal band on the forewing is only on the posterior margin of the wing, and does not extend to the tip (Bailey, 1951).\n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3499-Habitat 3499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Artemesia cana (Chiasson, 1986), wild flowers, and in grasses (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3499-LifeCycle 3499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3499-TrophicStrategy 3499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is predaceous (Chiasson, 1986), but prey species are undocumented." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3500-ConservationStatus 3500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3500-Cyclicity 3500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in May through August. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3500-Distribution 3500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, California (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3500-GeneralDescription 3500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is unicolorous, with red subintegumental pigment. Antennal segment 3 is yellow with a brown ring at the apex of the segment (Stannard, 1968), and antennal segment 6 is twice as long as segment 7 (Bailey, 1951). Wings are narrow and have a distinct hump in the center of the fore-margin (Bailey, 1951). Forewings have 2 separate, and complete, dark cross bands. Abdominal segment 1 is not strongly cross-striated (Stannard, 1968). \n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3500-Habitat 3500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Guillardia aristata, Epilobium angustifolium, white spruce, Wild rye grass." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3500-LifeCycle 3500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3500-TrophicStrategy 3500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is predaceous (Chiasson, 1986), but prey species are undocumented." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2801-ConservationStatus 2801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2801-Cyclicity 2801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly brood, flying from late June to early September; most common in July." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2801-Distribution 2801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Due to differing taxonomic interpretations in this group, the distribution of chariclea is not completely clear; more than one species is likely involved, and representatives of this group are found in Siberia, arctic North America, Greenland and as far south as New Mexico in the Rockies (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2801-GeneralDescription 2801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This fritillary is best diagnosed by the predominantly purple-brown hindwing underside, variegated with paler, angular markings. B. freija is similar, but chariclea is larger and lacks the complete medain row of whitish, arrowhead-shaped marks on the ventral hindwing. Freija also flies much earlier, and the flight period doesn't often overlap." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2801-Habitat 2801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clearings, meadows and open wooded areas near coniferous forest." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2801-LifeCycle 2801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The early stages are incompletely known. The whitish eggs are laid on the leaf undersides of various plants (Scott 1986), and hatch in about 14 days (Bird et al. 1995). First instar larvae hibernate without feeding (Bird et al. 1995). Reports that larvaer overwinter twice in Alberta, taking two years to mature (Scott 1986) require confirmation. The larva is grey with black lateral and dorsal stripes and orange spines (Bird et al. 1995). Females have red, eversible abdominal glands that function during courtship (Scott 1986).\nThe isolated records from the prairies of Saskatchewan (Hooper 1973, Layberry et al. 1998) may represent populations feeding on local colonies of bearberry (Arctostaphylus uva-ursi). It is likely that host plant choice depends on habitat and host availability; hosts other than willlows are almost certainly used in Alberta, since the Forest Insect and Disease Survey did not report chariclea from the thousands of larval collections from willows (McGugan 1958)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2801-TrophicStrategy 2801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Confirmed larval hosts in Alberta include willow (Salix sp.) (Scott 1986). Willows are also used in Manitoba and Alaska, in addition to bistort (Polygonum sp.) in Washington and violets (Viola spp.) in Ontario (Scott 1986). Females oviposit on Vaccinium in Ontario, northern Quebec and Colorado (Scot 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2802-ConservationStatus 2802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2802-Cyclicity 2802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two flights each season, peaking mid May to mid June and late July to early August." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2802-Distribution 2802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Yukon to southerm Montana and northen Washington, east tot the Atlantic coast. Isolated populations occur in the southern Rocky Mountain states (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2802-GeneralDescription 2802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside is bright orange with multiple rows of black spots, and the hindwing underside is purple-brown, lacking prominent pale markings. The spring brood has a slightly darker upperside. Most similar to B. epithore and B. frigga, it can be separated by the shape of the forewing outer margin: it is slighlty angled out, giving a squared-off look. The forewing is evenly rouned in epithore and frigga. \nSubspecies jenistorum (=jenistae), described from Rivercourse, Alberta (Kondla 1996), occurs throughout the province.\n" 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2802-Habitat 2802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodlands and meadows, particularly in the parkland and foothills region." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2802-LifeCycle 2802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The white eggs are laid near, but not often on, the larval hostplants (Scott 1986), and hatch in about 11 days (Bird et al. 1995). Mature larvae look much like those of B. selene, but have a purplish cast to them (Scott 1986, Guppy & Shepard 2001). The third or fourth instar larvae (of the second brood) overwinter (Scott 1986).\nThis is our most common and widespread Boloria, and can be found in mesic habitats as well as dry prairie and pastures." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2802-TrophicStrategy 2802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are variously reported to feed on violets (Viola spp.), but there are no confirmed records for Alberta. In BC it is asociated with Viola canadensis (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2895-ConservationStatus 2895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2895-Cyclicity 2895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species has been collected in May to September. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2895-Distribution 2895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species rages across the northern United States, and most of Canada. In Alberta this species is known from the central third, and the extreme north-east corner of the province." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2895-GeneralDescription 2895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the inaequale group (subgenus Bracteon). Similar to B. inaequale in color though usually with more sombre ground color (sometimes green); smooth parts of elytra purple or cupreous, as a rule; prothorax sometimes with darker disc; femora more or less reddish at base but tibiae hardly paler. Prothorax broader than in B. inaequale. It is best distinguished from this species on the sculpture of elytra; these are strongly transversely depressed behind the base and only intervals (2-) 3-5 are shiny in front of the depression; the mirror of the 7th (-8th) interval behind middle is never isolated but broadly connected with the similarly sculptured inner intervals. Length 5.4 to 6.3 mm." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2895-Habitat 2895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "As in B. inaequale, but more regular at standing water, often less dependent on clay." 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2895-TrophicStrategy 2895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 4/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2836-ConservationStatus 2836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon to rare, with a restricted range and requiring relatively large tracts of habitat." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2836-Cyclicity 2836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight per year, peaking in mid June to late July, slightly later in the foothills." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2836-Distribution 2836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Restricted to the Great Plains, occuring from southern Alberta and Saskatchewan south to New Mexico (Scott 1986). May be extirpated in Manitoba, with the last records from 1934 (Layberry et al. 1998)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2836-GeneralDescription 2836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is one of the larger fritillaries, and one of four species that usually have a greenish underside (egleis, mormonia and callippe are the others). Edwardsii is much larger than mormonia, with a pointier forewing, and is darker brown-green below with smaller upperside black marks compared to callippe. It is slightly larger with a lighter upperside compared to egleis." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2836-Habitat 2836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Foothills and prairie grasslands. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2836-LifeCycle 2836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No life history information is available from Alberta. The eggs are yellow-green when laid, turning tan-coloured. Laid singly on or near the host plant. Larvae hatch and overwinter, with feeding beginning the following spring. Mature larvae are spiny and dark yellow dorsally with a black dorsal line and greyish sides (Scott 1986).\nEdwards' Fritillary apparently needs large tracts of native grassland, as it has disappeared from Manitoba altogether, and is absent from apparently suitable grasslands of smaller size in Saskatchewan (Layberry et al. 1998)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2836-TrophicStrategy 2836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hosts are unknown in Alberta; recorded on Viola nuttalli elsewhere (Layberry et al. 1998). 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2777-ConservationStatus 2777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species at the western edge of its range in Alberta. No concerns." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2777-Cyclicity 2777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early June through July. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2777-Distribution 2777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout the forested eastern half of North America, west across the wooded parts of southern Canada to extreme eastern British Columbia. In Alberta it has been collected throughout the Boreal forest region, from the Edmonton area north to Lake Athabasca and Zama." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2777-GeneralDescription 2777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.5-3.5 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth with the forewing apex drawn out into prominent a curved hook. The color varies from almost all-yellow forms to two-toned dull pink-brown forms, and the forewings and hindwings are the same color. The yellow form usually has a broad pinkish outer margin and the basal half crossed by fine lines of the same color. The hindwings are yellow, with the basal half marked with pink lines as in the forewings. The darker form is pinkish brown, with both fore and hindwings crossed by a narrow dark median line, which bends sharply inward to the costa just below the apex. Many specimens are intermediate; dark pink brown with a yellow band across the outer half of the wings. Sexes are alike. The only other large Alberta moths with hooked forewing tips are the two related hooktip moths, Drepana arcuata and D. bilineata, both of which have light brown or tan forewings and pale hindwings.\nThe Rose Hooktip is one of only four species in Alberta belonging to the family Drepanidae. They are related to the much larger family Geometridae, from which they be distinguished by the prominent recurved hook on the forewing apex." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2777-Habitat 2777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic mature deciduous woodland. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2777-LifeCycle 2777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2777-TrophicStrategy 2777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae are reported to feed on birches (Betula) and Ciborium sp. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2856-ConservationStatus 2856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2856-Cyclicity 2856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, peaking in late June to mid July." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2856-Distribution 2856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Labrador, south to the central Rockies of Alberta, with isolated populations in the Rocky Mountain States and Maine (Scott 1986)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2856-GeneralDescription 2856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside is an even, unmarked grey-brown. The underside is striated black and grey-white, with a well-defined median band and white hindwing vein markings. The banded underside pattern is vaguely visible on the upperside through the thinly scaled veins. O. polixenes has a similarly banded underside, but lacks the white veins. \nSubspecies edwardsi is found in Alberta. The appropriate name for this species may be taygete (named from eastern North America) rather than bore (named from Europe), based on differnences in genitalic structure and larval colour (Tuzov 2000, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2856-Habitat 2856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist alpine meadows. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2856-LifeCycle 2856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown in Alberta. Biennial at Churchill, MB and in Europe. The eggs are laid on dead grass blades. Manitoba larvae are brown with paler and darker longitudinal lines, and overwinter when young and again as fourth or fifth instars. Flies only in alternate years in some localities (Scott 1986), but present every year in Alberta." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2856-TrophicStrategy 2856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are unknown in Alberta. Carex misandra and likely Festuca species are used at Churchill, MB. Adults occasionally visit flowers (Scott 1986)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3874-ConservationStatus 3874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread western species, barely reaching Alberta in the mountains in the southwest corner." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3874-Cyclicity 3874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Euxoa terrenus has been collected in Alberta in July and early August. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3874-Distribution 3874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A moth of the mountains, found from southwestern Alberta and BC south to northern Utah, Nevada and California. In Alberta they have been collected from Banff -Bragg Creek area and Nordegg south in open coniferous forest at low to medium elevations." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3874-GeneralDescription 3874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) dark grey-brown moth, with normal lines and spots all present, but not contrasting strongly against the brown background. The transverse lines are doubled and filled with slightly paler brown scales. The orbicular is round, and both it and the reniform are thinly outlined with dark scales and filled with lighter brown. The hindwings are smoky-brown, paler toward the base in males, with the veins lightly marked with brown scales and a light brown fringe. May be confused with E. comosa, which has different genitalia. Euxoa terrenus can be identified by the following genitalic characters: sacculus triangular with prominent angle on dorsal margin (in most species the dorsal margin is irregular and lobed, or sinnuate, anterior to this angle and straight posterior to it); saccular extensions stout and bladelike; harpe c-shaped and densely pubescent; saccus constricted mesially and extended anteriorly; aedoeagus bilobed. \nEuxoa terrenus is a member of the large subgenus Euxoa, characterized by the shape of the male vesica, which is 1-2 times the length of the aedoeagus, bends above the apex of the aedoeagus to project dorsally or to the right, and lacks a prominent twist, coil or loop subbasally. The valves are all bilaterally symmetrical except for the lengths of the saccular extensions. Keys to the subgenera and species and illustrations of the genitalia are available in Lafontaine 1987." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3874-Habitat 3874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry coniferous forest. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3874-LifeCycle 3874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae and other immature stages are unknown. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3874-TrophicStrategy 3874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "There are no host data specifically for terrenus, but Euxoa are mostly generalist cutworms on herbs (variety of low, broad-leaved plants)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3712-ConservationStatus 3712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local and rare at the northern edge of their range in Alberta; no reasons for concern. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3712-Cyclicity 3712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid August through early September. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3712-Distribution 3712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern North Dakota and southwestern Saskatchewan west to the southern interior of British Columbia, south to southern California, Arizona and New Mexico. In Alberta they have been collected along the Milk, Oldman South Saskatchewan River valleys." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3712-GeneralDescription 3712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.4-3.5 cm wingspan) with dull black-brown\nforewings with a sharply contrasting buff stripe along the leading edge, and white hindwings. The reniform, antemedian, postmedian and subterminal lines are faintly indicated with pale scales in most specimens, and the veins on the hindwingss are lightly lined with brown scales, more extensively in some females. This boldly marked moth is unlikely to be mistaken for any other Alberta species\n" 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3712-Habitat 3712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Shrubby and treed areas along rivers valleys in the arid shortgrass prairie region. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3712-LifeCycle 3712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle There is a single annual brood. The adults come to both light and sugar bait. The immature stages are unknown. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3712-TrophicStrategy 3712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Related species feed on woody shrubs. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3887-ConservationStatus 3887 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3887-Cyclicity 3887 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies from late June into August, peaking in mid July." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3887-Distribution 3887 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern ON to southern BC, south to CO (McGuffin 1972). Occurs north in Alberta to the Peace River region." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3887-GeneralDescription 3887 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The ground colour varies from tan-yellow to dull tan. There are always three, sometimes four, evenly spaced brown dashes along the forewing costa, and a well-developed brown PM band which extends from the anal margin at least midway to the costa. Some specimens have traces of an AM and median band. The hindwing is a shade lighter, and usually has a brown median band, often also a faint AM and PM band. Sexually dimorphic, with females smaller-winged, perhaps tending towards the flightless condition as in some other Itame species.\nSimilar to I. sulphurea and I. ribearia, but the forewing fringe is brown from the apex to about the midway point, giving the forewing a notched appearance. I. ribearia has the fringe entirely yellow, while in sulphurea the fringe is entirely brown. Hesperumia sulphuraria (southern mountains only) does not have the series of notch-shaped marks along the costa as does Itame. There are also genitalic differences, illustrated by Forbes (1948) and McGuffin (1972). \nSome specimens of this species were initially reported in error as I. flavicaria by Bowman (1951). I. flavicaria does not occur in Canada (McGuffin 1972).\n" 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3887-Habitat 3887 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded and shrubby areas throughout much of Alberta. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3887-LifeCycle 3887 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Males are attracted to light, but it is not clear if females are as well, since they have smaller wings and may have reduced flight capabilities. McGuffin (1956, 1972) describes the immature stages." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3887-TrophicStrategy 3887 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae have been reared from shrubs in the rose family including Saskatoon (Amelanchier), Shrubby Cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), and currant (Ribes); also recorded from bog birch (Betula glandulosa), Bearberry (Arctostaphylus), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesAlnus sp., Juniperinus sp., Jack pine, Scotch pine, and other conifers (Chiasson 1986)" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3501-LifeCycle 3501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3501-TrophicStrategy 3501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A. oregonus is suspected to prey on aphids (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3502-ConservationStatus 3502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3502-Cyclicity 3502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in July. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3502-Distribution 3502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Heming), California (Bailey 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3502-GeneralDescription 3502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is unicolorous, and brown. The dorsum of the head is faintly cross-striated, and the eyes are prolonged ventrally. Antennal segment 2 is brown, segment 3 is pale yellow with a brown ring at the tip, and the basal third of segment 4 is light brown with a dark ring at the base. This species is brachypterous and the forewings have a smoky, or light brown cross band near the tip (Bailey, 1951). \n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3502-Habitat 3502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On various grasses (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3502-LifeCycle 3502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3502-TrophicStrategy 3502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3503-ConservationStatus 3503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3503-Cyclicity 3503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3503-Distribution 3503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Heming), Austria, France, Moravia, New Jersey (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3503-GeneralDescription 3503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The head is prolonged in front of the eyes, and antennal segments 3 and 4 are white. All tarsi, and the distal portion of all the tibiae are white. Forewings have two cross bands connected by a longitudinal band in the posterior margin of the wing (Bailey, 1951). \n" 7/17/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3503-Habitat 3503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Oak, beech, birch, as well as various conifer species (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3503-LifeCycle 3503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is rare in North America, it is more common in Europe, and has been found in Austria, France and Moravia (Bailey, 1951).\n" 7/17/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3503-TrophicStrategy 3503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3504-ConservationStatus 3504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3504-Cyclicity 3504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult collected in July. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3504-Distribution 3504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, New Mexico, Utah (Chiasson, 1986), Florida, Illinois, New Jersey, North Carolina, Tennessee (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3504-GeneralDescription 3504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is unicolorous, and about 2mm in length. The head is closely and distinctly striated transverseley. Antennal segment 3 and the basal portion of segment 4 are yellow, and segment 3 has a brown ring around the apex. Antennal segments 5 to 9 are brown (Stannard, 1968). Sensoria on antennal segment 5 are linear (Bailey, 1951). Forewings have a dark longitudinal band in the posterior margin of the wing, which runs from the base of the wing to the tip (Stannard, 1968). \n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3504-Habitat 3504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3504-LifeCycle 3504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is sexually dimorphic, as females lack a cross band on the forewings that is present in the males (Bailey, 1951). Male and female antennae also differ in length (Bailey, 1951).\n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3504-TrophicStrategy 3504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Sericothrips annulipies (Stannard, 1968)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3509-ConservationStatus 3509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This insect is considered a minor pest on greenhouse plants (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/18/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3509-Cyclicity 3509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are found year round in greenhouses or malls (Heming). 7/18/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3509-Distribution 3509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread through the tropical regions of the world (Mound and Kibby, 1998), this insect is found in greenhouses, malls, and houses in Alberta (Heming)." 7/18/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3509-GeneralDescription 3509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is blackish-brown, though the terminal abdominal segments are lighter, and the legs are white. The head is strongly sculptured with large hexagonal reticulations, but lacks a prominent dorsal ridge. Setae on the head are small and consist of two pairs of widely spaced post-ocular setae, with a seta in front of each posterior ocellus. Terminal antennal segments are very long, and segments 3 and 4 have simple sense cones. The pronotum and sides of the abdominal tergites are covered with large hexagonal reticulations (Wilson, 1975). \n" 7/18/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3509-Habitat 3509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In temperate regions on plants in greenhouses, houses and malls (Heming)." 7/18/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3509-LifeCycle 3509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "H. haemorrhoidalis has two larval stages, a propupal, and a pupal stage (Heming). All life stages are spent on the host plant(s), unlike some other species of Thripidae which pupate in the ground. This species also reproduces parthenogenetically. (Mound and Kibby, 1998)\n" 7/18/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3509-TrophicStrategy 3509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In the wild, H. haemorrhoidalis feeds on the leaves of tea and coffee plants, citrus, and mango trees, in addition to other tree species. In Alberta, this species feeds on the leaves of many greenhouse plants including azaleas, holy fern, philodendron, Easter lily, and mango (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/18/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2654-ConservationStatus 2654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2654-Cyclicity 2654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, appearing in early spring (April to May) and again in August to October." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2654-Distribution 2654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Green Comma is found from Alaska east across the boreal region to Newfoundland and New England, in the west south to California and New Mexico (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2654-GeneralDescription 2654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The predominantly grey underside is most like that of P. progne, P. oreas and P. gracilis; the Green Comma has a more mottled rather than a two-toned underside, and the moss-green patches in the margins of the underside will serve to distinguish it. There is some variability over this species' distribution in the province, and it is unclear at the time which subspecies names are best applied (N. Kondla, unpubl. data)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2654-Habitat 2654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreal forest clearings and roadways, occasionally occurring in the aspen parkland." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2654-LifeCycle 2654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The green eggs are sculpted with 10 - 12 vertical ribs, and are laid in the spring after females overwinter and mate. The mature larvae are spiny with black, bilobed heads, the front half of the body coloured rust-brown and the rear pure white (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Pupae are brown or grey with silvered tubercles (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults hibernate in wood piles, unheated buildings and hollow trees and stumps (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2654-TrophicStrategy 2654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In BC, the larvae feed on willows (Salix spp.), alder (Alnus spp.) and paper birch (Betula payrifera) (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults rarely visit flowers, preferring instead the sap of poplars (Populus spp.) and willows (Salix spp.) (Guppy & Shepard 2001), particularly in the spring when sap flows are high and contain lots of sugars. Carrion and mammal scat will also attract commas." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2660-ConservationStatus 2660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2660-Cyclicity 2660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, appearing in early spring (April to May) and again in August to October." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2660-Distribution 2660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species spans two continents, occuring across northern North America and also in Eurasia. It is found throughout most of non-arctic Canada and the northern United States (Opler 1999). May be a migrant to the northern- and southermost extents of its range; Opler (1999) depicts the northern Alberta records as migrants, but the Compton is found regularly there and there is no reason to believe these individuals represent migrants." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2660-GeneralDescription 2660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Somewhat similar to the California Tortoiseshell (Nymphalis californica), but the Conmpton has a predominantly pale hindwing margin (and is larger), while that of californica is black.\nThis is another species whose scientific name has received a complete makeover as a result of careful study by a number of researchers; the Compton Tortoiseshell was traditionally known as Nymphalis vau-album, but may be known as Roddia l-album in the future; it is more closely related to the commas (Polygonia) than members of the genus Nymphalis, and may represent an evolutionary linkage between these two groups (Nylin et al. 2001). For a complete review of the nomeclature changes, see Guppy & Shepard (2001). \nBird et al. (1995) call AB populations ssp. j-album, while Guppy & Shepard (2001) treat them as the western watsoni. Layberry et al. (1998) do not recognize watsoni as a sufficiently distinct taxon, presumably because of minor differences between the two, and treat all Canadian populations as j-album. A review of this situation is in order." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2660-Habitat 2660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in or near moist mixed wood forests in the boreal and mountain region. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2660-LifeCycle 2660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The light green eggs are cylindrical and have 11 vertical ridges. Mature larvae are black dorsally and brown laterally, with black, branched spines and fine white markings (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The pale green pupae have pinkish spots and three pairs of golden-silver spots on the back (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The adults emerge in late summer and hibernate, with mating and egg-laying occuring in the spring. This tortoiseshell has irruptive population dynamics, and may be very rare or absent many years in a row, then appear abundantly for a year or two. When it is common, it can be found during the winter in unheated, outdoor shelters such as barns and outhouses. In suitable years, possibly when outbreaks occur, this species will also migrate beyond its normal breeding grounds." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2660-TrophicStrategy 2660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In British Columbia, the only recorded larval hostplants are birches (Betula spp.) (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults prefer tree sap flows and mammal scat to flowers, and in outbreak years can form large mud-puddling congregations." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2833-ConservationStatus 2833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2833-Cyclicity 2833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single yearly flight peaks in mid to late July. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2833-Distribution 2833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Newfoundland west to BC (Layberry et al. 1998) 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2833-GeneralDescription 2833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Very similar to S. hesperis, with which it was considered to be conspecific until recently (Scott et al. 1998). Atlantis is larger on average, with a broader, more squared-off forewing and heavier upperside markings. The hindwing underside has a chocolate-brown disc, compared to reddish-brown or rusty-brown in hesperis." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2833-Habitat 2833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Essentially a boreal forest species in AB, usually near moist spruce woods." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2833-LifeCycle 2833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The black larvae have grey or brown stripes and orange spines (Layberry et al. 1998). Unlike most other Alberta Speyeria, atlantis is a species of moist, mixed forest habitats." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2833-TrophicStrategy 2833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts of Atlantis are unconfirmed, but are believed to be violets (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults nectar at thistle and fireweed (Hooper 1973)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2857-ConservationStatus 2857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2857-Cyclicity 2857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight per year, peaking in mid June to early July." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2857-Distribution 2857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Jutta's current taxonomic standing has it occuring from Scandinavia across Siberia to Alaska and Newfoundland, south to the Great Lakes and southwest Alberta. Isolated populations are found in the Rocky Mountain States (Scott 1986)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2857-GeneralDescription 2857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Upperside chestnut brown with a row of rust-orange submarginal patches, sometimes forming a band; black submarginal eyespots. Males with a slightly darker forewing discal patch. Underside finely striated with black and light grey, median band usually poorly defined. The only Oeneis with orange-bordered upperside eyespots.\nSubspecies chermockorum occurs in the mountain region, and ridingiana in the boreal forests." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2857-Habitat 2857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In or near peat bogs and fens. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2857-LifeCycle 2857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown in Alberta. The pale green larvae have green lines and reddish hairs. The yellow white eggs are laid on various substrates near the host. Larvae take two seasons to mature, and adults are present only in alternate years in many localities (Scott 1986). The Jutta Arctic is significantly more common in odd-numbered years in the boreal forests of Saskatchewan and Alberta (Hooper 1973, Kondla 1992)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2857-TrophicStrategy 2857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hosts are unconfirmed in western Canada. Cotton Grass (Eriophorum vaginatum) is used in MI (Masters 1973). Adults nectar at Labrador Tea (Hooper 1973). 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2858-ConservationStatus 2858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of no concern. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2858-Cyclicity 2858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been found from May to August. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2858-Distribution 2858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "E. californicalis is a North American species which occurs in South Dakota (McDaniel et al 1984); and also in California, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Utah and Colorado (Capps 1966). While not reported for Alberta by Bowman (1951), there is a specimen collected in Edmonton by him in the Strickland Museum and Ernest Mengersen has collected it at Olds, Tolman Bridge and Onefour. Both of the latter collections were originally reporterd as E. ocelleus." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2858-GeneralDescription 2858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small to medium sized crambid (14-23 mm wingspan). Forewings light brown with two yellow transverse lines; no longitudinal discal stripe and no white costal and anal stripes; the lower part of the terminal line has a row of eight or nine black dots. Very similar to the widespread Euchromius ocelleus except that, in californicalis, the whitish area between the black dots and the fine ochraceous line internal from it is broad, while in ocelleus it is narrow. Also, the yellow transverse lines tend to be almost straight in californicalis while in ocelleus they are noticeably angled. In addition, the genitalia are different and these have been described and illustrated by Capps (1966). Originally described as Eromene Californicalis by Packard (1873), californicalis was thought to be a synonym of ocelleus by Fernald (1896)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2858-Habitat 2858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Probably grasslands. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2858-LifeCycle 2858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Comes to light. The immature stages are unknown but are probably similar to those of E. ocelleus which have been described by Capps (1966). \nThe related E. ocelleus is of wide distribution and is found in many parts of the world, including the southern United States." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2858-TrophicStrategy 2858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3693-ConservationStatus 3693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "At the northwestern edge of it's range in Alberta and Saskatchewan, where it is local and rare." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3693-Cyclicity 3693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late July and early August. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3693-Distribution 3693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Mainly a prairie species, from remnant prairies in Illinois west to southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, Idaho, Utah and New Mexico. Known from Canada only in Saskatchewan (1 record) and Alberta. In Alberta it has been collected north to Lethbridge and Medicine Hat." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3693-GeneralDescription 3693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.8.3.0 cm wingspan) dull yellow brown moth, without darker markings. The forewing color is slightly darker on the lower half, inside the postmedian line near the apex and in an indistinct band running from the postmedian line through the reniform area. It is also lighter along the distal side of the postmedian line, in particular just below the apex. The reniform is marked by a few grey scales in some specimens, obsolete in others. The hindwing is dull white, lightly dusted with brown scales, especially near the outer margin. Antennae simple, sexes similar.\n\nThe related P. spumosum is larger more evenly colored and has more pointed forewings. A key to the species of Plagiomimicus, along with illustrations of both adults and the genitalia of both sexes, is provided in Poole, 1995.\n" 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3693-Habitat 3693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open areas; disturbed areas in the dry grasslands region. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3693-LifeCycle 3693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, with the adults flying in mid summer. The larvae have been described by Crumb (1956). The larvae undoubtedly feed on the seeds in the flowering heads, as do all known members of the family. \n\n" 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3693-TrophicStrategy 3693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere Iva xanthifolia (Asteraceae) has been recorded as a larval host (Crumb, 1956)" 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3510-ConservationStatus 3510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Considered a pest. Less common in greenhouses due to pesticide use (Mound & Marullo, 1996)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3510-Cyclicity 3510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3510-Distribution 3510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread through the tropical, and subtropical regions of the world (Wilson, 1975), this insect is found in greenhouses, houses and malls in Alberta (Heming)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3510-GeneralDescription 3510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is 1.2 to 1.6mm in length, and legs are yellow, except for the mid and hind femora, which are brown. The head is strongly reticulate, and yellow, except for cheeks and the ocellar hump, which are brown. Antennal segments 1 and 2, as well as the apical portion of segments 4 and 5 are shaded with brown. Antennal segments 6 and 8 are dark brown, and segments 3 and the basal two thirds of segments 4 and 5 are yellow. The sense cones on antennal segments 3 and 4 are forked. Forewings are narrow and brown in color, with pale areas near the base and apex of the wing. Venal setae are long and dark (Wilson, 1975). \n" 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3510-Habitat 3510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On plants in greenhouses, houses and malls in Alberta (Heming)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3510-LifeCycle 3510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "All life stages are occur on the host plant, including pupal stages (Wilson, 1975). \n" 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3510-TrophicStrategy 3510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is phytophagous (Mound and Marullo, 1996) and feeds on the leaves of numerous greenhouse plants including tomato, Brassia sp., sugar beet, philodendron, Easter lily, banana, begonia and orchid (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3511-ConservationStatus 3511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This insect is considered to be a minor pest of greenhouse plants (Heming). 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3511-Cyclicity 3511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3511-Distribution 3511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Believed to have originated in Africa (Wilson, 1975), this insect is pantropical, but is found only in greenhouses, houses or malls in Alberta (Heming)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3511-GeneralDescription 3511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body is yellowish brown. The head is quadrate, and the surface has prominent rounded reticles. Eyes bulge forward. Antennae are pale yellow, though segments 6 and 7 are brown and segment 5 has a hint of brown in the apical third. Forked or simple sense cones are on antennal segments 3 and 4. Forewings are broad, and are white with a dark brown cross band at the fork of the principle wing vein. Forewing appears to be made of a polygonal network of cells (Wilson, 1975). \n" 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3511-Habitat 3511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs only in greenhouses, houses and shopping malls in Alberta (Heming)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3511-LifeCycle 3511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle All life stages are spent on the host plant . This species will reproduce parthenogenetically.\n 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3511-TrophicStrategy 3511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species feeds on the leaves of numerous greenhouse plants, including; Ficus elastica, N�anthes palm, Lilies, and other monocots (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3514-ConservationStatus 3514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3514-Cyclicity 3514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults collected in June, July, and August." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3514-Distribution 3514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, B.C., (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3514-GeneralDescription 3514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body is around 1.5mm in length, and bi-colored brown to yellow brown. Anterior two thirds of the head, and antennal segments 1, 3, 4, and sometimes the base of 5 are yellow, the terminal segments are dark brown. Antennae are 9 segmented and segments 3 and 4 have forked sense cones. Abdominal tergite 8 has a comb of setae that are not fused together at the base (Stannard, 1968). \n" 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3514-Habitat 3514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This species is found on grasses, Timothy, sedges, and wheat stems (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3514-LifeCycle 3514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3514-TrophicStrategy 3514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3854-ConservationStatus 3854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species; no concerns." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3854-Cyclicity 3854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are on the wing in Alberta from early June through August, with the main flight July-August." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3854-Distribution 3854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. In North America adumbrata occurs across northern Canada from Quebec to western Alaska, south to the northern tier of states, and in the mountains to Colorado. In Alberta it has been collected throughout the southern half of the province." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3854-GeneralDescription 3854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults of adumbrata are medium-size (3.4-4.0 cm wingspan) rather narrow-winged noctuid moths. The sexes are dimorphic; females are dark blackish-brown and males red-brown. Females are essentially unmarked except for pale scales outlining the reniform and orbicular spots. Males are almost identical to red specimens of Euxoa ochrogaster, and to a lesser degree to Euxoa mimallonis. The male genital characters mentioned above will separate adumbrata from the others. Males of mimallonis also have shining white hindwings, not dirty white or sooty as in adumbrata. The male genital characters can be observed in most specimens without dissection. \nThe Sordid Dart belongs to the Euxoa subgenus Chorizagrotis, characterized by long, apically spatulate saccular extension and short harpes in the male. The only other member of the subgenus in Alberta is E. auxiliaris, which can be separated by its shorter harpes (3 times as long as wide in auxiliaries versus 5 times as long as wide in adumbrata). Females of Chorizagrotis may be separated from females of other Euxoa subgenera by their dorsoventrally flattened abdomen.\nKeys to the adults of the genus, subgenera and species are provided in Lafontaine, 1987.\nThe nomenclature of adumbrata has gone through a number of changes in recent years; it has been treated as both drewseni (Staud.) and lidia (Stoll) (Hardwick, 1970; Lafontaine, 1987)." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3854-Habitat 3854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasslands, meadows, cultivated areas and other open areas." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3854-LifeCycle 3854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood annually. \nLarvae have been reared in the lab, but nothing of the habits or host plants is known. \n" 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3854-TrophicStrategy 3854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Related Euxoa species feed on a variety of herbaceous plants. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2905-ConservationStatus 2905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Only found once in Alberta, but probably of no concern. It should be on the ""watch"" list." 4/24/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2905-Cyclicity 2905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 4/24/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2905-Distribution 2905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Described from Fennoscandia and the Alps (Bleszynski). Reported from Quebec and Labrador by Handfield (1997) and from the Yukon by Lafontaine & Wood (1997). A specimen was collected 30 km NW of Zama Lake in northwestern Alberta, 15 July 1997, by G.R. Pohl." 4/24/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2905-GeneralDescription 2905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small crambid (17 mm wingspan). Forewing dark chocolate brown with two light blotches; lacking AM, PM and ST lines; there is a hint of a row of dark dots in the terminal line. Hind wing dark chocolate brown, without a blotch. Somewhat similar to Agriphila biarmica, Catoptria trichostoma and Gesneria centuriella, all of which have a zigzag subterminal line in the forewing, the latter, however, can be confusing as individuals can be wholly blackish with obscure markings." 4/24/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2905-Habitat 2905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Unknown. 4/24/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2905-LifeCycle 2905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 4/24/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2905-TrophicStrategy 2905 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 4/24/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2832-ConservationStatus 2832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern in Alberta. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2832-Cyclicity 2832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity One yearly flight peaking in late July to mid August. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2832-Distribution 2832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Central B.C. east to Nova Scotia and south to New Mexico and northern Georgia (Scott 1986). The northermost populations occur in the Peace River Grasslands of Alberta / BC. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2832-GeneralDescription 2832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar and likely to be confused with the Atlantis (S. atlantis) and Northwestern (S. hesperis) fritillaries; all three have a dark- to light brown hindwing underside ""disc"" (the dark, basal two-thirds of the wing). Aphrodite and Atlantis can usually be separated by habitat alone, since Atlantis prefers moist, mixed-wood forest, while aphrodite is mainly a prairie species. Where these two overlap in the southern boreal forests, Atlantis is larger with a dark chocolate-brown hindwing disc. Aphrodite differ from Northwestern males in lacking the prominent dark scaling along the dorsal forewing veins, giving Aphrodite an overall brighter orange look. Females of aphrodite and hesperis do not exhibit consistent external differences, but aphrodite females differ from all other Alberta Speyeria (except S. cybele) in having a two- rather than one-chambered bursa copulatrix (Scott 1986). The genus Speyeria presents a challenge to the beginner and experienced alike, and differences are best appreciated by comparing series of specimens." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2832-Habitat 2832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairie grasslands and dry, open woods in the parkland and southern boreal region." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2832-LifeCycle 2832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Egg initially cream-coloured, turning darker. Mature larva dark brown with spines and a black dorsal line (Scott 1986). Unfed, first instar larvae hibernate (Scott 1986)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2832-TrophicStrategy 2832 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The eggs are laid at the base of violet plants (Viola sp.), the larval hostplant in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults commonly visit flowers, but have not been ovserved nectaring in the Peace River Grasslands (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2949-ConservationStatus 2949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2949-Cyclicity 2949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2949-Distribution 2949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, B.C. (Chiasson 1986), across North America and Europe (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2949-GeneralDescription 2949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies in length around 2mm, and is mainly dark brown. The bases of antennal segments 3 to 6, the apices of the tibiae, and all tarsi are yellow. The head is elongate, and the cheeks are somewhat serrate. The eyes are prolonged ventrally into a point towards the posterior. Ocelli are lacking in apterae. Antennal segment 3 has a single outer sense cone, while segment 4 has outer and inner sense cones. The mouth cone is short, and rounded. The pterothorax is degenerate in apterae, and each fore tarsus has a small tooth. Females are macropterous, brachypterous or apterous. The pelta is dome shaped and the wing-holding setae are not differentiated in apterae. The major posterior setae on segment 9 are half as long as the tube. Males are not known to occur in North America (Heming, Personal communication 2003)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2949-Habitat 2949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Short grass prairie, rye grass, birch, willow, Ledum groenlandicum (Chiasson 1986)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2949-LifeCycle 2949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Males of the species are known in Europe, but were formerly unknown in North America (Stannard 1968). Stannard (1968) suggested that the North American form of C. monilicornis may be facultatively parthenogenetic, though males have been collected in Alberta (Heming Pers communication 2003)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2949-TrophicStrategy 2949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2950-ConservationStatus 2950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Annoying when in large populations (Moritz et al 2001); also considered a pest (Collins 1993). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2950-Cyclicity 2950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2950-Distribution 2950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widespread in the tropics and sub-tropics. This species has been distributed around the world by the distribution of plant material by the horticultural trade. (Moritz et al 2001). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2950-GeneralDescription 2950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is dark brown while apices of the tibiae and the tarsi are yellow. Antennal segments 3 to 5 are yellow, segment 6 is yellow but shaded at the apex, and segment 7 is shaded distally. The distal margins of the forewings are shaded, though the rest of the wing is pale. The head is longer than wide, and the anterior ocellus is raised higher than the base of the antennae. Postocular setae are present, vary in length and number, and have blunt apices. The antennae are 8 segmented with 1 sense cone on antennal segment 3, and 3 sense cones on segment 4. The pronotum has strongly developed lines of sculpture that have a swirling shape, and the epimeral setae are long (Moritz et al 2001)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2950-Habitat 2950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ficus microcarpa, (Moritz et al 2001)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2950-LifeCycle 2950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species of thrips causes the leaves of its host plant to form leaf-roll galls. These galls are often home to large assemblages of insects including parasitoids, and predators of G. ficorum (Mound and Marullo 1996). While Ficus benjamini is listed as a host plant, G. ficorum only breeds on Ficus microcarpa, and records of this species appearing on F. benjamini may be due to misidentifications of the species of thrips or plant (Moritz et al 2001)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2950-TrophicStrategy 2950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Feeds on foliage (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4169-ConservationStatus 4169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4169-Cyclicity 4169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected in late July and August. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4169-Distribution 4169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Intrita occurs across southern Canada from western Ontario west to the Pacific, south to southern Manitoba, central Montana and in the mountains to northern New Mexico, south-central Utah and south-central California. In Alberta it has been collected from the southern edge of the boreal forest to the Red Deer River badlands, west to the upper foothills." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4169-GeneralDescription 4169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.1-3.5 cm wingspan) variable dark chocolate or dark red-brown moth frosted with pale scales. The ground varies from dark chocolate brown to mottled red-brown with black markings. The lower edge of the costa and the cubital vein, the space between the doubled antemedian and post median lines, and the outline of the reniform and orbicular spots are usually marked with contrasting light brown or whitish scales, giving the forewings a frosted look. In some specimens the median area is lighter red-brown. The hindwings are light smoky-brown with a broad diffuse terminal band, darker in females. The forewing fringe is dark, the hindwing fringe is light brown, and the male antennae are rather broadly biserrate. The forewings are broader than in most Euxoa, giving them a characteristic stubby-winged appearance. Males often have a small patch of orange scales at the forewing base (as in tessellata), and can also be recognized by the massive harpes and the stout, asymmetrical saccular extensions.\n\nIntrita belongs in the large subgenus Euxoa, characterized by the shape of the male vesica, which is 1-2 times the length of the aedoeagus, bends above the apex of the aedoeagus to project dorsally or to the right, and lacks a prominent twist, coil or loop subbasally. The valves are all bilaterally symmetrical except for the lengths of the saccular extensions. Keys to the subgenera and species and illustrations of the genitalia are provided in Lafontaine 1987.\n" 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4169-Habitat 4169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry wooded coniferous forest; dry grassy clearings in the parklands. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4169-LifeCycle 4169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Known only from lab-reared material. The egg overwinters, and the larvae undergo a lengthy aestivation. Adults are attracted to light." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4169-TrophicStrategy 4169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Most related Euxoa are general feeders on low-growing mostly broad-leaved plants. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3884-ConservationStatus 3884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3884-Cyclicity 3884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies from early July to early August, peaking in late July." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3884-Distribution 3884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New Brunswick to B.C., south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. North to northern Alberta and BC (McGuffin 1972)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3884-GeneralDescription 3884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewing light grey with darker brown markings and a small but usually distinct black discal dot. Four dark evenly-spaced costal wedges. AM, PM and median line variably developed; brown mottling distal to the bottom half of the PM line, this sometimes developed into a broad band. Hindwing lighter in colour, speckled with dark brown, and variable PM line and discal dot. Females slightly smaller and with more contrasting dark markings.\nI. loricaria and anataria are similar; loricaria males have less pronounced costal markings and a larger more diffuse discal spot, and females have vestigial wings. Anataria has a narrower, more elongate forewing and has a more pronounced concavity of the forewing apex, giving the forewing a more notched appearance. Anataria also has darker grey hindwings compared to exauspicata.\n" 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3884-Habitat 3884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous woodlands. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3884-LifeCycle 3884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are described in detail by McGuffin (1972), and the mature larva is figured by Wagner et al. (2001) and Wong and Ives (1988). Larvae are solitary, and the pupal period lasts about 21 days, with eggs overwintering (Prentice 1963, McGuffin 1972). Although larvae appear to have a relatively wide host range, this moth is rarely collected, and it is possible that adults are not attracted to light." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3884-TrophicStrategy 3884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Prentice reports a variety of plants from which larvae were collected, but willows seem to be prefered. Larval collections were made from Salicaceae (58%) (Salix, Populus tremuloides, P. balsamifera), Betulaceae (23%) (Betula spp., Corylus cornuta, Alnus rugosa), Rosaceae (13%) (Prunus spp., Amelanchier alnifolia) and single collections on conifers, bur oak, and basswood (possibly accidental hosts)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3885-ConservationStatus 3885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3885-Cyclicity 3885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late May to late July, peaking late June-early July. Occasional second brood in early September." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3885-Distribution 3885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Interior BC east to Newfoundland, north to the southern NWT,south to GA, NE, FL and NM (McGuffin 1981, Wagner et al. 2001)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3885-GeneralDescription 3885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size pure white geometrid with a light speckling of grey scales. Alberta specimens almost always lack the transverse bands found in other members of the genus. Most likely to be confused with Eudeilinea herminiata (Drepanidae) and Protitame virginalis. E. herminiata lacks the dark speckling. The forelegs are orange-brown on C. variolaria, dark grey in P. virginalis." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3885-Habitat 3885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forest and parkland. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3885-LifeCycle 3885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva, known as the Pink-striped willow spanworm, exhibits a green form and a brown form, illustrated in Wagner et al. (2001) and Ives & Wong (1988). Eggs are laid singly below but along the edge of host leaves. Pupae hibernate (McGuffin 1988). Adults can be flushed up during the day, but also fly at night and come to lights." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3885-TrophicStrategy 3885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on poplars (Populus spp.) and willows (Salix spp.) (McGuffin 1981). 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3886-ConservationStatus 3886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3886-Cyclicity 3886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late June to late July, peaking in mid July." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3886-Distribution 3886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Newfoundland and New York, south to Colorado (McGuffin 1972)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3886-GeneralDescription 3886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A pale grey geometrid with indistinct markings. AM, PM and median dark lines usually present, the PM widest and slighltly darker. Patchy brown band distal to the PM band variably developed. Discal spot usually well-defined. Hindwings paler than the forewings, PM band usually visible. Females have vestigial wings and are flightless.\nSimilar to I. anataria and exauspicata; loricaria males have larger antennal pectinations giving a more feathery appearance, and females have vestigial wings. The forewings of exauspicata are also wider, and lack the more pronounced concavity of the forewing apex of anataria, giving the latter more notched appearing forewings. The forewing costal marks of loricaria are concolourous with the transverse lines, not darkest at the costa as in anataria and exauspicata.\nThis species is Holarctic; North American populations are subspecies julia (Hulst).\n" 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3886-Habitat 3886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Generally common in mixedwood and deciduous forests. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3886-LifeCycle 3886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are described by McGuffin (1972). Handfield (1999) notes that adults come to light, and are also occasionally attracted to sugar bait. One of the more common Itame species in Alberta." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3886-TrophicStrategy 3886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The principal larval host is trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) (Prentice 1963). 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3170-ConservationStatus 3170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Locally rare. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3170-Cyclicity 3170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from June to July. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3170-Distribution 3170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, east to Wisconsin, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland. In Alberta, this species has been recorded in the Edmonton area." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3170-GeneralDescription 3170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult bodies are medium brown and the vertex of the head with only posterior warts. Legs have well-developed black spines and brown spurs. Spur formula is 2, 4, 4. In males, the clasper is complex. The basal body is lump-like with a ventral conical process. The dorsal lobe is thumb-like and the distal article is curved, club-like and located between the dorsal and ventral lobes of the clasper body (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3170-Habitat 3170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sphagnum bogs and some surface pools? 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3170-LifeCycle 3170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "B. complicatus studied in Newfoundland was univoltine. The larvae overwinters as 5th instars (Wiggins, 1996).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3170-TrophicStrategy 3170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on filamentous algae, vascular plant fragments and animal material (Wiggins, 1996)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3171-ConservationStatus 3171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare and highly localized (Wiggins, 1996), expected in Alberta." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3171-Cyclicity 3171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late May to August. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3171-Distribution 3171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found mainly in east-central North America. It has been recorded in western North West Territories, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Minnesota and Nebraska (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3171-GeneralDescription 3171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult head and thorax are medium brown. Legs are a uniform light brown with short black spines. Spur formula is 2, 4. 4. In males, the aedeagus has a large, black, acuminate spine, curving ventro-posterad then dorsad (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3171-Habitat 3171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dense beds of submerged aquatic plants in standing to slowly moving waters (Wiggins, 1996)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3171-LifeCycle 3171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3171-TrophicStrategy 3171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are detritovores, feeding on vascular plant tissue and fine organic particles (Wiggins, 1996)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3239-ConservationStatus 3239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3239-Cyclicity 3239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3239-Distribution 3239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada the beetles are found from Alberta to Nova Scotia, and south in the United States to Arizona and Texas (Bright, 1987)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3239-GeneralDescription 3239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is easy to recognize on the shape of the body, small size and colour pattern." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3239-Habitat 3239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodlands. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3239-LifeCycle 3239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In the river valley below the U of Alberta in Edmonton, there is one Saskatoon berry bush, about 1 meter high, that for several years running has hosted a population of B. aerosus adults. The leaves of this bush are heavily mined by the end of summer. Neighbouring bushes appear unaffected." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3239-TrophicStrategy 3239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "These beetles are reported to feed on a wide variety of hardwoods, including aspen, maple, and elm (Bright, 1987). In Alberta they have been associated with aspen, poplar, and Saskatoon berry." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2605-ConservationStatus 2605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2605-Cyclicity 2605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There are two annual broods on the praires (May and July), and one in the mountains (July)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2605-Distribution 2605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, ranging from central BC south to Mexico and east to southern Saskatchewan and Texas (Opler 1999)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2605-GeneralDescription 2605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Most likely to be confused with the Rocky Mountain Dotted Blue (Euphilotes ancilla), but Acmon has shiny, metallic scales on the hindwing marginal band which are absent in ancilla. Acmon also has smaller underside spots and a white, even uncheckered wing fringe.\nA number of different subspecies have been assigned to our populations (Layberry et al, 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001), But Norbert Kondla remarks that ""Alberta Butterflies"" purposely did not assign a subspecies because Alberta populations do not look like others, so it is best to not use a subspecies name until this matter is resolved. Balint & Johnson (1997) and Gorbunov (2001) provide alternative interpretations of the generic placement of acmon. To add to the taxonomic confusion of this group, Scott (1998) provides evidence that our populations are actually lupini (Boisduval), not acmon; So the butterfly known as Icaricia acmon as recently as 1998 may eventually be referred to as Aricia lupini! \n" 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2605-Habitat 2605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie badlands and dry montane meadows in the southern foothills. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2605-LifeCycle 2605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There are no data available on immature stages for Canadian populations. Guppy & Shepard (2001) figure a mature larva from California and a pupa from Mexico; the larva is dark green, covered in short fine hair, with a pinkish red dorsal and lateral line. The pupa is light brown. Field-collected larvae can have high parasitism rates by tachinid flies in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2605-TrophicStrategy 2605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval foodplant is presumably umbrella-plant (Eriogonum spp.) in Canada, since it is always found in association with this plant (Hooper 1973, Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2606-ConservationStatus 2606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2606-Cyclicity 2606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight per year, peaking in June and July depending on elevation." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2606-Distribution 2606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Central BC and southern Alberta south to Baja California and New Mexico (Opler 1999); there are also populations in the Cypress Hills of Alberta / Saskatchewan and extreme south-central Saskatchewan (Layberry et al. 1998). 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2606-GeneralDescription 2606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Boisduval's Blue lacks orange markings on the hindwing underside, and the hindwing spots are prominently ringed with white; most similar to the Greenish Blue (Plebejus saepiolus), but the forewing underside spots are much more prominent than those of the hindwing, while the Greenish Blue has equally well-marked fore- and hindwing markings. Boisduval's males also lack the forewing upperside discal spot found in saepiolus.\nBalint & Johnson (1997) and Gorbunov (2001) provide alternative genus placement interpretations." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2606-Habitat 2606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Praire grassland and dry montane meadows where lupines are common. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2606-LifeCycle 2606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages have been described by Comstock and Dammers (1935) from California; the egg is greenish white, and mature larvae are green with a pale dorsal and lateral stripe and pale oblique lateral bands. The pupa is green and chestnut red. Eggs are laid on the leaves or seed pods of the host plant, and hibernate as full-grown second instar larvae in California (Newcomer 1911, Comstock and Dammers 1935). Trichogramma wasps (Trichogrammatidae) parasitize the eggs (Downey 1962), and larvae are attacked by the braconid wasp Apanteles theclae Riley and tachinid flies (Downey 1962, Newcomer 1911). Larvae are tended by ants in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001) and elsewhere (Downey 1962)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2606-TrophicStrategy 2606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host plant is not reported for Alberta, but is undoubtedly one or more species of lupine (Lupinus spp.). Many species of lupine have been reported as hosts in the western US (Scott 1986), although colonies are only ever associated with one species in a given locality (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2607-ConservationStatus 2607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2607-Cyclicity 2607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One annual brood, flying May into August depending on habitat and elevation." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2607-Distribution 2607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found from Alaska south throughout most most of Canada (except for the high arctic), occuring south in the west to New Mexico and California (Opler 1999)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2607-GeneralDescription 2607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Greenish Blue has at most one or two poorly-developed orange spots near the outer angle of the hindwing underside, and a discal spot on the forewing upperside. The marginal row of spots on the underside mark both the fore- and hindwing, and the black dots near the middle of the hindwing are not prominently ringed in white (as in Icaricia icarioides) or blotchy and white (as in Agriades glandon).\nBalint & Johnson (1997) transferred saepiolus to the genus Aricia. Susbspecies amica (W.H. Edwards) occurs throughout most of Alberta (Bird et al. 1995), while some Alberta populations do not match any named subspecies (Kondla and Guppy 2002)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2607-Habitat 2607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Widespread throughout the province, from cattle pastures and roadsides to alpine meadows." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2607-LifeCycle 2607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In the US, the greenish-white eggs are laid among the flowers of the hostplant, which the green-coloured larvae feed on (Scott 1986). Larvae also have a red-brown colour form (Layberry et al. 1998). Partially-grown larvae hibernate; pupae grey mottled with black (Scott 1986)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2607-TrophicStrategy 2607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Fletcher (1908) reported a female ovipositing on Hedysarum boreale at Kinistino, Saskatchewan (erroneously cited as ""Kenistino, Alberta"" in Guppy & Shepard 2001). Larvae are reported to feed on a variety of legumes in the western US (Scott 1986), and introduced clovers (Trifolium repens and hybridum, but not pratense) in eastern Canada (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3025-ConservationStatus 3025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3025-Cyclicity 3025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3025-Distribution 3025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Most specimens have been recorded east of the Rocky Mountains to New Brunswick in Canada, with one record from south-eastern British Columbia. In the United States, these beetles are reported from Oregon and Colorado in the west to West Virginia in the east (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3025-GeneralDescription 3025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is another difficult species to distinguish. The beetles look very similar to C. trinervia. Differences in the structure of the male's fore tibia help to identify the species (see key). On the few specimens examined, beetles of scabripennis appear more coppery in colour on the elytra, the callosity on the frons is larger and joins the longitudinal ridge coming down from between the eyes. Beetles of trinervia have a more greenish cast on the elytra, and the callosity on the frons is more disrupted by the coarse punctures and does not touch the longitudinal ridge." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3025-Habitat 3025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3025-LifeCycle 3025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unrecorded. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3025-TrophicStrategy 3025 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "These beetles are known from a variety of pines and spruce (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987). In Alberta the species is associated with white spruce." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3026-Cyclicity 3026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/10/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3026-Distribution 3026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This western species is found from Southern British Columbia south through the Rocky Mountain states to California (Fisher 1942). 6/10/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3026-GeneralDescription 3026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is recognized in Fisher (1942) as a valid species. Bright (1987) does not list this species as occuring in Canada. In the Canadian Checklist of Beetles, the species is listed. I follow Fisher and include the species as occuring in Alberta. The head has two small callosities on front and a longitudinal ridge on top. Males golden green on fron and in females cupreous brown. the pronotum is nearly twice as long as wide. The disk is slightly convex and uneven with a broad longitudinal medial depression which is densely punctate on the apical two thirds and smooth at the base. This is limited on each side of the apical half by two or more irrigular callosities. The intervening space between smooth areas is irregularly punctate. Each elytron has four more or less distinct costae which are intrrupted by numerous densely punctured areas and smooth spaces. In males, the shape of the last sternal segment and the form of the tibia of the male resemble those of Ch. trinervia. Differences in the structure of the male genitalia will separate the species (see Figures 14 &15 in the species key). In females, differences occur in the shape of the clypeal margin. In Ch. trinervia the base of the emargination is quite sharp, whereas in females of Ch. monticola, the base is broadly rounded. The emargination of the last sternal plate in female Ch. trinervia is much smaller and tightly rounded.\n" 6/10/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3026-TrophicStrategy 3026 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Reported from pines (Fisher 1942). 6/10/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3027-Cyclicity 3027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3027-Distribution 3027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This is a western species, being found from Southern British Columbia south through the Rocky Mountain states to Arizona (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3027-GeneralDescription 3027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bright (1987) does not include this species as in Alberta. The specimens listed below were identified by B. F. and J. L. Carr. The beetles are very similar to those of C. leechi. Overall colour is black, the punctures glint of greenish to bluish. The front of the head is yellowish green with two callosities. Each elytron has 4 costae. The first costae, is uninterrupted by the shallow punctate foveae." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3027-TrophicStrategy 3027 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported from pine, fir, larch and Douglas fir (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3028-ConservationStatus 3028 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3028-Cyclicity 3028 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3028-Distribution 3028 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species ranges from north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska and the Yukon in the North, south to Utah, Colorado in the west and North Carolina in the east (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3028-GeneralDescription 3028 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This common species is one of the hardest to identify, it is similar to many other species of Chrysobothris. The beetles are black with a brassy to greenish lustre. Callosities on the front of the head are conspicuous to reduced by the coarse punctures, the front of the head is brassy green to coppery with green along the inner edge of the eye. Each elytron has 4 costa, the first is distinct, the others, are interrupted by the foveae." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3028-Habitat 3028 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3028-TrophicStrategy 3028 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Known from pines, spruce and Douglas fir (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987). In Alberta it has been reared from lodgepole pine and tamarack, and associated with white spruce, balsam fir and pines." 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3029-Cyclicity 3029 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3029-Distribution 3029 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The beetles are known to occur from southern Alberta through the western states to Texas (Bright 1987). 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3029-GeneralDescription 3029 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description This species may be recognized by the antennal serrations beginning on segment 5 and the single costa running longitudinally down the centre of each elytron. The specimens from Alberta are lead gray with a slight bronzed cast. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3029-TrophicStrategy 3029 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. In Alberta the beetles were collected on Scarlet Mallow. 6/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2920-ConservationStatus 2920 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Seldom encountered, but probably not of concern. It should be on a ""watch"" list." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2920-Cyclicity 2920 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late July and August. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2920-Distribution 2920 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species known from southern Alberta and Saskatchewan (Kearfott 1908) and in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta (Bowman 1951). In addition, a specimen has been seen from Innisfail, Alberta." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2920-GeneralDescription 2920 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized Crambus (24-27 mm wingspan). Forewing yellowish gray with a thin stripe along the anal margin and one below the costa; discal stripe narrow, not widening towards the apex, with a slight tooth below at the inner third; lacking a white patch between the discal stripe and the subterminal line; terminal line with four or five black dots below. Regarded as a synonym of C. dumetellus by Fernald (1896) but shown not to be so by Kearfott (1908). Crambus dumetellus is now regarded as a synonym of C. whitmerellus. Crambus trichusalis is easily separated from whitmerellus by having the narrow discal stripe which does not widen towards the end." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2920-Habitat 2920 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native grassland. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2920-LifeCycle 2920 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Not known. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2920-TrophicStrategy 2920 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown, probably grasses." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3037-ConservationStatus 3037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "It is a pest of chrysanthemums and gloxinia, and is a minor pest in greenhouses (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3037-Cyclicity 3037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3037-Distribution 3037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, B.C. (Chiasson 1986), U.S., Europe, Japan, New Zealand, Africa, Asia, Australia (Nakahara 1994). This species is found in temperate regions (Moritz et al 2001)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3037-GeneralDescription 3037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 1.25mm in length, and is yellow with brown blotches on the thorax and basal abdominal tergites. The legs are yellow. Antennal segments are brown except for segment 1 which is yellow, segment 2 which is yellowish, and the basal parts of segments 3 and 4 which are yellowish brown fading to brown distally (Nakahara 1994). Forewings are pale gray. The head is moderate in size, antennae are 7 segmented, and the prothorax is moderately covered with long setae. The prothorax has a well-developed pair of anterior setae and the inner posterior pair of setae is about one and a half times longer than the dorsal length of the eye. Along the posterior margin of the prothorax 3 pairs of setae are present between the major pairs (Stannard 1968). There are 3 distal setae present on the forevein of each forewing. Females are macropterous or brachypterous, males are brachypterous (Nakahara 1994). Abdominal tergite 2 has 3 setae on each lateral margin. A complete comb of setae is present on the posterior margin of tergite 8, and tergite 9 has 1 pair of sensilla (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3037-Habitat 3037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Polyphagous; on Chrysanthemums (Nakahara 1994), in greenhouses (Heming Pers. Comm. 2002)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3037-LifeCycle 3037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle High population densities increase the proportion of female offspring that are brachypterous (Nakao 1995). This species was introduced from Europe (Nakahara 1994). 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3037-TrophicStrategy 3037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species feeds on the foliage of its host plants (Nakahara 1994). 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2952-ConservationStatus 2952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2952-Cyclicity 2952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2952-Distribution 2952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Saskatchewan (Chiasson 1986), across the U.S. (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2952-GeneralDescription 2952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies in length from 1.8 to 2.3mm and is mainly dark brown. The basal half of antennal segment 3, the apices of the fore tibiae and the fore tarsi are yellowish brown. The bases of the fore wings are light brown, but otherwise the wings are colourless. The head is longer than wide and the dorsal surface is transversely striate. Ocelli are present, and the postocular setae are moderately short. Antennal segment 3 has 1 outer sense cone while segment 4 has 2 outer and 2 inner sense cones. Antennal segment 7 has a broad pedicel, and the mouth cone is short and rounded. The anteromarginal and lateral setae on the prothorax are small. Each fore tarsus has a short but stout tooth, which is larger in males. The pelta is triangular and has elongate hexagonal reticulations. Abdominal tergite 9 has moderately sized, pointed major setae, and the tube is short. The glandular area on sternite 8 of males is absent (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2952-Habitat 2952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Scirpus validus, S. paludosus, Salix, grass, flowers (Chiasson 1986)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2952-LifeCycle 2952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2952-TrophicStrategy 2952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Pollen feeder (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3066-ConservationStatus 3066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3066-Cyclicity 3066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early June to late August. 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3066-Distribution 3066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range of this species extends from Great Slave Lake to British Columbia, New Mexico, Michigan and Maine. In Alberta, it is relatively common throughout the plains and lower major mountain valleys (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3066-GeneralDescription 3066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are brown and the vertex of the head dark brown. Spurs are pale brown. Forewings are deep chocolate-brown to a pale yellowish brown, lightly irrorate and the costal are is clear and pale yellow. In males, the cercus and segment 10 processes are equal in length. Each process is tapered and rounded at the tips. The ventral base of the clasper is smoothly tapered to an acuminate, black, dorsal process (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3066-Habitat 3066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Typha sloughs, ponds, lakes and smaller, smooth-flowing creeks and rivers." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3066-LifeCycle 3066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3066-TrophicStrategy 3066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are detritovores, feeding on vascular plant tissues." 6/18/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2982-ConservationStatus 2982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2982-Cyclicity 2982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June and July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2982-Distribution 2982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread south of Canada from the Pacific to Atlantic. (Bright 1987, Arnett 1974)" 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2982-GeneralDescription 2982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Acmaeodera immaculata is a highly variable species, Horn (1878), illustrated 6 ""variants"" of A. pulcella in his treatment of the genus, including A. puchella immaculata. Bright (1987) in his treatment of the Canadian species recognized two species in Alberta, A. pulchella and A.variegata. He placed most specimens in A. variegata. I believe this to be incorrect. On examination of A. variegata specimens from Utah, these beetles bear very little resemblance except for colour pattern. Differences include, the shape of the prosternum (which places variegata in Horn's group Acmaeoderae emarginatae and pulchella in Acmaeoderae truncatae), shape and sculpture of pronotum (variegata has two lateral and one medial basal depression, all well developed, in pulchella these are lacking or faintly present, the elytra on specimens of variegata is flattened, where as in pulchella it is more evenly convex). All specimens thus far examined are placed in the species Acmaeodera immaculata. Additional biological evidence supports beetles of A. immaculata as distinct from those of A. puchella comes from known host associations. Baker (1972) reports A. puchella beetles breeding in bald cypress in the southern and eastern states. Dying and freshly cut cypress may be subject to severe attack. Barr (1971) reports larvae of A. immaculata feeding on roots of of winter fat (Eurotia lanata (Pursh)). Adult Acmaeodera beetles in Alberta have been collected in close proximity to winter fat (1 to 2 meteres) while feeding on pollen in nearby flowers. No other trees or shrubs were within 0.5 km." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2982-Habitat 2982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grasslands. Barr (1971) report adults on flowers of Opuntia spp. and Sphaerlacea spp. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2982-LifeCycle 2982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle In Alberta adults are readily collected from cactus flowers (Opuntia spp.) and scarlet mallow.\n\n 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2982-TrophicStrategy 2982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported to feed on Erotia lanata in Idaho. This species of plant is wide spread, in the grasslands of Alberta and adult Acmaeodera beetles have been collected in close proximity. Barr (1971) reports adults on flowers of Opuntia spp. and Sphaerlacea spp. (mallow)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2983-ConservationStatus 2983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2983-Cyclicity 2983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2983-Distribution 2983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental in Canada and south to Mexico (Barr 1971, Baker 1972, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2983-GeneralDescription 2983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Many names have been used over the years for this large and variable species (Bright 1987). Most western populations were called Ch. angulicollis Leconte, the sculptured pine borer and eastern populations Ch. virginienis (Drury), the large flat headed pine heartwood borer. I am following Bright (1987) where he includes both forms under the name Ch. virginiensis. This species, is the largest buprestid known to occur in Alberta reaching a length of up to 30 mm. The solid black colour coupled with the unique sculpturing on the elytra distinguish this species from all other Buprestid species in Alberta." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2983-Habitat 2983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreal, jack pine forest." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2983-LifeCycle 2983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are known to oviposit around scars on living trees, on stumps and logs (Baker 1972). The specimens found near Clyde were resting on fire blackened trunks of jack pine, burned the previous year." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2983-TrophicStrategy 2983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In the literature the beetles are reported to feed on a wide variety of conifers including jack pine, lodgepole pine and Douglas fir (Barr 1971, Baker 1972, Bright 1987). In Alberta adults were associated with charred jack pine." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2984-ConservationStatus 2984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2984-Distribution 2984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan south to California (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2984-GeneralDescription 2984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The expanded pronotal margin is similar to beetles of D. crassicollis. The last abdominal segment is truncate in both sexes with two longitudinal smooth raised areas and a third shorter median one. 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2984-Habitat 2984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Chokecherry thickets. 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2984-LifeCycle 2984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Little is known. 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2984-TrophicStrategy 2984 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Known from various species of Prunus (includes chokecherry) (Nelson 1975). 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2985-ConservationStatus 2985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common, this species is frequently encountered basking on spruce and pine logs." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2985-Cyclicity 2985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June and July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2985-Distribution 2985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From near tree line in the north with a subspecies found as far south as Florida (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2985-GeneralDescription 2985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Dicerca tenebrosa is easily confused with other Dicerca species. The character combination of a short second segment on the antennae and the large tooth on the male's mesotibia is diagnostic. The head has an irregular raised area on the top, between the eyes. The rough sculpture of the elytra and pronotum is similar to beetles of D. crassicollis." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2985-Habitat 2985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2985-TrophicStrategy 2985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Breeds on most conifers, including white spruce, balsam fir, Douglas fir, lodgepole pine, limber pine, and jack pine (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3877-ConservationStatus 3877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rather uncommon and local species, but no obvious reasons for concern." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3877-Cyclicity 3877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta specimens have been collected from mid-July through the first week of August. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3877-Distribution 3877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Euxoa westermanni has a northern distribution, ranging from southern Greenland and eastern Labrador west to Great Slave Lake and central Yukon, south in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Louise, and to near Calling Lake in the boreal forest of central Alberta." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3877-GeneralDescription 3877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Euxoa westermanni is a medium-size Euxoa (FW length 15-17 mm) with dark red-brown, almost black, forewings with the basal two-thirds o the costa and the large orbicular and reniform spots contrasting pale rusty yellow-orange. The hindwings are sooty brown. The light rusty-orange center in the dark red-brown thorax is diagnostic. Euxoa westermanni is superficially most like E. castanea and E. idahoensis. In addition to genitalic differences it can be separated from castanea by the darker ground and the chestnut thorax, and from idahoensis by the smaller, less contrasting spots and the chestnut thorax." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3877-Habitat 3877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open coniferous forest in the mountains, foothills and boreal forest." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3877-LifeCycle 3877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, with adults flying in mid-summer. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are unknown." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3877-TrophicStrategy 3877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like most Euxoa species, the larvae are likely generalists on a variety of herbs." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3152-ConservationStatus 3152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Only one male collected to date. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3152-Cyclicity 3152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity One collection date of June 29. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3152-Distribution 3152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has only been collected from one location, Waterton National Park, Alberta." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3152-GeneralDescription 3152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adult antennae are deep red-brown with paler annular sutures. The vertex of the head is almost black; the lateral sutures and postero-lateral warts are paler. The dorsal process of segment 10 in males is small and finger-like. Segment 10 is also deeply v-clefted with rounded lobes (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3152-Habitat 3152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small, turbulent, rocky mountain creeks." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3152-TrophicStrategy 3152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2615-ConservationStatus 2615 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is known from less than 20 localities in Canada (Layberry et al. 1998) 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2615-Cyclicity 2615 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking from late May to mid June." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2615-Distribution 2615 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "As the name suggests, this blue is restricted primarily to the Rocky Mountain region, south to northwestern New Mexico, with a separate population occurring from central Washington to southeastern California (Opler 1999). In Canada, this species is restricted to southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2615-GeneralDescription 2615 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The blues with spotted undersides and orange marginal hindwing bands form a group of similar species, which include the Northern (Lycaeides idas), Melissa (L. melissa), Shasta (Icaricia shasta), and Acmon (I. acmon) blues. Ancilla and acmon are the only species with a dot in the mid-discal area (in addition to the dot at the distal end of the discal cell) of the forewing underside; To further separate ancilla from acmon, look at the wing fringe, which is checkered in ancilla and white in acmon, and the shiny, metallic scales on the hindwing marginal band are absent.\nThe Rocky Mountain Blue was considered to be a subspecies of E. enoptes (Boisduval) until recently (Pratt & Emmel 1998)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2615-Habitat 2615 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Steep and eroding valley sides of prairie rivers and sparsely vegetated prairie grassland. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2615-LifeCycle 2615 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No life history information is available for Alberta populations. The larvae vary in colour from pale yellow or white with brown markings, matching the flowers they feed on; pupae hibernate (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults are fast fliers, but stop to perch on the flowers of umbrella-plant and yellow composites (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2615-TrophicStrategy 2615 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on umbrella-plant (Eriogonum spp.) in the western US, and are associated with this plant in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3229-ConservationStatus 3229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common; serious pest of ornamental plantings of birch in our area (Baker 1972). 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3229-Cyclicity 3229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June, July and August." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3229-Distribution 3229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "North America, anywhere birch grows (Baker 1972)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3229-GeneralDescription 3229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species along with A. liragus are virtually identical in external appearance. The pronotum and top of the head often have brassy to coppery reflections. On beetles of liragus, there may be two pale pub sent spots on the elytra. Characters of the male genital apparatus will separate the species. The easiest diagnostic character if available is host association. These beetles are found on birch." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3229-Habitat 3229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Birch groves. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3229-LifeCycle 3229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults first start to emerge in late June and live about 3 weeks. Females oviposit on damaged or weakened trees, in crevices in the bark. Preference is given to exposed, open growing trees, often drought stressed. Eggs are deposited on branches or on the trunk, (usually larger than 25 mm in diameter). Larvae bore into the cambial area. If the tree is healthy it may overgrow the damage, if not the larval tunnelling may kill the branch. The larvae feed under the bark, entering the wood to moult. Pupation occurs in the wood just beneath the bark. Adult exit holes are ""D"" shaped (Ives and Wong, 1988)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3229-TrophicStrategy 3229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Restricted to birch trees, including paper birch, weeping birch and water birch." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3241-ConservationStatus 3241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3241-Cyclicity 3241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3241-Distribution 3241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found from Alberta through to Quebec in Canada and south through the United States (Bright, 1987)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3241-GeneralDescription 3241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "These beetles are similar to those of schaefferi in colour and body form. They differ by having pubescent elytral spots and a slightly broader body. From Downie and Arnett: Length 3.5-5.0 mm. Elongate-oblong, markedly tapering on apical 1/3, elytra arcuately narrowed behind humeri; blackish bronze shiny; front of head with broad, shallow, median impression, surface finely, sparsely puctate; pronotum uneven, 1/2 wider than long, slightly impressed transverse line near apex and indented triangular space each side on basal 1/2, surface finely, densely punctate with acattering of large punctures; elytra with 2 crossbars of white pubescence on apical 1/3, elytral strial punctures becoming obsolete apically.\n" 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3241-Habitat 3241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Bulrushes along rivers and steams. 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3241-LifeCycle 3241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In the spring and early summer, overwintered females may lay up to 5 eggs, (usually 1 or 2) on a bulrush stem. The eggs are tightly glued to a leaf, and adhere throughout the season. Eggs may be placed anywhere on the leaf and hatch in about 10 days. The first instar larvae forms a blotch mine and usually feeds in one direction. Mines vary from 62 to 170 cm in length. Before moulting the larvae return to the central portion of the mine. Larval feeding lasts for 3 to 4 weeks, and the pupal stage lasts about 10 days. The larvae pupate in the center of the stem. On emerging, adults feed, then disperse later in the fall to overwintering sites (Chapman, 1923)." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3241-TrophicStrategy 3241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported from flood plain bulrush (Scripus fulviatilis) in New York state (Chapman, 1923). In Alberta, adults are readily found when sweeping bulrushes (Scirpus spp.) along the shores of the South Saskatchewan River and along side streams." 7/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4206-ConservationStatus 4206 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4206-Cyclicity 4206 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Early July to late August. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4206-Distribution 4206 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "BC east to Nova Scotia, south to Missouri, New Mexico and California (McGuffin 1977)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4206-GeneralDescription 4206 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized, predominantly yellow geometrid with few dark markings on the wing. It can generally be recognized by the rich yellow colour, with a large, prominent maroon-brown discal spot. The AM and PM lines are usually reduced to dashes at the costa, but some specimens have a more continuous line visible." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4206-Habitat 4206 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Shrubby areas of dry mixedwood and conifer forests. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4206-LifeCycle 4206 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are described in detail by McGuffin (1977), and the larva is illustrated in Ives & Wong (1988) and Wagner et al. (2001). \n\n" 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4206-TrophicStrategy 4206 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a wide variety of trees and shrubs, but prefer rosaceous shrubs such as cherries (Prunus spp.), roses (Rosa spp), juneberry (Amelanchier spp.), and Shrubby Cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa). The egg overwinters (McGuffin 1977)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5272-ConservationStatus 5272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/05 0:00 11/10/14 9:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5272-Cyclicity 5272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults first appear in mid June and are present throughout July. 1/27/05 0:00 11/10/14 9:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5272-Distribution 5272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Mainly associated with boreal, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence and Acadian forest regions where balsam fir and white spruce are found. Ranges from the Atlantic provinces to the Rocky Mountains in Alberta and northward to the Arctic circle in the Mackenzie River valley and the Yukon (Harvey 1984)." 1/27/05 0:00 11/10/14 9:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5272-GeneralDescription 5272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Mature larvae are 20-22 mm long, yellowish brown with black heads. Adults with grey head and thorax, rarely reddish brown in females. Forewing typically gray with suffused, indistinct markings. Males occasionally and females more commonly have reddish brown hue. Hind wing uniformly dark brown or grayish black. Fringe whitish with dark basal line. Wingspan: males 21-26 mm, females 22-30 mm. For more detailed information see Freeman (1967). Color and pattern of the forewing can vary significantly and morphological resemblances among conifer-feeding Choristoneura make it very difficult to distinguish species using external morphological characteristics (Dang 1985). To identify species, other characters should be considered such as genitalia (Dang 1985, Dang 1992), mitochondrial DNA (Sperling & Hickey 1995) or behavioural characteristics such as host plant preference, larval diapause or pheromone attraction." 1/27/05 0:00 11/10/14 9:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5272-Habitat 5272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and white spruce (Picea glauca) forests. 1/27/05 0:00 11/10/14 9:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5272-LifeCycle 5272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Female adult lays up to 200 eggs during a two week period in July. Eggs are laid in masses of 15-50 that resemble overlapping green scales along undersides of needles. Eggs hatch in 10 days and larvae spin silken hibernation shelters under bark scales, lichens or in old staminate flower cups to overwinter (Cerezke 1991, EPPO 2004). Larvae emerge from hibernation the following year from late April to mid May just before vegetative buds begin expanding. They mine into old needles, unopened buds, or feed on staminate flowers. Eventually they move to opening buds where they produce a silken cover to feed under. Larvae spin loose webs among the needles which they use to move to new foliage as the shoots expand. Larvae drop to lower branches or remain in feeding webs to pupate after the sixth larval instar. Adults emerge approximately 10 days after pupation. One generation per year (EPPO 2004)." 1/27/05 0:00 11/10/14 9:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5272-TrophicStrategy 5272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Principal hosts are balsam fir and white spruce but will also feed on black (Picea mariana), red (Picea rubens), Norway (Picea abies), Engelmann (Picea engelmannii), and Colorado (Picea pungens) spruce, as well as hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), larch (Larix laricina, Larix occidentalis) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) (Harvey 1984, Cerezke 1991)." 1/27/05 0:00 11/10/14 9:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4170-ConservationStatus 4170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4170-Cyclicity 4170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected in late July and August. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4170-Distribution 4170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Another Euxoa species found in the western mountain coniferous forest. E. lewisi ranges from western Alberta across much of BC, south to the Cascades of eastern OR, central CO and UT. Ssp. juliae occurs in California. In Alberta, it has been taken in the mountains from Jasper National Park south to Calgary." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4170-GeneralDescription 4170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized moth (FW length 14-19 mm) with grey-brown to red-brown forewings and smoky brown hindwings. The normal lines are obsolete, but there may be a dark diffuse median line in some specimens. The oval orbicular spot is almost as large as the reniform. The spots often have an incomplete buff line inside the outline. The area between the orbicular and the reniform is darker black or red-brown, and is the most prominent mark on the forewings. The male genitalia are characterized by the broad, almost bowl-shaped sacculus, saccular extensions almost conical and stouter than harpes and about 1/2 the length of the harpes. In similarly marked species the sacculus is narrower and crescentic and the saccular extensions are as thin as or thinner than the harpes." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4170-Habitat 4170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Higher elevation montane and subalpine coniferous forest. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4170-LifeCycle 4170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light, and there is a single annual brood." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4170-TrophicStrategy 4170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4172-ConservationStatus 4172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species occasionally reaching pest status; no concerns." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4172-Cyclicity 4172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in Alberta mid July-late September, with the peak in late August." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4172-Distribution 4172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to Yukon, south to Virginia and Missouri in the east and New Mexico, Arizona and California in the west. In Alberta messoria has been collected throughout the southern half of the province." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4172-GeneralDescription 4172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.2-3.6 cm wingspan) brownish-grey moth. Male antennae are strongly biserrate and bifasculate; female simple. Head and thorax even grey-brown without contrasting prothoracic collar. The basal, antemedian and postmedian lines on the forewings usually well marked and doubled, the later narrowly toothed at the veins. The orbicular and reniform spots are well defined, with the orbicular a large oval. A median line or shade is often present. The terminal area is narrowly darker than the remainder of the wing. Fringe concolorous with wing. Hindwing white in male, shading to light smoky-brown on the margin, more extensively dark shaded in females. There is a small discal dot, the veins are narrowly lined with brown scales, and the fringe is mostly white.\n\nForm ""atrifera"" lacks the cross-lines on the forewings and has a broad black basal dash and a black streak before and between the orbicular and reniform, and the costa is often contrasting paler than the remainder of the wing. \n\nMessoria belongs to the subgenus Longivesica, characterized by the extremely long vesica in the male and by the very long appendix bursae, twice the length of the corpus bursae, in females. Lafontaine (1987) provides keys to the subgenera and species of Euxoa>, and illustrates the genitalia of both sexes.\n" 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4172-Habitat 4172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas such as grasslands, cultivated areas and clearings." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4172-LifeCycle 4172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single brood each year, with the eggs over wintering. The larvae are climbing cutworms, sometimes damaging small trees and becoming pests on various crops. The larvae are active in spring and early summer. The prepupal period is reported to be variable in length (Crumb, 1956). Adults and larvae are both nocturnal, and adults are attracted to both sugar baits and light." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4172-TrophicStrategy 4172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A wide variety of plants in many families, including tobacco, corn and a wide variety of vegetables. The larvae prefer broad-leaved plants, but also consume grasses and corn seedlings." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2921-ConservationStatus 2921 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of no concern. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2921-Cyclicity 2921 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to September. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2921-Distribution 2921 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species that is widespread across southern Canada and in the northern part half of the United States. In Alberta, it occurs throughout the prairies and the aspen parkland." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2921-GeneralDescription 2921 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large crambid (23-33 mm wingspan). Forewings varying from brown to pale ochreous, lighter in the lower half, surface sprinkled with dark brown scales; with dark lines from the base through the cell and a dark area closer to the margin; with an oblique line from the cell to the apex; terminal line with 4-5 dark dots; fringes steel gray cut by four or five white lines. Hind wings light brown to pale grayish white, fringe whitish. Distinguished from the other Pediasia species by the combination of dark areas in the forewing and the lighter fringe which is cut by white lines. Worn specimens can be hard to identify. The male genitalia are illustrated in Landry (1995). Pediasia aridella edmontella also has white streaks in the fringe and outer margin of the forewing but it lacks the pronounced dark lines." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2921-Habitat 2921 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland areas. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2921-LifeCycle 2921 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The early stages have been described by Felt (1894) and Ainslie (1927). May be two brooded. It can cause economic damage to lawns. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2921-TrophicStrategy 2921 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No local information, but said to be grass by Fernald (1896)." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3044-ConservationStatus 3044 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status May be a pest of canola (Burgess and Weegar 1988). 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3044-Cyclicity 3044 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3044-Distribution 3044 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, B.C. N.W.T. Greenland (Chiasson 1986), U.S., Europe, and the former U.S.S.R. (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3044-GeneralDescription 3044 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 1.2 to 1.8mm in length and is dark brown. The foretibiae are yellow apically and basally. The forewings are pale and sometimes shaded with gray beyond the wing base and at the apex. The antennae are brown while the apex of segment 2, all of segment 3, and the base of segment 4 are yellow. The head is broader than long and the cheeks are strongly arched. Ocellar setae pair 3 is posterolaterad of the anterior ocellus and the antennae are 8 segmented. The pronotum is covered with transverse anastamosing lines of sculpture, and has 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae. There are 2 anteromedial campaniform sensilla present on the mesonotum, and 2 campaniform sensilla (occasionally 1 or none) on the metanotum. The forewing has 3 distal setae (occasionally 4 or 2) on the forevein. Tergite 2 has 3 lateral setae. Tergite 8 has a complete posteromarginal comb in which the microtrichia are closely set, but irregular in length. Tergite 9 has 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla. Abdominal sternites 6 and 7 each have 1 to 3 accessory setae. On males, the glandular areas on sternites 3 to 7 are transversely elongate (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3044-Habitat 3044 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Polyphagous; and commonly on Taraxacum officinale, Salix." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3044-LifeCycle 3044 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species prefers to breed in white flowers (Moritz et al 2001). 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3044-TrophicStrategy 3044 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2959-ConservationStatus 2959 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2959-Cyclicity 2959 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2959-Distribution 2959 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Yukon (Chiasson 1986)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2959-GeneralDescription 2959 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2959-Habitat 2959 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Artemesia sp., dry prairie, grass heads (Chiasson 1986)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2959-LifeCycle 2959 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2959-TrophicStrategy 2959 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2960-ConservationStatus 2960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2960-Cyclicity 2960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2960-Distribution 2960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Nova Scotia (Chiasson 1986)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2960-GeneralDescription 2960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2960-Habitat 2960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Eleagnus commutata (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2960-LifeCycle 2960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2960-TrophicStrategy 2960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2963-ConservationStatus 2963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2963-Cyclicity 2963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2963-Distribution 2963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Alberta (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2963-GeneralDescription 2963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2963-Habitat 2963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dwarf birch in a bog (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2963-LifeCycle 2963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2963-TrophicStrategy 2963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Feeds on fungal mycelium (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2966-ConservationStatus 2966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2966-Cyclicity 2966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Illinois, collected year-round (hibernating in forest leaf mold in winter) (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2966-Distribution 2966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Ontario (Chiasson 1986), Eastern U.S. (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2966-GeneralDescription 2966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies between 2.2mm and 3mm in length and is mainly dark brown. Antennal segments 3 to 8 are bright yellow, though segments 7 and 8 may be shaded with brown. The tarsi may be brown and the wings are colourless except for a brown median streak near the wing scale. The head is longer than wide and the postocular setae are long with the ends blunt to dilated. Antennal segment 3 has 1 outer sense cone, and segment 4 has 1 inner and 2 outer sense cones. All major setae on the prothorax are long and well developed, and are blunt to dilated. Males and females are macropterous. The metanotum has longitudinal striations, and the forewings have 10 to 14 accessory fringe cilia. The pelta is triangular to bell shaped, and the major posterior setae on abdominal tergite 9 are long and pointed. On males, abdominal sternite 8 has a broad glandular area that covers most of the ventral surface of the segment (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2966-Habitat 2966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Basswood, Viburnum leaves (Chiasson 1986), hickory and grape (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2966-LifeCycle 2966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2966-TrophicStrategy 2966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Feeds on the leaves of its host plants (Mound and Marullo 1996). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2967-ConservationStatus 2967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2967-Cyclicity 2967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2967-Distribution 2967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson 1986), Illinois (Stannard 1968), North Dakota (Thomasson and Post 1966)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2967-GeneralDescription 2967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies from 1.7mm to 2.4mm in length and is mainly dark brown. The antennae are light brown to yellowish brown, the apices of the fore femora and tibiae are yellow, and the fore tarsi are yellowish to yellow. The head is somewhat longer than broad and ocelli are present though the fore ocellus may be reduced in brachypters. The postocular setae are moderate in size and pointed. Antennal segment 3 has 1 outer sense cone, and segment 4 has 1 inner and 1 outer sense cone. The mouth cone is pointed to almost blunt. The major setae on the prothorax are well developed and blunt to pointed. The metanotum is covered with weak, longitudinally oriented hexagonal reticulations and the fore tarsi lack teeth. Males are brachypterous, and females are brachypterous or macropterous. Macropterous specimens have wings that are colourless except for a brown area at the extreme base of the wing. The pelta is broadly triangular, the wing holding setae are not well developed in brachypters, and the tube is short (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2967-Habitat 2967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat On the leaves of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2967-LifeCycle 2967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2967-TrophicStrategy 2967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Leaf feeder (Mound and Marullo 1996). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2608-ConservationStatus 2608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2608-Cyclicity 2608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking in late June to early July." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2608-Distribution 2608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan south to Colorado and east-central California (Opler 1999). 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2608-GeneralDescription 2608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The underside pattern and small size are most similar to the Acmon Blue (I. acmon). Shasta, however, lacks the spot in the middle of the discal cell of the forewing underside; Shasta also has much smaller orange spots on the hindwing underside margin than both the Acmon and Melissa Blue (Lycaeides melissa).\nAlternative nomenclature at the genus level is presented by Balint & Johnson (1997) and Gorbunov (2001)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2608-Habitat 2608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie badlands and sparsely vegetated hill- and ridge tops. 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2608-LifeCycle 2608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is no information available for Canadian populations. In the western US, the larva is variously coloured brown, white or green with darker dorsal and lateral stripes and oblique brown stripes, or solid green (Scott 1986). Pupae, which are often attached to the underside of a rock by a silk girdle, are equally variable in colour, ranging from tan to green (Scott 1986). The life cycle takes two years to complete in the US, hibernating as eggs and again as mautre larvae (Scott 1986)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2608-TrophicStrategy 2608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a variety of legumes in the US, including species of Astragalus, Oxytropis, Trifolium and Lupinus (Scott 1986). Adults nectar at yellow composites (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/28/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2986-ConservationStatus 2986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2986-Cyclicity 2986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2986-Distribution 2986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from the Pacific Northwest area south to California (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2986-GeneralDescription 2986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Easily confused with beetles of D. tenebrosa. Beetles have a weak transverse ridge between the eyes. Males have simple mesotibia and females have a weakly tridentate last ventral abdominal segment. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2986-Habitat 2986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montaine. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2986-TrophicStrategy 2986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Recorded from Douglas fir, pines and other conifers (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2987-ConservationStatus 2987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2987-Cyclicity 2987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2987-Distribution 2987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily an eastern species following the boreal forest west into Alberta, and south in eastern North America to Iowa (Bright 1987, Nelson 1975)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2987-GeneralDescription 2987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species may be distinguished from other Alberta species of Dicerca by the lack of smooth areas on the elytra and pitted appearance of the elytral striae. The specimen examined, is different from most other Dicerca I have seen, it has a white scutellum. The usual scutellum colour is black." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2987-Habitat 2987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2987-LifeCycle 2987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2987-TrophicStrategy 2987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown, the species has been taken in association with jack pine (Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2632-ConservationStatus 2632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The status of this species in Alberta is unknown since it has not been seen here since 1925. 2/4/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2632-Cyclicity 2632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June 25 is the only Alberta date. To be expected from late June to early August. 2/4/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2632-Distribution 2632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Occurs from extreme southern BC (Okanagan valley) and AB south to northern California and Colorado (Opler 1999). The Alberta record is based on a single specimen collected near Waterton Lake in 1925 (Bird et al. 1995). 2/4/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2632-GeneralDescription 2632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This hairstreak is unusual in that it looks and acts more like a blue than a hairstreak. Both sexes have an unmarked, brown dorsum, and are most likely to be confused with female blues, particularly Boisduval's Blue (Icaricia icarioides). Sooty Hairstreaks, however, lack the flush of metallic blue-green scales at the base of the hindwing underside found in Boisduval's; the ventral forewing markings of fuliginosum are also more faint. Subspecies semiluna Klots presumably occurs in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995)." 2/4/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2632-Habitat 2632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry montane meadows. Should be looked for near lupines. 2/4/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2632-LifeCycle 2632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are undescribed. Presumably overwinters in the egg stage (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The Sooty hairstreak is rare to uncommon throughout its range (Layberry et al. 1998). Unlike other hairstreak species, males of the Sooty exhibit patrolling rather than perching behaviour to locate females." 2/4/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2632-TrophicStrategy 2632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Based on observations of females ovipositing on lupines (Lupinus spp.) in the US, this is the presumed larval foodplant throughout the range (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2633-ConservationStatus 2633 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The Peace River populations are globally unique and have a restricted geographic range. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2633-Cyclicity 2633 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The single yearly brood flies from mid June to early August, peaking in mid-July." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2633-Distribution 2633 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The core of this species' range is the eastern continental US, occuring from northern Florida west to Colorado and the AB-BC Peace River valley (Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2633-GeneralDescription 2633 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is the only Alberta hairstreak with a loose, banded underside pattern. There are several subspecies attributed to the provincial fauna, with aliparops found in the southern prairies and fletcheri inhabiting the northern prairies and parklands. The Peace River populations belong to an unnamed subspecies (Bird et al. 1995)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2633-Habitat 2633 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found near shrub thickets, often along prairie coulees and valley sides." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2633-LifeCycle 2633 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva is green with a yellowish dorsal stripe and yellow oblique bands (Layberry et al. 1998). Eggs overwinter, and pupation occurs in mid-June in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2633-TrophicStrategy 2633 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval foodplants are presumed to be rosaceous shrubs in western Canada, including saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia) and cherry (Prunus spp.) (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3117-ConservationStatus 3117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare? 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3117-Cyclicity 3117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been recorded on June 25. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3117-Distribution 3117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This specie is only known from Grand Prairie in Alberta (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3117-GeneralDescription 3117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are reddish brown with darker scapes. Vertex of the head is deep red-brown with paler warts. Spurs are straw-coloured. In males, the clasper is without a ventral base and trapezoidal in shape. The cercus is short and roughly rectangular. Segment 10 processes are longer than the cercus. The processes are curved, tapered dorsad and slender (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3117-Habitat 3117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Uncertain. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3117-LifeCycle 3117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3117-TrophicStrategy 3117 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are detritovores. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2793-ConservationStatus 2793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern since the habitat is secure. 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2793-Cyclicity 2793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Single-brooded, usually in mid July, several weeks earlier or later depending on winter snowpack." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2793-Distribution 2793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Alberta Fritillary has one of the most restricted ranges of any North American Fritillary, and is found only in the front ranges of the Alberta and BC Rockies, south to northern Montana (Layberry et al. 1998)." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2793-GeneralDescription 2793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The dusky, smudged brown and dull-orange appearance of this fritillary is shared with B. improba, which is much smaller (28 - 35 mm vs. 35 - 45 mm). The Astarte Fritillary (B. astarte) is also found in B. alberta's lofty habitat, but is brighter orange with a more well-marked hindwing underside. B. alberta also has shorter, thicker antennae than astarte." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2793-Habitat 2793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, sparsely vegetated alpine tundra." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2793-LifeCycle 2793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The early stages are undescribed. The life cycle takes 2 years to complete, as this species is found only in odd-numbered years at some sites, and even-numbered years at others (Guppy & Shepard 2001). In Alberta, It flies every year on Plateau Mountain, but all available records between the Kananaskis Lakes and the Columbia Icefields are from even years, while those from the Cardinal Divide region are from odd years. \nMales fly to rocky ridgetops and prominences. Despite their leisurely flight, they can be difficult to approach because of the steep, rough terrain they often frequent. Females tend to be more sedentary and are usually found at slightly lower elevations." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2793-TrophicStrategy 2793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "It has been suggested that the larval host is Mountain Avens (Dryas octopetala), based on oviposition in the lab (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The foodplant under natural conditions remains to be confirmed. Adults nectar at Dryas spp. And Moss Campion (Silene acaulis) (Bird et al. 1995)." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2794-ConservationStatus 2794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern since the habitat is secure. 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2794-Cyclicity 2794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking in July." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2794-Distribution 2794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The nominate subspecies is found from northeastern BC to northern Washington and northwestern Montana; B. astarte distincta, possibly a species separate from astarte (Layberry et al. 1998), occurs from northwestern BC to Alaska (Scott 1986)." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2794-GeneralDescription 2794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is a large Boloria; the upperside is bright orange with a well-defined, crisp, black pattern. The silvery white hindwing underside median band, and overall brighter colour, will disintguish it from B. alberta. \nThe Astarte Fritillary was described from specimens collected at Rock Lake near Jasper. It has been treated as a subspecies of the European B. tritonia by some authors (eg. Guppy & Shepard 2001) due to the apparent absence of disinguishing morphological traits between the two; more evidence is however needed to support this interpretation." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2794-Habitat 2794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry alpine tundra, scree slopes and rocky ridges." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2794-LifeCycle 2794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are undescribed. The life cycle takes two years to complete, the larva overwintering in the early instars and again when mature (Guppy & Shepard 2001). As a result this species flies only in odd- or even-numbered years at some localities. In Alberta, it flies every year at Plateau Mountain, but has only been recorded in odd-numbered years in the Cardinal Divide area. \nMales hilltop, and fly rapidly along alpine ridges and peaks." 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2794-TrophicStrategy 2794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on Spotted Saxifrage (Saxifraga bronchialis) in the Canadian Rockies (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Adults nectar at mountain avens (Dryas spp.) (Bird et al. 1995). 3/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2865-ConservationStatus 2865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2865-Cyclicity 2865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to the end of July. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2865-Distribution 2865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution A North American species described from the Kootenay region of British Columbia (Dyar 1904). First reported for Alberta from Lethbridge (Kearfott 1905) then Bowman (1951) recorded it from the Waterton area. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2865-GeneralDescription 2865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A smallish crambid (18-20 wingspan). The forewing very pale ochraceous with orange-brown scales arranged in lines along the spaces between the veins; terminal line with a row of seven brown dots, lacking a distinct yellowish-orange shade. Hind wing pale gray. Similar to Agriphila ruricolella but the latter lacks an antemedial (AM) line, and when present, the line that parallels the termen does not curve inward lower down (see image). The genitalia of Agriphila plumbifimbriella and Agriphila ruricolella are very similar. Agriphila ruricolella is also close to A. vulgivagella but the latter is larger and the front of the head is produced and conical while the front is flattened in ruricolella (McDaniel et al 1984)." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2865-Habitat 2865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native grassland areas in the mountains and foothills of southwestern Alberta. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2865-LifeCycle 2865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2865-TrophicStrategy 2865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown but probably grass roots. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2866-ConservationStatus 2866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common, of no concern." 4/9/03 0:00 2/11/15 14:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2866-Cyclicity 2866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July and August. 4/9/03 0:00 2/11/15 14:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2866-Distribution 2866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Fernald (1896) has it from Ontario, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois. Also in Missouri (Forbes 1923), South Dakota (McDaniel et al 1986), and Michigan where Scholtens (1996) mentions that it is a common species of weedy areas, and Quebec and Labrador (Handfield 1997). In Alberta, Bowman (1951) has it from the aspen parkland and the Nordegg area and Macaulay & Pohl (2002) have it from the Canadian Shield." 4/9/03 0:00 2/11/15 14:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2866-GeneralDescription 2866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A smallish crambid (18-20 wingspan). The forewing very pale ochraceous with orange-brown scales arranged in lines along the spaces between the veins; terminal line with a row of seven brown dots. Hind wing pale gray. Similar to Agriphila plumbifimbriella but an antemedial (AM) line may be present, and when present, the line that paralles the termen curves inwards lower down (see image). The genitalia of Agriphila plumbifimbriella and Agriphila ruricolella are very similar. Agriphila ruricolella is also close to A. vulvivagella but the latter is larger and has a front that is produced and conical while the front of the head is flattened in ruricolella (McDaniel et al 1984)." 4/9/03 0:00 2/11/15 14:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2866-Habitat 2866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grasslands throughout Alberta. 4/9/03 0:00 2/11/15 14:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2866-LifeCycle 2866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The early stages have been described by Felt (1894). Single brooded. 4/9/03 0:00 2/11/15 14:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2866-TrophicStrategy 2866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No local information. Fernald (1896) mentions that the larvae feed of grass and sheep sorrel. 4/9/03 0:00 2/11/15 14:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2590-ConservationStatus 2590 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No conservation concerns. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2590-Cyclicity 2590 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight activity is in late June to early July. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2590-Distribution 2590 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Alberta east to Manitoba and south to Texas (Opler 1999). There is a disjunct population in the Peace River parkland. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2590-GeneralDescription 2590 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This small skipper (wingspan 19 - 25 mm) is most likely to be confused with the European Skipper (Thymelicus lineola). Garita has a greenish hindwing underside with pale-coloured venation, while the European Skipper has an orange-brown hindwing underside without marked veins. The upperside is tawny brown, compared to bright orange-brown with dark veins in lineola." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2590-Habitat 2590 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Parkland and prairie grasslands, particularly native fescue and mixed grass prairie." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2590-LifeCycle 2590 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg has been variously reported as being green (Bird et al. 1995) or creamy white (Gibson 1910); larvae are green with pale lines and bands, with short black bristles on the head and body (Gibson 1910, Bird et al. 1995); the overwintering stage is either as a partially grown (Bird et al. 1995) or mature larva (Gibson 1910, Scott 1986). There is one generation annually." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2590-TrophicStrategy 2590 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host plant has not been recorded in Canada; Larvae will eat Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) in captivity (Gibson 1910). Adults take nectar at flowers of legumes (Hooper 1973), and at Polygala alba, Potentilla fruticosa, and Oxytropis lambertii in North Dakota (McCabe & Post 1977)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2591-ConservationStatus 2591 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Both subspecies are currently ranked as S2 (ANHIC 2000). 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2591-Cyclicity 2591 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One generation per year, with flight activity peaking in mid- to late August." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2591-Distribution 2591 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central B.C., southern Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan south to Baja California, Mexico and northern New Mexico (Opler 1999). The Woodland Skipper appears to have expanded its Alberta range northward over the past 20 years (Kondla 2001, Schmidt et al. 2003)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2591-GeneralDescription 2591 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Most likely to be confused with our Polites skippers, particularly mystic and themistocles. Sylvanoides can be separated from themistocles by the hindwing underside, which is brownish yellow, not dark tawny-brown as in themistocles. The Woodland Skipper flies later in the year than P. mystic, and the dark marginal border of the forewing upperside is jagged and well defined, not blending into the orange median area as in mystic.\nSubspecies sylvanoides (extreme southwestern Alberta) is slightly darker and smaller than the prairie subspecies napa (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2591-Habitat 2591 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open, shrubby areas and grasslands in the southern mountains and prairies." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2591-LifeCycle 2591 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is undescribed. First instar larvae overwinter, and are cream in colour with a black head (Bird et al. 1995). Mature larvae have variously been described as yellowish with two dark bands (Bird et al. 1995) or seven black longitudinal lines (Opler 1999). The head is black or creamy tan (Opler 1999). Pupae are yellowish tan in colour (Bird et al. 1995). Unlike many grass skippers (Hesperiinae), Woodland Skippers are much more easily approached and can be observed at close range." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2591-TrophicStrategy 2591 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy There are no specific literature records for the grass species the larvae feed on; broad-leaved grasses are often cited (Opler 1999). Adults are fond of nectaring at composites (Compositeae) such as thistles (Cirsium) and knapweed (Centaurea). 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2557-ConservationStatus 2557 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2557-Cyclicity 2557 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Single- to multi-brooded, depending on the habitat, flying from April into September." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2557-Distribution 2557 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Western White ranges from Alaska to western Ontario, south to California and New Mexico (Opler 1999)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2557-GeneralDescription 2557 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Western White along with the other two Pontia whites, form a group of very similar species. The Spring White (Pontia sisymbrii) is easiest to distinguish; the dark vein markings on the hindwing underside are not connected laterally, and it occurs only in montane woodlands and extreme northern Alberta. The Western and Checkered White (P. protodice) are more difficult to separate. Males of the Western are more heavily marked than the Checkered, particularly on the underside. Females of both species have heavier markings than the males, but these markings are brown in P. protodice, not charcoal or black. Another characteristic is found on the underside of the forewing apex: P. occidentalis has the dark submarginal band connected with dark markings along the veins to the wing margin, P. protodice has only pale yellow scales here.\nIndividuals of the spring generation are smaller and have darker underside markings. Alberta populations are the nominate subspecies. \n" 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2557-Habitat 2557 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Non-forested habitats throughout the province, particularly grasslands and alpine meadows." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2557-LifeCycle 2557 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are a dull orange colour. Mature larvae are blue-grey with a yellow dorsal and lateral stripe, and many black dots. Pupae are light grey with small black spots, and overwinter (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001). Males display hilltopping behaviour, and can sometimes be found on mountain peaks over 3000m. In the mountains, there is only one brood that emerges in late spring, but there are two (sometimes a partial third) broods at lower elevations (Bird et al. 1995). This is our most common species of Pontia." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2557-TrophicStrategy 2557 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Although this is often a very common species, there are no larval foodplant records for Alberta. Wild mustards (Brassicaeae) are recorded elsewhere, including Lepidium, Cleome, Draba, Sisymbrium and Thlaspi (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3522-ConservationStatus 3522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3522-Cyclicity 3522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3522-Distribution 3522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986), North Dakota, Oregon (Mound, 1974)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3522-GeneralDescription 3522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies around 2.5mm in length, and is blackish brown. The legs are yellowish, antennal segment 1 and the basal two thirds of segment 2 are concolourous with the head. The first third of segment 2, all of segments 3 and 4, and the basal half of segment 5 are concolorous with the legs. The apical one half to one third of segment 5 and the remaining segments are concolorous with the head. The head is longer than wide and slightly produced in front of the eyes. The dorsum of the head is somewhat subreticulate along the base and sides, and the cheeks are serrated. Antennal segment 3 has 1 inner and 1 outer sense cone, segment 4 has 2 inner and 2 outer sense cones. The mouth cone is short and broadly rounded. The pronotum is about 0.6 the length of the head, and nearly smooth, with few striae along the lateral and posterior margins. The tube is about 0.8 the length of the head (Thomasson and Post, 1966)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3522-Habitat 3522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grass (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3522-LifeCycle 3522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3522-TrophicStrategy 3522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Fungal spores (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2623-ConservationStatus 2623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2623-Cyclicity 2623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two broods per year, flying mid to late June and again in August." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2623-Distribution 2623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Ontario west to southern BC, south to Californnia, New Mexico and the western Great Lakes States (Opler 1999)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2623-GeneralDescription 2623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Purplish and Dorcas Coppers can be difficult to distinguish; The Dorcas Copper is slightly smaller, usually with a wingspan of 25 mm or more (23 to 33 mm). The orange band on the hindwing upperside is reduced in Dorcas, and the dark border of the forewing is wider. The forewing shape is not as pointed a sit is in helloides. Females of helloides have more orange on the upperside." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2623-Habitat 2623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moist meadows, wetland edges and weedy places where docks (Rumex) grow." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2623-LifeCycle 2623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is white and round, the top and bottom slightly flattened; it is the overwintering stage of the second generation (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The mature larva is apple green with a yellow lateral line and light brown head. The pupa is initially green, turning brown as it ages (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2623-TrophicStrategy 2623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on docks (Rumex spp.) and knotweed (Polygonum spp.), both member of the family Polygonaceae (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults mud-puddle and visit flowers (Hooper 1973)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3855-ConservationStatus 3855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread pest species; no concerns. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3855-Cyclicity 3855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity " In Alberta, adults are on the wing from mid May through September, with the peak flight in July and" 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3855-Distribution 3855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in western North America, north to the Northwest Territories and south to Northern Mexico, east on occasion to Michigan, Illinois and Missouri and Texas." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3855-GeneralDescription 3855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large (4.0-4.5 cm wingspan) grey-brown moth, one of the largest Euxoa. There are several forms of adults; the most common with a black basal dash, black between the orbicular and reniform spot, a contrasting paler grey or yellow costa and a pale streak beyond the claviform spot. A less common form has an evenly-colored pale grey or pale brown forewing. Yet another form has dark brown forewings with white outlined reniform and orbicular spots. \n\nAuxiliaris belongs to the subgenus Chorizagrotis, characterized by long, apically spatulate saccular extension and short harpes. The only other member of the subgenus in Alberta is E. adumbrata, which can be separated by it's longer harpes (more than 5 times as long as wide vs 3 times in auxiliaris).\n" 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3855-Habitat 3855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasslands, croplands, meadows and other open habitats, including alpine." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3855-LifeCycle 3855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "After emerging in late spring or early summer, the adults migrate to higher, cooler elevation for the summer, returning in late summer and early fall to lay eggs, which hatch after a suitable rain. Eggs are laid directly onto the soil, with bare soils such as cultivated or overgrazed areas being preferred. The eggs hatch after a suitable rain, and they overwinter as partly grown larvae. The larvae resume feeding in the spring, pupate, and the adults emerge in late spring early summer. The larvae feed above ground at night and on cool days, hiding in the soil or under clods during the day. Many of the adults which emerge in spring migrate to high elevations to aestivate, returning to the lowland to lay eggs in late summer and fall. There is but a single brood of long-lived adults each year. Auxiliaris make up a large portion of the masses of moths that aestivate in rockslides in the mountains in Wyoming and Montana, and which are an important seasonal food for grizzly bears." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3855-TrophicStrategy 3855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A wide variety of plants and nearly all field crops including wheat, alfalfa, barley, potato, sugarbeets, other vegetables and grasses (Hein et al, undated). They have been found to prefer broad-leaved weeds over wheat in wheat fields (Peairs, 1999)" 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4175-ConservationStatus 4175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species; no concerns. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4175-Cyclicity 4175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-June through early August, the main flight in July." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4175-Distribution 4175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Great Plains, from western Manitoba west to the foothills, north to the Northwest Territories and south to central Colorado. In Alberta it has been collected from the southern edge of the boreal forest to the Milk River, and west to Nordegg and Kananaskis country." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4175-GeneralDescription 4175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-3.9 cm wingspan) grey-brown moth. Forewings grey-brown peppered with darker scales. Transverse lines somewhat obscured, doubled, erratic and filled with lighter brown, and with the postmedian line toothed distally at the veins. The area beyond the postmedian line is lighter and the terminal area is dark, with brown fringe. The round orbicular and the reniform are prominent, dark rimmed and filled with contrasting paler scales and dark brown centers. The hind wings are smoky brown, paler toward the base, with a small discal spot and white fringe with a light brown base. Similar to E. pleuritica, but with darker more evenly colored grey-brown wings lacking contrasting paler coppery areas. The male saccular extensions are much shorter in pestula than in pleuritica. Also very similar to some forms of tessellata. Tessellata males have thin cylindrical tips on the saccular extension, while those of pestula are flattened and blade-like." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4175-Habitat 4175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands and dry open cultivated and wooded areas. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4175-LifeCycle 4175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single brood each year. Adults are attracted to light. Larvae are known only from lab-reared material. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4175-TrophicStrategy 4175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Most members of the genus are generalists on low-growing broad-leaved plants. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4189-ConservationStatus 4189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4189-Cyclicity 4189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta from late June through late July. 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4189-Distribution 4189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "YT to Labrador, south to NY and NC in the east (Forbes 1948)." 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4189-GeneralDescription 4189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This group of Dysstroma, consisting of D. truncata, suspectata, walkerata, and citrata, form a complex of species which are often difficult to distinguish without resorting to examining the genitalic characters. Forewing colouration is variable. Most similar to and difficult to distinguish from D, citrata; D. truncata flies earlier, and has a brighter, more contrasting orange-brown subapical patch, and the brown AM band usually appears as a more well-defined semi-circle at the anal margin - in citrata, this semi-circle is not apparent as the band is more continuous.\nThe North American subspecies is transversata (Kellicott). McDunnough (1946) illustrates the male and female genitalia.\n" 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4189-Habitat 4189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forests; aspen parkland. 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4189-LifeCycle 4189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Little data available; the brief information in Forbes (1948) under this species is questionable due to confusion with other species. Adults come to light. 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4189-TrophicStrategy 4189 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a wide variety of plants, including herbs, shrubs coniferous and deciduous trees." 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4190-ConservationStatus 4190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4190-Cyclicity 4190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta mid to late July. 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4190-Distribution 4190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution YT and BC east to Quebec and Labrador (McDunnough 1946). 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4190-GeneralDescription 4190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This group of Dysstroma, consisting of D. citrata, suspectata, walkerata,and truncata, form a complex of species which are often difficult to distinguish without resorting to genitalic characters. D. walkerata is often confused with D. truncata (the two were once considered to be conspecific) or suspectata. D. walkerata is on average the largest of our Dysstroma, with well-defined, relatively pale orange-brown AM and PM bands. It lacks the white flush often seen in D. citrata and truncata, and has a less mottled appearance than citrata and truncata. McDunnough (1946) illustrates the male and female genitalia.\n\n" 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4190-Habitat 4190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forests in the mountains and northern boreal forest. 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4190-TrophicStrategy 4190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae have been recorded from Larch (Larix laricina), alder (Alnus), willow (Salix) and bog birch (Betula glandulosa) (Handfield 1999)." 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2845-ConservationStatus 2845 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern (ssp. chryxus) and status undetermined (ssp. caryi). 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2845-Cyclicity 2845 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight per year, peaking in mid June to late July." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2845-Distribution 2845 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Quebec, south to the northern Great Lakes region and in the mountains to New Mexico and California (Layberry et al. 1998, Scott 1986)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2845-GeneralDescription 2845 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Upperside golden rust-brown with 2 - 4 (usually 3) forewing eyespots, hindwing generally with one eyespot. Male with a dark discal forewing patch. Underside striated brown-black and white, median band loose and poorly defined. In Alberta, only O. macounii is similar, but male chryxus have a dark forewing discal patch and are slightly smaller. Female chryxus have at least three rather than two equal-sized forewing eyespots.\nSubspecies chryxus (named from Rock Lake near Jasper) inhabits the mountain region, while subspecies caryi (named from the Slave River region, see Kondla 1995) occurs in open Jack Pine woods of the boreal region." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2845-Habitat 2845 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open pine woods and dry montane and subalpine meadows. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2845-LifeCycle 2845 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle takes two years to complete in at least some regions (Scott 1986). Females lay eggs on various substrates near the host plants. Males perch along gullies or banks in mountain meadows, or branches and logs in the boreal region (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Some boreal Manitoba populations fly only in odd-numbered years (Klassen et al. 1989, Layberry et al. 1998).\nFew Alberta localties of subspecies caryi are known, more field surveys are needed to determine the distribution and conservation status in the province." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2845-TrophicStrategy 2845 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts in Alberta are not known. In eastern Canada they include grasses such as Danthonia spicata (Layberry et al 1998), Oryzopis pungens and Phalaris arundinacea (Klassen et al. 1989)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2846-ConservationStatus 2846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2846-Cyclicity 2846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight per year or every other year, peaking in early June to early July." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2846-Distribution 2846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Almost entirely restricted to Canada, only reaching the US in MN and MI (Layberry et al. 1998). Occurs in central BC and southwestern NWT east to southern Quebec." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2846-GeneralDescription 2846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Our largest species of arctic. Upperside bright rust-brown with a dark brown border, and usually two forewing eyespots. The underside has a striated brown-black and white appearance, with a loose and poorly defined median band.\nIn Alberta, only O. chryxus chryxus is similar, but male chryxus have a dark forewing discal patch and are slightly smaller. Female chryxus have at least three rather than two equal-sized forewing eyespots. There are no described subspecies." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2846-Habitat 2846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, open pine woods." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2846-LifeCycle 2846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Macoun's Arctic requires two years to complete its life cycle, and flies only in alternate years in most localities. Boreal populations fly mostly in odd-numbered years (Hooper 1973, Bird et al. 1995). Mountain populations are not entirely synchronous with boreal ones, since they fly in both odd- and even-numbered years.\nAdults have a characteristic leisurely, hopping flight, and males perch on tree branches at the edge of clearings to await passing females." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2846-TrophicStrategy 2846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are not known, altough larva eat grasses and sedges in captivity (Scott 1986)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3689-ConservationStatus 3689 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread species, rather uncommon and local at the northern edge of their range in Alberta." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3689-Distribution 3689 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, south to Arizona and California. In Alberta collected only in the dry valleys in the eastern part of the province, north in the Red Deer River valley to the northern end of Dry Island Provincial Park." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3689-GeneralDescription 3689 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.8-2.1 cm wingspan) bright white and dark brown moth. The forewings are sharply divided into an immaculate white basal half and an outer half of mixed light and dark brown and tan. The reniform is a prominent round dark spot, ringed with paler scales. The upper third of the fringe is dark, the remainder white. The hindwings are uniform sooty brown with white fringes. The antennae are filiform, and the sexes are similar. Unlike any other Alberta moth in pattern and color except Tarachidia binocula, which has some yellow-orange on the forewing and even-colored fringes on the forewings." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3689-Habitat 3689 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands and badlands. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3689-LifeCycle 3689 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light, and there is a single annual brood. The larvae and larval hosts are apparently unknown. Unlike many moths in the subfamily Acontiinae, the black and white adults are believed to be bird-dropping mimics." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3690-ConservationStatus 3690 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon and local in Alberta; otherwise of widespread occurrence. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3690-Cyclicity 3690 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from early June through late July; peak flight in mid-June. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3690-Distribution 3690 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to western Alberta, south to Florida, and New Mexico. Bog Lithacodia have been been collected in central Alberta, in the Red Deer and Edmonton regions." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3690-GeneralDescription 3690 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.8-2.1 cm wingspan) broad-winged grey moth with darker brown, white and dull rusty orange markings. The forewing median and terminal areas are brown, the former separated from the rusty-orange subterminal area by a prominent inwardly angled white line. The reniform and orbicular spots are small white bars and are joined by a narrow pale orange bar. The hindwings are light grey with a pale fringe. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3690-Habitat 3690 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Acid bogs and other boggy areas. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3690-LifeCycle 3690 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single brood in Alberta. The larvae have not beeen described, and the larval hosts are unknown." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2599-ConservationStatus 2599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2599-Cyclicity 2599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two broods, the first appearing in June and the second in August." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2599-Distribution 2599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs throughout most the contiguous United States, except southern Florida, California, Arizona and Texas (Opler 1999). In Canada, the Common Checkered Skipper occurs from southeastern BC to southern Manitoba, and extreme southern Ontario (Layberry et al 1998). The northernmost portion of its range is the disjunct population in the Peace River grasslands; there is also an isolated record from the vicinity of Ft. MacKay (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2599-GeneralDescription 2599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Superficially similar to the other checkered skippers, but communis can immediately be separated by its large white markings (more white than black), and the paler, chalky underside. This skipper and the Small Checkered Skipper (P. scriptura) are the only Pyrgus skippers likely to be encountered in the prairie grasslands. These two can easily be separated by the broader white markings and larger size of P. communis (wingspan 25- 30 mm)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2599-Habitat 2599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairie grassland, also occasionally found in boreal sand dunes and the aspen parkland." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2599-LifeCycle 2599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is pale green (Bird et al. 1995). The larvae, which overwinter when mature, vary in colour from yellowish white to brown, with a dark dorsal and brown and white lateral stripes (Layberry et al. 1998). The body tapers towards the posterior (thickest in the middle) and is thickly covered with short whitish hairs; the head and first thoracic segment is blrown-black (McCabe & Post 1977). The pupae are brown, with some green towards the head (Bird et al. 1995). Adults prefer sparsely vegetated areas and will often land on bare ground, and males will set up and patrol small territories (McCabe & Post 1977).\nOpler (1999) indicates our populations may be the result of periodic colonizations, but all evidence suggests that Peace River and prairie populations are breeding residents." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2599-TrophicStrategy 2599 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval foodplant is unknown in Alberta; mallows (Malva and Sphaeralcea) have been reported as hosts elsewhere (Layberry et al. 1998). The only native mallow that occurs throughout the province in suitable habitat is Scarlet Mallow (Sphaeralcea coccina) (Moss 1992). 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2600-ConservationStatus 2600 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2600-Cyclicity 2600 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Most common from late May to mid June, with one brood annually." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2600-Distribution 2600 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This skipper is primarily a northwestern species, occurring from southwestern Alberta west to the Pacific coast and south to California and Colorado (Opler 1999). It is found north to the Nordegg region in the major mountain river valleys in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2600-GeneralDescription 2600 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Superficially similar to the other checkered skippers; Smaller and fewer white markings than the Common Checkered Skipper (P. communis). Similar to the rare Small Checkered Skipper (P. scriptura), but the ranges do not overlap: scriptura is known only from the Milk River valley of extreme southern Alberta.\nP. ruralis is most likely to be confused with the Grizzled Skipper (P. centaureae) in the Mountains. To separate these two, look at the upperside hindwing spots: P. ruralis has two rows of sharply outlined white spots, while centaureae has poorly defined, smudged white spots. P. ruralis is also slightly smaller, and is usually restricted to low-elevation, dry montane habitats." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2600-Habitat 2600 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, low-elevation (montane) meadows and gravel flats along water courses." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2600-LifeCycle 2600 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are green or yellow (Bird et al. 1995), but nothing is else is known about the immature stages." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2600-TrophicStrategy 2600 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "It is unknown what larval hostplants P. ruralis uses in Alberta. In the US, herbaceous members of the rose family such as Horkelia and Potentilla drummondii have been reported (Layberry et al. 1998). Females lay eggs on wild strawberry in Victoria, BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2601-ConservationStatus 2601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Restricted range in Canada; Population survey and tracking work needed. 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2601-Cyclicity 2601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta record is for July 23. May be double-brooded. 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2601-Distribution 2601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The core of this species' range is in the American southwest, south to central Mexico. Records are sporadic for Montana the Dakotas and Wyoming (Opler 1999). In Canada, this skipper is known only from the Lost River Coulee, AB and near Rosefield SK (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2601-GeneralDescription 2601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Superficially similar to the other checkered skippers, but this little skipper (wingspan 16 - 22 mm) inhabits only prairie habitat, along with the Common Checkered Skipper (P. communis). In addition to its smaller size, the white markings of scriptura are much smaller than those of communis." 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2601-Habitat 2601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sparsely vegetated areas of the shortgrass prairies. 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2601-LifeCycle 2601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No data relevant to Alberta are available, and the early stages are undescribed. This species is likely double-brooded in Alberta, since there are two flights (May and July to mid August) in the northern U.S. (Layberry et al. 1998). The only other Canadian record, from Saskatchewan, is from May 19 (Layberry et al. 1998). This species is easily overlooked because of its small size, light colouration and fast flight (McCabe & Post 1977)." 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2601-TrophicStrategy 2601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplant in the US is Alkali Mallow (Sida hederacea) (Layberry et al. 1998). Other herbaceous mallows such as Scarlet Mallow (Sphaeralcea coccina) are likely hosts in Alberta, since Sida spp. are not known to occur here (Moss 1992)." 1/27/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3382-ConservationStatus 3382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Minor pest in greenhouses, major pest of citrus fruits and bananas (Mound and Marullo, 1996)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3382-Cyclicity 3382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in March. 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3382-Distribution 3382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986), Mexico, Florida, California, Louisiana (Stannard, 1968), Trinidad, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Brazil, Grenada, Dominica (Mound and Marullo, 1996)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3382-GeneralDescription 3382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies around 1.3mm in length, and is pale yellow. The head and thorax are a brighter yellow. The extreme apex of antennal segment 4, the apical third of segment 5, the apical half of segment 6, all of segments 7 and 8, and the bases of both pairs of wings are brown. Both the fore and hind wings also have a brown band in the middle. The head lacks setae close to the fore ocellus. Females are macropterous. The area around the spiracles on abdominal segment 8 is stippled, and extends up to the anterior margin (Stannard, 1968). The pronotum has 2 pairs of well developed, epimeral setae, of which the inner pair is longer (Stannard, 1968). Sternites and tergites have a posteromarginal craspedum (including tergite 8) (Mound and Marullo, 1996)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3382-Habitat 3382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In northern temperate regions, this species is found in green houses (Mound and Marullo, 1996)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3382-LifeCycle 3382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species is not known to produce males (Mound and Marullo 1996). 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3382-TrophicStrategy 3382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species feeds on citrus fruits and bananas (Ananthakrishnan, 1984)." 7/10/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3384-ConservationStatus 3384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Suspected to be rather rare as this species is uncommon in collections (Bailey, 1957)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3384-Cyclicity 3384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults collected in January, June, and July." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3384-Distribution 3384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Ontario (Chiasson, 1986), California, New York, Maryland, Minnesota (Bailey, 1957)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3384-GeneralDescription 3384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species varies around 2mm in length, and is uniformly light brown with orange-yellow subintegumental pigment. The head is much wider than long. Antennal segment 6 has a line or impression on the ventral surface near the apex. Mouth cone is greatly enlarged and drawn out. Pronotum has 3 pairs of minor posterior setae between a well-developed epimeral pair of setae. Fore tarsi each lack an apical claw. Females are macropterous, males unknown (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3384-Habitat 3384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "White spruce, pine (Chiasson 1986), various other conifers, duff at base of conifers (Bailey 1957)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3384-LifeCycle 3384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This is the only species in this genus that has been recorded in Canada (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3384-TrophicStrategy 3384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feeds on the pollen of conifers (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4275-ConservationStatus 4275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An inconspicuous and probably uncommon species, rarely observed or collected in Alberta." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4275-Cyclicity 4275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in late fall; there is a single Alberta record for 30 September 1986. 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4275-Distribution 4275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The arid parts of western North America, from Mexico City to southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, west to California. In Alberta Euhagena has been collected north to Drumheller." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4275-GeneralDescription 4275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Unmistakable. A small (approximately 2.3-2.4 cm wingspan) narrow-winged wasp-like moth with fully scaled bright rusty orange wings broadly bordered with black. The veins are lightly lined with black scales, and there is a broad dark band crossing the outer forewing and a prominent dark discal mark on the hindwing. The head and thorax are clothed in long, dark silky hair, while the abdomen is covered in black scales and shorter hairs, with a narrow ring of white scales at the end of most segments. \nThe dark fur-like vesture looks appropriate for an insect that appears so late in the season.\n" 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4275-Habitat 4275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Badlands and other arid areas. 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4275-LifeCycle 4275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are borers in the roots of the host. The adults are diurnal, and fly late in the season." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4275-TrophicStrategy 4275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to bore in the roots of evening primrose (Oenothera)(Eichlin and Duckworth, 1988)." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3692-ConservationStatus 3692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread but uncommon; no concerns. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3692-Cyclicity 3692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid June through mid July. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3692-Distribution 3692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia south to North Carolina, west across southern Canada to the foothills in Alberta. In Alberta it occurs throughout the drier parts of the province, north to Lloydminster and west to the Calgary area." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3692-GeneralDescription 3692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.0 cm wingspan) delicate moth with mottled grey-brown and black wings with an olive tint. The most prominent markings are a black patch near the base of the costa and an inverted black triangle midway along the costa. The remainder of the forewings is mottled dark and pale brownish grey. The hindwings are dark grey, the fringe a mix of dark and pale scales. Antennae filiform and sexes alike." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3692-Habitat 3692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodland edges, meadows and mesic grassland in the parkland and grasslands region." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3692-LifeCycle 3692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3692-TrophicStrategy 3692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere dandelion (Taraxacum). (Forbes, 1954)" 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3892-ConservationStatus 3892 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concern. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3892-Cyclicity 3892 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly early August through late September, peaking in mid-September." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3892-Distribution 3892 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Coastal BC east to Nova Scotia, south to GA, MO and south through the Pacific Northwest US (McGuffin 1987, Miller and Hammond 2000)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3892-GeneralDescription 3892 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "No other species like it in Alberta; the speckled, bright yellow-brown wings with unevenly notched margins are unique." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3892-Habitat 3892 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Widespread in forested and wooded habitats. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3892-LifeCycle 3892 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The appearance of this moth signals the onset of late summer and early fall; the rich tan and rust notched wings resemble fall leaves. The larva is called the Maple Spanworm in the East, a poor name since it does not reflect the host preference over most of this species' range. The larvae are excellent twig mimics, complete with bumps resembling bud scars and mottled green and brown colouration. They are illutrated in color in Wagner et al. (2001). The eggs, which are laid in a row, overwinter, (Wagner et al. (2001). Larvae spin a cocoon among foliage rather than pupating in the ground." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3892-TrophicStrategy 3892 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on deciduous trees and shrubs, particularly white birch (Betula papyrifera) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) (Prentice 1963)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3893-ConservationStatus 3893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3893-Cyclicity 3893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in late fall, usually after the first frost, with the peak flight in mid-September." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3893-Distribution 3893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central Alberta east to Nova Scotia, south to Missouri, Georgia, Utah and Texas (McGuffin 1977, Wagner et al. 2001)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3893-GeneralDescription 3893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large yellow-tan fall-flying geometrid. The extent of the forewing dark markings are extremely variable, the AM and PM lines ranging from thin and well-defined to broad and diffused into the basal and terminal areas. The wingless females are white with two rows of dorsal black dots, matching lichen-covered tree trunks in contrast to the large dead-leaf mimicking males.\n\nE. vancouverensis, which was considered to be a subpsecies of tiliaria following Rindge's (1975) revision, appears to be a species separate from tiliaria. The distribution and differences between these two species in Alberta are currently unclear, although McGuffin (1977) maintains that vancouverensis occurs together with tiliaria in the central part of the province. McGuffin's records of E. vancouverensis are based on his examination of specimens in the Bowman collection at the University of Alberta (McGuffin 1977). Edmonton area Erannis show variation in wing markings from typical, light tiliaria to dark, vancouverensis types, and we consider all these to be variants of tiliaria. The presence of vancouverensis in central Alberta, without intervening records in western Alberta, further suggests true vancouverensis does not occur east of the Rockies in Canada. This interesting situation warrants further study.\n" 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3893-Habitat 3893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood boreal forest; aspen parkland. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3893-LifeCycle 3893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Linden Looper larva is immediately recognizable with its brown, pin-striped dorsum and wide, bright-yellow sides. Localized outbreaks can defoliate deciduous trees and shrubs (particularly aspen and hazel in the Edmonton area). Eggs overwinter in bark cracks. Male moths come to light." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3893-TrophicStrategy 3893 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalist feeders on deciduous trees and shrubs. Reported hosts which occur in Alberta include paper birch (Betula papyrifera), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), willow (Salix spp.), choke cherry (Prunus virginiana), and hazel (Corylus sp.) (Prentice 1963)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3894-ConservationStatus 3894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3894-Cyclicity 3894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta flight dates range from mid July to late August. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3894-Distribution 3894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to southeastern Alberta, with a single record from Ft. Smith, NWT (McGuffin 1967)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3894-GeneralDescription 3894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The tan forewings and ochre hindwings, with two broad pink transverse bands and border, are unmistakable. The male antennae with its very long pectinations add to the uniqueness of this elegant moth." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3894-Habitat 3894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie grasslands and shrublands. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3894-LifeCycle 3894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg hatches in about seven days, and larvae go through five instars and mature in 28 to 30 days. The pupa is light yellow-green and light brown with a purplish dorsal line (McGuffin 1967). Adults come to light. There may be two flights annually in the southern prairies." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3894-TrophicStrategy 3894 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on muse-ear chickweed (Cerastium), chickweed (Stellaria) and several species of knotweed (Polygonum) (Handfield 1999)." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2661-ConservationStatus 2661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2661-Cyclicity 2661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta records are primarily from late July to early October. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2661-Distribution 2661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern British Columbia and Alberta (occassionally straying to eastern Saskatchewan) south to northern Mexico (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999). This species was once considered to be a subspecies of V. carye, which occurs in South America south to Argentina (Scott 1986)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2661-GeneralDescription 2661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Most similar to the Painted Lady (V. cardui), but annabella has an orange spot in place of the large white spot two-thirds up the leading edge of the forewing of cardui; annabella is also smaller.\nThere are no named subspecies.\n" 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2661-Habitat 2661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Meadows, fields and pastures, most likley to be found in the southwestern corner of the province." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2661-LifeCycle 2661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The pale green eggs are laid singly on the host plant (Scott 1986). the mature larvae can vary in colour from light brown to black, and bear yellow branched spines (Layberry et al. 1998). Like the American and Painted Lady, annabella occurs occasionally as a migrant in Alberta (although never as abundant as the Painted Lady can be). Layberry et al (1998) state annabella is a resident in southwestern Alberta and British Columbia, but all evidence suggests that it is not able to survive the Canadian winters and appears as a spring colonist from further south (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2661-TrophicStrategy 2661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are known to feed on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica, Urticaceae) and garden hollyhock (Alcea rosea, Malvaceae) in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Almost all other host records are in the Malvaceae (Scott 1986)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3751-ConservationStatus 3751 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local and uncommon at the northern extremity of their range in southern Alberta. No obvious concerns 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3751-Cyclicity 3751 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta during the latter half of July. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3751-Distribution 3751 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From southern Alberta south and west to at least Colorado, Utah and southern California. Cloanthoides has been collected in southern Alberta north to the lower South Saskatchewan River valley near the Saskatchewan border and the Red Deer River at Tolman Bridge" 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3751-GeneralDescription 3751 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-3.5 cm wingspan) moth with dull grey forewings and white hindwings. The head, thorax and abdomen are grey; the thorax is streaked with darker and lighter grey lines adjacent to the tegulae. The forewings have a prominent black basal streak, and a less distinct thin one in the discal cell. There is a pair of short, black offset streaks marking the upper part of the subterminal line and another pair on the lower half, with the ground basad of both paler than the rest of the wing. The other normal lines and spots are absent, except for some pale scaling at the end of the cell where the reniform would be. The terminal line is a series of short black streaks between the veins, and the fringe is mostly grey. The hindwings are shining white, with the veins finely marked with grey-brown scales; the fringe is white with a scattering of grey.\n\nRhizagrotis albalis has a similar pattern, but with more black scaling in the ground giving a much darker, streakier appearance than the smoother grey ground of cloanthoides.\n\nRhizagrotis is currently placed in the noctuid subfamily Amphipyrinae.\n" 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3751-Habitat 3751 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry eroded grassland valley slopes; badlands. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3751-LifeCycle 3751 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Almost nothing is known. There appears to be a single brood in Alberta. The adults come to light. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4695-ConservationStatus 4695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4695-Cyclicity 4695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults appear in April and some will fly as late as September. 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4695-Distribution 4695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In North America it is reported from Michigan (Nielsen 1998: 7), Colorado and California, Center Harbor, New Hampshire, and Pecos in Mexico (Busck, 1907: 13). In Canada, it is recorded from British Columbia (Busck, 1907: 13), Alberta (Edmonton, Lac La Biche, Smith) and Saskatchewan (vic. Big River)." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4695-GeneralDescription 4695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "10-13 mm. Labial palpi golden white; face and head pale ochreous; antennae white ringed with dark brown; scape whitish; thorax and tegula pale golden. Forewings with veins R4 and R5 separate; metallic markings present, apical markings coarse. Forewing shining white with golden reflections, sometimes suffused with pale golden; an outwardly oblique, somewhat curved coppery-golden fascia from base of costa; another similarly colored on the middle of the wing is strongly furcate at costa, and a third inwardly oblique fascia at apical third, parallel with the outer fork of the second fascia, emits a lobe into the apical part of the wing, sometimes connecting with the coppery-golden apex. Hindwings dark gray. Legs brownish white, darker near intersegmental joints. Abdomen grayish fuscous (Forbes 1923: 345; Emmet et al 1996: 80). North American specimens are slightly larger than the European ones and the head and thorax have somewhat lighter color than in the European series (Busck, 1907: 13).\nThis is the best known and easiest to distinguish Argyresthia species in Alberta. The golden markings on the forewing are much more prominent than those of A. pygmaeela and A. oreasella, the closest species.\n" 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4695-Habitat 4695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal habitats; usually common among birch and alder wherever it is found. 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4695-LifeCycle 4695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Fully fed larva about 11 mm long. Head shining dark brown, cervical shield brown indistinctly marked with black; body green or pinkish ochreous. The larva overwinters in a shoot or male catkin until late March or April. Tenanted catkins are distorted and frass is ejected trough a hole in the side. In late March or April, the larva descends on a silken thread to pupate under bark, where many sometimes congregate. It may remain there several weeks before pupating. It is not known whether or not it feeds whilst under bark. Pupa is formed in a cocoon under the bark. The pupal stage lasts four to six weeks, in May-June. Adults usually appear in June and last until August, or occasionally September. There is a single generation per year. Adults can be beaten from birch or alder; they fly in afternoon sunshine and also come to light (Forbes 1923: 345; Emmet et al 1996: 80)." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4695-TrophicStrategy 4695 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds on catkins and shoots of alder (Alnus glutinosa) and birch (Betula) (Busck, 1907: 13)." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4696-ConservationStatus 4696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4696-Cyclicity 4696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, adults fly from end of June to mid-July." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4696-Distribution 4696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, it is distributed in northwestern Ontario, Nova Scotia, southeastern Manitoba, Saskatchewan, western Alberta and Southern British Columbia (Prentice 1965: 794). In Alberta it is recorded from Smith." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4696-GeneralDescription 4696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Expanse 11-12 mm. head and palpi whitish ochreous, latter shaded with light fuscous externally on median joint; face and antennae white; thorax shining whitish ochreous; abdomen paler, legs whitish, anterior pair and tarsi of all dusted with brown. Forewing nearly immaculate, very pale shining ochreous, the inner half of costal edge and narrowly in the fold is more or less of a darker shade. Cilia whitish ochreous. Hindwing same color as cilia of forewing (Kearfott 1908: 182). Forbes (1923: 347) notes: ""R4 and R5 stalked in forewing; with fine apical striae ... second segment of palpi somewhat fuscous toward tip ... "". Freeman (1972: 696) notes: ""forewing fringe pale yellowish ochreous. Hind wing and fringe grayish. Wingspread 10-12 mm"". Male genitalia is discussed and illustrated in Freeman (1972: 696, fig. 24).\nIn Alberta this species can be distinguished from other Argyresthia by its unique forewing coloration, which is pale ochreous with a darker shade on the anterior half. Its food plant, tamarack, is not consumed by any other Argyresthia in Alberta. It might be mistaken for A. columbia which differs in size and food plant.\n" 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4696-Habitat 4696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species is widely distributed in boreal habitats within the range of tamarack (larch). 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4696-LifeCycle 4696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In mid-summer the young larva bores through the terminal twigs of larch (tamarack, Larix laricina) from tip to up to 15 cm deep, and therefore effectually killing the twigs and stopping further growth. In the fall it cuts a circular exit hole at the base where it pupates. The moth emerges in July. The dead twigs are soon broken off at the exit hole by wind." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4696-TrophicStrategy 4696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds on tamarack, western larch, and European larch (Larix laricina) and is a twig borer but serious injury is unusual." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3012-ConservationStatus 3012 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3012-Cyclicity 3012 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3012-Distribution 3012 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Recorded from southern British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. Known from the eastern United States south to Virginia and sporadically west to Idaho (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987, Barr 1971)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3012-GeneralDescription 3012 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "As the scientific name indicates, azure (azurea), these beetles have a bluish colour to them. The body varies from a purplish blue to purple, sometimes with greenish or reddish tinges. Each elytron, has vague costae, the surface has 2 slightly impressed foveae with a greenish metallic sheen to them. The antennae and front of the head are metallic green, and the vertex is reddish purple. Short decumbent hair is on the head, and absent on the pronotum and elytra. Ventrally, the body is mostly metallic blue green and reddish purple laterally." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3012-Habitat 3012 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie shrub thickets. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3012-LifeCycle 3012 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3012-TrophicStrategy 3012 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Recorded from a variety of trees including maple, alder, paper birch, willow, and Saskatoon berry (Fisher, 1942 Bright 1987). In Alberta the specimens were reared from choke cherry (Prunus virginiana L.)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3013-ConservationStatus 3013 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3013-Cyclicity 3013 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3013-Distribution 3013 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The species is primarily eastern in distribution. Known from Ontario and Quebec south through the United States to Florida in the south (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3013-GeneralDescription 3013 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species of Chrysobothris is quite easy to recognize. The pronotum is more or less evenly punctate with out obvious callosities. The elytra have 4 distinct longitudinal costa. Costae 2 and 3 are interrupted by a shallow slightly bronzed to golden coloured fovea. The last ventral sternite on the female is almost straight across, and has a medial longitudinal carina (ridge). The carina on the male is not as pronounced." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3013-LifeCycle 3013 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3013-TrophicStrategy 3013 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In the literature hosts are recorded a wide range of trees, including maple, birch, ash, larch, pine and others (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3014-ConservationStatus 3014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3014-Cyclicity 3014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3014-Distribution 3014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada the beetles are found from northern British Columbia through to Nova Scotia in the boreal forest zone, and south in the eastern United States to Florida (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3014-GeneralDescription 3014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The brilliant green elytra, sets this species apart from all other Chrysobothris in Alberta. The legs have a slight coppery tint." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3014-Habitat 3014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal forest. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3014-LifeCycle 3014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unrecorded. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3014-TrophicStrategy 3014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Recorded from pine (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987). In Alberta collected on small diameter spruce, white spruce and lodgepole pine." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3015-ConservationStatus 3015 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3015-Cyclicity 3015 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "July, August and early September." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3015-Distribution 3015 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western, known from southern British Columbia to California (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3015-GeneralDescription 3015 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Beetles of this species have a densely pubescent prosternum. Ventrally the bronzy green helps distinguish laricis. The meso tibia of the male is abruptly narrowed. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3015-Habitat 3015 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montaine forests. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3015-LifeCycle 3015 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unrecorded. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3015-TrophicStrategy 3015 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The beetles are recorded from larch, lodgepole pine and Douglas fir (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987). In Alberta adults have been collected in association with spruce." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3016-ConservationStatus 3016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3016-Cyclicity 3016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "July, August and early September." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3016-Distribution 3016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western, known from southern British Columbia to Arizona (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3016-GeneralDescription 3016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Beetles of carinipennis are similar to those of laricis, except that the prosternum is sparsely pubescent. Ventrally the beetles are dark green. The elytral apices are coppery." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3016-Habitat 3016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montaine forest. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3016-LifeCycle 3016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unrecorded. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3016-TrophicStrategy 3016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In the literature these beetles have been reared from Douglas fir (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987). In Alberta, the beetles have been reared from lodgepole pine, and associated with larch and Douglas fir." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3895-ConservationStatus 3895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3895-Cyclicity 3895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid June to early July 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3895-Distribution 3895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Yukon and northwestern Saskatchewan south to southwest Alberta and Washington (McGuffin 1987). The distribution of this species is rather enigmatic - it is apparently very rare in the boreal region between the southern mountain and prairie region and the Yukon and extreme northwestern Saskatchewan. The Milliken Lake, SK record in McGuffin (1987) is erroneously shown on the map in northwestern AB." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3895-GeneralDescription 3895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-size geometrid with a soft yellow ground colour and several marroon-brown, irregular wedges along the forewing costa; occasionally speckled throughout with brown. Unlike any other Alberta moth in appearance." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3895-Habitat 3895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, open forests and woodlands." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3895-LifeCycle 3895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva mimics a twig when resting, and pupates among leaves tied together with silk. (McGuffin 1987). Adults come to light. The larva is illustrated by Tatum (2002). http://facweb.furman.edu/~snyderjohn/tatum/210-211.htm" 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3895-TrophicStrategy 3895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Yukon and northwestern Saskatchewan south to southwest Alberta and Washington (McGuffin 1987). The distribution of this species is rather enigmatic - it is apparently very rare in the boreal region between the southern mountain and prairie region and the Yukon and extreme northwestern Saskatchewan. The Milliken Lake, SK record in McGuffin (1987) is erroneously shown on the map in northwestern AB." 11/23/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3973-ConservationStatus 3973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3973-Cyclicity 3973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies in spring and early summer, peaking from mid June to early July." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3973-Distribution 3973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout most of temperate North America, wherever conifers grow. Coastal BC east to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, south to FL (McGuffin 1987)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3973-GeneralDescription 3973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large geometrid with a broad, jagged median band on the forewing and a large white discal spot. Ground colour white with heavy dark brown speckling, median band bordered with white. Hindwing pale grey-white with lighter dusting of fine brown striations or speckles. Other Alberta Caripeta have much smoother median band borders and lack the speckled forewing appearance. Epirranthis substriataria is somewhat similar, but flies in early spring usually lacks the large, conspicuous white discal spot, and the median area is not darkened to form a broad band." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3973-Habitat 3973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous and mixedwood forests and woodlands. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3973-LifeCycle 3973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The abdominal segments of the larva are thickened at the distal end, which, in combination with light yellow-brown lateral patches, give them a ""bumpy"" appearance much like a conifer twig (illustrated in Wagner et al. 2001 and Duncan 2003). Pupae overwinter. The grey forest looper is occasionally a destructive defoliator; outbreaks have occurred near Terrace, BC in 1961 and the west Kootenay area in 1990-91. Hemlock mortality may reach 78% in areas defoliated for two consecutive years (Duncan 2003)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3973-TrophicStrategy 3973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Most Canadian conifer species have been recorded as larval hosts, the preferred species including hemlock (Tsuga spp.), fir (Abies spp.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and spruce (Picea spp.) (Prentice 1963)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3974-ConservationStatus 3974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3974-Cyclicity 3974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly late June through early August, peaking in the latter half of July." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3974-Distribution 3974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Labrador and Newfoundland, south to GA, AR, and AZ (McGuffin 1981, Wagner et al. 2001)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3974-GeneralDescription 3974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Pale Beauty is readily recognizable by its large size and pale green wings, crossed by two transverse lines. The green colour fades to pale tan in older museum specimens." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3974-Habitat 3974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Widespread in forested and shrubby habitats. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3974-LifeCycle 3974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Known as the fringed looper, the caterpillar has, as the name suggests, short, hair-like fringes along the ventral margin; when apresssed close to a branch, the fringes help break the outline of the body and make the larva nearly invisible (see Ives & Wong 1988). The caterpillars overwinter in the third or fourth instar (McGuffin 1981), likely exposed on bark and branches.\nAdults often flush out of shrubby understory during the day, but are primarily nocturnal and come to lights. At northern latitudes where nights are very short or absent during the flight period, adults are diurnal (McGuffin 1981). One of our most common and conspicuous geometrids.\n" 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3974-TrophicStrategy 3974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalists on a wide range of deciduous trees, shrubs and conifers. Prentice (1963) reports most larval collections were from Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3951-ConservationStatus 3951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The only Alberta record is a specimen collected in 1942. Common and widespread elsewhere. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3951-Cyclicity 3951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta record is for July 8. Flies from June to August elsewhere. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3951-Distribution 3951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout southern Canada and the continental US south to Mexico (McGuffin 1977). Although this species is present in eastern Canada and throughout southern BC, it is apparently absent from most of central and southern Alberta, despite its wide host range." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3951-GeneralDescription 3951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Superficially similar to other Grays (Stenoporpia, Anacamptodes, Iridopsis, Ectropis, Protoboarmia), but the contrasting pale band at the base of the abdomen, flanked distally by two black streaks, is unique to A. pampinaria." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3951-Habitat 3951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Unknown in Alberta; likely open deciduous forest and shrubby areas. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3951-LifeCycle 3951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The egg is laid singly on the host leaf underside, and hatches in about seven days. Larvae are twig mimics and go through 5 instars, pupating underground in the fall to emerge the following summer (McGuffin 1977). The immature stages are described in detail by McGuffin (1977) and the mature larva is illustrated by Wagner et al. (2001)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3951-TrophicStrategy 3951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on an incredible variety of deciduous and coniferous trees and shrubs. Larvae were most often collected on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga), Buffaloberry (Shepherdia), Yellow Birch (Betula) and willows (Salix) by the Forest Insect Survey (Prentice 1963)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2795-ConservationStatus 2795 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rather rare but widespread species; no concerns. 3/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2795-Cyclicity 2795 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta specimens have been collected from early June to mid July. 3/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2795-Distribution 2795 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland and Labrador west to Yukon and northern Washington, north to treeline and south in the mountains to Colorado in the west and the northern New England states and New York in the east. In Alberta it has been collected in the mountains in the Nordegg-Jasper region and in the boreal forest near Lac la Biche (Touchwood Lake)." 3/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2795-GeneralDescription 2795 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Fabulosa belongs to the subgenus Pachnobia. They are medium-size moths (4.0 4.4 cm wingspan) grey or grey-brown moths, with some specimens pink-brown. The forewings are crossed by prominent, somewhat jagged antemedian and postmedian lines, the later arching outward in the median area and with the line dragged outward at each vein. There are two or more small, black inward facing darts in the upper half of the terminal area, and the terminal line is comprised of a series thin black crescents between the veins. The orbicular spot is large, oval and filled with pale grey scales. It is outlined with black along its lower half, but open to the costa on the upper half. The reniform is smaller, partly outlined with dark scales and partially filled with a diffuse patch of darker scales. The hindwings are sooty grey or grey-brown with a poorly defined discal mark and median line. Specimens from the mountain regions tend to be grey and somewhat washed out in appearance, while those from the boreal region are reported to often have brown tones and stronger contrast contrast. The illustrated specimen from Touchwood Lake is pink-brown instead of grey. Fabulosa is most likely to be confused with X. homogena, but the open orbicular, dark scales in the reniform, and the more contrasting lines will identify fabulosa." 3/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2795-Habitat 2795 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal and montane coniferous forest. 3/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2795-LifeCycle 2795 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, which emerges earlier than most Xestia species do. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larva is illustrated in color in Lafontaine, 1998. \nXestia fabulosa is apparently rare, and usually only one or two specimens are collected at any one site." 3/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2795-TrophicStrategy 2795 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae probably utilize blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) as do the most closely related Palearctic species. Records from spruce (Picea) are likely errors (Lafontaine, 1998)." 3/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2796-ConservationStatus 2796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2796-Cyclicity 2796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One or possibly two broods, flying from early June to late July, occasional in late Aug." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2796-Distribution 2796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A holarctic species, occuring in Eurasia and throughout the temperate and subarctic region of North America, from Alaska to New England and Colorado (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2796-GeneralDescription 2796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of two Boloria with a silver-spotted underside. The Bog Fritillary (B. eunomia) is somewhat similar, but the submarginal row of hindwing underside spots is black in selene and cream in eunomia. Alberta populations have been asigned to subspecies atrocostalis (Bird et al. 1995, Layberry et al. 1998)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2796-Habitat 2796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moist meadows, fens and bogs." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2796-LifeCycle 2796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The pale green eggs turn light brown after being laid on or near the host plant (Scott 1986), hatching in about nine days (Bird et al. 1995). Mature larvae are grey-black with black dots, orange-brown spines and a brown lateral stripe (Scott 1986). The spines directly behind the head are much longer than the remainder of the spines. The pupa is brown with pale-brown wing cases (Scott 1986). Overwinters in the larval stage. \nThe appearance of freshly emerged specimens in late August in southern and central parts of the province strongly suggest a second brood here (contra Bird et al. 1995). Selene is also double-brooded in southern BC and southern Saskatchewan (Guppy & Shepard 2001, Hooper 1973)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2796-TrophicStrategy 2796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on violets (Viola spp.) in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001), and presumably also in Alberta. Adults nectar at flowers and also mud-puddle (Hooper 1973)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4697-ConservationStatus 4697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4697-Cyclicity 4697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Type material (adults) were collected in mid-late June. 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4697-Distribution 4697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Type material is from northern Ontario. There is a single specimen from Three Creeks, Alberta in NFRC collected in early July on Picea mariana, but this specimen may be misidentified." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4697-GeneralDescription 4697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Antenna with alternating dark brown and white bands; scape white. Head white. Thorax and forewing pale, shiny golden yellow; fringe whitish. Hind wing and fringe whitish. Fore leg fuscous. Mid- and hind leg whitish. Wingspread 7.0-8.5 mm. (Freeman, 1972: 695). The wing color and size resembles A. picea, but the head color, male genitalia, larval behavior, and food plant is different (Freeman, 1972: 695). Male genitalia discussed and illustrated in Freeman (1972: 695; fig. 22).\nIn Alberta, this species can be distinguished from other Argyresthia by its small size, uniform golden habitus, and its food plant, Picea mariana.\n" 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4697-Habitat 4697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Ontario, it is found where its larval food plant, Picea mariana, grows." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4697-LifeCycle 4697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In summer and early fall, the larva bores from near the base of a twig toward and into the bud. Near the base of the bud an exit hole is cut and here pupation occurs in the fall. The moth emerges in the following summer." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4697-TrophicStrategy 4697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "All type material reared from black spruce, Picea mariana." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4469-ConservationStatus 4469 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Restricted range in Alberta, but no obvious concerns." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4469-Cyclicity 4469 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta in June. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4469-Distribution 4469 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern BC and southwestern AB south to CA (McGuffin 1987). 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4469-GeneralDescription 4469 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Very similar in pattern to other Alberta Pero species, it cannot be reliably distinguished without genitalic dissection (see McGuffin 1987). Behrensaria occurs only in the mountains in association with conifers, and is most likely to be confused with P. honestaria; P. morrisonaria has a lighter, more contrasting forewing median band and P. occidentalis is easily separated from all other Pero by pectinate rather than filiform antennae." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4469-Habitat 4469 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane conifer forest. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4469-LifeCycle 4469 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. Larvae are twig mimics, and the pupa overwinters (McGuffin 1987). The larva is illustrated at http://www.pfc.forestry.ca/entomology/defoliators/loopers/behrensaria_e.html" 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4469-TrophicStrategy 4469 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is a preferred host, other conifers are also eaten (Prentice 1963)." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4717-ConservationStatus 4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is considered a pest throughout its range. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4717-Cyclicity 4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight period is from May to October. In warmer climates adults may fly all year. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4717-Distribution 4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territory, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan). It is found in most US states and throughout Mexico. It has been found as far south as Honduras and Guatemala." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4717-GeneralDescription 4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species has a reddish brown color, small punctures on the lateral parts of the pronotum, as well as small granules on the declivity. It can be distinguished from D. terebrans by its distribution as well as these characters." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4717-Habitat 4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Weakened pine and spruce species with a DBH of 50 cm or more; may also attack healthy trees. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4717-LifeCycle 4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species will overwinter as partly grown larvae, or as young or mature adults. The adults will find the host tress some time after the primary attacker has attacked and weakened the tree. Egg galleries are variable. No egg niches are excavated, eggs are separated by frass. Oviposition begins in late May or June. Larvae will hatch within 10 days and then mine the phloem region in groups. The larvae will mine the phloem for at least two months. The larvae will mature and create pupal cells out of frass. Generation times vary by species. In the north a generation can take a year or longer, at southern latitudes 1.5 generations can be completed in a year." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4717-TrophicStrategy 4717 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species feeds on a wide range of Pinus spp. throughout its range. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4718-ConservationStatus 4718 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is considered to be a minor pest. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4718-Cyclicity 4718 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight period is from early May through to late August. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4718-Distribution 4718 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This beetle is found across Canada and is also in the US (in AK, ME, MI, MN, NH, NY, VT and WV)." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4718-GeneralDescription 4718 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species has a coarsely punctured but smooth frons, as well as a coarsely punctured pronotum and declivity. It can be distinguished from its closest ally, D. pseudotsugae, by its distribution and smaller size in sympatric regions." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4718-Habitat 4718 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dying or injured trees such as windfall or stumps; may attack live trees. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4718-LifeCycle 4718 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species overwinters as young adults or as larvae. The mature adults will emerge in the spring to excavate new galleries. The galleries have egg grooves in them but no egg niches. Oviposition will begin in the last week of May. Eggs are laid in groups of 3 to 6 eggs. The eggs hatch within one week and the larvae will then develop with about 27 days. The larvae will then pupate for 7 days. After pupation the adults will spend the remaining time of the year in the gallery, and overwinter. In any given year a mature female may excavate 2 or 3 galleries." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4718-TrophicStrategy 4718 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species feeds on Larix laricina (Larch). 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2806-ConservationStatus 2806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2806-Cyclicity 2806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood, most commonly flying between mid June to early July." 3/21/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2806-Distribution 2806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southwestern NWT south to Arizona in the mountains, east across southern Canada and the northern US (Opler 1999)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2806-GeneralDescription 2806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The crescents form a complex group of poorly understood species, partly as a result of the fact that they are often very similar in appearance. Extensive genetic research by Wahlberg et al. (2003) has not clarified the species relationships.\nThe Tawny Crescent is similar to P. tharos and P. cocyta, but has more upperside black markings than cocyta, and the tip of the antennal club is black and white, not not black, white and orange as in cocyta and tharos. This character is not reliable for separating females of these species. Female crescents in general have more black markings on the upperside and paler orange spots in addition to the orange ground colour; and are best identified by association with males from the same population.\nOur populations are subspecies lakota (Scott 1994).\n" 3/21/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2806-Habitat 2806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open, sandy pine woods and prairie badlands." 3/21/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2806-LifeCycle 2806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Scott (1994) provides a detailed description of the immature stages. The eggs are pale green, laid in clusters and the mature larvae are dark brown with spines and cream spots. Larvaer overwinter in the fourth instar, and live in communal silk nests in the early instars (Scott 1994). The Tawny Crescent has a localized didtribution in Alberta, and is not encountered as often as the other crescents." 3/21/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2806-TrophicStrategy 2806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Tawny Crescent larvae feed on Aster laevis in Nebraska (Scott 1994), likely the main host throughout its range according to Scott (1994)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2902-ConservationStatus 2902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, but probably of no concern." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2902-Cyclicity 2902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to August. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2902-Distribution 2902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The nominate subspecies occurs in Europe while the subspecies paganella is found in North America (McDunnough 1925). In Alberta, Bowman (1951) has it from the Nordegg area. It has also been found near Winfield and in Olds." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2902-GeneralDescription 2902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A smallish crambid (19 mm wingspan). Fore wings blotchy dark brown, with whitish discal area; a zigzag subterminal line; and a row of seven black dots in the terminal line. North American material belongs to the subspecies paganella (McD.)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2902-Habitat 2902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wet meadows? 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2902-LifeCycle 2902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2902-TrophicStrategy 2902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3778-ConservationStatus 3778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Restricted distribution in Alberta, but no obvious concerns." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3778-Cyclicity 3778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No Alberta data available; June to August on the BC coast. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3778-Distribution 3778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern BC and southwestern Alberta south to AZ and CA (Ferguson 1985). 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3778-GeneralDescription 3778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-sized bright green geometrid with two white transverse lines. Synchlora aerata is similar, but the transverse lines are smooth in Nemoria, scalloped in Synchlora and the abdomen has white dorsal spots instead of the dorsal line of Synchlora. N. unitaria has the white hindwing PM line closer to the wing base (about halfway to the margin), while mimosaria has the line more than halfway from the wing base to the outer margin; the PM and AM are also often connected forming a U-shaped white line on the hindwing rather than two discrete lines which meet the anal margin.\n\nVirtually identical to N. rubrifrontaria, but darwiniata is larger (forewing length >13mm) and lacks pink shading on the hindwing margin; darwiniata occurs only in the southwestern Alberta mountains, while rubrifrontaria is a north-central boreal species.\n" 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3778-Habitat 3778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane woodlands. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3778-LifeCycle 3778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larva similar to that of other Nemoria species, with conspicuous and bizarre lateral flanges and a granulate, almost velvety integument (Ferguson 1985)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3778-TrophicStrategy 3778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larval hosts include willow and arbutus (Ferguson 1985). 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3952-ConservationStatus 3952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Restricted in Alberta to the extreme southwest corner, but widespread in western N. America." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3952-Cyclicity 3952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta record is for August 28th. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3952-Distribution 3952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern BC and extreme southwestern AB south to California and Arizona (McGuffin 1981). 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3952-GeneralDescription 3952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-sized, dusky brown geometrid with conspicuously pectinate antennae. Am and median bands diffuse, with a series of dark spots in the subterminal area. Similar to Drepanulatrix unicalcaria, but litaria has a darker hindwing and the forewing is greyish not brown as in unicalcaria." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3952-Habitat 3952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open montane forest. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3952-LifeCycle 3952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The light brown larvae have a herringbone pattern, and are presumably cryptic on branches and twigs of the host. McGuffin (1981) gives a detailed description of the immatures, but little information is available on the biology of A. litaria." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3952-TrophicStrategy 3952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed only on Ceanothus spp. (McGuffin 1981). 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3238-Distribution 3238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is wide spread, It is known from Idaho, Alberta, Ontario into the New England States and south to Texas (Bright, 1987)." 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3238-GeneralDescription 3238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The beetles are 3.0-3.8 mm long. The head and thorax are black and the elytra are dark with a purplulish reflection. Each elytron has an oblique white line of pubesecence in the apical third.. When the legs are drawn to the sides of the body, the beetle looks like a black seed." 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3238-TrophicStrategy 3238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The beetle has been reared from bush clover (Lepedeza, not known from Alberta). Chamberlin (1926) reported the beetle from geranium (Geranium maculatum) and taken on poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron). Poison ivy and other species of geranium occur in southern Alberta." 7/2/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3981-ConservationStatus 3981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3981-Cyclicity 3981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in from June into late July. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3981-Distribution 3981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Restricted to northwestern North America, occurring from Alaska south to Alberta and BC (McGuffin 1981). Also occurs in the Palaerctic region; the North American subspecies is bryantaria (Taylor)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3981-GeneralDescription 3981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A cream-coloured moth with fine, dark brown speckling and three (two on the hindwing) transverse lines. Looks like a slightly larger and duskier C. erythemaria, but lacks the yellow-tan overtones of erythemaria . Identification should be confirmed with genitalic structures, see McGuffin (1981).\nThis species also occurs in Europe, where it is known as the Common Wave.\n" 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3981-Habitat 3981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Foothill and northern boreal forests. 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3981-LifeCycle 3981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In the Alberta foothills, adults fly from mid-afternoon until after dusk, and come to lights. The eggs are laid singly along the midrib of leaf undersides, hatching in 1-2 weeks. Mature larvae are yellow-green with dorsal and subdorsal stripes, pupae overwinter (McGuffin 1981)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3981-TrophicStrategy 3981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Prentice (1963) reports 23 larval collections from willow (Salix spp.), and a single record from white birch (Betula payrifera)." 11/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3989-ConservationStatus 3989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3989-Cyclicity 3989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No Alberta data available; flies September - October in BC. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3989-Distribution 3989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring from southern BC and westernmost Alberta southward (McGuffin 1987)." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3989-GeneralDescription 3989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A bright, rust-brown geometrid with a large white forewing discal spot. The forewing margin has a series of arrow-shaped streaks, unlike our other Caripeta species." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3989-Habitat 3989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane coniferous woodland. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3989-LifeCycle 3989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There are two distinct larval colour forms, the more common one being variable dark brown to pale grey. The second form is rusty brown with a broken dorsal cream-yellow stripe and yellow lateral spots. (Duncan 2003). McGuffin (1987) erroneously suggests the moth flies from June to August; however, Duncan (2003) states that the egg overwinters, larvae develop throughout the spring and early summer with adults emerging from September to October." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3989-TrophicStrategy 3989 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Caterpillars prefer Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), but also use pines (Pinus spp.) (Prentice 1963)." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3990-ConservationStatus 3990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3990-Cyclicity 3990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults fly from mid June to late July. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3990-Distribution 3990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "BC to Newfoundland, south to NE and the Carolinas (McGuffin 1987, Wagner et al. 2001)." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3990-GeneralDescription 3990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "As in other Caripeta species, the broad dark median band is bordered with white, with a conspicuous white discal spot. Unlike other Caripeta, however, the dark forewing margin is two-toned, the dark rust-brown border shaded with speckled grey." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3990-Habitat 3990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry coniferous and mixedwood forests and woodlands. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3990-LifeCycle 3990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are variably mottled brown and bumpy, closely resembling the conifer twigs on which they live. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults are nocturnal and come to light." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3990-TrophicStrategy 3990 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae strongly prefer pines (Pinus spp.), but occasionally feed on other conifers (Prentice 1963)." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3991-ConservationStatus 3991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3991-Cyclicity 3991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid May to mid July, most flight activity occurring in mid June" 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3991-Distribution 3991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland and Labrador west to the Yukon and coastal BC, south to GA in the East (McGuffin 1967, Wagner et al. 2001)." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3991-GeneralDescription 3991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small pale grey geometrid with dotted AM and PM lines, and occasionally a suffused median line; terminal line a row of fine black spots. The discal spots are white and outlined in dark grey, unlike in any other species that might be confused with this moth." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3991-Habitat 3991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist or mesic forest habitats. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3991-LifeCycle 3991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva is extremely variable in colour, ranging from green to yellow, orange brown or purple-brown; when feeding, larvae usually eat leaf tissue without cutting entirely through leaf (Wagner et al. 2001). The pupa overwinters, and adults come to light." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3991-TrophicStrategy 3991 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Although the common name relates the fact that larvae feed on sweetfern (Comptonia) (Wagner et al. 2001), this plant does not occur in western Canada and larvae instead prefer alders (Alnus spp.) and birches (Betula spp.) (Prentice 1963)." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2797-ConservationStatus 2797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2797-Cyclicity 2797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Biennial, flying during July of even-numbered years." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2797-Distribution 2797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Baffin Island, south to west-central Alberta. Isolated populations occur in Wyoming and Colorado. Also found in Scandinavia and Siberia (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2797-GeneralDescription 2797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside is a smudged, brown and dull orange. The hindwing underside markings consist of a yellow-tan median band and pale whitish costal patch on purple-brown background. The small size and dull appearance distinguishes this species from other Boloria. \nOur populations are subspecies nunatak (Scott 1998).\n" 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2797-Habitat 2797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moist, willow-rich alpine tundra." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2797-LifeCycle 2797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are undescribed. Colonies of this butterfly tend to be very localized, and adults have a weak, ground-hugging flight." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2797-TrophicStrategy 2797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval host plants are unreported in Alberta; Dwarf willows such as Salix reticulata nivalis are used in Colorado (Scott 1986). Adults nectar at Moss Campion (Silene acaulis) and yellow composites in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995). 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2798-ConservationStatus 2798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2798-Cyclicity 2798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Single-brooded, flying mostly between late May and mid July depending on elevation." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2798-Distribution 2798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska east to Labrador, south to southern BC, Alberta, and the northwestern Great Lakes region. Disjunct populations occur in the southern Rockies. Also ranges across northern Eurasia (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2798-GeneralDescription 2798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Frigga Fritillary has extensive dark shading in the inner half of the hindwing upperside, much more so than B. bellona and epithore, which are most similar. The hindwing underside also has a greater contrast between the basal and median area, the outher half being light pinkish-brown. The pale silvery patch along the leading hindwing edge is also brighter than in epithore and bellona. Larger and more distinctly-marked than B. improba, which occurs only in alpine tundra.\nSubspecies saga occurs in Alberta." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2798-Habitat 2798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Willow fens and sphagnum bogs, moist alpine tundra." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2798-LifeCycle 2798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The immature stages of North American populations have not been described in detail. The eggs are laid on the host shrubs and hatch in 9 to 11 days (Bird et al. 1995). Larvae feed on the leaf undersides in early instars and overwinter when nearly full-grown (Bird et al. 1995). 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2798-TrophicStrategy 2798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on willow (Salix sp.) and dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995). Adult males occasionally visit flowers (Klassen et al. 1989). 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2651-ConservationStatus 2651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2651-Cyclicity 2651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One annual brood, peak flight period from mid June to late July." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2651-Distribution 2651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska east to Newfoundland, south to Florida and eastern Texas. In the range roughly south of the Canadian border, this species looks very different, and is known as the Red-spotted Purple (L. arthemis astyanax)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2651-GeneralDescription 2651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to our other two species of true admirals (Limenitis). The White lacks the rust-coloured forewing tips of Lorquin's (L. lorquini), and has a row of reddish spots bordering the outside of the hindwing white band. Their ranges overlap only in the Waterton - Crowsnest region, where hybrid individuals exhibiting characters intermediate between the White and Lorquin's are sometimes found. L. arthemis also has more orange on the hindwing upperside than Weidemeyer's (L. weidemeyerii), and has a red-brown hindwing underside base rather than predominantly white. Hybrids between these two species sometimes also occur. \nThe western Canadian populations are subspecies rubrofasciata. \n" 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2651-Habitat 2651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Common in shrubby and wooded areas throughout the province. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2651-LifeCycle 2651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The pale green eggs are round and sculptured (Guppy &Shepard 2001). Second instar larvae construct a shelter out of a partially rolled-up leaf base with silk, and hibernate inside this structure (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Mature larvae bear a remarkable resemblance to a bird dropping when resting on a leaf, since they are splotchy white and grey brown in colour (Guppy & Shepard 2001) and have a shiny look to them. There are usually five instars, but in BC, male larvae may occasionally 'fast-track' and pupate the same season after only four instars (Guppy & Shepard 2001), forming a partial second brood in late summer and early fall. This phenomenon may also account for August and September records in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995).\nAdult males perch in shrubs and trees, occasionally patrolling along forest edges, and fly out to investigate other butterflies passing by. \n" 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2651-TrophicStrategy 2651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae have been recorded primarily from poplars and willows (Salicaceae) (Layberry et al. 1998), although no particular species have been noted for Alberta. Adults are more fond of carrion and scat than flowers." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2811-ConservationStatus 2811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2811-Cyclicity 2811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Single-brooded, flying primarily in July." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2811-Distribution 2811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Occurs as several geographically separate populations from west-central Alberta and central BC to Colorado and California (Scott 1986). 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2811-GeneralDescription 2811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside exhibits the typical checkerspot pattern of orange and brown-black, with a checkered orange-red and cream underside. Very similar to the Northern Checkerspot (C. palla), but has a dingier upperside with less dark markings. Unlike palla, this species occurs only above tree line." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2811-Habitat 2811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Alpine scree slopes and rock fields. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2811-LifeCycle 2811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The immature stages and life history of Canadian populations of this species are unknown. This species is rare and not usually encountered in numbers. It may require two years to complete its life cycle (Scott 1986). 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2811-TrophicStrategy 2811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplant is unconfirmed, but females lay eggs on various composites, including goldenrod (Solidago multiradiata) and fleabane (Erigeron) in the western US (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3853-ConservationStatus 3853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rarely collected in Alberta, which is at the northern edge of the range." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3853-Cyclicity 3853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected in late July. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3853-Distribution 3853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution North Dakota and southern Alberta and British Columbia south to central New Mexico and Arizona and southern California. In Alberta it has been collected near Calgary (head of Pine Creek). 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3853-GeneralDescription 3853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.4 cm wingspan) moth, varying in color from dark brown through lighter browns to fawn-yellow. Normal lines and spots, including the claviform, weakly developed and defined by a mix of light and dark scales. The antemedian and postmedian lines doubled, with the postmedian line often appearing ""beaded"". The forewings are characteristically paler in the central and posterior portions than along the costa and outer margins, and often have a coppery or tan cast. The hindwings are white in males with variable extent of smoky brown along the margin, the veins and the discal dot; females similar but usually with darker scaling on the veins. \n\nMales can be identified by the following genital characteristics: asymmetrical harpes (left about 3/4 the length of the right) and stout saccular extensions that taper abruptly near the apex.\n\nEuxoa atomaris belongs to the subgenus Pleonectopoda, characterized by the prominent twist or subbasal coil in the vesica of the male. There are no characters that can be used to identify females as members of the subgenus. Keys to the subgenus and species are presented in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3853-Habitat 3853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open areas. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3853-LifeCycle 3853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults tend to fly late in the season (August and September) in most parts of the range. The larvae are not known. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3853-TrophicStrategy 3853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Most related species are general feeders on a range of low-growing broad-leaved plants. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2803-ConservationStatus 2803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2803-Cyclicity 2803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Double brooded in Alberta, flying primarily in June and again in August." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2803-Distribution 2803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs throughout eastern North America, north to southern Ontario and southern Alberta (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2803-GeneralDescription 2803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The crescents form a complex group of poorly understood species, partly as a result of the fact that they are often very similar in appearance. Extensive genetic research by Wahlberg et al. (2003) has not clarified the species relationships.\nMales of the Pearl Crescent have more extensive upperside black markings (the black forewing median line is usually continuous not broken) comapred to the Northern Crescent (P. cocyta), and the hindwing marginal pale yellow crescents are more prominent, resulting in a broken rather than a solid black margin. Compared to batesii, tharos has less black on the upperside, and the tip of the antennal club is black, white and orange, not black and white as in batesii. This character is not relaible for separating females of these species. Tharos females generally have a more distinclty marked underside than either cocyta or batesii females. Female crescents have more black markings on the upperside and paler orange spots in addition to the orange ground colour; they are best identified by association with males from the same population.\nSubspecies orantain, recently named by Scott (1998), describes our populations." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2803-Habitat 2803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grasslands and dry meadows of the prairie and parkland regions. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2803-LifeCycle 2803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Scott (1998, 1994) gives detailed descriptions of the immatures. The pale green eggs are laid in clusters, and the larvae are dark brown, spiny and feed on leaf undersides. Partially grown (fourth instar) larvae hibernate (Scott 1998). Young larvae feed during the day, while older ones appear to be strictly nocturnal, resting in plant litter below the host during the day (Scott 1998)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2803-TrophicStrategy 2803 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hosts are not known in Alberta. Larvae feed on asters (Aster spp.) in the west-central US (Scott 1998) and also in Manitoba (Klassen et al. 1989). 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2804-ConservationStatus 2804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2804-Cyclicity 2804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, generally peaking in July, dedpending on elevation and snowpack." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2804-Distribution 2804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western mountain species, found from Alaska south to Mexico (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2804-GeneralDescription 2804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Our darkest crescent, the upperside is mostly brown-black unlike the others. The median line on the dorsal forewing is always thick and black, not broken with orange. Occurs only in the foothills and mountain region.\nOther names that have been applied to this species include campestris (Behr) and pulchellus (= pulchella) (Boisduval); see Scott (1994) and Layberry et al. (1998) for discussion on name usage. Our populations are susbspecies owimba (Scott 1998). \n" 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2804-Habitat 2804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Clearings and meadows of the mountain and foothills region. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2804-LifeCycle 2804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The pale green eggs are laid in clusters on leaf undersides. Larvae are brown with spines and black stripes, and overwinter in the fourth instar (Scott 1994)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2804-TrophicStrategy 2804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults nectar at a variety of composites (Asteraceae), particularly asters and ragwort (Bird et al. 1995). In BC and the US, larvae feed on the leaves of asters (Aster spp.) (Scott 1994, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3779-ConservationStatus 3779 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Only one Alberta record, likely restricted to the northeast boreal region. Widespread elsewhere." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3779-Cyclicity 3779 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single Alberta record is for June 10. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3779-Distribution 3779 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northeastern Alberta (Colin-Cornwall Lake Wildland Park) east to Nova Scotia, south to NC and KS (Ferguson 1985)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3779-GeneralDescription 3779 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small, bright bluish-green genometrid with white transverse lines and pinkish wing fringes. Abdomen green, white apically, with two to three white spots encircled in pink.Three other similar species could occur with N. rubrifrontaria: Synchlora aerata, which has scalloped not straight transverse lines and a dorsal line along the abdomen rather than round dots; N. unitaria which does not have the abdominal spots surrounded in pink as in rubrifrontaria, and N. mimosaria which has no or at most one white abdominal spot not encircled in pink. N. darwiniata occurs only in the southwestern mountains, and is larger than rubrifrontaria (average forewing length 15mm in darwiniata and 12 mm in rubrifrontaria)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3779-Habitat 3779 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal peat bogs and heath barrens. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3779-LifeCycle 3779 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The unique larvae have triangular lateral flanges, giving them an armoured, dinosaurian appearance (see Wagner et al. 2001). The pupa overwinters (McGuffin 1988), and adults come to light. In eastern Nort America, this is a speices of bogs and barrens where Myrica (Myricaceae) grows. It should be watched for in northeastern Alberta in similar habitats." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3779-TrophicStrategy 3779 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The preferred larval hosts in eastern North America are species of Myrica (Ferguson 1985). 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3780-ConservationStatus 3780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concern. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3780-Cyclicity 3780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in mid to late June. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3780-Distribution 3780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to southeastern Alberta, south to VA, IL and TX (McGuffin 1988, Ferguson 1985)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3780-GeneralDescription 3780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather small, bright green geometrid with two white transverse lines. Synchlora aerata is similar, but the transverse lines are scalloped rather than smooth, and the abdomen has a white dorsal line, not round spots as in Nemoria. N. unitaria has the white hindwing PM line closer to the wing base (about halfway to the margin), while mimosaria has the line more than halfway from the wing base to the outer margin; the PM and AM are also often connected forming a U-shaped white line on the hindwing rather than two discrete lines which meet the anal margin. The other two Alberta Nemoria, rubrifrontaria and darwiniata, have more than one pink-ringed abdominal spot, mimosaria has at most one spot, never encircled in pink." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3780-Habitat 3780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forests and woodlands. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3780-LifeCycle 3780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The unique larvae of Nemoria species bear lateral flanges, and those of mimosaria have toothed, forward pointing flanges resembling dead plant tissue such as willow catkins. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3780-TrophicStrategy 3780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a wide variety of deciduous shrubs and trees, and also on conifer trees (McGuffin 1988). Prentice (1963) reports the largest proportion of larval collections from white birch (Betula papyrifera) and balsam fir ((Abies balsamifera)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2853-ConservationStatus 2853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Subspecies benjamini is not of concern. The status of mackenziei is not known. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2853-Cyclicity 2853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight peaking in June, and at least a partial second brood southward from Aug - Oct." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2853-Distribution 2853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "As defined here, tullia ranges throughout much of the northern hemisphere, from Scandinavia to AK, south to CA and NM, east to Nfld. (Scott 1986)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2853-GeneralDescription 2853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Our smallest satyrine. The unmarked clay-ochre upperside is unique; the underside is tan-grey (ochre forewing base), with a whitish, irregular median line, and often an apical forewing spot, occasionally with remnants of one or two (rarely more) hindwing marginal spots. The ground colour and development of the eyespots is variable. Females are paler overall, and ocasionally have a dark apical forewing spot on the upperside.\nMany names have been applied to the western North American ringlets over the years (eg. C. california, inornata and ochracea), a reflection of the fact that it is unclear just how many species are found here, and whether or not any are the same species as the European tullia. There is currently no convincing evidence for any particular interpretation. \nBased on differences in ecology and appearance, there appear to be at least two distinct entities in Alberta, one inhabiting far northern boreal fens and grasslands of the Peace-Athabasca delta region (ssp. mackenziei), and the widespread ssp. benjamini." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2853-Habitat 2853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Any grassy, open habitats, although absent from much of the boreal forest." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2853-LifeCycle 2853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Although this species is often abundant and can be encountered in most grassy habitats in Alberta, little life history information is available. Hardy's (1960) account of Vancouver Island populations (subspecies insulana, of special conservation concern in BC) is apparently the only one for western Canada: the pale, brown-flecked eggs are barrel shaped, and mature larvae are green with a blue-grey sheen. Larvae have several dorsal and subdorsal dark green lines and a yellow lateral line. The pupa is compact, green and lined with brown, and hangs suspended from grasses. \nRinglet populations in southern Canada are able to complete two generations per year; on southern Vancouver Island, eggs laid by the spring brood either develop to emerge as adults in the summer, or overwinter as mature larvae (Hardy 1960). The can also hibernate as young larvae, offpsring of the second brood. A similar life cycle has been documented in southern Ontario. Only third instar larvae overwinter in northern Ontario, resulting in a single yearly brood (Eberlie 1990). \nThe distribution and taxonomic status of the taxon mackenziei requires further research before a conservation status assessment can be made; it is currently known only from the Fort Smith region northward along the Mackenzie River to Great Slave Lake." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2853-TrophicStrategy 2853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are unconfirmed. Although ""grasses"" are commonly cited, it is not clear which and how many species are actually suitable. Subspecies mackenziei is associated with sedge fens, so sedges rather than grasses are more likely hosts." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3992-ConservationStatus 3992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Limited range in Alberta; more field data needed. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3992-Cyclicity 3992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta early May through late June. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3992-Distribution 3992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Crowsnest Pass / Waterton region of extreme southwest Alberta and southern BC, south to Nevada and California (McGuffin 1977)." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3992-GeneralDescription 3992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A colourful day-flying moth, occasionally mistaken for a butterfly when flying. The forewing is chocolate brown with a whitish submarginal shade, and black PM, AM and median lines. The hindwing is bright reddish orange with two bold black transverse lines and fine black striations. Superficially similar to Archiaris infans, but the hindwing has two crisp black lines not joined to a broad dark patch on the inner margin as it is in infans.\n\n" 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3992-Habitat 3992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane woodlands. 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3992-LifeCycle 3992 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are undescribed. Adults are diurnal, and are not known to come to light. Although not closely related, the seasonality, display of bright orange during flight and cryptic colouration while at rest are strikingly similar to both Archiearis infans and Aglais (Nymphalis) milberti. It has been suggested that the European representatives of these species, Archiearis parthenias and Aglais urticae, represent a case of convergent colouration resulting from bird predation pressure (Rydell et al. 2001)." 11/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3861-ConservationStatus 3861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common widespread species; no concerns. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3861-Cyclicity 3861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been colleced in late May-June. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3861-Distribution 3861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "NS west across Canada to Vancouver Island; north to the mouth of the Skeena River in BC and the Lake Athabasca region in AB, south in the western mountains. Found throughout the foothills, mountains and boreal forest region (including the Cypress Hills) in Alberta, north to Colin-Cornwalll Wildland Park." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3861-GeneralDescription 3861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-3.6 cm wingspan) broad-winged powdery grey or grey-brown moth. The FW varies considerably, from a pale grey with dark brown-black basal, median and sub-terminal banding, to being more or less uniformly suffused with dark sooty brown scales. The ST line often has a dark red-brown outer edging, and there is a contrasting pale yellowish or buff lunule on the outer edge of the reniform in both forms. The HW is a dark yellow-brown, paler than the FW, crossed by a faint doubled basal band, a straight median line and a fine scalloped terminal line. The HW patterning is unusual in noctuid moths other than the genus Zale, and resembles certain Geometrids, such as Pero sp.. This little Zale is quite variable in appearance, but differs from other Alberta Zale in its sooty grey or light grey coloration (rich browns in the others). Alberta Z. duplicata belong to ssp. largera, which are larger and paler with more grey than black scaling than in the nominate subspecies." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3861-Habitat 3861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Pine forest 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3861-LifeCycle 3861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, with adults flying in the spring. The larvae are solitary defoliators of pines. They overwinter in the pupal stage. The larvae (illustrated in color in Wong and Ives, 1988) are reported to be extremely variable in color, with forms ranging from grey, reddish brown to whitish with darker markings (Wong and Ives, 1988)." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3861-TrophicStrategy 3861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Pines (Pinus sp.), in particular Lodgepole (Pinus contorta) and Jackpine (P. banksiana). (Prentice, 1962)." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3869-ConservationStatus 3869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rare stray from the tropics; no concern. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3869-Cyclicity 3869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta records are for late July and August. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3869-Distribution 3869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "As a breeding resident, tropical South America north to Florida and the Gulf States. A rare stray north to southern Canada. Recorded in Alberta north to Edmonton." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3869-GeneralDescription 3869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A huge (11-15 cm wingspan) moth with broad dark black-brown pointed wings with purple highlights. The reniform is comma-shaped, with a light blue center. The lower edge of the hindwings has a large black-rimed circle containing two dark spots. Unlike any other Alberta moth; on the wing it looks more like a bat than a moth." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3869-Habitat 3869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wooded areas, including urban areas." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3869-LifeCycle 3869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Black Witch is a common tropical moth that strays north on occasion to southern Canada, including Alberta. Their larval food plants do not occur north of the tropics, and any that stray this far north are doomed. They are nocturnal and come to sugar bait." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3869-TrophicStrategy 3869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hosts are tropical legumes in the genera Pithecellobium and Cassia. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2812-ConservationStatus 2812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Ranked ""Sensitive"" in Alberta; dependent primarily on prairie badlands habitat." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2812-Cyclicity 2812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight per year, peaking in late June to late July." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2812-Distribution 2812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan south to New Mexico and California (Scott 1986). In Alberta, most common along the Red Deer River badlands, north to Dry Island Buffalo Jump (Bird et al. 1995)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2812-GeneralDescription 2812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The orange and black-brown patterned upperside, and prominent creamy-white spots of the hindwing underside, are characteristic of three of our Chlosyne, namely acastus, palla, and damoetas. Acastus has more extensive whitish underside markings and a lighter orange upperside than palla and damoetas. The habitat and range of acastus does not overalp with the other similar Chlosyne species in Alberta.\nAlberta populations are subspecies acastus.\n" 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2812-Habitat 2812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie badlands and grasslands. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2812-LifeCycle 2812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little life history data is available for Canadian populations. The larvae are black and spiny, and feed in groups until reaching the third instar (Scott 1986). The Sagebrush Checkerspot has two and occasionally three broods in the southwest US (Scott 1986). The unusually long flight period reported for Alberta (8 May to 5 September, Bird et al. 1995) and Saskatchewan (28 May to 7 August, Hooper 1973) are indicative of an occasional or partial second brood." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2812-TrophicStrategy 2812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The only reported larval host in Canada is an aster, Machaerantha canescens (Bird et al. 1995), which closely matches the prairie badlands distribution of acastus (Moss 1992). Adults nectar at thistles (Bird et al. 1995)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2662-ConservationStatus 2662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2662-Cyclicity 2662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Occurs throughout the season, most common in June and again in August." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2662-Distribution 2662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout the northern hemisphere, occuring from northern Africa across most of Eurasia, and south to Guatemala in the New World; occasionally straying as far north as Iceland (Scott 1986)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2662-GeneralDescription 2662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside wing pattern, with bold red bands and white apical spots on a black background, is unique and unlike any other Alberta species. The North American populations are slightly different in appearance from the European ones, and are generally referred to as subspecies rubria.\nThe common name is somewhat misleading, since this is not an Admiral (genus Limentitis) at all; for this reason, some authors have reverted to an older name, the Red Admirable (Pyle 2002)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2662-Habitat 2662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Widespread throughout most of the province, found especially near wooded areas." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2662-LifeCycle 2662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The light-green eggs are barrel-shaped and have nine vertical ribs. The mature larva are variable in colour, ranging from cream to grey, brown or black with fine white spots and a lateral stripe of greenish-yellow patches (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Larvae bear bear long branching spines that are generally black (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Larvae form a tent-like feeding shelter by tying together the edges of the leaf on which they are feeding (Guppy & Shepard 2001). It is unclear whether or not the Red Admiral survives the Alberta winter; the summer broods (mid-June onwards) are apparently the offspring of spring migrants. Remarkably, the Red Admiral is able to complete at least two broods in southern Canada after the arrival of spring migrants (Guppy & Shepard 2001, Layberry et al. 1998), with peak emergences in mid to late June and again in August." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2662-TrophicStrategy 2662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on nettles (Urtica spp.) (Scott 1986), and can be found on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) in Alberta. Adults are attracted to rotting fruit and dung, but also flower nectar (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2663-ConservationStatus 2663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2663-Cyclicity 2663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Can be found throughout the season, from late April into October." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2663-Distribution 2663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This butterfly is more widespread tha nany other species in the world; although it does not tolerate hard winter forsts, migrants have been found on every continent save Antarctica; recorded as far north as northern Greenland (Scott 1986)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2663-GeneralDescription 2663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "There are two other similar Vanessa; the first, V. virginiensis, occurs only very rarely as a migrant in Alberta, and the Painted Lady can immediately be distinguished from virginiensis by the row of three to four smaller eyespots on the hindwing underside; virginiensis has only two, much larger spots. Compared to the West Coast Lady (V. annabella), cardui has a large white spot two-thirds up the leading edge of the forewing, which is orange in annabella; cardui is also larger.
Royal Alberta Museum page
\nThere are no named subspecies." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2663-Habitat 2663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A migrant that can be found in almost any habitat in years that it is common. 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2663-LifeCycle 2663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The light green cylindrical eggs have vertical ribs. Mature larvae are grey-brown with fine yellow and black markings and yellow branched spines (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Larvae live in silken leaf-nests on the hostplant (Layberry et al. 1998).\nThis species is rare or absent in Alberta in most years, but in years that populations build up in the southern United States, worn and often tattered migrants appear in May to lay their eggs, having flown thousands of miles. The offspring of these migrants emerge from July onwards. Since it is rare or absent in most years in Alberta, it is thought that Painted Ladies cannot overwinter here, and re-colonize in good migrant years. It is not known if summer brood individuals attempt a southward return migration in the fall here; they may in the southwestern US (Scott 1986), but there is no evidence they do so in British Columbia (Guppy & Shepard 2001). \n" 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2663-TrophicStrategy 2663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Many composites (Asteraceae) have been recorded as larval hosts, but thistles (Cirsium spp.) seem to be favoured in western Canada (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2805-ConservationStatus 2805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2805-Cyclicity 2805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The single brood flies in June, possibly a second brood in August - September." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2805-Distribution 2805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A boreal-transcontinental species, found from the Yukon to Newfoundland south to New Mexico (along the Rockies) and south along the Appalachian Mountains (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2805-GeneralDescription 2805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The crescents form a complex group of poorly understood species, partly as a result of the fact that they are often very similar in appearance. Extensive genetic research by Wahlberg et al. (2003) has not clarified the species relationships.\nThe northern and Pearl Crescent (P. tharos) can be difficult to tell apart, and these were treated as the same species in most of the older literature. Male Northern Crescents have a more solid orange upperside, while tharos has more extensive upperside black markings (the black line through the forewing median is continuous, not broken).The hindwing margin is mostly solid black in cocyta, but has a line of pale yellow crescents in tharos. The Tawny Crescent (P. batesii) has more upperside black markings than cocyta so is similar to tharos in this respect, but the tip of the antennal club is black and white, not not black, white and orange. This character is not reliable for separating females of these species. Female crescents in general have more black markings on the upperside and paler orange spots in addition to the orange ground colour; and are best identified by association with males from the same population." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2805-Habitat 2805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ubiquitous throughout most ecoregions in Alberta, particularly forest clearings and parklands." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2805-LifeCycle 2805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This is our most common crescent, and it can be found in almost any habitat where asters, the larval fooplant, grows. Prefers slightly moister conditions than the Pearly Crescent, which is very similar." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2805-TrophicStrategy 2805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are not known in Alberta. Elsewhere, Aster laevis (Colorado) and A. simplex (Minnesota, Manitoba) are hosts (Scott 1994, Klassen et al. 1989)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2657-ConservationStatus 2657 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Less than ten locations known for Alberta; of special concern (S3) in BC. 2/4/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2657-Cyclicity 2657 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, appearing in early spring (April to May) and again in August to October." 2/4/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2657-Distribution 2657 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A species of western North America, ranging from southern BC and extreme southwestern Alberta south to California and Colorado (Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2657-GeneralDescription 2657 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is one of three commas with a dark, two-toned underside; distinguished from the Hoary Comma (P. gracilis) by the dark brown rather than grey underside and more prominent patches of white wing fringes. The underside of the Grey Comma (P. progne) is very similar, but the upper surface of Oreas is darker overall with larger black patches, giving it a much blotchier appearance than progne.\nSoutheastern BC and Alberta populations are lighter in colour and have smaller dark dorsal spots than coastal Oreas, and have recently been named as subspecies threatfuli by Guppy & Shepard (2001).\nSome authors consider Oreas as a subspecies of the Grey (eg. Opler 1999, Scott 1986). Both forms, however, occur together in parts of Alberta and British Columbia without apparent interbreeding (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001).\n" 2/4/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2657-Habitat 2657 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist forest habitats at low elevations in the Waterton - Crowsnest region. 2/4/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2657-LifeCycle 2657 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva is dark brown, with a yellow-orange dorsum near the front, and pale yellow near the back; it has rows of branched spines and black V-marks along the dorsum. The pupa is mottled brown (Scott 1986). Adults appear early in the spring after hibernating to mate and reproduce. This species is generally rare and locally distributed (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2657-TrophicStrategy 2657 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like the Grey Comma, the larvae of this species feed on currants and gooseberries (Ribes spp.) in the Pacific Northwest, and presumably do so in Alberta. There are several species of Ribes found in the Waterton - Crowsnest region where Oreas flies (Moss 1992), but the species known to be a host in coastal BC, R. divaricatum (Guppy & Shepard 2001), does not occur here." 2/4/03 0:00 3/1/11 12:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2829-ConservationStatus 2829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2829-Cyclicity 2829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The single yearly flight peaks between early June and late August, depending on elevation." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2829-Distribution 2829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A Holarctic species, found throughout the north-temperate region of the northern hemisphere. In North America, eunomia occurs from Alaska to Newfoundland, and south to Colorado in isolated Rocky Mountain populations (Scott 1986)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2829-GeneralDescription 2829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Best distinguished from look-alikes by characters of the hindwing underside: the only other Boloria with a dark-brick and silver-yellow underside is selene, but eunomia has a row of silvery submarginal spots, which are black in selene.\nThree subspecies are part of the Alberta fauna, one resembling dawsonia throughout the boreal and foothills region, nichollae from the north-central mountains (described from the vicinity of the Columbia Icefields), and an undescribed subspecies from the Canadian Shield ecoregion of the far northeast (Bird et al. 1995)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2829-Habitat 2829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Bogs, fens, and moist alpine and subalpine meadows." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2829-LifeCycle 2829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In Alberta, eggs hatch in 7 to 8 days, and larvae feed on the leaf underside of the host plant (Bird et al. 1995). Colorado and Wyoming larvae are reddish-brown with red spines, with third or fourth instars hibernating (Scott 1986). Adult males patrol to seek females (Scott 1986)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2829-TrophicStrategy 2829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are reported to feed on willows (Salix spp.) in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995). Bistort (Polygonum viviparum) is also reported from western North America, in addition to heaths (Ericaceae) in western Canada (Layberry et al. 1998)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2854-ConservationStatus 2854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The Monarch is of special concern in Canada (COSEWIC 2002). 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2854-Cyclicity 2854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Migrants reach southern Alberta in late May to June, offspring emerging in Aug. to Sep." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2854-Distribution 2854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Globally widespread, with the centre of the range in North America from BC east to Newfoundland, north to the southern NWT south to Argentina (Layberry et al 1998)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2854-GeneralDescription 2854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The black-veined, orange upperside with a white-spotted black border is unique. The Viceroy (Limenitis archippus) though similar, has a black hindwing median line. Monarchs are easy to recognize by their distinctive leisurely, floating flight, holding their wings V-shaped above the body when gliding; Viceroys hold their wings in a flat plane when gliding, a behaviour characteristic of the genus Limenitis." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2854-Habitat 2854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Most likely to be encountered in the southern prairie grasslands. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2854-LifeCycle 2854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Migrants from the southern US appear in the spring, and lay eggs on a number of milkweed species, particularly along prairie river valleys. Larvae are like no other in Alberta, boldly banded with alternating black, white and yellow stripes. There are two long, black fleshy 'horns' near the front and rear. Pupae are bright blue-green with golden spots. This is undoubtedly one of the most familiar butterflies in North America, and much research has been carried out on its ecology and remarkble migration. Surprisingly, the Monarch's wintering grounds in Mexico were not discovered until 1975, largely as a result of the research efforts of Fred Urquhart (Layberry et al. 1998). Almost all of the North American Monarchs overwinter in a handful of sites in the Mexican highlands, and conservation efforts for this species are largely dependent on the welfare of these sites. For more detailed accounts of the Monarch's ecology, see Brower (1995) and references therein." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2854-TrophicStrategy 2854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The main larval host in Alberta is Showy Milkweed (Asclepias speciosa), and larvae have also been recorded on A. ovalifolia in Edmonton (Bird et al. 1995). Adults prefer nectaring at milkweed flowers and composites (Klassen et al. 1989)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2855-ConservationStatus 2855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Ranked 'Sensitive' in Alberta. The Peace River populations are globally unique. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2855-Cyclicity 2855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One annual brood, peaking from early to late May." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2855-Distribution 2855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Peace River valley of Alberta / BC south to Montana and South Dakota. Isolated populations in the southern Rocky Mountain States (Scott 1986). 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2855-GeneralDescription 2855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside is dull ochre-brown, with a variable number of small black eyespots, usually two on the forewing and one on the hindwing. The underside is finely striated black and white, with a distinct hindwing median band. The hindwing veins are outlined in white, unlike O. uhleri. The nominate subspecies (described from the mouth of Fish Creek near Calgary) occurs throughout southern Alberta. The Peace River populations are a darker, unnamed subspecies (Bird et al. 1995). D. Macaulay image" 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2855-Habitat 2855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, native prairie grassland." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2855-LifeCycle 2855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In the Peace River grasslands, the barrel-shaped eggs are laid on the tips of grass blades, and hatch in about 30 days. Larvae are reddish-brown with short, conical 'tails', and overwinter in the 5th instar, pupating early in the spring without further feeding. Pupation occurs in grass clumps near the ground. Males patrol territories to locate females, and will also fly to geographical prominences such as hilltops (Bird et al. 1995).\nAlthough sites that support Alberta Arctics almost inevitably also support Uhler's Arctics, O. alberta tends to be more localized and less widespread in distribution." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2855-TrophicStrategy 2855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larval food plants are unconfirmed, though fescue (Festuca) is a likely host (Scott 1986, Bird et al. 1995)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3630-ConservationStatus 3630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Relatively uncommon. However, in the foothills they may be locally common on fresh Douglas fir logs." 8/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3630-Cyclicity 3630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July 8/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3630-Distribution 3630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The beetles are reported to occur from B.C. east to Nova Scotia in the boreal forest, and south through the mountain regions of western United States. In Alberta the specimens that I have seen all come from the montane forests, with Douglas Fir. Bright (1987) shows records from the Peace river area and in Saskatchewan around east of Cold Lake." 8/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3630-GeneralDescription 3630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "In general, these beetles are larger, in Alberta averaging 19.25 mm.(n= 13, 16-23 mm) Beetles are black without dorsal maculations, ventrally the last 1 to 3 abdominal sternites have lateral orange spots. A few immaculate B. nutalli may be confused with this species. Size and presence of maculation on all abdominal sternites will separate the species." 8/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3630-Habitat 3630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Conifer forests, usually containing Douglas fir or pines." 8/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3630-LifeCycle 3630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Little is known. 8/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3630-TrophicStrategy 3630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In B.C. B. lyrata is known from ponderosa pine and Douglas Fir. In Alberta the beetles have been associated with Douglas Fir logs. In the east neither of these tree species are present, which implies the use of another host, probably jack pine." 8/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2813-ConservationStatus 2813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread but uncommon here at the northwestern edge of it's range. 3/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2813-Cyclicity 2813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June through mid-July. 3/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2813-Distribution 2813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A species of the eastern hardwood forest, recorded west to southeastern Alberta, and south to UT, CO, TX, KS and GA. In Alberta, it has been collected mainly in the eastern aspen parklands and grasslands regions, north to Lloydminster. Reports of American dagger moths from further west in Alberta (Peace River and foothills regions) in Prentice (1962) are questionable and need verification." 3/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2813-GeneralDescription 2813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large (5.0 - 6.2 cm wingspan) brownish grey moth with darker markings. The forewings are grey with darker lines and spots, and with the veins lightly lined with dark scales. The postmedian line is doubled and the interspace is white, forming a contrasting toothed band. The hindwing is pale grey-brown with a faint darker median line and veins in the male. The female is similar but darker, especially the hindwings which are sooty brown. The antennae of both sexes are simple. A. dactylina is similar, but is lighter powdery grey, with fewer markings and in particular lacking the doubled, white-filled postmedian band on the forewing, the median line on the hindwings, and the dark scales along the veins." 3/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2813-Habitat 2813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Deciduous woodlands, shelterbelts and urban plantations." 3/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2813-LifeCycle 2813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are solitary defoliators on various deciduous trees, in particular maple and birch. They are covered in long white or pale yellow hairs, with several tufts of longer, black hairs. There is a single brood each year, which overwinter as pupae. They are never common enough in Alberta to be considered a pest. Most likely to be found associated with urban and shelterbelt plantings of Manitoba maple. The adults are usually attracted to light.\nThe American Dagger-moth is primarily a species of the eastern hardwood forests. The southern ssp. eldora is paler with crisper markings and Alberta specimens from Medicine Hat have been assigned to this form by Bowman (1951). Bowman also listed May as the adult flight period, apparently in error as all specimens in his collection are labeled as collected in June-July." 3/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2813-TrophicStrategy 2813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy In Alberta larvae have been collected on Manitoba maple (Acer negundo). other trees have also been reported as hosts elsewhere (see Rings et al. 1992 and Prentice 1962). 3/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2915-ConservationStatus 2915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2915-Cyclicity 2915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult flight peaks between mid May and mid July, earlier at lower elevations." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2915-Distribution 2915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from the Yukon and NWT south to New Mexico in the Rockies, east to Manitoba (Lafontaine & Wood 1997)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2915-GeneralDescription 2915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The smallest of the Arches (Drasteria) moths. In Alberta, it is the only species in the genus with black lines along the veins of the ventral forewing margin. The mountain populations (ssp. athabasca) tend to be slightly larger and have a more yellow-tan cast to the hindwing compared to the prairie populations (ssp. crokeri). Prairie individuals can be strikingly different with their blue-grey and white colouration, and Barnes and Benjamin (1924) thought these differences may be indicative of a separate species; Individuals from the Calgary and Lethbridge region seem to be intermediate between the two forms, but more work is needed to clarify this situation." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2915-Habitat 2915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Sparsely vegetated, open habitats, including alpine and montane meadows and prairie grasslands." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2915-LifeCycle 2915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are diurnal and do not come to light. They can be difficult to detect and observe with their rapid flight and contrasting black and white coloration. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2915-TrophicStrategy 2915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on Hedysarum (Lafontaine & Wood 1997). Adults take nectar at flowers, including mint in Utah (Richards 1939)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2917-ConservationStatus 2917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Poorly known in Alberta, but probably of no concern." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2917-Cyclicity 2917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2917-Distribution 2917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution A North American species. Alaska to Labrador and Baffin Island (Northwest Territories) south to treeline and in Rockies to southern Alberta (Lafontaine & Wood 1997). 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2917-GeneralDescription 2917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small crambid (17-20 mm wingspan). Forewing dark brown with a broad, oblique blackish median band followed by a whitish band; there is a dark subterminal band followed by a sinuate white band then a dark bank; the terminal line is narrow and black; the fringe is gray, cut with white. Hind wing brown. The male genitalia are illustrtated in Landry (1995)." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2917-Habitat 2917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forest. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2917-LifeCycle 2917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2917-TrophicStrategy 2917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2918-ConservationStatus 2918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Apparently of limited distribution in specialized habitats in Alberta. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2918-Cyclicity 2918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity August. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2918-Distribution 2918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species described from Aweme, Manitoba (McDunnough 1921). In Alberta, Bowman (1951) has it from the Edmonton area." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2918-GeneralDescription 2918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A smaller sized Crambus (19-23 mm wingspan). The forewings are light yellowish brownwith the costal edge being narrowly pearly white for two thirds of its length; there is a narrow white longitudinal median stripe which is sharp pointed and lacks a tooth below; there are four black dots in the lower part of the subterminal line. The hindwings are pale smoky with white fringes. The male genitalia are illustrated in Landry (1995). Similar to C. whitmerellus but longitudinal median line narrow, sharp pointed at apex, and lacking a tooth below." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2918-Habitat 2918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Marl fens. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2918-LifeCycle 2918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Diurnal and comes to light. Single brooded. Apparently associated with marl fens. These areas are few in number and some have been drained. The numbers of this species will decrease with time. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2918-TrophicStrategy 2918 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Presumably native grasses. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2919-ConservationStatus 2919 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Seldom encountered, but probably under collected and of no concern." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2919-Cyclicity 2919 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late July to early August. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2919-Distribution 2919 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species known from Massachusetts and New York (Fernald 1896, Forbes 1923), Ontario (Kearfott 1908), New Jersey (Forbes 1923), Quebec (Forbes 1923, Handfield 1997); and from Michigan (Scholtens 1996). In Alberta, known only from the Edmonton area." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2919-GeneralDescription 2919 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small Crambus (18-22 mm wingspan). Forewing yellowish or brownish ochre; scimitar-shaped silver streak unusually wide, almost reaching the costa, sometimes with a broad brown longitudinal ray, strongly toothed below; no silver patch between streak and subterminal line but middle of terminal space white; subterminal line zigzag; black, somewhat elongate dots in the lower part of the terminal line; hind wing smoky with a white fringe. There is really nothing else that is similar." 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2919-Habitat 2919 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mainly in bogs. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2919-LifeCycle 2919 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Early stages unknown. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2919-TrophicStrategy 2919 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larval host plants unknown. 5/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2838-ConservationStatus 2838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2838-Cyclicity 2838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight peaking in mid July to mid August, depending on altitude and snowpack." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2838-Distribution 2838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The core of Hydaspe's distribution is the Pacific Northwest, ranging north to central BC and the mountains of southern Alberta, and south to Colorado and California (Scott 1986). There is an isolated population in the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan (Layberry et al. 1998), so it should be watched for on the Alberta side of the Hills." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2838-GeneralDescription 2838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The hindwing underside is diagnostic; no other Speyeria has a maroon-brown underside with creamy-white in place of the usual silvery-white discs. Subspecies rhodope occurs in Alberta (Kondla 2001). 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2838-Habitat 2838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Most often found near moist subalpine coniferous forests in Alberta. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2838-LifeCycle 2838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The mature larvae are black and spiny, and lack pale markings (Guppy and Shepard 2001). In the US, first-instar larvae hibernate without feeding (Scott 1986). This species prefers cool/moist coniferous forests of the mountains to the dry grasslands inhabited by most other Speyeria." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2838-TrophicStrategy 2838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on violets (Viola sp.) (Guppy & Shepard 2001), and adults are attracted to yellow composite flowers (Bird et al. 1995)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2839-ConservationStatus 2839 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2839-Cyclicity 2839 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight, peak emergence ranging from early July to mid August depending on elevation." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2839-Distribution 2839 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "AK south to CA, NM, and AZ (Scott 1986), east to southwestern Manitoba (Layberry et al. 1998)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2839-GeneralDescription 2839 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This fritillary is the smallest of the genus (wingspan 40 - 50 mm), and it's small size, orange upperside ground colour and straw and green underside are good diagnostic characters.\nThis is a variable species, and alpine populations tend to be darker ventrally and dorsally. Subspecies eurynome is the name associated with Alberta populations." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2839-Habitat 2839 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mountain meadows and prairie grasslands. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2839-LifeCycle 2839 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are black and spiny, typical of the genus. There are two pale yellow dorsal lines (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The Mormon Fritillary is equally at home on dry prairie and alpine and subalpine meadows." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2839-TrophicStrategy 2839 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae reportedly feed on violets (Guppy & Shepard 2001), although some mountain populations may use other plants where violets are not available (Bird et al. 1995)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2592-ConservationStatus 2592 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species has a limited range in Alberta. It is currently ranked S2 by ANHIC. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2592-Cyclicity 2592 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There is one yearly generation, and adults are most commonly encountered in mid June." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2592-Distribution 2592 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A species of the temperate woodlands of eastern North America, at its western range limit in central Alberta (Opler 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2592-GeneralDescription 2592 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Peck's Skipper (Polites peckius) is the only other skipper that shares the large, brown-bordered yellowish patch on the hindwing underside; in Hobomok the pale patch is continous throughout the median area, and in Peck's this patch is separated into two areas by a median dark patch. These two species can also be separated by the presence of the prominent black dash on the forewing of Peck's. The female Hobomok Skipper figured in Bird et al. (1995) is actually a female Peck's Skipper (N. Kondla, pers. comm.), See Layberry et al. (1998) for an illustration of a Hobomok female. Only the nominate subspecies occurs in Alberta." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2592-Habitat 2592 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassy openings in or near aspen forest. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2592-LifeCycle 2592 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are incompletely known. Mature larvae are dark green to brown, with small, spine-bearing, tubercles, and the head is black and covered with white hairs (McCabe & Post 1977). Male Hobomok Skippers perch on vegetation to await females (McCabe & Post 1977)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2592-TrophicStrategy 2592 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Most of the literature reports consist of vague references to 'grasses'; Layberry et al. (1998) include panic grass (Panicum spp.) and blue grass (Poa spp.). Adults nectar at daisy fleabane (Erigeron philadelphicus) in eastern North Dakota (McCabe & Post 1977), and legumes such as vetches (Vicia spp.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Saskatchewan (Hooper 1977)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2593-ConservationStatus 2593 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2593-Cyclicity 2593 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One generation per year, with the peak flight period in late June to mid July." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2593-GeneralDescription 2593 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Draco Skipper is most similar to the Hesperia skippers with its prominent whitish markings on the hindwing underside. It can be distinguished from all similar species by the length of the hindwing spot that extends towards the wing margin (it is 'out of line' with the other spots): in draco, this spot is longer than in Hesperia skippers, and extends towards the wing base at least to the inner edge of the adjacent spots. In Hesperia, it does not extend as far as the inner edge of the median spots." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2593-Habitat 2593 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Montane, alpine and subalpine grasslands and meadows." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2593-LifeCycle 2593 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The immature stages are unknown. Adult males sip moisture at mud (Layberry et al. 1998). 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2593-TrophicStrategy 2593 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy There are no specific reports of larval host plants; larvae are presumed to feed on grasses. Adults nectar at yellow composites (Compositae) and Footsteps-of-Spring (Sanicula arctopoides) in other parts of this species' range (Opler 1999). 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2830-ConservationStatus 2830 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2830-Cyclicity 2830 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The single yearly brood flies from early July to early August, depending on snowpack." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2830-Distribution 2830 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Siberia to Alaska, south to the Willmore Wilderness, Alberta and east to the west shore Hudson Bay (Layberry et al. 1998, Bird et al. 1995), with isolated populations in Wyoming (Scott 1986)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2830-GeneralDescription 2830 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The black-spotted, orange upperside is immediately recognizable as belonging to a Boloria. The hindwing shape, with a slight outward point at the outer margin, is however unique to napaea. Females are slightly larger and have a washed-out pale orange upperside ground colour. D. Macaulay image
\nSubspecies alaskensis, which actually appears to be a species distinct from the European napaea (see Opler & Warren 2003 for a literature summary), occurs in Alberta." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2830-Habitat 2830 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A species of moist alpine and subalpine meadows. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2830-LifeCycle 2830 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages of North American populations are undescribed. Larvae may overwinter twice, taking two seasons to reach maturity. Males patrol about 30 cm above the ground (Scott 1986)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2830-TrophicStrategy 2830 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval foodplant is unknown; possibly Vaccinium (Guppy & Shepard 2001) and / or Alpine Bistort (Polygonum viviparum) in BC (Scott 1986). 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3859-ConservationStatus 3859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but uncommon species; no concerns 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3859-Cyclicity 3859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from the end of June through early August. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3859-Distribution 3859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southwestern Saskatchewan, central Alberta and south-central Yukon, south to New Mexico, Arizona and California. In Alberta it has been collected from the Milk and Red Deer River valleys east to the Empress area, north to the southern boreal forest at Edmonton and in the mountains at Jasper." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3859-GeneralDescription 3859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large Euxoa (4.1-4.3 cm wingspan) with light brown or grey-brown forewings with obscure markings. The transverse lines are very faintly marked, with the veins distad of the postmedian line lightly lined with dark scales. The reniform is a diffuse patch of grey scales, partially narrowly outlined by dark scales, mainly on the side adjacent to the orbicular. The orbicular is oval shaped but drawn to a point toward the reniform. It has a thin dark border and is filled with the same color forewing ground. The terminal line is a series of small dark triangles, and the fringe is concolorous with the rest of the wing. The hind wings are light smoky brown, darker toward the margin and in females. The genitalia are very distinct, with a prominent cornutus near the base and long, heavy symmetrical saccular extensions that curl around the ends of the valves.\n\nSimilar brown Euxoa i.e. E. messoria differ in lacking the black basal dash and in having a doubled postmedian line (single in choris), as well as genitalic differences. \n\nE. choris belongs to the choris group in the subgenus Euxoa. Keys to the subgenera, species groups and species are provided in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3859-Habitat 3859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mainly dry coniferous forest; dry wooded riparian areas in the parklands and grasslands. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3859-LifeCycle 3859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood with adults in late summer. The immature stages are unknown. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3860-ConservationStatus 3860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "We have not encountered this drab moth during our collecting in southern Alberta over the past 15 years, and it must be either quite local or rare." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3860-Cyclicity 3860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens have been collected from mid July through mid-August. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3860-Distribution 3860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Clausa has a rather restricted range and is known mainly from the northwestern Great Plains in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, south to southwestern Montana and Nebraska. In Alberta it has been found in the arid grasslands region, north to the Drumheller region. It was originally described from specimens from Lethbridge." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3860-GeneralDescription 3860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size light yellow-buff moth with a paler costa and reduced dark markings. Dark markings consist of a dark basal dash just below the cubital vein and black filling in the space before and after the rounded orbicular spot. The AM and PM lines are lightly marked, single and scalloped. The reniform is narrowly outlined and there are a number of small dark chevrons in the subterminal area. The hindwings are unevenly shaded with light and dark brown, often with a dark median line, and with the dark scaling more extensive in females. Male antennae markedly biserrate; female simple. Clausa is a member of the idahoensis complex, and is very similar to some of the others in the group. Lafontaine (1987) provides a key to the group, although the group is known to contain several additional undescribed species in Alberta. The genitalia of both sexes are indistinguishable from those of Euxoa idahoensis.\n\nEuxoa clausa appears to have a very restricted range. It was originally described from specimens from Lethbridge." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3860-Habitat 3860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid native shortgrass prairie. The few collection sites we have suggest it may prefer the cooler and more mesic grasslands closer to the mountains rather than the truly arid grasslands to the southeast. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3860-LifeCycle 3860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3860-TrophicStrategy 3860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like most Euxoa species, the larvae are likely generalists on a variety of herbs." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3696-ConservationStatus 3696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rarely collected in Alberta, which is at the northwestern edge of its range." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3696-Cyclicity 3696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late June. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3696-Distribution 3696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Great Plains from southeastern southern Manitoba west to southeastern Alberta, southwest to Arizona. Also in remnant prairies east of the Mississippi (Ohio, Illinois). In Alberta it has been collected in the arid shortgrass prairie region, north to Medicine Hat." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3696-GeneralDescription 3696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2 cm wingspan) bright white moth with the outer half of the forewing crossed by a broad dark brown and grey band except for the costa, which is white for two-thirds of its length and divided at the mid-point by an orange patch. There is a round dark spot ringed with paler scales at the end of the disc. The hindwings are white, shaded with grey brown near the margin, more extensively in the female. Fringes white and antennae simple. The related Conochares arizonae is similar but has more dark scaling on both wings and lacks the yellow-orange of binocula." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3696-Habitat 3696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry native grassland. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3696-LifeCycle 3696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but are also easily flushed during the day. There is a single annual brood. The larva has not been described and the host plants are unknown." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3696-TrophicStrategy 3696 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2840-ConservationStatus 2840 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Alberta populations are not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2840-Cyclicity 2840 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking from mid July to mid August." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2840-Distribution 2840 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern BC to Cypress Hills, SK south to CA and CO. North along the Pacific coast to southern AK (Layberry et al. 1998, Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2840-GeneralDescription 2840 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A somewhat variable species that can hard to distinguish from S. egleis and S. edwardsii. The ground colour of the hindwing underside is reddish brown, while egleis and edwardsii generally have an overall darker, more greenish hindwing, with a poorly defined submarginal pale band. The upperside of Zerene also has smaller dark markings than Egleis. Subspecies garretti inhabits Alberta." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2840-Habitat 2840 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prefers fescue grasslands of the southern mountains and foothills. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2840-LifeCycle 2840 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown in Alberta. The pink-tan eggs are laid near violets (Scott 1986), and mature larvae vary from orange-brown to grey to black, but generally with a lateral stripe (Layberry et al. 1998), and possess an eversible gland on the thorax which emits a musky smell, a possible anti-predator mechanism (McCorkle in Scott 1986). Larvae, like those of most other Speyeria, have spine-bearing protubernaces (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Females are able to delay egg laying until the cooler, moister conditions of late summer prevail (Scott 1986, Guppy & Shepard 2001). Subspecies hippolyta, the Oregon Silverspot, is threatened in the US, and ssp. bremneri (Bremner's Fritillary) is of special concern in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2840-TrophicStrategy 2840 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are not known in Alberta, but probably include one or more species of violet as in BC (Hardy 1958). Adults take nectar at gaillardia and thistles (Hooper 1973)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2841-ConservationStatus 2841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species; no concerns." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2841-Cyclicity 2841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through early July. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2841-Distribution 2841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to the Pacific coast and Vancouver Island, south to NC and CO. In Alberta it has been collected throughout most of the wooded areas, including the southern half of the Boreal forest, the mountains and foothills, the Aspen Parklands and along the wooded river valleys of the arid southern grasslands." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2841-GeneralDescription 2841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-large (4.5-5.5 cm wingspan) moth with powdery grey forewings with darker markings and white hindwings. Forewings with the normal markings somewhat broken and blurred, the outer part of the postmedian line and a partial reniform spot most prominent. The orbicular spot a small, hollow ring. There is no basal dash. The anal ""dagger mark"" is blurred but obvious. The male hindwings are white with grey scales along the veins. The female is larger and is more heavily dusted with grey on the hindwings. Antennae in both sexes are simple. Most likely to be mistaken for the American Dagger Moth, which is darker grey-brown on both wings and has a doubled, white-filled postmedian line, or the Cottonwood Dagger Moth, which is smaller and has narrower wings with a basal dash on the forewings.\nThis large grey heavy-bodied dagger-moth is fairly common and widespread in Alberta. The large, pale and poorly marked western populations of A. dactylina found in Alberta were until recently treated as a separate species, A. hesperida (Large Grey Dagger-moth). Both ""species"" were listed for Alberta by Bowman (1951). Occassional grey-black melanic specimens have been seen from the coast of BC." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2841-Habitat 2841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2841-LifeCycle 2841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A. dactylina is a solitary defoliator of a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, and is usually associated with poplars in Alberta. There is a single annual brood, which overwinters as pupae. Adults come readily to light. The larvae (see Ives and Wong, 1988 p.124) are covered with stiff brown hair dorsally and yellow or white hair laterally, with several small tufts of longer black hair." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2841-TrophicStrategy 2841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, larvae have been collected from poplar (Populus). Elsewhere reported larval hosts include a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, including including Red alder (Alnus rubra), birches (Betula), hawthorn (Crataegus), willows (Salix) and other deciduous trees and shrubs (see Prentice et al, 1962 and Rings et al, 1992 for more comprehensive lists)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2594-ConservationStatus 2594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern in Alberta. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2594-Cyclicity 2594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Most commonly encountered between mid June and mid July. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2594-Distribution 2594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern BC east to eastern Quebec, south to Arizona and Virginia (Opler 1999, Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2594-GeneralDescription 2594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Most similar to the Woodland Skipper (Ochlodes sylvanoides), from which it is distinguished by the dark marginal border of the forewing upperside: this is obscure and not sharply defined in P. mystic, while O. sylvanoides has sharp, zigzag border with the median orange area." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2594-Habitat 2594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A species of mesic grasslands and meadows throughout the province. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2594-LifeCycle 2594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are greenish white (Bird et al. 1995). Larvae are dark brown with white mottling, short spines and a dark brown, hairy head (McCabe & Post 1977). Bird et al. (1995) report that half-grown larvae overwinter, but Saunders (1869) states that pupation occurs in August about a month after the eggs are laid. Adults often perch on vegetation and take nectar at legumes (Hooper 1973), including alfalfa. The Long Dash Skipper frequents moist grassy areas, often near water, particularly in the prairie grasslands." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2594-TrophicStrategy 2594 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on broad-leaved grasses including blue grass (Poa agassizensis, P. pratensis) quack grass (Agropyron repens), Timothy grass (Phleum pratense) and Agrostis gigantea (Bird et al. 1995, Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2595-ConservationStatus 2595 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2595-Cyclicity 2595 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Most common in July; one brood per year. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2595-Distribution 2595 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Peck's Skipper is primarily a species of east-central North America, ranging from eastern B.C. and northern Alberta east to Labrador, south to Georgia and northern Texas (Opler 1999)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2595-GeneralDescription 2595 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Hobomok Skipper (Poanes hobomok) is the only other skipper that shares the large, brown-bordered yellowish patch on the hindwing underside; in Peck's, this patch is separated into two areas by a median dark patch, and in Hobomok the pale patch is continuous throughout the median area. Males of these two species can also be separated by the presence of the prominent black dash on the forewing of P. peckius." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2595-Habitat 2595 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moist meadows, ditches and fens throughout the province." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2595-LifeCycle 2595 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The description of the immature stages is summarized by Guppy & Sheppard (2001) as follows: The egg is pale green and round, mature larvae are dark maroon with light mottling and covered in dark hairs. This is presumed to be the overwintering stage. The reddish purple pupa is formed in a loose cocoon made within a bent blade of grass.\nIt is generally considered to be a prairie / parkland species in the prairie provinces (Hooper 1973, Bird et al. 1995), but it also occurs locally in sedge marshes of the boreal forest north to at least La Butte Creek on the Slave River (Macaulay & Pohl 2002). Peck's Skipper also colonizes man-made, grassy habitats in the northern boreal parts of its range (Hooper 1973, Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2595-TrophicStrategy 2595 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) in Manitoba (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults take nectar at flowering legumes, and are particularly fond of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (Hooper 1973)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2616-ConservationStatus 2616 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/29/03 0:00 2/6/15 11:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2616-Cyclicity 2616 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies in a single yearly brood from May to August, most common in mid June to early July." 1/29/03 0:00 2/6/15 11:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2616-Distribution 2616 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Although this species is widespread throughout western North America from Alaska to northern Mexico (Opler 1999), it is not strictly a western species as the name implies: it also occurs east to north-central Ontario, with an isolated population on the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/29/03 0:00 2/6/15 11:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2616-GeneralDescription 2616 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The pale, chalky undersides with tailed hindwings make this species very distinctive." 1/29/03 0:00 2/6/15 11:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2616-Habitat 2616 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Widespread in many habitat types; fond of meadows, clearings roadsides and pastures." 1/29/03 0:00 2/6/15 11:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2616-LifeCycle 2616 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown for Alberta. Mature larvae are variable in colour, and range from yellow to green with a dark green or reddish dorsal stripe, pink lateral stripe, and red or pink oblique bands (Layberry et al. 1998). Larvae overwinter and are often tended by ants (Layberry et al. 1998). Guppy & Shepard (2001) provide a picture of the pupa, which is cream-coloured with a row of black dorsal and lateral spots, and a covering of fine hairs." 1/29/03 0:00 2/6/15 11:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2616-TrophicStrategy 2616 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are legume-feeders, although no hosts have been recorded for Alberta; elsewhere, they feed on pea-vine (Lathyrus sp.) (Layberry et al. 1998) and vetch (Vicia americana) (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/29/03 0:00 2/6/15 11:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2617-ConservationStatus 2617 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2617-Cyclicity 2617 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight annually, as early as April in the south to August in the mountains; peaks during June." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2617-Distribution 2617 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Silvery Blue occurs as several subspecies across most of Canada and the USA, from Alaska to northern Georgia and Baja California, Mexico (Opler 1999). Further research may show that some of these populations may actually be different species (Dirig and Cryan 1991)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2617-GeneralDescription 2617 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The uniform brown-grey underside with a single row of white-edged submarginal dots, and complete absence of marginal markings, make this an easily identifiable blue. Subspecies couperi occurs throughout most of Alberta, and oro is found in the extreme south (Bird et al. 1995). The larger, paler, populations in the southwestern Mountains are subspecies columbia (C. Schmidt, unpubl. data)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2617-Habitat 2617 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ubiquitous throughout many open habitats, from alpine meadows to alfalfa fields." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2617-LifeCycle 2617 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid on the unopened flower buds of the host plant, and larvae feed on recently opened flowers (Layberry et al. 1998). The colour of the larva is dependent on the type and part of the plant being eaten, ranging from green (when feeding on leaves) to whitish or purple when feeding on flowers (Layberry et al. 1998). Larvae always have a darker dorsal and lateral stripe and pale oblique lateral bands and are usually tended by ants (Layberry et al. 1998). The pupa hibernates.\nThe Silvery Blue is one of the few species able to take advantage of non-native plants seeded along roadsides, where the larvae feed on alfalfa (Layberry et al. 1998). It is equally at home in native prairie grasslands and alpine meadows, and males sometimes form large mud-puddling congregations." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2617-TrophicStrategy 2617 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval food plant is not reported in Alberta. In eastern Canada, a number of legumes (Fabaceae) are used, including introduced species such as cow vetch (Vicia cracca), white sweet clover (Melilotus alba), trefoil (Lotus spp.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and natives such as wild pea (Lathyrus spp.) and milk-vetch (Astragalus spp.) (Layberry et al. 1998)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3398-ConservationStatus 3398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3398-Cyclicity 3398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3398-Distribution 3398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba (Chiasson, 1986), Illinois (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3398-GeneralDescription 3398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 2.3 to 3mm in length and is dark blackish brown except for the pedicel of antennal segment 3 and the wings, which are colourless. The sides and base of the head are slightly reticulated, and the postocular setae are well developed and pointed. The prothoracic setae are well developed and vary from pointed to blunt. Females are brachypterous or macropterous, while males are brachypterous and smaller than females. The pelta is broadly triangular, and the wing holding setae are well developed (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3398-Habitat 3398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Under the bark of various dead branches, including Chokecherry and Peach (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3398-LifeCycle 3398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented.\n\n 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3398-TrophicStrategy 3398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feeds on fungal spores (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3713-ConservationStatus 3713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon but widespread and in relatively secure habitats. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3713-Cyclicity 3713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta in late May and June. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3713-Distribution 3713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western Alberta and Montana west to BC, Washington and Oregon. In Alberta it has been collected in the foothills and mountains from Nordegg south, east to the Drumheller area and Lethbridge." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3713-GeneralDescription 3713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.8-3.0 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth. The forewings of the male are blue-grey, with contrasting black antemedian and postmedian bands, the former bleeding outward into the median area along its upper half. The terminal band and fringe are dark grey. The hind wings are pale buff-orange, with prominent and slightly sinuous dull black post median, sub terminal and terminal bands and a pale fringe. There is a dark discal spot, and dark scaling running from the basal area to the post median band. Sexes similar, but females are browner and less sharply marked.\n\nMost likely to be mistaken for a Drasteria (petricola or hudsonica), but annexa has three narrow bands crossing the hindwing, whereas Drasteria have two wider and more sinuous ones. Other Alberta Caenurgina (erechtea and crassiuscula) are larger, paler in color or have less contrasting patterns. The ventral surface in particular is prominently banded in annexa and unmarked or at best faintly banded in the others.\n" 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3713-Habitat 3713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry montane grasslands, badlands and arid valley slopes." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3713-LifeCycle 3713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults fly during the day, and possibly also at night, as do the other members of the genus. There appears to be a single brood in Alberta, with adults flying in the spring." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3697-ConservationStatus 3697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but uncommon moth; possibly a dune specialist. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3697-Cyclicity 3697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid June to mid July. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3697-Distribution 3697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New England south to Florida and Arizona; north to southern Manitoba and west to the southern interior of British Columbia. In Alberta it has been collected locally from the Milk River north to Lloyminster and Redwater, west to Olds." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3697-GeneralDescription 3697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.8-2.4 cm wingspan) bright yellow and purple-brown moth. The head, thorax and basal half of the forewings are bright yellow, except for a small spot of purple-brown at the wing base. The sharply divided outer half of the forewing including the fringe is dark purple-brown, mixed with white scales in the apical area, giving it a slightly frosted appearance. The hindwings are light brown or white peppered with brown scales, which also line the veins and form a diffuse dark outer border. The hindwing fringe is brown on the basal half and white on the outer half. Antennae simple; sexes alike. Impossible to mistake for any other Alberta insect." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3697-Habitat 3697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry open areas such as sandy prairie, old beaches and dunes." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3697-LifeCycle 3697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light, but are also easily flushed during the day. There is a single brood. The larvae have apparently not been described." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3697-TrophicStrategy 3697 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown. No Alberta data. The only reported host is Trumpets or Pitcherplant (Sarracenia flava) (Covell, 1984). This would be a very unusual host and is certainly a case of mistaken identification, The unrelated but superficially almost identical Exyra semicrocea (Gn.) does use Sarracena as its host." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3698-ConservationStatus 3698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread species, no concerns." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3698-Cyclicity 3698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from late May to mid August. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3698-Distribution 3698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern Ontario west to British Columbia, south to Texas. Widespread in southern Alberta, north to Edmonton and west to Calgary." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3698-GeneralDescription 3698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A very small (1.8-2.1 cm) narrow-winged dull grey, olive or yellow moth with few markings. The head, thorax and forewings are dull greenish grey to olive, immaculate in most Alberta specimens but with a small dark dot at the reniform and orbicular, and with a dark vertical mark indicating the lower part of a postmedian line in others. Fringe concolorous. Hindwings light to dark sooty brown with white fringes. Adults are variable in color, from dull yellow with fairly distinct mrkings to grey without any markings.\n\nOne of the smallest noctuid moths, easily overlooked or mistaken for a species of microlepidoptera.\n" 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3698-Habitat 3698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry wooded areas, grasslands and badlands." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3698-LifeCycle 3698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae have not been described and larval hosts are unknown. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3698-TrophicStrategy 3698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere they have been associated with cultivated sunflowers (Helianthus sp.) 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3699-ConservationStatus 3699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3699-Cyclicity 3699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through mid August; possibly two broods. 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3699-Distribution 3699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Manitoba west to southwestern BC., south to Utah, Colorado, Texas and Arizona. Widespread in the southern half of Alberta, from the foothills and the southern edge of the boreal forest south." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3699-GeneralDescription 3699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5-3.0 cm wingspan, narrow-winged moth. The forewings are dark brown with a lighter patch in the anal angle, and with the costa broadly pale yellow for about half its length, then with two pale yellow blotches, one small and one larger near the apex. Fringe mostly dark. Hindwings sooty brown, with pale fringe. The extent of pale yellow along the leading edge of the forewing may vary considerably. Sexes similar." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3699-Habitat 3699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A wide range, from fens and bogs and foothill valleys to riparian woodland in the arid grasslands." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3699-LifeCycle 3699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be more than one brood in Alberta, with peak flights in late May and late July. The larvae have apparently not been described and the larval hosts are unknown." 11/12/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3883-ConservationStatus 3883 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3883-Cyclicity 3883 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies primarily in July and August, peaking in late July." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3883-Distribution 3883 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from southern BC and Alberta to Colorado. In Alberta it is found primarily in the foothills and mountains from Nordegg southward (McGuffin 1972)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3883-GeneralDescription 3883 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewing pale grey with fine dark striations and usually weakly developed costal wedges; Black AM and PM lines variably developed, median line usually absent. Black discal spot. Hindwing slightly paler, sometimes with PM and submarginal line and discal spot. Terminal line finely checkered black and white. Sexes similar.\nWing pattern very similar to some Semiothisa, but these have simple male antennae, not pectinate as in Itame.\nBowman (1951) erroneously reported Alberta specimens of this species as I. denticulodes (Hulst) (McGuffin 1972).\n" 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3883-Habitat 3883 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open woodlands and parkland. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3883-LifeCycle 3883 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle McGuffin (1972) describes the immature stages in detail. This species is often found together with I. bitacta in AB and BC (McGuffin1972). Adults come to light. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3883-TrophicStrategy 3883 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on gooseberries and currants (Ribes spp.)(McGuffin 1972). 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2847-ConservationStatus 2847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Restricted Canadian range; Ranked ""Sensitive"" in Alberta, possibly extirpated in Manitoba." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2847-Cyclicity 2847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The singly yearly brood flies from mid June to early July. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2847-Distribution 2847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan south to New Mexico (Scott 1986). Previously also occurred in Manitoba, where it appears to be extirpated (Layberry et al. 1998)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2847-GeneralDescription 2847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Sandy, greyish-brown with a broad, irregular tan-white submarginal band. Two forewing eyespots. The underside is most similar to Oeneis alberta, but the contrasty, grey-brown and white upperside of ridingsii is unique. \nSubspecies minimus occurs in Alberta." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2847-Habitat 2847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, sparsely vegetated prairie grasslands." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2847-LifeCycle 2847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown in Alberta. Larvae are light brown with a number of darker and lighter longitudinal lines and have two short 'tails' (Scott 1986). Adults do not stray far from their natal grounds, and live 5-11 days on average depending on weather conditions (Scott 1986). Males perch in the morning on small hilltops to await passing females. The short, rapid flight caused Scott (1986) to call this the Grasshopper Satyr." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2847-TrophicStrategy 2847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown in Alberta. Blue Grama Grass (Bouteloa gracilis) is a host in the US. Adults occasionally nectar at yellow composites (Scott 1986). 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2848-ConservationStatus 2848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common and widespread in Alberta; no concerns. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2848-Cyclicity 2848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yealry flight, peaking from early June to late July, depending on habitat." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2848-Distribution 2848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska south to New Mexico, east to Manitoba (Scott 1986)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2848-GeneralDescription 2848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Upperside brown with a row black submarginal eyesspots set in rust-orange patches. Underside similar, but the hindwing has a broad, lightly contrasting median band bordered by a lighter grey-brown area. Females have a lighter underside and generally more eyespots.\nE. mancinus is similar, but lacks all hindwing eyespots, and has a white spot on the ventral hindwing. \nD. Macaulay image
\nThis species was described from specimens collected at Rock Lake near Jasper (Kondla 1996). Subspecies sineocellata is found throughout the boreal and parkland region, the nominate subspecies occupying the mountain region. Subspecies are weakly differentiated and grade into one another (Bird et al. 1995)." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2848-Habitat 2848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic grasslands and meadows. 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2848-LifeCycle 2848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are laid on various substrates near the food plant. Larvae have two short 'tails', and are yellowish-green with a dark dorsal line and yellowish subdorsal and lateral lines. Third and fourth instar larvae hibernate (Scott 1986). Adults have a weak, floppy flight and males patrol meadows in search of females." 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2848-TrophicStrategy 2848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval host plants are unknown. Larvae eat grasses and sedges in captivity (Scott 1986). Adults visit flowers and sip at mud (Layberry et al. 1998). 4/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3137-ConservationStatus 3137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3137-Cyclicity 3137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early July to late August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3137-Distribution 3137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia, east to Labrador and as far south as Colorado. In Alberta, this species is mainly confined the mountain and foothill regions (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3137-GeneralDescription 3137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are yellow-brown with the vertex of the head a uniform deep brown. Spurs are brown. The dorso-posterior edge of segment 9 in males, is developed posterad and acuminate. Basal article of the clasper is shallowly indented (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3137-Habitat 3137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mix of streams ranging from mountainous to hill, torrential to sluggish, rocky to earthen bottoms." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3137-LifeCycle 3137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinters (in Idaho) as a 4th instar larva and pupates late May to early July. Adults fly in the afternoon, with activity coming to a halt at dusk (LaFontaine, 1981)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3137-TrophicStrategy 3137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed mainly on decaying leaves (LaFontaine, 1981)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3138-ConservationStatus 3138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common in the Rockies. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3138-Cyclicity 3138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid-August to mid-September. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3138-Distribution 3138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extends from Alaska to Colorado and Utah, largely being confined to the Rocky Mountains. In Alberta, this species is found in the mountains and foothills between 4000 and 6500 feet in altitude (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3138-GeneralDescription 3138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are pale yellow with the vertex of the head mottled red-brown. Male forewings are pale yellowish brown, heavily irrorate with darker areas in the veins. In male genitalia, the dorsal lobe of the clasper's distal article is directed meso-anterad (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3138-Habitat 3138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat All sizes of mountain streams. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3138-TrophicStrategy 3138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3139-ConservationStatus 3139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread and very common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3139-Cyclicity 3139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found approximately late May to late June. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3139-Distribution 3139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extends from Yukon south to California and Colorado. Also has been recorded from the northern Appalachians of New Hampshire (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3139-GeneralDescription 3139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are yellow with the vertex of the head brownish yellow. Spurs are yellow-brown. In males, the dorsum of segment 9 is about 5 times the length of the sternum. Distal article of the clasper has an upper, basal rounded process directed dorsad (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3139-Habitat 3139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Cosmopolitan, any type of running water." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3139-LifeCycle 3139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults start flying in the evening but stop upon arrival of complete darkness (LaFontaine, 1981)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3139-TrophicStrategy 3139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2618-ConservationStatus 2618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status There are less than 20 known occurrences of this species in the province. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2618-Cyclicity 2618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking in mid-June." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2618-Distribution 2618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Distributed from the dry valleys of southern BC east to the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan (Layberry et al. 1998) south to Baja California and New Mexico (Opler 1999). 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2618-GeneralDescription 2618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description One of our most distinctive blues with its white arrow-shaped marks on the hindwing underside and black-and-white checkered wing fringe. Subspecies daunia (W.H. Edwards) occurs in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995). 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2618-Habitat 2618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie grassland valley slopes and hillsides near lupine patches. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2618-LifeCycle 2618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The immature stages are incompletely described; the mature larvae can be yellow-brown or green with pale or reddish dorsal and lateral stripes and oblique lateral bands (Layberry et al. 1998). Pupae hibernate (Layberry et al. 1998). This species tends to be uncommon and local in Alberta. 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2618-TrophicStrategy 2618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplant is not confirmed for Canadian populations, but adults are always closely associated with lupines (Lupinus spp.) in the west (Bird et al. 1995, Guppy & Shepard 2001). The distribution of Lupinus argenteus in Alberta closely resembles that of the Arrowhead Blue (Moss 1992, Bird et al. 1995)." 1/29/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2619-ConservationStatus 2619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/29/03 0:00 2/26/13 13:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2619-Cyclicity 2619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are most often encountered between mid July and early August. 1/29/03 0:00 2/26/13 13:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2619-Distribution 2619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species occurs in three population segregates, one in the coast ranges of central BC and northern Washington, the Rockies from Pink Mountain, BC south to northern New Mexico, and central Oregon to central California (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999)." 1/29/03 0:00 2/26/13 13:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2619-GeneralDescription 2619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The bright, brassy uppersides are matched only by the Ruddy Copper (L. rubida), which lacks the many underside spots and occurs in prairie habitat. Alberta populations are appropriately assigned to subspecies henryae (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 1/29/03 0:00 2/26/13 13:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2619-Habitat 2619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found along alpine gullies and streambeds, occasionally below treeline." 1/29/03 0:00 2/26/13 13:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2619-LifeCycle 2619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Little is known about the immature stages of this species. In the U.S., the egg is a dirty-white colour matching that of the rocks on which it is often laid (Scott 1992). The mature larva is green with faint markings, and the pupa is brown (Scott 1992)." 1/29/03 0:00 2/26/13 13:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2619-TrophicStrategy 2619 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae presumably feed on mountain sorrel (Oxyria digyna) and dock (Rumex spp.) (Layberry et al. 1998). 1/29/03 0:00 2/26/13 13:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22662-ConservationStatus 22662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22662-Cyclicity 22662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid May to early June in Alberta, as early as late April elsewhere (Freeman 1958)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22662-Distribution 22662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia, north to the Northwest Territories, east to Nova Scotia, and south to Florida and Washington." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22662-GeneralDescription 22662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is pink with some grey infuscation especially towards the outer margin. Broad reddish brown bands are present in the basal, median, and postmedian areas. The middle of these bands often are toothed or pinched and there may be some black markings through the middle of the wing. The head and thorax are reddish brown, and the hindwings and abdomen are medium greyish brown.\nThe larva is green with a darker green middorsal stripe and dark pinacula. It has a light brown head and prothorax (Duncan 2006)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22662-Habitat 22662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal forest. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22662-LifeCycle 22662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species overwinters as a pupal stage in the leaf litter and adults are active from May to June. The larva initially starts as a needle-miner and in later instars silks together several needles to form a tube from where they feed from (Duncan 2006). 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22662-TrophicStrategy 22662 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Jack (Pinus banksianae), Lodgepole (P. contorta), and Whitebark (P. albicaulis) pines (Duncan 2006)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2596-ConservationStatus 2596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Restricted range in Canada; Population survey and tracking work needed. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2596-Cyclicity 2596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults occur in late May. One yearly brood. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2596-Distribution 2596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A Great Plains species, found from southern Alberta and Saskatchewan south to Durango, Mexico (Opler 1999). This species was first reported in Canada from Saskatchewan specimens taken in 1971 (Hooper 1973), and in Alberta in 1977 (Bird et al. 1995). Recent examination of specimens in the Strickland Museum has led to the discovery of a specimen from Medicine Hat collected in 1928, previously misidentified as Hesperia uncas (C. Schmidt unpubl. data)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2596-GeneralDescription 2596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The white maculation and white veins on the hindwing underside are similar to those of the Uncas Skipper (Hesperia uncas), but the Rhesus skipper is smaller and never has any orange markings on the upperside." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2596-Habitat 2596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Short-grass prairie in the arid southeastern part of the province. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2596-LifeCycle 2596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The early stages are not known in Alberta. Layberry et al. (1998) state that the larvae are undescribed, but the following description is given in Bird et al. (1995): The egg is pale green in colour, first instar larvae are cream-coloured with a black head, and mature larvae are either light grey-green or brownish green.\nThis species appears to undergo large yearly fluctuations in abundance; in South Dakota, the Rhesus Skipper was absent in localities where it was common the previous year (J.S. Nordin, cited in McCabe & Post 1977). This may be related to winter weather conditions, as populations of P. rhesus appear to occur in areas of little to no snow cover (Hooper 1973, McCabe & Post 1977). In 2000, the Rhesus Skipper was apparently more common than usual, and several new colonies were located (C. Schmidt unpubl. data)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2596-TrophicStrategy 2596 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Colorado larvae feed on Blue Grama grass (Bouteloua gracilis) (Scott 1986). Adults take nectar at Astragalus flowers in North Dakota (McCabe & Post 1977). 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3714-ConservationStatus 3714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species; no concerns." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3714-Cyclicity 3714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from early May through mid September. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3714-Distribution 3714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout most of the USA and Canada; in Canada from the maritimes west to BC and north to James Bay and Yukon. Throughout most of Alberta, from the Milk River to the Caribou Mountains." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3714-GeneralDescription 3714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3-3.2 cm wingspan) brownish grey (male) or brown (female) moth active both during the day and night. The forewing of the male is crossed by two the antemedian one running obliquely to the lower wing margin and touching or almost touching the vertical postmedian band near the lower margin. Crassiuscula is smaller (particularly the small spring brood specimens formerly treated as sp. distincta) and less ""crisply"" marked than the similar C. erechtea. The female is brown, is a bit larger and has more diffuse marking than does the male.\n\nSome larger male specimens may be very difficult to separate from C. erechtea, but these can be identified by checking the genitalia, which differ greatly in the two species." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3714-Habitat 3714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Roadsides, old fields, pastures, meadows and other open grassy areas." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3714-LifeCycle 3714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This moth is somewhat unusual in that it is active both during the day and at night. There are two or more broods per year, with an early brood of smaller adults appearing in May." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3714-TrophicStrategy 3714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere the larvae are reported to eat grasses (Gramineae) (Rockburne and Lafontaine, 1976), clover (Trifolium), lupines (Lupinus) , and grasses (Covell, 1984)." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3715-ConservationStatus 3715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concern. 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3715-Cyclicity 3715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-June through mid-September 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3715-Distribution 3715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout most of the United States and Canada from Quebec west, north at least to the southern edge of the boreal forest in western Canada. Widespread in the southern half of Alberta, from the Milk River north to at least the Nordegg, Edmonton and Lloydminster areas." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3715-GeneralDescription 3715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium-size (3.0-4.2 cm wingspan) broad-winged brown (female) or brownish-grey (male) moths. Males have two dark bars crossing the forewing, the innermost curving outward near the lower margin, but touching neither the outer band nor the lower margin of the wing. The subterminal band is reduced to a few small points except near the costa, where it forms two prominent black fused spots. The hindwing is light grey-brown with a dark sinuous subterminal band and dark terminal band. The female is dull grey-brown with the bars of the male forewing reduced to faint lines. The hindwing is also brown, and the terminal bands are much less contrasting than those of the male. \n\n In the smaller and more common C. crassiuscula the forewing bars are wider and usually touch at the bottom, while the antemedian bar runs straighter and usually touches lower margin. Females of crassiuscula are smaller, browner and much more strongly marked than those of erechtea. Some males of the two species can be very difficult to identify, and the genitalia need to be examinined. \n" 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3715-Habitat 3715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas such as pastures, meadows, roadsides, etc. with an abundance of grasses and forbs." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3715-LifeCycle 3715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are active day and night. There are probably at least two broods in Alberta, as fresh adults have been found as late as September. The larvae are reported to hide by day and feed at night (Forbes, 1954)." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3715-TrophicStrategy 3715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Clover (Trifolium) (Rockburne and Lafontaine, 1976); alfalfa (Medicago), grasses (Gramineae), ragweed (Ambrosia sp.) (Covell, 1984)." 11/13/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3776-ConservationStatus 3776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concern; often reaching pest status. 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3776-Cyclicity 3776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly after the first fall frosts have occured, peaking in mid October." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3776-Distribution 3776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to Alberta, south to Colorado and California (McGuffin 1988). In Saskatchewan and Alberta, this species is associated with Manitoba Maple shelter belts in the southern parts of the province. It did not occur historically in the Edmonton region, but is now established here and is often common in October on city Elm trees." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3776-GeneralDescription 3776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males have an even brownish grey forewing with jagged white and dark PM and AM lines, occasionally with a visible dark discal spot. The hindwings are light grey, with a dark discal spot and a faint pale PM line. The females are wingless and stout-bodied, looking very unlike a lepidopteran." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3776-Habitat 3776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wooded areas including city parks, ornamental plantations and shelter belts." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3776-LifeCycle 3776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are often a serious pest of many tree species elsewhere, although it rarely reaches densities high enough to do damage in Alberta. The eggs are laid in clusters on tree branches and trunks by the wingless females and hatch the following spring, synchronized with the flush of leaves. There are four larval stages, which are described in detail by McGuffin (1988). Larvae pupate in the soil and delay their emergence until fall, spending about four summer months as a pupa. Females in at least some populations are able to reproduce parthenogenetically (without mating). (McGuffin 1988)." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3776-TrophicStrategy 3776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a large variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, especially elm (Ulmus spp.), ash (Fraxinus spp.), and maple (Acer spp.), which are non-native to Alberta but often planted in cities and as shelterbelts." 11/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3949-ConservationStatus 3949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3949-Cyclicity 3949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Peak adult activity in AB is in May. A second generation in parts of the range, possibly also in AB." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3949-Distribution 3949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A transcontinental boreal species across southern Canada from Nova Scotia to the BC coast, north to Lake Athabasca in Alberta and south to Georgia and Oregon (Prentice 1963, McGuffin 1977)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3949-GeneralDescription 3949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The uniform grey background colour, evenly curved transverse lines and relatively small size make intertexta most simialr to the Semiothisa unipunctaria group. However, intertexta lacks the dark forewing subterminal patch of Semiothisa, and often has four evenly spaced forewing transverse lines.\nListed as anticaria (Wlk.) by McGuffin (1977), but this name was synonimized under intertexta by Ferguson in Hodges (1983).\n" 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3949-Habitat 3949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic woodlands where the hosts (birch and alder) occur. 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3949-LifeCycle 3949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae are solitary defoliators, and pupate before overwintering. The larva (illustrated in Wagner et al. 2001) varies in colour from yellow and green to brown or mauve with fine paler lines. There are two broods annually in BC and eastern USA, with flights in May and again in August. There is currently no indication of a second flight in Alberta." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3949-TrophicStrategy 3949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on members of the birch family, including birches (Betula papyrifera, B. glandulosa, B. betulifolia) and alders (Alnus spp.) (Prentice 1963)." 11/25/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3950-ConservationStatus 3950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/25/03 0:00 4/29/14 8:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3950-Cyclicity 3950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight activity in Alberta is mid May through mid June. 11/25/03 0:00 4/29/14 8:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3950-Distribution 3950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Coastal BC east to Newfoundland, and from Ft. Smith, NWT south to CA, SD and GA (McGuffin 1987, Wagner et al. 2001)." 11/25/03 0:00 4/29/14 8:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3950-GeneralDescription 3950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-sized geometrid, ground colour tan heavily speckled with red-brown and a broad dark red-brown forewing median band with a straight AM border and an irregular PM border. Hindwing with dark PM line, heaviest at the anal margin. No other Alberta geometrid has a broad, evenly coloured median band like that of P. pulveraria." 11/25/03 0:00 4/29/14 8:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3950-Habitat 3950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and woodlands. 11/25/03 0:00 4/29/14 8:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3950-LifeCycle 3950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are active both during the day and at night, and come to lights. A fairly common moth in the central boreal region of the province. The larvae are twig mimics, and pupate prior to winter among leaves tied together with silk (McGuffin 1987)." 11/25/03 0:00 4/29/14 8:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3950-TrophicStrategy 3950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalists on deciduous and coniferous trees and shrubs, perhaps with a preference for the rose family; reported hosts include saskatoon (Amelanchier), choke cherry (Prunus), raspberry (Rubus), shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla), paper birch (Betula), alder (Alnus), willows (Salix), white spruce (Picea) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga)." 11/25/03 0:00 4/29/14 8:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2771-ConservationStatus 2771 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The Yucca Moth is threatened in Canada (COSEWIC 2002). 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2771-Cyclicity 2771 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from early June to mid-July, with a few individuals appearing in August in Alberta." 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2771-Distribution 2771 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Limited in Alberta to the southeast corner along south-facing coulee slopes of the Lost River, Milk River and adjacent coulees. Occurs south to Texas and Florida, north to southern Ontario, where it may have been introduced along with Yucca filamentosa, which is not native to Canada (Pellmyr 1999)." 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2771-GeneralDescription 2771 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan 19.5-27.5 mm in females, 18-24 mm in males; forewings white dorsally, underside mostly dark brown; hindwing brownish gray, dorsally, light brown ventrally (Pellmyr 1999). Head white, antennae and proboscis yellow; females with specialized maxillary tentacles arising from the base of each maxillary palpus; these are tubular and membraneous with numerous short, hooked hairs scattered on the inner surfaces which help retain pollen (Pellmyr 2000).Thorax white, legs yellow; Abdomen pale brown dorsally, ventrum white (Pellmyr 1999). When the female ovipositor is withdrawn, the tip of the abdomen is truncate, and the terminal joint bluntly rounded at tip with a corrugated ridge dorsally before the tip (Riley 1892). Pupa with acute spine on head and spines on back (Riley 1892). Larvae less than 1 mm when newly hatched, 14 mm at maturity; at first translucent white but turning yellowish, then reddish; no pro-legs but thoracic legs developed; undergoes three moults (Riley 1892). Egg thread-like; about 2 mm in length (Riley 1892)." 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2771-Habitat 2771 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, found in dry grassland on south-facing coulee slopes of the Milk River basin." 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2771-LifeCycle 2771 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "T. yuccasella actively pollinates its host yucca plants. Females rake their specialized maxillary tentacles across anthers, then use the tentacles and forelegs to compact the pollen and store it under the head. The pollen ball is as large as three times the size of the head (Riley 1892). Figure 23 shows a female with pollen ball. Before pollinating, females oviposit in Yucca flowers (Pellmyr 1999). Larvae hatch in about one week. They consume developing seeds for several weeks. When seed pods ready to dehisce the larvae bores out, falls to ground, bores several centimeters below the surface, and forms a silken cocoon intermixed with soil. This is the overwintering stage (Pellmyr 1999). Adults are inactive during the day, and are cryptically coloured on the flowers they rest. They become active at dusk: males fly about in search of mates, while females tend to stay on a plant. Activity slows after two to four hours (Pellmyr 1999). \nThe yucca moths colonized Yucca plants between 30 and 50 million years ago, and began a period of rapid diversification. Active pollination evolved first, followed by the evolution of 'cheating' behaviour seen in Prodoxus, where moths do not pollinate their hosts but continue to oviposit in them (Pellmyr & Leebens-Mack 1999).\nHistorically, three species of Tegeticula have been recognized, including yuccasella. The species yuccasella was thought to be a single, variable species, but several authors have suggested that yuccasella is actually a species complex (Miles 1983). In 1999, Pellmyr (1999) redescribed the species and twelve additional species that are part of this complex. T. yuccasella is the only species known to occur in Alberta." 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2771-TrophicStrategy 2771 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, the larval hostplant is soapweed (Agavaceae: Yucca glauca). Other Yucca species are also used elsewhere (Pellmyr 1999)." 2/26/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3141-ConservationStatus 3141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3141-Cyclicity 3141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early June to later July. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3141-Distribution 3141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Montana and Alberta, ranging from 6000 to 7000 feet in altitude." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3141-GeneralDescription 3141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are almost black and the vertex of the head is black. Spurs are dark brown and the hindwings are a transparent brown. In males, there is a single, massive recurved process on segment 10. The aedeagus is a simple tube basally flanked by upcurved flanges (Nimmo, 1971).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3141-Habitat 3141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat High alpine moraine creeks. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3141-TrophicStrategy 3141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2906-ConservationStatus 2906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not common, but probably of no concern." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2906-Cyclicity 2906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid July to August. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2906-Distribution 2906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Fernald (1896) has it from Illinois, Missouri, Colorado, Nebraska and Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Also known from New York (Forbes 1923), South Dakota (McDaniel et al 1984) and Michigan (Scholtens 1996, Nielsen 1998). In Alberta, it has been found in the prairies and aspen parkland." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2906-GeneralDescription 2906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized crambid (23-26 mm wingspan). Forewings chocolate brown (dark fuscous), lacking a longitudinal median silver white stripe and a white stripe in the costal margin, but having terminal dark brown dots. The hind wings are also chocolate brown. Also known as Acigona comptulatalis. Somewhat similar to Catoptria maculalis but the latter has two light blotches in the forewings as well as shorter wings. Also similar to Neodactria luteolella and N. caliginosella but the forewing apex in them is more sharply angled and is even slightly produced." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2906-Habitat 2906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Near ponds with bulrushes. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2906-LifeCycle 2906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Comes to light. Single brooded. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2906-TrophicStrategy 2906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Scirpus acutus, S. americanus and S. validus (Frohne 1939)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2907-ConservationStatus 2907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Often common. Of no concern. 4/24/03 0:00 2/6/15 13:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2907-Cyclicity 2907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to August. 4/24/03 0:00 2/6/15 13:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2907-Distribution 2907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Described from Rounthwaite, Manitoba, and Verdi, Nevada (Kearfott 1908). McDaniel et al. (1984) have it from South Dakota. In Alberta, Bowman (1951) reported it from the Lloydminster, Red Deer and Edmonton areas." 4/24/03 0:00 2/6/15 13:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2907-GeneralDescription 2907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized to large crambid (24-28 mm wingspan). Forewings uniformly medium brown but ranging from ochraceous fawn to dark brown; transverse lines lacking, except occasionally a trace of a subterminal one; terminal line with 3-4 dark dots. Hind wings smoky gray to dark brown. In the male genitalia, the cucullus narrows abruptly and caudad of the base of the free arm of the costa is very narrow and tapers little (Klots 1942). All other Pediasia are lighter in color and usually slightly larger." 4/24/03 0:00 2/6/15 13:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2907-Habitat 2907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland. 4/24/03 0:00 2/6/15 13:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2907-LifeCycle 2907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 4/24/03 0:00 2/6/15 13:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2907-TrophicStrategy 2907 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown, but presumably grasses." 4/24/03 0:00 2/6/15 13:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2597-ConservationStatus 2597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No conservation concerns. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2597-Cyclicity 2597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are most common from late June to mid July, with one annual generation." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2597-Distribution 2597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is widely distributed throughout eastern North America, occurring west to central BC and northern Washington, and south along the Rocky Mountain front ranges to Arizona and New Mexico (Opler 1999). Primarily a species of the aspen parkland and fescue grassland in Alberta, ranging north to the Edmonton area." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2597-GeneralDescription 2597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The combination of the sex patch on the male forewing and brown, unmarked hindwing serve to distinguish the tawny-edged Skipper from other branded skippers (those species with a prominent, black dash in the middle of the forewing). The only species with a similar underside is the Dun Skipper, which lacks the contrasting orange forewing markings.\nSubspecies turneri, found in the southwestern foothills, has darker brown hindwings (ventrally and dorsally) than subspecies themistocles of the parkland region (Kondla 2001)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2597-Habitat 2597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lush, moist habitats with native grasses." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2597-LifeCycle 2597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are cream-coloured with red spots. First instar larvae are tan, and have a black head. Mature larvae are greenish to purplish brown in colour, with a mid-dorsal and lateral line (Bird et al. 1995, McCabe & Post 1977)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2597-TrophicStrategy 2597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported larval host plants include the following grasses: Panicum spp., Digitaria spp., Poa spp. (Layberry et al. 1998), Poa pratensis, Koeleria macrantha (Bird et al. 1995). It appears that this species prefers broad-leaved grasses to short-grass prairie species. Adults take nectar at legumes, including alfalfa." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2598-ConservationStatus 2598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2598-Cyclicity 2598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid to late June in the boreal region, three to four weeks later in the mountains." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2598-Distribution 2598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout northern North America from Newfoundland to Alaska, south along the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico (Opler 1999). Also occurs in Europe and Asia." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2598-GeneralDescription 2598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Superficially similar to the other checkered skippers; The Grizzled Skipper is larger than the rare Small Checkered Skipper (P. scriptura, wingspan 16 - 25 mm) which is known only from the Milk River valley of extreme southern Alberta. Compared to the Common Checkered Skipper (P. communis), the Grizzled has less extensive white markings. The Grizzled Skipper is most likely to be confused with the Two-banded Checkered Skipper in the Mountains. To separate these two, look at the upperside hindwing spots: centaureae has poorly defined, smudged white spots, while ruralis has two rows of sharply outlined white spots. P. ruralis is also slightly smaller, and is usually restricted to low-elevation, dry montane habitats. \nSubspecies freija of the boreal region is darker than the mountain subspecies (loki); These taxa may in fact be separate species." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2598-Habitat 2598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Alpine and subalpine meadows and acidic bogs in the boreal region. 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2598-LifeCycle 2598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Nothing is known about the immature stages in North America. Males exhibit perching behaviour during cooler temperatures, and switch to patrolling in warmer conditions (Bird et al. 1995). This species may have a two-year life cycle, since it is more common in odd-numbered years in the mountains (Acorn 1993) and the possibly also in the boreal region (Schmidt unpubl. data)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2598-TrophicStrategy 2598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval foodplant of the mountain populations is unknown. The closely related Pyrgus wyandot feeds on Wild Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) in Michigan (Nielsen 1999), and subspecies freija is presumed to feed on cloudberry (Rubus chaemomorus) in northern Canada (Layberry et al. 1998). These skippers take nectar at stonecrop, strawberry and cinquefoil (Bird et al. 1995)." 1/27/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3752-ConservationStatus 3752 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no obvious concerns." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3752-Cyclicity 3752 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through mid-August. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3752-Distribution 3752 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to Vancouver Island. In Alberta it has been collected throughout the Boreal forest region, north to Zama and near Ft. McMurray, south to Winfield." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3752-GeneralDescription 3752 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.8-3.3 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth with yellow-brown or dark tan forewings and white hindwings. The forewings are drawn out into a prominent curved hook at the apex, have a strongly toothed outer margin, and are crossed by two straight, fine dark brown lines. A small black point indicates the reniform spot. The hindwings are much paler than the forewings, are crossed by a faint median line, and have a narrow dark terminal line. The hooked forewing apex will identify this species as a hooktip, and the toothed forewing margin and pale almost unmarked hindwings will separate it from the other two hooktips, the Arched and Rose Hooktips." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3752-Habitat 3752 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3752-LifeCycle 3752 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Two-lined Hooktip is nocturnal and comes to light. The long flight period may indicate at least a partial second brood. The larvae, known as the Warty Birch Caterpillar, is described and illustrated in Ives and Wong, 1988. It is reported to be a solitary defoliator (Prentice, 1963)." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3752-TrophicStrategy 3752 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No specific Alberta data; in the Prairie Provinces (including Alberta) larvae are reported to feed on birch (Betula), alder (AlnusPopulus tremuloidesProtitame and Cabera." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3753-Habitat 3753 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic deciduous woodland. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3753-LifeCycle 3753 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is apparently a single annual brood. The adults are attracted to light \nThe larva is described and illustrated in Wong and Ives, 1988.\n" 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3753-TrophicStrategy 3753 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, larvae have been found on Dogwood (Cornus)(Ives and Wong, 1988), which is also the reported host elsewhere." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3757-ConservationStatus 3757 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Known from only one site in Canada, where it reaches the northern extremity of its range. Should be" 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3757-Cyclicity 3757 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late June. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3757-Distribution 3757 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From extreme southeastern Alberta south to at least Arizona. Known in Canada only from the Lost River valley west of Onefour, Alberta." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3757-GeneralDescription 3757 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.8-4.0 cm wingspan) long-winged moth with grey and tan forewings and shining white hindwings. The forewing is rusty tan overlaid by scattered grey scaling. The leading third and terminal areas are darker grey. The orbicular (white) and reniform (white with tan filling) are prominent, and there are pale patches in the subterminal area near the apex and in the middle. The veins in the center of the wing have diffuse white streaking. The head and thorax are pale grey, with rich ochre along the edges of the tegulae. The hindwings are shining white, with some darker scaling on the veins near the margin." 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3757-Habitat 3757 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid native grasslands and badlands. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3757-LifeCycle 3757 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. The immature stages are apparently unknown. 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3757-TrophicStrategy 3757 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy unknown 11/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3498-ConservationStatus 3498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3498-Cyclicity 3498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Spring and summer (in Illinois) (Stannard, 1968)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3498-Distribution 3498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, B.C., and throughout the US (Chiasson, 1986). It was introduced from Europe (Stannard, 1968)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3498-GeneralDescription 3498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is dark brown with red subintegumental pigments, and the head is not prolonged in front of the eyes. Antennal segment 3 and the basal third of segment 4 are yellow or white, and segments 3 and 4 are elongate (Stannard, 1968). Forewings each have 2 cross bands that are connected by a longitudinal band in the posterior margin of the wing (Bailey, 1951). \n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3498-Habitat 3498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Sambucus racemosa, Viburnum sterilis, Sheperdia canadensis, Acer sp." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3498-LifeCycle 3498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3498-TrophicStrategy 3498 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species feeds on thrips and mites (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2870-ConservationStatus 2870 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Often common, no concerns." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2870-Cyclicity 2870 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from August to mid September. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2870-Distribution 2870 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A widespread North American species. Scholtens comments that in the Douglas Lake Region of Michigan this is ""probably the most common late season weedy species""." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2870-GeneralDescription 2870 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A moderately large crambid (25-27 mm wingspan) with medium brown forewings having a wide longitudinal silvery white discal stripe which ends before the subterminal line. This stripe lacks a tooth below and is not cut by an oblique line. The forewings have a triangularly produced apex. There is a row of 5 dark spots in the subterminal line. The hind wings are smoky white. The cilia of both fore and hind wings are silvery metallic. Males are similar to females. Similar to Crambus pascuellus, but the median stripe is not cut by an oblique line. Similar to C. ainsliellus but the hindwings are smoky white, not grayish white; also the gnathos of the male is narrow throughout rather than being narrow at the base, broadening distally, thus appearing spoon shaped. Similar to C. hamellus and C. occidentalis but the median stripe lacks a tooth below." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2870-Habitat 2870 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland areas. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2870-LifeCycle 2870 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Diurnal and comes to light. Apparently single brooded. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2870-TrophicStrategy 2870 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Presumably grasses. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2871-ConservationStatus 2871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common to abundant, of no concern." 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2871-Cyclicity 2871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to August. 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2871-Distribution 2871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The nominate subspecies is widespread in Europe. Only the subspecies innotatellus is found in North America, where it is widespread. Fernald (1896) has it from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Illinois and California. In addition, it has been reported from New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois and California by Forbes (1923); and from South Dakota (McDaniel et al 1984)." 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2871-GeneralDescription 2871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized Crambus (20-24 mm wingspan). Forewing pure silvery white, lacking a discal stripe. Hind wing also pure white. North American material belongs to the subspecies innotatellus Wlk. No other crambid has these features, but a tortricid, Eana argentana, is superficially quite similar. The latter, however, has labial palps that are only the length of the head." 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2871-Habitat 2871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native and other grasslands. 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2871-LifeCycle 2871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Diurnal and comes to light. The immature stages have been described by Felt (1894). Scholtens (1996) states that it is ""one of the weedy Crambus species in northern Michigan"". Common in the prairies, aspen parkland and foothills in Alberta." 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2871-TrophicStrategy 2871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No local information, but roots of various grasses elsewhere." 4/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:32 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2872-ConservationStatus 2872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, but of no concern." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2872-Cyclicity 2872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June and July. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2872-Distribution 2872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Fernald (1896) has it from Labrador, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Minnesota and California. It has also been reported from British Columbia (Dyar 1904) and Michigan (Scholtens (1996). In Alberta, Bowman (1951) reported it from the Edmonton and Nordegg areas." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2872-GeneralDescription 2872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description A medium sized to larger Crambus (25-28 mm wingspan). Forewings chocolate brown with a broad silver white discal stripe which extends from the base to the outer margin; with a submarginal row of minute black dots. The hindwing are white. This species can be confused only with worn specimens of Crambus leachellus. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2872-Habitat 2872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland areas. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2872-LifeCycle 2872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Diurnal and comes to light. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2872-TrophicStrategy 2872 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown, probably grass roots." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2873-ConservationStatus 2873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Dependent on native grasslands. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2873-Cyclicity 2873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June and July. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2873-Distribution 2873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species that is known from Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and Utah. The subspecies browni is known from Alberta and northern Montana. In Alberta it has been found in the prairies and aspen parkland areas and in grassy areas in the Rocky Mountains. Bowman (1951) has it from his Areas 1, 10, 19 and 20." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2873-GeneralDescription 2873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized Crambus (21-27 mm wingspan). The forewings are yellowish brown with the costal edge being narrowly pearly white for almost half its length; there is a silvery white longitudinal median stripe which widens towards the apex, has a scimitar shaped tip, and has a tooth below; there are four black dots in the lower part of the subterminal line. The hindwings are light grayish brown with grayish white fringes. Similar to C. awemellus but larger, and with forewings having a longitudinal medial stripe which widens toward the apex, is scimitar shaped at the tip, and has a tooth below. Alberta material belongs to the subspecies browni (Klots 1942)." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2873-Habitat 2873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native grassland areas. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2873-LifeCycle 2873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Diurnal and comes to light. Apparently single brooded. Apparently associated with native grassland. As the latter is gradually being replaced by cropland or denigrated by heavy grazing, the numbers of this species will decrease with time." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2873-TrophicStrategy 2873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Presumably native grasses. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3976-ConservationStatus 3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 11/26/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3976-Cyclicity 3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No information available for Alberta; flies in spring and early summer elsewhere. 11/26/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3976-Distribution 3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern North America west to Saskatchewan; it is unclear if this species occurs in Alberta, our populations may all be referable to B. quercivoraria. The only Alberta records for endropiaria are based on Bowman's (1951) records, but all Besma specimens in the Bowman collection appear to be quercivoraria." 11/26/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3976-GeneralDescription 3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A thin-winged and finely marked geometrid. Ground colour pale tan, with a fine, straight PM line (sometines absent on hindwing) and a scalloped (sometimes absent) subterminal line. Both fore and hindwings are characterized by a well-defined pointed projection mid-way along the margin. Lambdina fiscellaria is similar, but lacks the scalloped subterminal line (often more clearly visible on the underside), and flies in the fall.\nVirtually identical to B. quercivoraria in colour and pattern; according to Forbes (1948), endropiaria has translucent rather than opaque wings and lacks the discal spot. B. endropiaria and B. quercivoraria are treated as the same species by McGuffin (1987) since there are no apparent morphological differences. In eastern North America there are however differences in broodedness, quercivoraria producing two annual broods and endropiaria one (Wagner et al. 2001). The Alberta records may be in error, see below.\n" 11/26/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3976-Habitat 3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous forest. 11/26/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3976-LifeCycle 3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are green-yellow with reddish highlights, mimicking the leaf petioles and twigs of maples. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2001)." 11/26/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3976-TrophicStrategy 3976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae prefer maples (Acer spp.) but also feed on alder birch (Betula)and oak (Quercus) (Wagner et al. 2001). 11/26/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3005-ConservationStatus 3005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3005-Cyclicity 3005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to September. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3005-Distribution 3005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The species is found throughout North America, Cuba, Europe and Asia (Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3005-GeneralDescription 3005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adults are all black, and may be confused at first glance with Anthaxia inornata. The curved base of the pronotum separates the Melanophila from the Anthaxia and the presence of mesothoracic sensory pits sets M. acuminata apart from all other Alberta buprestids." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3005-Habitat 3005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3005-LifeCycle 3005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults can remain alive for periods of up to 4 weeks in the lab if allowed to feed on raisins or peanuts (not their natural food) and given water. This is a most interesting insect. Adults have been reported coming to freshly burned trees, sometimes still smouldering to oviposit. Evans (Ecology 47:1061-1065,1966) demonstrated that these beetles can detect, infrared sources using paired receptors situated on the mesothorax near the coxal cavities and orientate towards the heat source. The structure of these receptors, are figured in Evans and Kuster (Can. Ent. 112:211-216,1980). Adults continue to be attracted to burned trees in the year following a fire." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3005-TrophicStrategy 3005 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy These beetles may use most any conifer for larval development (Bright 1987). In Alberta it has been reared from white spruce and fire killed jack pine. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3006-ConservationStatus 3006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3006-Cyclicity 3006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3006-Distribution 3006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Combined ranges are from Alaska to Newfoundland south to Arizona in the west and South Carolina in the east (Bright 1987). 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3006-GeneralDescription 3006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "In Alberta separation of this and Melanophila drummondi is virtually impossible. Adults of most M. drummondi have 3 raised costa on the elytra, but not in all, some have none. In adults of M. fulvoguttata this feature is lacking. Specimens examined from Alberta range from one or two weak costa to nothing. Material examined from British Columbia usually has 2 or 3 weak costa. Colour patterns are not diagnostic, most specimens have yellow spots, and some have none. The male genitalia are supposed to be diagnostic however, Bright (1987) found the genitalia intermediate in structure in Manitoba and Saskatchewan specimens, and was unable to discriminate the species. In examining the male genitalia, of a few problematic specimens, the fulvoguttata phenotype predominated in spite of specimens having from 0 to 3 costa, and with and without spots. I agree with Bright (1987) in thinking that these species are likely hybridizing. I will go one step further and suggest that the western race drummondi has 'recently' met the eastern race 'fulvoguttata' and in the mountains and foothills, a band of introgression, similar to the pattern seen in some tiger beetles (Frietag 1965). Most of the Alberta material is the Melanophila fulvoguttata phenotype, with drummondi phenotype regularly showing up intermixed with fulvoguttata phenotypes in the mountains and foothill areas." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3006-Habitat 3006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3006-LifeCycle 3006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle usually takes 1 or 2 years with winter diapause spent, as a mature larva. Pupation occurs in spring or early summer. In Alberta adults may be found on trunks of spruce trees, often around old resinous wounds." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3006-TrophicStrategy 3006 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Beetles of Melanophila fulvoguttata are recorded from a variety of conifers including balsam fir, tamarack and spruce in the eastern US and eastern Canada (Bright 1987, Baker 1972). Melanophila drummondi adults are recorded from a variety of conifers including fir, larch, spruce and Douglas fir in the western provinces and western US (Bright 1987, Furniss and carolin 1977)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3007-ConservationStatus 3007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3007-Cyclicity 3007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "May, June and July." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3007-Distribution 3007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Most of North America north of Mexico (Bright 1987). 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3007-GeneralDescription 3007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This dull black beetle in at first glance, is similar to M. accuminata. These beetles may be distinguished by their nearly straight pronotal base and lack of metathoracic sensory pits. Separating the Anthaxia species is subtle, as the pronotal pits may be somewhat shallow on some specimens and could easily be confused with A. aeneogaster." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3007-Habitat 3007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Conifer forests. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3007-LifeCycle 3007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In Alberta adults are commonly found on flowers, in particular those of rose and dandelion." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3007-TrophicStrategy 3007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Breeds in conifers (Bright 1987). In Alberta adults have been associated with lodgepole pine and spruce. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3043-ConservationStatus 3043 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3043-Cyclicity 3043 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3043-Distribution 3043 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, B.C., Yukon (Chiasson 1986) U.S., Europe (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3043-GeneralDescription 3043 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 1.27mm in length and is dark brown. The fore tibiae are yellow with light brown sides, and the forewings are also brown. The antennae are brown, though segment 3, and the basal portions of segments 4 to 6 are yellow. The head is broader than long, and ocellar setae pair 3 is outside or on the border of the ocellar triangle, and posterolaterad to the anterior ocellus. The antennae are 7 segmented, and on segment 6, the base of the inner sense cone is oval. There are weak striations on the posterior half of the pronotum, and 3 or occasionally 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae. There is 1 pair of anteromedial campaniform sensilla present on the mesonotum. The metanotum is longitudinally striate and sensilla are absent. The forevein on each forewing has 3 distal setae. Abdominal tergite 2 has 4 (occasionally 3) lateral setae, and the posterior margins of tergite 6 and 7 may have some scallop-shaped striations. Tergite 8 has a complete posteromarginal comb, tergite 9 has 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla, and sternites 2 to 7 have accessory setae. Sternite 1 has 3 anteromedial setae. On sternites 3 to 7 on males the glandular areas are transversely oblong (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3043-Habitat 3043 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Polyphagous, often on dandelions (Nakahara 1994)." 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3043-LifeCycle 3043 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3043-TrophicStrategy 3043 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 6/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2649-ConservationStatus 2649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2649-Cyclicity 2649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One, or possibly two generations per year, usually found in early spring and again in late summer." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2649-Distribution 2649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska south to California and New Mexico, east to New England and Newfoundland (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2649-GeneralDescription 2649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The solid black wing bases edged with bright yellow and orange are unmistakable. Our populations are the nominate subspecies.\nRecent work by Nylin et al. (2001) shows that Milbert's Tortoiseshell is more appropriately placed in the genus Aglais. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2649-Habitat 2649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in many habitats, from prairie coulees to boreal forests and mountain tops." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2649-LifeCycle 2649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The conical eggs are green with eight or nine vertical ridges (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Small larvae live communally in silken nests on the hostplant. Mature larvae are solitary, and are black with yellowish subdorsal lines, finely dotted with white, and bear branched spines (Layberry et al. 1998). This tortoiseshell is encountered much more regularly than other tortoiseshells in Alberta, apparently since it does not experience the large fluctuations in number that occur in the California and Compton Tortoiseshells. Adults are strong, rapid fliers but are easily approached when nectaring at flowers. Milbert's, like its other close relatives, overwinters as an adult, emerging early in the spring with faded and often tattered wings. The offspring of the hibernators appear from July onward. Bird et al (1995) state that there are two generations annually, but this needs confirmation; multiple generations in Canada are known only from southeastern Ontario (Layberry et al. 1998)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2649-TrophicStrategy 2649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) in British Columbia (Guppy & Shepard 2001) and in Alberta (D. Lawrie, unpubl. data). Unlike other members of the 'hibernator' group, adults of this species are avid flower visitors, but will also visit tree sap or rotting fruit." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2650-ConservationStatus 2650 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. Extirpated in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001). 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2650-Cyclicity 2650 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, peak emergence in early to late July." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2650-Distribution 2650 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Great Slave Lake, NWT east to Nova Scotia, south to Florida and Mexico (Layberry et al. 1998, Scott 1986). Extirpated from southern BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2650-GeneralDescription 2650 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Viceroy is well-known for its mimetic resemblance to the Monarch (Danaus plexippus). The black median line across the hindwing is the quickest way to distinguish it from the Monarch. These two species can even be separated on the wing by their distinctive flight: Monarchs have a leisurely, floating flight and hold their wings at an angle above the body when gliding, while Viceroys hold their wings in a flat plane when gliding, a behaviour characteristic of the genus Limenitis." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2650-Habitat 2650 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Usually found in open, moist areas where willows grow." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2650-LifeCycle 2650 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are initially pale yellow, turning greyish as they mature. Fully-grown larvae are olive-brown with a pink-white saddle, and resemble a bird dropping. The thorax bears two black, horn-like spines (Scott 1986). Third-instar larvae hibernate in a hibernaculum, a tube-like shelter made of a partially rolled-up leaf and silk.\nIt was initially believed that the Monarch-Viceroy resemblance was a case of Batesian mimicry, ie. the palatable Viceroy mimicking distasteful Monarchs. Recent research suggests that this is not the case, since Viceroys are also distasteful, so the two species are actually Mullerian mimics (Ritland and Brower 1991). \n" 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2650-TrophicStrategy 2650 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data available, but larvae are known to feed on willows and poplars (Salix and Populus) elsewhere (Layberry et al. 1998)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3813-ConservationStatus 3813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon in Alberta. A well-known economic pest of peach trees in eastern North America. 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3813-Cyclicity 3813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in July. 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3813-Distribution 3813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in the eastern half of North America, from Nova Scotia to Florida and west to Manitoba and Minnesota and Texas. It has also been collected recently in the Edmonton area." 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3813-GeneralDescription 3813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.7-2.5 cm wingspan) wasp-like diurnal clearwing moth. The antennae, head, thorax, body and legs are mostly blue-black, with some pale yellow and white scaling on the head and palps, the tegulae, and abominal segments one and two (pale yellow laterally) and ventrally on the posterior of segment four. Anal tuft blue-black with a trace of white on the margins. The wings are mostly hyaline, with a faint amber tint in many specimens, very narrow dark margins (including fringe), and a well marked discal bar. Male genitalia has a greatly reduced crista sacculi only slightly visible near the ventral margin of the valve. Males are easily separated from similar S. fatifera\nby the all black antennae (apical one-third white in fatifera) and from other similar Alberta species by the small size and very narrow wing margins. \n" 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3813-Habitat 3813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodlands and gardens with fruit trees and shrubs such as cherry, saskatoon and other Rosaceae." 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3813-TrophicStrategy 3813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae bore beneath the bark of the limbs, trunk and occasionally in the roots of Rosaceae, including cultivated peaches, plums and cherries (Prunus sp.) as well as native cherries (Prunus), Saskatoon (Amelanchier) and others. They apparently prefer parts of the hosts with injuries or abnormalities, such as black-knot fungus knots on chokecherry." 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3814-ConservationStatus 3814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3814-Cyclicity 3814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults fly in late May and June. 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3814-Distribution 3814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to western Alberta, north to the Northwest Territories and south to the Gulf of Mexico. In mesic habitats throughout most of Alberta, from the Milk River to the Caribou Mountains. Cuspidea is replaced in BC by the very closely related and similar appearing E. ardita." 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3814-GeneralDescription 3814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.8-3.6 cm wingspan) broad-winged dark black-brown diurnal moth. The forewings are dark brown, with a blackish antemedian band prominently toothed on its proximal side, and a narrower post-median band with a dark triangle at its upper end. The terminal area is broadly light brown. The hindwings are black-brown, with one or two narrow faint postmedian lines and a broad orange-brown terminal band. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. Other Alberta grass-moths (Caenurgina sp.) are lighter grey or grey brown in color. In flight Euclidia greatly resemble skippers of the genus Erynnis; they flush from the ground and fly rapidly for 20 meters or so before dropping back to the ground. \n" 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3814-Habitat 3814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grassy wooded edges, clearings and mesic meadows with long grass." 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3814-LifeCycle 3814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Toothed sombrewing is unusual in that the adults are active both during the day and the night, and are attracted to light. They also come to sugar bait (Handfield, 1999). There appears to be a single annual brood. The larvae are slender and cylindrical, brown with fine longitudinal striation, forming subdorsal, stigmatal and subventral bands, with the stigmatal stripe comprised of four striae and running onto the side of the head (Forbes, 1954)." 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3814-TrophicStrategy 3814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Clover (Trifolium sp.) and grasses (Graminiae) (Forbes, 1954); also reported to use sweetfern (Comptonia sp.) and lupine (Lupinus sp.) (Covell, 1984)." 11/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2874-ConservationStatus 2874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Probably overlooked due to its small size, but should be put on a ""watch"" list." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2874-Cyclicity 2874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity A single specimen was collected 27 June 2002. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2874-Distribution 2874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Reported from Connecticut and South Dakota by Forbes (1920), and from Michigan by Nielsen (1998). In Alberta, known only from a collection made in Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park by Charles Bird." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2874-GeneralDescription 2874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A tiny crambid (12-13 mm wingspan) with dark silver forewings with several dark brown lines, including two zigzag postmedial and subterminal ones. The hindwings are also dark silver in color. Both fore and hind wings have long dark silver fringes. Superficially somewhat similar to a tiny Chrysoteuchia topiaria." 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2874-Habitat 2874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native grassland. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2874-LifeCycle 2874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The specimen was collected in an ultraviolet light trap. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2874-TrophicStrategy 2874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae presumably feed on one or more species of grass. 4/9/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2875-ConservationStatus 2875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Relatvely rare, due to local occurrences." 4/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2875-Cyclicity 2875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity All of the Alberta records are from June. 4/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2875-Distribution 2875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species ranges across the norther United States and most of Canada. In Alberta the only records are from the central region. 4/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2875-GeneralDescription 2875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The largest species in the genus, at once recognized by the rounded hind angles of the prothorax. Black, usually with bronzy, brassy or golden, along the margins often bluish or greenish, lustre. Length 15.5-17.8 mm." 4/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2875-Habitat 2875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species prefers acid bogs and occurs in Shagnum covered with Oxycoccus at the border of pools. 4/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2875-LifeCycle 2875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 4/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2875-TrophicStrategy 2875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 4/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2903-ConservationStatus 2903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon in Alberta, but probably of no concern." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2903-Cyclicity 2903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late August to early September. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2903-Distribution 2903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species where it is widespread south of the Boreal Forest (Fernald 1896, Dyar 1904, McDaniel et al. 1984, Scholtens 1996 and Handfield (1997). In Alberta, Bowman (1951) has it from the Lethbridge, Lloydminster and Edmonton areas." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2903-GeneralDescription 2903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium to large sized crambid (25 mm wingspan, ranging from 20-39 mm). The forewing is dull yellowish (clay coloured) with numerous longitudinal streaks formed by brown scales in the intervenular spaces; AM, PM and ST lines not evident; the terminal line has a row of seven black dots; fringe golden bronze. The front of the head is produced and conical. Similar in color and streaking to Agriphila plumbifimbriella and A. ruricolella but larger, lacking AM, PM and/or ST lines and flying later. Wingspan and flight time similar to Agriphila attenuata but forewings not as narrow, also lacking an ill-defined white streak and a subterminal line that runs obliquely into the costa. McDaniel et al (1984) also mention that vulgivagella has a conical front while ruricolella does not." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2903-Habitat 2903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland areas. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2903-LifeCycle 2903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle No local information. The early stages have been described by Felt (1894). Hibernation occurs as half grown larvae. Single brooded. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2903-TrophicStrategy 2903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No local information. This is a very common moth in the northeastern United States, where it is a serious agricultural pest. The larvae feed on the tender roots of young grass, wheat, rye and other grains (Fernald 1896)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2904-ConservationStatus 2904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, but of no concern." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2904-Cyclicity 2904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July and August. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2904-Distribution 2904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species said by Forbes (1923) to occur from Labrador to Pennsylvania and west to British Columbia. Reported from British Columbia by Dyar (1904) and Michigan (Scholtens 1996). In Alberta, reported from the Edmonton and Nordegg areas (Bowman 1951) and from the Canadian Shield (Macaulay & Pohl 2002)." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2904-GeneralDescription 2904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description A medium sized crambid (19-24 mm wingspan). Forewings chocolate brown with a silvery white discal stripe that is crossed by two diagonal dark brown lines; terminal line with a row of black dots. Crambus myellus Hbn. was formerly thought to be a synonym. Easily distinguished as there is nothing else like it in Alberta. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2904-Habitat 2904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland areas. 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2904-LifeCycle 2904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Diurnal and comes to light. Forbes (1923) states ""caterpillar under moss; brown, with black head and cervical shield""." 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2904-TrophicStrategy 2904 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No local information. The larvae of the closely related European species Catoptria permutatella feed on mosses (Bleszynski 1965). 4/24/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3009-Distribution 3009 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Alaska to California and east to Manitoba (Bright 1987). 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3009-GeneralDescription 3009 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar in appearance to specimens of A. aeneogaster, but differs in the sculpture of the pronotum, with discal reticulations fine, small and uniform. The beetles usually have a blackish pronotum with discal reticulations small and some what irregular and distinct. On the front half these may become very close and confused. The front half of the disc is somewhat flattened with a shallow longitudinal medial depression. the pronotal sides are more or less evenly rounded except for the hind angles. The hind angles may have a faint reddish or greenish tinge. In most other respects the beetles are very similar in appearance to A. inornata." 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3009-TrophicStrategy 3009 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Pines and other conifers (Bright 1987). 6/5/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3875-ConservationStatus 3875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon or poorly collected species found in rather remote areas, no reasons for concern." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3875-Cyclicity 3875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late July through early September. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3875-Distribution 3875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The nominate subspecies, which is the form that occurs in Alberta, is found in the mountains of southern Alberta, southern British Columbia and Washington. In Alberta it has been collected from the Bow valley north to the Cardinal Divide." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3875-GeneralDescription 3875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.7-4.1 cm wingspan) light yellow-grey or grey-brown moth, frequently with a scattering of yellow scaling in the basal area and around the spots. The antemedian, median and postmedian lines often appear smudged, and the orbicular and reniform are poorly marked or nearly obsolete, or indicated by a patch of yellowish scales. The postmedian line is separate from the median line, and scalloped at the veins. The fringe is concolorous with the rest of the forewing. The hindwings are light brown or grey, with a small discal bar and pale fringes. \n\nSimilar to some specimens of E. comosa. Males can be separated by the shorter saccular extensions (2/3 the length of the harpes in vallus, as long or longer in comosa), and females by the absence of sclerotized processes on the apex of the ovipositor lobes (present in comosa).\n\nEuxoa vallus belongs to the subgenus Pleonectopoda, characterized by the prominent twist or subbasal coil in the vesica of the male. There are no characters that can be used to identify females as members of the subgenus. Keys to the subgenus and species are presented in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3875-Habitat 3875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Higher elevation coniferous forest and open subalpine, at or near treeline." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3875-LifeCycle 3875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood. Adults are attracted to light. The early stages are unknown. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3875-TrophicStrategy 3875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Most members of the genus are general feeders on low-growing broad-leaved plants. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3876-ConservationStatus 3876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common widespread species, no concerns." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3876-Cyclicity 3876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults in Alberta late May-early September; peak flight in late June and July. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3876-Distribution 3876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Apparently disjunct, with colonies in Nova Scotia and Maine. The main population occurs from Manitoba and Minnesota west to Vancouver Island, and from the Northwest Territories south to Arizona and southern Califormia. In Alberta it has been collected throughout much of the cultivated region, from Edmonton south." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3876-GeneralDescription 3876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) light grey moth. Head and body grey, with a contrasting black thoracic collar. The forewings are light grey, with the costa even paler, especially near the base. The normal lines are obsolete or nearly so, indicated by a few dark scales at best. There is a prominent black basal streak, and the area proximal to the orbicular and between the orbicular and the reniform is filled with black scales. The subterminal line is faintly marked with dark scales, especially near the costa. The fringe is grey. The hindwings are dirty white, with the veins lightly marked with darker scales. The fringe is white. Form nesilens lacks the prominent black markings on the forewings and the thoracic collar. The relatively large size, pale grey color and sharp black markings will separate most tristicula from other Euxoa sp. Euxoa tristicula belongs to the subgenus Pleonectopoda, characterized by the prominent twist or subbasal coil in the vesica of the male. There are no characters that can be used to identify females as members of the subgenus. Keys to the subgenus and species are presented in Lafontaine, 1987. See also Agrotis vetusta." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3876-Habitat 3876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Cultivated areas and dry open habitats with light soils. 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3876-LifeCycle 3876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, which overwinters as nearly mature larvae. The larvae feed just below the surface, with the main feeding activity in the fall and early spring. Because of the late season-early season feeding period it is not a serious crop pest. The adults are nocturnal and come to light." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3876-TrophicStrategy 3876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are reported to feed on a variety of broad-leaved herbs, including alfalfa (Medicago), sugarbeets and flax (Linum)." 11/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3457-ConservationStatus 3457 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3457-Cyclicity 3457 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in May through September. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3457-Distribution 3457 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, P.E.I., Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan (Chiasson 1986), widespread in North America and Europe (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3457-GeneralDescription 3457 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body varies in length around 1.2mm to 1.5mm, and is dark brown. (Stannard, 1968). The tarsi are pale brown, antennal segment 3 is light brown with a yellow pedicel. The fore wings are brown but slightly lighter near the wing base. The head is longer than wide and projects in front of the eyes. There are 2 or 3 pairs of ocellar setae, and the postocular setae are small. Antennae are 8 segmented, and segment 3 is stout with the external margin produced into a tooth. Antennal segment 3 has a simple sense cone, and segment 4 has a forked sense cone. The pronotum has 1 pair of long posteroangular setae, and 3 pairs of setae along the posterior margin. The metanotum has reticulate sculpture, and a pair of campaniform sensilla. The meso- and metafurca lack spinulae. Females are macropterous, and males are apterous. The first vein on the forewings has 2 setae on the distal half, and the second vein has approximately 10 setae. Tergite 10 has a pair of stout, thorn-like setae (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3457-Habitat 3457 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Leaves and in florets of grasses and cereals (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3457-LifeCycle 3457 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3457-TrophicStrategy 3457 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3458-ConservationStatus 3458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3458-Cyclicity 3458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in July. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3458-Distribution 3458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, B.C. (Chiasson, 1986), and ranges from B.C. to California, and eastward to Colorado, Idaho and New Mexico (O'Neill, 1972)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3458-GeneralDescription 3458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body is pale with brown shading on the antennal segments. The setae of ocellar pair 3 are subequal in length to the pronotal posteroangular setae. Segment 6 of the female's antenna is narrowed at the base, and the male antenna is bizarre, as segment 6 is greatly elongated compared to other segments. The lines of sculpture on the abdominal tergites appear to have very small teeth, and only the anterolateral pair of campaniform sensilla is present on tergite 9 of both males and females (O'Neill, 1972)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3458-Habitat 3458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Bromus sp., Alnus leaves, maple, peach, and various other trees and flowers." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3458-LifeCycle 3458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3458-TrophicStrategy 3458 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3461-ConservationStatus 3461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3461-Cyclicity 3461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June and July. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3461-Distribution 3461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Quebec (Chiasson, 1986). O'Neill (1972) believes that M. betulae may occur wherever Betula is abundant in eastern North America." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3461-GeneralDescription 3461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body length varies from 1.2mm to 1.5mm, and the body is bicoloured. Antennal segments 2 to 5, and the abdomen are brown and the head, thorax, and legs are a yellowish brown. The head is not elongate or bulged laterally, though the interocellar setae are strongly developed. The prothorax has 2 pairs of posterior setae between the major epimeral setae. Males and females are macropterous, and forewings normally have only 2 distal setae on the fore vein. Abdominal sternites lack accessory setae (Stannard, 1968)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3461-Habitat 3461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Betula sp. (Stannard 1968), Populus tremuloides, Salix sp. (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3461-LifeCycle 3461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented.\n\n 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3461-TrophicStrategy 3461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3462-ConservationStatus 3462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare, only known from a few specimens (O'Neill, 1972)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3462-Cyclicity 3462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in July. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3462-Distribution 3462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3462-GeneralDescription 3462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3462-Habitat 3462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alnus leaves (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3462-LifeCycle 3462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3462-TrophicStrategy 3462 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5945-ConservationStatus 5945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No specific information could be found. It can be assumed that as parasitoids, the success of the species is dependent on the success of the host or hosts." 1/3/07 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5945-Cyclicity 5945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult specimens have been collected in late May and early June. 1/3/07 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5945-Distribution 5945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Nearctic (Evenhuis & Greathead 1999). 1/3/07 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5945-GeneralDescription 5945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "4-6 mm long, 13-15 mm wingspan. Wings have faded brown tint and faint darker mottling throughout. Hair with blonde tint.\nCharacteristics shared with other Bombylius species include a slender first antennal segment, long scattered bristly hairs, holoptic males, conspicuously bristled hind femora, and a distinct intercalary vein (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5945-Habitat 5945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid regions with loose soil of the type frequented by ground-nesting bees. 1/3/07 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5945-LifeCycle 5945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little species-specific information available. The general bombyliid life cycle is described in Marshall (2006). Females coat eggs with a sticky substance in order to gather a protective layer of soil when they are dropped into burrows of potential hosts. First instar larvae actively penetrate host nests, then molt into sedentary ectoparasitoids, a phenomenon known as hypermetamorphosis. Pupae are equipped with rigid ornamentation to assist escape from the burrow. Adults resemble bees as a deterrent against predators, and imitate them behaviourally and functionally by feeding on nectar and spreading pollen." 1/3/07 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5945-TrophicStrategy 5945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae parasitise solitary ground-nesting bees, adults feed on nectar (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5946-ConservationStatus 5946 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No specific information could be found. It can be assumed that as parasitoids, the success of the species is dependent on the success of the host or hosts." 1/3/07 15:51 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5946-Cyclicity 5946 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens have been collected from early April to mid-June. 1/3/07 15:51 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5946-Distribution 5946 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Nearctic (Evenhuis 1982). 1/3/07 15:51 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5946-GeneralDescription 5946 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "10-15 mm long, 25-35 mm wingspan. Anterior third of wing translucent with faded orange-brown tint, posterior colorless and transparent. Hair with yellow tint.\nCharacteristics shared with other Bombylius species include a slender first antennal segment, long scattered bristly hairs, holoptic males, conspicuously bristled hind femora, and a distinct intercalary vein (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:51 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5946-Habitat 5946 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid regions with loose soil of the type frequented by ground-nesting bees. 1/3/07 15:51 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5946-LifeCycle 5946 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little species-specific information available. The general bombyliid life cycle is described in Marshall (2006). Females coat eggs with a sticky substance in order to gather a protective layer of soil when they are dropped into burrows of potential hosts. First instar larvae actively penetrate host nests, then molt into sedentary ectoparasitoids, a phenomenon known as hypermetamorphosis. Pupae are equipped with rigid ornamentation to assist escape from the burrow. Adults resemble bees as a deterrent against predators, and imitate them behaviourally and functionally by feeding on nectar and spreading pollen." 1/3/07 15:51 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5946-TrophicStrategy 5946 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae parasitise solitary ground-nesting bees, adults feed on nectar (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:51 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4698-ConservationStatus 4698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4698-Cyclicity 4698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults appear in June. 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4698-Distribution 4698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Type material is from Victoria, British Columbia. It is recorded for Alberta by Bowman (1951)." 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4698-GeneralDescription 4698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Labial palpi dark fuscous. Face golden fuscous. Tuft on head light reddish yellow, not metallic. Thorax golden fuscous. Forewing unicolored shining golden yellowish fuscous with a slight greenish tint. Hind wings light fuscous with yellowish cilia. Abdomen dark fuscous with yellowish anal tuft. Legs light silvery fuscous ... veins 7 and 8 of forewing stalked (Busck 1921: 280).\n\nIn Alberta, similar species include A. abies, A. columbia, A. flexilis and A. mariana in terms of uniform color; otherwise A. monochromella is different from them in strongly yellow head and more golden metallic color of the forewings.\n" 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4698-Habitat 4698 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Chiefly montane. 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4699-ConservationStatus 4699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species overwinters as an egg on leaf buds. The full-fed light green caterpillar is 7 mm long. 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4699-Cyclicity 4699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults appear from end of June to mid-August, some remain tos mid-September (Forbes 1923)." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4699-Distribution 4699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In the United States, it is recorded from New York (Forbes 1923: 346), Michigan (Nielsen 1998: 7), Idaho, Missouri, Colorado, New Mexico (Busck, 1907: 14-15), and California (Busck 1907: 14-15; Powell et al, 1998). In Canada, there are records from Valcartier, Quebec; Parry Sound, Ontario, Alberta (Prentice 1965: 792) and Saskatchewan and Manitoba. In Alberta, it has been collected near Edmonton, Hardisty, Lac La Biche and Vinca Bridge." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4699-GeneralDescription 4699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Labial palpi silvery white. Head silvery white; forehead and face faintly tinged with pale golden brown. Antennae silvery, annulated with dark brown. Fore wings silvery white, with a pale golden brown streak at the base of costa. About the middle of the wing is an oblique, dark golden brown band, broadest on the inner margin, and tapering to the costa, beyond which is a narrower, oblique band of the same hue produced in the middle, as a rather broad, somewhat curved streak toward the tip, behind which it is arrested; cilia pale golden brown, with a darker hinder-marginal line; hind wings dark gray; cilia the same. / Another specimen, on the middle of the inner margin, has a rectangular, golden brown patch, not extended to the costa, with an irregular, obliquely placed patch of the same hue on the inner margin, near the tip, and slightly connected with a small costal patch placed midway between the patches, on the inner margin. The tip of the wing is golden brown, and is scarcely connected with the second patch by a posteriorly produced portion (Clemens, 1861: 7). Busck (1907: 14) provided a thorough description of the species, indicating ""Alar expanse: 13 mm., Thorax white ... Forewing with veins 7 [R4] and 8 [R5] separate... different from the European A. andereggiella"". Forbes (1923: 346) also gave a description, indicating that the wingspread could vary from 10 to 13 mm.\nA closely related species to A. oreasella in Alberta is A. goedartella which has much denser golden stripping on its forewing. Otherwise, A. oreasella can be easily identified by its typical forewing pattern.\n" 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4699-Habitat 4699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Chiefly montane, but also boreal and prairie." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4699-LifeCycle 4699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species overwinters as an egg on leaf buds. The full-fed light green caterpillar is 7 mm long. It tunnel into young shoots of its food plant, Choke cherry and Pin cherry, in May; it then exits the stem, and pupates. During late May or early June, new green shoots wither and die. It is usually easy to find them by looking for a small hole at the base of the stem and cut open, then look for light a green caterpillar." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4699-TrophicStrategy 4699 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva is a leaf miner and feeds on chokecherry, pincherry and saskatoon (Prentice 1965: 792). Busck (1907: 14-15) also mentions ""oaks"" as possible food plants." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4812-ConservationStatus 4812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4812-Cyclicity 4812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in June. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4812-GeneralDescription 4812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the coxendix group (subgenus Odontium). Distinguished on color alone: elytra with rufous ground-color, against which the bright green striae are strongly contrasting; three basal segments of antennae and legs (except tip of tarsi) entirely testaceous. Prothorax with sides less rounded and base broader than in coxendix, latero-basal carinula stronger, anterior lateral seta constantly present. Punctures of elytral striae fine. Length 4.5 to 6.7 mm." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4812-Habitat 4812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On bare, clay-mixed sand near water, both rivers and lakes." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4812-TrophicStrategy 4812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4813-GeneralDescription 4813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the chalceum group (subgenus Pseudoperyphus). An extremely variable species. Black with aeneous, brassy or greenish lustre, base of antennae (at least 1st segment underneath) red, legs more or less piceous with inner part of femora paler. Prothorax narrow and convex, cordiform, with reflexed sides very narrow, hind angles slightly obtuse or almost right. Elytra with deep, somplete, strongly punctate striae and more or less convex intervals. Length 4.7 to 7.3 mm." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4813-Habitat 4813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On barren shores and banks with gravel or coarse sand, usually along large rivers." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4813-LifeCycle 4813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4813-TrophicStrategy 4813 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4814-ConservationStatus 4814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4814-Cyclicity 4814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in May to July. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4814-GeneralDescription 4814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the americanum group (subgenus Ochthedromus). Often greenish, blue, or almost black; legs usually darker, palpi and 1st antennal segment hardly paler. Somewhat dull, due to strong microreticulation which is granulate on outer elytra intervals. Prothorax with rounded sides and short sinuation before hind angle. Elytra with large, foveate dorsal punctures in the 3rd stria. Length 6.8 to 7.7 mm." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4814-Habitat 4814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat On clay near water; common at the margin of saline water. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4814-LifeCycle 4814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4814-TrophicStrategy 4814 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4815-GeneralDescription 4815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the nitidum group (subgenus Eudromus). Black, very shiny due to complete lack of microsculpture on prothorax and elytra, upper surface with more or less pronounced brassy (rarely bluish) lustre; 1st antennal segment reddish (at least underneath), tibiae piceous. Prothorax with sides little rounded, latero-basal carina very sharp, running almost parallel with side margin. Basal margin of elytra arcuate, shoulder angle about right, 1st to 5th striae evidently punctate. Length 4.1 to 5.3 mm." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4815-Habitat 4815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A xerophilous species, on sandy ground, often moraine; also on gravel and open prairie." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4815-LifeCycle 4815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4815-TrophicStrategy 4815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4816-GeneralDescription 4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the nitidumgroup (subgenus Eudromus). Larger than nitidum, slightly dull from evident microreticulation. Color often more pronouncedly metallic, antennae with 3-4 basal segments red, at least underneath; also legs paler. Prothorax broader, with more rounded sides, basal carina diverging from side margin, usually concave inwards. Elytra with basal margin almost straight inside shoulder angle, which is obtuse; striae less abbreviated. Length 4.8 to 7.2 mm." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4816-Habitat 4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On clay-mixed sand, along the banks of big rivers." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4816-LifeCycle 4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4816-TrophicStrategy 4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5829-ConservationStatus 5829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Raphidopterans in general are thought to be fairly rare, and they are less common in the Nearctic than the Palearctic, so Agulla adnixa is unlikely to be common." 3/3/06 8:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5829-Distribution 5829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Agulla adnixa is found throughout North America, ranging at least from California through Colorado and Utah and into Canada." 3/3/06 8:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5829-GeneralDescription 5829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species can be told from others of the same genus by abdominal and genital differences, especially on the males. In males, the tergite and the sternite of the ninth segment are totally fused, while fusion is only partial in other species. On that segment is a plate found to be the gonopophyses. On posterior side of this are thin spurs, which are wider and larger in other species (Ferris and Pennebaker, 1939)." 3/3/06 8:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5829-Habitat 5829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Arboreal, some tree or bush cover necessary." 3/3/06 8:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5829-TrophicStrategy 5829 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Agulla adnixa are carnivorous and the adults feed mainly on aphids and other similar insects. The larvae are also carnivorous and feed on the eggs and larvae of other insects, especially Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. (Aspöck, 2002)." 3/3/06 8:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5798-ConservationStatus 5798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Never common, but probably of no concern." 1/31/06 7:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5798-Cyclicity 5798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta material has been collected from July 2 to August 23. 1/31/06 7:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5798-Distribution 5798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ontario, District of Columbia, South Dakota, Illinois, Tennessee, Missouri, Louisiana, Alabama, Texas, Montana, California (Heinrich 1926). It is also known from Quebec and Labrador (Handfield 1997). In Alberta, it is known from the prairies and aspen parkland." 1/31/06 7:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5798-GeneralDescription 5798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (10-16 mm wingspan) Tortricid moth of the subfamily Olethreutinae. The forewings are light brown, narrow-pointed at the apex and with a number of darker brown areas. The hind wings are sooty-brown in color. Similar in appearance to Bactra verutana but easily distinguished by the male genitalia as the cucullus lacks stout spines. Illustrations of the latter are in both Heinrich (1926) and Miller (1987)." 1/31/06 7:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5798-Habitat 5798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Near marshy areas. 1/31/06 7:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5798-LifeCycle 5798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Comes to light. 1/31/06 7:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5798-TrophicStrategy 5798 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Juncus (Heinrich 1926). 1/31/06 7:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5799-ConservationStatus 5799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread but uncommon. Of no concern. 1/31/06 8:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5799-Cyclicity 5799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta specimens have been collected from June 20 to September 17. 1/31/06 8:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5799-Distribution 5799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Florida, Texas, Mississippi, North Carolina, Indiana, Missouri, Ontario and Alberta (Heinrich 1926). It is also known from Quebec and Labrador (Handfield 1997). In Alberta, it has been found in the prairies, aspen parkland, foothills and mixed wood areas." 1/31/06 8:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5799-GeneralDescription 5799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (11-17 mm wingspan) Tortricid moth of the subfamily Olethreutinae. The forewings are light brown, narrow-pointed at the apex and with a number of darker brown areas. The hind wings are sooty-brown in color. Similar in appearance to Bactra furfurana but easily distinguished by the male genitalia as the cucullus bears stout spines. Illustrations of the latter are in both Heinrich (1926) and Miller (1987)." 1/31/06 8:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5799-Habitat 5799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Near marshy areas. 1/31/06 8:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5799-LifeCycle 5799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Comes to light. 1/31/06 8:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5799-TrophicStrategy 5799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Juncus (U.S. Bureau of Entomology rearing) according to Heinrich (1926). Larva feeds on leaves, fascicles and basal bulbs of Cyperus esculentus, Scirpus and Juncus according to Miller (1987)." 1/31/06 8:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5800-ConservationStatus 5800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Apparently not widespread, but probably of no concern." 1/31/06 8:23 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5800-Cyclicity 5800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta material has been collected from June 21 to July 18. 1/31/06 8:23 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5800-Distribution 5800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Apparently an eastern thing. Heinrich (1926) has it from Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ohio, Illinois, Kansas, Texas and Quebec. Miller (1987) reports it from Michigan, Wisconsin and Maine. In Alberta, it is known from Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park. UASM material named inornatana was actually of quadrifidus." 1/31/06 8:23 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5800-GeneralDescription 5800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A Tortricid moth of the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Olethreutini. Formerly in the genus Exartema along with the related species punctana and quadrifidus but now in the large genus Olethreutes. These three species all have wings that are olivaceous brown in color with somewhat darker apical and mid costal patches, wingspans in the 16-20 mm range, fly at the same time and have similar food plants. The fore wings of this species differ from punctana by lacking a dark basal patch and discal spot, and from quadrifidus by lacking a fine line of white scaling following the fold. Like punctana, the male genitalia have a digitus projecting from the neck of the harpe near the sacculus, whereas quadrifidus has a digitus near the cucullus. The male genitalia are illustrated in both Heinrich (1926) and Miller (1987)." 1/31/06 8:23 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5800-Habitat 5800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Brushy or wooded areas with Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) and Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana). 1/31/06 8:23 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5800-LifeCycle 5800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Comes to light. 1/31/06 8:23 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5800-TrophicStrategy 5800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Prunus and Cornus (Heinrich 1926) of which it is a leaf tier, also other species in the east." 1/31/06 8:23 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5801-ConservationStatus 5801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Apparently not widespread, but probably of no concern." 1/31/06 8:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5801-Cyclicity 5801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta material has been collected from June 20 to July 27. 1/31/06 8:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5801-Distribution 5801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ontario, Quebec and California (Heinrich 1926). McDunnough (1935) cites material from British Columbia. Miller (1987) reports it from Michigan and Wisconsin. It is also known from Quebec and Labrador (Handfield 1997). In Alberta, it is known from the Edmonton area." 1/31/06 8:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5801-GeneralDescription 5801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A Tortricid moth of the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Olethreutini. Formerly in the genus Exartema along with the related species inornatana and quadrifidus but now in the large genus Olethreutes. These three species all have wings that are olivaceous brown in color with somewhat darker apical and mid costal patches, wingspans in the 16-20 mm range, fly at the same time and have similar food plants. The fore wings of punctana have a dark basal patch as well as a dark discal spot, while the other two species lack these features. Like inornatana, the male genitalia have a digitus projecting from the neck of the harpe near the sacculus, whereas quadrifidus has a digitus near the cucullus. The male genitalia are illustrated in both Heinrich (1926) and Miller (1987). Alberta material does not match O. connectus, described by McDunnough (1935) from Ontario, even though some regard the two as synonymous." 1/31/06 8:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5801-Habitat 5801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Brushy or wooded areas with Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) and Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana). 1/31/06 8:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5801-LifeCycle 5801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Comes to light. 1/31/06 8:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5801-TrophicStrategy 5801 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Cornus (Heinrich 1926), of which it is a leaf tier." 1/31/06 8:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5802-ConservationStatus 5802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Widespread, and of no concern." 1/31/06 8:41 2/6/15 13:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5802-Cyclicity 5802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta material has been collected from June 21 to July 13. 1/31/06 8:41 2/6/15 13:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5802-Distribution 5802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Heinrich (1926) has it from New York, New Hampshire, Illinois, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and British Columbia. In addition, Miller (1987) has it from Michigan and Wisconsin. Alberta UASM material called inornatana. was actually of this species. Alberta material has been found in coulees in the prairies and in Aspen Parkland and mixed wood areas." 1/31/06 8:41 2/6/15 13:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5802-GeneralDescription 5802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A Tortricid moth of the subfamily Olethreutinae and tribe Olethreutini. Formerly in the genus Exartema along with the related species punctana and quadrifidus but now in the large genus Olethreutes. These three species all have wings that are olivaceous brown in color with somewhat darker apical and mid costal patches, wingspans in the 16-20 mm range, fly at the same time and have similar food plants. The fore wings of this species differ from punctana by lacking a dark basal patch and discal spot, and from inornatana by having a fine line of white scaling following the fold. Like punctana, the male genitalia have a digitus near the cucullus while punctana and inornatana have a digitus projecting from the neck of the harpe near the sacculus. The male genitalia are illustrated in both Heinrich (1926) and Miller (1987)." 1/31/06 8:41 2/6/15 13:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5802-Habitat 5802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Brushy or wooded areas with Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) and Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana). 1/31/06 8:41 2/6/15 13:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5802-LifeCycle 5802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Comes to light. 1/31/06 8:41 2/6/15 13:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5802-TrophicStrategy 5802 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Cornus (Heinrich 1926) of which it is a leaf tier, and Prunus (Miller 1987)." 1/31/06 8:41 2/6/15 13:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5956-ConservationStatus 5956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status There is not enough empirical data to warrant special conservation concerns. 1/4/07 15:47 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5956-Cyclicity 5956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Single Alberta record collected in June. Specimen from Tortricid.net (2006) database was collected in mid July. Adults probably fly throughout June and July. 1/4/07 15:47 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5956-Distribution 5956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The true extent of distribution is unknown. Recorded Alberta specimen collected in Edmonton. Records indicate that this species can also be found in Maryland, United States (Tortricid.net 2006)." 1/4/07 15:47 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5956-GeneralDescription 5956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Large sized Endothenia species. Forewings of recorded specimen are dark brownish black color and appear to be relatively solid with little contrast in colors. The tip of the forewing is relatively straight instead of curved. Heinrich (1926) suggests that this species resembles Endothenia conditana, however the genitalia is stouter for E. infuscata." 1/4/07 15:47 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5956-Habitat 5956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Exact habitat requirements are unknown. 1/4/07 15:47 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5956-LifeCycle 5956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/4/07 15:47 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5956-TrophicStrategy 5956 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Specific diet information for this species is unknown however; most larvae from the Olethreutini tribe are oligophagous leaf rollers and webbers. The diversity of host plants used by the larvae of Olethreutini is the broadest for any group of Tortricidae. (Roelofs and Brown 1982). 1/4/07 15:47 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5234-ConservationStatus 5234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5234-Cyclicity 5234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta mid August - early September. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5234-Distribution 5234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Another arid-land western species, occuring from the dry interior of southern BC east to southwest SK and western ND, south to northern NM and CA. In Alberta it has been found north to the Drumheller region." 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5234-GeneralDescription 5234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5 cm wingspan) narrow-winged brown moth with longitudinal streaking, unlike any other member of the genus Abagrotis. The forewings are dark brown, usually paler yellow brown along the leading half. The veins are marked with dark scales, giving the wings a very streaky appearance. Normal lines and spots obsolete or nearly so. Hindwings light brown, darker in female, and with veins lined with brown scales." 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5234-Habitat 5234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry sagebrush grassland. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5234-LifeCycle 5234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poory known. There is a single annual brood with adults flying in the fall. They are attracted to light. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5234-TrophicStrategy 5234 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host is reported to be sagebrush (Artemesia sp.) (Lafontaine, 1998)." 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5968-Cyclicity 5968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity January to August. 1/5/07 12:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5968-Distribution 5968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern California to Alaska. West coast to southern Ontario. 1/5/07 12:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5968-GeneralDescription 5968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Appears highly polished, dorsally black with sides distinctly bronzed (Fall, 1922). Elytra usually without visible microreticulation (netlike structure) at 50x magnification (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). The 11th (most lateral) row of punctures (stria) close to margin in apical third of hardened forewing (elytra) (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Abdominal segments 4-7 uniformly black (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Strial punctures finer near suture (medially) (Fall 1922). Male genitalia (aedeagus) flattened throughout, tapering slightly towards apex, apex blunt. Most closely resembles G. sayi and G. dubius. Gyrinus picipes can be separated from G. sayi by absence of or non-uniform microreticulation in G. picipes which are present and uniform in G. sayi (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Females of G. picipes have the same microreticulations as males, whereas females of G. sayi have more distinct microreticulations than males. Male length 4.6-5.3 mm and width 2.6-2.9 mm. Female length 5.6-6.2 mm, width 2.9-3.3 mm (Oygur and Wolfe 1991)." 1/5/07 12:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5968-Habitat 5968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found more frequently on surface of lentic waters, also ocurs in lotic waters." 1/5/07 12:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5968-LifeCycle 5968 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Has been collected in schools of mixed species also containing G. maculiventris, G. minutus, and G. pectoralis (Fall 1922). A detailed study of G. picipes has shown that the characteristic ""whirling"" swimming pattern of gyrinids is not haphazard but the most efficient way to conduct a search for food items that will only remain trapped in the surface film for a brief period (Winkleman and Vinyard 1991)." 1/5/07 12:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4736-ConservationStatus 4736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 6/25/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4736-Cyclicity 4736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Single specimen collected in June. 6/25/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4736-Distribution 4736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from most of Canada, and the northern half of United States. In Alberta, the single record is from upper Hay River, (Lindroth 1969)." 6/25/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4736-GeneralDescription 4736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Smallest Canadian species; elytral intervals uniseriately punctate; upper surface shiny with scarce, short pubescence; piceous black, including margins of prothorax, elytra somewhat paler at base, but no humeral spot; appendages rufotestaceous; Elytra with basal margin incomplete; striae deep, with punctures stronger than in intervals; apex obliquely truncate. Wing-dimorphic species, but only one macropterous specimen reported. (Lindroth 1969)" 6/25/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4736-Habitat 4736 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Likely xerophilous. 6/25/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4738-ConservationStatus 4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status One of the more frequently collected species of Cymindis. 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4738-Cyclicity 4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult specimens caught from May to September, more common later in the summer." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4738-Distribution 4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is recorded from most of Canada and the western half of United States. Numerous records from southern Alberta (Lindroth 1969). 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4738-GeneralDescription 4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elytra similar to cribricollis, but with basal bead incomplete, reaching the level of 3rd or 4th stria only; punctuation of intervals coarser and sparser; elytra black or dark piceous, usually with bluish reflection; shoulder macula constantly present, covering outer 4 or 5 intervals, also at least anterior part of first interval and extreme sides of elytra; antennal segment 1 long as in cribricollis. Wing-dimorphic, but normally just brachypterous. (Lindroth 1969)" 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4738-Habitat 4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Xerophilous, dry, sandy prairie or gravel-pits (Lindroth 1969)." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4738-LifeCycle 4738 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Hibernation apparently in both larval and adult stages (Lindroth 1969). 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4739-ConservationStatus 4739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively rare. 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4739-Cyclicity 4739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Most specimens found in June and July, but also found as late as October." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4739-Distribution 4739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Record from Jasper (Lindroth), and specimens mostly from Andrew Lake in Alberta." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4739-GeneralDescription 4739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small and slender with characteristic prothorax, pronouncedly cordate, strongly sinuate, and only slightly wider than head; sharp hind angles; dorsum piceous to almost black; base of elytra often dark rufous (no humeral spot, though); elytra punctuated on striae and intervals, with complete basal margin, apex obliquely truncate, not sinuate; The complete basal margin and non-sinuate apex of the elytra distinguish it from C. vaporariorum Linné . Only brachypterous specimens seen. (Lindroth 1969)" 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4739-Habitat 4739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Xerophilous, in treeless country, also above timber limit and on tundra (Lindroth 1969)." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4740-ConservationStatus 4740 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not recorded from Alberta. 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4740-Cyclicity 4740 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Most adults collected in June and July, but likely are around all summer." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4740-Distribution 4740 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from the Yukon Territory and Northwest Territory in Canada, and Alaska in the United States. Not recorded from Alberta." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4740-GeneralDescription 4740 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Colour dark brown to rufous. Antennae, palps, and legs testaceous. Head and pronotum very punctuate and setose. Elytra oblong, larger apically, striae finely punctuated (Lindroth 1992). Intervals pubescent and punctuated. The sinuate apex and incomplete basal margin of elytra distinguish it from C. unicolor Kirby (Jeannel 1942). Wing dimorphism evident. Brachypterous form with wings less than 1/2 length of elytra; macropterous form fully capable of flight (Lindroth 1992). Length 7.5-9 mm." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4740-Habitat 4740 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Xerophilous, on gravel, frequently mixed with sand. Less often on dry peat soil (Lindroth 1992)." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4740-LifeCycle 4740 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Likely fall mating and larval hibernation, with many adults hibernating as well (Lindroth 1992)." 6/25/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3858-ConservationStatus 3858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species; no concens. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3858-Cyclicity 3858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta during the last week of August and the first half of September 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3858-Distribution 3858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Saskatchewan west to southern Vancouver Island, south to Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona and southern California. In Alberta catenula has been collected north to Calgary and Dinosaur Provincial Park." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3858-GeneralDescription 3858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-3.7 cm wingspan) pale grey-white moth. The forewings are light chalky grey or tan, almost white, with a few scattered black scales. The transverse lines are reduced to a prominent black mark where each would meet the costa, with the postmedian line also indicated by a series of small spots or dashes at the veins. The orbicular spot is reduced to a few black scales or a small spot, and the reniniform is a prominent, black doubled spot. The terminal line is a series of small black triangles, and the fringe is light grey-white. The hindwings are bright white with a dark discal mark, sooty brown scales lining the veins, and a white fringe. \n\nPale specimens of E. spumata and E. tronella lack the prominent dark spots at the costa, and are light tan, not grey. Most likely to be mistaken for Agrotis vetusta, which is larger and lacks the dark scaling at the reniform spot. There are also excellent genital characters that will separate catenula from similar species. Catenula belongs to the subgenus Euxoa. Keys to the subgenera and species of Euxoa, along with illustrations of both sexes and their genitalia, are available in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3858-Habitat 3858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Arid shortgrass prairie, badlands and xeric open woodland." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3858-LifeCycle 3858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single brood each season, which emerges in late summer and overwinters in the egg stage. Adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light. The immature stages have not been described." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3858-TrophicStrategy 3858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Like most Euxoa, a general feeder on a variety of low plants. In Montana larvae have been collected on wheat (Tritium) , sweet clover (Meliotis), lupines (Lupinus), Russian thistle (Salsola), mustards (Cruciferae), violets (Viola), and milk-vetch (Astragalus)." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4039-ConservationStatus 4039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rather rare species, known from only about 2 dozen sites globally, one in Alberta." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4039-Cyclicity 4039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta on May 17. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4039-Distribution 4039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "South central Alberta and east-central Montana west to south-central BC, south to central California, southern Nevada, central Utah and western Colorado. In Alberta it has been collected only in the Red Deer River valley at Emerson Bridge Recreational area." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4039-GeneralDescription 4039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5 - 3.9 cm wingspan) fawn or grey-brown moth. Male antennae are strongly biserrate, about 5 times the width of the shaft. The thorax is mixed with light grey or white scales, giving a grizzled appearance. The forewing basal, antemedian and postmedian lines are jagged and marked in dark grey, the antemedian line is doubled, and the postmedian toothed is distally at the veins. The orbicular and reniform spots are large but poorly defined, with the orbicular as large as the reniform, rounded or slightly oval, and slightly paler in color than the ground. The subterminal line is indicated by a few dark marks, and the fringe are slightly paler that the ground. Hind wings light grey-brown, usually paler toward the base, with a faint postmedian line, discal bar and terminal band. Fringe white or nearly so. The saccular extensions in the male genitalia are very short, about half the length of the harpe, and the appendix bursa in the female is very large, about 4 times the size of the corpus bursa.\n\nEdictalis belongs to the subgenus Longivesica, characterized by the extremely long vesica in the male and a long appendix bursa, exceeding the corpus bursa in length, in females. The male and female genitalia are very distinct from those of any other Euxoa. Keys to the subgenera and species and illustrations of adults and genitalia are provided in Lafontaine, 1987. \n" 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4039-Habitat 4039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open arid areas with light soils. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4039-LifeCycle 4039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single brood each year, with adults flying very early in the season for this genus. Adults are attracted to light. The larvae are unknown" 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4039-TrophicStrategy 4039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Most Euxoa utilize a variety of broad-leaved low-growing plants. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4040-ConservationStatus 4040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4040-Cyclicity 4040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta adults have been collected mid-June to mid-August, with the main flight in late June." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4040-Distribution 4040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to Alaska, south to New York and Michigan in the east, and in the mountains of the west south to New Mexico, Arizona and California. Present throughout much of Alberta, from the Milk River north to Zama, but apparently largely replaced by E. sinelinea in the northeastern part of the province." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4040-GeneralDescription 4040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.1-3.5 cm wingspan) dark brown moth. The forewings are dark brown or dark grey-brown with a black basal dash and a contrasting pale cubital vein. Most likely to be mistaken for specimens of E. ridingsiana or some forms of E. tessellata. Divergens lacks the pale streak distal to the claviform spot and the streaking in the subterminal area found in ridingsiana. Males can also be distinguished by the long saccular extensions (longer than the harpes in divergens, half as long as the harpes in ridingsisana). Females of the two species can be separated by the absence in divergens of the sclerotized flanges on the ovipositor lobes found in ridingsiana. Males of divergens can be separated from those of tessellata by the absence of the yellow scale tufts at the forewing base found in tessellata, as well as by the more cylindrical saccular extensions and the less apically expanded cucullus in divergens. The ovipositor lobes of divergens are rounded and covered in fine setae; those of tessellata are truncate and covered in short, conical setae.\n\nSpecimens of divergens can be quite variable in both ground color (almost black to light grey-brown) and extent of white scaling along the cubital veins (well-marked to reduced to a few light scales). Divergens belongs in the subgenus Longivesica, characterized by the extremely long vesica in males and the appendix bursa being longer than the corpus bursa in females. Lafontaine (1987) provides keys to the subgenera and species and illustrates adults and the genitalia of both sexes.\n" 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4040-Habitat 4040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas, including dry open woodlands." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4040-LifeCycle 4040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Divergens is single brooded, and the adults are nocturnal and come to lights and bait. The immature stages are known only from laboratory-reared material. It is one of the earliest species of Euxoa on the wing in Alberta." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4040-TrophicStrategy 4040 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No data; like most members of the genus, probably a general feeder on low plants." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4294-ConservationStatus 4294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4294-Cyclicity 4294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies in early spring, peaking throughout May." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4294-Distribution 4294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Coastal BC east to Newfoundland, and from the Peace River region of BC and Alberta south to Oregon, Colorado and Georgia (McGuffin 1981, Wagner et al. 2001)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4294-GeneralDescription 4294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The bright white hindwings and underside, together with frosted grey forewings give this moth a bluish white appearance when flying. The ventral surface has well-defined discal spots, which are faint on the dorsal surface. No other moth like it" 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4294-Habitat 4294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open shrubby thickets with cherry or hawthorn, especially on valley and coulee slopes." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4294-LifeCycle 4294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The bluish appearance and rapid flight of this diurnal moth are vaguely reminiscent of Spring Azure butterflies (Celastrina lucia), which flies at the same time around cherry thickets. Larvae are rich emerald green with a row of yellow dorsal spots, and pupae overwinter (Wagner et al. 2001)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4294-TrophicStrategy 4294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on cherries (Prunus) and hawthorns (Crataegus) (McGuffin 1981). 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4524-Cyclicity 4524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight period is June though August (Yanega 1996). 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4524-Distribution 4524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species ranges across most of Canada (Bousquet 1991), and is found in Alaska, Wisconsin and Maine in the United States." 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4524-GeneralDescription 4524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body robust, dark brown to blackish, dull. Head closely punctuate, antennae to apical 1/3 of elytra, with segments 8-11 as long as the preceding 3 together. Gula with a dense beard of long pale hairs, pronotum distinctly wider than long, sides usually rounded, rarely angular. Abdomen with 5th sternite truncate or feebly emarginated at apex. Females more robust than males, abdomen with 5th sternite rounded at the apex (Linsley 1962). Eyes not hairy, pronotal surface irregular with a pair of deep pits; elytra with distinct ridges. The range extends westward to overlap with that of a similar species A. asparatus (LeConte), which is possibly only a variant of A. foveicollis (Yanega 1996; Linsley 1962). Overall, A. foveicollis is most defined by their nicely rounded pair of pronotal pits, rounded pronotal profile and gradually abbreviated antennal segments." 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4524-Habitat 4524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forests of North America east of the Rocky Mountains (Yanega 1996). 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4524-LifeCycle 4524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Breeds in Pinus and Picea (Downie and Arnett 1996). 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4524-TrophicStrategy 4524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on the bases of dead pine and spruce trees; Pinus sp, P. rigida, P. strobes and Picea sp (Yanega 1996)." 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4543-ConservationStatus 4543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rarely collected moth in Alberta, but no obvious reasons for concerns." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4543-Cyclicity 4543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late July and early September. 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4543-Distribution 4543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from the foothills and high plains in southern Alberta west to British Columbia, south to the central Sierra Nevada in California. (Troubridge, J. and J. D. Lafontaine. Taxonomic Notes on the Noctuidae. in press.)" 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4543-GeneralDescription 4543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A robust medium-size (3.2-3.5 cm wingspan) noctuid moth. The forewings are a beautiful mix of purple, maroon, orange, and pale yellow, changing subtly with the light angle. The round orbicular and oblong-rectangular reniform spots are pale yellow. The terminal areas are mostly yellow-buff, with a very fine, scalloped dark terminal line. The hingwings are white, overlaid with pink scales on the outer half. The head and thorax are solid creamy or pinkish buff. The closely related and very similar O. violacea occurs in BC; it has white hindwings without pink, a central orange-red tuft on the thorax and differences in the genitalia. The much smaller O. egens is dark rusty-orange with dark hindwings. Rampartensis is one of the most attractive noctuids, and is unlikely to be mistaken for anything else in Alberta." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4543-Habitat 4543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry wooded foothills and montane; riparian woodland in the Milk River valley. 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4543-LifeCycle 4543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood, which flies in late summer." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4543-TrophicStrategy 4543 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4544-ConservationStatus 4544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon in Alberta, but widespread elsewhere; no concerns." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4544-Cyclicity 4544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in June. 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4544-Distribution 4544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in eastern and southern North America. In Alberta it has been collected mainly in the southern boreal forest and the more mesic parts of the aspen parklands region, as well in the foothills near Calgary." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4544-GeneralDescription 4544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized moth (3.6-3.8 cm wingspan) with powdery grey forewings with black markings and dirty white hindwings. There is a prominent black basal streak that extends just through the antemedian line. The antemedian line is oblique, angled distad toward the lower margin, and is doubled and filled with lighter grey scales. The postmedian line curves outward on the upper half, and is crossed by a fine black streak in the anal angle. The orbicular spot is round, light grey and partially outlined in black scales. The reniform is less clearly defined, and is also partially outlined in black scales. The hindwings are dirty white, darkening toward the outer margin. Sexes are similar, with females having more dark scaling on the hindwings.\n\nVery similar to the much commoner Grey Dagger-moth (A. grisea), which is slightly broader-winged and smaller-bodied. The best character for separating radcliffei and grisea is the postmedian line; in radcliffei it runs straight to the margin, whereas in grisea it angles sharply distad and then basad at the lower margin.\n" 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4544-Habitat 4544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest. 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4544-LifeCycle 4544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A solitary defoliator of hardwood trees or shrubs. The adults are attracted to light. There is a single annual brood, with the adults flying in late spring." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4544-TrophicStrategy 4544 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere in Canada it has been recorded from a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, with most records from white birch (Betula papyrifera (Prentice, 1962). Rings et al (1992) summarized a number of host records reported in the literature, most in the family Rosacea, including apple (Malus), serviceberry (Amelanchier, and various cherries (Prunus), but also mountain ash (Sorbus), elm (Ulmus, and willow (Salix)." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5428-ConservationStatus 5428 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/2/05 9:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5428-Cyclicity 5428 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens have been collected from early April through late September. 6/2/05 9:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5428-Distribution 5428 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ellychnia corrusca is present throughout most of North America, especially east of the Rocky Mountains (Fender 1970). In Alberta, it ranges from Beaverlodge south to the U.S. border." 6/2/05 9:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5428-GeneralDescription 5428 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Because of variations across its range, the most recent information describes E. corrusca as a species complex, quite possibly consisting of several species but not sufficiently studied or understood to differentiate between them (Lloyd 2003). Ellychnia corrusca displays the basic Ellychnia characteristics, which distinguish it from other Alberta fireflies. Its body is a uniform black colour except for a pale prothorax, the pronotum bearing a median and two lateral dark vittae (stripes). Some specimens also have parts of the last two abdominal segments slightly pale and yellowed. The species lacks any pale borders on the elytra, and lacks light organs in both male and female. The pronotum is semi-elliptical and lacks translucent windows, the eyes are small and distantly separated on the head, and the first antennal segment is longer than the third, often quite obviously so. Ellychnia corrusca can be distinguished from “western” Ellychnia species (those ranging from the Rocky Mountains west to the Pacific coast) by its brown-grey elytral pubescence, which give the elytra a dusty appearance. Western species have black elytral hairs. Two other “eastern” species of Ellychnia are recognized, both of them small (7mm). Since size appears to be the principal distinguishing characteristic between E. corrusca and the other eastern species, an elytral length of 6.5mm or greater when identifying specimens of E. corrusca was used for this species page. This follows Rooney and Lewis (2000) who used elytral lengths of 6mm or greater in the identification of E. corrusca." 6/2/05 9:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5428-Habitat 5428 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moist, usually marshy areas, with thick grassy vegetation and often with trees." 6/2/05 9:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5428-LifeCycle 5428 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "While life history information concerning E. corrusca in Alberta does not exist, studies done in Massachusetts have greatly contributed to our understanding of the species. It should be noted that particulars such as mating period may be different in Alberta. Adults overwinter a single season in grooves in the bark of trees; overwintering sites appear to be quite specific and are reused by subsequent generations in following years. Sites are often a foot or more off the ground. Minimal movement occurs through the winter months, and adults do not fly from tree to tree during this period. In Massachusetts, 88 to 99% winter survivorship was observed in the field. High fall levels of abdominal fats, especially in the females, may contribute to winter hardiness. Adults begin to fly in March, and mating occurs from early April to mid May for approximately six weeks. Mating occurs on tree trunks, and can last up to 24 hours (longer periods in lab studies). Eggs hatch about 16 days after being laid (Rooney & Lewis 2000). Larval E. corrusca are found within rotting wood (Arnett 2001). Adults will die in late spring, and the larvae pupate some time before snowfall in autumn." 6/2/05 9:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5428-TrophicStrategy 5428 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Massachusetts, adults appear to be fluid feeders, and can be found on both sugar maple sap flows in April and Norway maple flowers in May. Having found adults at the base of trees throughout the spring and summer, Rooney and Lewis (2000) theorized that these were feeding on interstitial fluids of these trees. Dillon & Dillon (1961) describe E. corrusca adults as being on aster and goldenrod in the fall. Arnett (2001) describes the larvae of all lampyrids as being predaceous." 6/2/05 9:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5773-ConservationStatus 5773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, an occasional minor pest throughout its range." 8/16/05 9:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5773-Cyclicity 5773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Unknown in Canada, in Europe and New York state adults are active in mid May (Frankenhuyzen van 1970, Slingerland 1905 cited in Smith 1971)." 8/16/05 9:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5773-Distribution 5773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "North America, Europe, Japan, South Africa (Smith 1971)." 8/16/05 9:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5773-GeneralDescription 5773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: Females only, males not recorded. Small black sawflies approx. 4 mm long. Middle tibia whitish, all tarsi black to whitish but variable. Can be distinguished from Fenusa pumila by length of antennae; are longer than thorax in F. dohrnii (shorter than thorax in F pumila). All sawflies of this group posses an ovipositor modified to be used as a saw to facilitate the deposition of eggs under the surface of leaves. Serrula (teeth) of lancet (saw) low and flat but more obvious than those on the saw of F. pumila.\n\nLarvae: Creamy white with a black band on the ventral surface of the thorax, more visible in the later feeding stages. The body is covered in small dark spines and with fewer teeth on the mandibles than Fenusa ulmi or F. pumila. There are 6 instars. \n\nThe three North American Fenusa species complete development inside leaves of the host plant. Therefore, the larval host is an important diagnostic character. Fenusa dohrnii feeds in Alder, F. pumila on Birch and F. ulmi occurs in eastern North America on Elm.\n\nAdapted from Smith 1971." 8/16/05 9:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5773-Habitat 5773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Unknown for adults, larva feeders on wild and ornamental Alder." 8/16/05 9:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5773-LifeCycle 5773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Generally similar to other members of the tribe. Only available description of the life history from Slingerland 1905 (as cited in Smith 1971). Species is believed to be parthenogenic. Females oviposit in the leaf surface in the centre part of newly expanded or expanding Alder leaves (Frankenhuyzen van 1970). Larvae feed for approximately 3 weeks before dropping to the ground to pupate. Based on larval activity still being evident in September there are likely multiple generations per year (Smith 1971). Digweed & Langor (2004) observed active larvae in late August and early September in the Northwest Territories, south of the 64th parallel indicating a similar life history in Canada." 8/16/05 9:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5773-TrophicStrategy 5773 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed in Alder (Alnus), a member of the Betulaceae, from a number of species; Speckled Alder (A. incana subsp rugosa), Mountain Alder (A. incana subsp. tenuifolia), European Alder (A. glutinosa) and A. rugosa (serrulata). From records in Digweed & Langor 2004 and Smith 1971." 8/16/05 9:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5831-Cyclicity 5831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Depends on area collected, likely in the summer in Alberta." 3/3/06 9:18 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5831-Distribution 5831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in the Northern Hemisphere only, and occurs mainly in the northern United States and throughout most of Canada, even into Alaska and the Yukon Territory. It has been found in Northern Europe as well." 3/3/06 9:18 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5831-GeneralDescription 5831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Identifying individuals down to genus is fairly simple, due to their large raptorial forelegs. Identifying down to species level is more complicated though, due to the fact that Ochthera mantis was originally a complex of species (Clausen, 1977). This means that colour differences, and genital differences, especially on the males are key in identifying them. The head has no markings, and the tarsi of the front legs are a dark brown or a black colour. In the males, the aedeagus, which is a part of the genitalia that aids in delivering the spermatophore is a smooth scythe shape, while in other species it is shaped otherwise, or spiny (Clausen, 1977). In females, the sixth visible segment of the abdomen, also known as a sternite, is short, broad, and much wider than the second sternite, with the seventh sternite being slightly shorter than the sixth." 3/3/06 9:18 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5831-Habitat 5831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found primarily on sandy or muddy shores, with larvae being aquatic." 3/3/06 9:18 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5831-TrophicStrategy 5831 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "As with other members of Ochthera, O. mantis is carnivorous in nature. The adults feed on other insects, and the aquatic larvae feed on the larvae of other insects, especially chironimids." 3/3/06 9:18 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5834-ConservationStatus 5834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/3/06 13:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5834-Cyclicity 5834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flight period of adults May to November, with peak abundance August/September." 3/3/06 13:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5834-Distribution 5834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found in Western Canada (Alberta and B.C.), and south between California and Texas; Minnesota as well (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 13:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5834-GeneralDescription 5834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Approximately 7 to 12 mm in length, black and yellow abdomen with a yellow face. Identification to species is challenging, and specimens may easily be confused with S. ribesii, S. rectus (although their distributions do not overlap), or S. vitripennis. Cell cua1 is entirely covered with tiny hairs (i.e. trichose, see A on image), and cell bm is narrowly trichose along posterior margin (see B on image), in some but not all specimens. A fairly reliable characteristic is that the yellow bands of tergites 3 and 4 either do not quite reach the lateral margins, or only barely reach then anteriorly (see C on image, and compare to other images of Syrphus spp.). Males: The frons is either entirely yellow, or the upper half of it is dark gray and covered with a waxy, whitish powder (i.e. pruinose), with lower half of frons bright yellow. The hind femur is mostly black, with only the apical one-third to one-fifth black. Females: Similar to male, but with upper one-third of frons being a blackish colour, and the hind femur being totally yellow (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 13:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5834-Habitat 5834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Variable, from alpine areas in B.C. to alfalfa fields in California (Schneider 1969)." 3/3/06 13:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5834-LifeCycle 5834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known, but probably multivoltine, due to its more southerly distribution in North America. Some researchers in Oregon have looked at the potential for using S. opinator as a biocontrol agent for cabbage aphids in broccoli fields (Western Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education 2003). Host choice of the aphidophagous larvae is probably mostly determined by the oviposition behaviour of the females, because the dispersal capabilities of most Syrphus larvae are relatively limited (Sadeghi and Gilbert 2000a,b). Females of a related species (S. corollae) were found to oviposit in response to the sole presence of aphid honeydew (Schneider 1969), although females may use both visual as well as olfactory signals for choosing an oviposition site. Females in this genus tend to choose large or growing colonies of aphids, to ensure a plentiful food source for their offspring (Sadeghi and Gilbert 2000a). Larvae are voracious predators, and can have significant impacts on aphid populations (Western Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education 2003). Parasitoids are unknown, although many parasitoids of other members of the genus Syrphus have been recorded, including (amongst many families) members of the Braconidae, Chalcididae, Proctotrupidae, Encyrtidae, and Ichneumonidae (particularly the subfamily Diplazontinae)(Schneider 1969)." 3/3/06 13:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5834-TrophicStrategy 5834 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are aphidophagous and polyphagous, and feed on a wide range of aphid species, including the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Schneider 1969), the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (Western Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education 2003), and the woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Schneider 1969). Adults feed on the pollen and nectar of flowers." 3/3/06 13:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5835-ConservationStatus 5835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Widespread and common, not of concern." 3/3/06 13:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5835-Cyclicity 5835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight ranges between April and October in Canada. 3/3/06 13:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5835-Distribution 5835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout Canada, and from Alaska down to Mexico and Central America. It is also found in much of Europe, as well as Asia (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 13:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5835-GeneralDescription 5835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Approximately 7 to 16 mm in length, black and yellow body. Eye bare, face yellow. Distinguishing between S. ribesii and S. vitripennis is quite difficult, however S. ribesii has the bm cell entirely covered with tiny hairs (i.e. trichose, see A on image) (Gilbert 1986). All specimens have tergites 3 and 4 with a yellow band rather than spots; these bands are usually complete but slightly divided in the middle in some specimens (see B on image), with this species generally showing a lot of variation in the shape of abdominal bands (Vockeroth 1992). Males: Frons usually completely dark, although it may be yellow on bottom one-fifth on some specimens. Hind femur either yellow or black on basal two-thirds. Females: Similar to males, although mid and hind femora only black right at base, with most specimens having a hind femur that is completely yellow (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 13:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5835-Habitat 5835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Variable; mixed forests, gardens, meadows, and fields (Laska and Stary 1980)." 3/3/06 13:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5835-LifeCycle 5835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Syrphus ribesii is oligovoltine in England, with either two or three generations per year, and overwinters as a cold-tolerant larva (Sadeghi and Gilbert 2000a). However, it has also been reported to migrate in large numbers to the Mediterranean to overwinter (Gilbert 1986). It is a common and voracious predator, and can have a significant effect on the natural regulation of aphid populations. Males can be heard to make an audible noise with their wings as they vibrate them rapidly to warm up their thoracic muscles for flight; this is presumably to maximize the chances of catching a female, as mating occurs mid-flight and lasts as little as two seconds (Gilbert 1986). After pupation, emerged adult females are able to oviposit 7 to 8 days post-eclosion (Sadeghi and Gilbert 2000b). Much work has been done on the oviposition preference of the females of this species, with females showing a strong preference to oviposit near sycamore aphids, rose aphids, and pea aphids when given a choice of eight species (Sadeghi and Gilbert 2000b). Many parasitoids of S. ribesii are also known, including (amongst many families) members of the Braconidae, Chalcididae, Proctotrupidae, Encyrtidae, and Ichneumonidae. In particular, the Ichnuemonid Diplazon laetatorius is a common enemy, and S. ribesii larvae have evolved many defences against them. The remain still when they detect parasitiod antennal tapping, and emit a sticky oral substance if an ovipositor is inserted. Finally, they will assume a crescent shape and roll over if an attack persists (Rotheray 1981)." 3/3/06 13:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5835-TrophicStrategy 5835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are aphidophagous and polyphagous, and feed on a wide range of aphid species. In North America, larvae have been recorded on several species of Aphis and Microsiphum, as well as on Pemphigus populicaulis, Cinara hottesi, C. carolina, and C. lasiocarpa (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 13:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5836-ConservationStatus 5836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Widespread, not of concern." 3/3/06 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5836-Cyclicity 5836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult flight period is quite extensive, occurring from April to November." 3/3/06 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5836-Distribution 5836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Syrphus torvus is widespread throughout Canada, and from Alaska down to California and Mississippi. It is also found in much of Europe (including as far north as Svalbard), as well as Asia, with records from Siberia and Nepal (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5836-GeneralDescription 5836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Approximately 7 to 15 mm in length, black and yellow body, face yellow. Although S. torvus looks superficially very much like both S. ribesii and S. vitripennis (refer to descriptions for these two species), its distinctive characteristic is that both males and females have hairy eyes. The hairs on the male eyes are denser and longer than those on the female eyes, however this characteristic is quite clear for both sexes (under a microscope). As well, the yellow bands of tergites 3 and 4 are complete, and both sexes have a hind femur that is black for approximately the basal three-quarters (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5836-Habitat 5836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreal regions, mixed forest, parks, gardens." 3/3/06 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5836-LifeCycle 5836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Probably multivoltine, with the larva as the overwintering stage. Syrphus torvus is aphidophagous and polyphagous, seeming to prefer shrubs and trees to herbs (Schneider 1969). Sendstad (1976) reported that they seem to prefer the vegetation-rich slopes beneath bird cliffs in Spitsbergen, Svalbard." 3/3/06 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5836-TrophicStrategy 5836 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Syrphus torvus is entirely aphidophagous, and the larvae have been recorded on the aphids Cinara carolina, and on Euceraphus spp. (Vockeroth 1992). Adults feed on pollen and nectar." 3/3/06 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5837-ConservationStatus 5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common, not of concern." 3/3/06 14:09 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5837-Cyclicity 5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight occurs between May and October across Canada. 3/3/06 14:09 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5837-Distribution 5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout Canada, Alaska south to Colorado and Massachusetts, widespread in Europe and Asia (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 14:09 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5837-GeneralDescription 5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Approximately 6 to 14 mm in length, black and yellow body, with eye bare and face yellow. Distinguishing between S. vitripennis and S. ribesii is challenging, however S. ribesii has the bm cell with a small patch devoid of tiny hairs (i.e. not trichose, see A on image) (Gilbert 1986). However, male S. vitripennis are indistinguishable from male S. rectus. Yellow bands on tergites 3 and 4 are complete, curved posteriorly, and cover approximately half of the lateral margins (see B on image). Males: Hind femur is either brown to black, with only the apical one-quarter yellow (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 14:09 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5837-Habitat 5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Highly variable: boreal, mixed, and deciduous forest, parks, orchards, fields, and vineyards." 3/3/06 14:09 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5837-LifeCycle 5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Syrphus vitripennis is probably multivoltine throughout most of its range, overwintering as a larva. However, there have been records of mass migrations over the Alps for this species, although the purpose of these migrations is unclear, since they occur throughout summer and fall (Schneider 1969). Aphidophagous and polyphagous, it is also an important regulator of natural aphid populations through much of its range. It has also been shown to demonstrate anti-parasitoid behaviours similar to those of S. ribesii (Rotheray 1981). Furthermore, under experimental conditions, S. vitripennis females increased the number of eggs they laid with increased densities of aphid colonies, indicating oviposition site selection for a more reliable food source for their offspring (Wnuk and Starmach 1977)." 3/3/06 14:09 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5837-TrophicStrategy 5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae have been reported as feeding on Euceraphis sp. (Vockeroth 1992). 3/3/06 14:09 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5821-Distribution 5821 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "East to Quebec, south to Virginia, north and west to Alaska." 2/14/06 15:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5821-GeneralDescription 5821 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "16-20mm long. Male: Thorax black except for tegula, scutellum, and prepectus. Propodeum with bright yellow patch on dorsal surface. Abdominal segments 2-4 have a yellow/orange band covering the posterior half. Head yellow from mandibles to dorsal ocelli, black otherwise. Antennae usually brown with 36 segments. Pro and metacoxae black, mesocoxae mostly yellow. Metafemurs black, other leg segments mostly orange (including tarsi). Female: See genus page for illustration. Thorax similar to male, abdomen red, legs similar to male." 2/14/06 15:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5821-LifeCycle 5821 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a known host. 2/14/06 15:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31507-ConservationStatus 31507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Dermacentor andersoni is an important pest species as it vectors several disease-causing agents. 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31507-Cyclicity 31507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Most likely to be encountered, when attached to host, from late February to late summer and early fall." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31507-Distribution 31507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Dermacentor andersoni is known to occur from central Saskatchewan to the British Columbia Rocky Mountain range in Canada and in the western United States. In Alberta, D. andersoni is situated more so in the southern part of the province and in the Rocky Mountain region." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31507-GeneralDescription 31507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Dermacentor andersoni are brown ticks with a light silver-gray ornamentation on the dorsal scutum ('shield""), dorsal portions of the legs and on the basis capitulum (""mouthpart""). \nAdult female ticks are 2.8 to 5.4 mm long when unengorged and 13.8 mm to 16.5 mm long when engorged. The dorsal scutum (""shield"") covers the anterior half of the idiosoma (""body""), while the posterior half of the idiosoma is brown coloured. The spiracular plates are oval shaped and have a long and thin dorsal prolongation.\n\nAdult male ticks are from 2.1 mm to 6.1 mm in length. The scutum covers the entire dorsal surface of the idiosoma. The spiracular plate has a more rounded shape, fewer goblets and a shorter dorsal prolongation than female ticks.\n\nThe size and number of goblets on the spiracular plates differentiates the three Dermacentor species in Canada. Dermacentor andersoni have 100- 200 moderately sized goblets, D. albipictus have many large sized goblets, and D. variabilis have more than 300 small goblets. Dermacentor hunteri also has similar-sized and the same number of goblets as D. andersoni. However, D. andersoni is distinguished from D. hunteri by the large and deep punctuations of the scutum. Additionally, D. andersoni has a long and thin dorsal prolongation of their spiracular plates and have a reduced number of goblets near the dorsal prolongation. For both sexes, the goblets of D. andersoni are large in the middle and is surrounded by numerous pore-like structures in the peripheral region." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31507-Habitat 31507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Various habitats where mammalian hosts occur. In Alberta, found in mountane forests and vegetated grasslands." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31507-LifeCycle 31507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Dermacentor andersoni is a three-host tick, where each life stage (larval, nymph, adult) will take a single blood meal from a different mammalian host. The duration of the life cycle varies and is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, nutrient and host availability. These factors will affect timing and duration of mating, ovipositing, egg hatching, moulting and growth. When raised under ideal laboratory conditions, the life cycle is completed in 68 days; it is longer in the field. \nDuring May to June, the eggs are oviposited on moist vegetation after the engorged female tick drops off the host. The female lays approximately 2500-4000 eggs over 10-33 days. Larval ticks, or ""seeds"", hatch in early summer and usually remain quiescent for certain length of time. Larvae begin questing for small mammalian hosts, probably from external stimuli such as carbon dioxide, light, temperature or humidity. The stimuli is most likely sensed by the Haller's organ located on the tarsi of leg I. Larvae cling to a passing host with the first pair of legs, will climb upwards and then attach with their gnathostome to the neck or shoulder region. They feed about 2-6 days. After becoming engorged, larvae drop off the host and moult to nymphs. Nymphs remain dormant for extended periods of time unless stimulated by presence of a host. Questing and feeding behaviour are similar to that of larvae. \nFemales feed continuously throughout their time on the host (5-15 days). Males, on the other hand, feed a shorter period of time and copulate with several, partially fed females that are still on the host. Females drop off the host when fully engorged and seek an area to oviposit. Both sexes die shortly after reproducing.\nSimilar to most ixodid ticks, all stages of D. andersoni can aestivate for extended periods of time during the summer and will overwinter if unsuccessful in attaching to a host. Typically the life cycle is from 1 to 3 years long. D. andersoni is known as a vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii), tularaemia (.Francisella tularensis) and Colorado tick fever (Colorado tick fever virus). The salivary glands secrete a neurotoxin that can cause tick paralysis on the host on which the tick feeds. Humans are normally attacked by the adult life stage, where the ticks will attach and feed on exposed skin areas of the neck and head region. Nymphs and larvae do not feed on humans. The peak abundance of adult ticks occur in late spring (May to June), but is known to be encountered up to the end of summer and early fall." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31507-TrophicStrategy 31507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "All three stages feed on blood of mammalian hosts, however preference of hosts varies between the earlier stages and the adult stage. The adult prefers larger mammals such as humans, dogs, livestock and larger wildlife. Adults will readily feed on humans if encountered. The earlier life stages prefer to attach themselves onto mustelids, hares, rabbits and rodents such as mice, ground squirrels, and voles. Larvae feed for approximately 3 days on a host; nymphs, 6-7 days; and adults, 5-15 days." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4215-ConservationStatus 4215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A widespread species, no obvious concerns." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4215-Cyclicity 4215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak adult emergence is in June (Strickland 1953). 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4215-Distribution 4215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, this species occurs in the boreal region from Edmonton northward, and possibly also further south. This is the northernmost cicada in the world, occurring as far north as the Mackenzie River basin, NWT (Maw et al. 2000). Found from British Columbia east to New Brunswick and Quebec, south to Michigan, New York and Pennsylvania (Maw et al. 2000, Davis 1919)." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4215-GeneralDescription 4215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A moderate-sized, predominantly black cicada with yellowish-tan markings. The combination of both narrow forewings (width:length 0.29 - 0.31) and primarily boreal distribution will segregate the Canadian Cicada from all others except Say's (O. rimosa), which is superficially very similar; to reliably separate specimens of canadensis from rimosa the structure of the tymbal must be examined, which has 10 to 11 ribs in canadensis and 7 to 8 (rarely 9) ribs in rimosa (Alexander et al. 1972). In Michigan, rimosa is marked with a brighter orange compared to the tan markings of canadensis (Alexander et al. 1972), but it is not clear if this trait holds up for Alberta populations since museum amterial is limited. There are likely habitat and song differences as well, but this data is also lacking for Alberta populations." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4215-Habitat 4215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry woodlands and shrubby, south-facing slopes; prefers pine woods." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4215-LifeCycle 4215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "O. canadensis prefers conifer tree habitats such as pine woods in Quebec and Michigan (Davis 1919, Cooley 2001). Adults lay eggs into tree and shrub twigs. Length of immature stage unknown, but probably several years. Males perch in trees (typically one male per tree) to attract mates, with the song consisting of a broad-frequency, slightly metallic buzz (Cooley 2001). A detailed account of mating behaviour in O. canadensis is given by Cooley (2001). A portion of the male song can be heard at: http://insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/fauna/Michigan_Cicadas/Michigan/Index.html" 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4215-TrophicStrategy 4215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Plant fluids. Specific hosts unknown. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4216-ConservationStatus 4216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. The only Canadian records are from Alberta. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4216-Cyclicity 4216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only available Alberta date is for early July (Davis 1927). 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4216-Distribution 4216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from Alberta (Cypress Hills), Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada and Utah (Davis 1927)." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4216-GeneralDescription 4216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Dorsum black with posterior orange borders to the abdominal segments, underside black. One of the smaller species with a wingspan of 46 - 52mm (Davis 1935). Similar to luteobasalis, but the abdominal segments are not posteriorly bordered with orange as in that species, and the eyes are less prominent (Davis 1935)." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4216-Habitat 4216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sagebrush grasslands. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4216-LifeCycle 4216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Apparently associated with sagebrush prairie (Davis 1927). 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4216-TrophicStrategy 4216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Plant fluids. Specific hosts unknown. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4217-ConservationStatus 4217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Status unkown. Known Canadian range restricted to Alberta. 1/21/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4217-Cyclicity 4217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge from June to July (Strickland 1953). 1/21/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4217-Distribution 4217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Davis (1935) cites specimens examined from the Cypress Hills and Medicine Hat, Alberta in the original description. Not known from other Canadian provinces (Maw et al. 2000), but likely also occurs in SK. Ranges south through MT, ID, and UT (Davis 1935)." 1/21/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4217-GeneralDescription 4217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Predominantly black as in other species of the genus, with orange markings dorsally bordering the pro- and mesonotum and the sides of the abdominal segments. Underside black with orange-bordered abdominal segments. Wing veins fuscous, costa black beyond radial cell. Anal membranes orange and fuscous. O. luteobasalis is slightly larger with more prominent eyes (Davis 1935)." 1/21/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4217-Habitat 4217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie grasslands. 1/21/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4217-LifeCycle 4217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/21/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4217-TrophicStrategy 4217 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Plant fluids. Specific hosts unknown. 1/21/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4218-ConservationStatus 4218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Status unknown. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4218-Cyclicity 4218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge in July (Strickland 1953). 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4218-Distribution 4218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Reported from Lethbridge in Alberta, but likely also occurs in the southwestern mountains, as it occurs throughout southern British Columbia. Found south through Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montan, Nevada, Utah and California (Davis 1919, Simons 1954, Strickland 1953)." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4218-GeneralDescription 4218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid- to large-sized Okanagana with a wingspan of about 60mm. Predominantly shiny black with orange segment borders and markings. O. rimosa is similar and sympatric to occidentalis in the western parts of the province, but occidentalis has a broader forewing (width:length ratio of 0.34 - 0.36, 0.29 - 0.31 in rimosa), and is shiny black rather than the dull black of rimosa. Compared to bella, occidentalis has a dense covering of long hairs on the underside of the abdomen, bella has only sparse, short hairs. The ventral plate of the terminal abdominal segment is doubly notched in female occidentalis, singly in bella (Davis 1919)." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4218-Habitat 4218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Likely restricted to montane grasslands in Alberta. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4218-LifeCycle 4218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown, but undoubtedly similar to other members of the genus." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4218-TrophicStrategy 4218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Plant fluids. Specific hosts unknown. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4297-ConservationStatus 4297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rarely collected, but possibly overlooked due to the early date. Listed as threatened in Maine." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4297-Cyclicity 4297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies very early in the spring, peaking in mid April." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4297-Distribution 4297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to central BC, south to Colorado along the Rockies and east to Quebec, Maine, New Hampshire and Pennsylvania (McGuffin 1977, Handfield 1999, Wagner et al. 2001, NatureServe 2003)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4297-GeneralDescription 4297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The light grey translucent wings are transected by two to three black lines (reduced on the hindwing), with rust-coloured scales along the forewing costa and in a faint stripe along the abdomen. The male antennae are prominently pectinate and the body is thickly scaled. Females are wingless. Slightly smaller with a more uniform colour than L. ursaria." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4297-Habitat 4297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forests. 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4297-LifeCycle 4297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This intriguing moth usually flies before the last patches of snow have melted, when the first willows start to bloom (although adults do no feed). Adults are most active during the hour before sunset, possibly in response to the cold nights of early spring. The males very rarely appear at lights, likely because the flight finishes before full darkness sets in. The caterpillar is one of the most ornate of geometrid caterpillars, being grey with fine black and orange markings and a white and orange lateral stripe. The larvae develop slowly, occasionally not pupating until early October (Prentice 1963). The pupa overwinters (Criddle 1919, McGuffin 1977, Handfield 1999, Wagner et al. 2001)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4297-TrophicStrategy 4297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A variety of deciduous shrubs; most larval collections have been from willow, but also from buffalo berry (Shepherdia canadensis), white birch (Betula papyrifera), alder (Alnus sp.) trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), and chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) (Prentice 1963)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4298-ConservationStatus 4298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4298-Cyclicity 4298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "An early spring flier, peaking in late April to late May." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4298-Distribution 4298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada, from northern Alberta south to New Brunswick, Colorado and Washington (McGuffin 1977)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4298-GeneralDescription 4298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "For a geometrid, this species has an unusually stout and hairy body (hence the name), and together with the elongate wing shape, it is more reminiscent of a species of Gluphisia (Notodontidae); however, it lacks the tan scales of Gluphisia. More uniformly grey overall than Biston betularia, with less contrasting transverse black lines. Lycia rachelae is not mottled, and has orange-brown scales along the forewing costa (absent in ursaria). Female fully winged, but apparently collected only rarely." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4298-Habitat 4298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forests and woodlands. 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4298-LifeCycle 4298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are laid in clusters of 150 to 200 in early spring before bud break, and hatch in about three weeks. The purplish-brown larvae are twig mimics, and develop slowly throughout the spring and summer, not pupating until mid July to early August (Prentice 1963, McGuffin 1977, Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light. This is one of the first species to emerge in the spring, along with Feralia, Orthosia and Gluphisia species." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4298-TrophicStrategy 4298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs such as dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), white birch (Betula papyrifera), willows (Salix spp.), alders (Alnus spp.), Vaccinium spp. and Prunus spp. (McGuffin 1977)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4214-ConservationStatus 4214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Status unknown. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4214-Cyclicity 4214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge in July (Strickland 1953). 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4214-Distribution 4214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, recorded from the Jasper and Waterton region (Strickland 1953). Occurs from British Columbia and Alberta south through most western states (Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Utah, Washington, Oregon) to at least New Mexico and California (Davis 1919, Simons 1954)." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4214-GeneralDescription 4214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A moderate-sized species with a wingspan of 58 - 62mm. Forewings broader than in O. rimosa and O. canadensis, with a width:length ratio of 0.34 - 0.36 (0.29 - 0.31 in canadensis and rimosa) (Simons 1954). Red basal forewing membranes and basal half of costa. Pronotum, mesonotum and abdominal segments shining black with narrow orange borders. Underside with more orange than dorsum, legs orange with black at segment joints. Male valve usually black. Most similar to O. occidentalis, but according to Davis (1919) bella has a slight bluish tint to the black body which is absent in occidentalis. The basal forewing cell is clouded or black rather than clear, and the head is narrower and less blunt compared to occidentalis. Male genitalia of bella and occidentalis similar, with broad, sinuate apical border compared to the defined notch of O. luteobasalis. Last ventral abdominal segment of female with one notch in bella and occidentalis, two in occidentalis." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4214-Habitat 4214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane woodlands. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4214-LifeCycle 4214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults lay eggs into the twigs of a number of hosts (Simons 1954). The male song consists of a continuous series of clicks running together (Davis 1921). Length of immature stage unknown, but undoubtedly several years as in other species of the genus." 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4214-TrophicStrategy 4214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Plant fluids. Specific hosts unknown. 1/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5194-ConservationStatus 5194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread and locally common; no concerns. 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5194-Cyclicity 5194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta in late April and May. 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5194-Distribution 5194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New Brunswick west to British Columbia. In Alberta they occur mainly along the southern part of the boreal forest and in the parkland regions, north to the Peace River region and south at least to the Rumsay, Dry Island (Tolman Bridge) Provincial Park and the foothills at Calgary. They are replaced in the grasslands and southern foothills regions by the closely related and very similar S. muricina." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5194-GeneralDescription 5194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The large characteristic pale orbicular and reniform spots, connected at the bottom to form a large shallow V or W will identify specimens of Stretchia. Plusiaeformis is a mostly grey moth, found in drier sites than the other Alberta species, S. muricina. Muricina replaces plusiaeformis in shaded wooded sites in the grasslands region and foothills, and is slightly smaller and darker red-brown. However, the two species are extremely similar in appearance and males in particular may be impossible to identify with certainty. Females are easily separated as the antennae of plusiaeformis females are strongly serrated with the side branches triangular and shorter than the shaft. In muricina, the female antennae are pectinate with the side branches long and narrow." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5194-Habitat 5194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Relatively dry open woodlands or woodland edges, with gooseberry or currents." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5194-LifeCycle 5194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Stretchia are single-brooded, and the adults come to light. They fly in early spring." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5194-TrophicStrategy 5194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are solitary defoliators of gooseberry and currents (Ribes sp.). 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5195-ConservationStatus 5195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon but widespread; no concerns. 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5195-Cyclicity 5195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults in Alberta September - (hibernates) - April. 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5195-Distribution 5195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Uncommon is east central Alberta, west to Redwater. Widespread in eastern North America, but not previously reported from west of Ontario." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5195-GeneralDescription 5195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (4.2-5.0 cm wingspan) long-winged dull grey moth. The black basal dash is short and inconspicuous, and there is light grey shading along the basal part of the costa. The doubled black antemedian line is jagged and linked on the lower half to the black-outlined claviform spot. The pale orbicular spot stands out against the ground, and has a small satellite spot at the lower margin. The hourglass-shaped reniform is outlined in black, filled with pale grey, and there is a series of dark wedges marking the subterminal line. The hindwings are grey-brown. Similar to L. georgii, L. unimoda and L. laticinerea. L. georgii is paler grey with a long thin black basal streak, the cross lines are obscure or obsolete and there is fine dark scaling along the veins giving a faintly streakier appearance. The other two species are darker than georgii, with less prominent cross lines. There are good genital characters, and dissections may be required to separate grotei, laticinerea, and unimoda." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5195-Habitat 5195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest. 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5195-LifeCycle 5195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults emerge in fall, hibernate and appear again in spring. They come to both light and bait. Larvae are solitary defoliators, and when reared in captivity are cannibalistic. (Covell 1984)" 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5195-TrophicStrategy 5195 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere recorded from a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, including birch (Betula) and maple (Acer)(Prentice 1962), oak (Quercus) and red chokecherry (Prunus). Also reported to be a destructive green fruitworm on apple (Malus) in New York (Rings et al)." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 18875-ConservationStatus 18875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 18875-Cyclicity 18875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to July (Chapman & Lienk 1971). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 18875-Distribution 18875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Florida, Texas, and Nevada." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 18875-GeneralDescription 18875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adult is easily recognized by the strongly sinuous margin of the costal margin. The forewing is light to dark purplish brown with darker fine brown to reddish brown thin lines and reticulations. The lines in the basal and median areas are more distinct than the others and sometimes border more darkly shaded areas. The edge of the costa and fringe is typically darker as well as a small thoracic scale tuft. \nThe similar Choristoneura rosaceana has a less sinuous costa, is normally larger and has relatively longer wings with more distinct banding.\nThe late instar larva is pale green with a faint darker green dorsal stripe and sparse long setae throughout. The head is black or brown and the thoracic shield is ringed with black or brown along the posterior and lateral edges that fades to green towards the anterior.\nThe distinctive pupa is whitish green with dark bars on its back (Chapman & Lienk 1971)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 18875-Habitat 18875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found mostly in the Prairies in Alberta, but can be found in many open or shrubby areas." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 18875-LifeCycle 18875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The larva folds the edges of a leaf together to form a shelter (Razowski 1977). The larva probably over winters in the middle instars amongst leaf litter or in a hibernaculum on shrubs (Chapman & Lienk 1977). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 18875-TrophicStrategy 18875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Goldenrod (Solidago sp.), currants (Ribes sp.), Blueberry (Vaccinium sp.), Raspberry (Rubus sp.), Willow (Salix sp.), Cherry (Prunus sp.), Violet (Viola sp.), Strawberry (Fragraria sp.), plus other deciduous trees, shrubs, and forbs (Razowski 1977; Chapman & Lienk 1971)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4267-ConservationStatus 4267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species; no concerns. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4267-Cyclicity 4267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late-June through mid-August. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4267-Distribution 4267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Euxoa furtivus has been collected from central Saskatchewan, west across southern Alberta to southern British Columbia, south to California and north to the Northwest Territories. The exact extent of its range is difficult to determine as it has only recently been re-elevated as a species separate from a complex of other species (the idahoensis group). In Alberta it has been collected mainly in the grasslands and southern montane regions, north to Nordegg." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4267-GeneralDescription 4267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "E. furtivus is a medium-sized moth (approx 3.2-3.5 cm wingspan), similar to E. idahoensis but with lighter brown forewings and with a contrasting pale cubital vein. The costa and the orbicular spot are very light grey, but the reniform is infused with darker grey scales closer to the ground color. There is a black basal streak, and the discal area before the orbicular and between the orbicular and reniform is black. The lower half of the forewing is light brown, usually with a buff or slightly rust tone. The terminal area is dark brown, and is divided by a thin pale subterminal line. Several dark saggitate spots cross the paler subterminal area to the postmedian line. The overall appearance is much paler and streakier than that of idahoensis. The hindwings are light smoky brown with a faint discal mark, and the veins are lightly marked with darker scales. Sexes similar. The paler color and lighter cubital vein will separate most specimens of furtivus from idahoensis and the two similar and closely related but as yet (2002) undescribed species.\nSee also E. clausa, which is slightly paler and has longer antennal pectinations.\n\nEuxoa furtivus belongs to the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. Until very recently (2000), it has been treated as a pale form of idahoensis. The specimens numbered 7 and 8 and identified as idahoensis in Lafontaine 1981, as well as two of the specimens illustrated as idahoensis in Lafontaine, 1987 (Plate 6, #37 and #38) are specimens of furtivus.\n" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4267-Habitat 4267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry woodlands including montane coniferous forest and deciduous groves on the prairies; grasslands. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4267-LifeCycle 4267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4267-TrophicStrategy 4267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4564-ConservationStatus 4564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rarely collected in Alberta, but no obvious reasons for concern." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4564-Cyclicity 4564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in September. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4564-Distribution 4564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Manitoba and central Wisconsin, west to southwest Alberta and California; north to southern Alberta and south to south-central Mexico. In Alberta medialis has been collected in the dry grasslands and badlands north to Tolman Bridge Recreation area and west to the foothills near Cowley." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4564-GeneralDescription 4564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large, robust Euxoa (wingspan approx. 4 cm). Forewing variable, pale grey, yellow-buff or dull pink (all Alberta specimens seen are of the pink form). Markings light to obsolete, and consist of a lightly marked antemdian and postmedian lines in some specimens. The reniform and orbicular mostly obsolete, or lightly marked with pale scales, except for a patch of grey scales marking the lower end of the reniform. Hindwing shining white in males, dusted with grey in females. The pink form of Euxoa siccata is very similar, but has the entire reniform and small orbicular filled with dark scales." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4564-Habitat 4564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands; badlands. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4564-LifeCycle 4564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, which emerges in the fall." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4564-TrophicStrategy 4564 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy unknown 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5947-ConservationStatus 5947 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/4/07 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5947-Cyclicity 5947 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly to and from overwintering locations in the fall and spring. 1/4/07 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5947-Distribution 5947 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Until recently C. carnea was considered a single Holarctic species distributed across North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia (Chapman et al. 2006). Now this species has been split into a complex of cryptic sibling species, and range limits for the individual species are not yet clear (Henry et al. 2002)." 1/4/07 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5947-GeneralDescription 5947 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Newer methods of identification are being examined by Henry et al. (2002) to split the formerly described C. carnea into a series of morphologically similar sister species, based mainly on their vibrational courtship songs. Unfortunately, this is not practical for museum specimens or pictures, so morphological characters are based on Stephens' (1835) original description, still accurate for the current concept of C. carnea (Henry et al. 2002). However, it is important to note that work on the phylogeny of this group is still being done, and this description might change as the species limits are better defined. All species overwinter as adults, and C. carnea change to a dark brownish red colour during winter diapause. The head, thorax and abdomen are all rosy-red or flesh-coloured. The legs and antennae are pale yellow. The wings are short, ovate and iridescent, and the venation and stigma are reddish (Stephens, 1835)." 1/4/07 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5947-Habitat 5947 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Herbaceous vegetation in open fields during summer; urban areas in fall and spring. 1/4/07 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5947-LifeCycle 5947 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The carnea species complex is made up of morphologically similar species that are reproductively isolated by their vibrational songs used in mate selection. They make these songs by vibrating their abdomens, which shakes the substrate they are standing on, and can attract mates within a close range. Males and females of the same species make similar songs, so they can match up their songs before mating. Males and females that make different songs will not match up, which isolates the different species (Henry et al. 2002). Eggs are generally oval in shape, and females lay them solitarily on individual stalks (Canard et al. 1984)." 1/4/07 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5947-TrophicStrategy 5947 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are predaceous, and are used as biological control agents for pest aphid species all through the northern hemisphere (Chapman et al. 2006). Before moving back to fields in the spring after winter diapause, adults first feed on pollen from early flowering trees like Acer spp (Henry et al. 2002)." 1/4/07 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5948-ConservationStatus 5948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/4/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5948-Cyclicity 5948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Appear to be most abundant in late summer (Jubb and Mastellar (1977) as cited in Canard et al. (1984)). 1/4/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5948-Distribution 5948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Nearctic - C. oculata can be found throughout most of North America north of Mexico (Henry 1982). 1/4/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5948-GeneralDescription 5948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Chrysopa oculata can be distinguished from other species by the following combination of characters: the frons has a darkly coloured ring around the lower or lateral margin of the base of the antenna; the antennal bases are not separated by an x-shaped mark as they are in C. chi; on the antennae, the pedicel is dark and the basal third of the flagellum is pale; there are small spots on the pronotum; the lateral groove of the vertex near the eye margin is completely pale.\nHead - Scape unmarked. Antennae pale, darken distally. Maxillary and labial palps dark. Clypeus marks not extensive. Frons broad with black-brown band anteriorly and around antennae. Genae black from eye to base of mandibles. Two pair dorsolateral spots on vertex. Red-brown marks near dorsal rim of antennal sockets. \nThorax - Faint dots dorsolaterally. Setae mix of dark and light. Forewing crossveins dark at ends. Hindwing crossveins all dark. Setae on legs dark.\nAbdomen - Setae amber-brown." 1/4/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5948-Habitat 5948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This species occurs in meadows with low vegetation, trees and field crops." 1/4/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5948-LifeCycle 5948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Chrysopa oculata is part of the oculata group, which all produce strong-smelling, offensive secretions (Henry 1982). Eggs are typically oval-shaped, and are borne at the top of a long stalk that is stuck to a substrate (Canard et al. 1984). Larvae generally overwinter in cocoons as diapausing third instars (Penny et al. 2000). They have been known to have up to three generations per summer (Henry 1982). Like other chrysopids, they produce courtship songs by bursts of abdominal vibrations; these songs are most likely related to species isolation (Henry 1982)." 1/4/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5948-TrophicStrategy 5948 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults and larvae are important predators of aphids, mites and soft-bodied arthropods in field and fruit crops in North America (McEwan et al. (2001), as cited in James (2006))." 1/4/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4700-ConservationStatus 4700 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4700-Cyclicity 4700 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults appear early in May and remain on wing until August (Prentice 1965: : 792; Dyar, 1904: 933)." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4700-Distribution 4700 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In United States, it is recorded from Michigan (Nielsen 1998: 7) and Seattle, Washington (Busck, 1907: 13). In Canada, there are widely scattered collection records from British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario (Forbes 1923: 346; Prentice 1965: 791). In Alberta, it has been collected from Edmonton, Red Deer, Kananaskis Forest Environment Station, northwest Whitecourt, Carvel, Robb, Watt Mountain, Hinton, Hillcrest and Lac La Biche." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4700-GeneralDescription 4700 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan 11-14 mm. Head golden white, frons shining brassy white; antenna distinctly annulated with dark brown and whitish, scape pale ochreous; labial palpus golden white. Thorax golden-white, tegulae golden. Forewings with Veins R4 and R5 separate; apical markings coarse; Forewings white suffused with pale golden; a square golden spot on dorsum connected to base by a broad streak astride fold, sometimes extended with irroration beyond spot in middle of wing; a broader gold mark on dorsum at halfway extended obliquely across half to three-quarters of wing; a gold spot at tornus, sometimes extended by irroration into apical area; cilia generally concolorous with adjacent part of wing. Hind wing grey, darker towards apex. Legs brassy white; forewing brown above. Abdomen grey (Emmet et al 1996: 80-81; Busck, 1907: 13; Forbes 1923: 386). Busck (1907: 13) points out that ""Specimens from B.C. and Seattle do not differ from European Series"", and Forbes (1923: 346) indicates ""If the American form is distinct, its name will be chalcochrysa Meyrick"".\n\nIn Alberta, A. pygmaeella can be easily distinguished from other Argyresthia by its forewing color and pattern. Closely similar to this species is A. conjugella which does not have the golden color on forewings.\n" 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4700-Habitat 4700 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Chiefly montane, but also boreal and prairie habitats where Salix is common." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4700-LifeCycle 4700 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The fully fed larva is 11 mm long; with a dark brown or black head and prothoracic and anal plates and a green body. It overwinters until April in a leaf-bud, then mines into the core of a young shoot, causing the shoot to droop. The pupa is formed in the feeding cite or on the ground during May and June. Adults appear as early as May but are common in June, and last until August. They often come to light (Emmet et al 1996: 81)." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4700-TrophicStrategy 4700 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feed on willows, Salix spp. (Prentice, 1965: 792), and is a solitary leaf miner." 6/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4272-ConservationStatus 4272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species; no concerns. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4272-Cyclicity 4272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in Alberta mid-June to September, with the main flight in July." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4272-Distribution 4272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Labrador to British Columbia and Yukon, south in the mountains to Oregon and Colorado. In Alberta is has been collected in the foothills and sparingly in the boreal forest region, to the Lake Athabasca area." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4272-GeneralDescription 4272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.2-3.6 cm wingspan) grey or (rarely) dull red moth. \nFrontal tubercle absent. Male antennae biserrate, with antennae about twice the width of the shaft. Forewings grey or grey-brown, rarely dull pink or red. Maculation poorly defined. Basal and antemedian lines incomplete, single, darker grey. Postmedian line complete, thin, dark grey and toothed at the veins, with each tooth usually tipped with a dark dot. Subterminal line faint to prominent, often outlined with pale yellow scales distally. Orbicular and claviform obsolete, reniform kidney-shaped with the lower half prominent and filled with dark scales. Fringe light grey-brown. Hindwings smoky grey with a dark discal bar and a pale fringe. Sexes similar except antennae. Most like the closely related E. scandens, which replaces it at lower elevations and latitudes. The saccular extensions in the genitalia of male quebecensis are longer (.7-.9 times the length of the right harp) compared to those of scandens (.3-.6 times the length of the right harp), and the hindwings are darker than those of scandens. The dark wings and prominent dark spot in the reniform will usually identify quebecensis.\n\nEuxoa quebecensis belongs to the subgenus Pleonectopoda, characterized by the prominent twist or subbasal coil in the vesica of the male. There are no characters that can be used to identify females as members of the subgenus. Keys to the subgenus and species are presented in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4272-Habitat 4272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open montane and boreal coniferous forest, associated with light or sandy soils." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4272-LifeCycle 4272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single brood each year. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4272-TrophicStrategy 4272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Probably like other members of the genus a general feeder on low broad-leaved plants . 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4273-ConservationStatus 4273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread and occasional pest species; no concerns." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4273-Cyclicity 4273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta June to late August; main flight in the latter half of July. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4273-Distribution 4273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland south to Massachusettes west to Alberta, north to the Northwest Territories and south to central Montans and central Utah. In Alberta, they have been recorded from the foothills (Nordegg) and from the southern edge of the boreal forest (Opal and Redwater) south." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4273-GeneralDescription 4273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.2-3.6 cm wingspan) light grey or grey-brown (rearely pink) moth with white hindwings. Markings on the forewing obsolete or nearly so, except for the orbicular spot, which is frequently outlined in part at least with dark scales, and the renifom, which is filled with dark scales in the lower half. The postmedian line is usually indicated by a series of small dark dots, and the terminal area, including the fringe, is darker than the remainder of the wing. The hindwings are shining white, with some light brown shading forming a narrow terminal band. There is some brown scaling along the veins, including the discal bar. Closely related to E. quebecensis, which has dark hindwings and longer saccular extensions (.7-.9x length of harps, vs .3-.6x in scandens). Superficially similar to both Agrotis vetusta and Platyperigea montana, which have very different types of genitalia.\n\nEuxoa scandens belongs to the subgenus Pleonectopoda, characterized by the prominent twist or subbasal coil in the vesica of the male. There are no characters that can be used to identify females as members of the subgenus. Keys to the subgenus and species are presented in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4273-Habitat 4273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry sandy areas; including dunes and beaches. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4273-LifeCycle 4273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle There is a single brood each year. The larvae (white cutworms) are climbing cutworms. The adults come to light.\n 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4273-TrophicStrategy 4273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Sweet clover (Meliotus sp.), various vegetable crops and the leaves of young trees. (Lafontaine, 1987)" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4565-ConservationStatus 4565 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Fairly common but local; no reasons for concern. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4565-Cyclicity 4565 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta late July through September. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4565-Distribution 4565 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern Great Plains north to central Saskatchewan and Alberta, south at least to Montana." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4565-GeneralDescription 4565 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0 - 3.2 cm wingspan) grey moth with paler grey and black markings. The forewing has a prominent long narrow black basal dash that meets the pale, elongate claviform, the later faintly outlined in black. The pale orbicular and reniform are combined into a long, narrow wedge, also outlined in black. The normal cross lines are reduced to a series of dark spots on the costa. The veins on the outer half of the wing are finely marked in black scales. The subterminal line is indicated by a series of pale streaks, and the fringe is checkered grey and white. The hindwings are dirty white on the basal half, darkening to form a wide grey terminal band. There is also a small, grey discal bar. The hindwing fringe is grey on the basal half then white. Antennae are simple, and the sexes are similar. Most likely to be confused with O. riparia.\n\n" 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4565-Habitat 4565 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry grasslands; badlands. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4565-LifeCycle 4565 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are mainly nocturnal and come to light, but have also been observed nectaring during the day in late summer (pers. obs.). There is a single annual brood, which flies in late summer." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4565-TrophicStrategy 4565 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy unknown. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4566-ConservationStatus 4566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4566-Cyclicity 4566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early June to mid August. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4566-Distribution 4566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "NS and NJ west across southern Canada to southern Vancouver Island, south to CA. Found throughout most of the wooded parts of Alberta, from the north side of Lake Athabasca to the Milk River." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4566-GeneralDescription 4566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5 cm wingspan) somewhat long-winged moth, with glistening sooty or brownish black forewings and white hindwings, the later darkening gradually on the outer third. Markings on the forewings confined to a small black point marking the orbicular and reniform spots, the latter partially outlined with light scales. P. mendosa is similar in appearance, but the forewings are paler silky grey-brown instead of black. Mendosa also has a paler head, which contrasts with the abdomen, and usually also has a prominent discal mark on the dorsal hindwing. Male miranda also lack the massive hair brush of long, soft hairs at the tip of the abdomen found in males of mendosa. Western populations of miranda, including those of Alberta, have been named ssp. nitens, which is described as larger and darker than nominate eastern miranda. Until recently, miranda was placed in the genus Athetis." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4566-Habitat 4566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded areas; meadows. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4566-LifeCycle 4566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. August records in Alberta may indicate a second brood. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4566-TrophicStrategy 4566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported larval hosts include dandelion (Taraxacum), cantaloupe, Sugar beet, strawberry (Fragaria), and sweet potato. Larvae have also been found under matted alfalfa (Medicago) (Covell, 1984; Rings et al, 1992)." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5689-GeneralDescription 5689 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Royal Alberta Museum page" 7/14/05 9:15 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5949-ConservationStatus 5949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/4/07 13:24 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5949-Cyclicity 5949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "An ""early"" species, with adult flights probably in April or May (Henry 1982)." 1/4/07 13:24 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5949-Distribution 5949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nearctic - large, northerly range in the United States, Canada and Alaska (Henry 1982)." 1/4/07 13:24 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5949-GeneralDescription 5949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The main characters that identify C. chi are the frons with a dark coloured ring around the base of the antennae, which is the same as C. oculata, and the presence of an x-shaped mark between the antennal bases, which separates C. chi from all other species.\nHead- The scape is unmarked and the antennae are pale in color. Both the maxillary and labial palps are blackish-brown, however the cardo is unmarked. Labrum is unmarked. Clypeus is broad with black latitudinal patches. Frons black with interantennal markings that are continuous beneath the antennal sockets. Genae have broad black longitudinal bands anteriorly, not reaching eye margins.\nThorax - Pronotum with three pairs of dorsolateral black patches. Setae (bristles) dark mixed with pale. Alinotum with black spots. Forewing crossveins dark at ends and gradates black. Legs unmarked with black setae. Claws excised. Venter black on membrane and intersternites.\nAbdomen - Setae amber, but darker on venter." 1/4/07 13:24 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5949-Habitat 5949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Taller shrubs and overgrown fields. 1/4/07 13:24 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5949-LifeCycle 5949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Not much is known about the life history of C. chi. They belong to the oculata group, and so, like C. oculata, adults produce foul-smelling secretions (Henry 1982). Adults, especially males, produce courtship songs by vibrating their abdomens, which may be important in species isolation (Henry 1982). Lacewing eggs are usually oval-shaped, and are perched on the end of a long stalk that is stuck into a substrate (Canard et al. 1984). Larvae generally overwinter in cocoons as diapausing third instars (Penny et al. 2000)." 1/4/07 13:24 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5949-TrophicStrategy 5949 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Adults and larvae are predaceous on soft-bodied arthropods (Penny et al. 2000). 1/4/07 13:24 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22509-ConservationStatus 22509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Probably of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22509-Cyclicity 22509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to mid July. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22509-Distribution 22509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Throughout Canada as far north as Alaska and as far south as the border states (Obraztsov 1959). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22509-GeneralDescription 22509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The forewing is light brown with fine darker brown reticulations throughout. Occasionally there is some faint darker brown shading between reticulations in the median and postmedian areas most noticeable along the costa. The male lacks a costal fold. The hindwing is dull greyish-brown and slightly darker towards the anal angle. \nThe larva is light green with a dark green dorsal stripe and has scattered fine white setae with pale bases. There are fine black markings on the green prothoracic shield and less so on the yellow head capsule (MacKay 1962; Chapman & Lienk 1971). It is very similar to A. koebelei and they can be separated by characters of the male genitalia (Obraztsov 1959). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22509-Habitat 22509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A wide variety of habitats. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22509-LifeCycle 22509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Eggs are laid in elongate bunches and the third instar larva overwinters in a folded leaf (Chapman & Lienk 1971). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22509-TrophicStrategy 22509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Primarily herbaceous plants, but the larva frequently migrates to deciduous and coniferous woody plants (Chapman & Lienk 1971)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4605-ConservationStatus 4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Further habitat and distribution data are required before status can be assessed. 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4605-Cyclicity 4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Apparently double brooded in Alberta, with peak flights in late May and early June, and again in late July to early September." 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4605-Distribution 4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southernmost BC and Alberta south to California (McGuffin 1972). In Alberta it occurs in the grasslands region, north to Tolman Bridge on the Red Deer River." 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4605-GeneralDescription 4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is uniform brown-grey in colour with faint costal wedges and transverse lines; although the dark markings vary somewhat, this is one of the most nondescript species in the genus. Genitalic disection may be required to confirm identification (see McGuffin, 1972)." 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4605-Habitat 4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occurs in prairie badlands. 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4605-LifeCycle 4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. It appears to be double-brooded. Adults are attracted to light. 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4605-TrophicStrategy 4605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on Lotus crassifolius (Scoble 1999), which does not occur in Canada. Presumably other legumes are used in Alberta." 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4606-ConservationStatus 4606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No reasons for concern. 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4606-Cyclicity 4606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity On the wing from June to August (McGuffin 1972). 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4606-Distribution 4606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta and BC, south to NV and CO. In Alberta found north to Hanna." 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4606-GeneralDescription 4606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized, light grey geometrid with bold AM and PM lines on the forewing (remnants of these at the hindwing anal angle), and checkered wing fringes. Median band fainter, black discal spots prominent. Very similar to D. setonata, and can be reliably distinguished only by dissection (see McGuffin 1972). Habitat should separate the two most of the time in Alberta, with setonata only in the Crowsnest Pass region, and curvata in the southern prairies." 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4606-Habitat 4606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands and badlands with rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus). 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4606-LifeCycle 4606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. McGuffin (1972) describes the immatures in detail. Adults come to light. 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4606-TrophicStrategy 4606 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus) (McGuffin 1972). 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4244-ConservationStatus 4244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon but widespread; no concerns. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4244-Cyclicity 4244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in July. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4244-Distribution 4244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Labrador west to eastern Alberta, south to Michigan and central Alberta In Alberta, found throughout much of the boreal forest along the eastern side of the province, from Redwater north to Lake Athabasca." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4244-GeneralDescription 4244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.7-3.1 cm wingspan) dark grey-brown moth. Head paler than thorax, and a darker black-brown prothoracic collar. Basal, antemedian and postmedian lines incomplete. Reniform and orbicular usually filled with pale grey scales, with a black basal dash and black scales before the orbicular and filling the space between the orbicular and reniform. Claviform a small black wedge or reduced to a few black scales, the area beyond often with lighter red-brown scaling. Subterminal line finely marked by light grey scales or obsolete. Terminal and subterminal areas brown, fringe concolorous or slightly paler brown. Hindwings lighter grey-brown, paler toward the base; fringe paler grey-brown. \nVery similar and closely related to Euxoa divergens, which is larger, browner and has pale scaling along the cubital veins. Sinelinea is also a member of the subgenus Longivesica, characterized by the very long vesica in males and long appendix bursae in females. The male valve is narrower subapically in sinelinea, and the appendix bursa in females is shorter in comparison to divergens.\n" 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4244-Habitat 4244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open boreal woodland on sand. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4244-LifeCycle 4244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single brood each year, and adults come to both light and sugar baits." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4244-TrophicStrategy 4244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Probably a variety of low plants as in other members of the genus. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4246-ConservationStatus 4246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Apparently rare in Alberta (one record), which is at the extreme northeastern edge of the range." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4246-Cyclicity 4246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The only Alberta specimen was collected June 18, earlier than most Euxoa." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4246-Distribution 4246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Euxoa silens is a western species most abundant in the deserts of the intermountain area from southern BC south to southern California and central Arizona, west to western Colorado and southwestern Montana. The single Alberta collection is from Lethbridge." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4246-GeneralDescription 4246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large Euxoa (3.7-4.1 cm wingspan). Forewings variable, in both a strongly contrasting pattern or a very plain one. Ground a light blue-grey, with the costa in particular usually pale and contrasting with the rest of the forewing. A black basal streak runs into a broader dark median streak below the costa, and encompassing the small oval grey orbicular and larger kidney-shaped reniform spots. Terminal area and fringe darker grey brown. Hindwing of males white shaded with dark scales along the outer margin, female sooty brown, shading darker on the outer half. In plain specimens, the forewings lack the dark streaks and contrasting dark shading except in the terminal area of the forewing. Lafontaine (1987) provides illustrations of both forms, illustrations of the genitalia and a key." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4246-Habitat 4246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry grasslands. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4246-LifeCycle 4246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very little is known. There is a single annual brood. Adults are attracted to light. The immature stages are unknown. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4246-TrophicStrategy 4246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like most Euxoa species, the larvae are likely generalists on a variety of herbs." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4203-ConservationStatus 4203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4203-Cyclicity 4203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in spring, peaking in early to mid June." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4203-Distribution 4203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Northeastern BC east to Newfoundland (McGuffin 1977). 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4203-GeneralDescription 4203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewing white heavily stippled with brown, broad brown AM, PM and terminal bands; hindwing ochre-brown with dark brown mottling and PM band. Discal spots relatively large and conspicuous. Female slightly smaller and paler overall. Very similar to E. discospilata, but males are larger and darker. Genitalic dissection is required to confirm identification (see McGuffin 1977). Treated as a subspecies of E. notataria in some older works." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4203-Habitat 4203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occurs in lodgepole and jack pine forest. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4203-LifeCycle 4203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal but are also attracted to lights at night. The larva is green and slender with a pale lateral line, mimicking pine needles. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2001). McGuffin (1977) gives a detailed description of the immature stages." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4203-TrophicStrategy 4203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on various species of pine, including Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contortus) and Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) (Prentice 1963, as E. notataria)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5438-ConservationStatus 5438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, a pest of ornamental and horticulture stock throughout its range." 6/6/05 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5438-Cyclicity 5438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Canada adults emerge and fly in mid-June to late July, elsewhere as early as mid-May." 6/6/05 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5438-Distribution 5438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "European native, introduced to; North America, Eurasia, Africa, Argentina, Chile, Uraguay, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, China." 6/6/05 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5438-GeneralDescription 5438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: Black sawflies approx. 5.0 mm long. Front and middle tibia brownish. Antenna segment 3 shorter in length than segment 4 + 5. All sawflies of this group posses an ovipositor modified to be used as a saw to facilitate the deposition of eggs under the surface of leaves. Lancet (saw portion of ovipositor) with 17 serrulae (teeth), each long and pointed at apex. \n\nLarvae: Small, black and slug-like in appearance, approx. 1.0 mm long at hatch, 11.0 mm long at pupation. Feed on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves. 6 or 7 instars. Dark brown or black head capsule in later instars. Covered with black slime.\nPupae: Forms underground within a cocoon constructed of silk and soil. \n\nAdapted from descriptions in Smith 1971 and Goulet 1992." 6/6/05 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5438-Habitat 5438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Unknown for adults, larva found on ornamental and horticulture species of the Rosaceae." 6/6/05 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5438-LifeCycle 5438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Caliroa cerasi overwinters as a pupae, upon emergence females fly to hosts and deposit eggs under the leaf surface. Using the sawlike ovipositor females insert eggs into the leaf from below near the mid-rib or a main vein. After hatching larvae feed on the upper and lower surface of leaves. Larvae are external feeders and skeletonize the host, leaving the vascular structures of leaves intact during feeding. Larval development takes approximately three weeks after which the final instar larvae drop to the ground where they overwinter in the soil. In Canada only one generation per year is produced but in other areas two generations may occur, the second generation emerging a few weeks after the first has finished feeding. Adults can be distinguished from other members of the genus by black slime encapsulating the later larval instars and the all-black legs, other species of Caliroa have some white on the legs. The species is parthenogenic in North America, males are rare in Europe. Caliroa cerasi is likely European in origin and introduced to Canada and elsewhere by commerce. In horticulture stock damage caused to trees by larval feeding can reduce fruit yield and even kill young trees. In ornamental stock damage is considered aesthetically displeasing." 6/6/05 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5438-TrophicStrategy 5438 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are cosmopolitan feeders on hosts in the Rosaceae; especially Pyrus (Pear) and Prunus (Cherry); also Cotoneaster, Crataegus (Hawthorn), Chaenomeles and Cydonia, may also feed on Sorbus (Mountain Ash). In North America also recorded from the Aceracea on Acer (Maple) and the Rhamnaceae on Ceanothus." 6/6/05 15:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5815-Distribution 5815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Only recent record from central Alberta, location of holotype (original specimen) unknown." 2/14/06 14:50 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5815-GeneralDescription 5815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male: 12-15 mm from head to posterior tip of abdomen. Thorax entirely black except for scutellum (which is red). Abdomen red-orange with black band on anterior portion of segments 3-5, first two abdominal segments all black. Head all black, except mandibles which can be brownish. Antennae with 35-40 segments, black with white band covering middle portion. Coxae, trochanters, and femurs all black, rest of legs red-orange. Hind tibiae can be black on distal third. No female specimen available for study." 2/14/06 14:50 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5815-LifeCycle 5815 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown, host probably a Lepidopteran of the family Noctuidae or Arctiidae." 2/14/06 14:50 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5816-ConservationStatus 5816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common in the northern states and southern Canada. 2/14/06 14:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5816-Distribution 5816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Quebec west to B.C., south to Montana and Colorado, North to the southern portion of the North-West Territories." 2/14/06 14:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5816-GeneralDescription 5816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male: 20-23 mm from head to posterior tip of abdomen. Thorax black all over, except for tegula, scutellum, and prepectus (which are orange). Abdomen, antennae and tarsi burnt orange in colour. Head mostly black; frons, clypeus, and mouthparts yellow to orange. Antennae 45-50 segments long, brown at base, orange at tips. Coxae, femurs, and distal portion of tibiae black, trochanters and proximal portion of tibiae orange. No female specimen available for study." 2/14/06 14:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5816-LifeCycle 5816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Known hosts include Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck), Sthenopis spp., Cossus spp." 2/14/06 14:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5817-Distribution 5817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "East to New York, south to Nebraska, north to central Alberta." 2/14/06 14:57 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5817-GeneralDescription 5817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male: 15-20 mm from head to last abdominal segment. Thorax black except for yellow/orange scutellum, tegula, and prepectus. Abdomen with black and yellow/orange on segments 2-5, posterior segments black. Head black with yellow/orange frons, clypeus, and mouthparts. Antennae with approximately 30 segments, mostly dark brown, lightening towards tip. Coxae all black, femur black on top only to entirely black. Tibiae and tarsi yellow/orange on pro and mesolegs, metalegs with dark brown to black tarsi and tibia dark towards proximal portion. Female: 15-20m from head to posterior tip of abdomen. Thorax similar to male, abdomen and scutellum red. Legs similar to male (except for single tibial spur on each proleg)." 2/14/06 14:57 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5817-LifeCycle 5817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Little currently known, host is likely a Lepidopteran of the family Noctuidae or Arctiidae." 2/14/06 14:57 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5818-ConservationStatus 5818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common in the great lakes region and New England states. 2/14/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5818-Distribution 5818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland south to New York, west and north to central Alberta." 2/14/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5818-GeneralDescription 5818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male: Thorax black except for scutellum, tegula, and prepectus. 3rd and 4th abdominal segments reddish-orange (darker on top), rest of abdomen black. Head black except for frons, clypeus, and mouthparts. Antennae with appriximately 35 segments, reddish in colour. Pro and metacoxae all black, mesocoxae with black and yellow. Tarsi orange, tibiae orange except for black ends on meta-tibiae. No female specimen available for study." 2/14/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5818-LifeCycle 5818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Host not currently known, but likely Lepidopteran of the family Noctuidae or Arctiidae." 2/14/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5820-ConservationStatus 5820 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common near the East slopes of the Rocky Mountains. 2/14/06 15:03 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5820-Distribution 5820 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Colorado north to central Alberta 2/14/06 15:03 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5820-GeneralDescription 5820 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male: 14-17mm from head to posterior tip of abdomen. Less black on thorax than others of this genus. Substantial orange colour present on notum, scutum, tegula, pleurons, scutellum, and propodeum. Abdomen orange with black dorsal patches on abdominal segments 2-6. Head orange. Antennae brown, usually 36 segments. Coxae black and orange, remainder of legs orange (including tarsi). Female: Black on thorax, except for tegula and sctutellum (which are orange). Abdomen mostly red, darker on top. Head black except for brown mouthparts. Coxae, femurs and trochanters black, tibia and tarsi dark red, but hind tibia can have black as well." 2/14/06 15:03 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5820-LifeCycle 5820 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Host species unknown, but likely in family Noctuidae or Arctiidae of Lepidoptera." 2/14/06 15:03 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5941-ConservationStatus 5941 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No specific information could be found. It can be assumed that as parasitoids, the success of the species is dependent on the success of the host or hosts." 1/3/07 15:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5941-Cyclicity 5941 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in early-to-mid May. 1/3/07 15:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5941-Distribution 5941 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Nearctic (Hall & Evenhuis 1980). 1/3/07 15:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5941-GeneralDescription 5941 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "4-6 mm long, 12-14 mm wingspan. Wings have brown tint and faint darker mottling throughout. Hair with blonde tint.\nCharacteristics shared with other Bombylius species include a slender first antennal segment, long scattered bristly hairs, holoptic males, conspicuously bristled hind femora, and a distinct intercalary vein (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5941-Habitat 5941 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid regions with loose soil of the type frequented by ground-nesting bees. 1/3/07 15:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5941-LifeCycle 5941 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little species-specific information available. The general bombyliid life cycle is described in Marshall (2006). Females coat eggs with a sticky substance in order to gather a protective layer of soil when they are dropped into burrows of potential hosts. First instar larvae actively penetrate host nests, then molt into sedentary ectoparasitoids, a phenomenon known as hypermetamorphosis. Pupae are equipped with rigid ornamentation to assist escape from the burrow. Adults resemble bees as a deterrent against predators, and imitate them behaviourally and functionally by feeding on nectar and spreading pollen." 1/3/07 15:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5941-TrophicStrategy 5941 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae parasitoids of ground-nesting bees, adults feed on nectar (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3515-ConservationStatus 3515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Is considered a pest as it can be quite destructive to oat and wheat crops (Ananthakrishnan 1984). 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3515-Cyclicity 3515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults collected in June, July, and August." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3515-Distribution 3515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Generally found in temperate regions of the world (Mound and Kibby, 1998), including Quebec, Ontario, Alberta & B.C. in Canada (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3515-GeneralDescription 3515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body is around 1.5mm in length, not heavily reticulated, and yellowish. Antennae have 9 segments, though the suture between segments 6 and 7 is not complete. Antennal segments 3 and 4 have forked sense cones (Stannard, 1968). Pronotum lacks conspicuous setae. Macropterous forms are most common, but brachypterous and apterous forms may also occur (Bailey, 1957). Forewings are grayish yellow (Stannard, 1968). \n" 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3515-Habitat 3515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Various grasses and cereals, Poa sp., Calamagrostis canadensis, Bromus sp." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3515-LifeCycle 3515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females of A. obscurus hibernate in the shoot sheaths of grasses over the winter. There is both a macropterous, and brachypterous form for females of this species (Ananthakrishnan, 1984). Males are unknown in North America (Heming).\n" 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3515-TrophicStrategy 3515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feeds on grasses, or the heads of grasses (Stannard, 1968)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3519-ConservationStatus 3519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species is one of two in the genus, and occurs only in North America (Mound and Kibby,1998)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3519-Cyclicity 3519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June through September. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3519-Distribution 3519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic (Mound and Marullo, 1996)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3519-GeneralDescription 3519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is usually dark brown in colour (Mound and Kibby, 1998), though there is a yellow form in which the thorax, abdominal segment 1, and the legs are yellow (Heming). This species is wingless, with 8-segmented antennae. It is differentiated from the one other species in this genus by the 7-lobed sternal craspedum (Mound and Kibby, 1998). \n" 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3519-Habitat 3519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ledum, spruce, Salix, sedges, Eleaguus, on flowers, in meadows (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3519-LifeCycle 3519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3519-TrophicStrategy 3519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/18/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4445-ConservationStatus 4445 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status In Alberta known only from the Milk River drainage. 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4445-Cyclicity 4445 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta during the last half of June 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4445-Distribution 4445 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "North to southern Saskatchewan, Alberta and BC., south to at least CO, UT and California. In Alberta known only from the Milk River drainage." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4445-GeneralDescription 4445 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.5 cm wingspan) moth with dull red-brown forewings and dirty white to light brown hindwings. The median areas and terminal area of the forewings are suffused with darker grey scales, especially along the veins, and this in combination with the absence of the normal lines creates a streaky appearance. The orbicular is indicated with a few white scales, and the reniform is slightly better marked as a thin incomplete vertical ""bar"" of white scales. The wing fringe is mostly black with a few white scales at each vein. The hindwings are dirty white in males and more or less suffused with light brown in females, with a thin dark terminal line and white fringe. Antennae of both sexes simple. The related C. videns is lighter brown, lacks the dark median streaking and thus looks much ""cleaner"". See also the smaller Xylomoia didonea." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4445-Habitat 4445 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open areas; sage-grasslands 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4445-LifeCycle 4445 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5112-ConservationStatus 5112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare and local in extreme southwestern Alberta. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5112-Cyclicity 5112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in early August. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5112-Distribution 5112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species; Vancouver Island south southern Utah and northern New Mexico, east to central Colorado, Wyoming and the Cypress Hills area of southwestern Saskatchewan. In Alberta it has been collected once or twice only in Crowsnest Pass region." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5112-GeneralDescription 5112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-3.6 cm wingspan) dull grey-brown or reddish-brown moth with few markings. They have a narrow, black prothoracic collar. The forewings are light grey, heavily dusted with dark blackish-brown or red-brown scales, heaviest along the leading half of the wing and giving it a blurred appearance. The antemedian and postmedian lines are visible but poorly defined, as is a blotch-like reniform spot. There is also a narrow dark band on the terminal area. The hindwings are dirty pearl white, slightly dusted with dark scales toward the margin and along the veins, and with a dark discal spot. Females slightly darker. Male antennae biserrate and bifasiculate." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5112-Habitat 5112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open montane conifer forest. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5112-LifeCycle 5112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light, and there is a single annual brood." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5112-TrophicStrategy 5112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae have been reared on clover, plantain and Hypochaeris radicata (L.), but the larval pattern suggests it is naturally a grass feeder (Lafontaine, 2004)." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5413-ConservationStatus 5413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No data for Alberta. 5/30/05 8:04 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5413-Cyclicity 5413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Unknown for Canada, assumed to be active all summer, moths emerge in mid summer and go through an aestivation to become active in the fall. Adults overwinter and mate in the early spring." 5/30/05 8:04 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5413-Distribution 5413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Not well documented, specimens found in northern Alberta and the foothills. Common in Europe and eastern North America (Forbes, 1923)." 5/30/05 8:04 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5413-GeneralDescription 5413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small moth (14mm wingspan) with dark brown background on wings and body. Flecks on wings are black and white, large white triangle on leading edge of forewing. Hindwings have dark brown fringes. Face is paler than body (Forbes, 1923). Antennae are filiform and as long as body. The abdomen on the pupa is covered with spines. Spines are concentrated at segment 8 (Patocka and Zach, 1995)." 5/30/05 8:04 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5413-Habitat 5413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Edges of forests, clearings and along rivers or lakes (Patocka and Zach, 1995)." 5/30/05 8:04 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5413-LifeCycle 5413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Leaf miner of deciduous trees common in aspen stands. First instars make a shallow, silvery mine. At least two cones are constructed before pupation, usually on the underside of leaf (Patocka and Zach, 1995). Cocoon is made on the underside of a leaf and emerge in July (Forbes, 1923). Two generations within one year, overwinter as an adult (Patocka and Zach, 1995). Adults emerge in early spring to mate." 5/30/05 8:04 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5413-TrophicStrategy 5413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Populus spp., Salix spp., and Myrica gale (Patocka and Zach, 1995). Alberta specimens found on willow." 5/30/05 8:04 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5414-ConservationStatus 5414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No data for Alberta. 5/30/05 8:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5414-Cyclicity 5414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Emerge as adults in July and August from eggs, overwinter from October to April." 5/30/05 8:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5414-Distribution 5414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs throughout western North America, many specimens found in central Alberta." 5/30/05 8:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5414-GeneralDescription 5414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small moth (13mm wingspan). Base colour on the wings is brown with gold and greenish scales. Yellow spots are found on the apex of fore wing, apically to the irregularly large costal patch. Three black stripes of scales on the fringes of hindwing. Brown body and greenish head. The brown antennae are filliform and extend past the body (Forbes, 1923)." 5/30/05 8:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5414-Habitat 5414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Parkland and praries. 5/30/05 8:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5414-LifeCycle 5414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Leaf miner of the box elder tree. First instars make a narrow, linear mine along the underside of the leaflet. The mine crosses to the upper side to form a white spot until emerging. Final instars form a cone from the distal portion of the leaf and pupate inside (Forbes, 1923). Adults emerge in July and August and are active until winter. Overwinter until spring to mate (Fauske, 2004)." 5/30/05 8:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5414-TrophicStrategy 5414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Specimens in Alberta were found on Manitoba maple, Acer negundo." 5/30/05 8:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5415-ConservationStatus 5415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 5/30/05 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5415-Cyclicity 5415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult specimens collected in Alberta through the warm moths (May-September). 5/30/05 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5415-Distribution 5415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread through the eastern provinces, Nunavut and North West Territories, but originally described in Colorado. Found throughout northern Alberta." 5/30/05 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5415-GeneralDescription 5415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small pushup moths (14mm wingspan) with light brown background colour on body and wings. Gray and black scales form patterns on the wings. Fringes of the wings are gray. Antennae are filiform and longer than body. Adults are very similar to Caloptilia elongella and C. alnicolella, but are distinguishable by the genitalia. Caloptilia alnivorella males have an unarmed intromittent organ. The ventral margin of the clasper is concave apically, and angled midway. Female ductus bursae are long thin and extremely membranous. The bursa is membranous and bag-like (McDunnough, 1946)." 5/30/05 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5415-Habitat 5415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Parkland and forest edges. 5/30/05 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5415-LifeCycle 5415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Early larvae mine the epidermis of alder leaves (Tatum, 2004). Later instars form tents in alder leaves by bending the lateral edges and attaching them together. Within the tent, a small fold is made at the edge for a pupation site. The cocoon is within the fold or on the surface of the leaf (McDunnough, 1946). Adults overwinter in the fall and come out in the spring to mate. Eggs are laid on fresh alder leaves in early spring." 5/30/05 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5415-TrophicStrategy 5415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Alnus mollis and other alders (McDunnough, 1946)." 5/30/05 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5871-ConservationStatus 5871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not known to be rare in North America. 4/13/06 13:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5871-Cyclicity 5871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of R. remotus have been collected in Alberta from May through September. 4/13/06 13:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5871-Distribution 5871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Distribution of North American collected specimens is clustered along the southeastern coast of Canada and the northeastern coast of the United States. The eastern distribution continues west to Manitoba and possibly further south in the US (Bousquet, 1990). Western populations extend from Alaska through California, extending east to Alberta and south to Arizona and New Mexico (Bousquet, 1990)." 4/13/06 13:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5871-GeneralDescription 5871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "All Rhizophagus spp. have antennal grooves on either side and slightly under the head (Bousquet, 2004). Body is fairly flattened, elongate and small, under 4.5 mm in total length (Bousquet, 2004). The final abdominal tergite (the last segment visible dorsally) is not covered by elytra (Sengupta, 1988). Larvae may be 2-6 mm in length and flat or cylindrical or tapered at both ends (Lawrence, 1991).The pronotum, the section of dorsal exoskeleton directly behind the head, is shorter and wider than in other species and the entire body is slightly wider (Bousquet, 1990). Rhizophagus remotus have their 11th antennal segment visible at the end of the club (Bousquet, 1990), similar to R. dimidiatus." 4/13/06 13:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5871-Habitat 5871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Under the bark of coniferous and deciduous trees (Bousquet, 1990)." 4/13/06 13:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5871-LifeCycle 5871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Colours of parts of the exoskeleton and patterns of the divets on the pronotum may allow for the separation of eastern and western specimens, but a large amount of variability is still present (Bousquet, 1990). Catch of R. remotus in window traps in forested northern Alberta tends to be fairly consistent (but not abundant in comparison to other Rhizophagus species) through spring and summer (J. Jacobs, pers. comm.)." 4/13/06 13:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5871-TrophicStrategy 5871 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Many specimens have been collected under the bark of pine (Pinus spp.) and often trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Due to this deciduous presence, it is likely that R. remotus feeds more heavily on decaying material than other bark beetle predators in this genus." 4/13/06 13:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5953-ConservationStatus 5953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Data deficient. There is not enough empirical data to warrant special conservation concerns. 1/4/07 14:37 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5953-Cyclicity 5953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta records were collected in mid June. Specimens recorded in the Tortricid.net (2006) database were collected in early June and late July. 1/4/07 14:37 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5953-Distribution 5953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The true extent of distribution is unknown. Alberta records were found in Edmonton. Databased specimens from Tortricid.net (2006) were collected in Kentucky, United States." 1/4/07 14:37 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5953-GeneralDescription 5953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Relatively small sized Endothenia species. The tip of the forewing is very pale, almost translucent compared to a darker basal area." 1/4/07 14:37 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5953-Habitat 5953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Unknown. 1/4/07 14:37 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5953-LifeCycle 5953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/4/07 14:37 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5953-TrophicStrategy 5953 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unkown. 1/4/07 14:37 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5954-ConservationStatus 5954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status There is not enough empirical data to warrant special conservation concerns. 1/4/07 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5954-Cyclicity 5954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta records show that adults have been collected from late May to early July. Recorded specimens from the United States have been captured in early July and early August (Tortricid.net 2006). 1/4/07 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5954-Distribution 5954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The true extent of distribution is unknown. Records from Alberta come from Edmonton and Nordegg. In the United States specimens have been recorded in the state of Kentucky (Tortrcid.net 2006). 1/4/07 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5954-GeneralDescription 5954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Dark markings at the tip of the forewing are nearly obsolete (Heinrich 1926). Specimens recorded in Alberta often show this pale tip on the forewings, which contrasts with the much darker basal area. The contrast of light and dark colors on the forewings is helpful when comparing this species to Endothenia quadrimaculana, which tends to be similar in appearance." 1/4/07 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5954-Habitat 5954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Unknown. 1/4/07 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5954-LifeCycle 5954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/4/07 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5954-TrophicStrategy 5954 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/4/07 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5942-ConservationStatus 5942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No specific information could be found. It can be assumed that as parasitoids, the success of the species is dependent on the success of the host or hosts." 1/3/07 15:04 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5942-Cyclicity 5942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult specimens have been collected from late April to mid-May, with one apparently collected in late February." 1/3/07 15:04 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5942-Distribution 5942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Nearctic (Evenhuis & Greathead 1999). 1/3/07 15:04 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5942-GeneralDescription 5942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "16-22 mm long, 40-50 mm wingspan. Anterior half of wings dark brown and opaque, posterior half transparent. Hair exceptionally dense with orange tint.\nCharacteristics shared with other Bombylius species include a slender first antennal segment, long scattered bristly hairs, holoptic males, conspicuously bristled hind femora, and a distinct intercalary vein (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:04 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5942-Habitat 5942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid regions with loose soil of the type frequented by ground-nesting bees. 1/3/07 15:04 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5942-LifeCycle 5942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little species-specific information available. The general bombyliid life cycle is described in Marshall (2006). Females coat eggs with a sticky substance in order to gather a protective layer of soil when they are dropped into burrows of potential hosts. First instar larvae actively penetrate host nests, then molt into sedentary ectoparasitoids, a phenomenon known as hypermetamorphosis. Pupae are equipped with rigid ornamentation to assist escape from the burrow. Adults resemble bees as a deterrent against predators, and imitate them behaviourally and functionally by feeding on nectar and spreading pollen." 1/3/07 15:04 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5942-TrophicStrategy 5942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae parasitoids of digging bees, particularly Andrena species (Dufour 1858, Chapman 1878, Bischoff 2003). Adults feed on nectar (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:04 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5943-ConservationStatus 5943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No specific information could be found. It can be assumed that as parasitoids, the success of the species is dependent on the success of the host or hosts." 1/3/07 15:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5943-Cyclicity 5943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult specimens have been collected from mid-May to mid-June. 1/3/07 15:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5943-Distribution 5943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Nearctic (Hall & Evenhuis 1980). 1/3/07 15:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5943-GeneralDescription 5943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "6-8 mm long, 20-25 mm wingspan. Faded brown tint to anterior of wing, and distinctive outlined blotches throughout. Hair with blonde tint.\nCharacteristics shared with other Bombylius species include a slender first antennal segment, long scattered bristly hairs, holoptic males, conspicuously bristled hind femora, and a distinct intercalary vein (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5943-Habitat 5943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid regions with loose soil of the type frequented by ground-nesting bees. 1/3/07 15:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5943-LifeCycle 5943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little species-specific information available. The general bombyliid life cycle is described in Marshall (2006). Females coat eggs with a sticky substance in order to gather a protective layer of soil when they are dropped into burrows of potential hosts. First instar larvae actively penetrate host nests, then molt into sedentary ectoparasitoids, a phenomenon known as hypermetamorphosis. Pupae are equipped with rigid ornamentation to assist escape from the burrow. Adults resemble bees as a deterrent against predators, and imitate them behaviourally and functionally by feeding on nectar and spreading pollen." 1/3/07 15:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5943-TrophicStrategy 5943 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae parasitise solitary ground-nesting bees, including Halictus ligatus (Packer 1988). Adults feed on nectar (Hull 1973)." 1/3/07 15:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4714-ConservationStatus 4714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is considered a forest pest throughout its range. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4714-Cyclicity 4714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight period is from early April to early September. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4714-Distribution 4714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This beetle is found in Canada in British Columbia and southwestern Alberta. It is found throughout the western US (Washington, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Wyoming, California, Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico). This species has been introduced in China." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4714-GeneralDescription 4714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The frons is distinct with fine punctures and granules. The pronotum is finely punctured. The declivity has punctures on the interstriae. The above characters as well as the distribution allow D. pseudotsugae/i> to be distinguished from D. simplex/i>. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4714-Habitat 4714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Windfall and stumps with a DBH more than 20 cm; also (?) healthy trees during droughts or outbreaks. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4714-LifeCycle 4714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This species overwinters as young adults. The young adults will emerge as the first wave of adults between May and June. A second wave consisting of the overwintering larvae and the adults that have already mated will have their flight period between July and August. The females will find an appropriate new host and begin to excavate a gallery from a bark crevice. The male will then join the female to mate. After mating the male may or may not leave the female. Galleries are approximately 12 to 30 cm long and follow the grain of the wood on the inner bark. Oviposition will begin 2 to 3 days after the attack and it is estimated that up to 160 eggs can be found per gallery. Frass is packed to separate the eggs as no egg niches are excavated. The eggs will incubate for between 8 to 24 days. The larvae will then hatch and excavate individual mines for between 19 to 72 days. The larvae then pupate for 5 to 18 days. The young adults that emerge after pupation will then overwinter. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4714-TrophicStrategy 4714 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species feeds on Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas Fir) and Tsuga heterophylla (Western Hemlock) in Alberta. It will also feed on other fir or larch species outside of Alberta. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4715-ConservationStatus 4715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species is considered a pest, although it is not common." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4715-Cyclicity 4715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Exact information of flight period is not known. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4715-Distribution 4715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This beetle is found across Canada - Yukon Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland. It is also found in the US in Alaska, Idaho, Montana, New york, Pennsylvania and West Virginia)." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4715-GeneralDescription 4715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "D. punctatus has a uniform brown color. It has a smooth frons with deep punctures and no granules. Large punctures are found in the declivity. These features distinguish it from D. rufipennis and D. murrayanae, its closest North American relatives. This species is almost identical to D. micans, its European counterpart." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4715-Habitat 4715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Lower boles as well as stumps of conifers. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4715-LifeCycle 4715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This is an uncommon species and very little is known about how it breeds in natural habitats. Much of the information is taken from experimental habitats and inferred from related species such as Dendroctonus micans. This species overwinters as an adult or a mature larvae. Females will create galleries close together within one tree. Males will search out females within the galleries, and cross community breeding can take place. Eggs are laid 3 weeks after the galleries are built. Larvae hatch and then feed gregariously. The pupal stage lasts 10 to 12 days. It takes this species 2 years to complete its lifecycle in Northern Canada, it may take less in warmer climates. This species is seen in flight at the same time as D. rufipennis, and at times is mistaken for the spruce beetle." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4715-TrophicStrategy 4715 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species primarily feeds on Picea glauca (White Spruce) in Alberta. Outside of Alberta it has also been found feeding on P. rubens and P. stichensis. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4504-ConservationStatus 4504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species. 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4504-Cyclicity 4504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta they emerge in fall (September-October), hibernate, and reappear in April and May." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4504-Distribution 4504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia and New Brunswick west to Vancouver Island, south in the mountains both east and west. Found throughout the wooded parts of Alberta, north to Lake Athabasca." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4504-GeneralDescription 4504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size Lithophane (wingspan 3.5-3.9 cm). Forewings light ochre marked with a dull brown median shade and subterminal line. A dark grey bar-shaped patch, somewhat diffuse, in the lower median area. Suberminal line with a slight reddish shade before and a dark shade beyond. Hindwings dark grey, including most of the costal area, and with a dark discal spot and pale fringe. Abdomen tufted. Sexes alike. This is one of the commonest Lithophane at both light traps and bait. Like most Lithophane it is much more commonly collected in spring than in fall. Spring specimens are lighter in color (faded) than are freshly emerged fall specimens. The similar L. bethunei has been recorded west to central Saskatchewan and should be watched for in east central Alberta. It is a paler cream and tan, and can be separated by the cream hindwing with little gray scaling (grey in innominata)." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4504-Habitat 4504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded areas. 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4504-LifeCycle 4504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are solitary defoliators on a wide variety of tree species. Like some other species in the genus, the larvae are reported to prey on other insects (Covell, 1984). Adults hibernate, and come to both bait and light." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4504-TrophicStrategy 4504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A wide variety of deciduous and coniferous trees and shrubs, with perhaps a preference for cherry (Prunus sp.), alder (Alnus) and poplars (Populus); also other insects (Prentice, 1962; Covell, 1982; Rings et al, 1992)" 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5420-ConservationStatus 5420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not likely in need of protection but rather proper identification and reduction in use of confusing synonyms. 5/31/05 13:32 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5420-Cyclicity 5420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in early summer from May to July 5/31/05 13:32 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5420-Distribution 5420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Found throughout Alberta's prairie habitats as far north as Edmonton. 5/31/05 13:32 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5420-GeneralDescription 5420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Fairly large member of the genus Dichelonyx compared to other Alberta species, 8.5-9.5 mm. Entirely pale brownish yellow with slight green or purple reflections in certain lights; clypeal suture not impressed; head and pronotum closely punctate, transverse apical sulcus deep and near apical margin (Downie & Arnett 1996: 685). Also known as D. testacea, and possibly D. linearis." 5/31/05 13:32 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5420-Habitat 5420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairie species found in highlands, often on roses, sometimes found in woods." 5/31/05 13:32 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5420-LifeCycle 5420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae C-shaped grubs likely found underground feeding on roots of grasses, commonly called ""white grubs"" considered pests in nurseries. Adults feed on foliage at night and can also be considered of economical importance." 5/31/05 13:32 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5420-TrophicStrategy 5420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults and larvae phytophagous, larvae likely feed on roots of grasses in pastures or turf." 5/31/05 13:32 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5866-ConservationStatus 5866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/12/06 11:36 3/7/14 7:45 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5866-Cyclicity 5866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly April to July (Linsley and Chemsak 1972, Hardy 1942)." 4/12/06 11:36 3/7/14 7:45 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5866-Distribution 5866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The type locality is Oregon (Haldeman 1847). Specimens have also been recorded from California, British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, and Utah (Garnett 1918; Hopping 1937; Linsley and Chemsak 1972)." 4/12/06 11:36 3/7/14 7:45 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5866-GeneralDescription 5866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Length 10-17 mm (Hopping 1937). There is considerable color variation within the species (Hopping 1937). Most are rufo-testaceous in color but can range from red to brown to black and may be bivittate (Doane 1936). The head and thorax are lanate or covered with woolly hairs (Haldeman 1847). The elytra are testaceous in color (Haldeman 1847) and costate or ribbed (Leng 1890). The body is ventrally testaceous in color (Haldeman 1847). The legs are darker than the body to entirely black (Leng 1890) but may also be red (Hardy 1942). The pubescence is arranged transversely, especially between the costa (Leng 1890). In the Sierra-Nevada Mountains most individuals are small, pale, and covered with a dense yellow pubescence. Northwestern Californian specimens tend to be entirely black with a white pubescence. Specimens from the coast and southern California have reduced pubescence with reddish brown elytra. Northern specimens from the Pacific Northwest to Alberta are uniform in color with brownish elytra and black appendages (Linsley and Chemsak 1972)." 4/12/06 11:36 3/7/14 7:45 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5866-Habitat 5866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A flower dwelling species found in sub-alpine locations in the Sierra-Nevada and Rocky Mountains. 4/12/06 11:36 3/7/14 7:45 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5866-LifeCycle 5866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Most Cerambycid larvae are wood boring and may be very destructive to trees impacting forestry and agriculture (Triplehorn and Johnson 2005). Stenocorus vestitus larvae can be found in the roots of host trees in January (Hardy and Preece 1927). Adults emerge in April, May or June (Hardy and Preece 1927)." 4/12/06 11:36 3/7/14 7:45 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5866-TrophicStrategy 5866 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults are found on the flowers of various angiosperms.\n Larvae are wood borers and are reared on the roots of Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga taxifolia, or Pseudotsuga mucronta (Hardy and Preece 1927, Hopping 1937, Hardy 1942, Linsley and Chemsak 1972)." 4/12/06 11:36 3/7/14 7:45 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5955-ConservationStatus 5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status There is not enough empirical data to warrant special conservation concerns. 1/4/07 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5955-Cyclicity 5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Recorded specimens were caught in mid July 1/4/07 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5955-Distribution 5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The true extent of distribution is unknown. Recorded specimens were captured in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Records from Tortricid.net (2006) database indicate that this species has also been found in Ohio, United States." 1/4/07 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5955-GeneralDescription 5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Large sized species of Endothenia. The hind wings appear to be distinctively broad and they show an abrupt curve just before meeting the base of the abdomen. There is very little open space between the abdomen and hind wings. The forewings are typically a light gray color showing very little contrast and occasionally a few dark markings are present. 1/4/07 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5955-Habitat 5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Often found in open areas. Alberta records indicate that this species has been found in meadows containing Carex sp. and Salix sp. and in open forested areas of pine and aspen. 1/4/07 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5955-LifeCycle 5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults probably fly in the evenings and are attracted to light. Similar Endothenia sp. in Europe fly in the evenings and are easily disturbed from rest during the day (Hansen et. al. 1993). 1/4/07 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5955-TrophicStrategy 5955 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae of a similar species (Endothenia marginana) in Europe have been reared from Pedicularis palustris ( Hansen et. al. 1993 and Laasonen and Laasonen 1995). 1/4/07 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4663-ConservationStatus 4663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Apparently rare and local in Alberta's prairie badlands. 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4663-Cyclicity 4663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late May to late July. 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4663-Distribution 4663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring from southern BC to southern Manitoba, south to California, Kansas and Missouri (McGuffin 1972)." 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4663-GeneralDescription 4663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Alberta specimens of this species lack the prominent dark AM and PM lines usually found in other populations; these are visible only as faint reddish-brown lines. The discal spot and submarginal area are the only dark areas on the forewing. The dorsal side, and in particular the ventral side, has a distinctive pinkish-red cast not found in other Digrammia species." 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4663-Habitat 4663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Few data; a prairie species. 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4663-LifeCycle 4663 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little is known of this species biology, and the immature stages remain undescribed." 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4664-ConservationStatus 4664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4664-Cyclicity 4664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late May to late August, peaking in late June." 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4664-Distribution 4664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from Nova Scotia to Alberta. Widespread in southern Alberta, north to Edmonton. McGuffin 1972)." 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4664-GeneralDescription 4664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Ground colour uniform grey, occasionally with some speckling, particularly on the hindwing. The forewing AM and PM lines are honey brown and bordered by a paler brown line.The uniform and relatively straight AM line, broken near the costa and recurving towards the wing base, will distinguish mellistrigata from the similar D. neptaria." 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4664-Habitat 4664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded and shrubby areas. 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4664-LifeCycle 4664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle McGuffin (1972) describes the immature stages; the pupa overwinters. Adults come to light. 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4664-TrophicStrategy 4664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on willows (Salix spp.) (McGuffin 1972). 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4665-ConservationStatus 4665 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4665-Cyclicity 4665 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to late September; double brooded in the south. 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4665-Distribution 4665 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Yukon and southwestern NWT to Newfoundland, south to California and New Hampshire (McGuffin 1972)." 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4665-GeneralDescription 4665 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Ground colour light grey with some dark grey speckling, particularly on the hindwing. Nearly straight two-toned AM and PM lines, the AM line usually less distinct. Faint median line and a well-defined discal spot. Similar to the faintly-marked form of D. rippertaria, but rippertaria has a two-toned, less sinuous PM line. D. mellistrigata is smaller overall, and the PM line has a sharp break near the costa and angles back toward the wing base. The occasional specimen may lack the wing markings altogether." 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4665-Habitat 4665 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occurs in dry open jack pine and other forest; possibly also other xeric wooded habitats. 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4665-LifeCycle 4665 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are described by McGuffin (1972). Pupae of the second generation hatch in about 12 days. Adults come to light. Although the larval hosts are widespread, this is an uncommon and local insect in Alberta, and is apparently absent from much of the central forested regions. Given this species supposed larval host preference for such widespread plants as poplars and willows, the distribution and occurrence of neptaria is enigmatic: it ranges throughout most of Canada, yet in Alberta it appears to be absent (or at least very localized) throughout most of the central part of the province, having been recorded from Medicine Hat and Crowsnest Pass in the south, then again near the Richardson River Dunes in the extreme northeast. The extreme northern records may in fact be isolated populations in the xeric habitat of the Athabasca sand dunes and Peace River grasslands in Alberta, and the Atlin area in NW BC. Forbes (1948) also commented on neptaria's rarity in New England, and suggested it may be restricted to sand dune habitats. Occurs on pine barrens in Nova Scotia (Ferguson 1954)." 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4665-TrophicStrategy 4665 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on willows (Salix) and poplars (Populus) (McGuffin 1972). 5/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4668-ConservationStatus 4668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 5/20/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4668-Cyclicity 4668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults from early June to mid July. 5/20/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4668-Distribution 4668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to west-central Alberta, south in the east to northern New England (McGuffin 1972)." 5/20/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4668-GeneralDescription 4668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Ground colour white, heavily speckled with grey, black costal wedges and submarginal spot. AM and PM line uneven, median line usually broken into several dark spots. The white ground colour gives this species a contrasting look, unlike the drabber, greyer species which are most similar, including S. sexmaculata, signaria, unipunctaria, banksianae and submarmorata. The habitat specificity of this species will also help to distinguish it." 5/20/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4668-Habitat 4668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal peatlands and fens with larch. 5/20/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4668-LifeCycle 4668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "McGuffin (1972) details the immature stages, and the brown phase of the larva is illustrated by Ives and Wong (1988). Adults come to light." 5/20/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4668-TrophicStrategy 4668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed only on larch (Larix laricina); the few other coniferous hosts listed by Prentice (1963) are likely in error (Ferguson 1974). 5/20/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4315-ConservationStatus 4315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4315-Cyclicity 4315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly primarily in August. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4315-Distribution 4315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western cordilleran species, found from Alaska to California, east to southwest Alberta and Wyoming (McGuffin 1977)." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4315-GeneralDescription 4315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The wing colour and pattern resembles tree bark; forewing grey with fine, dark speckling and a prominent black PM line on both wings; AM line fainter. Discal spot and median line obscure. Male antennae conspicuously plumose. Similar to Iridopsis larvaria and Stenoporpia separataria: I. larvaria has a less elongated forewing shape and a broad dark band basal to black AM line which is faint or absent in pulmonaria. In Alberta, pulmonaria occurs only in the mountains from the Bow Valley south, while larvaria is widespread; for genitalic differences see McGuffin 1977). S. separataria has a more crenulate, irregular PM line than pulmonaria; uncertain identifications should be verified through genitalic dissection see McGuffin (1977). Both the larvae and adults of pulmonaria have often been confused with those of Anavitrinella pampinaria, but the adults of pampinaria have short male antennal pectinations and a light contrasting band at the base of the abdomen.\n\n" 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4315-Habitat 4315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane conifer forest. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4315-LifeCycle 4315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A brief description of the mature larva (based on preserved specimens) and pupa is given by McGuffin (1977). Grown larvae are mimics of conifer twigs, and overwinter half-grown (Duncan 2003)." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4315-TrophicStrategy 4315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed primarily on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and occasionally other conifers (McGuffin 1977)." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4505-ConservationStatus 4505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns. 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4505-Cyclicity 4505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta they fly from late April to mid June, peaking in the latter half of May." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4505-Distribution 4505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central Alberta east to Nova Scotia, south to GA, AL, AR, MS (Wagner et al. 2001, McGuffin 1987). McGuffin (1987) reported it as far west as Saskatchewan." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4505-GeneralDescription 4505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This large and fairly robust geometrid moth mimics wilted leaves with its jagged rust and brown wings. Ground colour pale-tan, with brighter rust shades at the wing margins and a pinkish white shade along the forewing costa; three dark brown transverse lines. Slightly larger and paler than the very similar S. alciphearia; kentaria has a more jagged postmedian (PM) line on both wings (best seen on the underside). The forewing PM line in kentaria has a more pronounced indentation midway, and the hindwing PM line is more irregular and slightly curved outwardly (straight or nearly so in alciphearia). The enitalia of some specimens must be examined for positive identification (see McGuffin, 1987)." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4505-Habitat 4505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forests and woodlands. 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4505-LifeCycle 4505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are amazing twig mimics in colouration, texture and shape, to the point where white patches resemble bark lichen. Pupae hibernate (Wagner et al. 2001).\n" 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4505-TrophicStrategy 4505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Several hardwood trees are the reported larval hosts (Prentice 1963, Wagner et al. 2001); of these, birch (Betula) is the only species native to Alberta. May feed on cherry (Prunus spp.) in the east-central part of the province." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4523-Cyclicity 4523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in late summer and fall, July to October." 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4523-Distribution 4523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from British Columbia and Alberta in Canada (Bousquet 1991), and from Colorado, Oregon and southern Califronia in the United States." 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4523-GeneralDescription 4523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Color black, surface dull with short pale hairs; antennae with outer segments gradually abbreviated, last 4 segments nearly as long as the preceding segments together; pronotum usually rounded on the sides. Posterior tarsi with third segment cleft for about half its length, the apex of small fourth segment about even with apices of lobes; ocular setae absent or inconspicuous. Form, slender, elongate; pronotum not or little wider than long; gula finely rugulose, not distinctly punctuate, gula not bearded. Little sexual dimorphism; females more robust with antennae attaining nearly the middle of the elytra; females 15-25mm, males 12-23mm. Larvae yellowish white, about 40mm full grown; similar to Asemum striatum but have coarser pronotal asperities and numerous glabrous spots. A slender species, A. productus seems to be most easily distinguished from other species by the narrow pronotum with a longitudinal groove running between the pronotal pits, unabbreviated antennae and cribately punctured elytra (Linsley 1962).\n" 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4523-Habitat 4523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Pacific coast boreal forest from British Columbia to Mexico (Linsley 1962). 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4523-LifeCycle 4523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females oviposit at the base of recently dead or dying trees in deep crevices of the bark, often immediately following fire or bark beetle attacks. They are sap and heartwood borers. Larvae feed beneath the bark for a short time to pass the winter in the larval stage, pupation occurring in the early summer. The life cycle from egg to adult generally takes at least two years (Linsley 1962; Ebeling 2002). Common in the U.S. as a house pest. Will not generally cause structural damage. However, the exit holes of the emerging adults can cause extensive cosmetic damage. A. productus is known to chew exit holes through almost any material. Because females are limited to infesting untreated wood (hard and soft), they will not revisit the same wood for oviposition after emergence, and thus are not considered a major pest. Generally, control is never necessary after infestation as they pose no threat after emergence and control steps before construction are as simple as not using infested wood through standard radiographic techniques (Ebeling 2002).\n" 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4523-TrophicStrategy 4523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on Pinus sp., Abies sp., particularly the douglas fir, and Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Linsley 1962; Ebeling 2002)." 4/15/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4196-ConservationStatus 4196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4196-Cyclicity 4196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults fly in August 1/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4196-Distribution 4196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alaska to New Mexico, east to western Alberta (McGuffin 1987)." 1/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4196-GeneralDescription 4196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-sized, grey geometrid with heavy grey speckling and a dark broad median band, with a heavily scalloped border. Hindwing paler, with a faint PM line. Discal spot black, not white as in Caripeta species. Very similar to Nepytia species (particulary freemani), but in Enypia the forewing PM line comes closest to the wing margin near the apex (where it joins the costa), and in Nepytia the PM line is is nearest the wing margin in the subapica (not apical) area. Distinguished from E. griseata by the AM line, which jogs out to the discal spot in venata - the discal spot is well-separated from the AM band in griseata.\n\n" 1/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4196-Habitat 4196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Montane coniferous forest. In the Kananaskis River valley, this species is found in lodgepole pine -" 1/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4196-LifeCycle 4196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae are rather stout for a geometrid, somewhat resembling cutworms. They exhibit a grey and a rust-brown colour morph, and feed on conifer foliage until the onset of cooler weather in the fall; hibernation is in the 4th or 5th larval instar (Duncan 2003). Adults are nocturnal and come to lights." 1/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4196-TrophicStrategy 4196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on conifers. Western hemlock (Tsuga), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga), and spruce (Picea) are reported hosts (Prentice 1963)." 1/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4316-ConservationStatus 4316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Provincial status uncertain, known from a single specimen in Alberta." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4316-Cyclicity 4316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single Alberta record is for August 1. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4316-Distribution 4316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern BC and extreme southwestern AB south to California (McGuffin 1981). 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4316-GeneralDescription 4316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The relatively large size, conspicuously pectinate antennae and unmarked, broadly brown-bordered wings will distinguish this species.\n\n" 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4316-Habitat 4316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Unknown in Alberta; likely dry, shrubby or open montane slopes." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4316-LifeCycle 4316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs overwinter, and the grey larvae mimic twigs and rest outstretched (see Miller 1995 for an illustration of the larva). Pupation is in a cocoon underground (McGuffin 1981)." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4316-TrophicStrategy 4316 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown in AB; larvae feed on Ceanothus sanguineus and Rhamnus sp. elsewhere (McGuffin 1981). 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4317-ConservationStatus 4317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4317-Cyclicity 4317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late May to mid July, most common in June" 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4317-Distribution 4317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "East-central BC and southern NWT / YT east to Nova Scotia, south to MS, TX, and AZ (McGuffin 1987, Wagner et al. 2001)." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4317-GeneralDescription 4317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wings even grey (sometimes with slight dark speckling), and two straight, yellow-tan transverse lines on the forewing. Prominent black forewing discal spot, dark crescent along forewing margin near the apex, with a yellow border. Likely only to be confused with M. determinate, which has a contrasting dark band between the two forewing transverse lines, and has yellow scales within the dark discal spot (determinate has an all-black discal spot)." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4317-Habitat 4317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forests and woodlands. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4317-LifeCycle 4317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The mottled grey and slightly flattened larva blends in well with tree bark. The winter is spent in the pupal stage, the larva cocooning in a bark crevice (Wagner et al 2001). Adults fly up when disturbed during the day, and also come to light at night." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4317-TrophicStrategy 4317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The preferred hosts are poplars (Populus spp.), and occasionally willows (Salix spp.). Coniferous hosts as indicated by several larval collections are likely in error and require confirmation (Prentice 1963)." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4318-ConservationStatus 4318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rarely collected in Alberta. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4318-Cyclicity 4318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Epidemas obscurus flies in September in Alberta. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4318-Distribution 4318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Epidemas obscurus occurs from at least Oregon north to southern BC, east to western Montana and the Saskatchewan-Alberta border. In Alberta it has been collected along the lower South Saskatchewan River, from the Medicine Hat area and near the Saskatchewan border." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4318-GeneralDescription 4318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approximately 3.0-3.3 cm wingspan) dull powdery grey and pale ochre brown moth with obscure markings. There is an ochre basal streak with a prominent short black dash along the lower edge. The median part of the wing in particular has a mix of ochre scales with the grey. The AM and PM lines are narrow, poorly and only partially marked in black scales, except for a short section of the lower PM line, which is thicker and more prominent. The orbicular (large) and reniform are partially outlined with black scales. The area beyond the subterminal line is lighter, with patches of pale ochre and white, especially near the apex. Thin, broken black terminal line. The fringe is pale buff or dirty white, lightly checkered with dark between the veins. The hindwings are dirty white, dusted with grey scales, which increase to form a dark terminal band and faint discal mark. Narrow broken black terminal line and white fringe. A report of E. melanographa from Alberta (Bowman, 1951) was apparently based on mis-identified obscurus (fide J. D. Lafontaine)." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4318-Habitat 4318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open valley grasslands and badlands (?). 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4318-LifeCycle 4318 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. They fly late in the season, and thus pass the winter in the egg or first intar." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4253-ConservationStatus 4253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No special status (IUCN 2002). 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4253-Cyclicity 4253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge from May to August. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4253-Distribution 4253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta this species is recorded from the southern region. This species ranges from British Columbia to Manitoba (Larson et al. 2000). The southern-most records are from Durango State, Mexico." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4253-GeneralDescription 4253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium size (26.7 to 33.0 mm), elongate body (Larson et al. 2000). Reddish to black - some with metallic green appearance. All margins of pronotum and lateral margins of elytra broadly margined with yellow. Large medial chevron on head. Basal segments of antennae yellow, terminal segments reddish. All pronotal margins broadly yellow - basal margin narrow laterally and broadly expanded medially. Lateral margins of elytra yellow, narrowed and discontinuous at apex. Fore- and middle legs yellow to pale red." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4253-Habitat 4253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Semi-permanent, saline ponds (Larson et al. 2000). Also in fresh water ponds." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4253-LifeCycle 4253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinter as adults in permanent waters (Larson et al. 2000). Late fall or early spring mating. Univoltine (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985). Strong swimmers, hind legs move together while swimming. Adults attracted to lights." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4253-TrophicStrategy 4253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Predatory - active swimmers (Larson et al. 2000). Invertebrate and fish larvae prey. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5378-ConservationStatus 5378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is a newly introduced pest to planted green ash trees in suburban areas. 2/18/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5378-Cyclicity 5378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Emerge mid-July, aestivate in August, active in September, overwinter until mid-April to mid-May (Pohl et al., 2004)." 2/18/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5378-Distribution 5378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is native to eastern United States, Quebec and Ontario, but has been found in prairie cities since 1999 (Forbes, 1923). The range is expanding due to urban planting of ornamental Ash trees." 2/18/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5378-GeneralDescription 5378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Caloptilia fraxinella are small moths with 12-14mm wingspan. Wing background is gray; forewings have many black and white scales that form spots (Forbes, 1923). A few orange iridescent scales are scattered across the wing surface. The fringes of hind wings, head and thorax are all gray. Male genitalia show the clearest difference between species of Caloptilia. The valves are lobe-shaped instead of notched near tip of ventral margin as in C. alnivorella and C. strictella (Pohl et al. 2004)." 2/18/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5378-Habitat 5378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Suburban areas with introduced green ash trees. 2/18/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5378-LifeCycle 5378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Small (0.4mm x 0.3mm) white eggs are laid singly along the midrib of newly emerged ash leaves. Within one week the first instar larvae emerges and begins mining under the upper cuticle of the leaflet. Fourth instars will emerge from the leaflets and use silk to migrate to new leaves in late June. The small (7.3mm) cream coloured larvae will roll the distal portion of the leaf under to create a small cone (fig.1). In mid-July the fifth instar will eat away a small circle of tissue under the upper cuticle; this appears as a white 'window' on a rolled leaf. A cocoon is spun with one opening attached to the window and other to the other side of the cone. After 10-14 days of making the window the pupa pushes itself 1/3 out the window and the moth emerges. Adults will aestivate mid-august and re-emerge in September to find overwintering sites. They overwinter until mid-April to mid-May, which is when they mate (Pohl et al., 2004)." 2/18/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5378-TrophicStrategy 5378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Caloptilia fraxinella larvae mine the top side of the leaves of ornamental green ash (Fraxinus pennslvanica), black ash (F. nigra) and Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) until third week of June. The final instars of larvae create rolls on the ash or neighboring lilac bushes (Syringa vulgaris) (Pohl et al., 2004)." 2/18/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6348-ConservationStatus 6348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly widespread species, but only recently described and still poorly known." 3/20/08 14:33 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6348-Cyclicity 6348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June through early September. 3/20/08 14:33 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6348-Distribution 6348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "To date known from south Dakota and southern Alberta, with a disjunct (?) population in the NWT. In Alberta it has been collected at Lost River, Writing-on-Stone and Dinosaur Provincial Parks north to the Red Deer River east of Trochu, as well as in the subalpine at Hailstone Butte." 3/20/08 14:33 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6348-GeneralDescription 6348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species belongs to the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. It is a medium-sized moth (3.3-3.8 cm wingspan) with pale grey-brown wi¡ngs. The costa, orbicular and reniform spots are very light grey-white, and the cubital vein is lightly marked in the same color. The forewing ground is soft grey with a light tan tinge. There is a prominent black basal streak, and the discal area before the orbicular and between the orbicular and the reniform is filled with black scales. The postmedian line is faintly marked in darker grey scales, and the terminal area has a darker grey band, bordered on the proximal side with several small, blackish saggitate spots. The hindwings are sooty grey, darkening slightly on the outer half. The discal crescent and veins are lightly marked with darker scales. Sexes similar, but males with biserrate or bifasculate antennae; females with simple ones. Most likely to be mistaken for E. clausa, which lacks white scaling on the cubital vein, is streakier in the postmedian area, and has wider antennae." 3/20/08 14:33 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6348-Habitat 6348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry grasslands and badlands. 3/20/08 14:33 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5868-ConservationStatus 5868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not known to be rare in North America. 4/13/06 11:21 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5868-Cyclicity 5868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of Rhizophagus brunneus have been collected in Alberta from July through September. 4/13/06 11:21 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5868-Distribution 5868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Rhizophagus brunneus are present in boreal or cold/temperate regions across North America (Bousquet, 1990). Rhizophagus brunneus brunneus Horn is present across Canada from Edmonton east through the Maritimes, collected specimens being clustered in the east, and south to Alabama (Bousquet, 1990). Rhizophagus brunneus fenyesi Méquignon has only been found in Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico (Bousquet, 1990)." 4/13/06 11:21 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5868-GeneralDescription 5868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "All Rhizophagus spp. have antennal grooves on either side and slightly under the head (Bousquet, 2004). Body is fairly flattened, elongate and small, under 4.5 mm in total length (Bousquet, 2004). The final abdominal tergite (the last segment) is not covered by elytra (Sengupta, 1988). Larvae may be 2-6 mm in length and flat or cylindrical or tapered at both ends (Lawrence, 1991). Members of R. brunneus are distinguishable by their pronotum, the section of dorsal exoskeleton directly behind the head, being lined on both sides with a small lip. This also allows the centre of the pronotum to be slightly domed (Bousquet, 1990). The difference between the subspecies lies in the divets present on the pronotum. In R. brunneus brunneus the small divets are evenly distributed across the pronotum, whereas in R. brunneus fenyesi the divets are larger and more numerous down the centre of the pronotum (Bousquet, 1990). This species differs from R. remotus in that R. brunneus have semi-circular clubs where the 11th antennal segment is inside the 10th. In R. remotus the 11th segment is visible and the clubs are rounded (Bousquet, 1990)." 4/13/06 11:21 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5868-Habitat 5868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Forested areas; found under the bark of coniferous trees (Bousquet, 1990)." 4/13/06 11:21 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5868-LifeCycle 5868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Rhizophagus brunneus may play a role in transmission of Ceratocystis fimbriata, the fungus causing aspen canker on trembling aspen between trees (Hinds, 1972). Rhizophagus brunneus may be found in fungus dominated areas found on tree hosts (Hinds 1972) and has an affinity for decomposing cambium (Lawrence, 1991). Catch of this species in window traps in forested northern Alberta is most abundant from mid to late July (J. Jacobs, unpublished data). Contrary to the conifer hosts this taxon is usually collected on, these samples yielded large numbers of R. brunneus in conjunction with dying deciduous trees, indicating that this species may be more attracted to decaying material than bark beetles themselves." 4/13/06 11:21 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5868-TrophicStrategy 5868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Rhizophagus brunneus brunneus have been found under the bark of unspecified pine and spruce species and R. brunneus fenyesi are presumed to feed on similar hosts (Bousquet, 1990). In Alberta, R. brunneus have been found on white spruce (Picea glauca Moench) and unspecified spruce spp., sometimes in conjunction with bark beetles Dendroctonus americanum." 4/13/06 11:21 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4733-ConservationStatus 4733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Apparently relatively widespread throughout southern Alberta. 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4733-Cyclicity 4733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult specimens collected from August to October. 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4733-Distribution 4733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from most of Canada, and from the northwest and northeast of United States. In Alberta the records are from south to central regions (Lindroth 1969)." 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4733-GeneralDescription 4733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elytra tinged bluish or greenish, apex hardly sinuate, with incomplete basal margin reaching 3rd or 4th stria; shoulder macula present but not well-defined. Wing-dimorphic, but macropterous form uncommon. (Lindroth 1969)" 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4733-Habitat 4733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open sandy fields with short grassy vegetation (Lindroth 1969). 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4733-LifeCycle 4733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larval hibernation (Lindroth 1969). 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4734-ConservationStatus 4734 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Most common species in the genus (Lindroth 1969), most frequently collected as well." 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4734-Cyclicity 4734 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Most commonly caught in May and June, and as late as September." 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4734-Distribution 4734 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from most of Canada, and the northern half of United States. In Alberta, records are from Jasper (Lindroth 1969) and southern, central and northern Alberta." 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4734-GeneralDescription 4734 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Short and flat; piceous to black; sides of prothorax broadly translucent; elytra never with defined shoulder macula; 1st antennal segment much longer than 3rd; elytra often with paler base; small, sharp denticle in hind angles of pronotum; elytra short, clearly widening behind middle, strial punctures as coarse as those on intervals, apex truncate and slightly sinuate. Wing-dimorphic species, with populations intermixed. (Lindroth 1969)" 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4734-Habitat 4734 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Xerophilous, usually on dry sandy moraine (Lindroth 1969)." 6/24/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5422-ConservationStatus 5422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Fairly common, often occurring in large numbers at one locality." 5/31/05 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5422-Cyclicity 5422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in early summer from May to July. 5/31/05 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5422-Distribution 5422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution In Alberta found as far north as Edmonton. 5/31/05 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5422-GeneralDescription 5422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults 7-8.5 mm, somewhat variable in color but head and pronotum as well as tibiae and femori very dark brown to black. Elytra brilliant green to blue green with metallic sheen, easy to confuse with Dichelonyx fulgida but smaller and lacks any orange or reddish medial overtones on the elytra." 5/31/05 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5422-Habitat 5422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Plains, subalpine, often found on or near wild rose, conifers, sometimes on hazel." 5/31/05 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5422-LifeCycle 5422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae are C-shaped ""white grubs""." 5/31/05 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5422-TrophicStrategy 5422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae fossorial, feed on roots, adults often found feeding on flowers of wild roses Rosa woodsii." 5/31/05 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5423-ConservationStatus 5423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Seemingly less common than other Dichelonyx species in Alberta but this may just be as a result of being on the edges of the species range. 5/31/05 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5423-Cyclicity 5423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected primarily in June and July. 5/31/05 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5423-Distribution 5423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Mainly found farther south along mountain ranges in the United States, in Alberta collected only from a few localities such as Waterton." 5/31/05 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5423-GeneralDescription 5423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults 8.5-9.5 mm, similar in appearance to Dichelonyx backi but larger, often head, pronotum and limbs much lighter, clearly testaceous not black, if dark, then elytra not as bluish green as backi having purple to reddish overtones medially." 5/31/05 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5423-Habitat 5423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alpine, subalpine, adults closely associated with conifers." 5/31/05 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5423-LifeCycle 5423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Similar to other Dichelonyx with respect to the larval stage but the adult is unique in feeding on conifer pollen. 5/31/05 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5423-TrophicStrategy 5423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae fossorial, feed on roots, adults on pollen of conifers such as whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis (Kegley et al. 2001)." 5/31/05 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4271-ConservationStatus 4271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species; no concerns. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4271-Cyclicity 4271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in August. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4271-Distribution 4271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From southern Manitoba west to southern BC, south to Texas, New Mexico and California. In Alberta it has been collected in the arid grasslands, north to Lethbridge." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4271-GeneralDescription 4271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Olivia is another medium-size (approx. 3.5 cm. wingspan) grey-brown western aridland Euxoa, variable in appearance and difficult to characterize except by genitalic characters. In the male, the forewing ground is yellow-brown to orange-brown and the hindwing is white shading to brown along the margin. Females are grey or silver grey on the forewing with a pale grey hindwing with darker veins. \n\nOlivia belongs to the Euxoa subgenus Heteroeuxoa; males can be identified by the asymmetrical saccular extensions and the shape of the vesica, and females by the shape of the bursa from which the ductus seminalis arises. Although the female of olivia has a corpus bursa similar to that of the E. ochrogaster species group, the ductus seminalis arises ventrolateral to the ductus bursae instead of dorsal or dorsolateral. In the male genitalia the harpe is c-shaped, markedly curved in the apical half, and the sub-basal diverticulum is lacking and replaced by a spiny pouch of vesica.\n\nLafontaine (1987) provides illustrations of the adults and genitalia of olivia, as well as keys to the subgenera and species of Euxoa.\n" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4271-Habitat 4271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands and croplands. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4271-LifeCycle 4271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single brood annually, and both the adults and larvae are nocturnal." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4271-TrophicStrategy 4271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Strawberries (Fragaria) and corn (Zea) (Lafontaine, 1987). Probably many other low plants." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29112-ConservationStatus 29112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, widespread and abundant." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29112-Cyclicity 29112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The eggs over winter and hatch in May (Chapman & Lienk 1971). Adults can be found from early July to mid September. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29112-Distribution 29112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution In Alberta this species is common in nearly any open habitat where chokecherry shrubs are present. It is also common throughout southern Canada south to California and New England. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29112-GeneralDescription 29112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adults are easily recognized by the orange forewing with many silvery bars. There are distinct brown squared blotches along the costa in the postmedian and median area, along with variable smaller brown markings through the middle of the wing in the antemedian and median areas. The hindwings and most of the body is also orange.\nThe larva is also distinct by its habits and colouration. Early instars are yellowish green with black legs, head, prothoracic shield, and anal shield. The later instars are bright orange with the same contrasting dark sclerotization and with sparse moderately long pale setae." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29112-Habitat 29112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open and shrubby areas especially where there is chokecherry. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29112-LifeCycle 29112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid in batches on the host plant near the ground. The larvae are found in groups of 30 to 200 individuals and make large messy webs containing large amounts of frass. The webs are made around the terminal shoots of the host, sometimes enveloping entire plants. Pupation occurs inside individual cells inside the shelter. Adults are not very active during the day and can be found resting on chokecherry foliage, but they frequent lights. (Razowski 1977; Chapman & Lienk 1971; MacKay 1962)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29112-TrophicStrategy 29112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae most commonly feed on the vigorous shoots of small Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), and occasionally feed upon other members of the Rose family (Rosaceae), willow (Salix spp.), aspen (Populus spp.), and birch (Betula spp.). (Chapman & Lienk 1971; MacKay 1962; Freeman 1958)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4470-ConservationStatus 4470 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4470-Cyclicity 4470 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta from late May to late June, with the peak flight in mid June." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4470-Distribution 4470 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern interior BC east to Nova Scotia and south to FL and TX (McGuffin 1987). 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4470-GeneralDescription 4470 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The robust body and dissimilar fore- and hindwing pattern of Pero species are more reminiscent of noctuids than geometrids. Forewing light grey-brown with a broad wavy dark brown median band and a white discal spot. Hindwing light grey with a pale bordered, slightly darker basal half and a row of small black terminal dots. Wing margins slightly serrate.\nVery similar to P. morrisonaria, but with less overall speckling and the median band with a less pronounced paler area near the costal margin. The outer margin of the median band is straight near the anal margin and angled more towards the body in honestaria, while morrisonaria has a tooth-like indent near the anal margin (at the anal vein). In the southern mountains in Alberta, where P. behrensaria occurs with honestaria, these two should be distinguished by genitalic morphology (see McGuffin,1987).\n" 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4470-Habitat 4470 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Shrubby areas of the aspen parkland and prairies. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4470-LifeCycle 4470 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae, described in detail by McGuffin (1987), are light brown with brown lines and mimic twigs in colour, posture and shape. Pupae hibernate." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4470-TrophicStrategy 4470 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Reported larval hosts that occur in Alberta include chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) (Ferguson 1954). 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4471-ConservationStatus 4471 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4471-Cyclicity 4471 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late may to mid July, most adults flying in mid to late June." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4471-Distribution 4471 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Coastal BC east to Nova Scotia, south to WA and Ga (McGuffin 1987, Wagner et al. 2001)." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4471-GeneralDescription 4471 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The robust body and dissimilar fore- and hindwing pattern of Pero species are more reminiscent of noctuids than geometrids.\nForewing light grey-brown with a broad wavy dark brown median band, shading to tan brown medially especially near the costa. Discal spot white. Hindwing light grey with a pale bordered, dark median line and a row of small black terminal dots. Wing margins slightly serrate.\nVery similar to P. honestaria, with which it occurs in the central parts of the province. More dark speckling overall than P. morrisonaria, and the forewing median band with a more pronounced paler area near the costal margin. The outer margin of the forewing median band has a tooth-like indent near the anal margin (at the anal vein), while honestaria has a straight median band outer edge. In the southern mountains where several Pero species may occur it is best to confirm identification through genitalic morphology (see McGuffin 1987).\n" 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4471-Habitat 4471 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Widespread in most forested habitats, particularly the southern boreal and aspen parkland." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4471-LifeCycle 4471 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This is the most widespread and often the most common Pero in Alberta. The larva, like most ennomine geometrids, is a twig mimic. The pupa overwinters (McGuffin 1987). Adults are nocturnal and come to lights." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4471-TrophicStrategy 4471 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are predominantly conifer feeders, especially balsam fir (Abies) and white spruce (Picea), but have also occasionally been recorded from willow (Salix), alder (Alnus), and aspen (Populus(Prentice 1963)." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4472-ConservationStatus 4472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4472-Cyclicity 4472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta throughout June. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4472-Distribution 4472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern BC and the AB mountains (south of the Athabasca River) south to CA (McGuffin 1987). 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4472-GeneralDescription 4472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Very similar to P. honestaria and behrensaria, but according to McGuffin (1987) this is the only Canadian Pero with slightly dentate or pectinate rather than simple male antennae." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4472-Habitat 4472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open montane woodlands. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4472-LifeCycle 4472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Caterpillars are light grey and brown with several short tubercles, and mimic twigs in posture and colouration. The pupa overwinters. The eggs are laid in a neat row along the host foliage, as in other Pero species (McGuffin 1987)." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4472-TrophicStrategy 4472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Miller & Hamond (2000) state that larvae feed primarily on pines and other conifers, But this species was not recorded from conifers by Prentice (1963), and McGuffin (9187) lists only lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) along with deciduous shrubs (Menziesia glabella, Sheperdia canadensis, and Ceanothus)." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5424-Cyclicity 5424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens have been collected from mid June through mid July. 5/31/05 14:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5424-Distribution 5424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Specimens of P. rhombica have been collected in scattered localities from Merritt, B.C. and Cochrane, Alberta south to Tollgate, Oregon, the holotype being from Banff, Alberta (Fender 1966). Edmonton and Gull Lake, Alberta (5 specimens in the Strickland Museum) are interesting localities for the species." 5/31/05 14:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5424-GeneralDescription 5424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Phausis rhombica can easily be distinguished from other Alberta fireflies. While some lampyrids may be the same size (6-7mm), no other Alberta genus has the uniform colouration (brown-black) with two large kidney-shaped translucent spots in the anterior portion of the pronotum directly above the eyes. Unlike other Alberta Lampyridae, Phausis species also have a glassy bead, easily visible under a microscope, at the end of the last antennal segment. Currently, no other Phausis species is known to occur in Alberta, though P. nigra has been collected from Fernie, B.C. (Fender 1966), and likely ranges into southwestern Alberta. Phausis rhombica can be distinguished from other Phausis species, including P. nigra, by characteristics of the pronotum. Viewed dorsally, the pronotum is widest at the base and narrows anteriorly, giving it a trapezoidal shape. The two anterior angles may be somewhat obscure, but they keep the pronotum from appearing uniformly rounded. The anterior pronotal margin is feebly arced in most specimens, and in some this arc appears slightly notched in the center. Features of the scutellum are also useful in identifying P. rhombica. The scutellum is subspatulate (roughly pear-shaped), finely notched at the apex, and has a groove running from its center to the notch at the apex. The scutellum also bears small, sparse punctures." 5/31/05 14:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5424-LifeCycle 5424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "While females of this species are unknown (Fender 1966), known females of other Phausis species in North America are larva-like. Adult females (from those species where females are known) of the genus emit light; males are lightless. All larvae also have light organs (Arnett 2001)." 5/31/05 14:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5424-TrophicStrategy 5424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are likely predacious (Arnett 2001). 5/31/05 14:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5427-Cyclicity 5427 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens have been collected from mid June through late July. 6/2/05 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5427-Distribution 5427 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, specimens of P. nigricans have been collected in the southeast (Medicine Hat and the Cypress Hills) and Edmonton. Its Canadian range extends from B.C. and the Northwest Territories to New Brunswick (Bousquet 1991). The species ranges throughout most of the United States, except the southeastern portion, and is quite common from the Rocky Mountains westward (Green 1961)." 6/2/05 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5427-GeneralDescription 5427 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Measuring 4.25-8.5mm, P. nigricans is black with a pale prothorax. Dorsally, the pronotum is often rosy and bears a wide median black vitta (stripe) and entirely black borders. In some southern U.S. localities, specimens of one or both sexes have been found with reduced elytra (Green 1961, Lloyd 1999). The species can be distinguished from other Alberta fireflies by characteristics of the antennae and pronotum. The first antennal segment is shorter than the third, providing a relatively easy way to distinguish P. nigricans from the similarly coloured Ellychnia species. The antennae of P. nigricans are flattened. This species can be further distinguished from other fireflies in Alberta by having the entire pronotal border outlined by an even black band, and by the lack of translucent windows in the pronotum. Propyga nigricans has 10.4-11.5mm long, campodeiform larvae. The body is parallel sided, with the last 3 or 4 abdominal segments tapering to a very small 10th (last) segment which houses the larval hold-fast organ (like a posterior foot). The larval body is dorsoventrally flattened to a limited degree, and has a dark brown colour with paler edges. Its head is slightly retracted into the thorax. Pupae of P. nigricans are 8.8-9.1mm (Archangelsky 2001)." 6/2/05 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5427-LifeCycle 5427 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Neither males nor females of P. nigricans are luminous (Green 1961), and the species is fully diurnal (Archangelsky 2001). The species is known to use pheromones for sexual communication (Arnett 2001)." 6/2/05 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5427-TrophicStrategy 5427 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larval P. nigricans have been reared on small earthworms and snails (Archangelsky 2001). 6/2/05 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4693-ConservationStatus 4693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 6/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4693-Cyclicity 4693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There is a single brood per year, and adults appear in July or earlier (Forbes, 1923: 347)." 6/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4693-Distribution 4693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada it is recorded from British Columbia, Alberta (Edmonton, Lac La Biche) and Saskatchewan (vic. Big River), and probably exists in Manitoba (Pohl et al., in prep.). In US it is recorded form New York (Mt. Marcy, Trenton Falls) and California (Fieldbrook) (Busck, 1907: 18). Widespread in Europe, Asia and North America. The species was first introduced from Europe to North America in 1897 (British Columbia) (Covell 1984, cf. Pohl et al., in prep.)." 6/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4693-GeneralDescription 4693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan 10-14 mm. Palpi, face, and head yellowish-white; frons pale brassy; antennae annulated with dark brown and pale ochreous, scrape ochreous; labial palpus ochreous, sometimes brownish. Thorax yellowish-white, sometimes deep purplish-brown anteriorly; tegula deep purplish brown. Forewings dark purplish-brown with dorsal part to tornus white; on the middle of the dorsal edge is an outwardly oblique blackish-brown streak, which lose itself in the dark costal part. Costal edge is strigulated with yellowish white, and shortly before apex is a larger white costal dash. Apical cilia blackish brown; dorsal cilia ochreous fuscous. Hindwing grayish fuscous. Legs brownish ochreous, foreleg deep brown above. Abdomen grayish fuscous (Busck 1907: 17-18; Emmet et al 1996: 84-85).\nForbes (1923: 347) mentions, ""A. belangerella, a closely related taxon, might be only a variety of this species"". \nThis species can be distinguished by the complete absence of golden color on wings, and its special status as a pest of apple and mountain ash, a feature not shared by other Argyresthia in Alberta.\n" 6/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4693-Habitat 4693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species is found mainly in montane regions with mountain ash or apple. 6/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4693-LifeCycle 4693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are oval and slightly flattened, with a deeply pitted surface, and a yellowish or greenish white color. These are laid on unripe fruit of mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) or apple (Malus spp.) in June or July. They hatch in two weeks (6-7 days in Japan). In continental Europe they are also laid on cultivated fruit trees (Emmet et al 1996: 84-85). The fully fed larva is 7 mm long, and has a pale brown head, prothoracic and anal plates. Its whitish yellow body turns pink when the larva is full-grown. After hatching, the larva bores into the fruit, eating it out and, on mountain ash, moving to another berry if necessary. Tenanted berries redden prematurely and are often spun together. The larva can be found from June to August. It takes about six weeks for the larva to become full-grown; it then descends to the ground on a silken thread (Emmet et al 1996: 84-85). In Japan, the time spent in the fruit is about 50 days. After leaving the fruit, the larva spins the cocoon, which is normally found in the earth (Moriuti, 1977). The pupa is brown, and is formed in a dense silken cocoon within a second open-network cocoon just beneath the surface of the ground, or under bark. The species overwinters in this stage, from September to May (Emmet et al 1996: 84-85). For further detailed description of larva/pupa/adult characters, see Moriuti (1977: 267-270)." 6/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4693-TrophicStrategy 4693 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The principal hosts of the larva are mountain ash (also called rowan, Sorbus aucuparia) and apple (Malus spp." 6/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4694-ConservationStatus 4694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4694-Cyclicity 4694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in late June (Freeman 1960: 28) 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4694-Distribution 4694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known only from type locality in northern Montana (St. Marys and Babb), but undoubtedly occurring in adjacent parts of Canada (Freeman, 1972: 692)." 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4694-GeneralDescription 4694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Antenna white, banded with fuscous, and with some brown scaling at base. Palpus white inwardly, yellowish outwardly, and slightly fuscous at apex. Head white. Thorax yellowish-white in male, particularly at base and on disk; of female white. Hind wing smoky. Fringes of all wings shining white. Under surfaces of all wings fuscous, with white fringes. Hind leg white, terminal tarsi with fuscous bands. Fore and mid-tibiae and tarsi, fuscous. Wingspread: 11 mm. (Freeman, 1960: 28).\nMale genitalia described and illustrated in Freeman (1960: 39, fig. 49; as well as 1972: 692, Fig 21).\nThe food plant of this species, limber pine (Pinus flexilis) is not consumed by any other Argyresthia in Alberta. Morphologically it is closely related to A. calliphanes, which is larger and feeds on alder.\n" 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4694-Habitat 4694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Restricted in its distribution to the narrow range of the food plant, limber pine." 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4694-LifeCycle 4694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The species is a needle miner. ""The late instar larva ties the needles into a bundle and mines two or more of them, starting below the middle of the needle, and mining toward the apex for a distance of approximately the central third ... Frass is ejected through the mine entrance. At maturity, the larva constructs a new bundle, within which it pupates in a dense, white cocoon"" (Freeman 1960: 29)." 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4694-TrophicStrategy 4694 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Type material was reared from larvae on limber pine, Pinus flexilis James (Freeman 1960). Damage on mined needles is illustrated in Freeman (1960: 48; fig. 67)." 6/10/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5860-ConservationStatus 5860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not at risk (COSEWIC, June 2005)." 4/11/06 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5860-Cyclicity 5860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult males and females collected from April to July (Dondale & Redner, 1990)." 4/11/06 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5860-Distribution 5860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Pardosa modica has been collected from the southern part of the Yukon Territory in Canada, east to Nova Scotia, and south to Connecticut in the United States (Dondale & Redner, 1990)." 4/11/06 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5860-GeneralDescription 5860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pardosa modica is similar to other Pardosa, with a brown carapace that has a broken light brown to yellow (Kronestedt, 1981), or reddish (Chamberlin, 1908), band down the middle, and continuous lateral bands of similar colour, which are wider in the female. There are also two light spots just behind the eyes. The sternum is dark brown with a light, but indistinct median stripe (Kronestedt, 1981), bordered by black lines (Chamberlin, 1908). The chelicerae are light brown to yellow with darker streaks. The abdomen is grayish brown on top and mottled on the sides, and has a row of irregular black marks along each side (Kronesdtedt, 1981). The underside may have no markings, or two dark lines running down the middle and converging at the end of the abdomen, and sometimes an additional dark line running down each side (Chamberlin, 1908). The legs are light brown and, unlike some Pardosa, do not have rings. Instead, the femora have light longitudinal streaks (Kronestedt, 1981). Males (length = 6.71 +/- 0.51 mm) are only slightly shorter than females (length = 6.93 +/- 0.45 mm), and female carapace width (2.27 +/- 0.22 mm) seems to be narrower than male carapace width (2.41 +/- 0.21 mm) (Dondale & Redner, 1990). Characteristics of the male palp and the female epigynum must be used to distinguish P. modica from the other Pardosa. The palp is distinguished by its stout terminal apophysis, with the conductor situated distal to the basal margin of the apical division, and by its small median apophysis. The epigynum is distinguished by its atrium, which is about as wide as long, and by its median septum, which has a short, narrowed anterior, with the anterior margins of the cavity sclerites extending anterolaterally (Dondale & Redner, 1990)." 4/11/06 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5860-Habitat 5860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta collected near a pond in the Hay Lakes area in the central region of the province. 4/11/06 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5860-LifeCycle 5860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Likely produces more than one egg sac, and has a two-year life cycle in the northern part of its range, and a one-year life cycle in the southern part of its range (Pickavance, 2001)." 4/11/06 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5860-TrophicStrategy 5860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like other wolf spiders, Pardosa modica hunts actively, by pouncing on prey and holding it with its front legs, while mashing it up with its chelicerae (Gertsch, 1979), and is a general predator on arthropods, including insects and other spiders." 4/11/06 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5861-ConservationStatus 5861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not at risk (COSEWIC, June 2005)." 4/11/06 8:57 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5861-Cyclicity 5861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Males collected May to July, females and egg sacs from June to October (Dondale & Redner, 1990)." 4/11/06 8:57 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5861-Distribution 5861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Pardosa uintana occurs across Canada and the northern United Sates, from Alaska in the northwest, to Newfoundland in the east, south to Utah, Colorado, and New England (Dondale & Redner, 1990)." 4/11/06 8:57 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5861-GeneralDescription 5861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pardosa uintana looks similar to other Pardosa species, with a carapace that is dark brown to black, but which has a lighter band down the middle, and a dark, mottled abdomen. The legs are also dark brown, but become paler towards the tips and have indistinct, black rings (Lowrie & Dondale, 1981). The sternum is dark and the chelicerae light brown. Females and males have similar colouration, but females (length = 6.27 +/- 0.73 mm) are longer than males (length = 5.69 +/- 0.40 mm). Females also have a larger carapace width (2.24+/-0.09 mm) than males (2.18+/-0.13 mm)(Dondale & Redner, 1990). Pardosa uintana can be distinguished from other Pardosa by the shape of the epigynum in females and the palp in males. The epigynum is unique because of its lateral swellings that converge posteriorly, and because of its ovoid spermathecae, which are more than twice as long as they are wide, and which can best be seen after dissection. The palp is unique because of its tegulum, which can be seen from a side view to protrude greatly at the base (Lowrie & Dondale, 1981), and also because of its stout embolus, which has a helical tip, and its median apophysis with a short, slender, curved distal process (Dondale & Redner, 1990)." 4/11/06 8:57 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5861-Habitat 5861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Spruce and fir forests, sphagnum bogs, lichen mats near streams, and alpine tundra." 4/11/06 8:57 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5861-LifeCycle 5861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Egg sacs have 41-57 eggs, and more than one sac may be produced (Lowrie & Dondale, 1981)." 4/11/06 8:57 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5861-TrophicStrategy 5861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like other wolf spiders, Pardosa uintana hunts actively, by pouncing on prey and holding it with its front legs, while mashing it up with its chelicerae (Gertsch, 1979) and is a general predator on arthropods, including insects and other spiders." 4/11/06 8:57 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4483-ConservationStatus 4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare and local in Alberta, but widespread to the east." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4483-Cyclicity 4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly during mid June in Alberta. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4483-Distribution 4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "East-central Alberta east to Nova Scotia, south to Georgia and Illinois (McGuffin 1987)." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4483-GeneralDescription 4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-sized geometrid with orange-brown forewings marked with dark AM and PM lines and a discal spot; hindwing paler, with reduced PM line.\nSimilar to P. phlogosaria but alcoolaria has a straight, not curved PM line, possesses a forewing discal spot and is paler overall with a more speckled appearance.\n" 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4483-Habitat 4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist deciduous and mixedwood forest. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4483-LifeCycle 4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae are twig mimics, and are very similar to those of P. phlogosaria. Pupae overwinter (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light, and may also be active during the day. This species is rare in Alberta." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4483-TrophicStrategy 4483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Prentice (1963) indicates that larvae feed primarily on birch (Betula spp.). 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4484-ConservationStatus 4484 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4484-Cyclicity 4484 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The peak flight in Alberta is from mid May to early June. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4484-Distribution 4484 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Coastal BC east to Newfoundland, south from NWT to NC and CA (McGuffin 1987)." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4484-GeneralDescription 4484 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-sized geometrid with rich, orange-brown wings marked with dark AM and PM lines, the later bordered with pinkish-purple distally. Hindwings slightly paler, with coarse black speckling at the anal angle.\nSimilar to P. alcoolaria, which has a straight PM line, a forewing discal spot, and is paler overall with a more speckled appearance. P. phlogosaria may have two broods in the southern parts of the province. Munroe (1959) described the subspecies bowmanaria from specimens from the Edmonton region. \n" 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4484-Habitat 4484 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forests and woodlands. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4484-LifeCycle 4484 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Caterpillar grey with light brown and white speckling, with abdominal and thoracic humps, giving it the appearance of a short twig. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to lights." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4484-TrophicStrategy 4484 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on willow (Salix), alders (Alnus), birch (Betula)and hazel (Corylus) (Prentice 1963)." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3856-ConservationStatus 3856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3856-Cyclicity 3856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid July through early September. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3856-Distribution 3856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Newfoundland west across the boreal forest to Alaska, south in the east to northern New England and southern Canada west to southern British Columbia; south in the mountains to New Mexico, Arizona and Utah. In Alberta, it has been collected mainly in the southern boreal forest and parklands regions, from the Red Deer River (Tolman Bridge) north to Fort McMurray; apparently rare or absent in the foothills and mountains." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3856-GeneralDescription 3856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.4 cm wingspan) dark brown moth with black markings. The prothoracic collar has several narrow dark and light bands. The forewings are dark chocolate or blackish brown., with doubled black basal and antemedian lines and a single, scalloped PM line. The area proximal to and between the orbicular and reniform is black, and the reniform is incompletely lined inside with yellow-brown scales. The subterminal line is obscure, incompletely lined distally with contrasting yellow-brown scales. The terminal area and fringe are dark brown. Most of the markings stand out poorly against the dark ground. The hindwings are sooty brown, darker toward the margin and in females, with a dark discal bar and brown fringes. Very similar to dark brown specimens of E. declarata, which are slightly larger and paler. The hindwings of declarata males in particular are lighter and have dirty white or very light brown fringes. There are also minor differences in the genitalia (see Lafontaine, 1987)\n\nEuxoa campestris belongs to the subgenus Euxoa, characterized mainly by the shape of the vesica in males. Keys to the subgenera and species are provided in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3856-Habitat 3856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodland, meadows and cultivated areas." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3856-LifeCycle 3856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood. The adults are attracted to both light and sugar baits. The larvae, which are known only from lab-reared material, have little or no summer aestivation." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3856-TrophicStrategy 3856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Related species are general feeders on a variety of low-growing plants. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5430-Cyclicity 5430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens present in the Strickland Museum were collected in mid June. 6/3/05 8:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5430-Distribution 5430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Pyractomena dispersa occurs in central Alberta. In North America, it has been collected in scattered states and provinces, ranging from the Northwest Territories to Alabama, and from Maine to Idaho and Utah (Green 1957)." 6/3/05 8:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5430-GeneralDescription 5430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pyractomena dispersa (8-12.5mm long) at a glance closely resembles P. borealis, and like the larger species can be distinguished from all other Alberta lampyrids by the presence of light organs on the ventral abdomen of both the males and females. Female light organs are restricted to the edges of these abdominal segments. It can be distinguished from P. borealis by the secondary pubescence on the dorsal surface of the elytra. While longer primary pubescence sparsely covers the entire elytra of P. dispersa, the very small hairs comprising the secondary pubescence cover only the apical quarter of each elytron, making more of the elytra appear glabrous than in P. borealis. The pubescence may extend a little further along the elytral suture." 6/3/05 8:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5430-TrophicStrategy 5430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae of P. dispersa may feed on snails, like those of P. borealis (Archangelsky 1999) and P. lucifera (Arnett 2001), an eastern Pyractomena species." 6/3/05 8:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4258-ConservationStatus 4258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No special status (IUCN 2002). 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4258-Cyclicity 4258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge from July to September. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4258-Distribution 4258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic (Larson et al. 2000). This species is recorded from most of Alberta. Wide distribution through Boreal zones and Western Cordillera. Aleutian Islands, Alaska to Newfoundland, as far south as California and Arizona. Found at sea level in northern parts of range to increasingly higher elevations in southern part of range. One record from northwestern China; records from Soviet Union, east of Lake Baikal." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4258-GeneralDescription 4258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Large (29.7 to 40.0mm), broadly elongate (Larson et al. 2000). Black - some with green appearance. Basal antennal segments yellow, darker and reddish terminal segments. All pronotal margins bordered with yellow. Females with reddish or brown-black striae and black ridges. Reddish yellow or reddish ventral surface, except red metacoxa, medially brown-black metasternum, and black anterior and posterior margins of abdominal sterna. Brown-black or black sternal basolateral maculation - progressively smaller to posterior. Yellow or reddish legs." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4258-Habitat 4258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Permanent ponds in forested regions (Larson et al. 2000). Associated with aquatic macrophytes. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4258-LifeCycle 4258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinter as adults in permanent waters (Larson et al. 2000). Late fall or early spring mating. Univoltine (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985). Strong swimmers, hind legs move together while swimming. Adults attracted to lights." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4258-TrophicStrategy 4258 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory - active swimmers (Larson et al. 2000). Invertebrate and fish larvae prey. Records of larval cannibalism and predation on salamanders and snakes in Arizona (Holomuzki 1985, 1986)." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4567-ConservationStatus 4567 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4567-Cyclicity 4567 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight activity in Alberta is in late May. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4567-Distribution 4567 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "BC east to Newfoundland, from Norman wells, NWT south to FL and the Pacific Northwest US (McGuffin 1987, Miller & Hammond 2000)." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4567-GeneralDescription 4567 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This small geometrid is pale tan in ground colour with heavy brown markings, consisting of antemedian (AM) and postmedian (PM) lines, dark marginal shading, discal spots and often black marginal blotches. Probole are best recognized by the extended outward toothlike projection of the forewing PM line. \nVirtually identical to (and previously considered to be conspecific with) P. amicaria. The distinguishing trait in wing markings is the angle of the PM line above the ""tooth"": it is perpendicular to the wing margin where it meets the edge in alienaria, while in amicaria the line is directed more toward the wing apex, and is essentially perpendicualr to the anal (not the costal) margin. Some have treated P. aienaria and amicaria as forms of the same species (eg. McGuffin 1987). Ferguson (in Hodges 1981) treats them as separate species, and according to Handfield (1999), alienaria is a generalist feeder on deciduous shrubs while amicaria feeds only on species of dogwood (Cornus). There also appear to be differences in the male antennal structure among some populations, at least in eastern North America (Handfield 1999). This interesting situation certainly warrants further research in Alberta. \n" 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4567-Habitat 4567 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Deciduous and mixedwood forests, woodlands and shrubby areas." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4567-LifeCycle 4567 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The caterpillar is a twig mimic, and extremely variable in colouration, ranging from green to reddish or tan and brown. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light, but are also diurnal. Not uncommon in forest habitats with a diverse shrubby understory." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4567-TrophicStrategy 4567 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, and occasionally balsam fir (Abies) and tamarack (Larix)(Prentice 1963)." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5862-ConservationStatus 5862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not at risk (COSEWIC, June 2005)" 4/11/06 8:58 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5862-Cyclicity 5862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Males collected April to July, females April to October, and egg sacs late May to October." 4/11/06 8:58 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5862-Distribution 5862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Pardosa xerampelina occurs all across Canada and most of the United States, from Alaska, east to Newfoundland, and south to Oregon, New Mexico and West Virginia (Dondale & Redner, 1986)." 4/11/06 8:58 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5862-GeneralDescription 5862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pardosa xerampelina is similar to other Pardosa with a carapace that is dark brown to black, but which has several radiating black lines (Dondale & Redner, 1986, 1990), and may have a pale, reddish median area which is widest around the dorsal groove, and is more prominent in females. Females also have pale submarginal bands. The sternum is also nearly black, but may have a pale median line (Chamberlin, 1908). The legs have femora that are dark brown and may have broad, but indistinct black rings (especially females), but the ends of the legs are a lighter brownish orange. The chelicerae are dark brown, but paler toward the middle. The abdomen is dark reddish-brown to black, and may have a dull red heart mark (Dondale & Redner, 1986, 1990), or a series of brown chevron-like markings (Chamberlin, 1908). Females (length = 6.76 +/- 0.78 mm) are longer than males (length = 6.26 +/- 0.49 mm), and are slightly larger-bodied in general; female carapace width = 2.66 +/- 0.27 mm, while male carapace width = 2.42 +/- 0.15 mm (Dondale & Redner, 1986, 1990). The male palp has an embolus that is long and stout at the base, but slender and slightly curved distally. The palpal character distinguishing male Pardosa xerampelina from other Pardosa is an elongate median apophysis which, from a ventral view, conceals most of the embolus. The epigynal characters distinguishing female P. xerampelina from other Pardosa are shallow hood cavities that are not directed mesally, and a median septum that widens anteriorly (Dondale & Redner, 1986, 1990)." 4/11/06 8:58 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5862-Habitat 5862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Short grass, dry stony river beds, lakeshores, farm fields, open deciduous forests, sphagnum bogs." 4/11/06 8:58 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5862-LifeCycle 5862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No relationship between Pardosa xerampelina abundance and soil moisture was found in a study of habitat affinities of spiders living near a freshwater pond (Graham et al., 2003). This spider decreases in relative abundance with increasing forest stand age (Buddle et al., 2000)." 4/11/06 8:58 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5862-TrophicStrategy 5862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like other wolf spiders, Pardosa xerampelina hunts actively, by pouncing on prey and holding it with its front legs, while mashing it up with its chelicerae (Gertsch, 1979) and is a general predator on arthropods, including insects and other spiders." 4/11/06 8:58 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5863-ConservationStatus 5863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not at risk (COSEWIC, June 2005)." 4/11/06 9:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5863-Cyclicity 5863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Males found April to August, females May to October, and egg sacs May to mid-October." 4/11/06 9:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5863-Distribution 5863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Pardosa moesta occurs throughout Canada and the northern United States, from Alaska, east to Newfoundland, and south to Utah, Colorado, and Tennessee (Dondale & Redner, 1990)." 4/11/06 9:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5863-GeneralDescription 5863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pardosa moesta looks somewhat different from other Pardosa, in that its carapace is shiny and dark (especially the eye area) and reddish brown, with a number of black lines radiating from the dorsal groove. The female often has pale median and submarginal bands. The sternum is also dark, reddish brown (Dondale & Redner, 1987) to black (Chamberlin, 1908). The chelicerae are dark orange, with 3 retromarginal teeth, and numerous tiny, black-tipped tubercles laterally, which distinguish this species from other, similar species. The legs are dark orange and paler towards the tips, usually with long dark streaks on the first and second pairs of legs in the male, and sometimes dark rings on the second and third pairs of legs. The abdomen is dull reddish mottled with black and brown, with a reddish heart mark (Dondale & Redner, 1987). The underside has one median and two lateral, irregular lines running to a point at the end of the abdomen (Chamberlin, 1908). Pardosa moesta is one of the smaller Pardosa species, with female length 5.64 +/- 0.57 mm and male length 4.95 +/- 0.40 mm. Female carapace width is 1.91 +/- 0.14 mm, and male carapace width is 1.82 +/- 0.23 mm wide. The palpal characteristics that distinguish this Pardosa moesta are a palea with a prominent, hooked process, and a terminal apophysis with 2 teeth. The distinguishing epigynal characteristics are an atrium that is expanded at both ends, epigynal hood cavities that are well separated, and a more or less rectangular transverse part of the median septum. Dissection will show that the spermathecae are large, ovoid, and covered with tiny nodules (Dondale & Redner, 1987)." 4/11/06 9:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5863-Habitat 5863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Meadows, hayfields, marshes, bogs, urban lawns, tidal beach drift, deciduous and coniferous forests." 4/11/06 9:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5863-LifeCycle 5863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "One density estimate in a central Alberta deciduous forest was 0.88 females per square metre. In the same study of density, fecundity and life cycle of Pardosa moesta (Buddle, 2000), males and females were found to be most active from mid-May to early June, especially on warm days. First instar juveniles weighed 0.45 +/- 0.03 mg in mid-July, and gained 2.8 times their weight by September. Pardosa moesta has a two-year life cycle in Alberta (Buddle, 2000) and in Newfoundland (Pickavance, 2001), but may have a shorter, one-year life cycle in the more southerly parts of its range.\nPardosa moesta made up 35% of the spiders collected in pitfall traps near a meadow pond in central Alberta (Graham et al., 2003), with highest capture rates between 2 m and 10 m from the shore, and one specimen even caught on the water surface in a floating pitfall trap! This spider is an open-habitat specialist, and increases in abundance following disturbances, such as forest fire or harvesting, which open up the forest canopy (Buddle et al., 2000). Pardosa moesta tends to prefer younger stand types." 4/11/06 9:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5863-TrophicStrategy 5863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like other wolf spiders, Pardosa moesta hunts actively, by pouncing on prey and holding it with its front legs, while mashing it up with its chelicerae (Gertsch, 1979) and is a general predator on arthropods, including insects and other spiders." 4/11/06 9:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3857-ConservationStatus 3857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species. No concerns." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3857-Cyclicity 3857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from early July through August. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3857-Distribution 3857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From the Dakotas and southwestern Manitoba west to central western BC, north to the Northwest Territories and south in the mountains to Arizona and New Mexico. Euxoa castanea occurs throughout much of Alberta, but is most commonly collected in wooded areas across the southern half of the province, and in particular in the foothills and mountains." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3857-GeneralDescription 3857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.5-3.8 cm wingspan) with dark chestnut brown forewings dusted with black scales. The subterminal area is usually lighter in color than the median area, and the terminal area is dark grey brown. The costa and cubital vein are much lighter and contrasting buff or silvery white. The reniform spot and oval orbicular spot are also buff or silver white, with pale grey centers. The basal dash and claviform spots are black, as is the area between the reniform and orbicular spot in most specimens. The hindwings are grey-brown, with a dark discal mark. The antennae of males are biserrate and bifasciculate, and females are simple (filiform). The chestnut color of the forewings and the pale cubital vein will separate castanea from the similar but dark grey or brown E. idahoensis. It belongs to the E. detersa group of the genus Euxoa." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3857-Habitat 3857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry woodlands, including aspen, Lodgepole pine and mixedwood forests." 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3857-LifeCycle 3857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are attracted to light. There is a single brood each year. 11/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4191-ConservationStatus 4191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Few records for Alberta; more survey work is needed, but not likely to be of concern." 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4191-Cyclicity 4191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults are present mid May to late June. 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4191-Distribution 4191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to west-central Alberta, south to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin (McGuffin 1977)." 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4191-GeneralDescription 4191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized, rust brown and orange day-flying geometrid; large plumose antennae will separate amitaria from look-alikes: Scopula sentinaria is smaller, has less prominently pectinate antennae and flies later in the year." 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4191-Habitat 4191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal peat bogs. 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4191-LifeCycle 4191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are described in detail by McGuffin (1977). As the common name suggests, this species is sometimes a pest of cranberry crops and other heaths in eastern North America. Eggs hatch in about ten days, and the larval period lasts 34 to 43 days. Pupae overwinter among debris on the ground (Franklin in McGuffin 1977). Usually found only in peat bogs" 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4191-TrophicStrategy 4191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed primarily on heaths such as Ledum, Vaccinium, Rhododendron, Kalmia, Chamaedaphne, and occasionally on rosaceous plants such as Spiraea and Rubus (Ferguson 1955, McGuffin 1977). Host plant use in Alberta has not been documented" 1/2/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4716-ConservationStatus 4716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is considered a major forest pest throughout its range. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4716-Cyclicity 4716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults flight period is from late May through July. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4716-Distribution 4716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This beetle is found across Canada. It is also found in the US in Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New Yprk, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Washington and West Yirginia. It has been introduced in Ireland." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4716-GeneralDescription 4716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The frons of this species has coarse punctures and close granules. Its male genitalia, galleries and host allow it to be distinguished from its closest ally, D. murrayanae.\n" 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4716-Habitat 4716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Weak, overmature or downed trees with a DBH more than 20 cm.; during outbreaks any spruce tree." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4716-LifeCycle 4716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species can overwinter in any life stage. Adult hibernation has been given credit for allowing this species to become acclimatized to colder weather. Activity will begin in the spring as the local weather begins to warm. Life cycles can range from 1 to 4 years depending on local climate, a two year lifecycle is most common. Galleries are excavated in the phloem parallel to the grain of the wood. These galleries average between 13 to 23 cm, this species does more engraving than most Dendroctonus species. After the attack mating will occur and oviposition will begin within a week. Approximately 115 eggs will be laid per gallery, egg niches are excavated with longer niches containing more eggs. The eggs are partitioned from the main gallery by frass. Incubation may last up to 4 weeks at higher elevations. The newly hatched larvae will feed in groups and then overwinter. The larvae complete development the following spring and will then pupate for 10 to 15 days. New adults will then emerge and begin to excavate new galleries." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4716-TrophicStrategy 4716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species feeds on a wide range of Picea spp. throughout its range. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5100-ConservationStatus 5100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An introduced species. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5100-Cyclicity 5100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta specimens have been collected in late June and July. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5100-Distribution 5100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern Europe to Siberia. Apparently accidentally introduced on both the east and west coasts of Canada; reported in the east from New Brunswick to Ontario, and in the west from BC. First collected in Alberta at Taber and Edmonton in 2004." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5100-GeneralDescription 5100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (3.0-3.5 cm wingspan) rich brown moth. The round orbicular spot, reniform spot and broad subterminal band are dark brown. A faint red-orange streak runs through the orbicular and reniform spots. The hindwings are dirty white, with a fine dark terminal line and a dark discal spot. Antennae simple. Sexes essentially alike. The brown-on-brown forewing color is unusual in Alberta noctuid moths." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5100-Habitat 5100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Treed areas; urban gardens and yards. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5100-TrophicStrategy 5100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Various low plants, including dandelions (Taraxacum) and nettles (Urtica)." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5823-Distribution 5823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Mountainous areas of western Alberta, southeast British Columbia, Montana, and Idaho." 2/15/06 10:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5823-GeneralDescription 5823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body of these insects is small and pale. They have small eyes made up of about 70 ommatidia and have filiform antennae with 28 or 29 segments, the basal segment being larger than the others. The pronotum is slightly convex, and is longer than it is broad. The abdomen widens from the base to the fifth segment (which is wider than the head), narrowing considerably in three apical segments. The cerci have 8 segments, which become progressively longer towards the apex. In males, the supra-anal plate is roughly triangular, which also has dimensions wider than long. The subgenital plate bears two large, slightly concave, hairy styli as well. Females are 30-34 mm long, covered in a fine pubescence, and have ovipositors shorter than the hind femur. \nFor specimens from known localities, the best method of distinguishing species is geographically, because no subspecies are sympatric. See genus Grylloblatta for general characteristics." 2/15/06 10:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5823-Habitat 5823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Cold damp locations near mountain tree lines, periphery of glacial bogs and often among rock scree." 2/15/06 10:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5823-LifeCycle 5823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Within the general habitat, they can be found in damp areas such as in moss or decaying wood, and hide during the day in rock crevices. Specimens have been discovered deeper than one metre deep in rock debris, and at lower elevations in spruce-fir and cedar-hemlock forests, both in clear-cut and uncut locations. These insects require high humidity and a temperature of ~ 3.7°C to function optimally, and they prefer uniformly heated areas and high humidity. Henson (1957) calculated the whole life cycle to take approximately 7 years; nymphs reach maturity in five years, but females lay eggs only after another year." 2/15/06 10:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5823-TrophicStrategy 5823 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults and juveniles are omnivorous. Adults feed on wingless crane flies (Chionea obtusa), as well as collembola, microcoryphia, oribatid mites, adult diptera, aphids, and staphylinids. Juveniles also consume other arthropods. These insects have also been observed eating moss and decaying vegetation. They can survive long periods of starvation. In captivity, juveniles have been kept alive up to eighteen months without food. Cannibalism has been observed in individuals kept in captivity." 2/15/06 10:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5952-ConservationStatus 5952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/4/07 14:26 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5952-Cyclicity 5952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge and begin to fly in mid June to early July. 1/4/07 14:26 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5952-Distribution 5952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Most of Northern United States and Canada (Shetlar 2006). Recorded Alberta specimen was collected in Edmonton. 1/4/07 14:26 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5952-GeneralDescription 5952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Small sized Endothenia species. Alberta specimens show a distinctive forewing pattern of alternating brown and white vertical bars. Generally these moths exhibit grayish-brown colors with a wingspan of approximately 1/2 inch (Spackman 1991). 1/4/07 14:26 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5952-Habitat 5952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Likely forests or other areas with spruce trees present, since this species shows a strong association with spruce trees (Spackman 1991 and Shetlar 2006)." 1/4/07 14:26 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5952-LifeCycle 5952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae over winter in constructed nests made up of live and dead spruce needles. Nests are usually found at the base of large branches where the thickest growth occurs. Females lay between 2-8 eggs beside a needle, which hatch in about 10 days. The larvae usually pupate in late May to early June and adults emerge approximately two weeks later. (Spackman 1991). One generation per year (Cranshaw et. al. 1994)." 1/4/07 14:26 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5952-TrophicStrategy 5952 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae hosts include a variety of spruce tree species (Shetlar 2006). The larvae feed on the entire contents of spruce needles (Spackman 1991). However, the larvae only feed on dead needles (Shetlar 2006)." 1/4/07 14:26 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4917-ConservationStatus 4917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4917-Cyclicity 4917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid May through July. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4917-Distribution 4917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Transcontinental in both Eurasia (ssp. signaria) and North America (ssp. dispuncta). In North America found across the boreal forest and mountains in Canada from Newfoundland and Labrador to Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlottes; south in the east to Georgia and Alabama. In Alberta found wherever native conifers are present. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4917-GeneralDescription 4917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (2.0-2.8 cm wingspan) broad winged geometrid moth. The fringe on the upper third of the forewing is dark, resulting in the forewings appearing slightly pointed or falcate. They are dull powdery brownish grey or grey over a dirty white ground, crossed by fine dark antemedian, median, and postmedian lines, and with a small dark spot or blotch just distad to and midway down the postmedian line. The hind wing is dirty white, heavily speckled and blotched with dark grey, with two partial faint crosslines, most prominent where they meet the inner margin, and with a fine black discal dot. There is a narrow dark terminal line, and the light brownish fringe is checked with dark scales at the veins. The larvae reach a length of about 25 mm. The head is yellow-green with darker herringbone pattern. Body is light to medium green with grey and white lines along the back and sides. The larva is described and illustrated in color in both Wagner (2001) and Wong and Ives (op. cit).\n\nAdults are very similar to those of M. submarmorata, sexpunctata, unipunctaria, and banksiana. M. unipunctaria and banksiana are restricted to the mountains along the western edge of the province. Sexmaculata is smaller in size and is found only in association with Larch (Larix laricina). Previously known as Semiothisa granitata. \n" 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4917-Habitat 4917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Coniferous and mixedwood forest; bogs, etc." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4917-LifeCycle 4917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, which overwinter in the pupal stage Up to about 150 eggs, usually at the base of needles or on strands of Alectoria lichen. Eggs hatch in 5-14 days, and there are 5 or occasionally 6 larval instars (McGuffin, 1972). The adults are nocturnal and come to light." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4917-TrophicStrategy 4917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy " Most conifers; including fir (Abies), larch (Larix), spruce (Picea), pine (Pinus), hemlock (Tsuga) and Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5126-Distribution 5126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ontario west to the Rocky Mountains, north to northern Alberta, south to the northern states in the east. Widespread in the grasslands and parklands of Alberta, local west in the mountains to Jasper National Park and in the boreal forest north to the Lake Athabasca dunes region. Holland (1903) stated this species (as Hadena transfrons Neum.) occurs in Alberta and BC, but we are unaware of any confirmed BC records." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5126-GeneralDescription 5126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-small (2.8-3.2 cm wingspan) but robust moth. The forewings are a rather complex and attractive rust-red on the basal two-thirds with some dark and light scales. The orbicular and reniform are outlined with lighter scales and partially filled with rusty orange. The distal third is light grey-white with greenish-yellow along the distal part of the light area. The area beyond the terminal line forms a narrow dark red-brown terminal band. The fringes are paler and lightly checkered with paler scales at the weins. The hindwings are sooty black, darker on the outer half beyond the faint black median line. The fringe is tipped with white. The thorax is light rusty green and the abdomen brownish-orange. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. Paler and more purplish forms resembling O. bridghami sometimes also occur." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5126-Habitat 5126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "arid and mesic woodland edges, dunes, arid and other native grasslands" 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5126-LifeCycle 5126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Almost nothing is known. There is a single brood that flies in late summer. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The host or hosts are apparently unknown. It has been collected in both arid and mesic woodland edges, dunes, arid and other native grasslands." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4800-GeneralDescription 4800 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "D. Macaulay image" 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2655-ConservationStatus 2655 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2655-Cyclicity 2655 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year, appearing in early spring (April to May) and again in August to October." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2655-Distribution 2655 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ranges from the southeastern Yukon south and east through the boreal region to Newfoundland and New England (Layberry et al. 1998), south in the West to New Mexico and California (Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2655-GeneralDescription 2655 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The dark, two-toned underside, with a dark basal half and lighter outer half, is most similar to the Oreas and Grey Commas (P. oreas and P. progne). In gracilis, the submarginal spots on the hindwing upperside are diffuse, not well-defined and surrounded by a dark area as in progne. Gracilis also has a more 'contrasty' underside than progne. In the foothills south of the Crowsnest Pass, gracilis can be tricky to separate from the Oreas Comma; The Hoary has wing fringes that are more lobed than angulate, and lacks the patches of white wing fringes. It has a grey rather than grey-brown underside. \nSubspecies zephyrus occurs in at least parts of Alberta, which is by some considered to be a species separate from gracilis (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Layberry et al. (1998) and Scott (1986) treat them as one species, and Norbert Kondla has also appraised this situation with similar conclusions. Some Alberta populations do not look like any described subspecies (Layberry et al. 1998, Kondla pers. com.). \n" 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2655-Habitat 2655 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A species of foothills and boreal forests, particularly moist coniferous forest openings." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2655-LifeCycle 2655 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The mature larvae are predominantly black with branched spines and black heads, with the back of the front half reddish (Guppy & Shepard 2001). The dorsum of the back half is white. Pupae can be either light or dark brown, possibly reflecting the sex of the individual, with females being dark (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Like other commas, adults emerge in late summer, are active until fall, then enter hibernation in sheltered areas such as hollow logs and buildings. Adults emerge from hibernation in spring, when they mate and reproduce (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2655-TrophicStrategy 2655 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on currants, gooseberries (Ribes spp.) and white rhododendron (Rhododendron albiflorum) in BC (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2656-ConservationStatus 2656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Conservation status unknown. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2656-Cyclicity 2656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One brood per year in Canada, occurring in May to June and again in August and September." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2656-Distribution 2656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily a species of the eastern and central US, reaching southern Canada from Newfoundland to southeastern Saskatchewan (Scott 1986, Layberry et al. 1998). The sole Alberta record is from a specimen collected on 14 May 1978 at Joy Mountain, Blackfoot Hills, 12 mi. SSW of Lloydminster by J. Smith (Kondla 1998).\n \n\n\nBlackfoot Hills near Lloydminster (Layberry et al. 1998)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2656-GeneralDescription 2656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The large size (wingspan 45 to 68 mm), long, thin tails and violet edging to the wings easily distinguish the Question Mark from other Polygonia in the province." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2656-Habitat 2656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Usually found near woodlands; only one Alberta record, near Lloydminster." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2656-LifeCycle 2656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The pale green eggs are laid singly or in stacks of up to eight on young leaves of the hostplant (Scott 1986). The larvae are spiny and variable in colour, usually black with white dots, reddish brown lateral lines, and yellow dorsal lines (Scott 1986). The pupa can also be quite variable, ranging in colour from yellow- to reddisah brown or green with a mettalic gold or silver spot near the middle (Scott 1986). \nThis species is multi-brooded in the southern parts of its range, but in Canada there is only one yearly generation (Layberry et al. 1998). It appears that the Question Mark may migrate southward in the fall to overwinter, returning in the spring (Layberry et al. 1998), unlike other members of this genus which do not migrate.\nIt is unclear if the single Alberta record represents a stray individual or an accidental introduction, and field work needed to establish the status of this species.\n" 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2656-TrophicStrategy 2656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), elm (Ulmus spp.) and hops (Humulus lupulus) (Layberry et al. 1998). Adults rarely visit flowers, instead preferring sap flows from injured tree trunks, carrion and mammal scat." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3142-ConservationStatus 3142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3142-Cyclicity 3142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late May to late August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3142-Distribution 3142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extends from British Columbia and Alberta, south to California and Wyoming." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3142-GeneralDescription 3142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are brown with each article annulated distally dark brown. The vertex of the head is a very dark brown. Legs are yellow with brown spurs. The lobes of segment 10 in males are without meso-dorsal processes. Clasper's distal article is indented on the distal edge (Nimmo, 1971).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3142-Habitat 3142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A large variety of mountain streams and rivers. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3142-TrophicStrategy 3142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3143-ConservationStatus 3143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very rare. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3143-Cyclicity 3143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Only one collection record in Alberta, July 23." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3143-Distribution 3143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has been collected only from one location in Alberta, Maligne Canyon, Jasper (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3143-GeneralDescription 3143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult body, head, palpi and antennae are yellowish with luteous legs and spurs. There is an acuminate process along the posterior edge of segment 9, in males. The postero-dorsal corner of segment 10 and the disto-dorsal corner of the distal article on the clasper, have acuminate processes as well (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3143-Habitat 3143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Collected from fairly fast moving waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3143-TrophicStrategy 3143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5877-ConservationStatus 5877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 5/29/06 10:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5877-Cyclicity 5877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults active from April to September (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 10:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5877-Distribution 5877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Monochamus s. scutellatus can be found from Alaska to Newfoundland and as southernly as Arizona. Monochamus s. oregonensis is located from British Columbia to California (Bousquet, 1991; Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 10:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5877-GeneralDescription 5877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Moderate to large size (13-27 mm) with shinny black integument. Relatively hairless, but if hair present usually brownish. Antennae extending 6 segments or more beyond elytra in males and only 2-3 segments beyond the elytra in females. Lateral projections of pronotum large and blunt. Scutellum covered in white hairs. Females are larger than males (not including antennae) and elytra covered in patches of white hair. The subspecies Monochamus s. scutellatus is characterized by metallic looking integument and reddish legs. The other subspecies, Monochamus s. oregonensis, is distinguished by lacking metallic looking integument, females with white patches on antennae and lacking hairs on elytra, and legs black. (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984; Yanega, 1996).\nRoyal Alberta Museum page" 5/29/06 10:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5877-Habitat 5877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forests. 5/29/06 10:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5877-LifeCycle 5877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle can take 1 to 2 years to complete, but usually 2 in the more colder areas. Adults emerge around April to June. They will then feed on coniferous foliage and bark until mating occurs. Females will deposit eggs into slits they have chewed into the bark. The larvae will emerge in around 2 weeks and begin feeding. The larvae will overwinter and then make their back to the surface, creating a u-shaped excavation tunnel. They will then pupate near the surface and adults will emerge next spring. (Ives and Wong, 1988; Raske, 1972). Monochamus scutellatus can cause serious defoliation around large clear cut areas (Ives and Wong, 1988)." 5/29/06 10:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5877-TrophicStrategy 5877 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Host plants include pine, true firs, Douglas fir and tamarack (Linsley and Chemsak, 1997)." 5/29/06 10:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5878-ConservationStatus 5878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not on provincial or federal (COSEWIC) lists for species at risk. 5/29/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5878-Cyclicity 5878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults active January until November (Anderson 1987). 5/29/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5878-Distribution 5878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada this beetle is found in Alberta east through Manitoba. In the USA it is found in California, Nebraska, and Kansas to west Texas (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5878-GeneralDescription 5878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "According to Anderson (1987, Fig. 144c), C. frontalis has denticles on female fore tibia. Irregular patches of larger white scales (not vittate) on elytra (Anderson 1987). Hindwing longer than elytra (Anderson 1987). Prementum of rostrum is ventrally swollen and rostrum cross-section circular (Anderson 1987, Fig. 144b). No curved sulcus (groove) behind the eye (as in C. poricollis) (Anderson 1987). Developed postocular lobes (vs. C. trivitattus) (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5878-Habitat 5878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland to desert; elevations between 339-3130 m (Anderson 1987). 5/29/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5878-LifeCycle 5878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle No specific information for C. frontalis; however Cleoninae larvae mine plant roots (Anderson 1987). A similar species (C. trivitattus) is monophagous; adults feed on the same host plant as the larvae (Thompson et al. 1995). 5/29/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5878-TrophicStrategy 5878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Anderson (1987) suggests associations with Atriplex sp. (saltbush) and Melilotus sp. (sweet clover). 5/29/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5879-ConservationStatus 5879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not listed with COSEWIC or Alberta species at risk. 5/29/06 11:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5879-Cyclicity 5879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults active June through November (Anderson 1987). 5/29/06 11:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5879-Distribution 5879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widely distributed throughout the southernmost part of Alberta and Manitoba, continuing south through Wyoming and Colorado (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 11:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5879-GeneralDescription 5879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Distinct curved sulcus (groove) posterior to the eye, can be obscured by postocular lobe (Anderson 1987, Fig. 150a). Scales on the elytra are sparse and vittate (Anderson 1987). Hindwing less than half elytra length (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 11:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5879-Habitat 5879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grassland to desert, elevations of sea level to 4004 m (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 11:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5879-LifeCycle 5879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The widest distribution of Cleonidius weevils (Anderson 1987). 5/29/06 11:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5879-TrophicStrategy 5879 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Multiple host plant associations including Chenopodiaceae (goosefoot family), Compositae (aster family), Cruciferae (mustard/cabbage family), Leguminosae (pea family) and Rosaceae (rose family) (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 11:54 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5880-ConservationStatus 5880 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Cleonidius puberulus is not listed with COSEWIC or Alberta species at risk. 5/29/06 11:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5880-Cyclicity 5880 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults active April through October (Anderson 1987). 5/29/06 11:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5880-Distribution 5880 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Recorded in the southernmost part of Alberta and Manitoba, continuing south through Wyoming and Colorado (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 11:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5880-GeneralDescription 5880 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Rostrum quite broad (Anderson 1987, Fig. 147b). Hind leg tarsi with small hairy pads on the ventral surface (Anderson 1987). Hindwing less than half elytra length (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 11:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5880-Habitat 5880 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A grassland species, elevations of 1369-2607 m (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 11:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5880-LifeCycle 5880 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Sympatric with C. frontalis (Anderson 1987). Sister species to C. infrequens which occurs in the USA (Anderson 1987). Cleonidius larvae mine plant roots (Anderson 1987). 5/29/06 11:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5880-TrophicStrategy 5880 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No definitive hosts known but has been associated with Cruciferae (Anderson 1987). 5/29/06 11:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5881-ConservationStatus 5881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not currently listed on COSEWIC or Alberta species at risk. 5/29/06 13:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5881-Cyclicity 5881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults active year-round (Anderson 1987). 5/29/06 13:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5881-Distribution 5881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In southern Canada this beetle is found in British Columbia east through Manitoba. In the USA it is found in California, South Dakota, Kansas and west Texas (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 13:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5881-GeneralDescription 5881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are cryptically coloured in black to light tan; lines on the dorsal surface aid in camouflage (Pomerinke et al. 1995). No sexual dimorphism (Pomerinke et al.). Elytra greater than 0.55 times longer than wide (Anderson 1987). Hair like scales on pronotal disc are short and flaccid (Anderson 1987, Fig. 153a)." 5/29/06 13:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5881-Habitat 5881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grassland to desert-grassland species, elevations of 131-3640 m (Anderson 1987)." 5/29/06 13:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5881-LifeCycle 5881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "According to Pomerinke et al. (1995), C. trivittatus overwinters in the egg stage. Eggs are round, yellow and approximately 3 mm in size (Pomerinke et al. 1995). Larvae feed on locoweed taproots and pupate underground on or near these roots. Adults feed in the afternoon and evening on the same host plant as the larvae (monophagous) (Pomerinke et al. 1995). This species is univoltine (one generation per year) and has 4 instars (Pomerinke et al. 1995)" 5/29/06 13:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5881-TrophicStrategy 5881 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Feed on Leguminosae especially locoweed (Astragalus sp.) (Anderson 1987). An important potential biological control agent in the USA for purple locoweed. Purple locoweed contains the poison swainsonine which causes damage to the nervous system of livestock (Thompson et al. 1995). 5/29/06 13:01 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5967-ConservationStatus 5967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not apparently threatened. 1/5/07 11:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5967-Cyclicity 5967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity May to August. Most Frequently collected July to August. 1/5/07 11:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5967-Distribution 5967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution New Brunswick to Alaska. Alaska south to West Virginia. 1/5/07 11:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5967-GeneralDescription 5967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elongate and moderately convex (Fall 1922). Dorsum of abdominal segments 4-7 medially black, abruptly changing to orange laterally (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Hardened fore wing (elytra) with 11th row (most lateral) of elytral punctures (stria) close to margin in apical half (posterior of body). Elytra shiny, lacking evident microreticulation. Apical margin of male genitalia (aedeagus) sinuate, basally flattened. Male length 5.0-5.9 mm and width 2.8-3.1 mm. Female length 6.0-6.5 mm and width 3.1-3.4 mm (Oygur and Wolfe 1991)." 1/5/07 11:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5967-Habitat 5967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat More likely to be collected from surface lentic waters. Also found on surface lotic waters. 1/5/07 11:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5967-LifeCycle 5967 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Has been collected in schools of mixed species also containing G. minuts, G. pectoralis, and G. picipes (Fall 1922)." 1/5/07 11:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5095-ConservationStatus 5095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5095-Cyclicity 5095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late April through early July. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5095-Distribution 5095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Labrador to BC; south to Wisconsin and Florida in the east and Colorado in the west. In Alberta it has been collected on the southern edge of the boreal forest in the Edmonton region. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5095-GeneralDescription 5095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small (1.8-2.0 cm wingspan) broad-winged dark grey and dark olive-green and black geometrid moth. The green color may fade to yellow in collections. The median and subterminal areas are somewhat darker, and the lower end of the postmedian line is doubled and has white scales. The hindwings are grey-brown with a faint median line and discal dot." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5095-Habitat 5095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature deciduous and mixedwood woodland. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5095-LifeCycle 5095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There appears to be a single brood. Adults come to light. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5095-TrophicStrategy 5095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on the flowering heads of Viburnum sp. (Handfield, 1999)." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4753-Cyclicity 4753 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been observed from June to October (McPherson and McPherson 2000). 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4753-Distribution 4753 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is widely distributed in the United States. In Canada this species has been recorded in Alberta, British Columbia, North West territories and Saskatchewan (Scudder and Thomas 1987). In Alberta, most records are from the southern region, with one in the north (Peace River)." 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4753-GeneralDescription 4753 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species has straight or reflexed anterolateral margins of the pronotum. Green scutellum with pale orange to red apex and without median, longitudinal yellow stripe. The costal margin of the corium and connexivum pale orange to red. The rostrum on this species reaches the posterior edge of the metasternum. This species exhibits minute purple flecks on the membrane. The pygophore has a central prominence subtended laterally by a pair of smaller prominences. Length 13-19 mm." 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4753-LifeCycle 4753 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The bugs appear to over-winter as adults, emerging in the spring to begin feeding and reproducing on wild hosts. This species will feed on stems and leaves but prefer immature seeds. As the wild hosts mature and dry, the bugs move to cultivated crops. The species appears to be bivoltine (McPherson and McPherson 2000)." 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4753-TrophicStrategy 4753 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species attacks cultivated crops including cotton, beans, alfalfa, peaches, grapes, peas, tomatoes, pepper, squash and corn (McPherson and McPherson 2000). In the United States this species has been found on wild hosts including blackberries (Rubus lacintus) and strawberries (Fragaria spp.) (Fish and Alcock 1973). This species has been reported as injuring peach fruit in British Columbia (Scudder and Thomas 1987)." 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5333-ConservationStatus 5333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Known in Alberta (and Canada) only from several historical collections. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5333-Cyclicity 5333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected in late July and early August. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5333-Distribution 5333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta south to southern Arizona and New Mexico, and northern Mexico, east to western Nebraska. In Alberta known only from the Lethbridge area." 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5333-GeneralDescription 5333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.6-4.0 cm wingspan) immaculate creamy-white moth. The forewings including fringe are white. The hindwings are also white, with a variable fuscous wash, darker in females than males. Antennae in both sexes essentially filiform. Most likely to be confused with Copablepharon viridisparsum, which is larger, has a slight greenish cast to the forewings, and some evidence of a discal spot on the hindwings. The hindwings of viridisparsum usually have a grey patch in the center, variable in extent. Other white grasslands moths have at least some black markings (i.e. Cucillia luna) or bright orange on the forelegs and venter (i.e. Hyphantria cunea; Spilosoma congrua). This species was only recently described (2004); it was listed by Bowman as Copablepharon album." 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5333-Habitat 5333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open sandy sagebrush grasslands. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5333-LifeCycle 5333 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5896-ConservationStatus 5896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status It is not known if this species is threatened. 6/16/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5896-Cyclicity 5896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity From late May to early June. 6/16/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5896-Distribution 5896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Michigan to Quebec south to Illinois and Virginia; possibly around the Great Lakes region (Stone 1965). 6/16/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5896-GeneralDescription 5896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Grayish brown in color; head silvery grey, dark brown above with short rostrum (Doane 1901);palpi and antennae dark brown, palpi reaching a little beyond the base of the wings in males; halteres brownish yellow, knobs brown; tarsi and tips of femora and tibia and legs dark brown, femora yellowish (Doane 1901). Abdomen dull brown with back and side margins of each segment grayish; Wings clear, with a dark tinge that is darker closer to the head; an indistinct whitish space on the wing in front of thebrown stigma (Doane 1901). Length of male: 10mm, female: 12mm; wing span: 12mm." 6/16/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5896-Habitat 5896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Possibly moist, humid habitats as found near the east coast or Great Lakes." 6/16/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5896-LifeCycle 5896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Complete metamorphosis; no other information known. 6/16/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5896-TrophicStrategy 5896 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Not known. 6/16/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5899-ConservationStatus 5899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status It is not known if this species is threatened. 6/16/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5899-Cyclicity 5899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to early June. 6/16/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5899-Distribution 5899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Wisconsin to Connecticut to Nova Scotia, \nsouth to Kansas and South Carolina. Middle to \nNortheast North America (Stone 1965)." 6/16/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5899-GeneralDescription 5899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head and mouth whitish yellow with yellow palpi (Walker 1848). Antennae pale yellow with hairs,base of each joint brown; brown ventral thorax with five tawny stripes with middle stripe the broadest, decreasing in length and width going out; side of thorax yellowish white (Walker 1848). Dorsal thorax greyish; abdomen tawny with hind boarders of segments paler; legs tawny, hairy and slender (Walker 1848). Wings pale grayish tawny, irregularly colorless beneath the fore wing, which is yellow; veins dark tawny. Length of body approx. 8mm; wing span approx. 16mm (Walker 1848)." 6/16/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5899-Habitat 5899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Possibly moist, humid climates as those found out east." 6/16/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5899-LifeCycle 5899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Complete metamorphosis; no other information known. 6/16/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5899-TrophicStrategy 5899 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Not known. 6/16/06 14:58 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5898-ConservationStatus 5898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status It is not known if this species is vulnerable. 6/16/06 14:16 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5898-Cyclicity 5898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to early June. 6/16/06 14:16 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5898-Distribution 5898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta to North West Territories, south to Colorado and Indiana (Stone 1965)." 6/16/06 14:16 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5898-GeneralDescription 5898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Greyish coloration (Alexander 1915). Thorax with a single very narrow median brown stripe; wings pale brown with a clear band before the cord; head light brown and nasus very long and slender, reddish brown. Antennae elongated in male, scape yellowish brown, antennal segments 3 to 5 with base pale brownish yellow with rest brown; head light grey (Alexander 1915 and 1926), (Doane 1901). Halteres brown; coxae of legs pale brown with some greyish hairs; trochanters and femora yellow and dark brown at front; tibiae light brown and dark brown at end portion (Alexander 1915); tarsi yellowish brown; abdomen brown with first tergite grayish. Wings light brown, the costal region more yellowish , the stigma pale brown; aclear band before the cord. Length of male and female: 12-13mm and 14-15mm. Wing span male and female: 12.5-13mm and 15-16mm (Alexander 1926)." 6/16/06 14:16 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5898-Habitat 5898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Marshes. 6/16/06 14:16 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5898-LifeCycle 5898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Complete metamorphosis; other information not known. 6/16/06 14:16 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5898-TrophicStrategy 5898 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Not known. 6/16/06 14:16 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5900-ConservationStatus 5900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status It is not known if this species is vulnerable. 6/16/06 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5900-Cyclicity 5900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Possibly early February to about late March. 6/16/06 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5900-Distribution 5900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution British Columbia and Alberta (Stone 1965). 6/16/06 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5900-GeneralDescription 5900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are wingless. Antennae five segmented, segments four and five short and cylindrical, segment four with bottom, and five with long golden hairs, longer than all 5 antennal segments together (Garrett 1922). Antennae, palpi, head, thorax, abdomen black, brownish in bright light, covered in whitish, powdery granules. Head with some black hairs as long as halteres on thorax (Garrett 1922). Legs brownish black with rows of black hairs on tibia and tarsi. Male genitalia solid, somewhat conical half way and the color of the abdomen and fleshy; claspers horny with inside point modified on the outside. Female genitalia with four valves, tergal pair flat, sword-like; from base a little curved up at tips (Garrett 1922). Length about 5mm and width about 1mm." 6/16/06 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5900-Habitat 5900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Possibly on hills near mountainous areas. 6/16/06 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5900-LifeCycle 5900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Complete metamorphosis with larval stage probably in summer; no other information known on this species. 6/16/06 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5900-TrophicStrategy 5900 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Not known. 6/16/06 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5908-ConservationStatus 5908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not at risk. 6/19/06 14:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5908-Cyclicity 5908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Occurs from June to late September. 6/19/06 14:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5908-Distribution 5908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This subspecies is known across all of southern Canada and the northern United States (McPherson 1982). It is known from the northern part of the continent, whereas the other subspecies within Euschistus is known from the south (Panizzi et al. 2000)." 6/19/06 14:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5908-GeneralDescription 5908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Body is oval with the underside being slightly concavr and the abdomen narrow. Entire dorsal side grayish yellow with dark brownish-gray punctures becoming denser at the edges of the pronotum. The last two antennal segments (fourth and fifth) are darker in colour. The ventral surface usually has a pinkish tinge. Cheeks large passing the clypeus in length and more pointed. The humeral angles of the pronotum are rounded. Length 12-14 mm and width 7-8.5 mm (Blatchley 1926). 6/19/06 14:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5908-Habitat 5908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Fields and grasslands. 6/19/06 14:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5908-LifeCycle 5908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are usually laid in groups of 14 and are kettle-shaped (Munyaneza and McPherson 1994). This subspecies is bivoltine, has five larval instars and overwinters in the adult stage (McPherson 1982)" 6/19/06 14:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5908-TrophicStrategy 5908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Euschistus s. euschistiodes occurs on many different host plants: grains, fruits, flowers, grasses and trees (McPherson 1982). Under lab conditions this subspecies was observed feeding on the larvae of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae (Culliney 1985). Thought to attack the larvae of the mountain-ash sawfly (McPherson 1982)." 6/19/06 14:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5909-ConservationStatus 5909 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not at risk. 6/19/06 14:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5909-Cyclicity 5909 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June or July to late September. 6/19/06 14:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5909-Distribution 5909 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Euschistus t. luridus is known mostly north of 41°N latitude coast to coast across southern Canada and the northern United States (McPherson 1982). 6/19/06 14:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5909-GeneralDescription 5909 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body form is elongate, oval and usually smaller than the rest of the genus. Dorsal surface grayish in colour and covered evenly with dark brownish-gray punctures. The apical (end) fifth of the pronotum is a brighter yellow colour with much less puncture marks, usually smooth. The humeral angles of the pronotum are quite broad and rounded with the concavity on the anterior edge pronounced. The apical half of antennal segment four and all of segment five are dark brown to black in colour. Length 10-12 mm and width 7-7.5 mm (Blatchley 1926). This subspecies, as well as E. t. tristigmus, has black spots on the middle of the abdomen (McPherson 1982)." 6/19/06 14:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5909-Habitat 5909 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grasslands and hay fields. 6/19/06 14:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5909-LifeCycle 5909 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle This subspecies overwinters as adults in leaf and plant litter (McPherson 1982). 6/19/06 14:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5909-TrophicStrategy 5909 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This subspecies has been found on the following host plants; raspberry, sumac, Salix (willow), hazelnut, scrub-oak, meadow-sweet, marsh grasses, wild rose, button-bush, tomatoe, pear, poplar, yellow birch, pine, goldenrod, elder, mullein, alfalfa and hollyhock. It also may feed on the eyespotted bud moth larvae in the lab (McPherson 1982)." 6/19/06 14:59 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4034-ConservationStatus 4034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread and fairly common insect; no concerns. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4034-Cyclicity 4034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in fall (August-September) and again in spring (April-May). 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4034-Distribution 4034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to Vancouver Island, north to Northwest Territories and south to the Gulf of Mexico. In Alberta it has been collected in the boreal forest north through the Peace River region to Zama, as well as throughout the Aspen parklands and foothills." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4034-GeneralDescription 4034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.2-2.5 cm wingspan) narrow-winged moth with dark-grey patterned forewings and shining dirty-white hindwings. The forewings are a mixture of dark slate grey markings over a pale grey ground. The forewing markings may be quite variable but the antemedian and postmedian lines are usually well marked, sinuous and doubled. The reniform is a gray spot with some rusty brown scaling in the pupil. The hindwing is dirty white, shading to light grey-brown towards the margin. The similar Nycteola cinereana can be separated from frigidana by its slightly larger size, pale grey color and the black scaling along the lower base of the forewings. Frigidana is most likely to be overlooked as a ""micro-lepidopteran"". There are also a number of similar appearing species among the Tortricidae." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4034-Habitat 4034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open deciduous woodland and shrub. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4034-LifeCycle 4034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are on the wing in late summer and fall and again in spring, and apparently overwinter. The larvae form colonies in leaves tied together in a silk web, although individuals may be found as well. The larvae are pale green with long, fine hairs. The pupae are powdery white and characteristically truncated at one end. Adults are apparently only poorly attracted to light, and may be much commoner than light trap collections indicate." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4034-TrophicStrategy 4034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The main larval host is willow (Salix sp.), although there are occasional reports of poplar (Populus sp.) as well." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4035-ConservationStatus 4035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common and widespread species; no concerns. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4035-Cyclicity 4035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from the last week of May through the last week of July. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4035-Distribution 4035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "H. scripta ranges from Labrador to Vancouver Island, south to North Carolina and Mississippi. In Alberta scripta has been collected throughout the wooded areas, north to Zama and Ft. McMurray and south to Calgary and Dinosaur Provincial Park." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4035-GeneralDescription 4035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "H. scripta is a medium-sized moth (3.0-3.9 cm wingspan). The forewings are yellow-brown or grey-brown with pink-tinted whitish areas along the costa and in the basal and post-median areas. The median area has a series of four or five fine concentric looping lines. The hindwings are grey-brown. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. Not likely to be mistaken for any other Alberta moth. The very similar Habrosyne gloriosa should be watched for; it has been reported from Quebec, Wyoming and the Black Hills of South Dakota. It is more robust, a bit more colorful, and has a more angled median part of the pale antemedian line on the forewing." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4035-Habitat 4035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodland and forest. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4035-LifeCycle 4035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults are nocturnal and come to both lights and sugar bait. There is a single brood each year. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4035-TrophicStrategy 4035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported host plants include birch (Betula sp.), various briars (Rubus sp.) and lilac (Syringa vulgaris) (Handfield, 1999)." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4276-ConservationStatus 4276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species. 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4276-Cyclicity 4276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from mid July through August. 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4276-Distribution 4276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to northern and interior BC, south in the mountains east of the Great Basin to Arizona and New Mexico. It occurs throughout most of the southern half Alberta, but is most common in the southern Boreal forest, aspen parklands and foothills areas, and in wooded parts of the grasslands." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4276-GeneralDescription 4276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Euxoa servita is a member of the detersa group in subgenus Euxoa. They are medium-sized (wingspan 2.9-3.4 cm) grey or brownish grey moths, with darker specimens occurring in more mesic habitats. In most Alberta specimens the costa, prominent orbicular and reniform spots, and the subterminal area is pale clear grey. There is a thick dark grey basal dash, a wide black streak to and between the orbicular and reniform spotsand the median and terminal areas are dark grey. The inner margin of the dark terminal area streaks into the subterminal area, including several streaks that extend almost to the reniform spot. Hindwings in both sexes are smoky grey. Females of servita are easily separated from those of auripennis by the stout setae on the ovipositor valve (ear-like flanges in auripennis). Males are difficult to separate, but most can be identified by the streaking from the dark terminal area into the pale subterminal area and by the smooth even postmedian line (scalloped between the veins in auripennis)." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4276-Habitat 4276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mainly associated with wooded habitats, including coniferous and mixedwood boreal and foothills forest, aspen groves, and riparian cottonwood stands along the grasslands valleys." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4276-LifeCycle 4276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood. Adults come to light. The larvae likely feed on a variety of low plants, as is usual for members of the genus." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4276-TrophicStrategy 4276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy none 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4277-ConservationStatus 4277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4277-Cyclicity 4277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in Alberta in early fall, usually from late August to late September." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4277-Distribution 4277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread from the Pacific to Atlantic coast, south to PE, WI and CA (McGuffin 1987)." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4277-GeneralDescription 4277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A thinly scaled mid-sized geometrid, antennae with very long pectinations resulting in conspicuously feathery antenae. Ground colour varies from tan to brown, AM and PM lines dark, the latter bordered distally with orange-brown. Discal spots obscure.\nSimilar to Besma, but Lambdina fiscellaria lacks the scalloped subterminal line of Besma, and flies in the fall, not in early summer.\nThree subspecies have been recognized: fiscellaria, lugubrosa (Hulst) and somniaria (Hulst) based on geographic affinities and host plant differences. However genetic evidence does not clearly support recognition of these subspecies, and L. fiscellaria appears to be a single, highly adaptable species (Sperling et al. 1999).\n" 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4277-Habitat 4277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and coniferous forest. 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4277-LifeCycle 4277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva (Hemlock Looper) is grey with various intricate longitudinal stripes and small black spots. Young larvae eat only new foliage, mature larvae eat older foliage (Wagner et al. 2001). Eggs overwinter on tree trunks, laid on bark lichens or moss.\nThe Hemlock Looper is an important forest pest, and can cause severe defoliation of conifers. Numerous outbreaks have been recorded in BC (Duncan 2003). For more information on the economics and management of this species see Duncan (2003) and references in McGuffin (1987). \n" 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4277-TrophicStrategy 4277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalists on conifers, but also occasionally feed on deciduous trees such as aspen (Populus) and willow (Salix). Favoured hosts are balsam fir (Abies balsamifera), spruce (Picea sp.), and tamarack (Larix)(Prentice 1963)." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4278-ConservationStatus 4278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4278-Cyclicity 4278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults in Alberta from March into May, peaking in mid to late April." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4278-Distribution 4278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Yukon to Labrador south to New York and southern Alberta / BC (Prentice 1963). 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4278-GeneralDescription 4278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This moth is quite distinctive, although the overall colour and pattern are suggestive of several (much smaller) day-flying, alpine noctuids such as Anarta (brephoides was originally described in this genus!). No similar species are on the wing as early as brephoides. The forewing is black and dusted with grey and a white-bordered black PM line, the AM black line lacks a white border. Hindwing white with and even black margin and basal black scaling. Sexes are similar but can be separated by the pectinate (feathery) antennae of the males; females have filiform (thread-like) antennae." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4278-Habitat 4278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open mixedwood forests of the boreal and mountain region. 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4278-LifeCycle 4278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The early stages are described in McGuffin (1988). Habits of the adults are similar to those of Archiearis infans, and the flight period often begins when snow patches are still on the ground. Although the larval hosts are common and widespread, this species is usually rare, and not often encountered because of its early spring flight." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4278-TrophicStrategy 4278 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed primarily on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), white birch (Betula papyrifera) and alder (Alnus spp.), and have also been found on willow (Salix spp.) and Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera). These species all produce catkins early in the spring, which may be important food sources prior to leave flush." 2/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4627-ConservationStatus 4627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4627-Cyclicity 4627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The peak flight period is June. 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4627-Distribution 4627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central BC, NWT and Nunavit east to Nova Scotia, south to Colorado and North Carolina (McGuffin 1972)." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4627-GeneralDescription 4627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species and M. aemulataria are very similar in appearance, but are quite distinctive compared to other Macaria. The forewing is creamy white with three usually distinct transverse lines, and a bold brown patch in the middle outer third (distal to the PM line). The forewing is distinctly notched below the apex, accented by a dark fringe. Hindwing with discal spot and AM and PM lines, the margin coming to a distinct point, giving a nearly tailed appearance. M. notata is slightly larger with a paler whitish ground colour compared to aemulataria." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4627-Habitat 4627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic mixedwood and deciduous forests and woodlands. 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4627-LifeCycle 4627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A description of the larva and pupa is provided by McGuffin (1972), and Wagner et al. illustrate the mature larva. Pupae hibernate, and adults come to light. An uncommon species not usually encountered in numbers." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4627-TrophicStrategy 4627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larval hosts consist primarily of birch (Betula) and alder (Alnus) species (Prentice 1963). 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4209-ConservationStatus 4209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not likely to be of concern in Alberta, although known from less than five records." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4209-Cyclicity 4209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in June to mid July. 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4209-Distribution 4209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to southern interior BC, south to FL and MS (McGuffin 1977)." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4209-GeneralDescription 4209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The hindwing margin is slightly more scalloped in Hypagyrtis than other similar, mid-sized grey geometrids; it is otherwise difficult to characterize this genus externally without visual comparison to species in the Boarmiini such as Aethalura, Iridopsis and Protoboarmia. This genus is taxonomically very difficult, and there are no reliable genitalic differences; H. unipunctaria occurs in the parkland and southern boreal region in Alberta, while H. piniata is associated only with conifers in the north-central region. H. piniata supposedly lacks the brownish shading in the subterminal area found in H. unipunctaria. Treated as H. subatomaria by McGuffin (1977)." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4209-Habitat 4209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood forests and aspen parkland 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4209-LifeCycle 4209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae are mottled grey, and are twig mimics. They overwinter exposed on tree bark and branches, and are important food sources for wintering insectivorous birds in the eastern US (B. Heinrich cited in Wagner et al. 2001). McGuffin (1977) describes the immature stages in detail. Adults come to light" 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4209-TrophicStrategy 4209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalists on deciduous trees and shrubs. Rosaceous shrubs including Amelanchier, Rosa, and Prunus have been reported as hosts several times, but also Salix, Populus, Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Fraxinus, Tilia, Ulmus, Quercus and Acer (McGuffin 1977)." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4210-ConservationStatus 4210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4210-Cyclicity 4210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight activity is from mid June to early July. 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4210-Distribution 4210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to BC and the Yukon, south to Maine (McGuffin 1967)." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4210-GeneralDescription 4210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of a number of geometrid species which are relatively small and havepale tan or whitish wings. As the common name suggests, the wing margins are rounded, not slightly pointed midway as in similar species of Scopula, including S. junctaria to which Idaea is superficially most similar to.\n\n" 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4210-Habitat 4210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open woodlands. 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4210-LifeCycle 4210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae likely hibernate, and pupae are attached to vegetation without a cocoon, and supported with a silk girdle much like butterflies (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to lights." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4210-TrophicStrategy 4210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The only larval host reported in the literature is Polygonum (McGuffin 1967), but additional low-growing plants are also likely hosts." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4221-ConservationStatus 4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No special status (IUCN 2002) 1/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4221-Cyclicity 4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge from July to September. 1/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4221-Distribution 4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, recorded in the northern, central and southerwestern regions. This species ranges from Alaska to Newfoundland, as far south as Washington, Nebraska and Pennsylvania (Larson et al. 2000). Generally rare in western parts of range, most abundant in Great Lakes region." 1/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4221-GeneralDescription 4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Large (32.4 to 39.0mm), broad body (Larson et al. 2000). Dark brown to black - some with green appearance. Small chevron between eyes. Ventral surface of head yellow. Prosternum pale at lateral margins, brown-black medially. All margins of pronotum broadly yellow. Middle and hind legs brown-black with reddish basal portions, forelegs reddish anteriorly and brown-black posteriorly." 1/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4221-Habitat 4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Shallow, warm permanent ponds, sedge marshes, beaver ponds and slow streams." 1/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4221-LifeCycle 4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinter as adults in permanent waters (Larson et al. 2000). Late fall or early spring mating. Univoltine (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985). Strong swimmers, hind legs move together while swimming. Adults attracted to lights." 1/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4221-TrophicStrategy 4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Predatory - active swimmers (Larson et al. 2000). Invertebrate and fish larvae prey. Records of larval preference for caddisfly (Trichoptera) prey (LeClair et al. 1986). 1/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5251-ConservationStatus 5251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/26/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5251-Cyclicity 5251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight period from late May to early August but mainly from mid June to mid July. 1/26/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5251-Distribution 5251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs along with its principal host (trembling aspen) from the Pacific to the Atlantic and from Alaska to California, Arizona, and New Mexico (Furniss & Carolin 1977)." 1/26/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5251-GeneralDescription 5251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Larvae initially pale yellowish-green. As they mature, larvae darken to deep green or almost black with reddish brown to black head capsule and reach 15-21 mm in length. Pupae spindle-shaped, 9-17 mm in length, initially bright green and eventually turn brown or black. Adults brownish gray in colour with basal, middle, and outer brownish patches on forewings and fringe of hairs along posterior edges of hind wings. Wingspan of 25-35 mm (EPPO 2004, Cerezke 1992)." 1/26/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5251-Habitat 5251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) forests. 1/26/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5251-LifeCycle 5251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Pale green eggs are laid from June through July in large, flat masses on upper surface of aspen leaves. Larvae hatch 7-10 days after oviposition (EPPO 2004). First instar larvae congregate between flat surfaces of leaves they weave together. Although larvae skeletonize the foliage, their damage is not conspicuous at this time. In August, larvae find protected locations on the tree trunk to spin cocoons for hibernation, then molt and overwinter as second instar larvae. Larvae emerge in spring at time of bud break, climb the tree and begin mining expanding buds which can cause complete defoliation before buds open (Furniss & Carolin 1977, USDA 1979). Most of the defoliation occurs from late third instar until pupation when larvae roll leaves into shelters, feed, eat all but the larger leaf veins, and then pupate. Pupation occurs mainly in June and adults emerge 7-14 days later. One generation per year (EPPO 2004)." 1/26/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5251-TrophicStrategy 5251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Main host is trembling aspen but will also feed on other associated broad-leaved trees when endemic (Furniss & Carolin 1977). 1/26/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5271-ConservationStatus 5271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5271-Cyclicity 5271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight period from late June to mid August. 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5271-Distribution 5271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Jack pine forests in Canada from Atlantic provinces to Cypress Hills on the Alberta-Saskatchewan border as well as northern United States from New England to the lake states. First outbreak in Alberta was recorded in 1985 in the central part of the province. Pine feeding budworms are also found in southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta but taxonomic status is uncertain (Harvey 1984, Volney 1994)." 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5271-GeneralDescription 5271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Fully developed larva 20-23 mm long, has a reddish tan head with dark lateral markings and a dark brown body with two rows of paired spots along its length. Pupa reddish brown with two terminal hooks at hind end (Volney 1994). Forewing of adult rust colored, never gray, and mottled with silver bands and flecks of darker scales. Hind wing entirely dark smoky with white fringe marked by dark basal line. Wing span of females slightly larger in range (15-28mm) than males (18-24mm) (Freeman 1967, Furniss & Carolin 1977, Volney 1994). For more specific information see Freeman (1967). \nVariation in color and pattern of the forewing and morphological resemblance among conifer-feeding Choristoneura make it very difficult to distinguish species using external morphological characteristics (Dang 1985). To correctly identify to species it may be necessary to look at other characters such as genitalia (Dang 1985, Dang 1992), mitochondrial DNA (Sperling & Hickey 1995), or to observe behavioural characteristics such as host plant preference, pheromone attraction, or larval diapause. There is a possibility that some of the databased specimens collected from the western part of Alberta are misidentified.\n" 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5271-Habitat 5271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests. 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5271-LifeCycle 5271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Female adult may lay over 300 lime green eggs in several different egg masses on convex surface of pine needles. Each egg mass typically consists of two rows of eggs which overlap like shingles (Volney 1994). Eggs hatch in 6 to 10 days (Cadogan 1995), the larvae disperse to find overwintering sites under bark scales, spin silken cocoons, molt to second larval instar and then overwinter. In the spring the larvae emerge in late May and early June when the pollen cone buds are swollen in the upper tree crowns. The larvae begin mining the buds. They spin silk webbing and tunnels for protection which they feed within as they move along the buds and eventually along developing foliage and seed cones. Larvae typically finish feeding by mid-July in their seventh instar and pupate within the silk webbing. Pupation lasts approximately 10 days before adult emerges (Volney 1994, Cadogan 1995)." 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5271-TrophicStrategy 5271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feeds principally on jack pine but will also feed on Scots (Pinus sylvestris), lodgepole (Pinus contorta), and red (Pinus resinosa) pine (Volney 1984)." 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4911-ConservationStatus 4911 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread and common moth; in some areas a serious pest on ash plantings. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4911-Cyclicity 4911 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta in late June and July. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4911-Distribution 4911 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to central Alberta, south to Colorado, Texas and Florida, with a disjunct (?) population in California. In Alberta found north and west to Edmonton." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4911-GeneralDescription 4911 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather large (2.5-3.3 cm wingspan) diurnal long-winged wasp-like moth. The head and body is brown-black, with paler yellow or whitish markings on the lateral side of the segments giving it a somewhat banded appearance. The legs are long and mostly orange, with narrow dark bands at the joints. The forewings are opaque, olive brown with rusty orange powdering on the veins, in particular near the base. The basal half of the forewings are very narrow and mostly without scales. Hindwings hyaline (unscaled) except for the veins, which are dark brown and rusty-red, and a narrow rusty-orange terminal line and olive-brown fringe. Sexes similar. The large size and opaque forewings will separate the ash borer from other Alberta clearwing moths." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4911-Habitat 4911 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Shelterbelt and urban plantings of ash and lilac. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4911-LifeCycle 4911 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females lay eggs in wounds or crevices in the bark of green ash and lilac.. The boring larvae feed in the bark the first summer, move into the wood the following season, and emerge the third year. The fully-grown larvae are about 2.5 cm long, with cream colored bodies and a brown head and thoracic shield. Adults are best captured with pheromone traps." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4911-TrophicStrategy 4911 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Mainly Ash (Fraxinus sp.); also lilac (Syrniga). 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4912-ConservationStatus 4912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4912-Cyclicity 4912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults from mid April through mid June in Alberta. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4912-Distribution 4912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Eastern NFLD to Vancouver Island; south to North Carolina in the east and Colorado in the west. In Alberta it has been found across the southern boreal forest region south to the South Saskatchewan River near the Saskatchewan border. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4912-GeneralDescription 4912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A very small (1.3-2.4 cm wingspan) flimsy dull yellow-brown moth with darker grey-brown markings. The darker antemedian and postmedian bands are discernable across both the fore and hind wings, and there is usually a prominent dark discal dot. The terminal areas of the wings are darker than the ground, and the forewing fringe is checkered dark and lighter brown. There are also small patches of white scales in the subterminal area, midway and again just above the tornus. Abdominal segment 2 is covered with blackish scales, which will separate columbiata from other members of the palpata species group except for maestosa. Maestosa usually lacks the white spot on the forewing above the tornus. Positive identification of columbiata, and indeed many species of Eupithecia, is best obtained by examining the genitalia. Both male and female genitalia have excellent characters that will readily identify the species." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4912-Habitat 4912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and edge; shrubby areas. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4912-LifeCycle 4912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults fly in spring. Larvae are present in June and July. They overwinter as pupae. Adults and nocturnal and come to light. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4912-TrophicStrategy 4912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere a wide range of deciduous trees and shrubs, including willow (Salix), wild cherry (Prunus), Alder (Alnus), dogwood (Cornus), Philadelphus sp., Ceoanothus, Poplar (Populus), buckthorn (Rhamnus purshiana), Saskatoon (Amelanchier), Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera), and maple (Acer). Willow is apparently the preferred host (Bolte, 1990)." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4304-ConservationStatus 4304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4304-Cyclicity 4304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in June and July, with peak activity in the latter half of June." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4304-Distribution 4304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta to Nova Scotia, south to GA and AZ (McGuffin 1981)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4304-GeneralDescription 4304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A bright yellow geometrid with a loose PM band of maroon-brown spots, AM band reduced to two or three spots on the forewing; variable maroon speckling overall. Difficult to separate reliably from X. sospeta without genitalic dissection, see McGuffin (1981). Urticaria is slightly smaller and darker yellow than sospeta, with wider and more extensive maroon markings." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4304-Habitat 4304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixed and deciduous forest in the southern boreal and parkland region. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4304-LifeCycle 4304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to lights, but are also active during the day and are easily flushed from shrubs in aspen forest understory. Larvae are twig mimics and rest with their body fully extended, like a twig on a branch (Wagner et al. 2001). In Alberta, this species is much less common than X. sospeta." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4304-TrophicStrategy 4304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalist feeders on herbs and low shrubs; reported hosts include Spiraea, Solidago, Rosa, Ribes and Cornus (McGuffin 1981)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5351-ConservationStatus 5351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A relatively common widespread species; no concerns. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5351-Cyclicity 5351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid June to late August. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5351-Distribution 5351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northeast AK and western Yukon east to east central SK and north central SD, south to northern CO and west to central WA and the dry interior of BC (Lafontaine, 2004 fig. 26). It occurs throughout the grasslands and open montane of southern Alberta, north to at least Edmonton and the Cardinal Divide." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5351-GeneralDescription 5351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Actebia balanitis is a medium-size (3.6-4.0 cm wingspan) dull greyish-brown moth. The basal, antemedian and postmedian lines are complete, marked in black and scalloped outward at each vein. The orbicular and reniform spots are finely outlined with dark scales and filled with slightly paler ones; the reniform usually has the lower half filled with darker scales. The hindwings are dirty white, suffused with sooty-brown toward the outer margin, and the veins are lined with dark scales. The sexes are similar. Until recently Actebia balanitis was placed in the genus Protexarnis McD., which has been sunk to subgeneric status. Most likely to be confused with species of Euxoa, in particular E. messoria (Harris) and E. infausta (Walker). Females of balanitis have dorsoventrally flattened abdomens, while those of Euxoa species are cylindrical. Male messoria have biserrate antennae, balanitis simple.There are large differences in the male genitalic structures of the two genera, which can usually be observed without dissection. Perhaps the most useful character for separating balanitis from other similar appearing species is the characteristic silky, almost ""brassy"", sheen of the forewings of balanitis." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5351-Habitat 5351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry native prairie and montane grassland. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5351-LifeCycle 5351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a one brood per year. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4265-ConservationStatus 4265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common, widespread species; no concerns." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4265-Cyclicity 4265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are on the wing in Alberta from mid-July through mid-September, with the peak in August." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4265-Distribution 4265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Maritime Provinces of Canada west to central Alaska, south to Minnesota and North Carolina in the east and Arizona, New Mexico and California in the west." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4265-GeneralDescription 4265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.1-3.7 cm wingspan) with variable pale violet grey to chocolate brown forewings. The prothoracic collar usually with a narrow black band and tipped with a narrow white or pale tan band. The basal, antemedian and postmedian lines are usually well marked and doubled, and the claviform is outlined in black. The orbicular and reniform spots are prominent and filled with pale grey or brown scales, the reniform often with darker scales in the lower half. The area proximal to the orbicular and between the two spots is filled with dark scales. The terminal area of the wing is usually darker than the rest, and the fringe is pale grey or brown. The hindwings are dirty white shading to a broad smoky brown terminal band, darker in females than in males. Dark brown specimens can be mistaken for E. campestris, which is usually smaller and darker, especially the hindwings. Very similar to E. albipennis. Albipennis lacks the fine banding on the prothoracic collar, so the head and thorax appear unicolorous. The orbicular spot in albipennis is also larger than in declarata, approximately twice the width of the space between the orbicular and reniform. Albipennis males have shining white hindwings, while those of declarata have a light smoky brown cast. The basal area of the forewing in albipennis is also slightly paler then the rest of the forewing. In the male genitalia the harp is curved in declarata, straight in albipennis. Females of declarata lack the sclerotized flanges on the tips of the ovipositor lobes that are present in albipennis. \n\nEuxoa declarata belongs to the subgenus Euxoa, characterized mainly by the shape of the vesica in males. Keys to the subgenera and species are available in Lafontaine, 1987\n\n" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4265-Habitat 4265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A wide range from arid grasslands and cultivated areas to coniferous woodlands. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4265-LifeCycle 4265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, and the larvae have a rather long aestivation period. The larvae are known only from lab-reared material. Adults are attracted to light." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4265-TrophicStrategy 4265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Related species are generalist feeders on low-growing broad-leaved plants. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4266-ConservationStatus 4266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but uncommon species; no concerns. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4266-Cyclicity 4266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected in late August and early September. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4266-Distribution 4266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central Saskatchewan west to southern British Columbia, south to western South Dakota, southern Colorado, Southern Arizona and northern Baja California, Mexico. It has been collected in southern Alberta north to Erskine and Calgary." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4266-GeneralDescription 4266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.9-3.5 cm wingspan) pale to dark grey or grey-buff moth. Highly variable in shade and pattern. The head thorax and abdomen are grizzled dark grey, and with a narrow dark band across the prothoraic collar. No basal dash, and the area around and between the orbicular and reniform spots is not darker than the rest of the wing. The antemedian and postmedian lines are usually prominent, the former single and jagged, the later also single but drawn outward at each vein. There is also an indistinct median band running down from the reniform spot. The orbicular and reniform are incompletely outlined in black scales. The orbicular is rounded or oval and almost as large as the reniform, which is kidney-shaped and usually darker in the lower half. The terminal area of the wing including the fringe is the same shade as the forewing ground. The terminal line is a series of narrow, dark crescents or saggitate marks, separate in some and joined in others. The hind wings are dull white or pale grey-buff, with darker shading on the veins and along the outer margin. A discal mark and a narrow median line are visible in most specimens. Male antennae fairly strongly biserrate. Male genitalia characters include relatively short saccular extensions (as short as or shorter than the harpes), a very small nipple-like second basal diverticulum on the vesica and a strongly reflexed vesica. This drab moth may be remarkably variable in appearance, even in collections from a single site." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4266-Habitat 4266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid native grasslands and badlands. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4266-LifeCycle 4266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are unknown. There is a single brood each year, with the adults flying in late summer and early fall. The adults are nocturnal and attracted to light." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4266-TrophicStrategy 4266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy unknown 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5913-ConservationStatus 5913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 6/20/06 10:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5913-Cyclicity 5913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge in June or July and hibernate in September. 6/20/06 10:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5913-Distribution 5913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is known to occur from Quebec south to Florida and west to Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho and Utah. It is not known from any of the states that border Mexico (McPherson 1982)." 6/20/06 10:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5913-GeneralDescription 5913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males are elongate and oval, females are broader. Dorsal surface is grayish or a greenish yellow and has many sparse dark brownish gray puncture marks. The edges of the thorax and tip of scutellum are light yellow. Antennae are usually reddish yellow in color and the apical (end) half of the fourth segment and the fifth joint are black. The ventral surface is greenish yellow with small brown spots. The head is longer than wide, with slightly concave cheeks no longer than the clypeus. Sides of pronotum are slightly concave with the edges of the last two thirds finely rippled. The pronotum humeral angles are always acute and are pointed. The apical half of scutellum is smooth with only sparse punctures. Length 11.5-14 mm and width 8-9 mm (Blatchley 1926)." 6/20/06 10:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5913-Habitat 5913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Field margins and open woodland pastures (Blatchley 1926). 6/20/06 10:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5913-LifeCycle 5913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is listed as being both univoltine and bivoltine (McPherson 1982). The eggs are light green to cream coloured and shaped like a barrel with a flat top. The head end of the egg is closed with a round lid, which is skirted with 28 to 30 club-shaped spines. There are five instars and the first instar nymphs do not feed (Parish 1934). Adults overwinter under leaf debris and below fence rails (Blatchley 1926). This species has also been known to be a pest on both vegetables and fruit and does cause some damage in orchards (McPherson 1982)." 6/20/06 10:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5913-TrophicStrategy 5913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species has been reported on many host plants including grains, grasses and vegetables, and will attack fruit trees when host plants die. This species has even been reported to prey on cottony maple scale insect, coccinellid larvae, pea aphids, and some lepidopteran larvae (Parish 1934; McPherson 1982)." 6/20/06 10:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4211-ConservationStatus 4211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Known from only one locality in Alberta, near Medicine Hat." 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4211-Cyclicity 4211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No Alberta data available; peak flight is in late July in Quebec (Handfield 1999). 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4211-Distribution 4211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "At the western range edge in southeastern Alberta, occurring east to Nova Scotia and south to Texas and Georgia (McGuffin 1977, Wagner et al. 2001)." 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4211-GeneralDescription 4211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Virtually indistinguishable from Iridopsis larvaria externally; identification should be confirmed through genitalic examination. The male uncus is simple in I. larvaria and forked in I. ephyraria(Forbes 1948).\nScoble (1999) synomized Anacamptodes under Iridopsis.\n 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4211-Habitat 4211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No Alberta data available; likely shrubby and wooded riparian areas of the southeastern prairie region. 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4211-LifeCycle 4211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The green, grey, or brown larvae feed in the spring, and unlike other members in the genus, ephyraria overwinters in the egg stage (Wagner et al. 2001)." 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4211-TrophicStrategy 4211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae have been recorded from a wide variety of trees and shrubs, primarily deciduous but also conifers in the east (Wagner et al. 2001). Prentice (1963) reported it primarily from Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo), willow (Salix spp.), Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana) and the introduced Caragana (Caragana arborescens). The hosts and distribution suggest that this is primarily a species of eastern hardwood forests." 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4212-ConservationStatus 4212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Known from few localities in AB, but there are no obvious conservation concerns." 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4212-Cyclicity 4212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Data unavailable. Adults generally fly in June (McGuffin 1977). 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4212-Distribution 4212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Texas and Florida north to Nova Scotia and northeastern Alberta. The sole Alberta record to date is one for Fort McMurray (McGuffin 1977). 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4212-GeneralDescription 4212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Very similar externally to other members in this genus. McGuffin (1977) states that the conspicuous gray patch on the underside forewing apex present in ephyraria is absent in humaria. For Genitalic differences refer to McGuffin (1977).\nFormerly placed in the genus Anacamptodes (Scoble 1999).\n\n 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4212-Habitat 4212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No information available; presumably deciduous or mixed wood boreal forest in Alberta. 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4212-LifeCycle 4212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva is briefly described and figured by Wagner et al (1999). The finely striped, brown dorsum, and black bordered, yellow-green sides make this one of the most distinctive loopers. This is apparently a rather rare and local species throughout its range.\n" 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4212-TrophicStrategy 4212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Prentice (1963) lists only one collection from white birch, suggesting this is either a rare species or that it does not regularly feed on trees and shrubs. Rindge (in McGuffin,1977) lists an interesting array of hosts, including cranberry and dewberry, a number of hardwoods such as hickory, oak, pecan, and herbivorous plants such as asparagus, clover, goldenrod and soybean. Its hosts in western Canada remain to be established." 1/17/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4213-ConservationStatus 4213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4213-Cyclicity 4213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late May to mid July, with the peak flight period usually in late June." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4213-Distribution 4213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout forested regions of North America, from Alaska to Newfoundland south to Georgia and Mexico (McGuffin 1977)." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4213-GeneralDescription 4213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Very similar to Iridopsis ephyraria and humaria. Larvaria is the most widespread and common of the three. I. ephyraria and humaria are likely to be encountered only in the extreme eastern parts of the province. Genitalic examination is necessary to confirm identification. The male uncus is simple in larvaria but forked in ephyraria and humaria. 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4213-Habitat 4213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Primarily a species of mixed wood and deciduous boreal forests in Alberta. 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4213-LifeCycle 4213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Wagner et al. (2001) illustrate the larva, and McGuffin (1977) gives a detailed description of all immature stages. The larva rests with the body arched up and the thoracic legs on the substrate (Wagner et al 2001). Hibernation is as a pupa, and adults are nocturnal and come to light." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4213-TrophicStrategy 4213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, most commonly on Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) and Speckled Alder (Alnus rugosa) (Prentice 1963)." 1/17/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5152-ConservationStatus 5152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5152-Cyclicity 5152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults in Alberta August and early September. 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5152-Distribution 5152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south in the mountains east and west. In Alberta found throughout the grasslands and parklands region, as well as in the lower foothills and southern boreal forest." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5152-GeneralDescription 5152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.0-3.5 cm. wingspan) mottled dark brown-black or black moth. There is a broad diffuse black streak from the base through the fold, obscured in darker specimens. The normal lines and spots are outlined or filled with lighter scales and so stand out, in particular the large reniform and a larger area along the lower half of the wing between the postmedian and subterminal lines. The outer edge of the subterminal line also has a series of small pale wedges between the veins. Hindwings dark fuscous, with an indistinct discal lunule and a thin median band and pale, lightly checkered fringe. Antennae simple. Sexes alike." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5152-Habitat 5152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded areas. 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5152-LifeCycle 5152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single brood each year, and the adults are nocturnal and come to light. The adults fly in late summer so the wintering stage must be the egg or early instar larvae." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5152-TrophicStrategy 5152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to use Pedicularis canadensis, Galium, Vaccinium sp., etc. (Handfield, 1999)." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4305-ConservationStatus 4305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4305-Cyclicity 4305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies in June and July, with Peak activity in early July." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4305-Distribution 4305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to southern interior BC, south to CO and GA (McGuffin 1981)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4305-GeneralDescription 4305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A bright yellow geometrid, with the PM band of reduced to a few maroon-brown spots. The AM band is usually only present as a brown spot at the forewing costa; variable maroon speckling overall. Difficult to separate reliably from X. sospeta without genitalic dissection, see McGuffin (1981). Sospeta is slightly larger and paler yellow than urticaria, with narrower and relatively smaller maroon markings.\n\n" 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4305-Habitat 4305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4305-LifeCycle 4305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to lights, but are also active during the day and are easily flushed from shrubs in aspen forest understory. Females are capable of laying over 800 eggs (McGuffin 1981). Larvae are twig mimics and rest with their body fully extended, like a twig on a branch, and feign death when disturbed (Wagner et al. 2001). In Alberta, this species is the more common of the two Xanthotype species." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4305-TrophicStrategy 4305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalists on a low growing shrubs and herbs, including Salix, Cornus and Viburnum (McGuffin 1981)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4306-ConservationStatus 4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The larva is a twig mimic, possessing several shallow warts on the thorax and on the abdominal segme" 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4306-Cyclicity 4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid May to late June. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4306-Distribution 4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "T. crocallata is predominantly eastern in distribution, and is at the western edge of its range in Alberta. South to GA and TX (Wagner et al. 2001)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4306-GeneralDescription 4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large pale-tan, geo, with the markings restricted to a straight transverse line from the apex to the anal margin of the forewing, a sharp, small discal spot, and a dusting of dark scales. Hindwings unmarked except for a faint discal spot.\nThe straight PM line and absence of other prominent wing markings will separate the two Tetracis species; T. cachexiata is much paler (cream-white), lacks a discal spot and the dusting of dark scales.\n" 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4306-Habitat 4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Deciduous and mixedwood forests, woodlands and shrubby areas." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4306-LifeCycle 4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva is a twig mimic, possessing several shallow warts on the thorax and on the abdominal segments; colour is extremely variable, ranging from grey to brick, tan or brown. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2003). \n\nThe larva is a twig mimic, possessing several shallow warts on the thorax and on the abdominal segments; colour is extremely variable, ranging from grey to brick, tan or brown. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2003). \nThe larva is a twig mimic, possessing several shallow warts on the thorax and on the abdominal segments; colour is extremely variable, ranging from grey to brick, tan or brown. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2003). \n\n\n" 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4306-TrophicStrategy 4306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy McGuffin (1987) lists alder (Alnus sp.) and willow (Salix sp.) as larval hosts. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4386-ConservationStatus 4386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread species; no reasons for concern. 3/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4386-Cyclicity 4386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early August through early September. 3/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4386-Distribution 4386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern North Dakota and southwestern Manitoba west to central BC, south to southern California and Colorado. In Alberta it has been collected in the aspen parklands, grasslands and foothills from about Lloydminster south." 3/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4386-GeneralDescription 4386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "E. auripennis belong in the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. They are medium size (3.0-3.4 cm wingspan) pale grey moths with dark grey and black markings. The costa, large orbicular and reniform spots and the wide subterminal band are pale grey, while the median and terminal areas are darker grey. There is a short thick black basal dash, and the claviform spot and the area before the orbicular and between the orbicular and reniform are black. The inner margin of the dark terminal band is not streaked into the pale subterminal area as it is in E. servita, and the outer part of the pale postmedian line is usually lightly scalloped between the veins, with black scales extending into the subterminal area along the veins. The hindwings are smoky grey-brown, darker in females.\n\nVery similar to the more common E. servita. The ear-like flanges on the tip if the ovipositor lobes will separate females of auripennis from those of E. servita. Males can usually be separated by the even (not streaked) border along the inner edge of the terminal band, and the scalloped outer edge of the postmedian line. E. auripennis was described in 1974. Prior to that it was included with E. servita, which in turn was treated by Bowman (1951) as a subspecies of redimicula. All three are now treated as separate species, but only servita and auripennis are known to occur in Alberta. Consequently published records for servita from prior to 1974 may refer to servita, auripennis or both species.\n" 3/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4386-Habitat 4386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodland and edges, including aspen and cottonwood groves." 3/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4386-LifeCycle 4386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults of the single brood are on the wing in late summer and early fall. They are attracted to both light and sugar bait. 3/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4386-TrophicStrategy 4386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Other members of the genus utilize a wide variety of herbaceous plants as larval hosts. 3/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4443-ConservationStatus 4443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4443-Cyclicity 4443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May through August, with the peak in June." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4443-Distribution 4443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental, north to the Northwest Territories; in Alberta albidula occurs throughout the boreal forest, aspen parklands and foothills regions." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4443-GeneralDescription 4443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.0-2.2 cm.) pale almost unmarked broad-winged little moth easily mistaken for a small geometrid moth or one of the deltoid noctuids, i.e. Zanclognatha. The forewings are dull white mottled with very pale yellow-brown and a with a light brown fringe with a few white scales at the veins. The hindwings are dull white with a light tan cast and with scattered light brown scales near the margin. The ventral surfaces zre darker, with the forewings in particular dusted with brown scales. The palps and legs are dusted with dark brown. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4443-Habitat 4443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open mesic areas with tall grasses and other low vegetation. 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4443-LifeCycle 4443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adult flight period is long, and there may be at least a small second brood. The adults are easily flushed during the day, but also come to light at night." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4443-TrophicStrategy 4443 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere grasses (Rockburne and Lafontaine, 1976)." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4250-ConservationStatus 4250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species; no obvious concerns. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4250-Cyclicity 4250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June through early August. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4250-Distribution 4250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread across the northern states and southern Canada, from Massachusetts to interior British Columbia, south to New Mexico and Arizona. In Alberta it has been collected north to the southern edge of the boreal forest and west to the foothills at Calgary." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4250-GeneralDescription 4250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-3.8 cm wingspan) mottled grey-brown and red-brown moth. The mottled forewing is made up of pale coppery and gray shading between areas of darker brown. The orbicular is small and round with a dark center, and stands out prominently against the background. The reniform is incompletely outlined in pale scales. The hindwings in males are dirty white or pale cream with darker scales along the veins and outer margin. Female hindwings have more extensive dark scaling than males. The lighter coppery brown areas on the forewings will help separate pleuritica from similar species such as E. pestula. \n\nMale genital characters include right harpe 1/2 length of right saccular extension, left saccular extension shorter (0.9 times) than the right one. Right saccular extension long, ½ length of valve and sacculus crescentic or slightly oval. Separated from tessellata by the flattened blade-like saccular extensions in pleuritica (cylindrical and pointed in tessellata). Females of pleuritica have apically rounded ovipositor lobes with fine setae (truncate with short conical setae in tessellata). \nEuxoa pleuritica belongs to the subgenus Pleonectopoda, characterized by the prominent twist or subbasal coil in the vesica of the male. There are no characters that can be used to identify females as members of the subgenus. Keys to the subgenus and species are presented in Lafontaine, 1987." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4250-Habitat 4250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas with light soils, including open pine forest on sand, old dunes, etc." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4250-LifeCycle 4250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. The larvae are known only from lab-reared material. There is a single brood each year. Larvae overwinter and have a long summer aestivation. The adults come to light. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4250-TrophicStrategy 4250 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere Russian thistle (Salsola sp). Probably a generalist on other low-growing herbs. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4252-ConservationStatus 4252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No special status (IUCN 2002). 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4252-Cyclicity 4252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge from July to September. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4252-Distribution 4252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta to southern Quebec, as far south as North Carolina and Nebraska (Larson et al. 2000). Some records from Oregon, Wyoming and Colorado." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4252-GeneralDescription 4252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium size (24.2 to 28.1 mm), elongate body (Larson et al. 2000). Dark brown or black - some with green appearance. Small chevron between eyes. Basal antennal segments yellow, progressively darker toward tips. Pronotum with basal margin narrowly yellow or brown-black, anterior margin narrowly yellow and lateral margins broadly yellow. Yellow prosternum and prothorax, remainder of ventral surface dark red or brown-black. Forelegs yellow, femur of middle legs yellow to brown-black, hind legs brown-black." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4252-Habitat 4252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Permanent, mature ponds and marshes (Larson et al. 2000). Associated with aquatic macrophytes." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4252-LifeCycle 4252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinter as adults in water or on land (Larson et al. 2000). Late fall or early spring mating. Univoltine (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985). Strong swimmers, hind legs move together while swimming. Adults attracted to lights." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4252-TrophicStrategy 4252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Predatory - active swimmers (Larson et al. 2000). Invertebrate and fish larvae prey. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5153-ConservationStatus 5153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon in Alberta; elsewhere may achieve pest status. 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5153-Cyclicity 5153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta July and early August. 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5153-Distribution 5153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in the United States, and in particular in the east and along the Pacific Coast, ranging north into the southern parts of Canada. In Alberta it has been found north to Edmonton and Nordegg." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5153-GeneralDescription 5153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.0- 3.5 cm wingspan) wasp-like clear-wing moth. Females are much larger than males. The body is black, with some yellow streaking and 4 or more narrow yellow bands around the abdomen. The legs are largely dull yellow. The wings, where scaled, are dark olive and red-brown, and there is a prominent dark discal bar. Males are easy to separate from other Alberta sesiids as this is the only species with bipectinate antennae. Females are smaller than other yellow-banded Alberta sesiids, and the wing pattern is noticeable different. Closely related to but apparently distinct from the Palearctic P. hylaeformis Laspeyres." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5153-Habitat 5153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Associated with Raspberry (Rubus, including garden plantations." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5153-LifeCycle 5153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A borer in the roots and root crowns of Rubus sp. Although some complete the life cycle in a single year, most require two years to complete development. Adults are diurnal. Although a pest in commercial plantations in some areas, it is apparently uncommon in Alberta and thus of little significance." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5153-TrophicStrategy 5153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae are borers in the rootstock and root crowns of raspberry and blackberry (Rubus sp.) 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5192-ConservationStatus 5192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Local and rare in Alberta, but no obvious concerns." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5192-Cyclicity 5192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta specimens have been collected in early June. 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5192-Distribution 5192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to British Columbia, but apparently rare everywhere. In Alberta it has been collected in the dunes southeast Edgerton and in the Red Deer River valley north of Jenner." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5192-GeneralDescription 5192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large pale grey moth without prominent markings. Forewings more pointed than in most noctuids, powdery pale grey with the orbicular and reniform spots and postmedian lines variably but faintly marked by white scales. Hindwings shining white. Similar to A. oblinita, but larger and with wings narrower, more pointed and without the darker markings. Also the row of dark terminal dots, which is prominent in oblinita, is obscure or lacking in lanceolaria. Antennae simple." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5192-Habitat 5192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry or sandy habitats with cherry and other shrubs. 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5192-LifeCycle 5192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood and the adults are attracted to light. 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5192-TrophicStrategy 5192 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data: elsewhere reported larval hosts include Large-tooth aspen (Populus grandidenata), willow (Salix) and cherry (Prunus) (Rockburne and Lafontaine 1996). Prentice lists single larval host records for four tree species; tamarack (Larix), Red pine (Pinus), poplar (Populus) and white birch (Betula papyrifera)." 12/10/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3310-ConservationStatus 3310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A species that should be watched for, especially in the southern part of the province." 7/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3310-Cyclicity 3310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity August to September. 7/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3310-Distribution 3310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Klots (1942) in describing the species, has it from British Columbia, Manitoba, Washington, Montana, South Dakota, Iowa and Maine. Reported for Alberta from the Lethbridge area by Bowman (1951) and collected in Edmonton by F. Sperling." 7/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3310-GeneralDescription 3310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized Crambus (21-29 mm wingspan). Forewing yellowish-brown, discal silvery stripe broad, somewhat scimitar shaped, not crossed by dark brown lines and lacking a tooth of the underside of the stripe; lacking a sinuous white submedial line; also lacking a white patch beyond the stripe; wing base with costal brown area reduced to a single line. Hindwings grayish, fringe dirty white. The gnathos (uncus) of the male genitalia is narrow at base, broadening dorsally and appearing spoon shaped (Klots 1942). Close to Crambus leachellus which has the gnathos (uncus) of the male genitalia narrow throughout, the hindwings white; and the forewings with the subterminal area paler than the median area while the terminal line has five black dashes." 7/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3310-Habitat 3310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland areas. 7/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3310-LifeCycle 3310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown. McDaniel et al (1984) state that Klots (pers. comm.) considered C. ainslieellus, like C. leachellus, to be almost continent-wide in distribution with ainslieellus being rare or uncommon; however, they found ainsliellus to be the commoner of the two in western South Dakota." 7/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3310-TrophicStrategy 3310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown, but probably grass roots." 7/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5273-ConservationStatus 5273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5273-Cyclicity 5273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight from early June through August; 2nd flight can occur in mid to late August. 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5273-Distribution 5273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widely distributed species in temperate North America. Most commonly found in the West at low elevations except the arid Southwest (EPPO, Furniss & Carolin 1977)." 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5273-GeneralDescription 5273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Larvae dark green or brown with brown to black head at maturity. Pupa dark, reddish brown and usually found in folded leaves. Adults brownish red with darker, oblique band across center of forewing (Furniss & Carolin 1977). Wingspread approx 25 mm. Hind wing light in color with fringe along posterior edge." 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5273-Habitat 5273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodlands. 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5273-LifeCycle 5273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults emerge in mid to late June and eggs are laid shortly thereafter. Larvae emerge in approximately 2 weeks and typically disperse on silken threads. Larvae start feeding and then either enter diapause in a sheltered place in second or third instar or continue development for a second generation. If second generation is produced, the larvae enter diapause and hibernate in second or third instar. Larvae emerge after leaf-flush in the spring and start feeding again. On fruit trees, the larvae feed on floral parts within bud clusters, continue feeding on flowers during bloom, and eventually feed on fruit and expanding leaves. Larvae typically pupate after sixth larval instar. Populations vary from mostly producing one generation per year in northern climates to mostly producing two generations per year in southern, warmer climates (EPPO 2004, Hunter & McNeil 1997, Hunter & McNeil 2000)." 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5273-TrophicStrategy 5273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polyphagous, but prefers hosts from the Rosaceae family. It is considered a pest in apple, pear, and peach orchards. It also occurs on soft fruits such as blueberries and raspberries, on ornamental shrubs, on a wide variety of other deciduous tree species (EPPO 2004), and has occasionally been found feeding on pines (Otvos 1991)." 1/27/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5292-ConservationStatus 5292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This is a rather rare and local species of the native arid grasslands region. 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5292-Distribution 5292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "It is distributed mainly throughout the Great Plains, from west Texas, New Mexico and Arizona west to northern Nevada north to southern Alberta and south central Saskatchewan. In Alberta is has been collected from the lower Red Deer River (Dinosaur Provincial Park) and Lethbridge area south." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5292-GeneralDescription 5292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth with streaky forewings. The ground color is orange-brown and buff, overlaid with dark brown and black longitudinal streaks along the veins. The costa and veins are dusted and lined with paler scales. The dark orbicular mark in an elongated streak, the reniform a dark blotch, and the claviform is long and partially filled with lighter scales. There is a broad diffuse dark subterminal line. The hindwings are dark grey to black with a pale fringe. The streaky appearance and early spring flight period will separate it from similar species." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5292-Habitat 5292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Daedalus is a species of the arid grasslands region, where it can be found in native grasslands in areas with light or sandy soils." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5292-LifeCycle 5292 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very poorly known. The immature stages are unknown. There is a single annual brood with adults in the spring. 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5301-ConservationStatus 5301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread; common 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5301-Cyclicity 5301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June-July 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5301-Distribution 5301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "NS west across southern Canada to southen BC, north to AK and YT, and south at least into MT." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5301-GeneralDescription 5301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Two very different forms. A medium-sized very dark chocolate or red-brown moth, dusted and shaded with blackish. FW veins black with a few light scales, pattern normal, black where visible, but often lost. Lines fine, single, scalloped, the claviform a small loop, the orb. and ren. often vaguely marked by pale scales, sometimes obsolete. ST obscure, but usually indicated by prceding black wedges. HW sooty brown, with darkening along the veins and a discal mark, fringes paler.\nAntennae simple; sexes similar." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5301-Habitat 5301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open woodlands, meadows and grasslands." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5301-TrophicStrategy 5301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Probably grasses. 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3144-ConservationStatus 3144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3144-Cyclicity 3144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from early May to the end of August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3144-Distribution 3144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extends from British Columbia and Alberta, south to California and New Mexico, except Nevada. In Alberta, this species can found in the foothills, but mainly in the mountains." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3144-GeneralDescription 3144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are brown and the vertex of the head is black. Spurs are dark brown and the hindwings are clear and distally dark brown. There are meso-dorsal processes on lobes of segment 10, in males. Clasper distal article's distal edge is linear (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3144-Habitat 3144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Turbulent boulder to smooth-flowing, pebble creeks." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3144-LifeCycle 3144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Collection records indicate two generations in one summer in Idaho, however in Alberta, records indicate only one generation (Nimmo, 1971).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3144-TrophicStrategy 3144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3145-ConservationStatus 3145 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3145-Cyclicity 3145 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early August to early September. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3145-Distribution 3145 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species has only been recorded from Waterton National Park in Alberta. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3145-GeneralDescription 3145 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are very dark with paler inter-annular sutures. Vertex of the head is almost black with slightly paler warts. In males, segment 10 is massive, apparently an extension of the dorsum of segment 9 (Nimmo, 1977).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3145-Habitat 3145 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small, shallow, subalpine creeks on gravel or bedrock." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3145-TrophicStrategy 3145 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3146-ConservationStatus 3146 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3146-Cyclicity 3146 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid-August to mid-October. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3146-Distribution 3146 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from the Rocky Mountains, from Montana and Alberta (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3146-GeneralDescription 3146 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are light yellowish brown and the vertex of the head is deep reddish brown with paler warts. In males, the clasper distal article is deeply cleft. The clasper's upper lobe is rounded and lower lobe is pointed (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3146-Habitat 3146 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "From small, turbulent, rocky creeks to alpine trickles." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3146-LifeCycle 3146 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Fall emergence.\n\n 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3146-TrophicStrategy 3146 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3147-ConservationStatus 3147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3147-Cyclicity 3147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from early September to early October. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3147-Distribution 3147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has only been recorded from the Kananaskis and Banff areas, in Alberta (Nimmo, 1977)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3147-GeneralDescription 3147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are brown and the vertex of the head, almost black. The spurs are yellow-brown, with the middle and hind spurs long and heavy. In males, segment 9's dorsum is long and saddle-like. The dorso-median process of segment 10 is slender, turning abruptly dorsad to a needle-like tip (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3147-Habitat 3147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species has only been recorded from the Kananaskis and Banff areas. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3147-TrophicStrategy 3147 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3149-ConservationStatus 3149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3149-Cyclicity 3149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from mid-July to the end of August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3149-Distribution 3149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range extends from Alberta, south to Colorado and California. In Alberta, it is mainly confined to the mountains and foothills (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3149-GeneralDescription 3149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are dark brown and the vertex of the head is almost black. Spurs are dark brown. In males, the basal article of the clasper is massive. The article is tapered and is about 4 times the size of the distal article. The distal article has a small hook at the upper corner (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3149-Habitat 3149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Varies from small, pebble creeks to large, fast, rocky rivers." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3149-TrophicStrategy 3149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3150-Cyclicity 3150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in October. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3150-Distribution 3150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Range extends from Alaska, south to British Columbia and Alberta." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3150-GeneralDescription 3150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult antennae are brown and the vertex of the head is anteriorly dark brown and lighter posteriorly. Spurs are yellow-brown. The dorso-posterior edge of segment 9 in males is produced posterad into a thumb-like process. Segment 10 is evident as a pair of rounded lobes (Nimmo, 1971)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3150-Habitat 3150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small, very shallow, cold, alpine moraine creeks." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3150-TrophicStrategy 3150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are probably predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5882-ConservationStatus 5882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "According to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC 2005a, 2005b) this species is not in any risk category." 5/29/06 13:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5882-Cyclicity 5882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Male and female adults forage from May to September (Buddle 2000), but are more common from late May to mid June (Buddle et al 2000)." 5/29/06 13:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5882-Distribution 5882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Newfoundland, south to northern California (Dondale & Redner 1990)." 5/29/06 13:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5882-GeneralDescription 5882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pardosa mackenziana belongs to the Pardosa nigra group which is represented in Canada and Alaska by four more species (Lowrie & Dondale 1981 in Dondale & Redner 1990). Most of wolf spiders are very similar and usually differences are based on male and female sexual characters, however, size, distribution and coloration patterns usually help to differentiate some species. Carapace (dorsal portion of the head region or cephalothorax) broad, dark brown with a dorso-medial longitudinal lighter band which is constricted in its anterior third, no marginal bands present. Mouthparts: Chelicerae and fangs the same color as carapace; labium, endites slightly lighter in color with a pale anterior border. Sternum (ventral plate between legs) light brown. Femora (3rd leg segment) and tibia (5th leg segment) dusky with three inconspicuous lighter rings; patella (4th leg segment), metatarsi (6th leg segment) and tarsi (7th leg segment) brown. Abdomen with no markings, dorsally dark, lighter ventrally. Males and Females similar in coloration pattern but males smaller. Male palps (see additional picture, articulated appendages anterior to 1st pair of legs): Medial apophysis (ma in palp image) with two projections, anterior projection longer, curved and with several minute “teeth” on its tip, posterior projection smaller, rounded (rather conical); terminal apophysis (ta in palp image) slender and curved, with internal border toothed. Female epigynum (see additional picture, located in the anterior ventral side of the abdomen): Longer than wide, with two lateral dark swellings (1 in image), median septum with anterior part long and narrow (2 in image) and posterior part broader and ridged (3 in image)." 5/29/06 13:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5882-Habitat 5882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ground-dwelling species, shows no affinity to a certain habitat." 5/29/06 13:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5882-LifeCycle 5882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This is one of the most common species and could be found in different habitats, such as spruce, lodgepole pine, oak, poplar and birch forests, salt marshes, sphagnum bogs and along shores of seas and lakes (Dondale & Redner 1990; Nordstrom & Buckle 2002). Although this species has general habitat requirements, results have showed a higher abundance of P. mackenziana on surface of logs than in surrounding habitats, especially females carrying egg sacs, probably for warming up themselves and egg sacs (Buddle, 2001), this species prefer open areas in the forest having negative correlation with shade (Buddle 2000). This species co-occur with Pardosa moesta, but depending on the degree of canopy closure, densities of these two species differ (P. mackenziana more abundant in closed canopy stands while P. moesta more abundant in open stands) (Buddle et al 2000). Pardosa mackenziana has been reported as biennial (Buddle 2000), overwintering one time as immature and one time as subadult having the reproductive season between early May to late June." 5/29/06 13:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5882-TrophicStrategy 5882 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Generalist predator, no information available." 5/29/06 13:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5978-ConservationStatus 5978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not a concern. 1/8/07 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5978-Distribution 5978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found across North America wherever Opuntia species grow. Found in the Lethbridge, short grass prairie biome, Southern Alberta." 1/8/07 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5978-GeneralDescription 5978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "In Alberta there are no other cactus bugs to confuse with Chelinidea vittiger. Chelinidea vittiger can be distinguished from other coreid genera by its generally wider abdomen and by having a row or two of ornamental, hind-femur spines. Other Chelinidea species with which to confuse C. vittiger are C. canyona and C. hunteri. The anterior leathery halves of the hemielytra have five visible veins, the second vein in from the outside is forked, and the posterior, membranous portion is intricately veined. Chelinidea hunteri has a small, non-flaring abdoment. Chelinidea vittiger's head is typically dark with a central tan or pale yellow stripe, though colouring ranges from completely tan to multicoloured (tans, reds and blacks). Chelinidea hunteri has a smaller rostrum but tan colouring (Herring 1980). Chelinidea vittiger's antennal have four, dark segments compared to Chelinidea canyona's antennae made of three, typically lighter, foliaceous antennae (antennae that are broad, flat, resembling succulents stems). Chelinidea canyona and Chelinidea vittiger only occur together at the southern portion of C. vittiger's range." 1/8/07 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5978-Habitat 5978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species is associated with Opuntia cactus species from Mexico to southern parts of Western Canada (Henry & Froeschner 1988). 1/8/07 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5978-LifeCycle 5978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid on the underside of Opuntia species stems, nymphs reside upon same plant for entire life times (Hunter 1912, reference not seen). These insects are highly host specific and can be displaced by novel invaders, making them poor biological control agents. This species was noted to starve rather than find a new host plant if its original was destroyed (Dodd 1940). This species is purported to be univoltine but may take two years to complete its life cycle in northern climes (Shuh and Slater 1995). The females are similar in morphology and colour to the males but larger (Herring 1980)." 1/8/07 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5978-TrophicStrategy 5978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The nymphs and the adults feed only on the vascular fluid of the host plant they were born on. 1/8/07 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4754-Distribution 4754 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In the United States, C. opuntiae is reported from Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Texas, Washington and Wyoming (Thomas 1983). This species is known only from Alberta in Canada (Thomas 1983)." 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4754-GeneralDescription 4754 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species has a robust, oval deep bodied shape and a color ranging from green to purpleish black. C. opuntiae has the anterolateral margins of its pronotum thickened and reflexed. This species has a long rostrum obtaining its 4th abdominal sternum. Ventroposteriour protuberance of pygophore low and broad. This species exhibits regional variability with the northern specimens darker and near 16 mm in size and the southern specimens green and smaller (Thomas 1983). Length 11-16 mm." 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4754-Habitat 4754 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found on Opuntia polyacantha (Scudder and Thomas 1987). 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4754-LifeCycle 4754 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Esselbaugh described this species as being found on prickly pear cactus (Thomas 1983). 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4754-TrophicStrategy 4754 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Found on Opuntia polyacantha (Scudder and Thomas 1987). 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4755-Cyclicity 4755 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected from March to August. 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4755-Distribution 4755 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is confined to the western half of the continent having been reported from the Pacific coast to Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota and South Dakota and to Saskatchewan in Canada (Buxton et al. 1983). The extensive records of C. uhleri in eastern Canada refer to C. persimilis (an eastern species) (Scudder and Thomas 1987). Similarly, many of the British Columbia records refer to other species (Scudder and Thomas 1987)." 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4755-GeneralDescription 4755 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The dorsum of this species is generally pale green. C. uhleri has reflexed anterolateral margins of the pronotum. The pronotum, corium and scutellum exhibit numerous pale callosities, scutellum withwith three distinct calosites at base and a pale apex. Costal margin pale. Rostrum just surpassing hind coxae. C. uhleri is extremely similar in appearance to C. sayi and they have nearly identical male genitalia, historically the two have often been confused. However, C. uhleri has a membrane without purple flecks, the embolium is apically wider and the calosites on the scutellum are smaller. Furthermore, Buxton et al. 1983 showed that there are no records for C. sayi north of 46°N. Length 12-16 mm." 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4755-TrophicStrategy 4755 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species can be a serious pest on wheat in some years, attacking developing grain. The damage initially attributed to C. sayi in western Canada was caused by C. uhleri (Buxton et al. 1983). In the United States this species is most common on Salsoa spp., Descurainia pinnata, Medicago sativa, Triticum aestivum, and Sisymbrium attissimum. In British Columbia has been taken on Balsamorhiza sagittata (Scudder and Thomas 1987)." 7/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5233-ConservationStatus 5233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon and local species in Alberta. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5233-Cyclicity 5233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta it flies in late June and July. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5233-Distribution 5233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Another western species. In Alberta it has been collected only in the extreme southeastern corner. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5233-GeneralDescription 5233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A. duanca is a medium-size dark blackish or red-brown Abagrotis superficially resembling a number of other Abagrotis sp., including placida, hermina, dodi and reedi. The contrasting pale-tipped scales of the prothoracic collar are diagnostic. The reniform and round orbicular are usually ringed with pale scales, which also mark the subterminal line. The hindwings are dull black." 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5233-Habitat 5233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry sagebrush grasslands. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5233-LifeCycle 5233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood. Adults come to light 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5233-TrophicStrategy 5233 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larnval host is reported to be sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata) (Lafontaine, 1998); other species of sagebrush are undoubtedly also used." 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4583-ConservationStatus 4583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Very localized distribution in Alberta, found only in association with the host." 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4583-Cyclicity 4583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No Alberta data; elsewhere adults fly in June (McGuffin 1972). 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4583-Distribution 4583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern BC south to UT and CA. In Alberta, known only from the Crowsnest Pass (Prentice 1963)." 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4583-GeneralDescription 4583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-sized, grey geometrid with black antemedian (AM) and post-median (PM) lines across the forewing. The dark wedges along the forewing costa typical of the genus are poorly defined in setonana. Similar to D. decorata, D. curvata and D. rippertaria, which also have the black, even forewing transverse lines. Habitat and distribution will narrow down species identity, but genitalic dissection is necessary to confirm identification; see McGuffin (1972) for genitalic keys and illustrations." 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4583-Habitat 4583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane coniferous woods. 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4583-LifeCycle 4583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "McGuffin (1972) gives a detailed description of the immature stages. The larvae are remarkable mimics of juniper twigs, complete with intricate green and white markings resembling leaf scales. In BC, this species is able to overwinter in either the egg or pupal stage, flying in June or September (Duncan 2003)." 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4583-TrophicStrategy 4583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on Rocky Mountain Juniper (Juniperus scopulorum), occasionally also on Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata); the paucity of records on cedar and the absence of setonata records over most of the range of Western Red Cedar suggests that cedar is not a regular host." 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4607-ConservationStatus 4607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concern. 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4607-Cyclicity 4607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Alberta records are for late May and August, possibly indicating two broods." 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4607-Distribution 4607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Manitoba to BC, south to Utah (McGuffin 1972)." 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4607-GeneralDescription 4607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewing uniform gray with a bold black AM and PM line and discal spot. Subterminal area shaded dark. Hindwing with faint discal spot and PM line. Very similar to the dark form of M. hebetata, but hebetata lacks the contrasting dark submarginal band distal to the PM line. Decorata also usually has a thin white area bordering the outer margin of the PM line of the hindwing, absent in hebetata." 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4607-Habitat 4607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie badlands. 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4607-LifeCycle 4607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The mature larva is green with paler lines and a yellow lateral stripe (McGuffin 1972). No other life history information is available. 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4607-TrophicStrategy 4607 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on willows (Salix spp.) (McGuffin 1972). 5/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4608-ConservationStatus 4608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4608-Cyclicity 4608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid May to late July; most common in mid July. 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4608-Distribution 4608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A holarctic species, the North American populations (hebetata) ranging from Yukon to Labrador, south to Colorado (McGuffin 1972)." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4608-GeneralDescription 4608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adults come in two distinct forms, the most recognizable one with two evenly curved, bold black lines across the forewing, the other with the lines more faint and thin. The dark-lined form was once thought to be a distinct species (ponderosa B. & McD.). Very similar to M. decorata, but rippertaria lacks the contrasting dark submarginal band distal to the PM line. Decorata also usually has a thin white area bordering the outer margin of the PM line of the hindwing, absent in rippertaria. The typical form of rippertaria is reminiscent of M. neptaria, but neptaria has a two-toned PM line (dark with a light distal border). The PM line is also much more sinuous in rippertaria. Until recently\nNorth American rippertaria were treated as a separate species, M. hebetata, and were placed in the genus Semiothisa; hebatata is now considered to be a North American subspecies of rippertaria. (Scoble, 1999)\n" 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4608-Habitat 4608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal and parkland woods and shrubland. 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4608-LifeCycle 4608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "McGuffin (1972) noted that the green phase of the larva produced adult males and females of the typical colour form, while brown larvae produced males and females of the typical and dark-lined form. Adults lay eggs on the upper surface of willow leaves; they hatch in about eight days. Larval development takes about 31 days, with pupae overwintering. (McGuffin 1972)." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4608-TrophicStrategy 4608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on willow (Salix sp.), but it is not clear if more than one or a few species are suitable; given the species' wide geographic range, it is likely a generalist on Salix species. A single collection on aspen (Populus) likely indicates a wandering larvae or an error.(Prentice 1963)." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4623-ConservationStatus 4623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4623-Cyclicity 4623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late May to early August, peaking in mid to late June." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4623-Distribution 4623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Yukon to Ontario, south to CA and IL (McGuffin 1972). Despite the wide distribution of this species, records are lacking for much of boreal transcontinental Canada." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4623-GeneralDescription 4623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Light grey in colour, with a whitish ground colour; three black wedges along the forewing costa, sometimes with a fourth subapical wedge. Forewing AM, PM and median band developed equally, not dark and bold. Distinguished by the absence of the bold AM and PM lines, and a lighter ground colour than most other Digrammia, giving it a more contrasting appearance." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4623-Habitat 4623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry woodlands and aspen parkland. 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4623-LifeCycle 4623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life history and immature stages are incompletely known; the egg and first instar larva are described by McGuffin (1972). Adults come to light. Handfield (1999) states that this is a species of open, mesic woodlands and bogs, but it in Alberta it occurs in much drier habitats. Perhaps more than one species is included under this name." 5/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2969-ConservationStatus 2969 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2969-Cyclicity 2969 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2969-Distribution 2969 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ontario (Chiasson 1986), Alberta (Heming Pers. Comm. In chiasson)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2969-GeneralDescription 2969 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 1.1 to 1.5mm in length and is mainly dark brown. The pedicel of antennal segment 3 and the legs vary between a lighter brown and a yellowish brown. The head is smooth, and somewhat wider than long. The compound eyes are relatively small, though somewhat larger in macropterous specimens. Ocelli are absent in apterous specimens, and present in macropterous specimens. The postocular setae are long and dilated. Antennal segment 3 is small and lacks sense cones, segment 4 has 1 inner and 1 outer sense cone, and segment 8 is broadly attached to segment 7 though it narrows at the base. In macropterous specimens antennal segment 3 also has 1 outer sense cone. The mouth cone is pointed and most of the major setae on the prothorax are long and dilated. The epimeral setae are pointed. The epimeral sutures vary from almost complete to incomplete. Females are apterous or macropterous, and males are apterous. Macropterous specimens have light gray forewings that lack accessory cilia. The pelta is broadly oval, and there is no distinct glandular area on abdominal sternite 8 on males (Stannard 1968)." 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2969-Habitat 2969 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sphagnum and moss litter (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2969-LifeCycle 2969 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2969-TrophicStrategy 2969 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Feeds on mosses (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2970-ConservationStatus 2970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2970-Cyclicity 2970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2970-Distribution 2970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson 1986), New York, Michigan (Mound and Marullo 1996)." 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2970-GeneralDescription 2970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2970-Habitat 2970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In bogs, and tree branches in bogs (Chiasson 1986)." 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2970-LifeCycle 2970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2970-TrophicStrategy 2970 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species feeds on fungal mycelium (Chiasson 1986). 5/15/03 0:00 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3392-ConservationStatus 3392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3392-Cyclicity 3392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected from May through August. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3392-Distribution 3392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Saskatchewan, B.C. (Chiasson, 1986), Maine, New York (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3392-GeneralDescription 3392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body is slender. Antennal segment 1 not enlarged, and segment 2 is barely produced at the apex. Vertex of the head with three pairs of setae. Interocellar setae are located slightly in front of the fore ocellus. The mesonotum and metanotum both lack numerous short stout setae, though there are a few pairs present (Stannard, 1968)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3392-Habitat 3392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasses, sedges, Hordeum jubatum, Melilotus sp., Urtica sp. (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3392-LifeCycle 3392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This is the dominant Chirothrips sp. in Alberta (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3392-TrophicStrategy 3392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3393-ConservationStatus 3393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3393-Cyclicity 3393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Undocumented 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3393-Distribution 3393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986), Wyoming, Kansas, New Mexico, Iowa, South Dakota, Arizona (Zur Strassen, 1967)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3393-GeneralDescription 3393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is dark brown, and the distal half of the fore tibiae are paler, with fore tarsi gray-brown, and mid and hind tarsi pale brown. Forewings are brown, and hind wings are dark brown. Vertex has four ante-ocellar setae. Antennal segment 1 is small, and segment 2 is somewhat produced at the outer distal edge which is broadly rounded. Antennal segments 3 and 4 each have a simple sense cone. The principle sense cone on antennal segment 5 is on the inner distal edge of the segment. The pronotum is slender, and the dorsal surface has short transverse scallop-like lines across the pronotum. Males are brachypterous. Abdomen is slender, with tergites and sternites having long, nearly parallel, transverse lines (Zur Strassen, 1967)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3393-Habitat 3393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasses (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3393-LifeCycle 3393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3393-TrophicStrategy 3393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented.. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3394-ConservationStatus 3394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3394-Cyclicity 3394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult collected in June. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3394-Distribution 3394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986)" 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3394-GeneralDescription 3394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3394-Habitat 3394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grasses (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3394-LifeCycle 3394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3394-TrophicStrategy 3394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/11/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5979-ConservationStatus 5979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/8/07 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5979-Cyclicity 5979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens in the Strickland Museum collected from mid June to late August. 1/8/07 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5979-Distribution 5979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Predominantly found throughout the north-western region of North America ranging from California to southern British Columbia and into Manitoba (Smetana, 1971), however specimens have also been collected in the Northwest Territories (Smetana, 1973) and Ontario (Smetana, 1976). Within Alberta the species has been collected as far north as Peace River, and as far south as Cypress hills." 1/8/07 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5979-GeneralDescription 5979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Colouration ranges from reddish black to black, with the head comparatively darker and pronotum paler than remainder of body (Smetana, 1971). Eyes appear large with temples extending the entire length of eyes when observed from above (Smetana, 1971). First setiferous puncture is located midway between the back of head and the rear margin of the eye, with a second puncture positioned closer to the rear margin of the eye (Smetana, 1971). The head and pronotum possess similar microsculpture, with the pronotum being curved at the base and not noticeably narrowed at front (Smetana, 1971). Elytra is comparatively short and dilated posteriorly with sides being equivalent to length of pronotum at midline (Smetana, 1971). In males, aedoeagus broad and curved forming small rounded tip; paramere broad with distinct v-shaped notch at tip." 1/8/07 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5979-Habitat 5979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Ground dwelling in a variety of forest floor debris and along edges of swampy pools (Smetana, 1973)." 1/8/07 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5979-LifeCycle 5979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Like other species of this genus, Quedius caseyi caseyi is documented as an effective indicator species of old-growth forest (Pohl et al., in press)." 1/8/07 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5979-TrophicStrategy 5979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Little known however sometimes collected in dung (Hatch, 1957)." 1/8/07 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5980-ConservationStatus 5980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/8/07 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5980-Cyclicity 5980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens in Strickland Museum collected in July. 1/8/07 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5980-Distribution 5980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A circumpolar species widely distributed across North America and northern parts of Eurasia. Within North America the species ranges from Alaska to Newfoundland and Labrador (Smetana, 1971)." 1/8/07 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5980-GeneralDescription 5980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Predominantly black in coloration with pronotum and elytra paler; palpi, legs, and antennae yellowish-brown in color (Smetana, 1971). Eyes are large and occupy a broad portion of the lateral region of the head with temples being considerably shorter than length of eyes (approximately 1/8 the length) (Smetana, 1971). The posterior frontal setiferous puncture is located at the hind-margin of the eye with one, sometimes two, additional punctures between it and the rear margin of eye (Smetana, 1971). The scutellum is punctate and the third antennal segment is equal in length to the second (Smetana, 1971). Elytra comparatively short and displays fine, dense punctuation and pubescence (Smetana, 1971). In males, paramere is clearly narrowed (often in a conical formation) towards the apex (Smetana, 1971)." 1/8/07 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5980-Habitat 5980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Predominantly hydrophilous however also abundant in tundra and dry biotopes; favours ground microhabitats of moss or debris and fallen leaves (Smetana, 1971)." 1/8/07 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5980-LifeCycle 5980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/8/07 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5980-TrophicStrategy 5980 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/8/07 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5981-ConservationStatus 5981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/8/07 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5981-Cyclicity 5981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Immature specimens collected from the end of July to the middle of September (Smetana, 1971) with mature specimens in the Strickland Museum collected from June to August." 1/8/07 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5981-Distribution 5981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A predominantly northern species with a transcontinental range from Alaska to Newfoundland and Labrador (Smetana, 1971). Specimens collected in Alberta range from as far north as Peace River and as far south as Cypress Hills." 1/8/07 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5981-GeneralDescription 5981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Nearly black to black in coloration, with elytra brownish red; palpi, antennae, and legs reddish brown (Smetana, 1971). Overall length ranging from 9.0 to 13.0 mm. Temples shorter than length of eyes (Smetana, 1971). Scutellum is punctuate, and the antennae are comparatively long with the third segment longer than second, and the middle antennal segments longer than wide (Smetana, 1971). Posterior frontal punctures located close to the hind margin of head, with an additional setiferous puncture positioned amongst the anterior and posterior punctures (Smetana, 1971). Pronotum is rounded broadly near the base and narrows slightly towards the front, overall is distinctly wider than elytra which is comparatively short (Smetana, 1971). In males, internal sack of the aedoeagus contains a short tooth located at the midline prior to a paired longitudinal structure of large size." 1/8/07 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5981-Habitat 5981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prefers swampy habitats in the south-eastern portion of range, but also found within deciduous leaf litter, moss, and in montane regions (Smetana, 1971)." 1/8/07 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5981-LifeCycle 5981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "One specimen displaying an apparent color morph consisting of a black elytra resulting in a uniformly black individual has been recorded (Smetana, 1973). The species has been documented as a strong indicator of open ground communities (Pohl et al., in press)." 1/8/07 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5981-TrophicStrategy 5981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Individuals have been collected on mushrooms (Smetana, 1971) suggesting either direct consumption, or consumption of polypore consumers." 1/8/07 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5982-ConservationStatus 5982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown. 1/8/07 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5982-Cyclicity 5982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult specimens in the Strickland Museum collected from early July to late August. 1/8/07 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5982-Distribution 5982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A holarctic species with wide distributions in both the nearctic and palearctic regions. Within Alberta the specimen has been collected as far north as Edmonton, and in the montane regions of the province." 1/8/07 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5982-GeneralDescription 5982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Species is between 5.5 and 9.0 mm and is black in coloration with the elytra, palpi, base of antennae, and apex of abdomen usually brownish red in color (Smetana, 1971). The pronotum and abdomen are nearly iridescent with the sides of the pronotum parallel and the sides of the elytra being longer than the midline of the pronotum (Smetana, 1971). The eyes are separated by more than twice their length (Hatch, 1957), are prominent and convex, and the temples are at most the length of the eyes (Smetana, 1971). The abdominal tergites are comparatively densely punctuated, however the first distinctly visible tergite is almost impunctate at the midline (Smetana, 1971)." 1/8/07 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5982-Habitat 5982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Species lives under bark of dead trees with an apparent preference for coniferous trees (Smetana, 1971)." 1/8/07 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5982-LifeCycle 5982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Species coloration and size characteristics are extremely variable. North American specimens commonly exhibit an entirely black morph with some regions containing only the black morph of the species (Smetana, 1971). Larvae are a parasitic host of Exallonyx obsoletus (Hymenoptera: Serphidae) (Hoebeke and Kovarik, 1988)." 1/8/07 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5982-TrophicStrategy 5982 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The adult is a predator of a variety of bark beetle larvae (Smetana, 1971)." 1/8/07 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4584-ConservationStatus 4584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of special concern in Alberta; likely restricted to Manitoba Maple stands. No recent records. 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4584-Cyclicity 4584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from mid June to mid July. 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4584-Distribution 4584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Essentially and eastern hardwood species, at the western edge of its range in east-central Alberta." 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4584-GeneralDescription 4584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species and M. ulsterata are very similar in appearance, but are quite distinctive compared to other Macaria. The forewing is cream-grey with three usually distinct transverse lines, and a bold brown patch in the middle outer third (distal to the postmedian (PM) line. The forewing is distinctly notched below the apex, accented by a dark fringe. Hindwing with discal spot and antemedian (AM) and PM lines, the margin coming to a distinct point, giving a nearly ""tailed"" appearance.\nM. ulsterata is larger with a paler white ground colour.\n" 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4584-Habitat 4584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No Alberta data available; likely retstricted to Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo) stands 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4584-LifeCycle 4584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A description and illustration of the larva is given in Wagner et al. (2001). Adults come to light (Handfield 1999). The larvae feed only on maples (Acer) (Wagner et al. 2001). The distribution and larval host records reported by Prentice (1963), and repeated by Handfield (1999) are in error, and are in part referable to the similar S. ulsterata. Known in Alberta only from the Lloydminster area; it is likely that this species will only be found in association with Manitoba Maple here." 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4584-TrophicStrategy 4584 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on maples (Wagner et al. 2001). Many hosts cited for this species by Prentice (1963) and Handfield (1999) are referable to S. ulsterata. Reports of locust (Robinia sp.) as a larval host (Forbes 1948) are also in error, as larvae are not able to feed on this species (Wagner et al. 2001)." 5/3/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4563-ConservationStatus 4563 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread and common. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4563-Cyclicity 4563 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta in July and August. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4563-Distribution 4563 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to British Colimbia, north to the Yukon and Northwest Territories and south at least to Colorado. In Alberta it has been colllected thoughout most of southern two-thirds of the province." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4563-GeneralDescription 4563 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.4-3.6 cm wingspan) rusty-brown or yellow-brown, or ocassionaly pink moth with few markings, the most prominent being the dark, somewhat smeared and elongated reniform spot. The postmedian and subterminal lines are usually visible as faint thin dark lines, edged with paler scales. The hindwings are like the forewings in color, but paler on the basal half and darker on the distal half, with an indistinct discal mark. Male antennae setose; female simple. Sexes similar. Paradiarsia littoralis is similar but smaller and has dark grey or black hindwings and bipectinate male antennae.\n\nUntil recently treated as A. indela or A. popofensis, which are now treated as subspecies of A. inficita (Troubridge and Lafontaine, in press). Older literature (i.e. Bowman, 1951) places inficita in the genus Agroperina\n" 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4563-Habitat 4563 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic meadows and woodland edges. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4563-LifeCycle 4563 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. A. inficita is sometimes common nectaring at flowers at dusk, and also comes to light. There is a single anuual brood. The larvae are apparently unknown.\n\n Although found in the foothills at Calgary and west of Bragg Creek, it has not yet been taken elsewhere in the foothills or mountain meadows in AB. The populations of popofensis in western Canada and the adjacent states have been treated as both ssp. lineosa and ssp. indela. Cook (1930) stated these were merely colour forms, although Hodges et al (1983) still treat these names as valid subspecies. Until recently this species was placed in the genus Agroperina, but Poole (1989) synonomized Agroperina and Apamea." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4563-TrophicStrategy 4563 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown. Related species oviposit on grass inflorescences, and use grasses as the host." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2973-ConservationStatus 2973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2973-Distribution 2973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in northern United States and across most of Canada. In Alberta this species is found mainly in the central regions, with a few collections in the extreme south and north. Additional collections may fill in the intervening regions." 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2973-GeneralDescription 2973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the chalybeus group, with large head and short elytra, each eltron with at least 4 complete, punctate striae, elytra more or less iridescent. Piceous to light bown, elytra usually palest, appendages paler. Microsculpture on disc of prothorax consisting of dense, transverse lines, therefore disc iridescent. Easily separated from other members of the group by the rounded hind angles of prothorax, with almost no sinuation of sides. Length 3.9-4.7 mm." 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2973-Habitat 2973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Usually occurs on meagre soild, among dead leaves under bushes in shady areas." 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2973-TrophicStrategy 2973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2978-ConservationStatus 2978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2978-Cyclicity 2978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity This species has been collected in July and August. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2978-Distribution 2978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in western United States and Canada. In Alberta this species is found from central Alberta south in the western regions. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2978-GeneralDescription 2978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the chalybeus group, with large head and short elytra, each eltron with at least 4 complete, punctate striae, elytra more or less iridescent. Piceous, outer margin of elytyra and oftern entire prothorax, brown, appendages paler but antenae more or less infuscated as a rule. Microsculpture on disc of prothorax open, forming evident meshes, slightly iridescent. Hind angles of prothorax more or less denticulate. Outer elytral striae obliterating, 5th more or less interrupted. Length 3.7-4.8 mm." 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2978-Habitat 2978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Often among dead leaves under Salix and Alnus; open grassland; near snow patches. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2978-LifeCycle 2978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle May overwinter in both larval and adult stages. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2978-TrophicStrategy 2978 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2979-ConservationStatus 2979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2979-Distribution 2979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is found in northwestern United States and western Canada. In Alberta the only collections have been in the southern third near the B.C. border. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2979-GeneralDescription 2979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the chalybeus group, with large head and short elytra, each eltron with at least 4 complete, punctate striae, elytra more or less iridescent. Larger and darker on an average than chalybeus, with broader prothorax. Microsculpture on disc of prothorax consisting of dense, transverse lines, therefore disc iridescent. Hind angles of prothorax always denticulate. Length 4.1-4.9 mm." 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2979-Habitat 2979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Usually mixed forests, nearly up to tree limit; under stones and logs, in moist areas." 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2979-TrophicStrategy 2979 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 5/20/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2981-ConservationStatus 2981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare in Alberta. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2981-Distribution 2981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "These beetles are found from southern British Columbia through the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico (Barr 1971, Bright 1987). One record is known from Alberta." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2981-GeneralDescription 2981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is easily recognized by its brilliant metallic blue or green colour with a reddish to purplish stripe on each elytron. The head and pronotum are covered with coarse evenly spaced punctures. The elytra, are more or less evenly punctured, and the costae are faint." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2981-Habitat 2981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montaine forest. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2981-LifeCycle 2981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life history is similar to the flatheaded cone borer, breeding in the trunk, limbs roots and cones of various conifer trees (Barr 1971, Furniss and Carolin 1977)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2981-TrophicStrategy 2981 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae of these beetles are known to feed on a wide variety of conifers including lodgepole pine, limber pine, alpine fir, and Douglas fir (Barr 1971, Furniss and Carolin 1977)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2785-ConservationStatus 2785 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2785-Cyclicity 2785 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking in June." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2785-Distribution 2785 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ranges from southern BC south throughout the western US (Opler 1999). The first confirmed Alberta specimen of this species was collected by Ted Pike in the Castle River region in 2002 (B.C. Schmidt, unpubl. data)." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2785-GeneralDescription 2785 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "In Alberta, this species is likely to be encountered only in the southern mountains south of the Crowsnest Pass, where the very similar Canadian Tiger Swallowtail (P. canadensis) also flies. The Western Tiger has yellow rather than red crescents along the margin of the hindwing underside, has a thicker black cap to the orange spot in the hindwing anal spot, and has a predominantly black rather than yellow forewing fringe." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2785-Habitat 2785 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane woodlands and along water courses. 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2785-LifeCycle 2785 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are smooth, green and round, laid singly on the host plant (Pyle 2002). Mature larvae are velvety green with a pair of yellow-rimmed eyespots and a yellow stripe on the mid-thoracic segment (Pyle 2002). The tan and brown-streaked pupa overwinters (Pyle 2002). This species tends to have an extended emergence period and a longer lifespan than smaller species (Pyle 2002)." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2785-TrophicStrategy 2785 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The Adults are avid flower visitors and males often mud-puddle (Guppy & Shepard 2001). Larvae feed on a variety of shrubs in B.C., including alder, apple, birch, cherry, poplar and willows (Guppy & Shepard 2001)." 3/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3449-ConservationStatus 3449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3449-Cyclicity 3449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in July and August. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3449-Distribution 3449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found at higher elevations in Colorado (Sakimura and O'Neill, 1979), and in Alberta and Saskatchewan (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3449-GeneralDescription 3449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body size varies around 1.2mm in length and is dark brown to black. Fore tibiae and tarsi are lighter brown or yellowish compared to body colour. Antennal segments 3 and 4 are paler than the rest of the antennal segments, which are dark brown like the rest of the body. Fore wings are dark brown, except for a paler spot just beyond the wing scale. Head is almost as long as wide and the pronotum has anastomosing lines of sculpture. Intermediate antennal segments are elongated, and antennal segment 8 is 3 times as long as wide. Females are macropterous (Hood, 1925). All body setae are short as is characteristic of members of the Minuta Complex (Sakimura and O'Neill, 1979)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3449-Habitat 3449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Arnica cordifolia, yarrow, prairie, alpine meadow and Dryas sp. (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3449-LifeCycle 3449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3449-TrophicStrategy 3449 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3450-ConservationStatus 3450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Damages peanuts, tobacco, cotton, and is a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus (Moritz et al., 2001)" 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3450-Cyclicity 3450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June through August. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3450-Distribution 3450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, Ontario (Chiasson, 1986), widespread through Canada, the US and southward to Mexico and Puerto Rico (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3450-GeneralDescription 3450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies from 1mm to 1.3mm in length, and is generally dark brown, with legs lighter in colour than the rest of the body, and forewings are a light grayish brown. Orange subintegumental pigment present in thorax and abdomen. Males are somewhat more yellowish and have brownish patches on the thorax and abdominal segments 1 and 2. The head is moderate in size, but not prolonged in front of the eyes. Interocellar setae are long relative to the post ocular setae. The sides of the pedicel are straight on antennal segment 3. Ocelli are present, but are reduced in brachypters. Major setae on the prothorax are moderately long with the inner anterior pair of setae smaller or about the same size as the dorsal length of the compound eye. Both sexes occur in macropterous and micropterous forms. An interrupted comb of setae is present along the posterior margin of abdominal tergite 8. Males have single, transverse, elipsoid glandular areas present on abdominal sternites 3 to 7 (Stannard, 1968)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3450-Habitat 3450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Peanuts, tobacco and cotton (Jacot-Guillarmod, 1974), various other plants (Moritz et al., 2001)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3450-LifeCycle 3450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3450-TrophicStrategy 3450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3451-ConservationStatus 3451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3451-Cyclicity 3451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult collected in June. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3451-Distribution 3451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta, and B.C. (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3451-GeneralDescription 3451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body varies around 1.3mm in length, and is a uniform dark brown. Antennal segment 3, and the tarsi are lighter brown than the main body colour. The remaining antennal segments and the legs are dark brown almost concolourous with the body. Forewings are light brown, and wing scales are brown at the base, and fade to white at the tip. The head is slightly wider than long, and ocelli are present. Interocellar setae are present. Maxillary palps are 3 segmented, and antennal segment 2 has short spines. The prothorax is wider than long. The inside margin of the hind tibia is armed with 8 stout spines. Forewings have 2 veins; the fore vein with 22 setae, and the hind vein with 18 (Treherne, 1924)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3451-Habitat 3451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dwarf birch, moss-heather, Cassiope sp. (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3451-LifeCycle 3451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3451-TrophicStrategy 3451 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/14/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5983-ConservationStatus 5983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 1/9/07 8:08 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5983-Cyclicity 5983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Immatures collected as early as May but predominantly between August and September (Smetana, 1971). Adult specimens in the Strickland Museum collected July to August." 1/9/07 8:08 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5983-Distribution 5983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species ranging from Oregon to southern Alaska, and east to Montana and western Alberta (Smetana, 1971). Within Alberta the species has been collected as far north as Peace River, and within the montane parks of Banff and Waterton." 1/9/07 8:08 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5983-GeneralDescription 5983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Species is nearly black to black with the abdominal apex and pronotum of paler coloration; elytra reddish black in coloration (Smetana, 1971). The head only moderately narrows dorsally behind the eyes which are flat and only slightly prominent; temples about as long as eyes (Smetana, 1971). The posterior frontal punctures are located in closer proximity to the posterior margin of the eye than that of the head (Smetana, 1971). The microsculpture of the head is dense and made up of irregular transverse lines displaying multiple short connections which form into a mesh at the front of the head (Smetana, 1971). The pronotum is broadly rounded near the base and narrows in a curve like fashion in the front. There is little to no microsculpture on the elytra surface between punctures. In males, the aedoeagus is small and narrowed, with the paramere being dilated at the front and narrowed at the apex (Smetana, 1971)." 1/9/07 8:08 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5983-Habitat 5983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found predominantly in montane forest regions within ground litter, decaying logs, and old mushrooms (Smetana, 1971)." 1/9/07 8:08 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5983-LifeCycle 5983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Evening flight has been observed in this species (Smetana, 1971). This species, like others in this genus, is documented as a strong indicator of old-growth forest (Pohl et al., in press)." 1/9/07 8:08 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5983-TrophicStrategy 5983 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Has been collected in old mushrooms (Smetana, 1971)." 1/9/07 8:08 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22608-ConservationStatus 22608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread and of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22608-Cyclicity 22608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to the end of July. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22608-Distribution 22608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across the boreal from British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Maine, New Hampshire, and Wyoming." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22608-GeneralDescription 22608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is slightly smaller than the similar A. dissitana and has dirtier looking markings. The forewing is light grey speckled or reticulated with darker grey and with dark grey full or partial bands in the basal, median, postmedian and subterminal areas. The hindwings are dark grey with a white costal margin. This species can be separated from the very rarely collected Archepandemis coniferana by the pattern of pale markings on the forewing. In A. coniferana, the middle pale costal spot is roughly continuous with the white band that extends down towards the anal angle, while in A. packardiana, these two markings are clearly disjunctive from each other.\nThe larva is green with short fine setae throughout. The head is darker greenish with darker black lines and the thoracic shield is green, variably blackish brown anterioirly." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22608-Habitat 22608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Widespread in the boreal forest and anywhere spruce or fir are found. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22608-LifeCycle 22608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The first instar larva mines needles and overwinters there. In the spring it continues to mine needles and in later instars it feeds externally on needles, spinning abundant silk . Pupation is done amongst the webbed needles. Adults frequnt lights and females oviposit on the foliage. (Duncan 2006)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22608-TrophicStrategy 22608 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "White Spruce (Picea glauca), Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmanni), Black Spruce (Picea mariana), Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea) (Duncan 2006)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4270-ConservationStatus 4270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common and widespread species; no concerns. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4270-Cyclicity 4270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in Alberta throughout August and September, with the peak in late August." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4270-Distribution 4270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Quebec and northern Pennsylvania, west across southern Canada to British Columbia, south to Arizona, New Mexico and California. In occurs in the southern half of Alberta from the lower foothills north into the southern edge of the boreal forest." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4270-GeneralDescription 4270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.6-3.9 cm wingspan). Head and body light brown, with a fine dark grey band on the prothoracic shield and along the edges of the tegulae.\nForewing costa cream-colored and contrasting strongly with the brown forewing. There is a short, thick black basal dash, and the antemedian and postmedian lines are narrow and black, the later slightly scalloped at the veins. The large, rectangular reniform, and the orbicular and claviform are outlined in black, with the first two filled with cream-colored scales like the costa. The area beyond the postmedian line is slightly paler than the rest of the wing, but darkens toward the outer margin. The lower half of the basal half of the wing is darker grey or grey brown. The fringe is pale brown. The hindwings are light smoky brown, darker toward the margin with bream or white fringes.\n\nObeliscoides has a clean smooth appearance. It is unlikely to be mistaken for any Euxoa except the very closely related and very similar E. oberfoelli, a species of the arid grasslands that occurs in southern Saskatchewan but has not yet been found in Alberta.\n\nE. obeliscoides belongs to the obeliscoides group of the subgenus Euxoa. Keys to the species, species groups and subgenera are provided in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4270-Habitat 4270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Sandy boreal pine forest, dry aspen parklands, and riparian cottonwood stands in the grasslands." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4270-LifeCycle 4270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, which over winters in the egg stage. The immature stages are known only from laboratory-reared material." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5950-ConservationStatus 5950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/4/07 14:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5950-Cyclicity 5950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Emergence of adult moths has been recorded between late April and mid June (Hilton 1982). Alberta specimens have been collected from early July to early September. 1/4/07 14:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5950-Distribution 5950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread distribution in North America. In the United States of America this species has been found in the states of Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Texas, Ohio, Indiana, Missouri and California. In Canada this species has been found in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario (Heinrich 1926). Alberta specimens have been collected in Edmonton and Nordegg. Miller (1983) indicates that this species has been reported in the Palaearctic Region." 1/4/07 14:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5950-GeneralDescription 5950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized Endothenia, the forewing for both males and females generally ranges between 5.0-8.2 mm in length (Heinrich 1926). Color of the forewings ranges from dusky brown to clay and coloration pattern tends to be uniform (Sabourin and Landry 2000). Mottled colors on the forewings can be present, however there is little contrast with the other wing colors. Heinrich (1926) suggests that the median and basal dark area of the forewing can be mottled with deep black scales but Alberta specimens of Endothenia montanana also show this character. An important character that can be used to help distinguish this species from similar species is the presence of yellow hair penciles on the hind tibia of males with no darker hairs present (Heinrich 1926 and Sabourin and Landry 2000)." 1/4/07 14:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5950-Habitat 5950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Black spruce-sphagnum bogs (Hilton 1982). 1/4/07 14:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5950-LifeCycle 5950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Univoltine or multivoltine depending on latitude (Hilton 1982). This species has five instars with instars 4 and 5 over wintering in the flower stalks of their host plant (Hilton 1982 and Miller 1983). Pupation occurs in late May and adults emerge from pre-chewed holes in flower stalks. There are two main ichneumonid parasites of Endothenia hebesana larvae; Scambus spp. and Glypta sp., and both are known to be parasitoids. (Hilton 1982)" 1/4/07 14:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5950-TrophicStrategy 5950 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed mostly on developing host seeds. Reported host plant genera include: Antirrhinum, Gentiana, Gerardia, Iris, Orthocarpus, Penstemon, Physostegia, Solidago, Stachys, Teucrium, Tigridia, Verbascum, Verbena, Veronica, Sarracenia, Scrophularia and Scutellaria (Heinrich 1926 and Miller 1983)." 1/4/07 14:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2860-ConservationStatus 2860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Subspecies brucei is not of concern. The status of boreal populations is unknown. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2860-Cyclicity 2860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking in early to late July." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2860-Distribution 2860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Labrador south to Alberta, with isolated populations in New England and the Rocky Mountain States (Scott 1986)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2860-GeneralDescription 2860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside is an even greyish brown without any markings, although the underside markings are vaguely visible through the translucent wings. Underside mottled with black and grey, and with a distinct median band. Similar to O. bore, but lacks the light shading along the hindwing veins. Alberta populations are subspecies brucei." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2860-Habitat 2860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, gravelly alpine tundra." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2860-LifeCycle 2860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown in Alberta. Elsewhere, eggs are dull white and larvae have longitudinal lines of grey, brown-green and brown, and take two seasons to fully mature. The Polixenes Arctic flies only in odd-numbered years at Baker Lake, NWT and Churchill, MB (Scott 1986), but every year in the Alberta mountains." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2860-TrophicStrategy 2860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No larval hosts are reported for Alberta. The main host at Churchill, MB is Carex misandra, and occasionally Festuca mibra (Parshall in Scott 1986). Adults occasionally nectar." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2861-ConservationStatus 2861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2861-Cyclicity 2861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight per year, peaking in June." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2861-Distribution 2861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Labrador, south to the northwestern Great Lakes region and Canmore, Alberta, with an isolated population in the Cypress Hills of southwestern SK (Layberry et al. 1998, Bird et al. 1995)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2861-GeneralDescription 2861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The upperside is dark chocolate-brown with a row of 4 to 5 subapical dots surrounded by a diffuse, rust-orange patch. The underside has a greyish frosting, with a faint, slightly darker median band and a white median spot; no hindwing eyespots. The only similar species in Alberta is the Common Alpine (E. epipsodea), but the latter always has hindwing eyespots.\nThere are no described subspecies; the Taiga Alpine was thought to be the same species as E. disa until Layberry et al. (1998) provided evidence of separate species status. The type locality of mancinus is Rock Lake, near Jasper, AB." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2861-Habitat 2861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sparsely treed spruce bogs. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2861-LifeCycle 2861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Undescribed. Adults fly among partially shaded, open spruce stands in spahgnum bogs, and are often found together with Jutta Arctics. The life cycle takes two years to complete, and adults may be present only in alternate years at a particular site (Klassen et al. 1989)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2861-TrophicStrategy 2861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are unrecorded, but are probably grasses or sedges. Adults do not often nectar, and occasionally mud-puddle (Bird et al. 1995)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2835-ConservationStatus 2835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2835-Cyclicity 2835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One flight per year, most common in early to late July." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2835-Distribution 2835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern BC and central Alberta east across southern Canada and the central US to the Atlantic seaboard (Scott 1986). A disjunct population in the Peace River region of AB / BC is the northernmost in North America. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2835-GeneralDescription 2835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Our largest fritillary, usually with a wingspan over 65 mm. Unlike some of the other fritillaries, cybele is relatively easy to distinguish by the contrasty, dark basal half of the dorsal hindwing; the basal dark area is smaller and more diffuse in other Speyeria. Cybele also lacks the black, angled spot nearest the anal margin on the dorsal forewing base.\nTwo well-defined subspecies occur in Alberta, pseudocarpenteri inhabiting the parkland and northern prairies, and leto of the southern foothills and prairies. Leto has brighter orange males with smaller upperside dark markings and striking, straw and charcoal females." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2835-Habitat 2835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Aspen parkland, shrubby prairie coulees, open woods of the fotthills and southern boreal." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2835-LifeCycle 2835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unrecorded in Alberta. The pale yellow eggs are laid near or on the host plant. First instar larvae hibernate without feeding. Mature larvae are velvety black with two pale-spotted subdorsal lines and covered with black branched spines, and feed only at night (Scott 1986)." 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2835-TrophicStrategy 2835 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae reportedly feed on a number of violet (Viola) species (Scott 1986). It is not known which species are used in western Canada. 4/2/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3493-ConservationStatus 3493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3493-Cyclicity 3493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult collected in June. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3493-Distribution 3493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Heming), B.C., California, Oregon, Washington (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3493-GeneralDescription 3493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body of this species is unicolorous. Both body and legs are dark brown, though fore tibiae of males are mottled as, occasionally, are those of the female. The wing pads are colorless, and brachypterous forms do occur (Bailey, 1951).\n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3493-Habitat 3493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found on grasses, including rye grass (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3493-LifeCycle 3493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3493-TrophicStrategy 3493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3494-ConservationStatus 3494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3494-Cyclicity 3494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in July. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3494-Distribution 3494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Alberta (Heming). 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3494-GeneralDescription 3494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is uniformly brown, with red pigmentation. Both males and females are brachypterous and the fore and hind-wings lack pigmentation. Forewings have 2 longitudinal veins but rarely have cross veins (Bailey, 1951). \n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3494-Habitat 3494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in grasses (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3494-LifeCycle 3494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3494-TrophicStrategy 3494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3495-ConservationStatus 3495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3495-Cyclicity 3495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in June and August. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3495-Distribution 3495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Alberta (Chiasson, 1986). and is holarctic (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3495-GeneralDescription 3495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The body is unicolorous, with antennal segment 6 approximately the same length as segment 7, though antennal segments 8 and 9 are reduced in length in comparison. Sensoria on antennal segments 3 and 4 are narrow and linear, and the third antennal segment is very dark in colour. The forewings have distinct cross bands, and the ring vein is often pigmented (Bailey, 1951). \n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3495-Habitat 3495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Medicago sativa, Artemesia, Brassica, and various flowers (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3495-LifeCycle 3495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is predaceous (Chiasson, 1986)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3495-TrophicStrategy 3495 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "While this species is predaceous, the type of prey (thrips, mites, other arthropods) is undocumented." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3496-ConservationStatus 3496 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3496-Cyclicity 3496 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Reported as March to October in some parts of North America (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3496-Distribution 3496 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in Alberta (Chiasson, 1986), and is widespread across North America (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3496-GeneralDescription 3496 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Identification of this species is difficult as A. fasciatus constitutes a species complex, and is difficult to differentiate from A. intermedius, which is a mostly Palearctic species (Heming). The body is generally a dark black-brown with red subintegumental pigments, and is usually over 2mm in length. The head is weakly transverseleystriated and is wider than it is long. Antennal segment 6 is approximately the same length as 7, and segments 8 and 9 are reduced in length. Sensoria on segments 5 and 6 are small and circular, and the third antennal segment is pale yellow or grey with a brown tip. The forewings each have 2 distinct cross bands, and are white in the basal fourth of the wing (Stannard, 1968). \n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3496-Habitat 3496 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens, Epilobium angustifolium, Grasses ." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3496-LifeCycle 3496 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is both a pollen feeder and a predator (Chiasson, 1986) and can produce more than one brood of young per season (Bailey, 1951).\n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3496-TrophicStrategy 3496 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A. fasciatus feeds on pollen and flower tissue, but it also preys upon various arthropods, including onion thrips, Frankliniella moultoni, and Sericothrips variabilis (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4568-ConservationStatus 4568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4568-Cyclicity 4568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in Alberta late May to July, peaking in mid June." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4568-Distribution 4568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution BC east to Quebec (and Nova Scotia?) south to FL and TX (Wagner et al. 2001). 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4568-GeneralDescription 4568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This smallish geometrid has a pale tan ground colour with heavy brown markings, consisting of antemedian (AM) and postmedian (PM) lines, dark marginal shading, discal spots and (usually) black marginal blotches. Probole are best recognized by the extended outward tooth-like projection of the forewing PM line. More localized and less common than P. alienaria.\nVirtually identical to (and previously considered to be conspecific with) P. alienaria. The distinguishing character in wing markings is the angle of the PM line above the ""tooth""; it is perpendicular to the wing margin where it meets the edge in alienaria, while in amicaria the line is directed more toward the wing apex, and is essentially perpendicular to the anal (not the costal) margin. Some have treated P. alienaria and amicaria as forms of the same species (eg. McGuffin 1987). Ferguson (in Hodges 1983) treats them as separate species, and according to Handfield (1999), alienaria is a generalist feeder on deciduous shrubs while amicaria feeds only on species of dogwood (Cornus). There also appear to be differences in the male antennal structure among some populations, at least in eastern North America (Handfield 1999). This interesting situation certainly warrants further research in Alberta\n" 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4568-Habitat 4568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Moist deciduous and mixedwood forests. 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4568-LifeCycle 4568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The caterpillar is a twig or leaf petiole mimic, exhibiting green and brown forms; indistinguishable from P. alienaria larvae. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light, and are also diurnal. \n\n" 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4568-TrophicStrategy 4568 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "According to Handfield (1999), larvae feed only on dogwood, particularly red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera). Other reported host records may be referable to P. alienaria." 4/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4199-ConservationStatus 4199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4199-Cyclicity 4199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta adults fly from in June and July, peaking in late June." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4199-Distribution 4199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern coastal BC east to Nova Scotia, south to NJ, MO and OR (McGuffin 1981)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4199-GeneralDescription 4199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Ground colour varies from light to dark rust-brown, AM and PM line thin and well defined, median line diffuse. Most specimens have diffuse black spots in the forewing subterminal space. Similar to E. madusaria, which has a smooth rather than serrate forewing edge. E. johnsonaria has evenly deep serrations on the hindwing edge, obtusaria has the third notch conspicuously deeper; hindwing discal spot absent or faint in johnsonaria, well-defined in obtusaria." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4199-Habitat 4199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous wooded areas in the southern half of the province. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4199-LifeCycle 4199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle McGuffin (1981) describes the larva in detail. The adults are attracted to lights 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4199-TrophicStrategy 4199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are apparently generalists on deciduous trees and shrubs, including dogwood (Cornus), willow (Salix), Spiraea, Vaccinium, elm (Ulmus), ash (Fraxinus), and birch (Betula) (McGuffin 1981)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5888-ConservationStatus 5888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown. Its relative abundance and wide range suggest it is not a significant issue. 5/30/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5888-Cyclicity 5888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been found between May and August, egg sacs found from June to early September." 5/30/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5888-Distribution 5888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout North America, save the southern United States." 5/30/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5888-GeneralDescription 5888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Female: Total length 5.5-7.5 mm. Chelicerae and cephalothorax dark reddish-brown. Carapace has a pale stripe down the middle that widens towards its middle, and two submarginal stripes of similar color. Abdomen quite variable in color - may be gray or brown, sometimes with a row of chevrons, sometimes with black mottling. Hooded epigynum with one large cavity. Median septum is usually long, somewhat spatulate, and broad; and tapers significantly at its anterior end.\nMale: Total length 6-6.5 mm. Color and pattern similar to female. Terminal apophysis long and fingerlike. Two processes on the median apophysis; the distal process is long enough to reach the edge of the genital bulb (the basal bulb process is sharp and short). Base of embolus is quite stout; almost straight at distal end and can be described as ""bladelike"". Tibia of palpus has many long, curved setae." 5/30/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5888-Habitat 5888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Coniferous forest, beaches and dunes, northern prairie, and alpine meadows and tundra." 5/30/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5888-LifeCycle 5888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle " Pardosa concinna is fairly common throughout most of its range. Like all wolf spiders, it is an opportunistic ambush predator. Though it chases down its prey over short distances, P. concinna does not actively seek out its prey; rather, it waits for its prey to draw close to it - then strikes in a burst of speed. Prey is detected by visual stimuli, primarily by the large anterior median eyes. Webbing is not used in prey capture, but is used for draglines, nest lining, and the construction of egg cases.\nFull maturity evidently takes about two years. Juveniles overwinter, grow the following season, overwinter again, and reach adulthood the following summer. Mating is precipitated by a visual display on the part of the male, and usually lasts about 15 minutes. Egg sacs are constructed from two separate halves that are attached to one another, hence its squashed-sphere shape. The egg sac is carried by the female for a few weeks, attached to her spinnerets, until such point as the juveniles are old enough to emerge, at which point she perforates it with her chelicerae to allow them to escape. The hatchlings clamber onto her abdomen and remain there for up to two weeks as they absorb their yolk sacs, clinging to specialized setae. The female's appetite is somewhat suppressed during this period, no doubt to reduce cannibalism!" 5/30/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5888-TrophicStrategy 5888 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Ambush predator of a wide variety of terrestrial arthropods. 5/30/06 14:01 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3497-ConservationStatus 3497 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3497-Cyclicity 3497 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "April to August in some parts of Western North America (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3497-Distribution 3497 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta (Chiasson, 1986), Utah, California, New York (Bailey, 1951)." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3497-GeneralDescription 3497 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Sensoria on antennal segment 5 are circular or oval. Antennal segment 3 is pale yellow, 4 is dusky brown with a lighter base and a darker pedicel. Antennae lack a heavy pubescence, and the posterior portion of the pronotum lacks heavy spines. Forewings have a full or partial cross band on the basal portion of the forewing in addition to a longitudinal band on the posterior portion (Bailey, 1951). \n" 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3497-Habitat 3497 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Menziesia glabella, Linnaea borealis, Epilobium angustifolium, Lupinus." 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3497-LifeCycle 3497 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3497-TrophicStrategy 3497 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented. 7/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4464-ConservationStatus 4464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4464-Cyclicity 4464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta from late April to early June. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4464-Distribution 4464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "BC to Nova Scotia, south to Georgia and Missouri in the east (McGuffin 1977, Wagner et al. 2001)." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4464-GeneralDescription 4464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mid-sized geometrid with a very contrasting, marbled appearance. Forewing white with a relatively uniform black mottling, no strong distinguishing markings. The AM, PM and marginal area consists of a loose, broken black band. Intervening areas are heavily striated in black. Black discal spot. The veins through the median area are sometimes lightly dusted with ochre. Hindwing speckled and lighter overall." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4464-Habitat 4464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic deciduous and mixedwood forests. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4464-LifeCycle 4464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The mature larva is detailed by McGuffin (1977) and illustrated in Wagner et al. (2001). Adults come to light. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4464-TrophicStrategy 4464 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae feed on Viburnum (McGuffin 1972). 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4254-ConservationStatus 4254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No special status (IUCN 2000). 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4254-Cyclicity 4254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flight records from April to November, all teneral specimens collected in July." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4254-Distribution 4254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta, this species is recorded from the southern two thirds. This species ranges from the Yukon to Nova Scotia, as far south as Southern Illinois and Southern Indiana (Larson et al. 2000). No records from Alaska." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4254-GeneralDescription 4254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small (22.0 to 27.9 mm), oval-shaped (Larson et al. 2000). Brown to brown-black - some with green appearance. Median chevron on head. Basal antennal segments yellow, terminal segments darker. Lateral and anterior margins of pronotum with yellow borders. Ventral surface yellow to reddish, except metacoxa yellow and metasternum brown-black medially. Yellow legs, with darker tarsi and tibia." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4254-Habitat 4254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Permanent ponds and marshes, with sedges (Larson et al. 2000). Associated with aquatic macrophytes." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4254-LifeCycle 4254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinter as adults in permanent waters (Larson et al. 2000). Late fall or early spring mating. Univoltine (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985). Strong swimmers, hind legs move together while swimming. Adults attracted to lights." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4254-TrophicStrategy 4254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Predatory - active swimmers (Larson et al. 2000). Invertebrate and fish larvae prey. Mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in early spring. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4255-ConservationStatus 4255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No special status (IUCN 2002). 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4255-Cyclicity 4255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge from July to September. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4255-Distribution 4255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species has not been recorded in Alberta. All records are from west of the Rocky Mountains (Larson et al. 2000); northern British Columbia to Southern California. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4255-GeneralDescription 4255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small (22.1 to 28.5 mm), oval-shaped (Larson et al. 2000). Brown to brown-black - some with green appearance. Median chevron on head. Basal antennal segments yellow, terminal segments darker. Lateral and anterior pronotal margins broadly yellow, basal margin narrowly yellow, expanded medial yellow border. Yellow to reddish ventral surface, except metacoxa yellow and metasternum medially brown-black. Apical and basal margins of abdominal sterna brown-black. Legs yellow with darker tarsi and tibia." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4255-Habitat 4255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Beaver ponds (Larson et al. 2000); ponds in forested areas; associated with aquatic macrophytes. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4255-LifeCycle 4255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinter as adults in permanent waters (Larson et al. 2000). Late fall or early spring mating. Univoltine (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985). Strong swimmers, hind legs move together while swimming. Adults attracted to lights." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4255-TrophicStrategy 4255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Predatory - active swimmers (Larson et al. 2000). Invertebrate or fish larvae prey. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4256-ConservationStatus 4256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No special status, although naturally occur in low population densities throughout range (IUCN 2002," 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4256-Cyclicity 4256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge from March to October. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4256-Distribution 4256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta this species has been recorded from most regions. This species ranges from British Columbia to New Brunswick, and as far south as northern California, Colorado and North Carolina (Larson et al. 2000)." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4256-GeneralDescription 4256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Large (26.3 to 32.5 mm), elongate body (Larson et al. 2000). Brown-black to black - some with green appearance. Pronotal margins and elytra broadly yellow. Large medial chevron on head. Basal antennal segments yellow, terminal segments reddish. Most of ventral surface yellow, except darker and reddish abdominal sterna, metacoxa and medial metasternum. Elongate brown-black spot along posterior margin of metacoxa. Yellow legs with reddish tibia and tarsi." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4256-Habitat 4256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Permanent and temporary ponds (Larson et al. 2000). Associated with aquatic macrophytes. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4256-LifeCycle 4256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinter as adults in permanent waters (Larson et al. 2000). Late fall or early spring mating. Univoltine (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985). Strong swimmers, hind legs move together while swimming. Adults attracted to lights." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4256-TrophicStrategy 4256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Predatory - active swimmers (Larson et al. 2000). Invertebrate and fish larvae prey. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4200-ConservationStatus 4200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4200-Cyclicity 4200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta the peak flight activity is from late June to mid July. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4200-Distribution 4200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern interior BC east to Nova Scotia, south to FL, MO and OR (McGuffin 1981)" 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4200-GeneralDescription 4200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Ground colour yellow-tan with fine, well-defined AM, PM and subterminal lines. Outer third of forewing darker, more pronounced than in other Euchlaena, with a contrasting pale apical dash. Forewing margin smooth not serrate as in johnsonaria, lacks pronounced discal spots of E. obtusaria." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4200-Habitat 4200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry woodlands in the montane, prairie, and southern boreal region." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4200-LifeCycle 4200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. Up to 225 eggs are laid, which hatch in about ten days. The grey brown striped larvae resemble twigs, and overwinter when nearly mature (McGuffin 1981)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4200-TrophicStrategy 4200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Prentice (1963) reports two larval collections from buffaloberry (Sheperdia canadensis) in the Alberta foothills, and one collection on douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). McGuffin (1981) also lists jack pine (Pinus banksiana) as a host, but given that Prentice (1963) reports only one collection of madusaria from a conifer out of the thousands of conifer tree samples, confers are not likely usual hosts. Records of this species at prairie localities where both conifer" 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5889-ConservationStatus 5889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Poorly known, but not likely to be an issue considering its wide range and frequency of occurrence." 5/30/06 14:11 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5889-Cyclicity 5889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Males are generally found from April to late August, while females are generally found between April and October. Egg sacs are produced between June and October." 5/30/06 14:11 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5889-Distribution 5889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Common throughout southern Canada and the northern U.S. 5/30/06 14:11 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5889-GeneralDescription 5889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Female: Total length 5-6 mm. Cephalothorax (both dorsally and ventrally) and abdomen are generally dark brownish-grey. Stripes on carapace (medial and submarginal) are pale and wide, making it appear that the carapace is light greyish with two dark stripes. Epigynum hood is quite prominent; with a wide, shallow cavity. The median septum is thin at the anterior portion, and rounded at the posterior portion, and flat overall. There are a pair of yellowish stripes that are on either side of the pale heart mark, they merge and meet with the end of the heart mark. Sternum sometimes has mark shaped like a ""V"".\nMale: Total length 4.5 - 5 mm. Pattern is similar to female, but color is generally darker. Large, shiny sclerite on palea near base on embolus. The embolus itself is partially concealed by the median apophysis. Median apophysis has two processes: basal process is small and hooklike, while distal process is flat, curved, bumpy, and quite long. Heart mark is large and fairly vague in comparison to female. In both sexes, eastern specimens tend towards lighter coloration." 5/30/06 14:11 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5889-Habitat 5889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Diverse. Fields, forest clearings, and bogs are preferred. Sometimes found in woods, beaches, and dunes." 5/30/06 14:11 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5889-LifeCycle 5889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Pardosa distincta is quite common over most of its range, and shows up frequently in pitfall traps. Like all wolf spiders, it is an opportunistic ambush predator. Though it chases down its prey over short distances, P. distincta does not actively seek out its prey; rather, it waits for its prey to draw close to it - then strikes in a burst of speed. Prey is detected by visual stimuli, primarily by the large anterior median eyes. Webbing is not used in prey capture, but is used for draglines, nest lining, and the construction of egg cases. Full maturity evidently takes about two years. Juveniles overwinter, grow the following season, overwinter again, and reach adulthood the following summer. Mating is precipitated by a visual display on the part of the male, and usually lasts about 15 minutes. Egg sacs are constructed from two separate halves that are attached to one another, hence its squashed-sphere shape. The egg sac is carried by the female for a few weeks, attached to her spinnerets, until such point as the juveniles are old enough to emerge, at which point she perforates it with her chelicerae to allow them to escape. The hatchlings clamber onto her abdomen and remain there for up to two weeks as they absorb their yolk sacs, clinging to specialized setae. The female's appetite is somewhat suppressed during this period, no doubt to reduce cannibalism!\nPardosa distincta have been observed feeding at temperatures below 10° Celsius in the wild, primarily upon collembolans and other cryotolerant prey. It may be that this is part of the reason whyit is relatively common - its tolerance for low temperatures allows it to remain active and obtain sustenance when other arthropods go torpid." 5/30/06 14:11 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5889-TrophicStrategy 5889 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Ambush predator of a wide variety of terrestrial arthropods. 5/30/06 14:11 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5890-ConservationStatus 5890 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown. Population likely closely tied to forest conditions. 5/30/06 14:23 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5890-Cyclicity 5890 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Restricted. Females found from June - August, males found June – July. Egg sacs produced in July." 5/30/06 14:23 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5890-Distribution 5890 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Specimens collected throughout Alaska and northern Canada. Old records exist from Greenland. 5/30/06 14:23 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5890-GeneralDescription 5890 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Male: Total length 7-9 mm. Cephalothorax reddish brown, with a bifurcated yellowish stripe down the center, as well as two lateral stripes of a similar color. Abdomen dark brown, with a short stripe anteriorly (heart mark) and a reddish brown venter. Cymbium dark, with prominent palea. Palea has oblique sclerotized channel. Embolus is fairly long and thin and only slightly curved. Median apophysis has two processes, at its tip and base. Terminal apophysis with two blunt processes at its tip.\nFemale: Patterned similarly to male. Epigynum with shallow paired hood cavities. Paired dorsal excavations show through median septum to create rectangular area at its posterior. Spermathecae shaped like clubs, have some small nodules." 5/30/06 14:23 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5890-Habitat 5890 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alpine tundra, coniferous forest, and underbrush near timberlines." 5/30/06 14:23 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5890-LifeCycle 5890 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Pardosa furcifera is a relatively uncommon species. Like all wolf spiders, it is a cursorial predator. Individuals wait patiently (often basking in sunlit areas) for prey to draw near, at which point its location is acquired with relatively acute vision (primarily the large anterior median eyes). Pursuit is generally extremely swift, and the hapless prey is dispatched with a pair of powerful chelicerae - more powerful proportionately than those of an average web-building spider, since it has no other means of restraining its prey. Pardosa furcifera and some other wolf spiders from the genus Pardosa apparently require two seasons to reach full maturity . Overwintering occurs in the juvenile stage. Maturity is generally reached fairly early in the active season, to maximize the chances of mating. Mating may last for an hour or so, and cannibalism is relatively rare (perhaps due to the relative similarity in size between male and female). Egg sacs are generally produced between June and August, and are carried by the female until juveniles emerge. The egg sacs themselves are constructed in two halves, is generally shaped like a partially flattened sphere, and are typically bluish or greenish in color. Typically, the juveniles are assisted in their emergence by the female, who tears a hole in the egg sac with her fangs when the juveniles are sufficiently developed. The juveniles are then carried on the female's abdomen for up to two weeks, after which they disperse.\nSome Pardosa species are known to feed in surprisingly cold conditions, even preying on collembolans crawling on the surface of snow - given its choice of habitat, P. furcifera is likely capable of the same." 5/30/06 14:23 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5890-TrophicStrategy 5890 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Ambush predator of a wide variety of terrestrial arthropods. 5/30/06 14:23 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4257-ConservationStatus 4257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No special status (IUCN 2002). 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4257-Cyclicity 4257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity All teneral specimens from late July. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4257-Distribution 4257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic (Larson et al. 2000). This species is recorded from most of Alberta. This species ranges from Alaska to Maine, and as far south as Washington, Iowa and North Carolina. Also known from Great Britain to Kamchatka, records from peninsular Italy (Nardi and Maltzeff 2001)." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4257-GeneralDescription 4257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Large (27.5 to 34.0 mm), elongate body (Larson et al. 2000). Brown to black - some with green appearance. Ring of yellow around inner margin of eye. All pronotal margins bordered with yellow. Lateral margin of elytra yellow and narrowing to apex. Yellow or reddish ventral surface, expect thoracic sclerites margins narrowly brown-black and metasternum medially and metacoxa dark red. Pale abdominal sterna, with basal margins of first through third sterna narrowly brown-black. Yellow or yellow-reddish legs, brown-black dorsal surface of tibia." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4257-Habitat 4257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Permanent and temporary ponds (Larson et al. 2000). Associated with aquatic macrophytes. 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4257-LifeCycle 4257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinter as adults in permanent waters (Larson et al. 2000). Late fall or early spring mating. Univoltine (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985). Strong swimmers, hind legs move together while swimming. Adults attracted to lights." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4257-TrophicStrategy 4257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory - active swimmers (Larson et al. 2000). Invertebrate and fish larvae prey. Larvae are predators of mayfly (Ephemeroptera) nymphs, isopods (Isopoda) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) (Johansson and Nilsson 1992)." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4915-ConservationStatus 4915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Presently known in Canada only from single colonies in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4915-Cyclicity 4915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta in late July and early August. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4915-Distribution 4915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from only three colonies in the southern prairie provinces of Canada; the Spirit Dunes at Spruce Woods Provincial Park, Manitoba, the Burstall dunes in southwestern Saskatchewan, and in a small dune complex in the Red Deer River valley north of Bindloss. It will probably also be found in other active dune complexes in the southern parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Also occurs in Colorado (Hardwick, 1996)." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4915-GeneralDescription 4915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A very small (1.6-1.8 cm wingspan) day-flying moth. The forewings are mottled red-brown and tan. There is an irregular pale yellow median band and a prominent yellow or pale tan streak on the upper part of the terminal area. The fringe is yellow-white, lightly checkered with brown. The abdomen and hindwings, including the fringe, are coal black." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4915-Habitat 4915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Active dunes with annual sunflower colonies. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4915-LifeCycle 4915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Like all known Schinia, the larvae undoubtedly feed on the flowering parts and/or developing seeds of the host plant, in the case of avemensis an annual sunflower. Soon after emergence, which is timed to coincide with the blooming of the host plant, pairs mate and can be found sitting in-copula on the flower heads of the host and adjacent plants. There is a single brood each year." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4915-TrophicStrategy 4915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host is reported to be a native annual sunflower, Helianthus petiolaris Nuttall (Hardwick, 1996)." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4916-ConservationStatus 4916 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Barely reaches extreme southwest Alberta; known in AB from a single collection. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4916-Cyclicity 4916 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta specimen was collected in early August. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4916-Distribution 4916 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The mountains of extreme southwestern Alberta, west to Vancouver Island; southward." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4916-GeneralDescription 4916 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-large (4.6-4.8 cm wingspan), pale rusty brown and tan moth, with few markings. Markings on the forewings consist of a thin dark vertical line at the end of the cell and some dark rust or maroon along the wing base and the anal angle. The outer two-thirds of the costa is grey, with a pair of short, parallel horizontal streaks near the apex. The hindwings are pale yellow or tan (male) or grey (female) with a dark patch marking the anal angle. Sexes similar, but females larger and darker. Other species of Alberta Oligocentria lack the prominent rusty-red coloring of pallida." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4916-Habitat 4916 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry deciduous and mixedwood woodland. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4916-LifeCycle 4916 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Larvae are solitary defoliators, and there is a single annual brood. Adults come to light." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4916-TrophicStrategy 4916 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to feed on willow (Salix), apple (Malus), maple (Acer) and poplar (Populus) (Miller and Hammond, 2000.); also rose (Rosa) and saskatoon (Amelanchier) (Jones, 1951)." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4264-ConservationStatus 4264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common and widespread species; no concerns. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4264-Cyclicity 4264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid August through mid September. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4264-Distribution 4264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southeastern Manitoba west to the southern interior of British Columbia, south to Oregon, southern Idaho and northern New Mexico, and east to eastern South Dakota. In Alberta it has been collected north to about Red Deer and Wainwright." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4264-GeneralDescription 4264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (2.7-2.9 cm wingspan) moth with dark brown head, thorax and forewings and lighter grey-brown hindwings. The forewing ground is dark grey brown, with the costa, orbicular and reniform spots and subterminal line contrasting light buff. There is a pale streak just beyond the claviform. The cubital vein is finely lined with white scales, and crosses the subterminal line into the darker subterminal area. The fringe is brown with a buff base. The hindwings are dirty white, with a prominent discal dash and broad, rather sharply defined dull grey-brown terminal band and white fringe. Similar to E. niveilinea. The prominent pale streak on the lower forewing will separate dargo from E. niveilinea. The saccular extensions of dargo are not much longer than the harpes, but almost twice as long in niveilinea. \n\nE. dargo belongs to the detersa group of the subgenus Euxoa. Keys to the group, subgenus and species are provided in Lafontaine 1881 and 1987.\n" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4264-Habitat 4264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid shortgrass and sagebrush grasslands. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4264-LifeCycle 4264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single brood annually, with the adults on the wing in late summer or early fall. The larvae have not been described.\n\n" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4264-TrophicStrategy 4264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae have been collected while feeding on corn (Zea) and Russian thistle (Salsola). 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4546-ConservationStatus 4546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common widespread moth; no concerns. 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4546-Cyclicity 4546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults fly in June and July. 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4546-Distribution 4546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, reported from Saskatchewan west to BC, south to Idaho and Colorado. In Alberta it is widespread in the cooler and more mesic parklands and southern boreal forest, rare or absent in the dry grasslands." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4546-GeneralDescription 4546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.9-3.4 cm wingspan) red-brown and grey brown moth Smaller, darker and less strongly contrasting than tacoma. Ground dull to bright red-brown. Orbicular smaller and more oblong than in tacoma, and usually partially filled with brown scales. The most prominent marking on most specimens is the black claviform, which ranges in size from a small to large distally pointed spot or wedge. The terminal band is grey, suffused to some extent with brown scaling, not wide and clear blue grey as in tacoma. In tacoma, the space immediately below the reniform is usually black and matches the claviform, but in dodii it is red brown brown. The subterminal line is rusty-brown, and forms a shallow w-mark in the lower half in most specimens. The much rarer T. legitima is blue-grey and rust, closer in appearance to tacoma than to dodii. There are good genitalic characters for separating questionable specimens of Trichordestra." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4546-Habitat 4546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic meadows, woodland edges and clearings." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4546-LifeCycle 4546 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but have also been taken during daylight hours. There is a single annual brood." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4547-Cyclicity 4547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight period is from July to October (Linsley 1962). 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4547-Distribution 4547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is recorded from Ontario and Labrador in Canada (Bousquet 1991), and western New York, Indiana, Arizona and Alabama in the United States." 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4547-GeneralDescription 4547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Robust, color black to brownish, dull. Head closely and distinctly, but not coarsely, punctuated. Clypeus is large and conspicuous, gula with a beard of dense pale hairs. Femora not clavate, abdoment with sternites very finely, closely punctured and densely clothed in a fine pubescence. Antennae reaching apical 1/3 of elytra with outer segments abruptly abbreviated, last 4 segments at most as long as 2 preceding segments together; pronotum very distinctly wider than long; angulated at sides; posterior tarsi with third segment cleft to middle. Apex distinctly emarginated. Females are slightly more robust than males, antennae reaching basal ¼ of elytra; fifth abdominal sternite as long as broad, apex rounded, length 17-31mm, males, 17-29mm (Linsley 1962). Overall, A. asperatus is most defined by the sharply abbreviated last 4 antennal segments, distinct asperites on the pronotum, and angular shape of the pits on the pronotum (Linsley 1962)." 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4547-Habitat 4547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous belt of western North America to southern Mexico and Central America (Linsley 1962). 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4547-LifeCycle 4547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very little is known about this species. Adudlts have been observed attacking severely scored gray pine within hours following fire (Wickman 1964). 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4547-TrophicStrategy 4547 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Host species are Abies magnifica, A. concolor, Pseudotsuga taxifolia, Picea sp (Linsley 1962)." 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4548-Cyclicity 4548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight period is June through July (Linsley 1962). 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4548-Distribution 4548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in the Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada (Bousquet 1991), and in Nebraska, Montana, southern California, New Mexico and Texas in the United States." 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4548-GeneralDescription 4548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Color brown; head with gula finely rugose; maxillary palpi with last segment triangular (Linsley 1962). Eyes hairy, pronotal surface smoother than A. foveicollis, with shallow depressions, elytra dull with weak ridges (Yanega 1996). Lenth 16-25mm (Linsley 1962). Attracted to u-v lights. There is a possible record of a sub-species, A. rusticus nubilus (LeConte), from Indiana; it is virtually indistinguishable, but slightly darker, with coarser sculpture beneath the head, slightly more projected mandibles, and a lightly more smoothly convex pronotum. The somewhat similar western species A. productus (LeConte), though their ranges do not seem to overlap, is distinctly more elongated and slender (Yanega 1996)." 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4548-Habitat 4548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal North America west to the Rocky Mountains and south to Guatamala (Linsley 1962). 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4548-LifeCycle 4548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Breeds on Pinus, larvae feed on the bases of roots and dead pine trees (Downie and Arnett 1996)." 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4548-TrophicStrategy 4548 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Hosts include Pinus sp, including P. tenuifolia (Linsley 1962)." 4/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5891-ConservationStatus 5891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status It is not know if this species is threatened. 5/30/06 15:51 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5891-Cyclicity 5891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity From late May to August. 5/30/06 15:51 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5891-Distribution 5891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "North America; East from Alberta, Colorado, and Texas (Stone et al. 1965)." 5/30/06 15:51 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5891-GeneralDescription 5891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head rust colored; margins of abdominal segments black. Antennae elongate and dark; thorax yellow and hump-backed with laterally lined stripes (Fabricus 1822). Halteres have dark brown clubs with apical edges paler (Dietz 1918). Legs slender and yellow with blackish hairs and tibiae blackish at the apex. Wings almost transparent with a grayish tint and sparsely covered with hair, veins costa, subcosta, radial and all veins beyond the cord, with the exception of those limiting 1st medial 2, stigma pale brown (Dietz 1918). Wing veination as in figure. Male, length of body: 10.5 mm, wing span:10.5 mm." 5/30/06 15:51 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5891-Habitat 5891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat North American boreal forests. 5/30/06 15:51 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5891-LifeCycle 5891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Complete metamorphosis; no other information known. 5/30/06 15:51 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5891-TrophicStrategy 5891 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Not Known. 5/30/06 15:51 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38042-ConservationStatus 38042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Limited use of insecticide including Bt, when possible and needed, allowing wild flowering crops to grow around brassica to colonize Diamondback moth can conserve the Diadegma insulare population (Edward 1997)." 3/29/11 9:03 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38042-Cyclicity 38042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Diadegma insulare has 5-6 generations per years depending on the generations of host. 3/29/11 9:03 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38042-Distribution 38042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern North America, South America, New Hampshire west to southern British Columbia, south to Florida, Texas, southern California, Pacific island including Hawaii, West Indies and Mexico south to Venezuela (Fitton and Walker 1992; Sourakov and Mitchell 2000)." 3/29/11 9:03 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38042-GeneralDescription 38042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Diadegma insulare is a small wasp not more than 6 mm long with reddish-brown legs and abdomen. Egg is rounded, clear and lack projections. The larva of D. insulare is white segmented and bears a short (1/4 of the total length of the larva) narrow ""tail"". The female has a well-defined ovipositor. Larva is very active (Sourakov and Mitchell 2000)." 3/29/11 9:03 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38042-Habitat 38042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Brassicaceous crops. 3/29/11 9:03 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38042-LifeCycle 38042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adult Diadegma insulare female oviposit one egg per host larva. After 10 to 15 days, the wasp larva emerges from the host cocoon and spins its own cocoon which may have a distinctive white band. Diadegma insulare overwinters within the cocoon as a pupa in crop debris (Sourakov and Mitchell 2000).A good nectar source is very important to increase the longevity of Diadegma insulare female from 2-5 days to more than 20 days (Edward 1997)." 3/29/11 9:03 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38042-TrophicStrategy 38042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on Diamondback moth's larvae. Adult females feed on nectar, pollen, honey dew and wild flowers (Edward 1997)." 3/29/11 9:03 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4149-ConservationStatus 4149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern 12/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4149-Cyclicity 4149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "A spring-flying moth, peaking throughout May." 12/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4149-Distribution 4149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Yukon and BC east to Labrador, south to New York and North Carolina (McGuffin 1987, Wagner et al. 2001). Found throughout the parklands and boreal forest regions in Alberta." 12/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4149-GeneralDescription 4149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This large and fairly robust geometrid moth that mimics wilted leaves with its jagged, rust and brown wings. Ground colour rust-tan with brighter rust shades at the wing margins, and a pinkish white shade along the forewing costa; and with three dark brown transverse lines. Very similar to S. kentaria, but in general slightly smaller and darker rusty browns (more yellow-brown in kentaria; alciphearia has the PM line straighter on both wings (best seen on the underside). S. kentaria usually has a jagged or wavy forewing PM line with a more pronounced indentation midway, and the hindwing PM line is more irregular and slightly curved outwardly (straight or nearly so in alciphearia). Some specimens may be impossible to determine without examining the genitalia (see McGuffin, 1987)." 12/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4149-Habitat 4149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forests and woodlands. 12/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4149-LifeCycle 4149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are described in detail by McGuffin (1987). Larvae are twig mimics and cannot be separated from those of S. kentaria (see Ives & Wong 1988, Wagner et al. 2001). Pupae hibernate in a cocoon between leaves, often on the host (McGuffin 1987)." 12/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4149-TrophicStrategy 4149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on deciduous shrubs, particularly willows (Salix spp.) and alder (Alnus spp.), also on Ribes and paper birch (Betula papyrifera. (McGuffin 1987)." 12/16/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4174-ConservationStatus 4174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common widespread species 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4174-Cyclicity 4174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in Alberta from late July - early September, peaking in late August." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4174-Distribution 4174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta pallipennis has been collected in the arid grasslands and badlands, north to Dinosaur Provincial Park. There is also a specimen in the Bowman collection supposedly collected at Nordegg." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4174-GeneralDescription 4174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size Euxoa (3.0-3.7 cm wingspan) with light grey-brown or yellow-brown forewings and shining white hindwings. Only the antemedian and postmedian lines are prominent; the former is nearly straight, the latter finer and finely scalloped at the veins. The orbicular is a large oval, filled with scales slightly paler than the ground while the reniform is obscure, outlined with a few dark scales and filled with the same color as the ground. The claviform is usually indicated by a small patch of dark scales. The median portion of the subterminal area is somewhat darker than the rest of the forewing, and the fringe is a mix of whitish and light brown scales. The most prominent marking is the space before the orbicular and between the orbicular and reniform spots, which are filled or nearly so with dark scales. The hindwings are shining white, with a few light brown scales marking the veins and forming an obscure, narrow terminal band (darker in females). The fringe is white.\n\nMost similar to E. misturata. Pallipennis males can be identified by the short, bladelike saccular extensions with a slight twist about 2/3 of the distance from the base, with the apex projecting dorsally toward the cucullus and slightly outside. The shape of the vesica and its pouches (and in particular that of the subbasal diverticulum) is also characteristic. Females differ from misturata and similar species by the absence of fused margins or sclerotized flange-like projections on the ovipositor lobes.\n\nEuxoa pallipennis belongs to the subgenus Euxoa, characterized mainly by the shape of the vesica in males. Keys to the subgenera and species and illustrations of the genitalia are provided in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4174-Habitat 4174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Arid shortgrass prairie, sagebrush grasslands and arid croplands." 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4174-LifeCycle 4174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood. The adults are attracted to light. The larvae have not been described. 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4174-TrophicStrategy 4174 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Russian thistle (Salsola kali) was reported to be a favored host in Montana, where it was also found to be an occasional pest on wheat (Cook, 1930)," 12/17/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4731-ConservationStatus 4731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common in Alberta. 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4731-Cyclicity 4731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in spring and early summer (Johnson 2000) and can be collected in Alberta from May throug 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4731-Distribution 4731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is known in North America only in the west; eastern Alberta to the Pacific coast and from Yukon Territory to California and Colorado (El-Moursy 1970). 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4731-GeneralDescription 4731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Length less than 6.0 mm. Body form narrowly oval, convex, moderately acute anteriorly and posteriorly, black with olive green pubescences (Downie et al. 1996). Antennae and legs markedly stout; sterna with fine, decumbent hairs (bending downward) (El-Moursy 1970). Central transverse mark on elytra with cinereous (grey) spot near centre (El-Moursy 1970). Elytral punctures dense and often coalesced (Johnson 1991). Male genitalia with median lobe narrow at centre and pointed and enlarged at apex; parameres broad at base and narrow near apices (El-Moursy 1970). Female genitalia presently unidentifiable (Hatch 1961). Larvae with large hypognathous head (head and mouth directed ventrally) with discrete ventral epicranial ridges and 6 distinct stemmata. Similar in body form to larvae of Chrysomelidae but with well-developed lacinia and articulated galea (Lawrence 1991)." 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4731-Habitat 4731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Adults are often found in mosses, moist sand or soil and under logs and stones (El-Moursy 1961)." 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4731-LifeCycle 4731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are sometimes found in the soil of young trees in nurseries (Lawrence 1991 and Lawrence et al. 2000) and as washup or windblown drift on beaches (Johnson 2000). Larvae burrow through moss layers and underlying substrate (Johnson 2000). When disturbed, adults pull in their appendages and remain motionless. This behaviour creates the appearance of a small pebble or pill, hence the common name (El-Moursy 1961)." 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4731-TrophicStrategy 4731 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults and larvae are herbivorous on the leaves and rhizoids of mosses and liverworts (El-Moursy 1961 and Lawrence et al. 2000). 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3341-ConservationStatus 3341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Sometimes common, no known concerns." 7/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3341-Cyclicity 3341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June through July. 7/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3341-Distribution 3341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Palaearctic. Described from Europe where it occurs in the British Isles including the Channel Islands (Goater 1986) and on the mainland (Parenti 2000). In North America it ranges from the east to the west coasts. In Alberta, probably widespread in grassland areas." 7/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3341-GeneralDescription 3341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized crambid (21-25 mm wingspan) with light gray brown forewings having a longitudinal median silvery white discal stripe which ends before the subterminal line. This stripe lacks a tooth below and is cut near the terminal end by a fine dark oblique line resulting in a white patch beyond the main part of the stripe. The fore wing has a falcate apex. There is a row of four dark spots in the subterminal line. The hind wings are smoky white. The cilia of both fore and hind wings are silvery metallic. Males are similar to females. North American material has been referred to the race or subspecies floridus Zell. (Forbes 1920, Handfield 1997). Similar to Crambus leachellus, C. ainsliellus, C. hamellus and C. occidentalis but all lack the fine dark line which cuts across the median stripe near its terminal end and the last two species have a tooth on the underside of the median line. No published illustrations or description of the genitalia are known." 7/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3341-Habitat 3341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland areas and wetlands. 7/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3341-LifeCycle 3341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Diurnal and comes to light. Apparently single brooded. 7/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3341-TrophicStrategy 3341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Forbes (1920) comments ""caterpillar on grass"". In Europe, the larvae feed on Gramineae, especially species of Poa (Parenti 2000)." 7/9/03 0:00 2/5/15 14:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3162-ConservationStatus 3162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Probably common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3162-Cyclicity 3162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from June to August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3162-Distribution 3162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental and widely distributed North American. The range extends from Alaska, south to Montana and New Mexico, east to Newfoundland. However, this species has not been recorded in Manitoba or North Dakota (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3162-GeneralDescription 3162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adult head is dark brown and the antennae are alternately banded with light and dark bands. The forewings are covered with dense fine hair and the hindwings are uniformly brownish without any markings. Spur formula is 2, 4, 4. In males, the clasper is sinuate and resembles a bird head and shoulders. There is also a ventral hooked spine on the extremity of the clasper (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3162-Habitat 3162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3162-LifeCycle 3162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3162-TrophicStrategy 3162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3163-ConservationStatus 3163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively uncommon. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3163-Cyclicity 3163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from June to August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3163-Distribution 3163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental though out North America. The range extends from Alaska, south to California and east to Newfoundland. Also records found in Colorado, North Dakota, New York, North West Territories and Greenland (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3163-GeneralDescription 3163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult head is medium brown and the antennae a uniform brown. Forewings are narrow, light brown and the hindwings are without markings. Spur formula is 2, 4, 4. In males, the clasper articles are clearly distinct. The articles are continuous from one to the other, no offsetting of the distal article to the mesal face of the proximal article (Wiggins, 1998).\n\n" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3163-Habitat 3163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3163-LifeCycle 3163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3163-TrophicStrategy 3163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3164-ConservationStatus 3164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3164-Cyclicity 3164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from June to August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3164-Distribution 3164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is common across the northern and montane areas of the continent. It ranges from Alaska, Oregon and Utah, east to Newfoundland and south to Alabama (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3164-GeneralDescription 3164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult heads are medium brown and the antennae are banded with light and dark brown. The forewings are usually covered with dense fine setae and the hindwings are greyish-brown with a few apical markings. Spur formula is 2, 4, 4. In males, the basal article of the clasper is bell-shaped. Distal article is as long as the basal article and the ventral lobe is bifurcated and claw-like (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3164-Habitat 3164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters and possibly some slower waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3164-LifeCycle 3164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3164-TrophicStrategy 3164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3165-ConservationStatus 3165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively uncommon. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3165-Cyclicity 3165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are flying from June to August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3165-Distribution 3165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This North American species extends from Alaska, Yukon and British Columbia, east to Labrador, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. It is also recorded in North Dakota, Minnesota and Michigan (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3165-GeneralDescription 3165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults head is dark brown and the antennae are banded with medium and dark browns. Forewings have whitish reticulations on a dark brown background and the hindwings are grayish with a few apical markings. Spur formula is 2, 4, 4. This is the largest species in the genus Agrypnia. In males, the clasper is uniform in width and extends beyond the base. The ventral process of the ventral lobe is distally bifurcated. The ventral face of the basal area is horizontal with the remainder inclined at about a 30° angle (Wiggins, 1998.)" 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3165-Habitat 3165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3165-LifeCycle 3165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3165-TrophicStrategy 3165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2862-ConservationStatus 2862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but uncommon species. No obvious concerns. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2862-Cyclicity 2862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from mid-June through early September. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2862-Distribution 2862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in western North America, from southern SK west to southern BC, and south to at least Colorado and California. In Alberta the Gentle Dagger Moth occurs in wooded and shrubby areas, especially in riparian woodlands, throughout the arid Grasslands region, north to at least the lower Red Deer River." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2862-GeneralDescription 2862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small (3.0-3.2 cm wingspan) narrow-winged dagger-moth with clean blue-grey forewings and shining white hindwings. The black basal streak is long and thin, forking both up and down toward the wing margins. The orbicular and reniform spots are outlined in black scales and filled with paler scales. The antemedian and postmedian lines are well marked and doubled, and the postmedian line in particular is filled with light scales. The ""dagger-mark"" in the anal angle is prominent, and in some specimens there are rusty-brown scales. The lower third of the forewings is suffused with blackish scales, giving the wing a two-toned appearance. The hindwings are shining white, darkening slightly along the margin and with some dark scaling along the veins, particularly in females. The antennae are simple in both sexes." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2862-Habitat 2862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry deciduous woodland and tall shrub. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2862-LifeCycle 2862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The Gentle Dagger Moth is a solitary defoliator of deciduous trees or shrubs. The adults come to both light and sugar bait. The extended flight period in southern Alberta is undoubtedly the result of more than one annual brood.\nThis little dagger moth has been collected mainly in riparian woodlands along the river valleys of the plains in southern Alberta. It was not listed for Alberta by Bowman (1951). 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2862-TrophicStrategy 2862 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta (or Canadian) data. Elsewhere, Prunus subcordata has been listed as a larval host, and one or more of the native cherries (Prunus sp). are the probable host in Alberta as well." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2863-ConservationStatus 2863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but uncommon moth. No obvious concerns. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2863-Cyclicity 2863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late May and June. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2863-Distribution 2863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "New Brunswick west to the Alberta foothills, south to DC, Missouri and in the mountains to Colorado. In Alberta, it has been found most often along the valleys in the southern grasslands region, but has also been collected north to Edmonton and west to Calgary." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2863-GeneralDescription 2863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.5 cm wingspan) pale buff grey moth. They lack ""dagger-marks"" and there is no basal dash. The antemedian and the post median lines are doubled, and the area between the two is usually paler than the remainder of the wing. The postmedian line is dragged outward at each vein, giving it a saw-toothed appearance. The orbicular spot is a small open circle, and the reniform is a larger, darker incomplete spot. The forewings appear powdery and the markings are all somewhat blurred. The hindwings are shining white, with a bit of grey dusting toward the outer margin. The antennae are simple. The sexes are similar, with females being slightly darker, especially on the hindwings. The pale color and soft blurry pattern will separate it from the other Alberta dagger moths." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2863-Habitat 2863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry deciduous woodland and riparian shrub in the grasslands. 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2863-LifeCycle 2863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A solitary defoliator, with a single brood each year, which overwinters in the pupal stage. The adults are attracted to light.\nAcronicta sperata is one of the least common Alberta dagger-moths. They appear to be associated with riparian areas in the valleys in the dry prairie grassland region of the province, and absent (?) in the more mesic aspen parklands and southern boreal forests. Our paler western prairie populations have been named subspecies speratina." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2863-TrophicStrategy 2863 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; in adjacent Saskatchewan and Manitoba, willow (Salix sp.) is the most frequent host, with single (questionable) records of Manitoba maple (Acer negundo), Hazel (Corylus) and Cherry (Prunus) (Prentice 1962). Elsewhere poplar (Populus) and alder (Alnus) have been reported as larval hosts (Forbes 1954)." 4/7/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5884-ConservationStatus 5884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "According to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC 2005a, 2005b) this species is not in any risk category." 5/30/06 9:02 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5884-Cyclicity 5884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Males from May to August and females from May to October (Dondale & Redner, 1990; Pickavance 2001)." 5/30/06 9:02 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5884-Distribution 5884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Newfoundland, south to northern New Mexico and northern New England (Dondale & Redner 1990)." 5/30/06 9:02 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5884-GeneralDescription 5884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pardosa fuscula is the only species of the Pardosa atrata group present in North America (Dondale & Redner, 1987). Carapace (dorsal portion of the cephalothorax or head region) broad, dark brown, darker in the eye region, with two longitudinal lighter bands near the lateral edges (these bands more distinct in females), one smaller stripe the same color, over de dorsal mid line covering just the thoracic groove. Mouthparts: Chelicerae, labium, and endites dark brown. Sternum (ventral plate between legs) dark brown. Coxae (1st leg segment) and legs dark and dusky with dorsal black streaks, especially on femora (3rd leg segment). Abdomen dark brown to black with an antero-dorsal light patch, lighter ventrally. Length between 6.5 to 7.6 mm. Males are usually similar than females but darker and slightly smaller. Male palp (see additional picture, articulated appendages anterior to 1st pair of legs): Terminal apophysis (ta in image) small and curved, finger like, median apophysis (ma in image) big and swollen with two projections, anterior projection broad and curved posteriorly, posterior projection small and hooked anteriorly Female epigynum (see additional picture, located in the anterior ventral side of the abdomen): Wider than long, lateral plates (lp in image) broadly rounded on each side, posterior endings swollen (1 in image), anterior part of septum (s in image) slender and narrow, posterior part triangular fitting between posterior ends of lateral plates (2 in image), atrium (a in image) broad and rounded." 5/30/06 9:02 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5884-Habitat 5884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Associated to high moisture habitats, near water (Graham et al 2003)." 5/30/06 9:02 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5884-LifeCycle 5884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is typically found near water bodies and shows high affinity to this habitat, it has been considered as a semi-aquatic species, having a strong positive correlation with moist litoral areas (Graham et al 2004), such as salt marshes (Dondale & Redner 1990), meadows (Dondale & Redner 1990; Nordstrom & Buckle 2002), bogs, swamps, beaches (Benell-Aitchison & Dondale 1990) and peatlands (Dondale & Redner 1994). As many other Pardosa species, P. fuscula shows a biennial life cycle (Pickavance 2001), copulation events may occur through all summer because females with egg sacs have been collected from late May to mid October (Dondale & Redner 1990), although these should be more frequent during August because spiderlings show higher abundances during September that in other months (Pickavance 2001). As many other Pardosa species, P. fuscula immatures overwinter two times before reaching adult stage (Pickavance 2001)." 5/30/06 9:02 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5884-TrophicStrategy 5884 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Generalist predator, no information available." 5/30/06 9:02 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5885-ConservationStatus 5885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "According to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC 2005a, 2005b) this species is not in any risk category." 5/30/06 10:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5885-Cyclicity 5885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult males forage from early May to August, while females from mid May to mid September (Dondale & Redner 1990; Pickavance 2001)." 5/30/06 10:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5885-Distribution 5885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holartic (Artic to Boreal). West coast of Greenland, Newfoundland to Alaska, Coast of Maine to south Alberta. Northern Utah to Central Colorado. Siberia (Dondale & Redner 1990)." 5/30/06 10:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5885-GeneralDescription 5885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pardosa groenlandica is included in the Pardosa modica group with 15 other species in Canada (Dondale & Redner 1990). Differentiation between species is based on sexual characters. Medium sized spiders (8.5-9-5mm long), carapace (dorsal portion of the head region or cephalothorax) broad, narrow at eye area, dark brown to dark reddish (darker at eye region) with three to four light brown spots on each side, dorsal mid line light brown, lighter and broader around thoracic groove. Mouthparts: Chelicerae long, hairy and dark brown, endites and labium dusky light brown. Sternum (ventral plate between legs) darker with an atero-median light patch narrowing to the center. Coxae (1st leg segment) light brown, lighter at the base, legs brown, lighter in apical segments and often with longitudinal light brown stains, especially on femora (3rd leg segment) and tibia (5th leg segment). Abdomen dark brown with a dorsal longitudinal anterior light patch; ventrally yellowish brown (especially in females, having the anterior portion light yellow). Males and females similar size and coloration pattern but males darker. Male palp (see additional picture, articulated appendages anterior to 1st pair of legs): Terminal apophysis (ta in image) elongated, curved and pointed apically, embolus (e in image) long and curved, median apophysis (ma in image) small with two projections, anterior projection smaller and rounded, posterior projection longer and beak-like. Female epigynum (see additional picture, located in the anterior ventral side of the abdomen): Longer than wide, broader posteriorly (triangular shape), median septum (ms in image) prominent, narrow in its anterior portion, lateral plates (lp in image) arched on each side with two swellings (1 and 2 in image), posterior swelling broad, cavity sclerites (cs in image) with anterior margin convex, atrium (a in image) longer than wide." 5/30/06 10:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5885-Habitat 5885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alpine tundra, (Dondale & Redner 1990; Dondale 1999), Aspen forests (Nordstrom & Buckle 2002)." 5/30/06 10:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5885-LifeCycle 5885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This is a common ground-dwelling species (Hackman 1954; Benell-Aitchison & Dondale 1990), found mostly in open areas (roadsides, fields, bare rocks, etc.) or near water, in beaches (Dondale 1999), bogs, swamps. Proportion of sexes are almost the same in July (Pickavance 2001) in accordance to observed mating events in the same month (Dondale 1999), though early mating can occur because egg sacs are reported from late May to mid September (Dondale & Redner 1990). This species has been reported as biennial (Dondale & Redner 1990; Dondale 1999; Pickavance 2001), immature stages overwinter and reach penultimate moult during the following summer and stay as subadult until next summer (two immature cohorts present at the end of each year, one of subadult individuals and one of early instars), having a life cycle from hatching to maturity of 23 months (Dondale 1999). However, it is suggested that some individuals could be triennial for those late hatching cocoons (Pickavance 2001)." 5/30/06 10:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5885-TrophicStrategy 5885 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Generalist predator, no information available." 5/30/06 10:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4732-ConservationStatus 4732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern; a common species in Alberta. 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4732-Cyclicity 4732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in spring and early summer (Johnson 2000) and have been collected in Alberta from April t 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4732-Distribution 4732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range of this species in North America is extensive, from Labrador to Pribilof Island of Alaska and from northern Alaska to central California and southern New York (El-Moursy 1970)." 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4732-GeneralDescription 4732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Length greater than 6.5 mm. Body form oval, convex, blackish-brown in colour and lacklustre with short, dense pubescence (Casey 1912). Labrum semicircular (El-Moursy 1970) and first antennomere black (Downie et al. 1996). Apical one fourth of each elytra with large transverse black spot extending from lateral margin to near mid line (El-Moursy 1970 and LeConte 1854). Elytral punctures small and dense but separated (Johnson 1991). Elytra broad and obtusely rounded posteriorly (El-Moursy 1970). Male genitalia with median lobe tapered near apex and parameres laterally curved at apex (El-Moursy 1970). Female genitalia presently unidentifiable (Hatch 1961). Larvae with large hypognathous head (head and mouth directed ventrally) with distinctive ventral epicranial ridges and 6 well-separated stemmata. Similar in body form to larvae of Chrysomelidae but with distinct lacinia and articulated galea (Lawrence 1991)." 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4732-Habitat 4732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Adults are often found in mosses, in moist sand or soil and under logs and stones (El-Moursy 1961)." 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4732-LifeCycle 4732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are occasionally found in the soil of young trees in nurseries (Lawrence 1991 and Lawrence et al. 2000) and sometimes as washup or windblown drift on beaches (Johnson 2000). Larvae burrow under moss layers and underlying substrate (Johnson 2000). When disturbed, adults pull in their appendages and remain motionless. This behaviour creates the appearance of a small pebble or pill, hence the common name (El-Moursy 1961)." 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4732-TrophicStrategy 4732 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults and larvae herbivorous on the leaves and rhizoids of mosses and liverworts (El-Moursy 1961 and Lawrence et al. 2000). 6/23/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5151-ConservationStatus 5151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5151-Cyclicity 5151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Alberta adults in August and September, peaking in early September." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5151-Distribution 5151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental (Newfoundland to Vancouver Island) in the southern boreal forest and mountains; south in the east to Kentucky and Missouri. In Alberta it has been collected in the boreal forest and foothills, north to about Slave Lake and south to Calgary. Probably more widespread, but poorly sampled due to the late flight date." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5151-GeneralDescription 5151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.6- 4.3 cm wingspan) mottled red-brown and grey-brown moth. The antemedian and postmedian lines are marked in black, the latter ""toothed"" outward at each vein. The basal area and in particular the lower median area mahogany red. The orbicular spot is a large oval similar in color to the ground and often difficult to see. The most prominent markings are the white reniform spot and a larger and less defined white patch in the anal angle beyond the postmedian line. The subterminal line is an incomplete, sinuous line of pale scales. The hindwings are sooty brown or grey, darker on the outer half, with a faint dark discal spot and two narrow darker bands. Sexes similar, but females usually somewhat darker. Male antennae bipectinate; female simple.\nThe larvae is orange-tan to grey-green with the dorsum darker than the venter and an off white lateral line, and is illustrated in color in Miller and Hammond, 2003." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5151-Habitat 5151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic deciduous and mixedwood forest and woodland. 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5151-LifeCycle 5151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, with adults appearing in early fall. The larvae are solitary defoliators of various hardwood and deciduous shrubs. \nAdults are attracted to both light and sugar bait.\n" 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5151-TrophicStrategy 5151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on various deciduous trees and shrubs, including alder (Alnus), willow (Salix), cottonwood (Populus), white birch (Betula papyrifera) and buffaloberry (Shepherdia) (Prentice, 1962). Also red alder (Alnus rubra), Rhododendron, and red blueberry (Vaccinium parviflorum) (Miller and Hammond, 2003)." 11/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4033-ConservationStatus 4033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rarely collected species. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4033-Cyclicity 4033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late June and July. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4033-Distribution 4033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Until recently known only from 3 specimens from Manitoba and south central Saskatchewan. Recent collecting with pheromones has found helenis in the Ministik Lake and Wagner Fen Natural Area near Edmonton, and in the subarctic at Wentzel Lake in the Caribou Mountains." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4033-GeneralDescription 4033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A tiny (1.7-2.2 cm wingspan) mosquito-like clear-winged moth. The antennae and body are dark brown-black or black, with narrow pale yellow bands around the end of the second and fifth abdominal segments. The forewings are mostly hyaline (without scales), except for the veins, which are lined with dark brown-black scales. The discal bar is prominent, and slanted slightly toward the apex and has a few orange scales mixed in with the mostly black ones. The outer half of the area between the discal bar and the outer margin is filled with dusky orange-brown scaling. The hindwings are hyaline except for the veins, and all wings have prominent dark fringes. S. helena can be separated from similar-sized S. pictipes by the dark scaling in the outer half of the forewing beyond the discal bar, which pictipes lacks. The apparently closely related S. bolteri has a similar pattern to helenis, but the outer forewing area is brick red, and it has a single wide red band on the abdomen instead of the pale yellow bands. Helenis can be separated from the very similar S. arctica by the solid black antennae (light scales on apical third in arctica)." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4033-Habitat 4033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood forest; peatlands. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4033-LifeCycle 4033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No information. Like other members of the family Sesiidae, they are undoubtedly borers in the hostplant." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4033-TrophicStrategy 4033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3166-ConservationStatus 3166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncertain. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3166-Cyclicity 3166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from May to September. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3166-Distribution 3166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic in distribution. The range extends from northern Ontario, west to Yukon and Alaska and south through British Columbia to Washington (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3166-GeneralDescription 3166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult heads are light yellowish-brown with white setae and the antennae uniform yellowish-brown. The forewings are a yellowish-brown covered lightly with fine setae and the hindwings are whitish. In males, the clasper is relatively horizontal and deeply bifurcate. The lobes are well separated and parallel. The ventral lobe is tapered, acuminate and shorter than the dorsal lobe (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3166-Habitat 3166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3166-LifeCycle 3166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3166-TrophicStrategy 3166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3167-ConservationStatus 3167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncertain. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3167-Cyclicity 3167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from June through to October. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3167-Distribution 3167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska south to British Columbia and Colorado, east to the Great Lakes and Quebec (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3167-GeneralDescription 3167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adult head and antennae are brown. Forewings uniformly light brown to dark brown and the hindwings are light brown without any markings. Spur formula is 2, 4, 4. In males, the clasper is almost horizontal and the base is greatly widened ventrad. The dorsal lobe is terminally bifurcated and club-like (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3167-Habitat 3167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3167-LifeCycle 3167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3167-TrophicStrategy 3167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3168-ConservationStatus 3168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species is expected here, but has not been recorded yet." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3168-Distribution 3168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species have been recorded in Oregon and British Columbia, east to Newfoundland and south to Florida. However, it has not yet been collected in Alberta (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3168-GeneralDescription 3168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults head are greyish-brown and the antennae are brown. There are conspicuous blotches of dark and light brown on the forewings and there is a dark apical band on the hindwings. In males, the proximal article of the clasper has a large, tapered, acuminate curved process. This process is directed mesad from the ventral face (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3168-Habitat 3168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lakes, however, some records indicate rivers as well." 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3168-LifeCycle 3168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Annual? 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3168-TrophicStrategy 3168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3169-ConservationStatus 3169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3169-Cyclicity 3169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from May to August. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3169-Distribution 3169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species range extends from Alaska and western North West Territories, south to California, Utah, North Mexico, east to Newfoundland, Illinois, West Virginia and New York (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3169-GeneralDescription 3169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult bodies are brown and the antennae have sharply defined bands of dark and light browns. There is a variable dense pattern of fine brown reticulations on the forewing, with patches of dark blotches. In males, the clasper is claw-like. The lateral arm of the aedeagus is tapered, sigmoid, acuminate and blade-like (Wiggins, 1998)." 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3169-Habitat 3169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Standing waters. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3169-LifeCycle 3169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Egg hatch occurs from August to September and reach the 4th instar by November. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3169-TrophicStrategy 3169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Instars 1-4 feed on algae and the 5th instar is predacious. 6/19/03 0:00 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4913-ConservationStatus 4913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly widespread western species; no reasons for concern. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4913-Cyclicity 4913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are on the wing in Alberta from mid May through early July. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4913-Distribution 4913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring from central Saskatchewan west to southern Vancouver Island, north to Tweedsmuir Park, BC and Tolman Bridge in Alberta, south to California. In Alberta found in wooded areas in the grasslands region, north to Tolman Bridge Recreation Area." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4913-GeneralDescription 4913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small dark grey-brown geometrid, slightly above average in size for the genus Eupithecia (1.9-2.4 cm wingspan). Markings obscure except for a fairly prominent dark forewing discal dot. The presence of dark brownish shading along the cubital vein at the bases of veins 3 and 4 and short dark transverse dashes on the postmedian line can be used to identify some specimens. However, the genitalia should be examined for positive identification. The square shape of the valves with a prominent median costal process and the narrow lyre-shaped 8th sternite in the male, and the very long appendix bursa and an almost completely sclerotized ductus in females will identify lachrymosa (Bolte, 1990)." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4913-Habitat 4913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Woodland and shrub. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4913-LifeCycle 4913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4913-TrophicStrategy 4913 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported hosts include willow (Salix), Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera), Ceanothus, and Alder (Alnus) (Prentice, 1963; McKay, 1951; McGuffin, 1958)." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4914-ConservationStatus 4914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4914-Cyclicity 4914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Albert adults have been collected in June and early July. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4914-Distribution 4914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to British Columbia, south in the east to the Gulf states. In Alberta the Fragile White Carpet has been collected along the southern boreal forest (Edmonton, Touchwood Lake)." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4914-GeneralDescription 4914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A very small (approximately 1.8 cm. wingspan) fragile broad-winged dull white moth. The wings are crossed by a series of five forewing and three hindwing bands comprised of a series of dull yellow-brown spots or blotches, giving it a checkerboard appearance. There are also small dark discal spots on all four wings. There is a narrow yellow-brown line across the frons. Antennae simple. Sexes similar. The small size and numerous spots should separate it from other small pale Alberta geometrids." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4914-Habitat 4914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mature deciduous and mixedwood forest. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4914-LifeCycle 4914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Few data. Adults are attracted to light. There is a single brood each year. 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4914-TrophicStrategy 4914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data. Elsewhere larvae are reported to feed dogwoods (Cornus stolonifera and C. alternafolia) and less commonly on White birch (Betula papyrifera) (Handfield, 1999)." 9/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3010-ConservationStatus 3010 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon in Alberta. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3010-Cyclicity 3010 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June and July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3010-Distribution 3010 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta and Southern Manitoba, south through the western United States (Fisher 1942, Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3010-GeneralDescription 3010 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is 1 of 2 species of Chrysobothris with white hairs covering the elytra. These hairs are often short, inconspicuous or worn, leading a person to key the beetle out through the other half of Couplet 1 in the above key. The head and pronotum are also covered with white hairs. The sides of the pronotum are straight; and the base is wider than the width of the head. Each elytron has 3 or 4 costae with the first more strongly elevated towards the posterior. Three foveae are present, each densely punctured, and usually reddish in colour are located between the first and second costae, at the end of the third costae and one interrupting the middle of the second costa. The tooth on the profemur is serrate distally." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3010-Habitat 3010 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Southern deciduous woodlands. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3010-LifeCycle 3010 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In warmer, southern parts of the beetles range, there is usually one generation per year. In cooler, northern climates, the larval period may be extended to two years (Burke 1929). The larvae chew broad irregular shallow tunnels through the inner bark and sapwood. In the Pacific Northwest, these beetles are responsible for the destruction of newly planted orchards trees (Baker 1977)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3010-TrophicStrategy 3010 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Known to feed on a wide range of deciduous trees and shrubs, including maple, hawthorn, willow, alder, poplar, cherry and elm (Bright 1987). In some parts of its range it is a noted pest of orchards and ornamental trees (Burke 1929)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3011-ConservationStatus 3011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3011-Cyclicity 3011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June and July. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3011-Distribution 3011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Reported from Roche Percée, Saskatchewan, southern Alberta and sporadically south to California (Fisher, 1942 Bright 1987)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3011-GeneralDescription 3011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description This is the second species of Chrysobothris with white hair on the elytra. The head and pronotum are covered with white hair. The sides of the pronotum are curved with the base about the same width as the head. Each elytron has many indistinct costae. Two or 3 large shallow densely punctured foveae usually greenish in colour are located on each elytron. The antennae are black or slightly bronzed. The margins of the pronotum are weakly serrate. The tooth on the profemur is smooth or slightly rough distally. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3011-Habitat 3011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grasslands. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3011-LifeCycle 3011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Little is known, Fisher (1942) reports an association with umbrella plant (Eriogonum spp.)." 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 3011-TrophicStrategy 3011 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 6/5/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4259-ConservationStatus 4259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No special status (IUCN 2002). 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4259-Cyclicity 4259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult population peak in late spring, declining into fall (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985)." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4259-Distribution 4259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Alberta this species has been recorded from most regions. This species ranges from Alaska to Newfoundland; known from all provinces and states along the USA-Canada border, as far south as Colorado (Larson et al. 2000, Partridge and Lauff 1999)." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4259-GeneralDescription 4259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Small to medium size (22.6 to 32.0 mm), elongate body (Larson et al. 2000). Brown-black to black - many with green appearance. Basal segments of antennae yellow, terminal segments darker. All pronotal margins bordered with yellow. Lateral border of elytra yellow, not reaching apex. Females with yellow striae and dark ridges. Yellow ventral surface, except brown-black metasternum, reddish metacoxa, margins of abdominal sterna narrowly black and thoracic sclerites with narrowly black margins. Dark basolateral marking on second and third sterna. Yellow or reddish legs.\n
Royal Alberta Museum page" 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4259-Habitat 4259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Permanent lakes, ponds and bogs (Larson et al. 2000). Associated with aquatic macrophytes." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4259-LifeCycle 4259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwinter as adults in permanent waters (Larson et al. 2000). Early spring mating (Aiken 1992). Univoltine (Aiken and Wilkinson 1985). Strong swimmers, hind legs move together while swimming. Adults attracted to lights." 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4259-TrophicStrategy 4259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Predatory - active swimmers. Invertebrate and fish larvae prey. Suggestion that diet primarily composed of dead animal matter (Aiken and Leggett 1984). Predation rates highest at night (Aiken 1986). 2/4/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5886-ConservationStatus 5886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "According to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC 2005a, 2005b) this species is not in any risk category." 5/30/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5886-Cyclicity 5886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Males have been collected from late May to early August and females from June to September (Dondale & Redner 1990; Pickavance 2001). 5/30/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5886-Distribution 5886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Labrador, south to Vancouver Island, Wyoming, northern Michigan and northern New England. Greenland. Europe (Dondale & Redner 1990)." 5/30/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5886-GeneralDescription 5886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pardosa hyperborea is the only representative of the Pardosa saltuaria group in Canada (Dondale & Redner, 1987). Carapace (dorsal portion of the head region or cephalothorax) narrow, light brown, with two longitudinal dark brown stripes that go from the posterior end just to the anteiror eye row, clypeus (portion between anterior eye row and border of carapace) same color as sides; longitudinal dorsal mid line light brown, less conspicuous near postero-median eyes. Mouthparts: Chelicerae yellowish, darker in the apex; labium and endites same color as chelicerae. Sternum (plate between legs) dusky with a medial lighter patch. Coxae (1st leg segment) and femora (3rd leg segment) light brown; patella (4th leg segment), tibia (5th leg segment), metatarsi (7th leg segment) and tarsi (8th leg segment) darker, tibia with three inconspicuous lighter rings. Abdomen dark brown with a longitudinal medial light band bordered by a non continuous black line on each side, venter of abdomen lighter. Males and Females are similar in coloration and size but males are usually smaller; length ranges between 4.5 to 5.5mm. Male palp (see additional picture, articulated appendages anterior to 1st pair of legs): Terminal apophysis (ta in image) big, longer than wide, median apophysis (ma in image) small, with two projections, anterior projection short, posterior projections straight, directed backward, prominent. Female epigynum (see additional picture, located in the anterior ventral side of the abdomen): Two well separated anterior hoods (h in image), median septum (s in image) large, prominent and flat, lateral plates (lp in image) angular, laying below septum." 5/30/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5886-Habitat 5886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alpine tundra, spruce, balsam fir and jack pine forests (Dondale & Redner 1990, 1994)." 5/30/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5886-LifeCycle 5886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Pardosa hyperborea as most of Lycosid species, is a ground-dwelling species that usually prefer open areas, such as rocky hillsides or among lichens (Dondale & Redner 1990), peatlands or sphagnum bogs (Nordstrom & Buckle 2002), and is also common in burned areas (Buddle et al 2000). There is no information about life cycle of this species, but it could be inferred from related species (Pickavance 2001; Buddle, 2000), that P. hyperborea may have a two-year life span from hatching to maturity, overwintering the first time as immature and a second time as subadult, showing a superposition of different cohorts during the year. Mating should occur during June or July when both sexes are present, it has been reported females with egg sacs in July and August (Dondale & Redner 1990)." 5/30/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5886-TrophicStrategy 5886 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Generalist predator, no information available." 5/30/06 11:45 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4585-ConservationStatus 4585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Of limited distribution in Alberta, but probably under-sampled; further surveying needed." 5/3/04 0:00 7/3/12 16:23 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4585-Cyclicity 4585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No Alberta data available; should be expected between late June to late July. 5/3/04 0:00 7/3/12 16:23 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4585-Distribution 4585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "East-central Alberta east to Nova Scotia, south to FL (McGuffin 1972). Due to the presence of two species under the name of bicolorata, the distribution limits are unclear. Although not reported for Alberta by Bowman (1951), there are records from the Athbasca, Redwater, Lloydminster and Cold Lake regions (McGuffin 1972, Prentice 1963)." 5/3/04 0:00 7/3/12 16:23 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4585-GeneralDescription 4585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wings medium grey with faint, darker antemedian (AM) and (postmedian) PM lines, three to four bold black costal forewing wedges. The outer third of the wings are brownish, giving this species its name, and distinguishing it from other Alberta Macaria.\nAccording to geometrid specialist Klaus Bolte (Handfield 1999), the Canadian populations are specifically distinct from nominate bicolorata (TL: Virginia), so until a name is available for our species, it should be referred to as ""near bicolorata"".\n" 5/3/04 0:00 7/3/12 16:23 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4585-Habitat 4585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Pine forest. 5/3/04 0:00 7/3/12 16:23 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4585-LifeCycle 4585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle McGuffin (1972) describes the early stages in detail. Adults come to light. 5/3/04 0:00 7/3/12 16:23 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4585-TrophicStrategy 4585 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on pines, preferring Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana), the likely host in Alberta." 5/3/04 0:00 7/3/12 16:23 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4201-ConservationStatus 4201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4201-Cyclicity 4201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta adults fly from May to July, peaking from late May to mid June." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4201-Distribution 4201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern interior BC east to Nova Scotia, south to FL, KY, MO and ID (McGuffin 1981, Wagner et al. 2001)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4201-GeneralDescription 4201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively pale, large Euchlaena. AM and PM lines more diiffuse than E. madusaria, black discal spots small but well defined. Outer third of forewing often contrasting and and slightly darker. Similar to E. tigrinaria, but lacks the black patches in the subterminal area of the wings.\nIn eastern North America, the outer third of the wing is much darker than in western specimens; the western forms were described as Euchlaena albertanensis (Swett) but McGuffin (1981) considers these forms of marginaria. To complicate matters, Wagner et al. (2001) state that Canadian and northern US populations which have gone under the name marginaria may be a separate species from the douple-brooded marginaria of the southeastern US. \n" 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4201-Habitat 4201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous boreal forest. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4201-LifeCycle 4201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and are attracted to lights. The dark brown, mottled larva is a twig mimic, complete with two wart-like dorsal projections at the base of the abdomen (Wagner et al 2001). Ives & Wong (1988) also illustrate the larva." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4201-TrophicStrategy 4201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on alder (Alnus sp.), white birch (Betula papyrifera) and willow (Salix sp.) in western Canada (Prentice 1963)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4202-ConservationStatus 4202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Apparently rare in Alberta; status uncertain. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4202-Cyclicity 4202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in early June to early July. 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4202-Distribution 4202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "East-central and southern Alberta east to Nova Scotia, south to Florida and Texas. This species may actually be confined to the eastern US, with Canadian populations referable to E. muzaria (Wagner et al. 2001)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4202-GeneralDescription 4202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The ground colour varies from tan to dark chestnut brown, with a conspicuous serrate hindwing edge. Black discal spots, small but well-defined, Am and PM line faint. The combination of a strongly serrate hindwing margin and well-defined discal spots will serve to separate E. obtusaria from other Euchlaena." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4202-Habitat 4202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta, found only in mixedwood forest of the southern boreal region." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4202-LifeCycle 4202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Up to 230 eggs are laid, hatching in only three to four days (McGuffin 1981). The larva is an excellent twig mimic, striped with pale and brown and bearing two short dorsal protuberances on the fifth abdominal segment (Wagner et al. 2001). The larva overwinters, likely in thew fifth instar (McGuffin 1981)." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4202-TrophicStrategy 4202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larval hosts may include birch(Betula
)and cherry(Prunus) in Alberta; however, due to possible confusion of this species with E. muzaria (Wagner et al 2001), host records need to be confirmed." 1/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4308-ConservationStatus 4308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Known in Canada from only two localities. More survey work needed. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4308-Cyclicity 4308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta record is for early September. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4308-Distribution 4308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Riske Creek to Lillooet, BC and Dinosaur Prov. Park, AB; south to southern CA and CO (McGuffin 1987, Fischer et al. 2000)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4308-GeneralDescription 4308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large and robust geometrid, wings grey-brown with heavy, dark grey speckling. Forewing more elongate than usual for this group, with a slightly falcate tip and slight mid-margin points. Dark, jagged AM, PM and subterminal lines, hindwing slightly lighter and with PM line only. \nThe narrow forewing, large size and jagged transverse lines are unique among the larger fall-flying geometrids\n" 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4308-Habitat 4308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie badlands. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4308-LifeCycle 4308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unlike other species in this genus, formosa does not have bright yellowish colouration to mimic fall colours; it's colours are much more subdued, matching the light browns and greys of the end of summer in dry prairie habitats. Virtually nothing is known of this species biology, and the immature stages are undescribed." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4308-TrophicStrategy 4308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hostplants are unknown. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4309-ConservationStatus 4309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4309-Cyclicity 4309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly throughout September 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4309-Distribution 4309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Essentially a western species, but occurring east to central Saskatchewan, south to CA (McGuffin 1987)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4309-GeneralDescription 4309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The October Thorn is one a several rather large geometrids that fly in the fall and have autumn-leaf colours of ochres and rust-brown. The discal spots are small and black but distinct; wings with a pointed protrusion at mid-margin.\nSimilar to the extremely variable Prochoerodes transversata, but the PM line joins the wing margin in a straight line, while in transversata it angles sharply near the apex toward the thorax. S. pallulata, which occurs in the Crowsnest Pass region, is very similar, but has heavier crosslines and darker mottling. No structural differences between jubararia and pallulata are known.\n" 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4309-Habitat 4309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forests and woodlands. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4309-LifeCycle 4309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The marbled grey-brown larvae have a large dorsal hump on the thorax, and resemble twigs (Ives & Wong 1988). The egg likely overwinters, and adults are nocturnal and come to light." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4309-TrophicStrategy 4309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on deciduous shrubs, particularly willows (Salix) and alder (Alnus), also on birch (Betula), poplars (Populus) and dogwood (Cornus (McGuffin 1987)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4310-ConservationStatus 4310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4310-Cyclicity 4310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late June - mid July, with a second flight in late August in the prairie region." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4310-Distribution 4310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Coastal BC east to Newfoundland, south to NC and CA (Ferguson 1985)." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4310-GeneralDescription 4310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Although similar in colouration and size to Nemoria emeralds, the scalloped or wavy white transverse lines are unique; it is also the only emerald with a white dorsal line along the green abdomen. Usually the commonest green geometrid in Alberta. \nFerguson (1985) assigns Alberta populations to subspecies liquoraria (Guenee).\n" 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4310-Habitat 4310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodlands, meadows, prairie grassland and shrubland." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4310-LifeCycle 4310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae possess unique subdorsal triangular projections (lateral in Nemoria). Larvae exhibit the fascinating behavior of attaching bits of the plant tissue on which they are feeding along their backs, perhaps the ultimate form of visual camouflage. Wagner et al. (2001) illustrate a larva with bits of flower petals attached, which are apparently renewed daily since plant bits are always fresh. Larvae can be found feeding on the flower heads of composites (Wagner et al. 2001). The partially grown larva overwinters (McGuffin 1988). Adults are nocturnal and come to light." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4310-TrophicStrategy 4310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Flowers, particularly of composites (Asteraceae), including Aster, Rudbeckia, Liatris, Solidago, Artemisia, Achillea, and Rubus (Ferguson 1985, Wagner et al. 2001)." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4312-ConservationStatus 4312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Restricted distribution in AB, but widespread to the west." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4312-Cyclicity 4312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in late June and early July. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4312-Distribution 4312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southwestern AB and southern BC south to AZ and NM (McGuffin 1977). 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4312-GeneralDescription 4312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The mottled grey colour and pattern of the adults resembles tree bark. Black AM and PM lines, diffuse discal spot and median line. Similar to several other species in this group, including S. pulmonaria, Iridopsis larvaria and Anavitrinella pampinaria: S. separataria has a more crenulate, irregular PM line than pulmonaria, and flies earlier in the season; questionable identifications should be verified through genitalic dissection (see McGuffin 1977). I. Larvaria has a less elongated forewing shape and a broad dark band basal to black AM line which is faint or absent in pulmonaria. In Alberta, separataria is known only in the mountains from the Crowsnest Pass south, while larvaria is widespread. For genitalic differences, see McGuffin (1977). Adults of pampinaria have short male antennal pectinations (much longer in separataria) and a light contrasting band at the base of the abdomen that is absent in separataria." 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4312-Habitat 4312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane Douglas-fir forest. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4312-LifeCycle 4312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle McGuffin (1977) gives a brief description of the larva and pupa. 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4312-TrophicStrategy 4312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) (McGuffin 1977). 2/18/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4262-ConservationStatus 4262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common and widespread species; no concerns. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4262-Cyclicity 4262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta throughout August. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4262-Distribution 4262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western South Dakota and southwestern Manitoba west across southern Saskatchewan and Alberta to Vancouver Island, south to the Mexican border. There is also a disjunct population in Ohio. In Alberta trigona has been collected in the grassland valleys and foothills north to about Red Deer." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4262-GeneralDescription 4262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size Abagrotis (2.8-3.0 wingspan) with rather stubby red-brown forewings and dull black hindwings. The most prominent marking is the narrow dark bar-shaped reniform, in many specimens accompanied by a dark but less developed orbicular spot. The doubled antemedian and postmedian lines are usually indicated by a series of fine dots, and dark scales are peppered over the remainder of the wing. The fringe on both wings is red-brown. Males can also be separated from other Abagrotis sp. by the cylindrical apex of the valves, the sharp pointed apex of the uncus and the bead-like antennae. Females of trigona do not have the dorso-ventrally flattened abdomen found in females of other Alberta Abagrotis, and are also the only species lacking a signum on the bursa. See also the superficially similar Abagrotis cupida and A. placida." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4262-Habitat 4262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry shrub and wooded areas, in particular along the valleys in the arid grassland region of Alberta." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4262-LifeCycle 4262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Abagrotis trigona is single brooded, and adults are attracted to both sugar baits and light. The larva has been described by Crumb (1956)." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4262-TrophicStrategy 4262 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No Alberta data; elsewhere the only reported larval host is willow (Salix sp.) (Crumb, 1956)" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5441-ConservationStatus 5441 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Ceutorhynchus neglectus is common in the northwest part of its range but may be less common elsewhere. It can generally be found where its preferred host plant (flixweed: Descurainia sophia) is present. 6/22/05 9:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5441-Cyclicity 5441 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Probably one generation per year. Ceutorhynchus neglectus is common from June to August. 6/22/05 9:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5441-Distribution 5441 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs across North America from the Yukon to Oregon in the west, and from Quebec to Maryland in the east. It also occurs as far south as Colorado on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains (Anderson 1997)." 6/22/05 9:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5441-GeneralDescription 5441 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are small and round bodied (1-2 mm in length) with red-brown legs and dark bodies covered in white scales (Blatchley and Leng 1916). The proboscis is long and curved with small bent antennae at the proximal end. When disturbed, it displays the interesting behavior of folding its legs and proboscis against its body to make it look like a small dark pebble. Similar in appearance to its co-generic C. obstrictus it can be differentiated by its smaller size and dark body color." 6/22/05 9:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5441-Habitat 5441 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Agricultural area with disturbed areas: roadside ditches, weed fields, etc." 6/22/05 9:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5441-LifeCycle 5441 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Single small ovoid eggs are laid into distal ends of developing flixweed (Descurainia sp.) pods. Larvae feed within pods, consuming seeds and moving proximally. When mature larvae bore a hole in the pod, drop to the ground and encase themselves in soil to pupate. Adults emerge and feed on surrounding host plants to build up food reserves for overwintering (Dosdall et al. 1999)." 6/22/05 9:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5441-TrophicStrategy 5441 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on seeds within pods of flixweed (Descurainia sp.). Adults feed on pods and flowers of flixweed as well as northern march yellow cress (Rorippa islandica) and canola (Brassica napus, Brassica napa) (Dosdall et al. 1999)." 6/22/05 9:20 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5440-ConservationStatus 5440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not a concern. Ceutorhynchus obstrictus is common and considered a serious pest throughout most of its range. 6/22/05 9:16 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5440-Cyclicity 5440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity One generation per year. Ceutorhynchus obstrictus is common from late May to late August. 6/22/05 9:16 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5440-Distribution 5440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Native to Europe, it can be found from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean and England to Russia and is common anywhere oilseed is being produced (Hill 1987). In North America it is thought to occur all across the U.S. as well as into southern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario and Quebec (Laffin et al. 2005)." 6/22/05 9:16 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5440-GeneralDescription 5440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults have round grey bodies (2-4 mm in length) and grey legs covered with fine white scales. Ceutorhynchus obstrictus has a long curved proboscis with small bent antennae. When disturbed, it displays the interesting behavior of folding its legs and proboscis against its body to make it look like a small grey pebble. Similar in appearance to its co-generic C. neglectus it can be differentiated by its bigger size and grey body color." 6/22/05 9:16 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5440-Habitat 5440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Agricultural areas where oilseed is produced, roadside ditches, disturbed weedy areas." 6/22/05 9:16 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5440-LifeCycle 5440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Single spheroid eggs are deposited into immature crucifer (Brassica sp.) pods. Larvae undergo three larval instars within the pods and feed on developing seeds. Mature larvae bore out the side of the pod and burrow into the soil. Adults emerge 10-14 days after pupation begins. Adults feed for the remainder of the season on pods and flowers storing fats for overwintering (Dmoch 1965). 6/22/05 9:16 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5440-TrophicStrategy 5440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on seeds within pods of large crucifers (Brassica sp.). Adults feed on flowers, pods, or young cotyledons of crucifers (Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, Descurainia sophia, Lepidium draba, Sinapis alba, Thlaspi arvense), especially canola or oilseed crops (Fox and Dosdall 2003)." 6/22/05 9:16 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5958-Cyclicity 5958 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Most collected in spring/early summer, some as late as September in Edmonton (Townes & Townes 1978)." 1/5/07 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5958-Distribution 5958 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This subspecies occurs in the north-eastern United States (New Jersey to Minnesota), from Atlantic Canada to eastern British Columbia, and north to southern Alaska (Townes & Townes 1978)." 1/5/07 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5958-GeneralDescription 5958 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Antennae black with a central yellowish-white band (approximately flagellar segments 10-16). Head black. Thorax mostly black, but with mesoscutum and collar mostly reddish-brown and scutellum yellow. All coxae black. Otherwise, front and middle legs entirely reddish-brown. Hind legs with femur, tibia and first tarsal segment dark brown to black, tarsi 2-4 white and tarsus 5 light brown. Gaster with basal three segments reddish-brown, remainder black.\nThis subspecies can generally be distinguished from all other Exetastes albitarsis subspecies by the pale band in the antennae." 1/5/07 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5958-Habitat 5958 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Clearings in damp woods (Townes & Townes 1978). 1/5/07 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5958-LifeCycle 5958 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Specific information not known. See Exetastes genus page for general life history. 1/5/07 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5958-TrophicStrategy 5958 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No host records. Host is probably Lepidoptera: Noctuidae. 1/5/07 8:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5960-Cyclicity 5960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult specimen collections from mid-June to mid-September (Townes & Townes 1978). 1/5/07 8:53 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5960-Distribution 5960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This subspecies has been collected from southern BC to the Atlantic Coast and south to Illinois (Townes & Townes 1978). 1/5/07 8:53 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5960-GeneralDescription 5960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body almost entirely black, except gaster segments 2 and 3 very dark reddish-brown. Legs reddish-brown, with coxae and trochanters black. Hind legs with apical half of tibia and first tarsal segment dark brown. \nExetastes fornicator consists of a chain of subspecies extending across North America, with many intermediate specimens between recognizable subspecies (Townes & Townes 1978). This subspecies can be distinguished from E. f. niger by the lighter coloured hind tibia (approximately half brownish in E. f. exploratus compared to mostly dark brown in E. f. niger)." 1/5/07 8:53 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5960-Habitat 5960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No habitat associations other than general habitat of genus (see Exetastes genus page). 1/5/07 8:53 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5960-LifeCycle 5960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Specific information not known. See Exetastes genus page for general life history. 1/5/07 8:53 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5960-TrophicStrategy 5960 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No host records. Host is probably Lepidoptera: Noctuidae. 1/5/07 8:53 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5961-Cyclicity 5961 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Specimens have been collected from April to July, with most being from May (Townes & Townes 1978)." 1/5/07 9:04 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5961-Distribution 5961 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This subspecies has been collected from southern British Columbia and Alberta to central California and Colorado (Townes & Townes 1978). 1/5/07 9:04 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5961-GeneralDescription 5961 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head and antennae black. Thorax almost entirely black, except for reddish-brown mesoscutum and pronotal collar,and yellowish scutellum. Front and middle legs entirely reddish-brown. Hind legs with femur and most of tibia reddish-brown, apex of tibia and first tarsal segment dark-brown to black, tarsi 2-4 white and tarsus 5 light brown. Gaster entirely reddish-brown. \nThis subspecies is distinguishable from E. a. albitarsis by the lack of a white band in the antennae. It is distinguishable from the remaining two subspecies (E. a. concavus and E. a. arizonicus) by the reddish mesoscutum and and mid- and hind-coxae at least partly reddish (Townes & Townes 1978)." 1/5/07 9:04 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5961-Habitat 5961 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No habitat associations other than general habitat of genus (see Exetastes genus page). 1/5/07 9:04 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5961-LifeCycle 5961 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Specific information not known. See Exetastes genus page for general life history. 1/5/07 9:04 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5961-TrophicStrategy 5961 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No host records. Host is probably Lepidoptera: Noctuidae. 1/5/07 9:04 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5962-Cyclicity 5962 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens have been collected from late June to mid-September (Townes & Townes 1978). 1/5/07 10:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5962-Distribution 5962 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This subspecies has been collected from southern BC east to Minnesota and south to New Mexico (Townes & Townes 1978). 1/5/07 10:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5962-GeneralDescription 5962 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body and antennae entirely black. Legs reddish with coxae and trochanters black. Tibia and first tarsal segment of hind legs mostly dark brown. \nExestastes fornicator consists of a chain of subspecies extending across North America, with many intermediate specimens between recognizable subspecies (Townes & Townes 1978). This subspecies can be distinguished from E. f. exploratus by the darker coloured hind tibia (approximately half brownish in E. f. exploratus compared to mostly dark brown in E. f. niger)." 1/5/07 10:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5962-Habitat 5962 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No habitat associations other than general habitat of genus (see Exetastes genus page). 1/5/07 10:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5962-LifeCycle 5962 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "One adult specimen recorded from the goldenrod flowers (Solidago sparsiflora) (Townes & Townes 1978). Otherwise, information for this subspecies is not known. See Exetastes genus page for general life history." 1/5/07 10:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5962-TrophicStrategy 5962 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No host records. Host is probably Lepidoptera: Noctuidae. 1/5/07 10:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4302-ConservationStatus 4302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4302-Cyclicity 4302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flies from mid May to mid July, most common in the latter half of June." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4302-Distribution 4302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout most of North America, from the Yukon, NWT and central BC east to Nova Scotia, south to MD, NE and NM (McGuffin 1987, Wagner et al. 2001)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4302-GeneralDescription 4302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wings two-toned grey with two straight, yellow-tan transverse lines on the forewing. Median area between AM and PM lines darker grey. Black forewing discal spot small or absent. \nSimilar to M. inatomaria, which lacks the darker contrasting band between the two transverse lines and has yellow scales within the dark discal spot (determinata has an all-black discal spot).\n" 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4302-Habitat 4302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forests and woodlands. 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4302-LifeCycle 4302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The mottled brown-grey and slightly flattened larva blends in well with tree bark. The pupa overwinters (Wagner et al 2001). Adults fly up when disturbed during the day, and also come to light at night." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4302-TrophicStrategy 4302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on willows (Salix spp.) (Prentice 1963). 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4303-ConservationStatus 4303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4303-Cyclicity 4303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late April to early July, most common from mid May to mid June." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4303-Distribution 4303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern BC east to Nova Scotia, south to GA, CO, and WA (McGuffin 1987)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4303-GeneralDescription 4303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Quite variable in the extent and colouration of wing markings. Reddish brown to brown-grey ground colour with dark AM and PM lines, PM line often bordered proximally with reddish brown. Discal spots black and prominent. Forewing apex often slightly falcate. Very similar to M. warnerae, but overall colour has reddish-brown overtones and patches, while warnerae is entirely brownish-grey. M. warnerae has a smoother, straighter PM line than M. duaria. McGuffin (1987) also states that the presence of dark shading on the inside of the PM line distinguishes warnerae from duaria, but this trait is found in both species in Alberta." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4303-Habitat 4303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forests and woodlands. 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4303-LifeCycle 4303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is often common in deciduous forest and shrubland, from prairie riparian forest to the central boreal region. The larvae are stout and mottled brown (Wagner et al. 2001), reminiscent of a cutworm (Noctuidae) rather than the typical geometrid body-plan of mimicking twigs. Wagner et al (2001) note that mature larvae are virtually never collected from trees or shrubs; Prentice (1963) notes a similar situation. Larvae may feed only at night and rest on tree boles or on the ground during the day (Wagner et al. 2001). McGuffin (1987) notes that eggs are laid without adhering to any substrate, and these would undoubtedly end up on forest floor. This species may spend most of its time among leaf litter rather than depending on crypsis on host branches like many geometrids." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4303-TrophicStrategy 4303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Rosaceous shrubs including Prunus, Rosa, Crataegus, Amelanchier, and Holodiscus; also Betula and Populus (McGuffin 1987)." 2/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4219-ConservationStatus 4219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4219-Cyclicity 4219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge from June to July (Strickland 1953). 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4219-Distribution 4219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Recorded from central to southern Alberta (Strickalnd 1953). Occurs from Alberta east to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, south through Minnesota, Vermont, New Hampshire, Mississippi, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa to North Carolina and Tennessee. In the west, ranges south through Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, Wyoming, Utah, Washington, Oregon to California (Simons 1954, Maw et al. 2000, Brown & Brown 1990)." 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4219-GeneralDescription 4219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A moderate-sized, predominantly black cicada with yellowish-orange markings. The relatively narrow forewings (width:length 0.29 - 0.31) will segregate rimosa from O. bella and O. occidentalis. Very similar to O. canadensis; to reliably separate specimens of rimosa from canadensis the structure of the tymbal must be examined, which has 7 to 8 (rarely 9) ribs in rimosa and 10 to 11 ribs in canadensis (Alexander et al. 1972). In Michigan, rimosa is marked with a brighter orange compared to the tan markings of canadensis, but it is not clear if this trait holds up for Alberta populations since museum material is limited. There are likely habitat and song differences as well, but this data is also lacking for Alberta populations." 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4219-Habitat 4219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry deciduous and mixedwood forest. 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4219-LifeCycle 4219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Duration of immature stages unknown, but undoubtedly several years as in other species of the genus. Males perch in various types of vegetation to sing, often among trees greater than three metres above ground. Males emit an alarm sound when handled or harassed (Cooley 2001). Females can acoustically locate calling males during flight, and approach males by walking or shorter flights once visual contact has been made (Stölting et al. 2002). Parasitoid flies are known to exploit the singing behaviour of males to locate potential host cicadas on which to deposit larvae (Lakes et al. 2000, Koehler & Lakes 2001). A song portion of O. rimosa in Michigan can be found at:\n http://insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/fauna/Michigan_Cicadas/Michigan/Index.html" 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4219-TrophicStrategy 4219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Adults feed on plant fluids including those of maple (Acer sp.) (Cooley 2001). Adults are associated with aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands in Ontario (Davis 1930). 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2799-ConservationStatus 2799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2799-Cyclicity 2799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly flight, peaking from late May to early July depending on elevation." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2799-Distribution 2799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Circumpolar, the North American range extending from Alaska across the Arctic Archipelago to Newfoundland and south to Washington, Montana and the northwest Great Lakes region. Dusjunct populations in the southern Rockies (Scott 1986)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2799-GeneralDescription 2799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small Boloria (Wingspan 28 - 38 mm), recognizable by the median row of whitish, arrowhead-shaped marks on the hindwing underside. Remarkably, our populations are apparently not distinguishable from those of the nominate populations in Scandinvia, and are subspecies freija." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2799-Habitat 2799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forest clearings. 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2799-LifeCycle 2799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages of North American populations have not been fully described. The half-grown larva is dark brown with pale patches and many spines (Scott 1986). Eggs hatch in about 12 days (Bird et al. 1995).\nThis is the first Boloria to appear in the spring, flying together with other early spring species such as Spring Azures, elfins and post-hibernation nymphalids." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2799-TrophicStrategy 2799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Females lay eggs on Bearberry (Arctostaphylus uva-ursi) in Alberta (Scott 1986). Larvae feed on Vaccinium caespitosum in Washington (Shepard in Howe 1975), and females also oviposit on this plant in Manitoba (Klassen et al. 1989)." 3/21/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4448-ConservationStatus 4448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4448-Cyclicity 4448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in late August and September in Alberta. 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4448-Distribution 4448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northeastern Alberta east to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, south through New England." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4448-GeneralDescription 4448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wings grey-white heavily dusted with dark grey, median area slightly darker and bordered with scalloped, prominent AM and PM lines. Discal spots large. Slightly darker and smaller than the similar Cingilia caternaria. N. freemani is very similar, but lacks the yellow scales at the top of the head of canosaria; the ranges of the two do not overlap, with freemani strictly a foothills/mountain species in Alberta." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4448-Habitat 4448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous boreal forest. 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4448-LifeCycle 4448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The caterpillar is boldly striped with green and yellow, a pattern helping it to blend in to the needles of its coniferous hosts. Pupates in a flimsy cocoon among host foliage. Adults are both diurnal and nocturnal (McGuffin 1987)." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4448-TrophicStrategy 4448 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on conifers, particularly balsam fir (Abies balsamaea) and white spruce (Picea glauca)." 4/5/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4463-ConservationStatus 4463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4463-Cyclicity 4463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge in autumn and fly from August to October (McGuffin 1987 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4463-Distribution 4463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern BC and extreme southwestern Alberta south to WA, ID, MT and UT (McGuffin 1987, Duncan 2003)." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4463-GeneralDescription 4463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wings grey-white, heavily dusted with dark grey, median area slightly darker and bordered with scalloped, prominent AM and PM lines. Discal spots large. Slightly darker and smaller than Cingilia caternaria. \nN. freemani lacks the yellow scales at the top of the head of N. canosaria; the ranges of the two do not overlap, with freemani strictly a foothills/mountain species in Alberta.\n" 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4463-Habitat 4463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane coniferous forest. 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4463-LifeCycle 4463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are tan and rust coloured, with cream lateral stripes; they are occasionally abundant enough to cause visible defoliation of conifers in BC (Duncan 2003). Eggs are laid singly or in small groups on the host needles, where they overwinter. Larvae are illustrated in Ives & Wong (1988) and Duncan (2003), and all immature stages are illustrated by Klein and Minnoch (1971). Adults are nocturnal." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4463-TrophicStrategy 4463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The principal larval host is Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), rarely other conifers (McGuffin 1987)." 4/7/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2629-ConservationStatus 2629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No obvious concerns. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2629-Cyclicity 2629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "One yearly brood, flying from late June to early September, depending on elevation and habitat." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2629-Distribution 2629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska south to California and Colorado, east across the boreal plain to Newfoundland and Labrador (Opler 1999, Layberry et al. 1998)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2629-GeneralDescription 2629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This blue has a complete row of orange spots on the hindwing underside, extending onto the forewing (although sometimes faint here). Other species with a full row of hindwing orange spots (Icaricia acmon, I. shasta, Euphilotes ancilla) never have the orange spots extending onto the forewing. This species can be confused with the Melissa Blue (L. melissa) where the ranges overlap in the southern foothills. Idas has narrower orange spots, capped with a black crescent. In Melissa, the orange spots are wider and the black crescents capping the orange spots are flatter, resulting in a more banded appearance. The upperside of idas females can vary from solid brown to mostly purple-blue, and the extent of orange spots varies from none to well-developed. Melissa females always have a solid band of orange, while the strongest-marked Northern females have a row of orange crescents rather than a solid band. It is best to appreciate these differences by looking at more than one individual; uncertain specimens must be dissected for positive identification (see Guppy & Shepard 2001). The specimens illustrated in ""Alberta Butterflies"" (Bird et al. 1995) as melissa are actually idas.\nThis group of species has a very muddled taxonomic history in North America; there are likely several species involved under what has been referred to as ""idas"". In Alberta, southern Mountain populations are subspecies atrapraetextus, while subspecies scudderii supposedly inhabits the central/northern mountain and boreal region (Guppy & Shepard 2001). \nBalint and Johnson (1997) in their revision of polyomatine blues place Lycaeides as a subgenus within the larger genus Plebejus." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2629-Habitat 2629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mountain meadows and open pine woodlands. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2629-LifeCycle 2629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The early stages of the Northern Blue in North America are undescribed. In Wisconsin, larvae hatch in May after overwintering as an egg, and pass through 3 or 4 instars, pupating in mid June (Wolf 1993). Adult males often form large congregations at moist spots along mountain trails. In the boreal region, Northern Blues are found in jack pine sandhills, close to patches of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) on which the larvae feed (Wolf 1993, Nielsen 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2629-TrophicStrategy 2629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval foodplants are not known in western Canada. In Wisconsin and Michigan, caterpillars are dependent on dwarf bilberry (Vaccinium caespitosum) (Wolf 1993, Nielsen 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5874-ConservationStatus 5874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 5/29/06 8:51 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5874-Cyclicity 5874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June to August (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 8:51 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5874-Distribution 5874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Saskatchewan to New Brunswick (Bousquet, 1991)." 5/29/06 8:51 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5874-GeneralDescription 5874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Moderate to large sized (17-27 mm) cerambycid with dark elytra with strong indentations. Hairs are white with bands running laterally on pronotum (Yanega, 1996). Antennae extending more than 5 segments past the elytra. Legs with faint white hairs. Distinguished from other Monochamus species by apices of elytra toothed and rounded (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 8:51 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5874-Habitat 5874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forests. 5/29/06 8:51 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5874-LifeCycle 5874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Similar to other Monochamus species. Adults emerge in June and feed on coniferous foliage and bark. Larvae will emerge and feed for 1-2 months, causing oval shaped excavation tunnels. If the tree is young enough, larvae can tunnel right through the tree (Ives and Wong, 1988)." 5/29/06 8:51 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5874-TrophicStrategy 5874 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae will feed on the sapwood and heartwood of numerous conifers (Yanega, 1996)." 5/29/06 8:51 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5875-ConservationStatus 5875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Fairly common. 5/29/06 9:57 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5875-Cyclicity 5875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "May to September (Yanega, 1996)." 5/29/06 9:57 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5875-Distribution 5875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to Prince Edward Island (Bousquet, 1991)." 5/29/06 9:57 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5875-GeneralDescription 5875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to Monochamus scutellatus, but are gray, white, and black in color (Ives and Wong, 1988). ""Body 25-35 mm long and black with pronotum more shiny than other species. Elytra usually gray in males while varied in females. Head is broadest below the eyes"" (Yanega, 1996). Linsley and Chemsak (1984) report that the antennae extend 6 segments past elytra, legs with white hair and face large and flattened." 5/29/06 9:57 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5875-Habitat 5875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dead and dying coniferous trees. 5/29/06 9:57 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5875-LifeCycle 5875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle usually requires 2 years to complete. Adults emerge around May to June. They will then feed on coniferous foliage and bark until mating occurs. Females will deposit eggs into slits they have chewed into the bark. The larvae will emerge in around 2 weeks and begin feeding. The larvae will overwinter and then make their back to the surface, creating a u-shaped excavation tunnel. They will then pupate near the surface and adults will emerge next spring (Ives and Wong, 1988)." 5/29/06 9:57 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5875-TrophicStrategy 5875 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae will feed in the phloem consuming the sapwood and heartwood of various conifers, especially pine (Yanega, 1996)." 5/29/06 9:57 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5876-ConservationStatus 5876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 5/29/06 10:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5876-Cyclicity 5876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are active from June till August (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 10:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5876-Distribution 5876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occur in British Columbia, Idaho, Washington and California (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 10:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5876-GeneralDescription 5876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "14-24 mm, integument reddish brown, abdomen black, hairs gray or brown. Antennae extending 5 segments past elytra in males and 3 segments past in females. Small round lateral projections on pronotum. Scutellum v-shaped with white hairs on sides. The subspecies Monochamus o. obtusus is distinguished by darker integument and hairs with reduced gray hairs. Monochamus o. fulvomaculatus has light brown integument with numerous gray hairs (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 10:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5876-Habitat 5876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Pine woodlands. 5/29/06 10:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5876-LifeCycle 5876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "As in other Monochamus species adults will feed for a short period, mate, and the female will lay eggs in irregular shaped holes in coniferous trees. Larvae will emerge and begin feeding on the wood under the bark causing oval shaped tunnels. No information on the duration of the lifecycle is mentioned, but since they only occur in warmer areas one could assume it is the 1 year cycle." 5/29/06 10:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5876-TrophicStrategy 5876 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae and adults have been known to feed on dead and dying pine, true firs, and Douglas fir (Linsley and Chemsak, 1997)." 5/29/06 10:02 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5963-Cyclicity 5963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Most adults collected mid-June to mid-July, some late May in California (Townes & Townes 1978)." 1/5/07 10:45 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5963-Distribution 5963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental in Canada and northern U. S;also collected in California, Utah, South Dakota (Townes & Townes 1978)." 1/5/07 10:45 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5963-GeneralDescription 5963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Female: Head and thorax black. Antennae brown, darker at base. Coxae black. Front and middle legs brownish, with tibiae and tarsi slightly lighter than femora. Hind legs with femur black, tibia mostly dark brown, tarsi paler. Gaster with first segment (waist) black basally and reddish-brown apically; second, third and fourth segments reddish-brown; remainder of gaster black. \nMale: Similar to female, but with face (below antennae), mandibles, underside of coxae and underside of front and middle legs yellow. Gaster with apical half of first segment and all of segments 2-5 reddish-brown, remainder black." 1/5/07 10:45 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5963-Habitat 5963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No habitat associations other than general habitat of genus (see Exetastes genus page). 1/5/07 10:45 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5963-LifeCycle 5963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Specific information not known. See Exetastes genus page for general life history. 1/5/07 10:45 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5963-TrophicStrategy 5963 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No host records. Host is probably Lepidoptera: Noctuidae. 1/5/07 10:45 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5964-Cyclicity 5964 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Most specimens have been collected from late spring to fall (Townes & Townes 1978). 1/5/07 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5964-Distribution 5964 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. North American specimens have been collected from the western half of North America, as well as from Michigan and New York." 1/5/07 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5964-GeneralDescription 5964 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head, thorax and antennae black. Scutellum white in males, reddish in females. Legs and gaster entirely reddish-brown in females. Males are similar except the hind legs have the apical half of the tibia and the basal two tarsal segments dark brown to black, while tarsal segments 3 and 4 are white." 1/5/07 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5964-Habitat 5964 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry habitats, in weedy waste areas (Townes & Townes 1978)." 1/5/07 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5964-LifeCycle 5964 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The small number of mid-summer collections (compared to spring/fall collections indicates this species may have two generations per year (Townes & Townes 1978). Specimens have been collected from flowers of wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), phacelia (Phacelia sp. ), rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus speciosus) and Russian thistle (Salsola pestifer) (Townes & Townes 1978), as well as from alfalfa (Medicago sativa). See Exetastes genus page for general life history." 1/5/07 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5964-TrophicStrategy 5964 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No host records. Host is probably Lepidoptera: Noctuidae. 1/5/07 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5965-ConservationStatus 5965 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not apparently threatened. 1/5/07 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5965-Cyclicity 5965 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity March to October. Most frequently collected July to August. 1/5/07 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5965-Distribution 5965 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Records from Alaska to Kansas, Newfoundland to B.C." 1/5/07 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5965-GeneralDescription 5965 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Dorsum black, body short and narrow (Fall 1922). Dorsal surface dull from scale like microreticulation (net-like pattern visible at 40x magnification) (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Dorsum of abdominal segments 4-7 black, 8th abdominal segment, thorax, and legs reddish orange (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Underside of mid-thoracic segment (mesosternum) with a medial groove running anterior-posteriorly (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Triangular plate (scutellum) between hardened fore-wings (elytra) with a raised ridge running anterior-posteriorally. Gender can be determined by the presence of an expansion of footpads (pro-tarsi) on the front legs of males. Size: male length 3.3-4.9 mm and width 1.7-2.0 mm. Female length 3.7-4.4mm and width 2.0-2.3 mm." 1/5/07 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5965-Habitat 5965 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Surface of most lentic and lotic waters. Prefer edges of water bodies (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). 1/5/07 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5965-LifeCycle 5965 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Has been collected in schools of mixed species also containing G. maculiventris, G. pectoralis, and G. picipes (Fall 1922). Gyrinus minutus does not produce toxic, volatile chemicals at the same intensity of may other Gyrinus sp. (Ivarsson et al 1996). This may be reflective of G. minutus apparently favoring smaller bodies of water less likely to support predatory fish (Ivarsson et al 1996). These chemicals may function instead in chemical communicatioin (Ivarsson et al 1996)." 1/5/07 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5966-ConservationStatus 5966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not apparently threatened 1/5/07 11:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5966-Cyclicity 5966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity March to December. Most commonly collected May to August. 1/5/07 11:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5966-Distribution 5966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to coast of British Columbia, Northwest Territories to New Jersey." 1/5/07 11:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5966-GeneralDescription 5966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Dorsum black, body long and broad, 11th (most lateral) row of punctures (stria) on hardened fore-wings (elytra) close to the margin in the apical third (posterior), uniform net-like pattern (microreticulations) and sparse, uniformly spaced circular pits (micropuncturation) on elytra (visible at 50X magnification) (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Elytra very shinny, sides of elytra bronzed, rows of punctures (different from micropunctures visible under low power called elytral stria) more deeply impressed laterally than medially (Fall 1922). Dorsum of abdominal segments 4-7 uniformly black, legs uniformly red (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Most closely resembles Gyrinus picipes and G. dubius. Examination of male genitailia (aedeagus) may be necessary for a definitive identification. Male genitalia (aedeagus) medially ridged, tapering moderately towards apex, margin moderately sinuate. Gyrinus sayi can be separated from G. picipes by the presence of uniform microreticulation which is absent or non-uniform in G. picipes (Oygur and Wolfe 1991). Females of G. sayi have more distinct microreticulations than males, whereas females of G. picipes have the same microreticulations as males. Male length 5.5-6.4 mm and width 2.8-3.2 mm; female length 5.8-6.6 mm and width 3.2-3.6 mm." 1/5/07 11:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5966-Habitat 5966 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat More prevalent in lentic waters but commonly found on lotic waters in high numbers. 1/5/07 11:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4220-ConservationStatus 4220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Status unknown. A rare species, known to occur only in Alberta within Canada (Maw et al. 2000)." 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4220-Cyclicity 4220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults emerge in May according to Strickland (1953) and July in MT (Davis 1919). 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4220-Distribution 4220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Recorded from Lethbridge, Alberta south through Montana, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, to New Mexico and Texas (Strickland 1954, Davis 1919)." 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4220-GeneralDescription 4220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "According to Davis (1919), O. synodica is easily recognized by its small size (wingspan about 47mm), narrow body, small head and yellow markings. Body length 21 - 24mm, wing venation pale (Beirne 1961)." 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4220-Habitat 4220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No information available; possibly a grassland species. 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4220-LifeCycle 4220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Male song a continuous, although sometimes short, note (Davis 1921). No other data available." 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4220-TrophicStrategy 4220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Beirne (1961) suggests this species may be a grass feeder. 1/22/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5331-ConservationStatus 5331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No concerns 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5331-Cyclicity 5331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in Alberta in late May and June. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5331-Distribution 5331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western grasslands species, occurring north to southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta. In Alberta it occurs in the arid grasslands and badlands areas, north to the sandhills east of Edgerton." 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5331-GeneralDescription 5331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small and relatively long-winged noctuid. It can be separated from other similar Alberta Lacinipolia species by its spring flight period, its predominantly yellowish-brown coloration, and the diagnostic but sometimes faint pale streak across the lower forewing. The reniform and orbicular are usually ringed with paler scales, and the later is usually oblong rather than round. The forewing fringe is partially checkered with pale scales at the veins. The hindwings are light grey-brown. The male gentalia have a large, long curved clasper, in Alberta species found only in longiclava and L. anguina. Like anguina, longiclava flies in the spring. Longiclava can be separated from anguina by the predominantly brown tones (grey in anguina), the pale longitudinal dash across the lower forewing, and by the more prominent checkering on the forewing fringe." 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5331-Habitat 5331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands and badlands; grassy dunes. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5331-LifeCycle 5331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light, and there is a single spring-flying brood annually." 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5331-TrophicStrategy 5331 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy unknown 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5332-ConservationStatus 5332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The only Canadian records are from two sites in southern Alberta. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5332-Cyclicity 5332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta during the first week of June. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5332-Distribution 5332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Colorado north to southeastern Alberta. In Alberta it has been found along the Red Deer River north of Jenner and the South Saskatchewan River south of Empress. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5332-GeneralDescription 5332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.7-2.8 cm wingspan) long-winged dull mottled grey moth. There is a short black basal dash mixed with bright orange-brown scales. The antemedian and postmedian lines are incomplete and marked with black scales, especially the lower half. The areas basad to the lower antemedian line and distad to the lower postmedian line are bordered with white scales, the latter forming a large diffuse oval patch.in well-marked specimens. The claviform spot is a black wedge, mixed with or bordered by orange-brown scales. The orbicular and reniform spots are filled with light grey, partially or completely outlined with black scales, and in the reniform in particular usually with a dark pupil. It may also be partially lined with orange-brown. The forewing fringe is dark grey or black, lightly checkered with white scales at the veins. The hindwings are dull grey with a light fringe with scattered dark scales. The male antennae are prominently biserrate. Naevia occurs with Lacinipolia longiclava and L. anguina. L. longiclava is mostly a brown (not grey) moth. Naevia is most similar to L. anguina, which is a smoother grey moth (naevia is quite powdery looking in comparison) and lacks the orange-brown scaling along the basal dash and claviform spot. L. anguina male genitalia have a long prominent sacular extension that can be seen without disection, and is completely lacking in naevia." 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5332-Habitat 5332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry valley bottom floodplain with sage grassland and riparian shrub. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5332-LifeCycle 5332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5332-TrophicStrategy 5332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Apparently unknown. 2/11/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2630-ConservationStatus 2630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No immediate threats. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2630-Cyclicity 2630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "At least two broods annually, the flight peaking in June and again in August." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2630-Distribution 2630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Occurs from southern BC south to northern Mexico, east through the Great Plains. There are isolated populations (the endangered Karner Blue, L. melissa samuelis) in the northeastern US and extreme southeastern Ontario (Layberry et al. 1998, Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2630-GeneralDescription 2630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This blue has a complete row of orange spots on the hindwing underside, extending onto the forewing (although sometimes faint here). In prairie habitats, could be confused with Icaricia acmon, I. shasta, or Euphilotes ancilla, which also have hindwing orange spots. In Melissa, however, the orange spots extend onto the forewing. In the southern foothills region, this species can also be confused with the Northern Blue (L. idas). In Melissa, the orange spots are wider and the black crescents capping the orange spots are flatter, resulting in a more banded appearance. Melissa females always have a solid band of orange on the upperside, while the strongest-marked idas females have a row of orange crescents rather than a solid band. It is best to appreciate these differences by looking at more than one individual; uncertain specimens must be dissected for positive identification (see Guppy & Shepard 2001). The specimens illustrated in ""Alberta Butterflies"" (Bird et al. 1995) as Melissa are misidentified Northern Blues (L. idas).\nBalint and Johnson (1997) in their revision of polyomatine blues place Lycaeides as a subgenus within the larger genus Plebejus." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2630-Habitat 2630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native prairie grasslands. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2630-LifeCycle 2630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No data avaialbale for Alberta. In the US, the eggs overwinter, and are pale green when first laid, turning white. The larva is green to white-green with a pale lateral line, and pupae are yellow-green (Scott 1986). Larvae are tended by ants (Scott 1986)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2630-TrophicStrategy 2630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae reportedly feed on a variety of legumes including lupines (Lupinus spp.), astragalus (Astragalus spp.), and wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota). There are no published foodplant records for western Canada." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2631-ConservationStatus 2631 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status May be sensitive to loss of prairie wetlands. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2631-Cyclicity 2631 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight activity occurs from early to late July; one brood annually. 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2631-Distribution 2631 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern Idaho east across extreme southern Canada, south to Colorado and New England (Opler 1999)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2631-GeneralDescription 2631 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The combination of a dotted, tan-grey underside with orange and blue marginal markings, and the presence of a hindwing tail, is unique to this species and the Sylvan Hairstreak (S. sylvinum) in Alberta. The Acadian has more orange on the hindwing underside, and the large blue spot at the outer angle is capped with orange (uncapped in sylvinum). In Alberta, the Acadian is found in the prairie region, while the Sylvan is restricted to the southwest mountain region; the mountain records of acadicum in Bird et al. (1995) are referable to sylvinum (Kondla 2001)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2631-Habitat 2631 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found near prairie wetlands and streams, wherever willows grow." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2631-LifeCycle 2631 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are laid on willows, and overwinter. The larvae are green with two yellow stripes and oblique white bands. Pupae are yellowish-brown with dark markings (Bird et al. 1995). The swift-flying adults perch on prominent vegetation (Bird et al. 1995)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2631-TrophicStrategy 2631 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are feed on black willow (Salix nigra) and sandbar willow (Salix exigua) in Michigan (Nielsen 1999), the latter of which also occurs in Alberta. Adults are avid flower visitors, including buckbrush (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) in Alberta (Bird et al. 1995)." 2/4/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5127-Distribution 5127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Canada from eastern Ontario west to central Alberta; south to\nMI, IL, MO and FL." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5127-GeneralDescription 5127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3 cm wingspan) moth with a strong pattern. The forewings are light grey with a slight pink or blue tinge. There is a wide darker median band containing a narrow black band. The median band is bordered by doubled antemedian and postmedian lines, and contains the reniform, orbicular and claviforn spots, all outlined in black and the orbicular with a large black pupil. The pale subterminal area has a series of black arrowhead shaped dashes and a dark terminal band and fringe. The hindwings are brownish grey with a faint antemedian and median line, shading into a broad dark terminal band with a light grey fringe. The color and pattern combination is unique for Alberta moths." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5127-Habitat 5127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It frequents dry prairie meadows with Penstemon. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5127-LifeCycle 5127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood with mature larvae in early summer and adults in late summer; the Alberta specimens were collected August 22 and September 9. The only known larval host is Penstemon sp., including both P. hirsuta & P.digitalis (LepSoc). The larvae have been reared and described by Wagner et al as follows: “Interestingly the larva is able to take on the color of the Penstemon flowers on which it feeds. The match is so close as to suggest the caterpillar is able to transport the flower pigments from its gut to the extremity of its body, although we know of no physiological mechanism that would allow this to be so. The larva tunnels underground to pupate and stays in its cell through the summer. The adults fly in late August and September, and presumably oviposit on the largely senescent plants--the egg overwinters…” (Wagner et al, unpub.)." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6190-Distribution 6190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Unlike most Oncocnemis, viriditincta has a northern prairie distribution, occurring in Canada from Ontario west to southern central Alberta, south in the USA to at least Illinois and Nebraska." 2/13/08 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6190-GeneralDescription 6190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (approx 3 cm wingspan) dark olive grey-green, almost black. The forewings have a series of small white marking along the costa and also forming an indistinct subterminal line. The most prominent markings include the white outlined claviform and reniform spots, and in particular the round pure white orbicular spot. The hindwings are lighter olive-brown with a dark discal mark, narrow dark median line, and broad dark terminal band followed by a white fringe." 2/13/08 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6190-Habitat 6190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta it has been collected in dry native prairie on well-drained soils in the parklands region west to the foothills. 2/13/08 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6190-LifeCycle 6190 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, and have also been collected at bait (“treacle”) according to the label data on the Wolley-Dod specimen from the Calgary area. There is a single annual brood, with Alberta adults in late August. The larvae are apparently undescribed and the larval hostplant(s) unknown. The 3 recent Alberta specimens were all collected by C. D. Bird, on August 22 and 30, 2001." 2/13/08 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6202-ConservationStatus 6202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "There is a single recent (2006) specimen record from Waterton Lakes National Park in May. Valenti et al (op. cit) determined that populations on manzanita in northern California were maintained at very low levels by the combined efforts of pathogens and predators, which together reduced the population by about 99%." 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6202-Cyclicity 6202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In May. 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6202-Distribution 6202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Western; from southern BC and extreme southwestern AB south to CA. 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6202-GeneralDescription 6202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large (3.5-4.3 cm wingspan) tan, yellow-brown to orange geometrid with angular wings with falcate tips. Markings are confined to a small dark discal dot on each forewing, a narrow antemedian line crossing the forewing only and a postmedian line crossing both the fore- and hindwings. These lines are pale yellow in males, grey in females. Similar to S. juberaria, which has brown not grey cross-lines. S. pallulata has much wider dark cross-lines, usually bordered distally with white. S. cervinaria is the only spring-summer flying Synaxis in Canada; the others all fly in fall." 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6202-Habitat 6202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in wooded areas. 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6202-LifeCycle 6202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal, come to light and fly in spring and summer. Larvae are twig mimics and range in color from green-brown to red-orange. The larva is described by McGuffin (op. cit.) and is illustrated in color by Miller and Hammond (op. cit)." 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6202-TrophicStrategy 6202 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported larval hosts include a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, including Ceanothus, willow, cascara, oak, poplar, cherry, manzanita and arbutus (McGuffin, 1987; Miller and Hammond, 2003; Valenti et al, 1998.)." 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6203-Distribution 6203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska panhandle and the Queen Charlotte Islands south to California, east to extreme southwestern AB." 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6203-GeneralDescription 6203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium-size (3.0 – 3.7 cm wingspan) moths with moderately pointed forewings. Mildly sexually dimorphic, with males brown and females red-brown or pink. Forewings pale brown (males) or pink (females), crossed by a narrow slightly curved darker median band. The antemedian and postmedian lines and to a lesser degree the terminal line marked by a series of dark dots or spots where they cross the veins. Hindwings paler, almost white, with a dark discal dot and the postmedian line marked by a series of dots at the veins. Both wings lightly dusted with darker scales." 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6203-Habitat 6203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Frequents mesic coniferous forests. 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6203-LifeCycle 6203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. In BC two broods, likely only one in AB. Larvae are innocuous solitary defoliators. They are described by McGuffin (op cit.), and illustrated in color by Duncan (2006). They overwinter as pupae buried in the soil (Duncan, op. cit.)." 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6203-TrophicStrategy 6203 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The primary larval host in Canada is western hemlock (Tsuga), but it also feeds on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga), Red cedar (Thuja) and firs (Abies), with fewer records from willow (Salix) and alder (Alnus) and other conifers (Prentice, 1963; McGuffin, 1987)." 2/13/08 14:59 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6323-Distribution 6323 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread, but the precise range is difficult to ascertain due to confusion of the two species. Amphipoea interoceanica occurs from Newfoundland west to BC, and south to North Carolina and Arizona. In Alberta it has been collected sparingly throughout the parklands and grasslands, west to Calgary." 3/19/08 14:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6323-GeneralDescription 6323 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.8-3.5 cm wingspan) moth with rusty-orange forewings and grey-brown hindwings with an orange-brown fringe. The forewings are covered with a network of narrow faint dark lines along the veins and marking the normal lines and spots. The claviform, orbicular and occasionally the reniform spot are filled with lighter yellow-orange, but in most instances the reniform is bright contrasting white. Almost identical to A. americana, but most interoceanica have a white reniform whereas in most Alberta americana it is yellow or orange. The pale filling of the reniform of interoceanica is confined to the outer two-thirds of the reniform, but is more extensive in americana. Many specimens require an examination of the genitalia for positive identification. Both sexes can usually be identified by brushing and do not require dissection. Males of interoceanica lack the long digitus on the valve found in americana. Females of interoceanic have a deep notch on the 7th sternite, absent in americana." 3/19/08 14:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6323-Habitat 6323 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It is found in and adjacent to wooded areas, meadows and grasslands." 3/19/08 14:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6323-LifeCycle 6323 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year, flying in late summer and early fall. The larvae feed on strawberry (Fragaria) and outbreaks on cultivated strawberries in Manitoba have been reported (Ayre, 1980). Eggs are laid on dead strawberry leaves in late summer and hatch in early May. The young larvae first feed on fruit stalks and leaf stems, sometimes clipping stems; later, they bore into the crown, killing the plant. The larval stage lasts from late May to mid-July. Outbreaks in Manitoba are sporadic but can be devastating." 3/19/08 14:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6322-Cyclicity 6322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity August - September; rarely as early as June (?). 3/19/08 14:23 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6322-Distribution 6322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "NS west across southern Canada to south-central BC; north to YT and south to GA and CA. It occurs throughout Alberta, from the arid grasslands north throughout the boreal forest." 3/19/08 14:23 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6322-GeneralDescription 6322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5 - 4.2 cm. ws) light powdery grey or grey-brown moth. The FW markings include a dark orbicular and reniform (often only the lower half), and a series of black dots marking the PM and terminal lines. HW and abdomen white. Antennae simple. Sexes similar. Easily mistaken for the smaller Euxoa catenula, and possibly other Euxoa sp. such as tronella and comosa, all of which have a very different type of male genitalia." 3/19/08 14:23 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6322-Habitat 6322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It frequents more xeric habitats, in particular sandy areas. Open areas, especially areas with light or sandy soils." 3/19/08 14:23 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6322-TrophicStrategy 6322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Many low plants, including apple, grapes beans, corn, cotton, lettuce, peach, tobacco, tomato, turnip and watermelon. A climbing cutworm." 3/19/08 14:23 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6324-Distribution 6324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread, but the precise range is difficult to ascertain due to the numerous frequent errors in identification. Bowman reported it from the foothills and mountains, but we have not seen specimens to confirm this." 3/19/08 14:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6324-GeneralDescription 6324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.8-3.5 cm wingspan) moth with rusty-orange forewings and grey-brown hindwings with an orange-brown fringe. The forewings are covered with a network of narrow faint dark lines along the veins and marking the normal lines and spots. The claviform, orbicular and occasionally the reniform spot are filled with lighter yellow-orange, but in a few instances the reniform is bright contrasting white. Almost identical to A. interoceanica, but most interoceanica have a white reniform whereas in most Alberta americana it is yellow or orange. The pale filling of the reniform of interoceanica, confined to the outer two-thirds of the reniform, is more extensive in americana. Specimens require an examination of the genitalia for positive identification. Both sexes can usually be examined without dissecting by brushing and looking for the long digitus on the valve of americana males, or the shape of the 7th sternite in females." 3/19/08 14:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6324-Habitat 6324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta it is collected commonly in the boreal forest and parklands region, as well as in wooded valleys in the grasslands." 3/19/08 14:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6324-LifeCycle 6324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year, flying in late summer and early fall. The larvae are borers in grasses and sedges, and in the USA americana has been reported as an occasional minor pest on young corn." 3/19/08 14:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6071-ConservationStatus 6071 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread moth; no concerns. 6/21/07 13:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6071-Cyclicity 6071 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early July through late August. 6/21/07 13:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6071-Distribution 6071 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Vancouver Island to Newfoundland, north to the Northwest Territories border and south to the Gulf coast. Found throughout the settled parts of Alberta, including the mountains." 6/21/07 13:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6071-GeneralDescription 6071 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.6-4.0 cm wingspan) dark purplish-brown moth with a contrasting pale yellow streak running from the wing base before fading out just beyond the prominent pale yellow reniform spot. A jet-black basal streak runs below the yellow streak and incorporates the black claviform spot. The area between the pale streak and the costa is filled with black scales before, between and just beyond the orbicular and reniform. The costa is only very slightly paler than the wing ground except in some worn specimens, and the terminal third of the wing smooth and without any pattern except for a few pale scales indicating a subterminal line. The hindwings are mostly sooty brown, somewhat lighter in the basal half in males and darker in females. The similar Feltia jaculifera is paler, more patterned and has a contrasting pale yellow or buff costa." 6/21/07 13:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6071-Habitat 6071 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open areas such as croplands, grasslands, roadsides and meadows." 6/21/07 13:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6071-LifeCycle 6071 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. The larvae are general feeders. F. herilis appears to prefer less arid habitats than jaculifera. 6/21/07 13:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6071-TrophicStrategy 6071 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A general feeder, including agricultural forage and vegetable crops." 6/21/07 13:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2375-ConservationStatus 2375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "It is likely more common and widespread than the records indicate, due to the fact the adults have finished flying prior to most field collecting." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2375-Distribution 2375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From the southern Appalachians north to the Maritime Provinces, east across the southern boreal forest to Vancouver Island, south to Oregon. In Alberta comstocki has been collected from the Lake Athabasca and Zama areas south to about Pigeon Lake (Winfield). Open circles are old FIDS records as plotted in Prentice (1962)." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2375-GeneralDescription 2375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approximately 3.3-3.5 cm wingspan) moth with green forewings mottles with black and pale grey and white hindwings. The forewings vary from pale mint green to dark olive green. The orbicular and reniform spots are prominent and green, and the area between the spots and beyond and below the reniform are filled with black. The fringe is strongly checkered black and white. The hind wings are dirty white, usually with a hint of green. They have a prominent wide diffuse darker subterminal band, and a large diffuse discal crescent. Fringe lightly checkered. Sexes similar, but male with bipectinate antennae, female simple. Similar to F. jocosa, which is smaller and usually has less prominent dark blotches on the forewings. The pale hindwings will separate comstocki from both major and jocosa, both of which have dark hindwings. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated in Poole, 1995." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2375-LifeCycle 2375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Like other Feralia species, the life cycle of comstocki is closely tied to the appearance of new needle buds on the host conifers. The adults emerge in early spring and lay eggs on the host. The egg hatch as the first bud scales fall off the new needles, and much of their development may be completed by the time the new needles have hardened. They pupate and complete their transformation into adults within the pupae before snowfall. The larva is described and illustrated in color in Duncan, 2006:196." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 2375-TrophicStrategy 2375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported larval hosts include a number of conifers, including Douglas fir, western hemlock, subalpine fir, white and Englemann spruce." 11/9/02 0:00 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5317-Cyclicity 5317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta the adults fly in mid to late April. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5317-Distribution 5317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Feralia major was described from New York State, and occurs from the northeastern USA west across the southern boreal forest to western Alberta. The southern limits of distribution are uncertain, as populations from the southeastern USA south to Texas are brighter blue-green and based on bar-coded specimens appear to be a separate species." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5317-GeneralDescription 5317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx.4.0 cm wingspan robust olive grey-green and black moth that flies in early spring. The basal and terminal areas of the forewings are lighter olive green, with smaller patches along the costa, around the orbicular and reniform spots, with the remainder suffused with black. The amount of black varies considerable, and the illustrated specimen (from Redwater) is about average. The hindwings are dark grey, usually with pale olive in the disc and on the lower margin. The fringes are checkered. The thorax and abdomen are olive and black. Sexes similar, except male antennae bipectinate, female simple. The other two Alberta species of Feralia are more common and widespread. F. comstocki is paler green with greatly reduced dark areas and lighter hindwings; F. jocosa is smaller with darker hindwings, and usually lacks the extensive dark suffusion on the forewings." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5317-Habitat 5317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Major occurs in coniferous forest, in particular where there are pines." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5317-LifeCycle 5317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Like other Feralia species, the life history is probably closely linked to the appearance of new buds on the host conifers. Adults emerge early in the spring and lay eggs which hatch about the time the bud scales drop off the new buds. The larvae feed on the soft new needles until they harden, then pupate. They complete much of their transformation in the pupae before winter, and thus are ready to emerge as soon as it warms in spring. They are nocturnal and come to light." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5317-TrophicStrategy 5317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are solitary defoliators of conifers, including spruce and pines." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6077-Cyclicity 6077 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults have been collected from mid June through July 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6077-Distribution 6077 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern Newfoundland and Labrador west to the Aleutian Islands, south in the west to central California and Colorado. In Alberta found only in the mountains and adjacent foothills and the northern boreal forest, from Waterton to the northern Peace River area." 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6077-GeneralDescription 6077 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.5-3.8 cm wingspan) grey and red-brown moth. Forewings pale grey on the leading half, crossed by a partial erratic black antemedian line and with large oval orbicular and kidney-shaped reniform spot, both narrowly outlined in black. There is a prominent black dash from the wing base to the postmedian line, broken by a gray patch at the antemedian line. Much of the trailing half of the forewing is dark red-brown, tapering obliquely toward the apex. The lower half of the area distad to the black postmedian line is filled with pale scales divided by orange-brown, followed by a black terminal patch crowned with a white ""W"" mark. Fringe grey and black mixed with red-brown, with a few white scales at the veins. Hindwings dull black, paler toward the base and with a dark discal dot. Male antennae bipectinate, about 5.5 times the width of the shaft. Sexes similar but female with slightly beaded simple antennae. Very similar to both H. contrasta and H. indistincta; males can be identified by the broad bipecinate antennae, and both sexes by the more prominent yellow-brown patch in the anal angle of the forewing. Questionable specimens can be separated by genitalic characters (see Troubridge and Lafontaine, 2004)" 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6077-Habitat 6077 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "mountains and adjacent foothills, the northern boreal forest" 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6077-LifeCycle 6077 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. Larvae have been found and reared on Alder (Crumb 1956). In Alberta adults have been collected from mid June through July 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6077-TrophicStrategy 6077 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae have been found and reared on Alder 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5120-Cyclicity 5120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta specimens have been collected in mid August. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5120-Distribution 5120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species; known from southern Alberta and BC south to Colorado, Arizona and California. In Alberta it has been collected only in Dinosaur Provincial Park, in arid native grasslands and badlands." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5120-GeneralDescription 5120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (wingspan approx. 3 cm) broad-winged dull light and darker yellow-brown moth with a glossy sheen. The forewings are pale yellow-brown, overlaid with dull sooty brown on the basal third and in a broad band across the post-media area. The outer edge of the postmedian band is well-defined and erratic, followed by a thin broken terminal line. The hindwings are similarly marked, but less well defined. The wing fringes are light brown. The entire pattern is poorly defined and ""cloudy"". Idia lubricalis (Gey.) (see below) is a smaller, darker moth. Some specimens of occidentalis have more dark scaling and a more complete pattern than is evident on the illustrated specimen. Idia immaculalis is pale tan without any pattern. Two other species with a similar color and sheen include Protoperigea posticata (Harv.) and Pronoctua peabodyae." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5120-Habitat 5120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "dry open areas, arid native grasslands and badlands" 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5120-LifeCycle 5120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very poorly known. There is a single brood in Alberta, and adults come to light. The larval hosts are unrecorded, but related species feed on fungi and mold on damp and decaying vegetable matter. Alberta specimens have been collected in mid August." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5120-TrophicStrategy 5120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are unrecorded, but related species feed on fungi and mold on damp and decaying vegetable matter" 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6079-Cyclicity 6079 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity late June 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6079-Distribution 6079 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western moth, common throughout much of BC and southward; north to the southern Yukon. Thus far known in Alberta only from a recent (2006) specimen collected near Jasper by Chris Schmidt and myself." 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6079-GeneralDescription 6079 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (approx. 3.7 cm wingspan) with straw yellow forewings tinted with orange or pink to varying degrees. The forewings often have slightly darker shading under the basal half of the median line, and there is a small white spot at the end of the cell. The postmedian line is usually indicated by a few small dots at the veins. The hindwings are white with a light tint of the forewing color. The antennae are filiform and the sexes are alike. The pink form of L. anteoclara ""calgariana"" may be superficially indistinguishable, and the genitalia must be examined for a positive identification. The single large spine of anteoclara is located on a much longer diverticulum that also has a small ""ear"". This diverticulum is essentially lacking in farcta, and the spine is oriented back toward the base. Other Alberta Leucania have more strongly marked forewings and/or dark hindwings." 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6079-Habitat 6079 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat meadows and other open grassy habitats 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6079-LifeCycle 6079 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. The larval hosts of most Leucania, and probably also farcta, are grasses. Like most Leucania, farcta frequents meadows and other open grassy habitats. The lone Alberta specimen was collected in late June." 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6079-TrophicStrategy 6079 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hosts are grasses. 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6082-Distribution 6082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, ranging from extreme southwestern Alberta and southern B.C. south to Arizona and California. The only Alberta specimens were colected at Waterton Lakes National Park in 2005-6. The occur in open shaded mesic shrubby woodland." 6/21/07 13:57 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6082-GeneralDescription 6082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5cm wingspan) yellow-buff geometrid moth. The forewings are crossed by poorly defined and somewhat sinuous brown antemedian, median and postmedian lines, the later most prominent, All are thicker and darker where they meet the costa. There is a dark brown blotch on the outside of the postmedian line midway, a second one at the costa above, and a terminal line comprised of a series of dark dots or short dashes. The hindwings are crossed by faint partial antemedian and more complete median lines. Both wings are covered with a light dusting of dark brown scales. Male antennae are broadly bipectinate. Similar to Macaria occiduaria, which is brighter yellow with more sharply defined dark markings and lacks the dusting of dark scales." 6/21/07 13:57 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6082-Habitat 6082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open shaded mesic shrubby woodland. 6/21/07 13:57 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6082-LifeCycle 6082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults come to light. The only Alberta specimen was collected on August 31, 2005. Maple (Acer) is the reported host plant; Mountain Maple (Acer glabrum Torr.) is a possible host in Alberta." 6/21/07 13:57 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6082-TrophicStrategy 6082 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Maple (Acer) is the reported host plant; Mountain Maple (Acer glabrum Torr.) is a possible host in Alberta 6/21/07 13:57 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6083-ConservationStatus 6083 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The only known Canadian population occurs in a yucca colony on and above the south-facing slopes of the Milk River, south of Onefour" 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6083-Cyclicity 6083 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly in late June in Alberta (eggs collected July 1). Late June – early July in Colorado and North Dakota (Scott, 1992)" 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6083-Distribution 6083 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, north in the Great Plains to North Dakota and extreme south-eastern Alberta. In Canada and Alberta, known only from the Yucca colony on the north side of the Milk River valley south of Onefour, immediately north of the Montana border." 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6083-GeneralDescription 6083 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (5.5 – 7.5 cm wingspan) heavy-bodied skipper. The dorsal wing surfaces are brownish black with white fringes and a series of pale marginal spots. Males are smaller and darker than females. Males have a series of six prominent white or pale tan spots on the outer costa and margin of the forewings, and a narrow yellow tan marginal band on the hindwings. Females have larger paler forewing spots which usually form a continuous band, and usually one or more pale spots on the hingwing in addition to the pale marginal band. In both sexes the ventral surfaces of the forewings are similar to the dorsal surfaces, but the hindwings are heavily dusted or frosted with pale scales and have several small white spots. This large skipper is unlikely to be mistaken for any other Alberta lepidopteran." 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6083-Habitat 6083 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Yucca colonies on arid grasslands and badlands 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6083-LifeCycle 6083 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Single brooded. Adults lay eggs on the leaves of yucca plants, and the larvae burrow into the rootstock to feed. Adults frequently perch on the dry flower stems of the host plant. The larger females make a clicking sound in flight." 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6083-TrophicStrategy 6083 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed only in the rootstocks of yucca (in Alberta, Yucca glauca Nutt.)." 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6085-Distribution 6085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in southeastern and southern North America, from New Brunswick west to Alberta, south to Florida and Arizona. In Alberta fractilinea is restricted to the grasslands region, and in particular dunes areas. It has been collected north to Edgerton and west to Lethbridge." 6/21/07 13:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6085-GeneralDescription 6085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-small moth (approx. 2.6-3.2 cm wingspan), females larger than males. Adults are quite variable, ranging from mostly brown-black specimens to light rusty-tan ones, the later most common. Typical specimens have light rusty-tan forewings, shading to sooty brown along the leading edge, in the median area and in an irregular terminal band. A few dark scales indicate the normal lines and spots where they cross the veins, giving the moth a lightly speckled appearance. The reniform is white, with a few dark scales in the center and stands out against the darker ground. Hindwings are light sooty brown with a faint lighter median line. Antennae simple and sexes similar. Specimens largely suffused with darker brown or blackish scales can usually still be identified by the contrasting light reniform. Condica videns occurs in similar habitat, but has pale hindwings and lacks the speckled appearance of fractilinea." 6/21/07 13:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6085-Habitat 6085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "grasslands region, and in particular dunes areas" 6/21/07 13:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6085-LifeCycle 6085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Oligia fractilinea is single-brooded with adults flying in mid to late summer. Adults come to both light and sugar bait. The larvae, from whence comes the common name, are borers in the stems of grasses, in particular Timothy (Phleum pratensis), and in the east are sometimes a serious pest in young corn (Zea)." 6/21/07 13:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6085-TrophicStrategy 6085 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae, from whence comes the common name, are borers in the stems of grasses, in particular Timothy (Phleum pratensis), and in the east are sometimes a serious pest in young corn (Zea)." 6/21/07 13:59 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6208-Cyclicity 6208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are present in Alberta from mid-June through mid August, with the main flight in July." 2/13/08 15:04 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6208-Distribution 6208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "NL and LB west across the wooded parts of Canada to BC. In Alberta Most common in the Aspen parklands, southern Boreal forest and lower foothills regions; also present in the mountains south of the Crowsnest Pass and in the Boreal forest region. Open woodland and edges; meadows." 2/13/08 15:04 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6208-GeneralDescription 6208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-small size (approx. 2.5 cm wingspan) broad-winged grey and black moth. The forewings are pale grey, crossed by a series of dark bands. A small dark patch at the wing base is followed by a prominent slightly curved dark complete antemedian line. The postmedian line is made up of three parallel dark lines, separated by thin lines of light scales; prominent on the upper third or half of the wing, becoming faint or obsolete across the lower half. The outer edge of the upper third of the band is notched inward. The outer edge of the forewing is broadly darker grey, especially on the upper half of the wing. The hindwings are pale grey or dirty white, crossed by a series of faint bands and darkening toward the outer margin. All four wings have a small black discal dot. Sexes alike except male antennae bipectinate or bifasiculate; female simple. The small size, dark antemedian band and dark, notched upper third of the postmedian band combined with the lack of prominent brown or rusty scaling will separate abrasaria from most other small Alberta geometrids." 2/13/08 15:04 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6208-Habitat 6208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open woodland and edges; meadows. 2/13/08 15:04 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6208-LifeCycle 6208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are mainly nocturnal and come to light. There are no records for the larval hostplant(s) in NA; in Europe abrasaria is reported to use several species of bedstraw (Gallium). Adults are present in Alberta from mid-June through mid August, with the main flight in July. It is possible there is a small second brood in mid August. The larva of the nominate subspecies is illustrated in color on the web." 2/13/08 15:04 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6210-Cyclicity 6210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, adults from early June through July." 2/13/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6210-Distribution 6210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Iduata ranges from NL west across the boreal forest to BC, south in wooded parts of eastern North America. In Alberta it has been collected from the northern Boreal forest to the northern edge of the Aspen parklands, in and near wooded areas. Not recorded from the mountains or foothills regions." 2/13/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6210-GeneralDescription 6210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small (approx. 2.5 cm wingspan) broad-winged drab dirty white moth with blackish brown markings. The forewings are dull white, with a small dark patch in the basal area and a broad dark median band, widest at the costa and tapering to half that width before breaking near mid-wing, then continuing on to the lower margin but in a much faded and broken form. There is a small, double-toothed dark patch in the subterminal area below the apex, and another on the costa just basad of the apex. The dark terminal line is thin and broken, and the fringe is lightly checkered. The lighter ground is crossed by a series of narrow wavy incomplete vertical lines, giving it a mottled pattern. The hindwings are paler, with the same faint cross lines most prominent and darker towards the margin. There is a small dark discal dot on all four wings. Male antennae strongly pectinate, female simple. Very similar to X. fossaria, but much smaller and fossaria is confined to the mountains. See also X. ramaria and X. incursata. Other Alberta Xanthorhoe have either much less mottled wings, or the median band is brighter brown or red-brown, not dull blackish brown. Eulithis explanata also has a similar pattern, but is much larger and a cold lead grey color." 2/13/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6210-Habitat 6210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat in and near wooded areas 2/13/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6210-LifeCycle 6210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood in Alberta, with adults from early June through July. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larval hosts are unknown." 2/13/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6210-TrophicStrategy 6210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larval hosts are unknown 2/13/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4805-Cyclicity 4805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults in Alberta from late May through late August. 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4805-Distribution 4805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread. Occurs across Canada from NL to BC and AK, north to YT and NWT, south in the east at least LA and MS. Found in open wooded areas, edges etc." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4805-GeneralDescription 4805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approximately 2.5 cm wingspan) flimsy moth with a small body and broad wings. Wings light grey., slightly mottled.\nBasal are red brown, antemedian line prominent, black. Area between antemedian and postmedian lines rust-red, and a small red-brown patch on the costa before the apex. Hindwings light grey. The black antemedian line followed by the wide red median band should separate labradorensis from all but X. packardata McD. These two species are frequently misidentified in collections and elsewhere, and should be dissected for positive identification. In packardata the aedeagus is very slender (about 1/5 as wide as the space within the genital ring (tegument and vinculum) with a peculiar cluster of about 10 setae at the top of the aedeagus that are like cylinders with a thin seta at the tip, like dynamite with a short fuse, and the apex of the valve is flat with a small dorsal process. In labradorensis, the aedeagus is about ½ as wide as the capsule space, there is a large cluster of long tapered cornuti at the top, and the subapical process is larger and projects on the inner surface of the valve as a triangular subapical tooth (D. Lafontaine, pers. comm.)." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4805-Habitat 4805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in open wooded areas, edges etc." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4805-LifeCycle 4805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, with adults in Alberta from late May through late August. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are polyphagus with a range of mostly herbs but also some woody plants listed as hosts (Covell, 1984)." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4805-TrophicStrategy 4805 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy larvae are polyphagus with a range of mostly herbs but also some woody plants listed as hosts 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4804-Cyclicity 4804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults from mid-May through July 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4804-Distribution 4804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. In North America found from NL west across the wooded parts of Canada to BC, north to YT and NWT, south in the east to VA. In Alberta found throughout the wooded parts of the province, but apparently absent from the grasslands region and much of the mountains. It occurs in open woods, edges and clearings." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4804-GeneralDescription 4804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth. The forewings are rusty-orange in the basal area, with a broad charcoal median band. Median band may be dark red-brown in some specimens. The postmedian band bordering the distal side of the median band is usually light tan or whitish along the lower half, and dark red-brown on the upper half, ending in a dark brown or black blotch at the costa. Subterminal area mottled light brown with a characteristic doubled black spot in the upper half, which is the basis of the common name of ""twin-spot"". The hindwings are pale tan with a small dark discal mark, darkened by a series of diffuse parallel wavy brown lines. Sexes similar, but male antennae bipectinae, female simple. The species is quite variable in appearance." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4804-Habitat 4804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "open woods, edges and clearings" 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4804-LifeCycle 4804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood in Alberta, with adults from mid-May through July. Reported larval hosts include a wide range of low plants, including chickweed, ground ivy, and Polygonum sp. (Covell, 1984); dandelion, Glecoma sp., Amoracea, Stellaria, Galium, Circium, Plantago and others (Handfield, 1999)." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4804-TrophicStrategy 4804 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood in Alberta, with adults from mid-May through July. Reported larval hosts include a wide range of low plants, including chickweed, ground ivy, and Polygonum sp. (Covell, 1984); dandelion, Glecoma sp., Amoracea, Stellaria, Galium, Circium, Plantago and others" 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6212-Cyclicity 6212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta adults are present from late April through mid August in two broods, the first peaking in mid May, the second in late July to mid August." 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6212-Distribution 6212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found throughout much of the wooded parts of North America. In Alberta widespread in the southern boreal forest and the edge of the aspen parklands, less common further north and rare or absent in the grasslands and mountains. Found in open wooded areas, edges and clearings." 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6212-GeneralDescription 6212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-small moth (2.0 - 2.6 cm wingspan) with broad wings. Forewings with a small dark basal patch followed by a light brown band and a paler brown antemedian line. Median band dark brown or dark red-brown, twice as wide at costa as at lower margin, strongly toothed on the outer edge midway, and upper half usually divided by a paler brown insert containing a small dark discal dot. Postmedian area light grey or tan, almost white; shading to brown along the outer margin, and with a irregular dark patch on the costa and a larger poorly defined dark patch in the upper half of the outer margin. Hindwings grey-brown crossed by diffuse wavy lines and bands. Male antennae bifasiculate; female simple. Similar to Euphyia intermedia which is blackish, not brown, and has white distal to the median band, not light tan." 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6212-Habitat 6212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in open wooded areas, edges and clearings." 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6212-LifeCycle 6212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. In Alberta adults are present from late April through mid August in two broods, the first peaking in mid May, the second in late July to mid August. A wide and unusual variety of hosts are reported, including birches, blackberry and other Rubus sp., hawthorns, impatiens, willows, and larch (Covell 1984; Handfield 1999)." 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6212-TrophicStrategy 6212 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A wide and unusual variety of hosts are reported, including birches, blackberry and other Rubus sp., hawthorns, impatiens, willows, and larch" 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6213-Cyclicity 6213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta adults mid-June through mid-July. Nothing is known concerning early stages. 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6213-Distribution 6213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known only from the mountains from southwestern BC to southwestern AB (TL: Laggan [Lake Louise], AB), in open wooded habitats. In Alberta it has been collected at the Lake Louise type locality and more commonly at Nordegg. \nFound in coniferous forest." 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6213-GeneralDescription 6213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small (approx. 2.6 cm wingspan) broad-winged mottled grey moth. Very closely related to and difficult to separate from X. ramaria, X. macdunnoughi, X. iduata and others in the species-group. The median band of lagganata is more even, both in width and in even-ness of the dark scaling than most other species in this species-group. Specimens should be dissected or at least have the genitalia examined for positive identification. Male are antennae strongly bipectinate; pectinations about 1.5x width of shaft at widest point." 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6213-Habitat 6213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in coniferous forest. 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6213-LifeCycle 6213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be but a single brood, with Alberta adults mid-June through mid-July. Nothing is known concerning early stages or larval host plants." 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6213-TrophicStrategy 6213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Nothing is known about larval host plants. 2/13/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6204-Cyclicity 6204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late August. 2/13/08 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6204-Distribution 6204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "BC east to extreme southwestern AB, south in the mountains. In Alberta it is known only from Waterton Lakes National Park, where a number of specimens were collected in late August, 2005." 2/13/08 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6204-GeneralDescription 6204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (approx. 3.2 – 4.0 cm wingspan, females larger than males) blue-grey, black and white moth, the body clothed in long soft wooly hair-like scales except for the central part of the dorsal thorax, which is clothed in short curly dark scales. Males have shorter semi-translucent wings that reflect iridescence under strong lighting. Forewings crossed by white antemedian and double postmedian lines, a single thin wavy subterminal line and a thin white terminal line. The hindwings are lighter grey with a wide white median band. Male antennae are strongly bipectinate, females simple. The Larch lappet moth is smaller with much darker males. Tolype species in general are unmistakable." 2/13/08 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6204-Habitat 6204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat They are found in mature conifer forest. 2/13/08 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6204-LifeCycle 6204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single generation per year, with adults in late summer. The Alberta series was collected on August 31, 2005. Larvae are relatively uncommon innocuous solitary defoliator. Mature caterpillars are present mainly in July and August. The egg overwinters. The larvae is described and illustrated in color by Duncan (op. cit.)." 2/13/08 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6204-TrophicStrategy 6204 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported larval hosts include Douglas fir, Ponderosa pine, Englemann spruce, Lodgepole pine, White spruce and Western hemlock, with most records from Douglas fir and Ponderosa pine (Prentice, 1963; Duncan, 2006)." 2/13/08 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6205-Cyclicity 6205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults in late summer, and mature caterpillars are present mainly in July and August." 2/13/08 15:01 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6205-Distribution 6205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to BC. The only Alberta record is an old report of a larval collection by FIDS in the Drayton Valley region (Prentice, 1963). It appears to be much more common in the east than in the west." 2/13/08 15:01 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6205-GeneralDescription 6205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (approx. 3.0 cm wingspan) blue-grey, black and white moth, the body clothed in long soft wooly hair-like scales except for the central part of the dorsal thorax, which is clothed in shorter, curly dark scales. Males have stubby dark lead-grey semi-translucent wings that reflect iridescence under strong lighting. Forewings crossed by rather faint poorly defined doubled white antemedian and postmedian lines, a single thin wavy subterminal line and a thin white terminal line. The hindwings are dark grey. Females are larger and much paler, mostly white with pale gray markings. The male antennae are strongly bipectinate, females narrowly so. The Larch lappet moth is unlikely to be mistaken for any other Alberta moth." 2/13/08 15:01 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6205-Habitat 6205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It occurs in coniferous and mixedwood forest. 2/13/08 15:01 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6205-LifeCycle 6205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single generation per year, with adults in late summer. The egg overwinters." 2/13/08 15:01 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6205-TrophicStrategy 6205 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on many species of conifers, including balsam fir, eastern hemlock, eastern larch, pines, and spruces, but show a preference for white spruce and balsam fir (Prentice, 1963)." 2/13/08 15:01 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6207-ConservationStatus 6207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare & local. 2/13/08 15:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6207-Cyclicity 6207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The Alberta specimens were collected on June 20, 2002." 2/13/08 15:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6207-Distribution 6207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An eastern species, recorded from Newfoundland west to central Alberta where it has been found in single bog-fen complex near Ft. Assiniboine." 2/13/08 15:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6207-GeneralDescription 6207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A stocky medium-size purple-grey and maroon moth. There are black markings before the orbicular, between the orbicular and reniform and below the reniform, and a prominent, wedge shaped, black claviform spot. No W-mark on the subterminal line, instead a series or 3 or more small prominent dark spots, which are diagnostic. Hindwings fuscous with a prominent discal cresent and a broad black terminal band. See also T. tacoma and T. legitima." 2/13/08 15:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6207-Habitat 6207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Restricted to bogs and fens. 2/13/08 15:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6207-LifeCycle 6207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "According to Handfield (1999), females are diurnal and visit flowers during the day, whereas the males are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood." 2/13/08 15:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6207-TrophicStrategy 6207 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The only reported hostplant appears to Pyrus melanocarpa (Handfield, op. cit.)." 2/13/08 15:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31089-ConservationStatus 31089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Unknown, rarely collected, all records are of reared individuals." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31089-Cyclicity 31089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid to late July in Alberta (Freeman 1965). 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31089-Distribution 31089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from Willow Creek, Coleman, West Porcupine, Snaring River, and Athabasca in Alberta; also in British Columbia and California." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31089-GeneralDescription 31089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing has a chequered appearance with the basal, median, and PM bands being block-like and dark grey with an irregular black border. The ground colour is white and is irregularly interrupted by fine black lines. The hindwing is evenly dark grey. \nThis species can be separated from the much more commonly collected Archips packardiana by the pattern of white markings on the forewing. In A. coniferana, the middle white costal spot is roughly continuous with the white band that extends down towards the anal angle, while in A. packardiana, these two markings are clearly disjunctive from each other. There are two other eastern boreal members of this genus that are equally rarely collected and should be looked for in Alberta. Archepandemis morrisana is smaller with a wingspan of under 16 mm, while in A. coniferana it is over 17.5 mm. Archepandemis borealis can only reliably be separated through genitalic characters (Mutuura 1978)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31089-Habitat 31089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forest. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31089-TrophicStrategy 31089 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae have been reared from Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta), Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and Juniper (Juniperus sp.) in Alberta; Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) and Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) in British Columbia. There is also a doubtful record for cottonwood (Populus sp.). (Freeman 1965; Mutuura 1978)" 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6332-Cyclicity 6332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There is a single annual brood, with adults in Alberta in July." 3/20/08 13:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6332-Distribution 6332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Davena is a western species, occurring east to the mountains of western Alberta. In Alberta it has been collected from just north of Nordegg (Brown Creek) south to Waterton. It occurs in open wooded area and adjacent meadows." 3/20/08 13:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6332-GeneralDescription 6332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small dark noctuid (wingspan approx. 2.7-3.0 cm). The median area of the forewing is black, with the basal area usually lighter black mixed with brown scales The reniform spot and most of the subterminal area beyond the postmedian line is contrasting light grey and white, with an incomplete dark terminal band and lightly checkered black and white fringe. The lower part of the pale terminal area is suffused with light rust or yellow orange scales, hence the common name. The hindwings are light grey-brown with a faint dark discal mark. Antennae in both sexes simple. Most likely to be mistaken for L. olivacea, which is smaller, has white scaling in the basal area, and at best has only a faint ochre tint in the lower subterminal area. Questionable specimens can be separated by the male valve, which is expands abruptly into the cucullus in olivacea, but tapers gradually in davena." 3/20/08 13:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6332-Habitat 6332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat open wooded area and adjacent meadows 3/20/08 13:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6332-LifeCycle 6332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 3/20/08 13:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6332-TrophicStrategy 6332 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae and the larval hostplants are apparently unknown. 3/20/08 13:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6334-ConservationStatus 6334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A relatively common, widespread species; no concerns." 3/20/08 13:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6334-Cyclicity 6334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early July through mid August. 3/20/08 13:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6334-Distribution 6334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Northwest Territories south in the mountains and Great Plains to North Dakota, Colorado, Utah and southern Washington. In Alberta it has been collected from the Red Deer River badlands north to Edmonton and the Peace River district." 3/20/08 13:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6334-GeneralDescription 6334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.4 cm wingspan) moth with dark brown forewings, with a pale yellow-brown, ochre or dull orange costa. The cubital vein is shaded with white scales for the same distance. The dark filled orbicular and kidney-shaped reniform are relatively small and outlined in the same pale yellow or orange scales. There is a narrow yellow or orange streak beyond the claviform spot. The hindwings are suffused with sooty or brown scales, darkest towards the outer margin. The basal half of the prothoracic collar is the same pale yellow or orange (in some females silver-grey) color as the costa, and this character alone will separate flavicollis from the similar Euxoa ridingsiana. \nE. flavicollis belongs to the subgenus Orosagrotis; keys to the subfamilies and species in each are provided in Lafontaine, 1987." 3/20/08 13:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6334-Habitat 6334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry wooded areas and open grasslands. 3/20/08 13:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6334-LifeCycle 6334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known, with the immature stages known only from lab rearings. There is a single brood each year. There is apparently a relatively short period of aestivation prior to the larvae pupating. Adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light." 3/20/08 13:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6334-TrophicStrategy 6334 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Probably a general feeder of low herbs like most members of the genus. 3/20/08 13:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6338-ConservationStatus 6338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A very local species; recently described and known in Canada from single sites in Alberta and Saskatchewan. 3/20/08 13:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6338-Cyclicity 6338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in mid August. 3/20/08 13:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6338-Distribution 6338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Washington to central eastern California, northern Arizona and New Mexico, east to Colorado, Wyoming and southwestern Saskatchewan. In Canada, known only from Dinosaur Provincial Park in southern Alberta and Swift Current Saskatchewan." 3/20/08 13:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6338-GeneralDescription 6338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.4-3.8 cm wingspan) streaky grey-brown moth\nAlmost identical in appearance to P. enalaga, which is slightly larger and darker. These two species are easiest to separate by flight date; enalaga flies in May and June and postera in August. Also flies with the very similarSetagrotis radiola, which is slightly larger and has a less streaky pattern, in particular lacking the sinuous white line outlining the orbicular and reniform in postura. Described in 2004." 3/20/08 13:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6338-Habitat 6338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid native grassland-sagebrush valley floodplains and slopes; badlands 3/20/08 13:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6338-LifeCycle 6338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, which emerges in the August. The early stages are unknown" 3/20/08 13:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6339-Cyclicity 6339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flies in mid-late summer. 3/20/08 13:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6339-Distribution 6339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring from the mountains of western Alberta north to Jasper, west to Lilloet BC and south to California. In Alberta it has been collected only in montane grasslands, from the Crowsnest Pass north to Jasper." 3/20/08 13:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6339-GeneralDescription 6339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A pale and somewhat silky light yellowish-grey moth. Darker markings include a somewhat erratic antemedian line and a toothed curving postmedian line, both with black blotches where they meet the costa, and a large reniform spot, all rather blurred and poorly defined. The subterminal area is slightly darker than the rest of the forewing, and the fringe is concolorous . The hindwings are very pale grey-brown, almost white. A non-descript moth with a rather delicate build. The cloudy pattern and silky sheen of Protoperigea species is difficult to describe but quite distinctive. They are similar in this regard to Pronoctua species, which are larger, darker and browner. The larger and browner P. posticata replaces anotha in the dry grasslands and badlands of southern Alberta." 3/20/08 13:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6339-Habitat 6339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta it has been collected only in montane grasslands. 3/20/08 13:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6339-LifeCycle 6339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, which flies in mid-late summer. The adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light." 3/20/08 13:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5299-Distribution 5299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Obliqua has a widespread disribution, from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island, and from Churchill to southern Arizona." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5299-GeneralDescription 5299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth (forewing length about 35 mm) with dark blackish brown or reddish brown forewings crossed by darker antemedian and postmedian lines. The hindwings are dark brown. It can be separated from the very similar A. vancouverensis by the elongate hollow basal dash and claviform streak filled with brown scales (black filled in vancouverensis). It is also similar to and difficult to separate from Agrotis volubilis. Males of volubilis have pale whitish hindwings while those of obliqua are dark. Many specimens of vancouverensis and obliqua are difficult to separate, and are frequently found misidentified in collections." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5299-Habitat 5299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta is most common in the wooded parts of the parklands and foothills, but also can be found throughout the boreal forest and in wooded valleys in the grasslands region." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5299-LifeCycle 5299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Although this is not an uncommon moth, the life history is poorly known, and the immature stages and host plants are unknown. There is a single annual brood with adults in the spring and early summer. Adults are nocturnal and come to light." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6125-Distribution 6125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widespread across the Arctic abnd alpine regions of Canada. In Alberta reported only from the Nordegg area. 7/6/07 13:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6125-GeneralDescription 6125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small diurnal moth with mottled black and grey forewings with a large dark reniform spot, and white hindwings with a wide dark border and a prominent black discal lunule (hence the name). Very similar in both appearance and habits to Sympistis zetterstedti. The easiest way to separate the two species is by checking the ventral surface, which has prominent black fore- and hind wing discal lunules in Anarta lacking in Sympistis (see lower figure)." 7/6/07 13:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6125-Habitat 6125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open alpine and subalpine habitats. 7/6/07 13:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6125-LifeCycle 6125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are diurnal and visit flowers. There is a single annual brood. 7/6/07 13:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6325-Cyclicity 6325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults in late May and June. 3/19/08 14:27 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6325-Distribution 6325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to central Alberta, south to Florida and Arizona." 3/19/08 14:27 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6325-GeneralDescription 6325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather small (approx. 2.5 cm. wingspan) dark broad winged noctuid moth. Forewings and thorax very dark brown. Normal markings present but indistinct. The only prominent markings are the large, white ringed and partially white filled reniform spots. There is also some white scaling along the costa beyond the reniform. Hindwings dirty white to light grey-brown, darker toward the outer margin. Antennae simple and sexes alike." 3/19/08 14:27 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6325-Habitat 6325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta it has been collected only in riparian meadows in the aspen parklands region. 3/19/08 14:27 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6325-LifeCycle 6325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single brood. 3/19/08 14:27 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6325-TrophicStrategy 6325 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported larval hosts include mint (Mentha) and bergamont (Monarda), in the Mint family (Lamiaceae)." 3/19/08 14:27 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6326-ConservationStatus 6326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local and uncommon to rare. 3/19/08 14:28 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6326-Cyclicity 6326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June-July. 3/19/08 14:28 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6326-Distribution 6326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from NFLD and LAB west to the foothills of AB, south to CO." 3/19/08 14:28 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6326-GeneralDescription 6326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Unmistakable. A medium-size (3.8-4.5 cm. ws) moth with orange-brown FW, and with the darker median area outlined by two curved black lines. HW with a heavy dusting of grey scales, and with a fine median line. Antennae simple; sexes similar." 3/19/08 14:28 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6326-Habitat 6326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Contradicta appears to favor cooler boreal forest woodlands. I have seen taken it in a calcareous fen near Edmonton (Wagner Bog), and took a number of specimens in well-drained pine-spruce forest as well as in riparian mixedwoods along Brown Creek, in the forested foothills northwest of Nordegg." 3/19/08 14:28 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6326-TrophicStrategy 6326 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown. Most members of the genus for which there are data feed on grasses, and in particular on the seed heads of grasses." 3/19/08 14:28 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6335-ConservationStatus 6335 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Known from only two Alberta collections 3/20/08 13:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6335-Cyclicity 6335 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Alberta specimens as have been collected on May 19, 2005 and 10 June 1956." 3/20/08 13:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6335-Distribution 6335 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A northern Great Plains species. Phaneta montanana has been reported from southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Montana, Oregon and Colorado (Heinrich 1923, Kearfott 1905). Donald J. Wright (pers. comm.) has also seen specimens from North Dakota and eastern Montana. In Alberta, known only from single specimens collected at Elkwater Lake on 10 June 1956 by E.E. Sterns (CNC) and at the Pakowki Lake dunes on 19 May 2005 by G.G. Anweiler (UASM)." 3/20/08 13:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6335-GeneralDescription 6335 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (18-25 mm wingspan) Eucosmine moth. The forewings are long and somewhat pointed, yellow-brown or olivaceous-brown with a primarily longitudinal pattern of lighter streaks and lines. The hindwings are sooty black with a pale fringe. The genus is characterized by the lack of a costal fold in the male forewings. The forewings lack the basal patch and the median longitudinal white streak found in many members of the genus. The males have a somewhat inconspicuous though clearly defined ocelloid patch. The strigulations near the costa are characteristic, as is the small darker streak on the basal third of the wing the way out from the thorax. The many Alberta members of the genus are best separated by the unique combination of colors and markings on the upper side of the forewings." 3/20/08 13:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6335-Habitat 6335 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Arid habitats, including sand dunes and probably badlands. One of the Alberta specimens was collected in an active blowout in old sand dunes." 3/20/08 13:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6335-LifeCycle 6335 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are diurnal, but also come to light. The larva has been found boring in the root of the host plant." 3/20/08 13:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6335-TrophicStrategy 6335 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva of montanana, according to data on a reared specimen recently received from Mr. L. P. Rockwood, of Forest Grove, Oregon, bores in the roots of 'sage brush' ('Artemisia dracunculo').”(Heinrich 1923)." 3/20/08 13:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6336-ConservationStatus 6336 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but rarely collected species. 3/20/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6336-Cyclicity 6336 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Not yet collected in Alberta 3/20/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6336-Distribution 6336 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring from east central California north to southern British Columbia, and south in the Rocky Mountains to central Colorado." 3/20/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6336-GeneralDescription 6336 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (4.0 cm wingspan) with mottled dull grey and pale yellow-brown forewings and grey-brown hindwings. The forewing pattern is rather blurry, with the yellow-brown most prominent at the antemedian and postmedian lines. The orbicular and reniform are also incompletely outlined in the yellow-brown scales. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. Very similar to both P. typica and P. peabodyae. The forewings are more contrasting and the hindwings usually paler than those of peabodeyae, which is usually found at lower elevations. P. typica has slightly paler hindwings, and usually a darker median band. The genitalia of typica are very different, with the valves tapering to a long narrow curved apex (blunt in craboi)." 3/20/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6336-Habitat 6336 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open subalpine, near treeline." 3/20/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6336-LifeCycle 6336 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. Almost nothing else is known about this recently (1998) described moth, which is known from only a handful of specimens." 3/20/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6336-TrophicStrategy 6336 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Undocumented 3/20/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6337-Cyclicity 6337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity adults emerge in late summer (mid August through early September in Alberta) 3/20/08 13:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6337-Distribution 6337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western mountain species, found from extreme southwestern Alberta (Waterton) west to south central BC, south to southern California and Arizona and east to New Mexico and Colorado. In Alberta it has been collected only in Waterton Lakes National Park, in low to mid elevation (1300-1500m) open dry woodland and grasslands." 3/20/08 13:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6337-GeneralDescription 6337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size dull grey-brown moth (approx. 4.2cm wingspan). Forewing markings are dull and poorly defined, and consist of the traces of the normal lines and spots. The hindwings are lighter grey-brown and unmarked. With experience Pronoctua species are relatively easy to recognize by the silky ""sheen"" of their otherwise drab grey-brown forewings. This unusual silky appearance is shared with the two Alberta species of Protoperigea, which lack the median band that is usually the most prominent marking in P. typica. Pronoctua peabodyae is smaller, darker and more strongly marked. The genitalia of P. typica (illustrated in Lafontaine, 1998) and in particular the valves of the male (illustrated below) are abundantly different from those of other Pronoctua and Protoperigea species." 3/20/08 13:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6337-Habitat 6337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat open dry woodland and grasslands 3/20/08 13:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6337-LifeCycle 6337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. P. typica is apparently single-brooded, with adults in late summer (mid August through early September in Alberta). The adults come readily to light. The larvae and larval hosts are apparently unknown." 3/20/08 13:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6337-TrophicStrategy 6337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy larval hosts are apparently unknown 3/20/08 13:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6215-Cyclicity 6215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late June and early July. 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6215-Distribution 6215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to BC. Little is known as to habitat and host plants, but likely very similar to that of X. labradorensis. In Alberta known only from two sites in the aspen parklands region. Open wooded areas and edges." 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6215-GeneralDescription 6215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approximately 2.5 cm wingspan) flimsy moth with a small body and broad wings. Wings light grey, mottled. Basal area often with some red brown, antemedian line prominent, black. The area between the antemedian and postmedian lines rust-red, and a small red-brown and black patch on the costa before the apex. Hindwings light grey, with faint darker grey lines. The straight black antemedian line followed by the wide red median band should separate X. packardata McD. from all other Xanthorhoe sp. except labradorensis. The Labrador and Packard's Carpets are frequently misidentified in collections and elsewhere, and they must be examined structurally for positive identification (see attached diagnosis, below). In packardata the aedeagus is very slender (about 5x or more long as wide, with a peculiar cluster of about 10 long hair-like setae at the apex of the aedeagus. The apex of the valve is flat with a small dorsal process. In labradorensis, the aedeagus is about 3-4x as long as wide with a large split cluster of stout sharp tapered spines at the apex." 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6215-Habitat 6215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open wooded areas and edges 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6215-LifeCycle 6215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Nothing known, but likely the same of very similar to that of X. labradorensis. Immature stages and larval hosts are unknown. Adults have been collected in Alberta in late June and early July." 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6215-TrophicStrategy 6215 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Immature stages and larval hosts are unknown. 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6216-Cyclicity 6216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected from late June to late July. 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6216-Distribution 6216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. Like most Xestia in the subfamily Pachnobia, atrata is found across the boreal forest of North America, from the northern edge of the New England states and LB west to AK; south in the mountains to CO. Two subspecies occur in eastern Russia. In AB it has been collected sparingly in the boreal forest region from the Fort McMurray region south in the mountains to Banff, in coniferous woodlands." 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6216-GeneralDescription 6216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (approximately 3.6-4.0 cm wingspan) relatively broad-winged moth. Forewings even dark black-brown, unmarked except in most specimens a series of tiny yellowish dots, one at the tip of each tooth of the postmedian line and another near the end of each vein where it meets the wing margin. Hind wing slightly paler sooty brown with a darker discal mark and a black terminal line. Sexes similar. Antennae simple in both sexes. The large size and plain dark brown wings will separate it from other boreal noctuids." 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6216-Habitat 6216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat coniferous woodlands 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6216-LifeCycle 6216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. Adults have been collected from late June to late July. The larval host(s) are unknown and the larvae are apparently undescribed. 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6216-TrophicStrategy 6216 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval host(s) are unknown 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6218-Cyclicity 6218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults from mid July through August, peaking in late July." 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6218-Distribution 6218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland and northern New England west to southern YT and BC, north to the arctic coast and south in the mountains to CO. In Alberta it occurs throughout the boreal forest, foothills and mountains. It is found in open coniferous forest, bogs and similar boreal habitats." 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6218-GeneralDescription 6218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.5 cm wingspan) moth with light and dark grey forewings. The antemedian and postmedian lines are doubled, outlined with dark scales and filled with paler scales. The subterminal line is wavy, with bordered with patches of black patches of at the costa and in a wedge distad from the reniform. The most prominent markings are the large oval or teardrop-shaped pale grey orbicular spot and the similar size reniform spot, the later largely filled with rust-brown scales. The rust-brown scales in the reniform separate impertita from other Alberta Xestia sp. Sexes similar, but male antennae setose; female simple. Lafontaine (1998) illustrates the genitalia of both sexes." 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6218-Habitat 6218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "open coniferous forest, bogs and similar boreal habitats" 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6218-LifeCycle 6218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood in Alberta, with adults from mid July through August, peaking in late July. The larva is described by Lafontaine (1998). The larval host plants are apparently unknown, although larvae have been reared in the lab on blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.)" 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6218-TrophicStrategy 6218 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host plants are apparently unknown, although larvae have been reared in the lab on blueberry" 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6340-Cyclicity 6340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There is a single annual brood, which flies in late summer or early fall" 3/20/08 13:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6340-Distribution 6340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring from the lower South Saskatchewan and Lost River badlands in southeastern Alberta west to BC and south to California. In Alberta it has been found in arid badlands grasslands" 3/20/08 13:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6340-GeneralDescription 6340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx 3.5-3.8 cm wingspan) silky grey-brown or yellow-brown moth with darker markings and shining white hindwings. The forewings have narrow erratic and poorly defined antemedian and postmedian lines, marked at the costa by a patch of dark scales. The terminal area of the wing is darker than the rest, with a blackish subterminal line or band, darkest and most prominent near the midpoint, and a thin broken dark terminal line. There is also a prominent dark black-brown reniform spot. The hindwings are white with a few brown scales along the veins, especially along the distal part, and with a narrow dark terminal line. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. \nProtoperigea anotha, which occurs only in the mountains, is smaller and grayer with less prominent contrasting subterminal bands. The rather cloudy pattern and silky sheen of Protoperigea species is difficult to describe but quite distinctive. Protoperigea are similar in this regard to Pronoctua species, which are darker and have dark, not white, hindwings" 3/20/08 13:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6340-Habitat 6340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat arid badlands grasslands 3/20/08 13:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6340-LifeCycle 6340 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, which flies in late summer or early fall. The adults are attracted to light. In Alberta posticata has been collected during the first week of September." 3/20/08 13:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6341-ConservationStatus 6341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon (or uncommonly collected) species in Alberta, known from less than a dozen specimens." 3/20/08 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6341-Cyclicity 6341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Alberta specimens have been collected early June to late July, with the peak in mid July." 3/20/08 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6341-Distribution 6341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Labrador, south in the prairies to southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan Alberta and BC; south in the mountains to Colorado. Sentinaria has been collected at sites scattered throughout much of Alberta, including the mountains and Cypress Hills and along river valleys in the arid grasslands region." 3/20/08 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6341-GeneralDescription 6341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (20-27 mm wingspan) dull red-brown to bright rusty-orange moth, the basal half of the forewings usually suffused with darker scales. The wings are crossed with prominent narrow dark median, postmedian and subterminal lines. The fringe is bright maroon red. The male and female genitalia are described and illustrated in McGuffin, 1967." 3/20/08 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6341-Habitat 6341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry shrubby clearings and edges 3/20/08 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6341-LifeCycle 6341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal. There is a single annual brood. Eggs hatch in about 6 days, and the larvae develop through at least 5 instars. The lavae hibernate for the winter in the fourth or fifth instar." 3/20/08 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6341-TrophicStrategy 6341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Reared in captivity with only partial success on Poygonum aviculare. 3/20/08 13:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6342-Distribution 6342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from northern Colorado north across Wyoming, western Montana and Idaho to the southern BC and extreme southwest Alberta. In Alberta it has been collected only in the area south of Crowsnest Pass, at Beaver Mines Lake." 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6342-GeneralDescription 6342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.3-2.4cm wingspan) broad-winged grey-brown moth. A continuous contrasting narrow dark median band and a narrower post-median line cross both sets of wings. The area beyond the postmedian line on the forewings is suffused with dark scales, in particular the upper two-thirds. The discal marks on all four wings are small or almost obsolete. Very similar to S. frigidaria except for the dark suffusion on the outer part of the forewings, which is diagnostic for siccata." 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6342-Habitat 6342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults have been collected in the dry eastern slopes in the mountains south of the Crowsnest Pass. 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6342-LifeCycle 6342 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Almost nothing is known 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6343-Cyclicity 6343 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There is a single brood, which is on the wing from July into September." 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6343-Distribution 6343 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Maritimes west to Alberta, south to Connecticut and Nebraska. In Alberta it has been collected throughout the parklands region, north to Barrhead and Redwater and south to Dinosaur Provincial Park. Hollow circles on the map are reliable records for which we have not seen specimens. \n\nS. includens are usually found associated with wet meadows and wetland edges." 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6343-GeneralDescription 6343 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly small (approx 2.5 cm wingspan) lightly built rusty orange-brown moth. The forewings are orange-brown, crossed near the outer edge by a straight pale postmedian band. The most prominent marking is the white reniform, shaped like an open ""C"" with a short white bar or pupil in the middle or above. The hindwings are rusty-grey, paler in the basal half and with a thin darker median line. Some specimens are more contrasting, with the area around the reniform and beyond the postmedian line darker brown than the rest of the forewing. The small size, orange-brown color and contrasting white c-shaped reniform combine to make this a fairly easy moth to recognize." 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6343-Habitat 6343 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat with wet meadows and wetland edges 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6343-LifeCycle 6343 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood, which is on the wing from July into September. The larvae are borers in the stems of some species of coarse grasses and sedges, including C. stricta. (Ferguson, 1954)" 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6343-TrophicStrategy 6343 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are borers in the stems of some species of coarse grasses and sedges, including C. stricta. (Ferguson, 1954)" 3/20/08 13:56 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6219-Cyclicity 6219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Males fly in Alberta from mid-July to late August, with most collected the last week of July." 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6219-Distribution 6219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Labrador to Alaska, north to the Arctic coast and south in the Rocky Mountains to Waterton. In Alberta it is fairly widespread at mid to high elevation coniferous forest and in the central and northern part of the boreal forest. It is found in coniferous woodlands." 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6219-GeneralDescription 6219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.2 – 4.0 cm wingspan) moth with grey forewings and light grey to dirty white hindwings. The antemedian and postmedian lines on the forewings are dentate and marked by both dark and white scales, but do not contrast or stand out strongly. The most prominent markings are the large round orbicular and boomerang shaped reniform spots; both are white with the center filled with grey scales. The terminal line and in some cases the subterminal line as well is comprised of a series of thin black wedges. Hindwings dirty white, with a faint discal spot, median band and dark terminal line. Antennae simple. Sexes similar but females with shorter narrow wings and are flightless. Most likely to be mistaken for X. perquiritata or X. speciosa, but they can be separated by the large round orbicular spot of lupa. The genitalia are very different than those of externally similar species and can usually be examined by brushing the scales from the tip of the abdomen. The valve of lupa in forked; in similar species it is pointed or rounded. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated by Lafontaine (1998)" 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6219-Habitat 6219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat coniferous woodlands 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6219-LifeCycle 6219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adult males are nocturnal and come to light traps; females are smaller and apparently flightless. The larvae and larval host(s) are unknown. Males fly in Alberta from mid-July to late August, with most collected the last week of July." 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6219-TrophicStrategy 6219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larval hosts unknown 2/13/08 15:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6220-Cyclicity 6220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adult have been collected in late July. 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6220-Distribution 6220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Xestia maculata occurs at high elevation in the mountains from southwestern YT south in the mountains in eastern BC and western AB to northern MT. It frequents open alpine habitats. 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6220-GeneralDescription 6220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (approximately 3 cm wingspan) strongly patterned grey and black diurnal moth. Forewings are black with light grey markings, producing a strongly patterned appearance. The basal and subterminal areas in particular are banded with pale grey, and the prominent round orbicular and the reniform spot are filled with the same pale color. The postmedian line is prominently dentate. Hindwings black with a light fringe. The strongly patterned appearance and lack of any brown color will separate it from other Alberta alpine noctuids." 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6220-Habitat 6220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat open alpine 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6220-LifeCycle 6220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very poorly known. Adults are diurnal. In Alberta adult have been collected in late July. The larva and host plant(s) are unknown. 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6220-TrophicStrategy 6220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The host plant(s) are unknown. 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6221-Cyclicity 6221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity adults from mid July through mid August 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6221-Distribution 6221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This is a boreal species, found from NFLD west to the Alberta foothills, north to the southern NWT and south to southern AB. It is found in open coniferous woodlands and boggy areas." 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6221-GeneralDescription 6221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approximately 3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) moth with grey-black forewings and pale grey hindwings. The forewings are crossed with narrow, contrasting white ""sawtoothed"" basal, antemedian and postmedian lines. The reniform and orbicular spots are white, but filled or almost filled with dark scales and appearing as white rings. The subterminal and terminal lines are indicated by black scales forming small spots, and the fringe is lightly checkered, The hindwings are light grey, faintly banded and with a darker grey discal mark and narrow dark terminal line. Sexes similar and antennae simple. Very similar to but usually smaller than X. speciosa, which is usually lighter grey, not blackish, and has less contrasting white lines. There are also differences in the genitalia of both sexes (see Lafontaine 1998 for descriptions and images). In the mountains it is difficult to separate from dark forms of speciosa; in the boreal region it is most like X. perquiritata, which lacks the dark scales filling most of the reniform spot." 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6221-Habitat 6221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat open coniferous woodlands and boggy areas. 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6221-LifeCycle 6221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, with adults from mid July through mid August. The larva is described by Lafontaine (1998), and has been reared in the lab on blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.) (Ericaceae)." 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6221-TrophicStrategy 6221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larva have been reared in the lab on blueberries (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.) 2/13/08 15:51 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6179-Distribution 6179 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across Canada from southern Quebec to the mountains, south in the east to Florida. As of this writing, it has been collected at three locations in eastern central Alberta; the Red Deer river valley at Dry Island Provincial Park and north of Jenner, and in the Battle River valley at Big Knife Provincial Park." 2/13/08 14:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6179-GeneralDescription 6179 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 1.5-2.0 cm wingspan) grey and rust-red geometrid. The overall color and pattern is fairly variable, but in most specimens the basal area is light grey-brown or rusty red, the median area is darker brick or purple red, and the outer third is lighter rusty red. The wings are crossed by variably expressed dark jagged or erratic median, postmedian and subterminal lines, the latter in particular frequently reduced to a series of spots or streaks. The hindwings are paler red brown with less developed dark cross lines. Sexes are similar except male antennae bipectinate, female simple. The small size and dark brick red banded pattern will separate Leptostales from all other Alberta geometrids" 2/13/08 14:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6179-Habitat 6179 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat They have been collected in dry shrubby areas and wooded edges along the floodplains of prairie rivers. 2/13/08 14:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6179-LifeCycle 6179 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "According to Handfield (1999) ferruminaria is diurnal, although all Alberta specimens have been collected at lights. There appears to be a single annual brood, with adults in spring, from late May through mid June. The larval host or hosts are unknown." 2/13/08 14:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6392-Distribution 6392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. Europe east across the southern USSR to Japan; widespread in the boreal forest of North America, south in the mountains in both the east and west." 4/28/08 11:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6392-GeneralDescription 6392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2.0 cm wingspan) moth with whitish or pale grey squared forewings and grey hindwings. Forewing markings variable, with dark grey or rust markings indicating the inverse costal triangle – usually reduced to dark spots on the costa and in particular the dark discal dash at the apex of the ""triangle"". A few small spots or dots of the same color elsewhere on the forewings, in particular in the basal area. There is a series of raised white scales that form an inverse arc across the forewings when forewings when at rest. The dirty white or pale grey forewings with the few dark markings on the forewing will help distinguish this little moth." 4/28/08 11:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6392-Habitat 6392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Likely occurs throughout the boreal forest, foothills and lower elevations of the mountains in AB, wherever birch is present." 4/28/08 11:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6392-LifeCycle 6392 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae are solitary leaf-rollers. The primary hosts are birches (Betula); also recorded from Viburnum and alder (Alnus). Adults in fall (late Aug. – early Oct.) and again in spring (mid Apr. – early June), apparently hibernating. Adults come to light." 4/28/08 11:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6182-Distribution 6182 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Common in eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to southeastern BC; south to Florida and Texas. There is a single Alberta record from the edge of the mountains at Seebe (Rindge, 1979; McGuffin, 1981)." 2/13/08 14:47 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6182-GeneralDescription 6182 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.5 – 2.3 cm wingspan) shiny white translucent diurnal moth. The dorsal surface is unmarked; the underside is also unmarked except for light grey or brown along the costa. Antennae simple in both sexes. Cabera variolata is very similar but larger and has a scattering of brownish scales on the wings; it is also not “silky”, and males have feathery bipectinate antennae. Both Rindge (1971) and McGuffin (1981) illustrate adults and genitalia of both sexes of vestaliata." 2/13/08 14:47 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6182-Habitat 6182 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Vestialis is found in xeric shrubby edges and woodlands. 2/13/08 14:47 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6182-LifeCycle 6182 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal. The larvae undergo 5 instars, with the adults flying in spring, after overwintering as pupae in the leaf litter or loose soil. Reported larval hosts include Prunus, Craetagus, Sorbus, Malus, Physocarpus, Viburnum and others with a decided preference for Rosaceae (Rindge, op. cit.; McGuffin, op. cit.). Wagner et al (2001) illustrate the larva in color." 2/13/08 14:47 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6183-ConservationStatus 6183 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon and local (?). 2/13/08 14:48 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6183-Cyclicity 6183 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July-September 2/13/08 14:48 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6183-Distribution 6183 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "TL: CAN; BC., Kaslo. Western North America, from the Rocky Mountains of Alberta and southeastern BC." 2/13/08 14:48 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6183-GeneralDescription 6183 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.6-4.0 cm. ws) moth. Thorax and FW dark blackish brown with a lighter brown area at the centre of the inner margin. Lines mostly indistinct; PM indicated by white dots at the veins, and the ST by a white powdering, preceded by black, which forms a distinct spot at the anal angle. Fringe with white specks at veins. Orbicular a linear black ellipse, open above; claviform also outlined in black; reniform black edged except above, with a double curved white mark on the outside, and a few white specks on costa. HW grey, shaded. The dark form of H. iris has a lighter collar. Superficially close to dark Apamea cogitata." 2/13/08 14:48 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6183-TrophicStrategy 6183 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy A specimen in the CNC was apparently reared from Wild Currant. 2/13/08 14:48 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23577-ConservationStatus 23577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23577-Cyclicity 23577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Early July to late August in Alberta, starting in late June elsewhere (Chapman & Lienk 1971)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23577-Distribution 23577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alberta to Nova Scotia, south to New Jersey, Nebraska, and North Dakota. In Alberta known mostly from the aspen parkland." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23577-GeneralDescription 23577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is bright orange with abundant fine yellow reticulation throughout. In females there is variably expressed thin slanted bands lacking reticulation in the antemedian, postmedian, and apical corner, in males these markings are dark purple. The hindwing is white to light orange in the femal and dark greyish in the male.\nIn the similar Sparganothis reticulatana the forewing is yellow with variable orange reticulation and there is a thin perpendicular line partially or completely connecting the antemedian and postmedian lines. \nAs the common name suggests, the larva is completely green except for a small black spot amongst the eyes and is closely similar to A. velutinana. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23577-Habitat 23577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Moderately common in the aspen parkland, especially where cherry shrubs are common." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23577-LifeCycle 23577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Eggs are laid on the upper surfaces of leaves in dull greyish yellow masses of about 50 eggs each. Larvae hibernate in a hibernaculum in the thrid instar and resume feeding on the buds in early spring. Later instars produce copious webbing on terminal shoots and rarely stray from it. Pupation occurs on the shelter and lasts up to two weeks. (Chapman & Lienk 1971) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23577-TrophicStrategy 23577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Hawthorns (Crataegus spp.), serviceberries (Amelanchier spp.), cherries (Prunus spp.), and apples (Malus spp.) are the main hosts of the larva (MacKay 1962)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6191-Distribution 6191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Most common in the west, but has a transcontinental distribution from NS west to coastal BC; north to southern YT and south to CA. Subspecies (?) ingravis was described from Calgary." 2/13/08 14:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6191-GeneralDescription 6191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized moth (wingspan approx. 3.5 cm with dark grey-black forewings with a wide contrasting pale grey or dirty white subterminal band, palest near the lower margin and with well-developed W-mark inwardly marked with 2-3 small black wedges. Basal area, reniform, orbicular and claviform spots large and paler grey than ground. Hindwings grey-brown, darker along the veins and on outer half. Antennae simple. Sexes similar. Male genitalia separated from other Papestra by the clavus noticeably protruding on at least one of the valves; female by the rectangular 7th sternite with little or no notch. Other Papestra are black, grey and white and lack the brown shades of quadrata." 2/13/08 14:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6191-Habitat 6191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Papestra quadrata is found throughout Alberta wherever trees occur, thus is rare and local in the Grasslands region." 2/13/08 14:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6191-LifeCycle 6191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, with adults in spring – early May through mid June, occasional at higher elevations into mid July." 2/13/08 14:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6191-TrophicStrategy 6191 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are solitary feeders on a wide range of trees and shrubs with willows, Buffaloberry (Shepherdia sp.), alder, Trembling aspen, Alpine larch, Lodgepole pine, Jack pine, Douglas fir, gooseberry, and Englemann spruce all reported (Prentice, 1963)." 2/13/08 14:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6090-Distribution 6090 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A Pacific northwestern species, found from coastal southern BC south to northern California, east and southeast to extreme southwestern Alberta and western Montana. In Alberta known from a single recent specimen from Waterton Lakes National Park." 6/21/07 14:01 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6090-GeneralDescription 6090 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) moth with red-brown thorax and forewings and dark grey-brown hindwings. The basal two-thirds of the forewings are red-brown, the outer third duller brown, in particular the wide slightly paler brown terminal band. The costa from base to reniform spot is pale contrasting yellow or yellow orange. The large orbicular and reniform spots are lighter brown and stand out. The elongate claviform and part of the basal line are outlined in light brown or yellow. Similar to pale specimens of P. exertistigma, but larger and redder." 6/21/07 14:01 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6090-Habitat 6090 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occurs in open woodland and meadows. 6/21/07 14:01 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6090-LifeCycle 6090 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The only Alberta specimen was collected August 31. The larvae (as P. insularis) is described by Crumb (1956). According to Lafontaine (1998) the larvae differ from that of P. exertistigma by “dark brown rather than white spiracles and the middorsal white line is not bordered by black lines as in exertistigma.” (Lafontaine, 1998)." 6/21/07 14:01 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6090-TrophicStrategy 6090 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae feed on grasses. 6/21/07 14:01 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5129-ConservationStatus 5129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but widespread species; no concerns. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5129-Cyclicity 5129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in June. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5129-Distribution 5129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Paranthrene robiniae is a western species closely related to the eastern P. tabaniformes (Rottemburg). It is found mainly in the mountains, from the Rocky Mountains west to the coast, south to the southwestern deserts and north to Alaska. There are several records from Edmonton and Calgary, as well as the Crownest Pass area." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5129-GeneralDescription 5129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large clearwing moth (2.7-4.0 cm wingspan) with the forewings mostly scaled with rusty olive brown scales and the hindwings hyaline. The head and thorax are dark, with yellow or orange markings. The first two or three abdominal segments are dark, with a single narrow yellow band, and the remainder are usually entirely yellow or rust-red. The forewings are mostly covered in scales, with an indistinct, broad oblique “discal mark”, and with a partially unscaled or very lightly scaled area just beyond, forming a light oblique stripe or streak. The legs are pale yellow or orange. All Alberta specimens seen are form perlucida (Busck), a much redder form than the nominate form. P. tabaniformes (Rottemburg) has been recorded from Manitoba and Saskatchewan, and should be watched for in eastern Alberta. It is similar is size to P. robiniae, but has a white front to the head (yellow or orange in robiniae) darker blackish and more heavily scaled forewings and a black abdomen with three or four narrow yellow bands." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5129-Habitat 5129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane and adjacent boreal deciduous woodland. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5129-LifeCycle 5129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "P. robiniae larvae bore in the exposed roots, stems and branches of poplar and willows, in particular in weakened or damaged smaller trees and low growing willows. They may also be destructive in ornamental plantings of birch. The mature larvae spend the second winter of their two-year life cycle in pupal chambers constructed in the upper part of their tunnels, with pupation occurring in spring and adults emerging in late spring and early summer." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5129-TrophicStrategy 5129 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Borers in poplars (Populus sp.), willows (Salix sp.) and occasionally in birch (Betula)." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6086-Distribution 6086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Oncocnemis extremis has a western distribution, from extreme southwestern Alberta and southern BC, south through WA and south to at least UT and CA. BC records of O. chorda (in ones, 1951) refer to O. extremis Sm., which was treated as a subspecies of chorda until recently (Troubridge and Crabo, [1999])." 6/21/07 13:59 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6086-GeneralDescription 6086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (approx. 3.5 cm wingspan) pale buff-brown moth. Forewings with a prominent basal and much finer postmedian line and with a broad diffuse dark terminal band. The basal third of the wing is suffused with a light dusting of blackish scales. Hindwings lighter brown, with the dark terminal band only continuing down from the forewings. Very similar to the larger O.chorda Grt., which has a much lighter median area and terminal band. Adults and genitalia of both species are illustrated in Troubridge & Crabo (1999)." 6/21/07 13:59 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6086-Habitat 6086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat They frequent dry open or semi-open habitat at low elevations in the mountains. The Alberta specimens were collected in open forest on a rocky south-facing slopes. 6/21/07 13:59 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6086-LifeCycle 6086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Almost nothing is known including the larva and larval hostplants. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood, which flies in late summer. The Alberta specimens (worn) were collected of August 14." 6/21/07 13:59 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6185-Distribution 6185 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, ranging from the mountains of southern Alberta west to BC and south at least to CO and CA. In Alberta it has been collected in the mountains at Banff and in Kananaskis Country." 2/13/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6185-GeneralDescription 6185 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.5 cm wingspan) dark greyish brown moth. Forewings dark greyish brown with the normal lines and spots finely outlined in black scales, the most prominent mark the dark filling between the reniform and orbicular spots. Hindwing tan with dark brown scales lining the veins, and forming a dark discal bar and a broad dark brown terminal band. Hindwing fringe white with a brown base. Antennae fikiform and sexes alike. Most likely to be mistaken for a species of Euxoa or Anarta, both of which have very different genitalia." 2/13/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6185-Habitat 6185 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It has been collected below and at treeline in semi-open areas. 2/13/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6185-LifeCycle 6185 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Almost nothing is known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, which flies in mid-late summer. Alberta specimens were collected July 27- August 16. The early stages and larval host(s) are unknown." 2/13/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6186-Distribution 6186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widely distributed but uncommon in the Pacific Northwest, east to the arid river valleys in the grasslands of southern and western Alberta (?)." 2/13/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6186-GeneralDescription 6186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description A medium-size (3.5-3.8 cm wingspan) dark grey moth with few strong markings. The forewings are dark grey with some black scaling aling the veins. It can be separated from riparia by the lack of white scales filling the claviform spot (grey filled and indistinct in major) and by the black streaks surrounded by white scales in the submarginal area in riparia (absent in major). 2/13/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6186-Habitat 6186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It is found in dry river valley bottoms associated with heavier soils, not in sandy areas (dunes and beaches) where it is replaced by closely related O. riparia." 2/13/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6186-LifeCycle 6186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Essentially nothing is known. The adults are nocturnal and have been collected in UV light traps. There is a single brood each year, with adults in late summer. Early stages and larval host plant(s) are unknown." 2/13/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6187-Distribution 6187 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from the mountains of southern Alberta and BC, south to ? There is a single record for Alberta, a Banff specimen collected in July (Bowman, 1951)." 2/13/08 14:49 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6187-GeneralDescription 6187 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth. The forewings are powdery and mottled dark blackish brown over a cream-white ground. The normal lones and spots are present, but not sharply outlined. The most prominent markings are the narrow whitish band along the distal side of the postmedian line and the pale fringe lightly checkered with dark scales at the veins. The hind wings are cream-white, suffused with dark brown on the basal half and a wide blackish terminal band. There is also a prominent discal bar and dark scales lining the veins between the dark basal and terminal areas. Antennae simple and sexes similar. The powdery dark brown forewings with the pale postmedian band should separate pudorata from all other Alberta Oncocnemis." 2/13/08 14:49 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6187-Habitat 6187 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Like most other Oncocnemis probably found in dry open or partly open habitats. 2/13/08 14:49 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6187-LifeCycle 6187 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Almost nothing is known. Adults are probably nocturnal and come to light. Like other Oncocnemis, it is single brooded, with adults in July and August (Jones, 1951; Bowman, 1951.). Nothing is known of the early stages or larval foodplants." 2/13/08 14:49 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25799-ConservationStatus 25799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, a major pest of apple in some areas." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25799-Cyclicity 25799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The adult is single brooded and flies throughout May in Alberta, while in southern areas it has two to four broods per year and flies from late April until September (Chapman & Lienk 1971)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25799-Distribution 25799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Florida and Texas. In Alberta known from the aspen parkland." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25799-GeneralDescription 25799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is variable and sexually dimorphic with females being considerably larger and usually darker overall. In the forewing of typical specimens the basal patch is filled with black in the lower half and surrounded by orange or orange and yellow shading. The median band is dark brown to brownish orange with a straight inner margin, except for a small rounded indentation above the middle in some specimens. The outer margin of the median band varies from nearly straight to bumpy. A brownish triangle or polygon is present on the costa near the apex and continues as an interrupted line towards the anal angle. The outermost part of the forewing is typically yellow and in most males this yellow continues through much of the rest of the wing. The hindwing is light to dark grey with a pale yellow apex.\nThe larva is green and unmarked (Chapman & Lienk 1971)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25799-Habitat 25799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Probably most common in urban settings with apple trees, also found in shrubby areas." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25799-LifeCycle 25799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species hibernates as a pupa inside a folded leaf on the ground. Eggs are laid on tree trunks, branches or foliage. The larva starts out creating a small silk shelter where it skeletonizes the underside of the leaf along the midvein. Later instars silk together two leaves, or a leaf to a fruit. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25799-TrophicStrategy 25799 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is polyphagous on the foliage and fruit of deciduous trees and shrubs, herbaceous plants, and rarely conifers. It can be a major pest of apple orchards. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25357-ConservationStatus 25357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Known from a single Alberta collection. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25357-Cyclicity 25357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25357-Distribution 25357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A New World species, generally distributed in the United States. Not reported from Alberta by Bowman (1951). A single specimen was collected at light at Tolman Bridge on August 9, 2002. It was determined by Dr. Brian Scholtens, who also provided helpful comments about the species." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25357-GeneralDescription 25357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large, yellowish-tan or clay colored Pyralid with a wingspan of 18-23 mm. The forewings are yellowish-tan and heavily shaded with dull rose and gray. A diagnostic character is the many alternating dark and light markings along the costal margin between the AM and PM lines. The hindwings are pale white. Aglossa caprealis is the same size but the forewings are dark luteous gray with little or no pinkish shading (Forbes 1923). Aglossa pinguinalis is larger, grayer and has darker hindwings. The members of this genus belong to the Family Pyralidae, Subfamily Pyralinae, Tribe Pyralini." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25357-Habitat 25357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The single collection was from a badland area. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25357-TrophicStrategy 25357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. Possibly a scavenger like Aglossa caprealis. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6194-Distribution 6194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to Vancouver Island and Alaska, south in the east to the northern states and in the west south in the mountains to at least New Mexico and California. In Canada apparently much more common in the west (Alberta and BC) than elsewhere (Prentice, 1963). In Alberta it occurs throughout the Boreal forest south into the northern fringe of the Aspen parklands, and throughout the mountains and foothills." 2/13/08 14:54 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6194-GeneralDescription 6194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.7–3.0 cm. wingspan) flimsy broad-winged moth. Forewings mottled light grey to black. There are dark patches adjacent to the costa, at the upper part of the basal band, in the apical area, and most prominent a large dark donut-shaped loop midway along the upper half of the wing, usually open at the costa. The normal lines are thin and incomplete, the postmedian line a series of horizontal loops. There is also a rather faint white looping subterminal line. The area in and around the dark median “donut” is partially filled and bordered with rust scales. Hindwings dirty white shading to light grey on the outer half, with small dark discal spots, a partial thin grey median line and a darker grey subterminal band, all rather diffuse. A thin broken black terminal line borders both wings. Sexes similar. There is considerable variability in how dark or light overall individual specimens are. The large dark open “loop” on the forewing is characteristic and should identify this species." 2/13/08 14:54 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6194-Habitat 6194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It frequents cool shaded woodland, mixedwood forest and wooded riparian edges." 2/13/08 14:54 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6194-LifeCycle 6194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but may also be active on occasion during the day. There appears to be a single annual brood in Alberta, with adults from mid-August through late September, peaking in mid-late August. A single record from mid June may indicate a small early brood." 2/13/08 14:54 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6194-TrophicStrategy 6194 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, with alder, willow and birch favored; also apple, Red osier dogwood and Douglas maple (1-3 records each) (Prentice, 1963)." 2/13/08 14:54 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6122-Distribution 6122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Abagrotis dodi is a rarely collected western species, described originally from Dod specimens from the head of Pine Creek, just southwest of Calgary. It has been collected from southern Yukon south to southern UT and CO and west to central NV and WA. In Alberta it has been collected from the Kootenay Plains south to the Kananaskis area. It is reported to fly in open conifer forest. The only recent Alberta collection is a series collected in sandy open montane at Whirlpool Point in the Kootenay Plains by Chris Schmidt in 2006. The open circles on the map are literature records from Lafontaine (op. cit.)" 7/6/07 13:38 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6122-GeneralDescription 6122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.4-2.5 cm wingspan) moth with dark brown forewings and dark sooty brown hindwings, with few obvious markings. The forewings may range in color from grey brown to red-brown, but Alberta specimens examined are dark (almost black) red-brown. Markings consist of the round black orbicular and vertical oblong black reniform spots, outlined with slightly lighter brown. And a close examination will also show some black scaling marking partial antemedian and postmedian lines, and lighter scales marking the subterminal line. Sexes are alike, with females sometimes a bit paler and with a heavier, broader abdomen. They fly with and are easy to mistake for A. placida. Abagrotis placida are larger and have a contrasting paler terminal band on the forewings and slightly paler hindwings. Questionable specimens can be identified by examining the genitalia. Female have a rounded bursa with a single large signa (more oblong with a much “fatter” vesica with a larger more prominent terminal cornutus than placida. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated in Lafontaine (1998)." 7/6/07 13:38 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6122-Habitat 6122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It is reported to fly in open conifer forest, and in sandy open montane." 7/6/07 13:38 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6122-LifeCycle 6122 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Almost nothing is known. In Alberta there is a single brood with adults in later summer. Adults are attracted to light. The earlier stages are unknown. 7/6/07 13:38 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6276-ConservationStatus 6276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown (Cane and Tepedino 2001). 2/25/08 11:27 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6276-Cyclicity 6276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flight periods of queens ranges from early April to late October; workers: early April to late September; males: early May to late September (Thorp et al., 1983)." 2/25/08 11:27 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6276-Distribution 6276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Western Nearctic region (Williams 1996). 2/25/08 11:27 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6276-GeneralDescription 6276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bombus mixtus belongs to the diverse subgenus Pyrobombus Dalla Torre which is characterized by a malar space of medium length but longer than its apical width and antennal flagellum 2.5 to 3x the length of the scape. The penis valves of the males are usually hook shaped (Thorp et al., 1983).\n\nAbdominal segment 3 of the large bodied B. mixtus is typically covered in black pile with reddish hair on the apical portion (Curry 1984; Franklin 1912). The remainder of the segments are yellow, cloudy yellow, or reddish yellow (Curry 1984; Franklin 1912). The pleura and the face are primarily yellow (Franklin 1912) and the mesonotum has an extensive amount of black pile between the wing bases but it does not form a distinct band (Curry 1984). There is large colour variation in males and they may look similar to B. edwardsii or B. sitkensis however, B. mixtus males have very distinct hair fringes on the inner faces of the antennal flagellomeres (Thorp et al. 1983). The malar space is as long as it is wide (Thorp et al., 1983). Body size and wingspan varies between castes: queens are 11 to 15 mm with wingspans of 27 to 31 mm, workers range between 7 to 11 mm with wingspans of 17 to 25 mm, and males are 8 to 11 mm with wingspans of 21 to 25 mm. Wings are lightly stained brown (Franklin 1912)." 2/25/08 11:27 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6276-Habitat 6276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Underground, surface or above ground nests in and above the tree line of mixed deciduous and coniferous forests (Hobbs 1967)." 2/25/08 11:27 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6276-LifeCycle 6276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Bombus mixtus has an annual colony cycle. Queens emerge in early April from shallow hibernacula dug into the soil to forage and find suitable nest sites, often in abandoned mouse or bird nests. Pollen is collected and manipulated by the founding queen into a ball. Eggs are laid in vertical rows on the top of the ball and covered over with pollen and wax. A nectar pot previously constructed allows the queen to feed while incubating the brood clump at 30-32° C. Larvae hatch after 4-5 days and begin to feed on the pollen mass. The queen continues foraging and regurgitates nectar to the larvae through openings on the top of the brood cells. After 4 molts, larvae spin loose silk cocoons and pupate. The queen now lays a second and third batch of eggs on top of the pupal cocoons using the pollen and wax from the first batch. Female workers emerge 4-5 weeks after the first eggs are laid and take over foraging and nest construction activities. The queen now exclusively constructs egg cells and lays eggs. As the colony expands upwards and outwards and workers increase in number, fertilized eggs become young queens and males emerge from unfertilized eggs. Caste differences are physiological and large numbers of workers are able to provide the food necessary to rear queens. Males are often produced before the new queens and will leave the colony almost immediately after emergence. Young queens may perform both nest and foraging duties prior to mating. Both sexes mate multiple times. Males will mount the queens in the air and continue coitus for several minutes on a nearby surface until kicked off by the female. Once mated, queens prepare for hibernation by eating and increasing vital fat body reserves. The colony declines in late October; workers, males, and the original queen die. The newly mated queens overwinter in small cells in the soil in preparation for spring. (Adapted from Alford 1975 and Thorp et al., 1983)." 2/25/08 11:27 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6276-TrophicStrategy 6276 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polylectic, adults consume nectar and pollen from a variety of genera such as Ceanothus, Lupinus, and Rhododendron and are associated primarily with 6 different plant families in California (Thorp et al., 1983)" 2/25/08 11:27 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6319-Distribution 6319 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Abagrotis scopeopsis a western species, ranging from southern BC south through western MT, ID, UT and NV to southern CA. The only record from east of the mountains appears to be a single female collected at Dinosaur Provincial Park. The Alberta specimen was collected in arid eroded badlands of the Research Reserve in the park." 3/19/08 14:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6319-GeneralDescription 6319 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx.3.6 cm wingspan) moth with dark brown forewings liberally mixed with lighter brown and dull black scales. The normal lines are almost obsolete, faintly indicated by lighter scales with the AM line partially bordered by scattered black scales. The orbicular and reniform spots are filled with a mix of dark brown and black scales, and narrowly outlined with pale scales. The most prominent marking is the contrasting prominent pale blue-grey or grey terminal band, followed by a thin scalloped dark line and dark brown and black fringe. The hindwings are solid dark sooty brown with a light tan fringe. Similar to A. variata, which is slightly larger and lacks the pale outline around the spots. Some specimens of Abagrotis placida are superficially very similar, but most specimens can be recognized by their paler brown hindwings, which show a contrasting dark discal mark. Questionable specimens can be identified by examining the genitalia. Adults and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated in Lafontaine (1998). In addition to other characters scopeops has a large ovate bursa with a single signa; placida has a more elongate bursa with a second signa. The adult and genitalia illustrated here are of the Alberta specimen." 3/19/08 14:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6319-LifeCycle 6319 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is likely a single brood, with adults in the early fall; the Alberta specimen, collected September 4, 2005, was fresh. The early stages and larval hosts are unknown." 3/19/08 14:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6321-ConservationStatus 6321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Fairly widespread but uncommon. 3/19/08 14:21 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6321-Distribution 6321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "NS west to the AB foothills; south to GA and KS. Primarily a south-eastern species, occurring north and west to the prairies and parklands of southern AB.." 3/19/08 14:21 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6321-GeneralDescription 6321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-3.8 cm.ws) clear grey moth with fine black markings of \nthe FW and shining white HW. The grey FW is crossed by a fine black basal line, a thicker black AM and a thinner, broken PM line. The wedge-shaped claviform, the orbicular and reniform spots are paler, and outlined in black scales. Also a small dark patch on mid-costa and near the apex, and a short thin black dash in the anal angle. HW shining white, with some darker scales along the veins and the outer margin. Sexes similar, except male antennae bipectinate, female simple." 3/19/08 14:21 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6321-TrophicStrategy 6321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Reported hosts include ash (Fraxinus sp.), Fringe-tree, and Feverwort. In the eastern part of our region native Green ash is the likely host, but elsewhere in AB it may use ash plantings, or another as yet to be identified tree. In the American southeast, Fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus) is the favored host, hence both the common and Latin names." 3/19/08 14:21 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5293-Distribution 5293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Agrotis obliqua is a widespread moth, found from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island, and from Churchill to southern Arizona." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5293-GeneralDescription 5293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth (forewing length about 35 mm) with dark blackish brown or reddish brown forewings crossed by darker antemedian and postmedian lines. The hindwings are dark brown. It can be separated from the very similar A. vancouverensis by the elongate hollow basal dash and claviform streak filled with brown scales (black filled in vancouverensis). It is also similar to and difficult to separate from Agrotis volubilis. Males of volubilis have pale whitish wings while those of obliqua are dark. Many specimens of vancouverensis and obliqua are difficult to separate, and are frequently found misidentified in collections" 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5293-Habitat 5293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta is most common in the wooded parts of the parklands and foothills, but also can be found throughout the boreal forest and in wooded valleys in the grasslands region." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5293-LifeCycle 5293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Although this is not an uncommon moth, the life history is poorly known. The immature stages and host plants are unknown. There is a single annual brood with adults in the spring and early summer." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6123-ConservationStatus 6123 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread and fairly common. 7/6/07 13:40 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6123-Cyclicity 6123 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flies May-July. 7/6/07 13:40 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6123-Distribution 6123 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Across southern Canada to the BC coast; south. 7/6/07 13:40 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6123-GeneralDescription 6123 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized ( 3.5-4 cm. ws) broad-winged dagger-moth with pale grey-brown or tan forewings and shining white hindwings. The markings on the forewings are greatly reduced; only the postmedian line is complete, with the others only indicated by dark spots on the costa. The postmedian line is made up of three outward arcs, partially lined on the distal side by dark scales and on the proximal side by pale ones. The reniform is partially outlined with dark scales in a crescent. The terminal line is comprised of a series of fine dots between the veins. The hindwings are white, with the discal spot and veins faintly marked with darker scales. Sexes similar, the female slightly larger and with darker hindwings. Other Alberta dagger-moths are either darker grey or chalky white (A. vulpina)." 7/6/07 13:40 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6123-Habitat 6123 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodlands; Common in plantings of birch and poplar in urban areas 7/6/07 13:40 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6123-TrophicStrategy 6123 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "White and Yellow birch (Betula papyrifera and B. alleghaniensis), Poplars (Populus tremuloides and P. balsamifera), speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), willow (Salix sp.), and pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanicus)." 7/6/07 13:40 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6286-ConservationStatus 6286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Chrysops noctifer has the most restricted range of all the western deerflies, but is not considered threatened or in need of conservation." 2/27/08 9:37 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6286-Cyclicity 6286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Chrysops noctifer has a very broad flight period, from late April to early September, but the peak period is July." 2/27/08 9:37 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6286-Distribution 6286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western montane species, extending down the Rocky Mountains from the Yukon Territory south through British Columbia and western Alberta into California and as far south as Colorado (Teskey 1990)." 2/27/08 9:37 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6286-GeneralDescription 6286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Females are 8-11 mm in length and very dark. On the head, the frons is slightly broader than high, and very glossy black; the antennae are black, with reddish hints; the clypeus and gena are glossy black, the clypeus with a median pruinose stripe extending half its length (Teskey 1990). The thorax is not striped, but is subglossy black with black and pale hairs together; the pleura are grayish, with white hair; the legs are black; the wings have a dilute apical spot separated from the crossband (Teskey 1990).\n\nThe males are similar to the females, but even blacker; most abdominal and thoracic hairs are black (Teskey 1990).\n\nThe combination of dark coloration and the dilute apical infuscation (pigmentation) separate from the crossband of the wing make this deerfly unmistakable (Teskey 1990)." 2/27/08 9:37 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6286-Habitat 6286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Montane habitats with mineral soils and moderate organic matter, such as the margins of beaver ponds and shallow, slow-moving streams (Teskey, 1985)." 2/27/08 9:37 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6286-LifeCycle 6286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Little is known of the life history of C. noctifer. 2/27/08 9:37 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6286-TrophicStrategy 6286 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nothing is known of the dietary habits of the larvae of C. noctifer; the adults are presumed to subsist primarily on flower nectar, as most tabanids do." 2/27/08 9:37 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6277-ConservationStatus 6277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Widespread and common. White et al. (1985) report that it was by far the most common deerfly caught over a two-year period in northern New York State, comprising over 40% of all Chrysops spp. individuals." 2/25/08 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6277-Cyclicity 6277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Throughout most of its largely boreal range, C. ater is found from mid May through early July, with June being the month of peak activity (Teskey 1990); in northern New York State, C. ater can be collected from late May through early July, with June being the month of peak activity (White et al. 1985); in southwestern Quebec, C. ater can be found only from late May through mid June (Leprince et al. 1983)." 2/25/08 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6277-Distribution 6277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Chrysops ater is found transcontinentally in boreal North America, with range extensions south to West Virginia in the east and Utah and Colorado in the west." 2/25/08 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6277-GeneralDescription 6277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Females are predominantly black. Teskey (1990) describes the characters as follows: on the head, the frontal callus and a large area around the ocelli are glossy black; the antennae are slender, and the scape and a portion of the pedicel are yellowish; the clypeus has a median grey pruinose (powdery) stripe half its length; the palpi are black. On the thorax, the the hairs are largely pale and the scutum has a single, broad, gray longitudinal stripe; in keeping with the body, the wings are darkly pigmented in all but the apical quarter of the basal cells, and in the crossband. The abdomen has white hairs on the sternites and most of the tergites; tergite 1 has an inverted ""V"" of black hair, and tergites 2-3 have lateral patches of black hairs.\n\nMales are similar to females, except smaller and the hairs on the head, thorax, and abdominal tergites 1-3 are black at the base. \n\nTeskey (1990) elevated C. ater from a subspecies of C. carbonarius to full species rank on the basis of several consistent morphological differences, the principal adult difference being the the less well-defined dark crossband of the wing in C. ater as compared to C. carbonarius: in C. ater the band does not reach the posterior margin of the wing, or only does so narrowly." 2/25/08 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6277-Habitat 6277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Larvae are usually collected in mud or silt from slow-moving streams with high levels of organic matter (Teskey 1969). 2/25/08 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6277-LifeCycle 6277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Not much is known of C. ater specifically. It seems, however, that C. ater is an unusually active and robust flier: White et al. (1985) studied the dispersal of various Chrysops species in northern New York State, and found that C. ater dispersed the farthest: some individuals were recaptured up to 7 km from the site of release. The minimum dispersal rate for the species was calculated to be 1.5 km/h, easily the highest among all the Chrysops studied. \n\nChrysops ater is a facultatively autogenic species, that is, females may or may not require a blood meal in order to generate a brood. Lake and Burger (1980) found that females of C. ater in northern New England were autogenous (not requiring a blood meal for egg production), whereas Magnarelli (1976) found that in eastern New York State, 94% of females were anautogenous (requiring a blood meal for egg production). Combined with the observation of Thomas (1972) that autogenic females of several Chrysops spp. have more than three times the amount of lipids as a percent of dry body weight than anautogenous females, the inference is that autogenic egg production is dependent upon the amount of nutrients the females are able to store from their larval stage: when nutrient reserves are low, the females are forced to take a blood meal in order to produce a brood (Lake and Burger, 1980)." 2/25/08 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6277-TrophicStrategy 6277 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nothing is known of the dietary habits of the larvae. Adults are presumed to feed upon flower nectar and aphid honeydew, as tabanids are known to do." 2/25/08 13:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6384-Distribution 6384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Newfoundland west to BC. Southern limits are difficult to determine as it has only recently been recognized as a separate species. We have no records from the foothills or mountains. Apparently absent from the foothills and mountains. 4/3/08 8:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6384-GeneralDescription 6384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather small (2.2 – 2.7 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth. The forewing is marbled with yellow-brown, red-brown and dark grey-brown. Both the antemedian and postmedian lines are doubled, outlined in dark and filled with pale scales. Orbicular round, yellow-brown, reniform large and filled with light grey or brown with a prominent dark spot on the dorsal side. Terminal area and fringe dark brown, almost black. Hind wings light grey-brown, darkening toward the outer margin, with light brown fringe. Head and collar dark brown, contrasting with lighter thorax and tegulae. Sexes similar." 4/3/08 8:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6384-Habitat 6384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta it has been collected widely in the boreal forest and parklands regions, south in the grasslands along wooded river valleys." 4/3/08 8:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6384-LifeCycle 6384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light, and there is a single annual brood in Alberta. Adults fly mainly in late May and June Box Elder (Acer negundo) has been reported as a host for E. festivoides, a record that likely actually refers to alapallida." 4/3/08 8:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6124-ConservationStatus 6124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local and rarely collected. 7/6/07 13:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6124-Cyclicity 6124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 7/6/07 13:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6124-Distribution 6124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. In North America it has a northern distribution, occurring from AK and YT to Labrador; south to Northern MB and BC, and in the Rocky Mountains to southern AB. In Alberta it has been collected in the mountains from just north of Calgary to the Grande Cache area." 7/6/07 13:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6124-GeneralDescription 6124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (4.0 - 4.6 cm. wingspan) light brown to purple-grey moth with dark markings. Veins in median area whitish. Lines single, black. AM line broken and dentate, when visible below anal vein, looping far out. PM line a row of spots, ST of blackish wedges. Spots normal, black outlined, the orbicular sometimes and reniform usually filled.with dark scales. Claviform a short black bar, long loop or wedge. Hindwings pale brown. Antennae subpectinate on one side of shaft, serrate on other. Sexes similar." 7/6/07 13:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6124-Habitat 6124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal forest and wet shrubby tundra. 7/6/07 13:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6124-TrophicStrategy 6124 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy unknown. 7/6/07 13:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5296-Distribution 5296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Agrotis stigmosa is an eastern species, occurring from New England west to Colorado, the Dakotas and eastern Alberta. In Alberta is has been collected in the area east and south of Edmonton." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5296-GeneralDescription 5296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth (forewing length about 36 mm) but one of the larger species of Agrotis. The forewings are pale yellowish grey or tan with dark blackish or reddish brown along the leading edge. The antemedian and postmedian cross lines are essentially obsolete, indicated by a few dark scales only. The claviform, reniform and orbicular spots are also less prominent and partially lined with lighter scales. The hindwings are dark brown. The predominantly pale forewings will separate stigmosa from other species of Agrotis. Most likely to be confused with Agrotis volubilis, which flies at the same time. Agrotis volubilis has dark forewings and pale hindwings; this pattern is reversed in stigmosa." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5296-Habitat 5296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Usually in open xeric areas with lighter soils or sand. 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5296-LifeCycle 5296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Agrotis stigmosa is single brooded with adults in Alberta from mid May through mid-June. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae are described by Lafontaine (2004). Larvae have been reared on Yarrow (Achillea sp.) but like other Agrotis, they are likely generalists on low-growing herbs." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5297-Cyclicity 5297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults in late spring and early summer, with the main flight in June" 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5297-Distribution 5297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Agrotis vancouverensis has a western distribution, and is absent from most of the Great Plains and Great Basin regions. In Alberta is has been collected widely in the parklands, foothills and mountains, and in wooded parts of the grasslands region." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5297-GeneralDescription 5297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth (forewing length about 33 mm) with light and dark reddish brown forewings. The subterminal area in particular is usually lighter brown, and is crossed by poorly defined jagged light and dark lines. The orbicular and reniform spots are well defined, with the area before and between them blackish. The basal dash-claviform spot is prominent and filled with black scales. Hidwings brown. Very similar to and often confused with A. obliqua, which is slightly larger, darker, and less streaky appearing. Specimens of vancouverensis and obliqua are difficult to separate, and are frequently found misidentified in collections." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5297-LifeCycle 5297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Agrotis vancouverensis is single brooded, with adults in late spring and early summer, with the main flight in June. They are nocturnal and come to light. The larva is described by both Crumb (1956) and Lafontaine (2004)." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5297-TrophicStrategy 5297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae have been collected on both strawberry and clover, and are likely generalists on low growing herbs." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6385-ConservationStatus 6385 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread and fairly common moth; no concerns. 4/3/08 8:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6385-Cyclicity 6385 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults are on the wing in August and early September. 4/3/08 8:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6385-Distribution 6385 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Boreal America, from Newfoundland west to Yukon, Alaska and Vancouver Island; south to at least Montana. In Alberta it is found throughout the southern Boreal forest, foothills and lower elevations in the mountains, as well as in parts of the aspen parklands. Populations from MB west have been named subspecies albertina." 4/3/08 8:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6385-GeneralDescription 6385 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (2.8-3.4 cm wingspan) grey moth with black and white markings. The forewings have a short black basal dash, bordered on the upper side with a pale line that usually meets the lower antemedian line and joins it to form a curved doubled loop to the lower margin. The orbicular and reniform spots are large and filled with pale scales, and the area between the two spots is usually filled with darker scales. The postmedian line is sinuous and made up of a series of pale crescents between the veins, bordered on the lower end with dark scales basad and pale scales distad. The fringes are grey, lightly checkered with pale scales marking the veins. Hindwings are grey, lighter towards the base, and the fringes are not checkered. The antennae are simple, and sexes are alike. The overall color of specimens ranges from almost black to pale pearl grey, with paler specimens (""jocasta"") in drier habitats and darker ones in more mesic ones." 4/3/08 8:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6385-Habitat 6385 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forest and edges. 4/3/08 8:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6385-LifeCycle 6385 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Little is known. Adults are single brooded, with a fall flight, and are attracted to light." 4/3/08 8:26 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6386-Distribution 6386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Trancontinental, from Newfoundland to western BC, north to Alaks and subarctic Alberta, south to New England and New York. In Alberta it has been collected sparingly from the Caribou Mountains and foothills south to the Battle River." 4/3/08 8:29 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6386-GeneralDescription 6386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.4-1.8 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth. The wings are crossed by a fairly wide orange-maroon basal and subterminal bands. The orbicular is a large, blackish spot joinde to the costa via a thick bar of the same color. The hindwings are crossedf by a number of narrow, parallel partial bines, and there is a pronminent dark discal mark. Very similar to but slightly smaller than E. mutata. Positive identification can be made by examining the genitalia (see Bolte, 1990 for keys, descripions of unique characters, and illustrations of the adults and genitalia of both sexes)." 4/3/08 8:29 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6386-LifeCycle 6386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae are borers in the cones of coniferous tress,mainly White spruce (Picea glauca) but also Engleman spruce, Doulas fir, Balsam fir, Red pine Jack pine. There is a single annal brood, with adults in July and August. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. Hibernated in the pupal stage." 4/3/08 8:29 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6235-ConservationStatus 6235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare in Alberta, but probably of no concern." 2/14/08 9:05 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6235-Cyclicity 6235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 2/14/08 9:05 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6235-Distribution 6235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution A North American species known primarily from the northeastern United States and adjoining Canada west to British Columbia. Prentice et al. (1965) mapped its Canadian distribution. Reported in Alberta from Area 10 (Edmonton) by Bowman (1951) as Herculia thymetusalis. It has since been found in a number of other locations. 2/14/08 9:05 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6235-GeneralDescription 6235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rose to violet colored pyralid moth with AM and PM lines enlarged into triangular, yellow costal patches. Wingspan 22 mm. There is a narrow, yellow fringe. Similar to Hypsopygia costalis and Dolichomia olinalis. Distinguished from the former which has a 13-18 mm wingspan and a wide, yellow fringe; and from the latter which has a darker ground color and has a violet fringe." 2/14/08 9:05 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6235-Habitat 6235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded areas. 2/14/08 9:05 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6235-LifeCycle 6235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle A solitary leaf roller (Prentice 1965). 2/14/08 9:05 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6235-TrophicStrategy 6235 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Primarily spruce (Prentice 1965). 2/14/08 9:05 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22988-ConservationStatus 22988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22988-Cyclicity 22988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to mid August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22988-Distribution 22988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California, Texas, and North Carolina." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22988-GeneralDescription 22988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is olive-brown with darker olive brown markings. The median line is usually obscured in the middle of the wing, and the triangular patch on the costa just before the apex is usually very prominent. The hindwing varies from light grey to white.\nThis species has a costal fold in the male, which coupled with the obscured median band, and olive-brown colour will separate it from C. peritana." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22988-Habitat 22988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in a variety of habitats, most common in shrubby open areas or aspen parkland." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22988-TrophicStrategy 22988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larva feeds on a variety of species in the Rose Family (Rosaceae). (Razowski 1979) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30637-ConservationStatus 30637 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30637-Cyclicity 30637 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Early July to mid August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30637-Distribution 30637 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Colorado, Illinois, and Maine." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30637-GeneralDescription 30637 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing varies from light to dark brown with prominent dark brown markings. The basal, median and upper postmedian lines are distinct and sharply defined with pale edging. The hindwing is light to dark grey.\nThe larva is inseperable from the other species in this genus. (MacKay 1962)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30637-Habitat 30637 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous forests and shrubby areas. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30637-TrophicStrategy 30637 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy A variety of deciduous trees and shrubs. (Freeman 1958) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30220-ConservationStatus 30220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species has a restricted range in Alberta, but is widespread and common to the west and south and can be a pest on apple in Washington State. (Curkovic, et al. 2006)" 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30220-Cyclicity 30220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid August, as early as early July elsewhere." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30220-Distribution 30220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout the western mountains from British Columbia south to California, east to Alberta and Utah, In Alberta known from Waterton Lakes N. P. and Raymond." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30220-GeneralDescription 30220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing varies from light to dark brown with prominent dark brown markings. The basal, median and upper postmedian lines are distinct and sharply defined with pale edging. The hindwing is white.\nThe larva is indistinguishable from other species in this genus (MacKay 1962)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30220-Habitat 30220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Most forested habitats with deciduous trees and shrubs. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30220-LifeCycle 30220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females call for males with pheromones and the males respond by wing fanning, locating the female, meeting her head to head, curling the abdomen and engaging the genitalia. If successful they mate end to end. (Curkovic, et al. 2006)" 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30220-TrophicStrategy 30220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Recorded from Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) and on apple (Malus sp.), but probably is a generalist on deciduous trees and shrubs (Curkovic, et al. 2006; Mackay 1962)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6273-ConservationStatus 6273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown (Cane and Tepedino 2001). 2/25/08 10:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6273-Cyclicity 6273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flight period of queens ranges from late April to early September; workers: early May to early September; males: early May to early October (Thorp et al., 1983)." 2/25/08 10:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6273-Distribution 6273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Western Nearctic region (Williams 1996). 2/25/08 10:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6273-GeneralDescription 6273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bombus centralis belongs to the diverse subgenus Pyrobombus Dalla Torre which is characterized by a malar space of medium length but longer than its apical width and antennal flagellum 2.5 to 3x the length of the scape. The penis valves of the males are usually hook shaped (Thorp et al., 1983).\n\nBombus centralis has a large, densely yellow haired body with a distinct black band between the bases of the wings. Females have reddish-orange pile on third and fourth abdominal segments (Curry 1984) while males have reddish pile on abdominal segments 3 thru 5 (Thorp et al. 1983). Pile at the base of the legs is often light (Franklin 1912). Body size and wingspan varies between castes: queens are 12.5 to 16 mm with wingspans of 29 to 33 mm, workers range between 9.5 to 12.5 mm with wingspans of 23 to 28 mm, and males are 10 to 13 mm with wingspans of 22 to 29 mm. Wings are lightly stained brown in all castes (Franklin 1912). Male genitalia are similar to B. flavifrons with smoothly rounded, sickle shaped penis valves, narrow valsellae and a weakly trilobate sternite 8 that is apically membraneous (Thorp et al. 1983, Franklin 1912)." 2/25/08 10:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6273-Habitat 6273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Underground nests in mixed prairie or treed river valley habitats where Bromus, Poa, Populus, and Festuca predominate (Hobbs 1967)." 2/25/08 10:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6273-LifeCycle 6273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Bombus centralis has an annual colony cycle. Queens emerge in late April from shallow hibernacula dug into the soil to forage and find suitable nest sites, often in abandoned mouse nests. Pollen is collected and manipulated by the founding queen into a ball. Eggs are laid in vertical rows on the top of the ball and covered over with pollen and wax. A nectar pot previously constructed allows the queen to feed while incubating the brood clump at 30-32° C. Larvae hatch after 4-5 days and begin to feed on the pollen mass. The queen continues foraging and regurgitates nectar to the larvae through openings on the top of the brood cells. After 4 molts, larvae spin loose silk cocoons and pupate. The queen now lays a second and third batch of eggs on top of the pupal cocoons using the pollen and wax from the first batch. Female workers emerge 4-5 weeks after the first eggs are laid and take over foraging and nest construction activities. The queen now exclusively constructs egg cells and lays eggs. As the colony expands upwards and outwards and workers increase in number, fertilized eggs become young queens and males emerge from unfertilized eggs. Caste differences are physiological and large numbers of workers are able to provide the food necessary to rear queens. Males are often produced before the new queens and will leave the colony almost immediately after emergence. Young queens may perform both nest and foraging duties prior to mating. Both sexes mate multiple times. Males will mount the queens in the air and continue coitus for several minutes on a nearby surface until kicked off by the female. Once mated, queens prepare for hibernation by eating and increasing vital fat body reserves. The colony declines in early September; workers, males, and the original queen die. The newly mated queens overwinter in small cells in the soil in preparation for spring. (Adapted from Alford 1975 and Thorp et al., 1983)." 2/25/08 10:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6273-TrophicStrategy 6273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polylectic, adults consume nectar and pollen from a variety of 61 plant families, primarily Compositae, Leguminosae, and Labiatae in California with Chrysothamnus, Cirsium, and Monardella receiving the most visits (Thorp et al., 1983)." 2/25/08 10:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6274-ConservationStatus 6274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown (Cane and Tepedino 2001). 2/25/08 11:10 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6274-Cyclicity 6274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight period of queens ranges from late March to late August; workers: late April to late September; males: late May to late September (Thorp et al. 1983). 2/25/08 11:10 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6274-Distribution 6274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Western Nearctic region (Williams 1996). 2/25/08 11:10 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6274-GeneralDescription 6274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bombus flavifrons belongs to the diverse subgenus Pyrobombus Dalla Torre which is characterized by a malar space of medium length but longer than its apical width and antennal flagellum 2.5 to 3x the length of the scape. The penis valves of the males are usually hook shaped (Thorp et al., 1983).\n\nThe robust body of B. flavifrons is densely covered in coarse yellow and black pile. The face and head are primarily yellow (Franklin 1912) and mixed with black on the anterior scutum (Thorp et al. 1983). Abdominal segments 3 and 4 are typically black but males may have yellow pile and females, reddish pile on the apical portion (Thorp et al. 1983). Pile at the base of the legs is light and the wings subhyaline (Franklin 1912). Body size and wingspan varies between castes: queens are 13 to 16 mm with wingspans of 27 to 34 mm, workers range between 9 to 12 mm with wingspans of 19 to 27 mm, and males are 11 to 12 mm with wingspans of 25 to 26 mm (Franklin 1912). The male genitalia is very similar to B. centralis with smoothly rounded, sickle shaped penis valves, narrow valsellae and a weakly trilobate sternite 8 that is apically membraneous (Thorp et al. 1983, Franklin 1912)." 2/25/08 11:10 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6274-Habitat 6274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Concealed, underground nests in mixed deciduous and coniferous forests (Hobbs 1967)." 2/25/08 11:10 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6274-LifeCycle 6274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Bombus flavifrons has an annual colony cycle. Queens emerge in late March from shallow hibernacula dug into the soil to forage and find suitable nest sites, often in abandoned mouse nests. Pollen is collected and manipulated by the founding queen into a ball. Eggs are laid in vertical rows on the top of the ball and covered over with pollen and wax. A nectar pot previously constructed allows the queen to feed while incubating the brood clump at 30-32° C. Larvae hatch after 4-5 days and begin to feed on the pollen mass. The queen continues foraging and regurgitates nectar to the larvae through openings on the top of the brood cells. After 4 molts, larvae spin loose silk cocoons and pupate. The queen now lays a second and third batch of eggs on top of the pupal cocoons using the pollen and wax from the first batch. Female workers emerge 4-5 weeks after the first eggs are laid and take over foraging and nest construction activities. The queen now exclusively constructs egg cells and lays eggs. As the colony expands upwards and outwards and workers increase in number, fertilized eggs become young queens and males emerge from unfertilized eggs. Caste differences are physiological and large numbers of workers are able to provide the food necessary to rear queens. Males are often produced before the new queens and will leave the colony almost immediately after emergence. Young queens may perform both nest and foraging duties prior to mating. Both sexes mate multiple times. Males will mount the queens in the air and continue coitus for several minutes on a nearby surface until kicked off by the female. Once mated, queens prepare for hibernation by eating and increasing vital fat body reserves. The colony declines in late August; workers, males, and the original queen die. The newly mated queens overwinter in small cells in the soil in preparation for spring. (Adapted from Alford 1975 and Thorp et al., 1983)" 2/25/08 11:10 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6274-TrophicStrategy 6274 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polylectic, adults consume nectar and pollen from a variety of 61 plant families, primarily Compositae, Leguminosae, Saxifragaceae, and Labiatae in California with Cirsium, Epilobium, and Mentha receiving the most visits (Thorp et al., 1983)." 2/25/08 11:10 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6100-ConservationStatus 6100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon species; but no obvious concerns. 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6100-Cyclicity 6100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid June through mid July. 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6100-Distribution 6100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern Arizona and New Mexico north to the Peace River area of west central Alberta, east to southwestern Saskatchewan and western North Dakota. In Alberta it has been collected in locally from the southern foothills north in the Red Deer River valley to Tolman Bridge Recreation area east of Trochu. There is a disjunct population in the Peace River district." 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6100-GeneralDescription 6100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A robust medium-size moth (3.9-4.5 cm wingspan) with pale buff-grey forewings with few prominent markings. Markings are more or less confined to a black basal dash and some scattered black scaling below the sinuous light line defining the lower part of the orbicular and the reniform spots. The antemedian line and in particular the scalloped postmedian line and the veins extending from it to the wing margin are usually lightly lined with dark scales. There is also a small patch of dark scales on the margin between each pair of vein, and the fringe is very faintly checkered. The hindwings are white, shading to light grey near the margin in most specimens. Some specimens, especially when very fresh, may be darker grey and better marked, but most seen have been very washed-out looking. The early stages are unknown." 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6100-Habitat 6100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Badlands; arid native grasslands and slopes along drainages. 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6100-LifeCycle 6100 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. The immature stages are unknown. 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6198-Distribution 6198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Schinia roseitincta occurs from southeastern Manitoba and the Black Hills of South Dakota west to southeastern Alberta, Montana, Colorado, Utah and New Mexico. The only Alberta record is a single fresh specimen collected by Ted Pike in the Red Deer River valley north of Jenner (east of Jenner Bridge)." 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6198-GeneralDescription 6198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description A small (approx. 2 cm wingspan) moth with maroon and dark olive forewings and dark scarlet hindwings with a broad black marginal band. The scarlet and black hindwings will separate roseitincta from all other Alberta Schinia. 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6198-Habitat 6198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid grasslands and badlands. 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6198-LifeCycle 6198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This little moth is unusual in that it is active night and day, as are also a few other Schinia species, such as the green Schinia meadi, and some species of Drasteria and Caenurgina. Chuck Harp (pers. comm. 2006) reports that roseitincta is associated with Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursch) Greene (aka stemless four-nerve-daisy, stemless hymenoxys, or rubberweed), the probable host plant . Like other Schinia species, it undoubtedly feeds on the flowering parts and seeds of the host plant, and is thus single brooded with a flight period closely linked to the chronology of the host. The Alberta specimen was collected on the night of June 2, 2006." 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6103-ConservationStatus 6103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon in Alberta, but a widespread species. No reason for concern." 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6103-Cyclicity 6103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta specimen was collected on July 20. 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6103-Distribution 6103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from the Maritimes to southern BC, south to Texas." 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6103-GeneralDescription 6103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.8-2.3 cm wingspan) creamy white to very light tan moth with somewhat pointed forewings and a pointed margin on the hindwings. The wings are speckled with black dots, forming a loose median band with heavier spotting on the outer half of the wings, usually forming dark patches in the anal-angle areas of both sets of wings. There are also a series of black spots on the dorsal abdomen. The small size and the distinctive pattern of black speckling will separate it from other species of Scopula." 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6103-Habitat 6103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The only Alberta specimen to date was taken on shrubby native grassland on the floodplain of the South Saskatchewan River. 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6103-LifeCycle 6103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6103-TrophicStrategy 6103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Apparently polyphagous; recorded hosts include lettuce and dandelion (Covell, 1984); and Asteraceae (unknown)." 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6424-ConservationStatus 6424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This is the most common asopine species in N.A., though reportedly rare in Florida (Blatchley 1926)." 1/6/09 12:04 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6424-Cyclicity 6424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are active from April to October (De Clercq 2000); a single specimen in the Strickland Museum was collected in November. 1/6/09 12:04 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6424-Distribution 6424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Maw et al. (2000) indicate a distribution ranging across the eastern provinces of Canada, from Manitoba to Newfoundland. However, Henry and Froeschner (1988) reported in their catalog that this species ranges as far as British Columbia to the west and Texas to the south. They also indicate introduced populations in Europe and Korea (Henry and Froeschner 1988). This species has not been collected in Alberta." 1/6/09 12:04 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6424-GeneralDescription 6424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is brown in colour and lacks the obvious dull-yellow mottling apparent in P. placidus. The ""spined soldier bug"" lends itself to the characteristics of its pronotum. The pronotum has very concave margins with narrow, smooth sided projections on either side that resemble spines. There is a ventral spine on abdominal sternite II that projects anteriorly and reaches between the hind coxa. This characteristic isolates this species from P. brevispinus. Also, the membrane of the wings has a dark spot unlike P. placidus. Adults are of a larger size in comparison to the other Podisus species; length 11-13.5 mm (Blatchley 1926; McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 12:04 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6424-Habitat 6424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This species is common along streams, densely wooded areas (Blatchley 1926), and in agricultural ecosystems (De Clercq 2000)." 1/6/09 12:04 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6424-LifeCycle 6424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs of this species hatch after approximately one week at temperatures between 20° C and 25° C. First instar nymphs are gregarious and phytophagous, but with consecutive molts become more independent and full on predators (De Clercq 2000). Between 25 and 46 days after hatching nymphs become mature adults (Blatchley 1926; De Clercq 2000). The species overwinters as adults and after emerging from hibernation begin mating immediately, often mating several times and with several partners. Up to 492 eggs have been recorded as being oviposited by a single female (De Clercq 2000)." 1/6/09 12:04 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6424-TrophicStrategy 6424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is highly polyphagous, with more than 90 insect prey species, but primarily feeds on the larvae of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. First instar nymphs are phytophagous but become predatory after molting. In addition, later instars and adults are known to exhibit cannibalistic behaviour when food is limited (De Clercq 2000)." 1/6/09 12:04 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6151-ConservationStatus 6151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is cosmopolitan in distribution (Anderson 1997) and in no need of conservation. 1/11/08 10:02 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6151-Cyclicity 6151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity One generation per year. Adults emerge from hibernation in April or May (Blatchley & Leng 1916). Newly emerged adults appear in June (Blatchley & Leng 1916) and have been collected into July. 1/11/08 10:02 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6151-Distribution 6151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species is native to the old world but was introduced to New England in the 1850s (Blatchley & Leng 1916). It has since become widespread in the new world and achieved a Holarctic distribution (Anderson 1997; Colonnelli 2004). 1/11/08 10:02 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6151-GeneralDescription 6151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "According to Blatchley & Leng (1916), adults are oblong-oval, and black overall with white scales. The dorsal surface is covered in small narrow scales, while the ventral surface is covered with larger wider scales. The funicle (antennal segments between the scape and the clubbed) is seven segmented with the first and second segments being longer than the third and forth together. The beak is slender, cylindrical and about the length of head and thorax combined. The hind femora are toothed. Length 2.7 – 3.2 mm." 1/11/08 10:02 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6151-Habitat 6151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species is cosmopolitan and occurs wherever its host plants exist (Anderson 1997). 1/11/08 10:02 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6151-LifeCycle 6151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The adults overwinter and emerge in the spring to lay eggs in the stems of their host plants (Blatchley & Leng 1916). The eggs hatch in five to eight days (Blatchley & Leng 1916). The larvae feed within the stems and roots of their host plants (Anderson 1997). The larvae pupate in tiny earthen cocoons just below the soil surface (Blatchley & Leng 1916). The time of development between egg and adult is six to seven weeks (Blatchley & Leng 1916). 1/11/08 10:02 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6151-TrophicStrategy 6151 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This weevil has been found on several members of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) as well as Cannabis sativa L. (Colonnelli 2004). They seem to prefer wild mustards to cultivated forms (Blatchley & Leng 1916). 1/11/08 10:02 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6275-ConservationStatus 6275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown (Cane and Tepedino 2001). 2/25/08 11:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6275-Cyclicity 6275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flight period of queens ranges early February to late October; workers: early April to early September; males: early May to early September (Thorp et al, 1983)." 2/25/08 11:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6275-Distribution 6275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Western Nearctic region (Williams 1996). 2/25/08 11:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6275-GeneralDescription 6275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bombus melanopygus belongs to the diverse subgenus Pyrobombus Dalla Torre which is characterized by a malar space of medium length but longer than its apical width and antennal flagellum 2.5 to 3x the length of the scape. The penis valves of the males are usually hook shaped (Thorp et al., 1983).\n\nBombus melanopygus has a large body densely covered in long, fine pile (Franklin 1912). Abdominal segment 1 is yellow, segments 2 and 3 are red or orange, and the remaining segments (4-6) are black. The anterior scutum and the vertex of head and face are covered in a mixture of black and yellow pile and appear clouded (Thorp et al. 1983; Curry 1984). Males tend to have less black pile on the face and the third antennal segment is shorter than the fifth but longer than the fourth (Franklin 1912). Body size and wingspan varies between castes: queens are 15 to 18 mm with wingspans of 29 to 36 mm, workers range between 11 to 15 mm with wingspans of 25 to 29 mm, and males are 9 to 13 mm with wingspans of 21 to 26 mm. Wings are darkly stained brown (Franklin 1912). The penis valve is rounded at the apex with a sharp angle at middle of apical curvature. The gonostylus is short and sternite 8 is uniformly thick (Thorp et al. 1983)." 2/25/08 11:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6275-Habitat 6275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Underground nests in Cordilleran forest and Boreal-Cordilleran transition zones and common on alsike clover Trifolium hybridum L. (Hobbs 1967). There are some reports of surface nesting (Thorp et al. 1983). 2/25/08 11:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6275-LifeCycle 6275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Bombus melanopygus has an annual colony cycle. Queens emerge in early February from shallow hibernacula dug into the soil to forage and find suitable nest sites, often in abandoned mouse nests. Pollen is collected and manipulated by the founding queen into a ball. Eggs are laid in vertical rows on the top of the ball and covered over with pollen and wax. A nectar pot previously constructed allows the queen to feed while incubating the brood clump at 30-32° C. Larvae hatch after 4-5 days and begin to feed on the pollen mass. The queen continues foraging and regurgitates nectar to the larvae through openings on the top of the brood cells. After 4 molts, larvae spin loose silk cocoons and pupate. The queen now lays a second and third batch of eggs on top of the pupal cocoons using the pollen and wax from the first batch. Female workers emerge 4-5 weeks after the first eggs are laid and take over foraging and nest construction activities. The queen now exclusively constructs egg cells and lays eggs. As the colony expands upwards and outwards and workers increase in number, fertilized eggs become young queens and males emerge from unfertilized eggs. Caste differences are physiological and large numbers of workers are able to provide the food necessary to rear queens. Males are often produced before the new queens and will leave the colony almost immediately after emergence. Young queens may perform both nest and foraging duties prior to mating. Both sexes mate multiple times. Males will mount the queens in the air and continue coitus for several minutes on a nearby surface until kicked off by the female. Once mated, queens prepare for hibernation by eating and increasing vital fat body reserves. The colony declines in late October; workers, males, and the original queen die. The newly mated queens overwinter in small cells in the soil in preparation for spring. (Adapted from Alford 1975 and Thorp et al., 1983)." 2/25/08 11:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6275-TrophicStrategy 6275 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polylectic, adults consume nectar and pollen from a variety of 61 plant families, primarily Salicaceae, Violaceae, Compositae, and Leguminosae in California (Thorp et al., 1983)." 2/25/08 11:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23810-Cyclicity 23810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid May to the end of June in Alberta, from March to August elsewhere (Dang 1992, Freeman 1958)." 1/14/09 10:18 10/27/14 10:25 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23810-Distribution 23810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This Holarctic species is has been found sporadically in northern areas from Alaska to Newfoundland, south in mountainous areas to California, Maine, and New Hampshire. Known from Edmonton and Nordegg in Alberta." 1/14/09 10:18 10/27/14 10:25 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23810-GeneralDescription 23810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Variable. The forewing is beige to brownish yellow with the darker markings reddish brown to dark brick brown (Dang 1992). The median band is prominet, especially along the inner edge. The subterminal triangle is similar and sometimes partially extends down towards the anal angle. The forewing is filled with fine dark lines that are prominent throughout the lighter parts of the wing. There is no costal fold. The hindwing has some faint strigulations at the extreme apex and is typically white in Nearctic specimens, though can also be much darker as is typical in Palearctic specimens.\nThis species can easily be confused with several other Choristoneura species. The much more abundant C. rosaceana can be separated by the males having a small, pointy costal fold and the females being much larger with a at least partially orange hindwing. In males of C. fractivittana the strigulations of the forewing are less obvious, the hindwing is typically darker, and a small costal fold is present; while in females the forewing also has less obvious strigulations and there is often a hind of a basal patch present. Choristoneura zapulata typically has a slightly darker hindwing, but dissection is often necessary to separate it from C. albaniana." 1/14/09 10:18 10/27/14 10:25 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23810-Habitat 23810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Probably forests in boreal and mountainous regions. 1/14/09 10:18 10/27/14 10:25 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23810-TrophicStrategy 23810 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy One specimen has been reared from Pin Cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica) and there is an unconfirmed record of it on larch (Larix sp.) in the Palearctic (Dang 1992). 1/14/09 10:18 10/27/14 10:25 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6104-ConservationStatus 6104 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly uncommon widespread species; no concerns. 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6104-Cyclicity 6104 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta collections from mid June through the end of July. 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6104-Distribution 6104 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. In North America it occurs across the boreal forest region, from Alaska across the Territories and Nunavit to Newfoundland, and in the mountains south to southern Wisconsin, Alberta and BC. In Alberta it has been collected along the southern edge of the boreal forest and in the foothills and mountains, although it undoubtedly also occurs throughout the northern half of the province." 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6104-GeneralDescription 6104 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Frigidaria is one of the more poorly marked of the grey-brown Scopula species in Alberta. They are small (1.8-2.6 cm wingspan) light grey-brown moths, heavily dusted with darker brown scales. Markings are more or less confined to narrow poorly defined antemedian, median and somewhat better defined postmedian lines. The postmedian line bulges slightly outward midway across the hindwings. Discal dots are absent or nearly obsolete. The collar and frons are partially clothed with white scales, a character that will separate it from similar S. inductata. Male and female genitalia are described and illustrated by McGuffin (1967)." 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6104-Habitat 6104 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic woodland, shrub edges and clearings." 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6104-LifeCycle 6104 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. 6/21/07 14:07 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6105-ConservationStatus 6105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon (or uncommonly collected) species in Alberta, known from less than a dozen specimens." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6105-Cyclicity 6105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta specimens have been collected in late June and early July. 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6105-Distribution 6105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring from southwestern Saskatchewan west to B.C., south to California and Arizona. It occurs in extreme southern Alberta, north to the Crowsnest Pass (Hillcrest), Lethbridge and the Cypress Hills." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6105-GeneralDescription 6105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small broad-winged moth (wingspan (2.4–2.8 cm.), but one of the larger Alberta species of the genus Scopula. The wings and body are light tan, almost white, liberally sprinkled with darker yellow-brown or grey-brown scales, except for the collar, frons, palps and legs, which are darker rusty-brown. Both the fore and hind wings are crossed by faint narrow median and postmedian lines, and even fainter partial antemedian and subterminal lines, in particular on the forewings. All four wings have a small black discal dot. The relatively large size, indistinct markings and discal dots will help separate fuscata from other Alberta Scopula species. The male and female genitalia are described and illustrated by McGuffin (1967)." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6105-Habitat 6105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Montane, including foothills." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6105-LifeCycle 6105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very poorly known. There is a single annual brood, and adults are likely nocturnal and attracted to light." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6106-ConservationStatus 6106 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common widespread species, thus no concerns." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6106-Cyclicity 6106 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Most Alberta records are from late June through the end of July, with scattered collections from early June to late September." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6106-Distribution 6106 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental, from Newfoundland to the coast of BC, north to the Northwest Territories, south to Alabama and at least Utah. S. inductata has been collected throughout most of Alberta." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6106-GeneralDescription 6106 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (17-24 mm wingspan) broad-winged grey-brown moth, usually with all 5 soft, waved lines crossing both wings, the median and postmedian most prominent. There is a small dark discal dot on each wing. The head and frons are entirely dark brown, without any of the white scaling found on the similar S. frigidaria. There is a large hairbrush on the mesothoracic tibia. The genitalia of both sexes are described and illustrated in McGuffin (1967)." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6106-Habitat 6106 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Wooded and shrubby areas. 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6106-LifeCycle 6106 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The eggs hatch in 4-6 days, there are 5 larval instars, and a pupal period of about 10 days. Hibernates as a late instar larvae or pupae (McGuffin, 1967)" 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6106-TrophicStrategy 6106 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Recorded larval hosts encompass a range of plants, including chickweed (probably aster, clover (Trifolium sp.), ragweeds (Ambrosia), sweet clover (Meliotus), and various Prunus sp. (Covell, 1984)" 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6110-Distribution 6110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, distributed throughout much of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains, east to central Montana, western South Dakota, Colorado, New Mexico and west Texas, west to Nevada and eastern California. The only Canadian record is from Waterton Lakes National Park, where it was found in open Douglas fir grasslands on a south facing slope at about 1350 m elevation." 6/21/07 14:09 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6110-GeneralDescription 6110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx.3.5 cm wingspan) moth with clear light grey forewings and shining white hindwings. Forewing markings are highly variable, but often unmarked except for a thin black basal streak, thin black lines partially outlining the orbicular spot and filling the space between the orbicular and reniform, and some black streaking along the outer veins. Some specimens are much more extensively marked. Vocalis lacks the prominent rusty scaling characteristic of pallidicollis. Lafontaine states that females of the two species can by separated by the raised, sclerotized lip-like rim of the ostium bursa of vocalis. However I find this a less useful character than one would expect! A more useful character appears to be the size and shape of the bursa itself. In vocalis the small, clear round lower half of the bursa is well defined from the thick-walled upper half; in pallidicollis the lower chamber is larger and blends less perceptively into the upper half. Lafontaine (1998) illustrates the adults and genitalia of both sexes. There are a number of other moths, in particular several species of Xestia, which superficially look like vocalis." 6/21/07 14:09 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6110-Habitat 6110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open Douglas fir grasslands 6/21/07 14:09 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6110-LifeCycle 6110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Vocalis is single brooded and the adults will come to light. The larval host plant(s) are unknown, as are the larvae. The Alberta specimen was collected in mid-August." 6/21/07 14:09 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31121-ConservationStatus 31121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Often common where present, of no concern." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31121-Cyclicity 31121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mainly June and July. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31121-Distribution 31121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northeastern United States, Manitoba and British Columbia (Heinrich (1956). Listed as Euzophera ochrifrontella for Area 10 (Edmonton) in Alberta by Bowman (1951)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31121-GeneralDescription 31121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small Pyralid with an arched costa and rounded ends to the forewings giving it a ""stubby”"" appearance. The wingspan ranges from 11-15 mm. The inner half and subterminal area of the forewings is reddish brown or copper colored. A conspicuous dark band occurs between the median and subterminal areas. The hind wing is smoky gray. This Phycitine moth was originally described as Ephestia ochrifrontella." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31121-Habitat 31121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Garden areas and woods in southern Alberta. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31121-LifeCycle 31121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31121-TrophicStrategy 31121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Pecan, oak and apple (Heinrich 1956). As pecans are not found in Alberta and oak trees are seldom planted in the province, apples and crabapples may be the main Alberta food plants. However, numerous collections have been made from areas where none of the known food plants occur. This suggests that saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia) may also serve as a food plant." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6188-Distribution 6188 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western moth, found from the mountains of southwestern Alberta south to at least CO and CA." 2/13/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6188-GeneralDescription 6188 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (approx. 3.2 cm wingspan) moth. Forwewings powdery; poorly defined antemedian and postmedian lines, median band more prominent. Terminal area suffused with dark scales. Hindwings orange-buff with a grey median line, grey scaling in the basal area and a wide black terminal band followed by white fringe. Antennae simple; sexes alike. Most similar to O. regina, which is smaller, has paler and less banded forewings and brighter yellow hingwings lacking the grey scaling in the basal half." 2/13/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6188-Habitat 6188 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It occurs in dry open woodland in the mountains. 2/13/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6188-LifeCycle 6188 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Almost nothing is known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. Like other Oncocnemis, it is single brooded, with adults in late summer and fall. The Alberta specimens were collected from late August through late September. Nothing is known of the early stages or larval hostplants." 2/13/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6076-Distribution 6076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An eastern boreal species, reported from Nova Scotia to western Alberta. In Alberta sombrus has been found on the southern edge of the boreal forest at Edmonton (illustrated above) and in the mountains at Nordegg." 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6076-GeneralDescription 6076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A very small (13-16 mm wingspan) dark brown to dull black moth with elongate, squared-off forewings. The forewings are dark brown to dull black-brown, fading in older specimens to chocolate-brown. There is a faintly darker narrow median band, with a few white scales marking the reniform and the postmedian area. Beyond this the wing darkens slightly to a narrow, subterminal band of pale scales. The hindwings are slightly paler sooty brown, darker toward the margin. Antennae simple. Sexes similar. The very similar H. fractilinea Sm. is smaller yet (11-14 mm wingspan) lighter grey-brown with a more contrasting pattern. Hypenodes sombrus is most likely to be mistaken for a microlepidopteran." 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6076-Habitat 6076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Varies; bogs and cattail marshes, dry pine and other woodlands. (Ferguson, 1954a)" 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6076-LifeCycle 6076 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Almost nothing is known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be a single annual brood. Alberta specimens have been collected in the last half of July.\nApparently nothing is known about the larval host(s). 6/21/07 13:55 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6112-Distribution 6112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to Alberta, south to Massachusetts, Ohio and Iowa. In Alberta found throughout the grasslands region, north to Edgerton and west to Calgary. In Quebec inops is found associated with salt marshes, while in Ohio it is found in wetlands and wet prairie." 6/21/07 14:11 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6112-GeneralDescription 6112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-small (2.5-3.0 cm wingspan) moth with rather smooth appearing grey-brown or grayish pink moth. The forewing markings consist of a thin dark partial antemedian line, a thin curving postmedian line, lightly scalloped at the veins, and an even pale subterminal line. The ground color shades slightly darker toward the outer margin and fringe. The most prominent marking is round or oblong dark spot formed by the lower half of the reniform spot. The hindwings are paler, with indistinct narrow median and postmedian lines and discal bar. Antennae simple and sexes similar. The illustrated specimens are from the Edgerton area." 6/21/07 14:11 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6112-Habitat 6112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "grasslands region, salt marshes, wetlands and wet prairie" 6/21/07 14:11 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6112-LifeCycle 6112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be a single annual brood in Alberta, with adults flying in August through early September. The larvae live as borers in the stems of the hostplant. The only reported larval hostplant is cordgrass (Spartina sp.)(Forbes, 1954). Alkali cordgrass (S. gracilis) is a possible Alberta host." 6/21/07 14:11 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6101-Cyclicity 6101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The Alberta specimen was collected June 27, 2007." 6/21/07 14:06 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6101-Distribution 6101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Poorly known; apparently a Great Plains species found from extreme southeastern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba south to Nebraska and Oklahoma." 6/21/07 14:06 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6101-GeneralDescription 6101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small (2.3-2.6 cm wingspan) moth with white wings with dark basal and terminal areas. The forewings are white with very dark red-brown basal area and a red-brown terminal area suffused with white scales. The median area has a broad brown band overlain with white scales creating a “ghost-like” appearance in some specimens. The orbicular is indicated by a small black dot and the reniform by a small black crescent. Hindwings white with the basal half light blackish brown, a broad terminal band of the same color followed by a white fringe and a prominent dark discal mark. Antennae simple and sexes similar. It bears a superficial resemblance to some of the small flower moths (Heliothinae)." 6/21/07 14:06 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6101-Habitat 6101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The Alberta specimen was collected in a small sand blowout on the rim of Lost River valley in the arid grasslands of extreme southeastern Alberta. 6/21/07 14:06 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6101-LifeCycle 6101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Almost nothing is known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 6/21/07 14:06 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6101-TrophicStrategy 6101 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Nothing is known of the early stages and larval hostplants. 6/21/07 14:06 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6358-Distribution 6358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Acutipennis is common in southern BC and adjacent Washington. In Alberta it has been found only in dry open woodland in the mountains at Waterton Lakes National Park, in late August." 3/25/08 9:41 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6358-GeneralDescription 6358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (30-32cm wingspan) mottled grey and brown moth. Forewings fairly dark brownish-grey, with a black basal streak, split near the end and lined on the upper side with rusty-orange scales. A short egg-shaped oval of white and light grey scales at base of costa, above streak. AM and PM lines doubled and filled with light grey and white scales, PM line obsolete on upper half. Oblong orbicular and kidney-shaped reniform outlined with black outside and white inside, orbicular and lower half of reniform filled with darker grey. Claviform a hollow black wedge; it and area around and between the upper spots suffused with dark red-brown and grey scales. Area beyond lower PM a diffuse light grey and white spot, with a patch of black scales with a white “pupil” distad. Fringe a double row of light grey-brown and dark grey scales, checkered with darker scales between the veins. Hindwings light grey-brown, paler near base, with a dark discal dot and dark scales lining the vein. Fringe white, divided by a thin dark line along the upper half of the wing. Male antennae slightly dentate, ciliate. Superficially similar to L. vicina, but darker overall and with the basal streak and white patch on base of costa shorter, thicker, and with male hingwings darker than in vicina. Male genitalia of a different type, lacking the prominent curved juxta and 3-pronged clasper of vicina." 3/25/08 9:41 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6358-Habitat 6358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta it has been found only in dry open woodland in the mountains. 3/25/08 9:41 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6358-LifeCycle 6358 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Nothing is known, except that the adults are nocturnal and come to light." 3/25/08 9:41 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6359-Distribution 6359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in western USA, south to Arizona and California, north to southern BC and east to extreme southwestern Alberta. A single specimen collected in Waterton Lakes National Park in 2005 is the only Alberta record." 3/25/08 9:42 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6359-GeneralDescription 6359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 4-5 cm wingspan) lavender-pink or pink-grey moth with slightly falcate forewings. The thoracic collar is jet black. The forewings have few markings, confined to some darker brown shading near the costa where the antemedian, median and postmedian lines would meet it. The reniform spot may or may not have black markings. The hindwings are light yellow-brown, shading darker along the outer margin. Antennae simple. Sexes similar." 3/25/08 9:42 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6359-Habitat 6359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It frequents dry open woodland and meadows. 3/25/08 9:42 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6359-LifeCycle 6359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. L. victoria is single-brooded., and the adults come to light. The Alberta specimen was collected in early July. The larval host plant is apparently unknown, but many of the Eurasian species feed on Legumes, and victoria has been reared in captivity on lupine (Lupinus)." 3/25/08 9:42 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6359-TrophicStrategy 6359 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Reared in captivity on lupine (Lupinus). 3/25/08 9:42 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6360-Cyclicity 6360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The three Alberta specimens were collected in mid June. 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6360-Distribution 6360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in eastern North America, west across southern Canada to southern BC. In Alberta inficita has been collected in the Milk, Oldman and South Saskatchewan River drainages." 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6360-GeneralDescription 6360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small (2.5-2.8 cm. wingspan) long-winged moth. The forewings are blue-grey with dark streaking and maroon near the base and apex. The antemedian and postmedian lines are partially marked by doubled narrow dark lines, and a small black dot marks the reniform. The hindwings are overlain with dark maroon, particularly on the outer half, and there is a diffuse discal patch and a blackish patch at the anal margin. The fringe on both wings is grey broken by dark patches, giving the wings an uneven, angular appearance. The wings are folded up and held perpendicular to the body when at rest, and at such times they are reminiscent of large, dark plume-moths (Pterophoridae)." 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6360-Habitat 6360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat They occur in dry and shrubby grassland on valley slopes. 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6360-LifeCycle 6360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known, in Alberta apparently single-brooded and nocturnal. The three Alberta specimens were collected in mid June." 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6360-TrophicStrategy 6360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta hostplant data; elsewhere reported to feed on Staghorn sumac (Rhus hirta) and Poison ivy (Rhus radicans). In Alberta the likely host is poison ivy or possibly skunkbush (Rhus trilobata). 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6196-Cyclicity 6196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults in late July and early August. 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6196-Distribution 6196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An eastern species, found from NS west to central southern Alberta, south to ND and KY. In Alberta it has been collected in the Red Deer River valley at the Tolman Bridge Recreation Area, and in the dunes southeast of Wainwright." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6196-GeneralDescription 6196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (approx. 3.5 – 3.8 cm wingspan) with dark, almost black, red-brown forewings and lighter brown hindwings. Forewing markings consist of a light yellowish doubled curved antemedial line and a faint almost obsolete dark postmedian line. The area basad of the antemedial line is usually partially filled with light brown or yellowish scales. The small orbicular spot and larger reniform spot are only slightly lighter than the ground, and are preceded and separated by jet black in the cell. The subterminal line is indicated by a few pale scales, in particular where it approaches the lower margin. The most prominent marking is a pale yellowish or pale pink diffuse blotch on the costa just distad of the reniform spot, from which it gets its common name. Most similar to P. tenuicula, which it differs from in the curved antemedial line (straight in tenuicula) and by the pale yellowish or pinkish blotch on the costa just distad of the reniform spot (absent in tenuicula). Bicarnea is also noticeably larger and broader-winged than tenuicula." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6196-Habitat 6196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It frequents in open wooded areas, edges and meadows." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6196-LifeCycle 6196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood here, with adults in late July and early August. The larvae is described and illustrated in color in Lafontaine (1998)." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6196-TrophicStrategy 6196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are in part uncertain; Crumb (1956) listed a variety of plants in several families, including blueberry, Gray birch, dandelion and Spiraea. However, McCabe (1991) found the larvae would only feed on two species of grass (Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb. and G. canadaensis (Michx.) and rejected blueberry, Grey birch, raspberry, yarrow, nettle, dogbane and elder." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6197-Cyclicity 6197 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in July and early August, peaking in mid July." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6197-Distribution 6197 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily an eastern species, ranging west the eastern border of BC, north to the NWT and James Bay, south in the east to OH and MD, and in the west south in the mountains to CO. In Alberta collected mainly in the Aspen parklands, foothills and mountains." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6197-GeneralDescription 6197 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (approx. 3.5 - 3.7 cm wingspan) with dull black forewings with a straight narrow pale yellow antemedian and curved postmedian lines. The small oblong orbicular spot and larger reniform spot are partially outlined with a fine line of light yellow scales. The cell before and between the two spots is jet black. Hindwings dirty white with a yellow tint, suffused with grey scales and with a dark discal mark and narrow black terminal line. Sexes similar, but male antennae setose, female simple. Smaller than P. bicarneaa and black, not dark brown, without the pale pink or yellow patches of scales in the basal area and on the costa beyond the reniform. Adults and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated by Lafontaine (1998)." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6197-Habitat 6197 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found in open wooded areas, meadows and edges." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6197-LifeCycle 6197 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larva is described by Lafontaine (1998), and is illustrated by McCabe (1991)." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6197-TrophicStrategy 6197 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The natural hostplants are unknown, but it has been reared in the laboratory on the grass Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb." 2/13/08 14:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6199-ConservationStatus 6199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status In Alberta it is known only from 3 or 4 specimens collected in the Lethbridge area. 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6199-Cyclicity 6199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta specimens were collected June 3-July 16. 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6199-Distribution 6199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A high plains and mountain species, widespread in the mountains of western North America, from southern Alberta west to BC, south at least to C0 and CA." 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6199-GeneralDescription 6199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2.5 cm wingspan) diurnal moth with dull greenish lavender to pale wine-brown, crossed by a central cream band widening at the upper end to encompass a large spot of the ground color. The terminal band is slightly paler grey or grey-green. The hindwings are jet black with a whie median band dived in two by the black discal mark. S. persimilis is similar, but is usually brighter maroon and has a pale spot in the basal area of the hindwing. The larva is illustrated in color by Hardwick (1996)." 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6199-Habitat 6199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It frequents open meadows. 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6199-LifeCycle 6199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are diurnal and single brooded. The larval stages are described in detail by Hardwick (1996). 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6199-TrophicStrategy 6199 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host plant is species of Lupin, including L. latifolius, L. nanus, L. sericeus and L. leucopsis. Like all Schinia they feed only of the flowering parts of the plant. Suetus will bore into the seed pod, plug the hole with silk, and devour the seeds and fleshy interior of the pod." 2/13/08 14:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6361-Distribution 6361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western Canadian species, known only from the type locality (Lillooet, BC) until it was found in Waterton National Park in 2006." 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6361-GeneralDescription 6361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2.5 cm wingspan) moth with dark grey-brown forewings and lighter dirty white hindwings. The median area of the forewings, especially in the lower half, is black or nearly so. The basal area is slightly paler grey-brown, and the outer third is even lighter grey-brown, with some rusty-brown scaling. Both the orbicular and in particular the large reniform spot are visible. The hindwings darken distally and are usually lighter in males (the illustrated specimens are both females). Similar to N. subjuncta and in particular N. tonsa, both of which may occur in the same area. The genitalia must be examined for positive identification. Adults of all species of Neoligia, along with the genitalia of both sexes, are illustrated in Troubridge and Lafontaine, 2002)" 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6361-Habitat 6361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry open coniferous forest. At the type locality found in open Ponderosa pine forest, and at Waterton in open Douglas fir on a dry grassy southeast-facing slope at about 1400m elevation." 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6361-LifeCycle 6361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be a single brood, which flies from mid July through late August. The Alberta specimens were collected August 14. Nothing is known of the larval host plants." 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6361-TrophicStrategy 6361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Nothing is known of the larval host plants. 3/25/08 9:43 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6362-Distribution 6362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in eastern North America, west across the southern boreal forest to eastern Alberta. In Alberta it has been collected at Moose Lake, just southwest of Cold Lake." 3/25/08 9:47 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6362-GeneralDescription 6362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly small (wingspan approx. 2.5 cm) light violet-brown and rusty yellow moth with somewhat pointed angular wings. The forewings have a poorly defined antemedian line and more prominent dark thin postmedian line, bordered basally by a relatively wide yellow brown band. Beyond the postmedian line the wing is light violet brown with rusty yellow mottling in the upper half. The narrow dark terminal line is followed by light brown fringe. There are darker patches on the costa just before the apex and over the reniform. The reniform is poorly defined and surrounded by a large patch of rusty yellow. The hindwings are similar in color to the forewings, with the forewing bands and lines continuing across them. The hindwing median area is slightly paler than the remainder of the wing, and contains a prominent angular black spot. The palps are prominent. The antennae are beadlike with short bristles." 3/25/08 9:47 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6362-Habitat 6362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It frequents wooded areas on sandy or other well-drained soils with blueberry. 3/25/08 9:47 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6362-LifeCycle 6362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood and the adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae feed on blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). The single Alberta specimen was collected in late June. 3/25/08 9:47 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6362-TrophicStrategy 6362 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae feed on blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) 3/25/08 9:47 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5793-Cyclicity 5793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults' flight period is between spring and late summer. 1/30/06 8:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5793-Distribution 5793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Transcontinental in Canada; eastern and western United States and Eurasia (Bright 1976). 1/30/06 8:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5793-GeneralDescription 5793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are recognized by their smooth shiny elytral surface, the interspaces usually very minutely and irregularly punctured and raised subapical margin of elytra that gives them a broadly rounded appearance when viewed from above. Elytra are usually bicoloured with alternating patterns of five dark and four pale stripes. General appearance of adults colour is very dark brown to black. Females and males differ in size and sculpture. Length is 3mm – 3.5mm in females and 2.7mm – 3.2mm in males. Frons of females is convex with surface reticulated with sparse granules while in males they are concave with lateral margins ornamented by abundant hair. Anterior margin of pronotum is usually unarmed (without teeth) in both sexes but rounded in females and straight in males (Bright, 1976; Wood, 1982)." 1/30/06 8:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5793-LifeCycle 5793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults over winter in the forest diff or in bark crevices. In spring at temperatures >15°C, adults fly from diff in search of host material. Large broods of adults are attracted to sapwood of wind thrown, fire killed, withdrawn cut and dying trees, stumps and logging slush stored for a long time (at least 3months to <2years). Attack is usually on the shaded underside lying on the ground and exposed surfaces of logs floating on water of most coniferous species within range. Suitable wood is identified by the release of primary attractants perceived by the beetles. Usually it is the female that initiates colonization and causing the release of a species specific secondary attractant (aggregate) pheromone received by both sexes that increases the colonization rate and finally aggregates the beetles onto the host material. Mating takes place on the surface of the bark after which the females bore into the log to form galleries. They then inoculate galleries with ambrosia fungus on which they and their offspring (larvae) feed. Oviposition begins in spring in the first two weeks of gallery construction. Eggs are laid singly in cradles (niches) cut on both sides of the gallery. Larvae hatch in 10days and pupation occurs in a month's time. New adults emerge from the gallery cradles in two months. In mid to late summer (from July through September), the adults emerge from the host logs and fly to nearby forest margins in search for hibernation sites and over wintering for 7-11 months. There is only one generation per year but sometimes vigorous adults may re attack and deposit eggs for a second late season generation (Bright, 1976; Wood, 1982; Dyer and Chapman, 1965)." 1/30/06 8:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5793-TrophicStrategy 5793 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Any species of conifer within its range, rarely from Alnus spp or Betula spp (Bright, 1976)." 1/30/06 8:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5794-Cyclicity 5794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Initial flight in spring (early April) till early May, then June to late summer." 1/30/06 9:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5794-Distribution 5794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alaska to New Brunswick south to California, New Mexico, and West Virginia (Wood, 1982)." 1/30/06 9:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5794-GeneralDescription 5794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are distinguished by their large size, smooth and shining surface of elytra with apical margin appearing subacuminate when viewed from above. Colour is uniformly black when mature but young adults have a pale yellowish brown colouration at the base of the pronotum to the apex of elytra. Length is 3.8 – 4.6 mm for females and 3.6 – 4.3 mm for males. Frons are convex with surface reticulated with sparse granules in females. In males they are concave with lateral margins ornamented by abundant hair. In females the anterior margin of pronotum is usually rounded, armed with four teeth, the median pair being larger while in males the margin is feebly recurved and unarmed (without teeth) (Bright, 1976; Wood, 1982)." 1/30/06 9:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5794-LifeCycle 5794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Over wintered beetles appear and become active in early spring from May until early April. They are attracted to suppressed, dying, withdrawn or dead Aspen cut in the previous season, primarily Populus gradidentata and P. tremuloides. It is the female beetle that initiates tunneling. Boring into the sap wood is fast and completed in a day or two and mating takes place at the tunnel entrance. The male then joins in after mating and assists in removing the accumulated boring dust and frass out of the entrance hole. The female inoculates the tunnels with ambrosia fungus from her mycongia (fungal transmitting gland), (Abrahamson et al, 1967) and boring continues with construction of secondary lateral tunnels. Cradles are then constructed vertically along the lateral tunnels and a single egg is oviposited on each cradle surrounded by the boring material and some fungal cells. Several pairs of beetles use the same gallery with each pair occupying its own branch (Bright, 1976) but one pair for each gallery has also been reported (Brewer et al; 1988). The larvae hatches within a week after the eggs are laid and begin to enlarge the larval cradles until they are slightly bigger than the size of an adult beetle. After two larval instars pupation occurs after three to four weeks and the pupal stage lasts for a month after which the adults emerge. Emerging adults are light brown but colour darkens with age. New adults emerge form brood galleries from mid June to early July. In late summer or early fall, the new adults leave the host trees to over winter in forest litter (Leach et al, 1940; Bright, 1976; Brewer et al; 1988)." 1/30/06 9:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5794-TrophicStrategy 5794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Populus spp and Picea spp (Bright, 1976). The larvae gnaw and ingest wood fragments along with ambrosia fungus but only the fungus is completely digested while the wood fragments remain unchanged after egestion (Brewer et al; 1988)." 1/30/06 9:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5833-ConservationStatus 5833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 3/3/06 10:43 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5833-Cyclicity 5833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected during spring/summer months (May-September). 3/3/06 10:43 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5833-Distribution 5833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout Canada, from southern B.C. north to Nunavut, across central Canada well as in Quebec. U.S. records include Alaska, Colorado, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania. Also found in Northern Europe (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 10:43 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5833-GeneralDescription 5833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Approximately 7 to 15 mm in length, black and yellow abdomen with a yellow face. Lateral margins of abdominal tergites narrowly, subtly but continuously yellow (see A on image; this can be very faint, especially on older specimens). Males: The upper half of frons dark gray and covered with a waxy, whitish powder (i.e. pruinose), with lower half of frons dark to light yellow. Hind femur is either entirely yellow, or the basal half is black and the rest is yellow. The wing membrane is entirely covered with tiny hairs (i.e. trichose). One or both of tergites 3 and 4 with either widely or narrowly separated yellow spots (see B on image). Females: Similar to male, but all femora entirely yellow, face yellow, frons similar to male but only lower one-third of frons bright yellow (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 10:43 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5833-Habitat 5833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mostly boreal regions, but some records from mixed forest (Vockeroth 1992)." 3/3/06 10:43 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5833-LifeCycle 5833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known, but probably multivoltine, although northern populations may be univoltine (Vockeroth 1992). The overwintering stage is unknown, but is probably the last larval instar, as is the case with several related species (Schneider 1969). Host choice of the aphidophagous larvae is probably mostly determined by the oviposition behaviour of the females, because the dispersal capabilities of most Syrphus larvae are relatively limited (Sadeghi and Gilbert 2000a,b). Females of a related species (S. corollae) were found to oviposit in response to the sole presence of aphid honeydew (Schneider 1969), although females may use both visual as well as olfactory signals for choosing an oviposition site. Females in this genus tend to choose large or growing colonies of aphids, to ensure a plentiful food source for their offspring (Sadeghi and Gilbert 2000a). Larvae are probably voracious predators, and parasitiods are unknown, although many parasitoids of other members of the genus Syrphus have been recorded, including (amongst many families) members of the Braconidae, Chalcididae, Proctotrupidae, Encyrtidae, and Ichneumonidae (particularly the subfamily Diplazontinae) (Schneider 1969)." 3/3/06 10:43 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5833-TrophicStrategy 5833 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Poorly known, but like all members of the genus Syrphus, larvae are aphidophagous and probably polyphagous, choosing aphid hosts on many species of shrub, herb, and tree (Vockeroth 1992). This is suggested by their broad distribution through several different habitats. Adults probably feed on pollen and nectar of flowers." 3/3/06 10:43 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5846-ConservationStatus 5846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No information indicating any concern. 4/6/06 14:34 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5846-Cyclicity 5846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to September. Nests constructed in July or August (Medler 1958). 4/6/06 14:34 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5846-Distribution 5846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia and west to British Columbia, south to California, Utah, Colorado and Texas in the United States to North Mexico. (Krombein et al. 1970)." 4/6/06 14:34 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5846-GeneralDescription 5846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Females: Body is15-20mm long, stout and completely black body. Soft downy hair (pubescence) is whitish and dense around antennae, sides of face, on top of head and on sides of thorax and thicker blackish hair on dorsal surface of the thorax. Large cheeks (width is twice the size of the eyes) to house muscles used for cutting leaves and mouth mandibles have 5 tooth projections (Mitchell 1962). Deep indentation on each side of the middle bulge of the clypeus (front of head below the antennae and frons and attached to the labrum mouthpart) (Medler & Lussenhop 1968). Wings are subhyaline (sub transparent) with brownish veins. Pollen collecting “scopa” on the ventral abdomen with dense hair and pale yellowish colour (Mitchell 1962).\nMales: Body is 11-15 mm long, stout and completely black body. Pubescence is very dense and elongated around antennae, lower part of face, lower cheeks, posterior and sides of thorax. Pubescence elongate but less dense on dorsal surface of thorax. Large cheeks (width is twice the size of the eyes) and mouth mandibles have 3 tooth projections. Wings are subhyaline (sub transparent) with brownish veins. Robust and dense setae (bristle like-hair) on the sterna number 5 (ventral abdomen segments) and very dense setae on both sides of the midline of sterna number 6 and spine-like and elongated in the midline. Transverse apical lobe on sterna 6. Genital armatures have robust gonocoxites that are constricted medially and long setae on inner face. (Mitchell 1962)." 4/6/06 14:34 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5846-Habitat 5846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Burrows into decaying poplar trees and constructs nest (Krombein et al. 1970, Medler 1958)." 4/6/06 14:34 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5846-LifeCycle 5846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Univoltine (one generation reaches maturity per year) (Fye 1965). Nests are constructed by the mother bee, using circular leaf pieces to create thimble-shaped cells, as well as using a combination of leaves, sawdust, moss, dirt, rotting wood and sand to construct protective plugs (Medler 1958). Once the nest is completed the orifice is covered using circular leaf pieces that are cemented together, sometimes incorporating sand and chewed leaves (Medler & Lussenhop 1968). The nests are smooth versus the rough appearance of M. relativa nests. Nests are similar to Mi>M. gemula except that the plug for M. gemula is comprised of leaf pieces (Fye 1965). This species is of little value in agricultural use for alfalfa pollination (Medler 1958)." 4/6/06 14:34 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5846-TrophicStrategy 5846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polylectic (collects pollen from wide range of flowering plants). Pollen taken primarily from Compositae and Leguminosae flowers (Krombein et al. 1970) with flower records including Baptisia, Lathyrus, Rubus and Veronica (Mitchell 1962). Observations in Wisconsin show a preference for fireweed and thistles (Cirsium vulgare,C. altissimum, C. arvense) and infrequent use of alfalfa flowers (Medicago sativa) (Medler 1958)." 4/6/06 14:34 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4269-ConservationStatus 4269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Relatively rare and local in Alberta, which is at the northern edge of the range." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4269-Cyclicity 4269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Fresh adults have been collected in Alberta during the later half of August. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4269-Distribution 4269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Saskatchewan west to southern British Columbia, south to northern New Mexico and Arizona and southern California. E. nevada has been collected very locally in southern Alberta, north to Dry Island Provincial Park." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4269-GeneralDescription 4269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized moth (3.5-3.8 cm wingspan) with dark streaky grey-brown and yellow-brown forewings and white hindwings. The head and thorax are dark brown, with a narrow black band on the prothoracic collar and a mix of black and white scales on the thorax and the margins of the tegulae. The forewings are streaked longitudinally, and lack the transverse lines. There is a black basal streak, and less distinct black scaling along the veins, especially on the lower half of the forewings. The area between the veins tends to be lighter yellow brown. The costa, cubital and anal veins are variably ""frosted"" with white scales. The reniform and small oval orbicular spots are indistinct, ringed with light yellow-brown scales and filled with darker grey-brown ones. There is a slightly darker brown wedge at the upper outer margin, a narrow dark terminal line, and the fringe is a mix of brown and white scales. The hindwings are white, with a few brown scales marking the discal dot, along the veins, and forming a narrow terminal line or band. The combination of dark streaky brown forewings with white frosting along the veins and white hindwings will separate E. nevada from other Alberta Euxoa.\n\nEuxoa nevada belongs to the subgenus Euxoa, characterized mainly by the shape of the vesica in males. Keys to the subgenera and species and illustrations of adults and the genitalia of both sexes are available in Lafontaine, 1987\n" 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4269-Habitat 4269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry open areas, badlands sage grasslands." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4269-LifeCycle 4269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single brood each year, with adults flying in late summer. The adults come to UV light. The early stages are unknown." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4269-TrophicStrategy 4269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Related species tend to feed as generalists on a variety of low-growing plants. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6405-ConservationStatus 6405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Little is known about the status of A. tricolorella in Alberta, but it is not likely to be of any conservation concern." 5/2/08 8:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6405-Cyclicity 6405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "All specimens in the E. H. Strickland museum have been collected in July and August, but the moth may occur in June as well, probably dependent on the spring and early summer weather." 5/2/08 8:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6405-Distribution 6405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in southern Canada and northern USA. All specimens in the E. H. Strickland museum have been collected in Edmonton, but the moth likely occurs southern and central part of the province." 5/2/08 8:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6405-GeneralDescription 6405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly small micro moth (wingspan > 25 mm), with a slender body and fairly broad wings. The forewings a triangular, narrow at base and broad at apex. The ground color of the forewing is gray dusted with white scales, with a conspicuous bi-colored brown and white basal cross-band, a small elongate discal spot, and a blackish and white apical zigzag band, the latter often with distal reddish-brown shading. The hind wings are broad and white with grayish margins." 5/2/08 8:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6405-Habitat 6405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Not known in detail for Alberta, but the moth probably occurs in many kinds of parkland and open forest where suitable host plats are found." 5/2/08 8:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6405-LifeCycle 6405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The moth over winters as small larva on the host plant. It pupates in early summer and emerges as adult in mid and late summer. In north-western USA the moth can sometimes be a pest in prune orchards. 5/2/08 8:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6405-TrophicStrategy 6405 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae generally feeds on buds and fruits of the genus Prunus (cherries and plums), but may feed on a variety of members of the rose-family such as Mountain Ash (Sorbus americana)." 5/2/08 8:06 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6406-ConservationStatus 6406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Nothing is known about the status of P. aeneoviridella in Alberta. 5/2/08 8:11 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6406-Cyclicity 6406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected between June 24 and August 11. 5/2/08 8:11 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6406-Distribution 6406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread the northern Rocky Mountain states of the USA. In Canada the species is apparently only known from Alberta, where it apparently has two distinct populations: one in the Rockies north to Lake Louise, and one in the dry south eastern part of the province." 5/2/08 8:11 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6406-GeneralDescription 6406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly small to medium sized micro moth (18-25mm wingspan), with slender body, narrow and triangular forewings, and broad hind wings. Both wing pairs are shiny-bronze colored, with the forewings being darker than the hind wings." 5/2/08 8:11 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6406-Habitat 6406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Not known in detail for Alberta, but based on collection data the species seems to favor two distinctly different habitat types in the province. Half the specimens in the E. H. Strickland Museum have been collected in the dry, grassy habitats between Orion and Cypress Hills in the south western corner of the province, whereas the other half have been collected in sub alpine habitats in the Rockies." 5/2/08 8:11 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6406-LifeCycle 6406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Immature stages are unknown. 5/2/08 8:11 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6406-TrophicStrategy 6406 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Host plants are unklnown. 5/2/08 8:11 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6425-ConservationStatus 6425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species has received attention for its potential in biological control (De Clercq 2000). 1/6/09 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6425-Cyclicity 6425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "This species is active between June and August, though they do overwinter as adults and can emerge mid-April (De Clercq 2000)." 1/6/09 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6425-Distribution 6425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Populations are distributed across Canada, from British Columbia to Newfoundland (Maw et al. 2000), and as far south as New Mexico and Georgia. There are apparently records also in the tropics, in the Greater Antilles and Mexico (Henry and Froeshner 1988). The range in Alberta of specimens in the StricklandMuseum is between Lethbridge and Saint Paul, on a south-north gradient, and Saint Paul to Seba Beach, east to west." 1/6/09 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6425-GeneralDescription 6425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is dark-brown in colour with subtle dull-yellow mottling. The pronotum has concave margins, as in P. maculiventris, but the lateral projections are much broader and less spiny. A ventral spine present on the 2nd sternite of the abdomen is pronounced but is not elongate. The wings have a distinct dark spot on their membranous region easily distinguishing this species from P. placidus. This species is of medium size in comparison to other Podisus species; length between 8 and 10 mm (Blatchley 1926: McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6425-Habitat 6425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Typically collected from low vegetation in woods, but also known from agricultural ecosystems (McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6425-LifeCycle 6425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life history of this species is similar to that of P. maculiventris. The eggs of this species hatch after approximately one week at temperatures between 20° C and 25° C. First instar nymphs are gregarious and phytophagous, but with consecutive molts become more independent and predatorial (De Clercq 2000). Between 25 and 46 days after hatching, nymphs become mature adults (Blatchley 1926; De Clercq 2000). This species overwinters as adults and after emerging from hibernation begin mating immediately, often mating several times and with several partners. Both univoltine and bivoltine populations are known from eastern Canada and United States (McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6425-TrophicStrategy 6425 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "As in P. maculiventris, this species feeds on a number of insects; see McPherson (1982) for a partial list of these species." 1/6/09 14:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30817-ConservationStatus 30817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30817-Cyclicity 30817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to mid August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30817-Distribution 30817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species that ranges from Nova Scotia to western Ontario and south to Michigan, Wisconsin and Florida (Munroe 1972). Not reported from Alberta by Bowman (1951). Reported from Saskatchewan and the Lac La Biche area of Alberta by Pohl et al (2004). Collected in Alberta in the Winfield and Buffalo Lake areas by Bird." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30817-GeneralDescription 30817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized, moth with a wingspan of 18-22 mm. The males have white forewings with extensive dark brown (fuscous) areas while the females have forewings that are slate gray. The hindwings are white with a number of small dark patches, especially in the alar angle. The head and thorax are dark brown while the abdomen is dark brown with white stripes. Unlike any other Alberta moth. The genitalia are described by Munroe (1972). Formerly placed in the Pyralidae, subfamily Nymphulinae, but now considered to be in the Family Crambidae, Subfamily Acentropinae, Tribe Nymphulini." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30817-Habitat 30817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Near ponds and streams. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30817-LifeCycle 30817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Aquatic. Described in detail by Welch (1916) and Munroe (1972). The moths come to light. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30817-TrophicStrategy 30817 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on waterlilies according to Munroe (1972), and Welch (1916 and 1924), however, the Alberta collections by Bird are from areas where waterlilies do not occur. It, therefore, appears, as the common name suggests, that other aquatic plants are also used as food sources." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6230-ConservationStatus 6230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, widespread and occasionally a pest." 2/14/08 8:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6230-Cyclicity 6230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are active from late June to late July in Alberta, April to July elsewhere. (Chapman & Lienk 1971; Razowski 1977; Forbes 1923)" 2/14/08 8:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6230-Distribution 6230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Throughout Canada from the southern Northwest Territories and most of the US and into Central America. 2/14/08 8:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6230-GeneralDescription 6230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adult is highly variable in wing pattern. Most commonly it is heavily mottled with brown to orange. The darkest markings are normally in the basal patch, slanted median band, and postmedian blotch that can extend to the anal angle. Distinctive bright yellow to cream squares are often present on the costa between the darker bands. The hindwings are typically dark grey with a lighter fringe. Males have a costal fold that extends to or barely past the basal patch.\nThe larva is green with scattered pale warts and fine setae. The prothoracic shield is dirty green with variable amounts of black or dark brown laterally and the head is shiny dark or light brown. The larva can not be reliably separated from Choristoneura rosaceana and is closely similar to several other common tortricid species. (Chapman & Lienk 1971; Mackay 1962)" 2/14/08 8:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6230-Habitat 6230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Most habitats that have deciduous trees and shrubs. 2/14/08 8:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6230-LifeCycle 6230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The eggs are laid in oval batches of 20-100 eggs on the twigs or bark of the host tree. The first instar larvae often spin strands of silk and under ideal wind conditions can disperse to other areas. Larvae construct leaf-rolls where they emerge from to feed and when disturbed the larvae either retreat or suspend down on a line of silk. Populations are highly cyclical and can this species can become a pest in orchards. (Chapman & Lienk 1971; Razowski 1977; Kruse & Sperling 2001) 2/14/08 8:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6230-TrophicStrategy 6230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on the foliage and fruit of a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs and occasionally forbs. It can be a serious pest in apple, pear, cherry, plum, peach, apricot, and citrus orchards. (Chapman & Lienk 1971; Kruse & Sperling 2001; Razowski 1977; Freeman 1958; Forbes 1923)" 2/14/08 8:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31244-ConservationStatus 31244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Populations rarely reach outbreak levels in North America, but are commonly found (Campbell et al. 1989)." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31244-Cyclicity 31244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak periods of activity occur between April and June (Campbell et al. 1989). 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31244-Distribution 31244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has been reported from a number of sites across Canada, in all provinces and territories, both in northern and southern regions (Campbell et al. 1989, Bright and Bouchard 2008). It also occurs in Alaska, most of the United States, Europe and Asia (Bright and Bouchard 2008)." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31244-GeneralDescription 31244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body length varies from 2.9 to 4.0 mm, excluding head. Integument is generally black with an occasional reddish tinge; tarsi, tibia, femora, and antennae are reddish. The rostrum surface is flat but may be weakly covex on the upper two thirds. The lower third of the rostrum may be weakly concave and the medial carnia is absent. Eyes are strongly covex and protuberant. The length of the pronotum equals the width. The pronotum is widest at the middle, the sides are weakly arcuate and the anterior constriction line is weakly evident. The pronotal surface is covered with deep and close punctures that possess forward pointing, slightly erect scales, giving the surface a shiny appearance. The prosternal groove is approximately equidistant from the fore-coxae and the anterior of the prosternum. Elytral sides are subparallel on the basal half, and the remainder is broadly rounded. Strial punctures are small, weakly impressed and each possesses a small recumbent seta. The vestiture is variable, but generally consists of dense, small, recumbent interstrial scales, that are white or brown. Females are similar to males, but the elytra are more inflated, lateral margins of elytra are more arcuate, the body is larger, and females have a more diffuse colour pattern. Adults are most easily recognized by: a) strongly convex eyes; b) narrow pronotum; c) small body size compared to other Sitona species; and d) median row of narrow and erect scales, coloured white in each elytral interstriae. (Adapted from Bright 1994, Bright and Bouchard 2008)" 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31244-Habitat 31244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Agricultural systems where clover, alfalfa, vetch and sweet clover are found (Campbell et al. 1989)." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31244-LifeCycle 31244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Sitona lineellus is a univoltine species, undergoing one generation per year, and the adults are long lived, with the life span reaching up to eleven months, approximately five months of which are spent in overwintering habitats (Campbell et al. 1989). Adults overwinter on the soil beneath thick layers of organic debris (Loan 1963) and become active as early as mid-April (Campbell et al. 1989). Overwintered adults are wingless; hence, migration in the spring is achieved via walking to find hosts in adjacent fields (Campbell et al. 1989, Anderson 1997). Once emerged in the spring, mating and feeding begin. Newly emerged adults are sexually mature by autumn of the previous year and mating does occur before the overwintering months, however, very few females oviposit in the autumn (Campbell et al. 1989). Once mated in the spring, eggs are scattered over the soil surface between April and June (Loan 1963, Anderson 1997). A single female will oviposit between 110 and 180 eggs, laying an average of eight to 12 eggs per day (Campbell et al. 1989). The time required for incubation varies with temperature and moisture levels. Four larval instars occur in the soil; the early instars feed within root nodules and the late instars are more mobile in the soil and consume both roots and root nodules (Loan 1963). Pupae may be found in the soil as early as late June, and new generation adults may be found as early as the first week of July (Loan 1963). The period between oviposition and new generation emergence is about nine weeks (Loan 1963). Feeding by the new generation begins immediately after emergence, but is not believed to continue as long as the late season feeding of other Sitona species (Loan 1963)." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31244-TrophicStrategy 31244 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larval feeding occurs within the root nodules of Vicia cracca L. (vetch) and Medicago sativa (alfalfa) (Loan 1963). Adults consume vetch and alfalfa foliage, as well as the foliage of red clover, alsike clover, peas, sweet clover, pea flower (Caragana arborescens) and garden flowers including tulips and delphinium." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6414-ConservationStatus 6414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/6/09 8:16 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6414-Cyclicity 6414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from June to September, with most specimens being collected in July and August. Specimens attracted to light." 1/6/09 8:16 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6414-Distribution 6414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout North America, becoming scarcer in the east due to the diminishing presence of its host plant (Idis and Grafius 2001). In Canada it occurs in most provinces, being most frequently collected in B.C. (Scudder and Cannings 2007) and Alberta (Bowman 1951). It is not known from Ontario, but Profant (1991) collected it in Michigan." 1/6/09 8:16 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6414-GeneralDescription 6414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head cream-coloured, antennae banded with brown on each segment, labial palpi porrect, dorsally cream, ventrally brown. Thorax of a cream colour, tegulae and metathorax yellowish-brown. Forewings strongly hooked, a characteristic shared by many species in the genus Ypsolopha. Dorsal surface of forewings brown, with pale yellow scales on the basal one third of the wing, extending lengthwise and proximally, near the thoracic junction. Hindwings uniformly light grey, somewhat translucent proximally and basally. Ventral wing surfaces uniformly light grey. Legs and abdomen light grey. This species can be distinguished from the similarly looking Ypsolopha canariella by its mostly brown forewings, whereas canariella has mostly yellow forewings, with brown scales restricted to a triangular area in the middle of forewing. Ypsolopha dentella, another similar species, has a whitish band on the basal one third of the forewings, which does not extend to the lateral wing margin. There is also a well-defined, whitish ""spine"" pointing upwards and away from the wing base." 1/6/09 8:16 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6414-Habitat 6414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A wide variety of habitats, from mixed wood forests to semi-arid scrubland, prairies and badlands." 1/6/09 8:16 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6414-LifeCycle 6414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Pupation probably takes place in silken cocoons characteristic of the genus Ypsolopha. Canadian forest insect surveys found the adults in association with poplars and willows. 1/6/09 8:16 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6414-TrophicStrategy 6414 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown. One specimen in the Northern Forestry Centre (Edmonton, AB) was reared on Pinus banksiana." 1/6/09 8:16 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6415-ConservationStatus 6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. A widespread native species of no economic importance. 1/6/09 8:25 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6415-Cyclicity 6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from June to August, with most specimens being collected in July. The species is nocturnal and are attracted to light." 1/6/09 8:25 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6415-Distribution 6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A moderately common species occurring throughout North America. In Canada it is known from B.C. (Scudder and Cannings 2007), Alberta (Bowman 1951) and Saskatchewan. It has also been collected from most continental U.S." 1/6/09 8:25 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6415-GeneralDescription 6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are of a uniform, drab colour. Head and antennae light grey, labial palpi porrect, heavily scaled, light grey. Thorax light grey, metathorax with some brownish scales. Some brownish scales also sprinkled on tegulae. Legs light grey. Uncharacteristically for the genus, forewings do not end with pointed apices. Dorsal surface of forewings light grey sprinkled with various small, faint brownish spots. Two large dark brown spots present in the basal portion of the internal margin and another smaller one present in the apical region. Hindwings are of a uniform light grey with the apices a little darker than the rest of the wing. Hingwing fringes long. Ventral wing surfaces and abdomen light grey. In Alberta this species can be confused with a pale morph of Ypsolopha flavistrigella, however the latter differs from Y. dorsimaculella by the absence of dark spots in the basal region of forewing. It can also be confused with Y. senex, however it lacks the dirty brown forewings as well as the whitish, oblique line in the discal region." 1/6/09 8:25 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6415-Habitat 6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mixed wood forests, riparian areas and possibly scrubland." 1/6/09 8:25 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6415-LifeCycle 6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Pupation probably takes place in a silken cocoon characteristic of ypsolophids. 1/6/09 8:25 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6415-TrophicStrategy 6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/6/09 8:25 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6416-ConservationStatus 6416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern. This native species can become locally abundant, but never in big enough numbers to cause any observable damage to host plant." 1/6/09 8:29 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6416-Cyclicity 6416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from June to beginning of October, reaching their peak flight in July. Specimens are generally attracted to light." 1/6/09 8:29 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6416-Distribution 6416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A widespread species occurring throughout much of North America, including BC (Scudder & Cannings 2007), Alberta (Bowman 1951), Manitoba (Hargrave Lake, forest insect survey), Saskatchewan (Indian Head, forest insect survey), Michigan (Nielsen 1998) and Maryland (Line, L., web reference)." 1/6/09 8:29 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6416-GeneralDescription 6416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head and antennae silvery grey, labial palpi porrect, heavily scaled, silvery grey. Thorax and legs silvery grey. Forewings hooked, typical of the genus. Dorsal surface of forewings silvery grey with slight brownish pigmentation. A large golden area is present anteriorly, but does not reach the apex. Some specimens have darker forewings with two faint, thick oblique bands extending from the anterior to the posterior wing margin. Hindwings are grey to light brown, becoming somewhat translucent basally. Ventral wing surfaces, legs and abdomen silvery grey. This is a very distinctive species that cannot be easily confused with the other Alberta species." 1/6/09 8:29 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6416-Habitat 6416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A wide variety of habitats, from mixed wood forests, to riparian habitats and semi-arid scrubland." 1/6/09 8:29 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6416-LifeCycle 6416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown. Pupation takes place in elongated silken cocoons. Adults of this species are among the earliest fliers, even before the snow has melted, having been captured as early as the end of April (pers. obs.)." 1/6/09 8:29 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6416-TrophicStrategy 6416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana). 1/6/09 8:29 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6417-ConservationStatus 6417 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Insufficient data for assessment of the conservation status. This species was recently discovered in Canada. 1/6/09 8:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6417-Cyclicity 6417 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from May to beginning of October. Specimens sometimes attracted to light. 1/6/09 8:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6417-Distribution 6417 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A localized species occurring in southern U.S. It was recently discovered in Canada in Alberta in Olds, Mountain View county. In U.S. it is found in Texas (Greg Pohl, pers. comm.), California (Invermere Ridge (Powell 2004)), Utah and Colorado (Rocky Mountains National Park)." 1/6/09 8:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6417-GeneralDescription 6417 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head and antennae brown, labial palpi porrect, brown. Thorax dark brown to black, metathorax brown. Legs dark brown. Forewings are reminiscent of ethmiids. Dorsal surface of forewings in two tones, anterior half a mix of dark brown and black scales, while the posterior half is silvery grey with the basal part of the internal margin becoming dark grey. The two regions are separated apically by a curved, thick black line. Some specimens are of a uniform grey with very faint to no markings al all. Hindwings are grey, with apices becoming dark brown. Ventral wing surfaces, legs and abdomen dark grey to black. In Alberta this species can be confused with Ypsolopha senex, however the latter differs from Y. flavistrigella by having a specked brownish forewing with whitish oblique line present in discal area of the forewings." 1/6/09 8:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6417-Habitat 6417 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A wide variety of habitats, wherever its host plant occurs." 1/6/09 8:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6417-LifeCycle 6417 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown. Adults are excellent dispersers, being capable of colonizing severely disturbed areas soon after the disturbance has occured (Powell 2004)." 1/6/09 8:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6417-TrophicStrategy 6417 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Willow leaves (Salix spp.) (Ives & Wong 1988). 1/6/09 8:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6418-ConservationStatus 6418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern. A widespread native species of no economic importance, occupying a great variety of habitats." 1/6/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6418-Cyclicity 6418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from June to September, with most specimens being collected in July and August. Specimens attracted to light." 1/6/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6418-Distribution 6418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A very common species occurring throughout North America. In Canada it occurs in most provinces, from B.C. (Scudder and Cannings 2007) and Alberta (Bowman 1951) to Manitoba (Ives & Wong 1988). Since willows are widespread in North America including the Canadian subarctic (Begin & Payette 1991) it is very likely Y. senex has a much larger distribution than currently known. This species is present in most of the continental U.S." 1/6/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6418-GeneralDescription 6418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are of a uniform, drab colour. Head brownish, antennae brown, labial palpi porrect, heavily scaled, brown. Thorax brownish, metathorax with some rusty-coloured scales. Forewings with pointed apices. Dorsal surface of forewings dirty brown with various pale markings and spots. Discal region with an oblique, cream-coloured line that is slightly curved. Hindwings are of a uniform light grey. Ventral wing surfaces, legs and abdomen light grey. It can be distinguished from other microlepidoptera by its slightly hooked forewings, broad hindwings and porrect labial palpi. In Alberta this species can be confused with a pale morph of Ypsolopha flavistrigella, however the latter differs from Y. senex by a uniform grey colouring of forewings and absence of the whitish oblique line in the discal region. It can also be confused with Y. dorsimaculella, however dorsimaculella has two well-defined dark-brown spots on the internal margin of forewings, no hooked forewings and no whitish, oblique marking in the discal region of forewings." 1/6/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6418-Habitat 6418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A wide variety of habitats, from riparian ecosystems to mixed wood forest and alpine tundra, wherever its host plant occurs." 1/6/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6418-LifeCycle 6418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larva uniformly green with no distinct markings, head capsule green. Feeding occurs in a loose web. Like for most North American Ypsolopha species, the life cycle is not well understood, but it most likely has one generation per year (Ives & Wong, 1988). Pupation takes place in silken cocoons of a tubular shape." 1/6/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6418-TrophicStrategy 6418 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Willow leaves (Salix spp.) (Ives & Wong 1988). 1/6/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6419-ConservationStatus 6419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Blatchley (1926) reports that it is rare at all of its recorded localities. 1/6/09 9:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6419-Cyclicity 6419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Strickland Museum collections date from May to August; Blatchley (1926) reported collections into October. 1/6/09 9:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6419-Distribution 6419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Collections have been recorded across Canada, from British Columbia to Newfoundland, excluding Prince Edward Island (Maw et al. 2000), and south as far as the southern limits of the United States along the Pacific coastline. In the east, its southerly distribution ends in New Jersey (Henry and Froeschner 1988). In Alberta, specimens have been collected between the northern and southern limits of Edmonton and Cypress Hills Provincial Park, respectively." 1/6/09 9:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6419-GeneralDescription 6419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The species is fairly oval shaped with a brightly coloured cuticle, though coloring is apparently highly variable. The pronotum is prominently red coloured posteriorly, pale-yellow anteriorly, and has a wide, transverse black bar antero-medially. The presence of this bar distinguishes this species from the morphologically similar P. bioculatus. Perillus exaptus can also be isolated from P. bioculatus due to the presence of ventral tubercles that are not longer than their width on the fore-femora. The scutellum is mostly black with narrow, yellow lateral bands that follow its margin apically. The hemelytra are black with lateral margins, embolium, also pale yellow, and the membranous regions lacking pigmentation. Connexivum are concealed under the wings. The species is small in comparison to P. bioculatus; length between 5 and 7.5 mm (Blatchley 1926; McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 9:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6419-Habitat 6419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This species is known from grassy marshlands, flatlands and under stones (McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 9:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6419-LifeCycle 6419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Life history is unknown. 1/6/09 9:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6419-TrophicStrategy 6419 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The dietary information for this species is unknown. Despite the fact that it is a predatory insect, no prey species have been recorded (McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 9:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6168-Distribution 6168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western North America; SK west to AK, Yukon & BC, south in the mountains in the western United States to MT and CA." 2/13/08 14:36 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6168-GeneralDescription 6168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of the larger Eulithis (wingspan approx. 3.2-3.7 cm.). Forewing ground white to creamy yellow, light areas in subterminal area crossed by two scalloped pale yellow-grey or tan bands. The basal area and a broad median band dark red-brown to almost black. Outer margin of median band scalloped with smooth, clean edge. Prominent black wedge below white apical dash, and two-three small black teeth above base of dash. Hindwings light yellowish-grey, outer third crossed by a series of scalloped white lines. Male antennae narrowly bipectinate. Worn specimens in particular can be difficult to separate from Eustroma semiatrata, unless the ventral surface is examined. The forewing apical dash and the dark wedge below it are repeated on the ventral surface in xylina, whereas the ventral forewing of E. semiatrata is dark and lacks any trace of a dash or wedge. See also E. destinata, E. flavibrunneata, and E. testata." 2/13/08 14:36 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6168-Habitat 6168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occurs in mesic deciduous and mixedwood woodlands. 2/13/08 14:36 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6168-LifeCycle 6168 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood in Alberta, with adults from late June through late August, peaking in late July. Reported larval hosts encompass a wide range of deciduous trees and shrubs, including Alder, Rose, Serviceberry, Cinquefoil, Snowberry, Ribes (Choi, 2001) ocean spray, red-osier dogwood, ninebark and azalea (Miller & Hammond, 2003). The larvae is described and illustrated in color by Miller & Hammond, op. cit." 2/13/08 14:36 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6065-Distribution 6065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western PQ and western ON south to NC, west to NM, AZ, CO and se Alberta." 6/21/07 13:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6065-GeneralDescription 6065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description A very small (1.4-1.9 cm wingspan) broad winged grey and reddish brown moth. The forewings are dark brownish grey except for the reddish brown costa and poorly defined wide postmedian band. Hind wings slightly paler brownish grey. Second segment of abdomen with darker transverse band. Sexes similar. The small size and reddish brown postmedian area will separate coloradensis from all other Alberta Eupithecia. Leptostales ferruminaria is similar in size but is much brighter rufous-red and has more angular forewings. 6/21/07 13:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6065-Habitat 6065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "The sole Alberta specimen is from the floodplain of the lower Red Deer River in the Grasslands region, north of Bindloss. The specimen was collected in a shrubby area on the riverbank." 6/21/07 13:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6065-LifeCycle 6065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very poorly known. The Alberta specimen was collected at light. The larval stages and host plants are apparently unknown. The Alberta specimen was collected on July 27, 2004." 6/21/07 13:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6171-Distribution 6171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from extreme western AB west to Vancouver Island, north to northern BC and south to Texas. In Alberta known only from Waterton Lakes National Park (Bolte, 1990)." 2/13/08 14:38 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6171-GeneralDescription 6171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.7-2.1 cm wingspan) broad winged dark yellow-brown and grey moth. Specimens of most Eupithecia species, including maestosa, are best identified by examining the genitalia (illustrated below). The absence of a white spot in the tornal area of the forewing will separate it from the very similar Eupithecia columbiata." 2/13/08 14:38 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6171-Habitat 6171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Frequents wooded and shrubby areas. 2/13/08 14:38 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6171-LifeCycle 6171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae have been described by McGuffin (1958). The larval host or hosts are unknown. 2/13/08 14:38 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6172-Distribution 6172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern NFLD to western BC, and from AK to AZ." 2/13/08 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6172-GeneralDescription 6172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.7-2.3 cm wingspan) grey and yellow or orange-brown suffused moth without prominent markings. The yellow-brown or orange-brown color, the lack of prominent discal spots or bands and the elongate wings should are illustrated in Bolte (1990)." 2/13/08 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6172-Habitat 6172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It has been collected in all regions of Alberta, from the arid grasslands to the northern Boreal forest and the Rocky Mountains." 2/13/08 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6172-LifeCycle 6172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal but have also been collected during the day. There is a single brood in Alberta, with adults from mid May to mid July, peaking in late May and early June. Larval hosts include the flowers of Achillea and Castilleja, and the foliage of Salix, Rosa, Potentilla fruticosa and Ribes (McGuffin, 1958)." 2/13/08 14:39 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6173-Distribution 6173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extreme southwestern Alberta west to Vancouver Island, north to northern coastal BC and south to New Mexico. The only Alberta record is a single specimen collected in Waterton Lakes National Park. The Type Locality is New Mexico." 2/13/08 14:39 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6173-GeneralDescription 6173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.7-1.9 cm wingspan) broad-winged yellow-brown and white moth. The forewings are pale cream with numerous wavy incomplete parallel cross lines of darker yellow-brown and light grey. Light postmedian band prominent where bending inward sharply before joining costa as large light patch. Prominent dark discal bars, Fringe checked white and light brown. Hindwings white or cream with yellow-brown marking on lower half, and with prominent dark discal bars. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated in Bolte, 1990. The light yellow-brown color and prominent discal bars on four wings will help separate niveifascia from most other western Alberta Eupithecia, although the genitalia should be examined for positive identification, in particular when specimens are worn." 2/13/08 14:39 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6173-LifeCycle 6173 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are likely active both at dusk and after dark. There is probably a single brood in Alberta. In adjacent BC adults fly from late May to mid July; the Alberta specimen was collected on July 11, 2005. The larva and host plant are unknown." 2/13/08 14:39 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6175-Distribution 6175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "G. rossii has an Holarctic arctic-alpine distribution. In North America it occurs south in the east to ME and NH, west across the arctic and subarctic to Alaska and south in the Rocky Mountains to CO. Although it has never been collected in the Rocky Mountains in Alberta, a single larvae (which later produced a female moth) was found in the subarctic-boreal forest at Horseshoe Lake in the Caribou Mountains by Doug Macaulay." 2/13/08 14:42 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6175-GeneralDescription 6175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth (approx. 3 cm wingspan; females larger than males). Forrwings grey with few markings, consisting of a darker antemedian and erratic postmedian line, usually poorly marked. The reniform is usually indicated by a dark dot or bar bordered by pale scales. Hindwings pale orange-buff with a wide black border, and with the buff largely suffused with grey in many specimens. Body densly wooly-hairy, dark grey. Male antennae plumose; female simple. The illustrated specimen (from the Caribou Mnts of Alberta) is freshly emerged and unusually well marked." 2/13/08 14:42 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6175-Habitat 6175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It occurs in open alpine and open boggy areas. 2/13/08 14:42 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6175-LifeCycle 6175 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Reported larval hosts included species of Saxifrage and willow; possibly also Potentilla (Handfield, 1999). Willow buds are favored at some arctic sites. The Alberta larva was collected on Rubus acaulis and was reared in the lab on R. idaeus. The larvae may take multiple years to complete development, and females can produce fertile eggs without mating. The larvae are covered in dense soft grey hairs, and the cocoon is a grey oval with the larval hair incorporated into it. Adults are active during the day." 2/13/08 14:42 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6176-Distribution 6176 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern New York and southern Ontario west to southern Saskatchewan and Alberta south to southern Idaho and northeastern Nevada. The only Alberta definite Alberta record is a specimen in the CNC labeled, “Dunes, Alberta”, collected in 1928 by G.F. Manson." 2/13/08 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6176-GeneralDescription 6176 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.1-3.6 cm wingspan) with yellow-tan or fawn forewings and yellow hindwings. The forewings have a large but poorly defined reniform spot usually biordered with dark dots and a curved but incomplete poorly defined and sometimes almost obsolescent median band. The hindwings are pale to bright yellow or yellow-orange, with a large black curved discal mark and a black terminal band containing an oblong yellow spot midway. Very similar to Heliothis phloxiphaga which has forewings with a larger and more prominently marked reniform spot, a darker and more prominent median band sharply angled at the reniform, and white hindwings. There are differences in the genitalia of both sexes of the two species as well." 2/13/08 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6176-Habitat 6176 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in wooded edges and meadows. 2/13/08 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6176-LifeCycle 6176 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Almost nothing is known of the life history of acesias. According to Handfield (1999), the larvae of Heliothis acesias are believed to feed on aster and probably other herbaceous plants." 2/13/08 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6177-Distribution 6177 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout much of temperate North America. In Alberta it has been collected mainly in the parklands and montane areas, less commonly in wooded riparian areas in the grasslands and in the northern boreal forest." 2/13/08 14:43 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6177-GeneralDescription 6177 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One can do no better than quoting Lynn Scott's description of this otherwise rather drab creature: “Both the forewings and the hindwings of Horisme intestinata are largely covered with fine, gray-brown, parallel, crosswise lines, which are aligned at rest so that the moth somewhat resembles a smear of something on my brick wall. The ground color of the wings is a pale yellowish brown or tan, slightly darker towards the outer margins. The upper third of the forewing is less striped, with a plain area around the small discal dot. The deep scallops of the postmedial line are quite evident when one takes a close look, but on a quick glance, the wing simply appears streaky. In the subterminal area, there is a whitish scalloped line on both forewing and hindwing. The darkest markings are the ends of a dark lines at the inner margins of the forewings, which are aligned with a dark line across the base of the abdomen to form a darker mark across the middle of the moth at rest” (Lynn Scott, 2001-2007). Wingspan approx. 2.5-3.2 cm. The related H. incana Swett is a more two-toned light and dark brown and has a sharply defined contrasting yellow-brown stripe along the costa." 2/13/08 14:43 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6177-Habitat 6177 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Frequents wooded areas. 2/13/08 14:43 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6177-LifeCycle 6177 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The main flight if from late May through late July, peaking in late June. A small second brood appears in early September through early October. The larva is undescribed and the larval hosts are unknown. Larvae of European species feed on Clematis." 2/13/08 14:43 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5985-Cyclicity 5985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults first appear late June and early July depending on weather and elevation. They are found well in to August. 1/9/07 8:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5985-Distribution 5985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta to North Dakota, South to Arizona and Texas.\nIn Alberta, collected from Lethbridge, Drumheller and Milk River area." 1/9/07 8:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5985-GeneralDescription 5985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "10-20mm in length. Light brown in colour (as opposed to red or grey). Stout thorax with long, tapered abdomen. Covered with many fine bristles (including metapleuron). Antenna short (1 mm). On the wings, the first posterior cell is narrow at the tip or sometimes closed with a stalk; fourth posterior cell is always closed with stalk; abdomen greenish grey pollinose; first antennal segment brownish orange." 1/9/07 8:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5985-Habitat 5985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry grasslands, sandy areas, shrub steppe, and a variety of prairie grasslands. Prefers elevations of 1280-2438 m." 1/9/07 8:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5985-LifeCycle 5985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "One of the rare Asilidae species that hunts from its resting place on the ground. It specifically targets grasshoppers, but will only attack them if the prey is moving. The Stenopogon then insert its proboscis into the prey and injects a toxic chemical, paralyzing the prey. The robber fly then sucks out the insides of its meal with little struggle." 1/9/07 8:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5985-TrophicStrategy 5985 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Predatory on other insects. 1/9/07 8:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5986-ConservationStatus 5986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This is perhaps the most common and widespread of the large robber flies in the dry forests and grasslands of southern B.C. Distribution may change as climate change increases grassland-steppe vegetation representation, however human disturbances have caused the destruction of much grassland habitats as well. Studies of overgrazed areas have revealed dense and healthy populations of Stenopogon inquinatus, suggesting it does not affect these asilids. (Cannings 1994)" 1/9/07 8:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5986-Cyclicity 5986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been observed from early June to early September (Cannings 1989). 1/9/07 8:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5986-Distribution 5986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Ranges from northeastern B.C. south to California and east to Manitoba and New Mexico. Common and widespread. 1/9/07 8:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5986-GeneralDescription 5986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Large (between 15 and 30 mm), heavy bodied, reddish species. There are two forms, one brown, and one more black. The brown form has a grayish yellow pollinose front and vertex. There is a very large gibbosity on the head (a hump). The antennae are either brown black or red black, and the mouthparts are full black. The thoracic colour is black, however it is covered with reddish brown humeri so it appear more brown. There are bristles present on botht the pronotum and episternum, but the metapleuron is bare. The legs are black on the coxae and dorsal sides of the femora, but have a reddish tinge elsewhere. Wings have an open posterior cell, and the anterior crossvein ends either at the middle or slightly before the discal cell. The abdomen is reddish brown on the middle, with black sides and venter. The pile is long on the first two segments, but is shorter on the following abdominal segments. The male genitalia is orange brown with black haris, and the female has lateral pits in the end of the eighth abdominal segment and black spines. The only difference between the brown form and the black form is the colour. The black form has black legs with reddish brown apices and black spines. In both sexes the eight abdominal segment is reddish brown with a black band around it. An intermediate form does exist, with black abdominal sides but a reddish brown narrow back. D. Macaulay image" 1/9/07 8:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5986-Habitat 5986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry forests, grasslands (sagebrush steppe in B.C.), gravelly river banks and sandpits. In Colorado it was found in wheat grasslands." 1/9/07 8:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5986-TrophicStrategy 5986 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Uses long raptorial legs to hunt other insects. Has been seen feeding on grasshoppers, dragonflies, and other robber flies." 1/9/07 8:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5987-ConservationStatus 5987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread species. May be effected by grassland destruction. 1/9/07 8:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5987-Cyclicity 5987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected were found in late July and early August. 1/9/07 8:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5987-Distribution 5987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern B.C. and Alberta, south to Idaho, California, Arizona and New Mexico." 1/9/07 8:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5987-GeneralDescription 5987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Large (15-25 mm), elongate, mainly grey species. Though both Stenopogon neglectus and Stenopogon coyote have hairs or bristles on metapleuron, they can be easily distinguished by differences in wing venation. In S. neglectus the wings have first and fourth posterior cells open. The male genitalia are also different: in S. neglectus, the superior forceps and the gonopods ban be reddish brown or black. The abdomen is blackish or less pollinose; and the first antennal segment is blackish. (Adisoemarto 1967)" 1/9/07 8:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5987-Habitat 5987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mainly pastures, wheat grass, long grass prairie and semi-arid short grass prairie." 1/9/07 8:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5987-LifeCycle 5987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Found on disturbed dirt areas. Likes to forage on bare ground. 1/9/07 8:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5987-TrophicStrategy 5987 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The only prey ever recorded is a male ant, Formica subpolita." 1/9/07 8:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5988-Cyclicity 5988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults found in June. 1/9/07 8:57 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5988-Distribution 5988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern Alberta to California and east to Colorado and Utah. 1/9/07 8:57 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5988-GeneralDescription 5988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "10-15mm in size. Short round thorax with elongated abdomen. No hairs on metapleuron. The abdominal dorsum is completely black , with black humeri. There is also a pile on the first three abdominal segments. It is visible as an evenly grayish species with yellow pile and yellow bristles. Adults of S. obscuriventrus have a hump on the back of their head (gibbosity) which almost reaches the antennal base. The antennae should be uniformly coloured with an orange brown style. On the prothorax, bristles are only on the pronotum. The legs are three quarters black, with a yellow end to the femora and brownish basally and apically black claws. The wings have brownish veins, and in the males a silvery white tinge to the auxillary cell. All posterior wing cells are open, and the anal wing cell is either closed or very narrow. The male genitalia and female ovipositor are both orange brown in colour with a variable number of bristles present. (Adisoemarto, 1967)" 1/9/07 8:57 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5988-Habitat 5988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sandy dunes and grasslands 1/9/07 8:57 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5988-TrophicStrategy 5988 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Predatory on other insects. 1/9/07 8:57 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31240-ConservationStatus 31240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Abundance of this pest species is variable over time and space (Campbell et al. 1989). 1/15/09 8:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31240-Cyclicity 31240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Migration extends over a three week period begining in late April (Campbell et al. 1989). 1/15/09 8:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31240-Distribution 31240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "According to Bright and Bouchard (2008), the sweet clover weevil occurs in all Canadian provinces and territories, with the exception of Newfoundland and is expected to occur in all of the mainland States. The weevil occurs commonly in Europe and western Asia, and was likely introduced to North America from one of those continents (Campbell et al.1989, Bright and Bouchard 2008)." 1/15/09 8:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31240-GeneralDescription 31240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body length ranges from 3.0 to 5.0 mm. Integument ranges from black to light brown, tibia, tarsi and antennae are generally reddish brown. Rostrum surface is flat, lower third slightly bisulcate. Median carnia is distinct, but weakly indicated, located between the apical concavities. Rostrum covered with recumbent and abundant brown and white scales, with intermixed brown setae that range from recumbent to slightly erect. Eyes are convex, described as moderately prominent. Pronotum is widest at the middle, evenly arcuate. Pronotal surface is smooth and shiny, with deeply impressed mid-sized and numerous punctures. Prosternal groove is intermediate between the fore-coxal cavities and the anterior of the prosternum. Elytra are broadly arcuate, strial punctures are small and weakly impressed. Each strial puncture bears a minute seta. Interstriae are 5 to 6 times wider than striae, are weakly convex, with finely punctured surfaces. Vestiture of elytra with many small, light brown to white scales that are recumbent and intermixed with numerous recumbent setae. (Adapted from Bright 1994, Bright and Bouchard 2008)\nAdult sweet clover weevils may be identified from their close relatives by the elytral vestiture. The elytral vestiture consists of recumbent scales that are very abundant and interspersed by short recumbent setae. There are no erect scales or setae on the elytra. In the spring, the sweet clover weevil may be mistaken for the pea leaf weevil; overwintered pea leaf weevils are often without scales on the elytra and pronotum. The two can be distinguished by the distance between the coxa and a groove on the ventral surface of the pronotum. The distance between these two structures is non-existent in the pea leaf weevil. (Adapted from Bright 1994, Bright and Bouchard 2008)." 1/15/09 8:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31240-Habitat 31240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Forage crops where sweet clover, alsike clover, and alfalfa are grown (Davidson and Lyon 1979)." 1/15/09 8:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31240-LifeCycle 31240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adult weevils that are sexually immature overwinter in the upper inch of soil, or on the soil surface beneath debris (Campbell et al. 1989). When temperatures rise in the spring, to mean temperatures of 15° C, emergence from overwintering habitats begins (Campbell et al. 1989). After emergence, weevils migrate from second-year clover fields to first year clover fields, via flight and walking. Migration, feeding and mating periods overlap, as mating begins after feeding begins and continues until weevils die (Davidson and Lyon 1979). Males are very aggressive in their search for mates (Herron 1953). Female weevils deposit eggs while feeding or at rest, with no active egg placement (Herron 1953, Campbell et al. 1989). Each female weevil produces between 1600 and 1800 eggs (Davidson and Lyon 1979, Campbell et al. 1989). Larvae consume root nodules of sweet clover, and pass through four instars before pupating in the soil (Herron 1953). In Ohio, larval development required 30 to 40 days, in Manitoba, development of the last two instars required 30 days (Herron 1953). Pupation in Ohio required 7 to 12 days (Herron 1953). New generation weevils begin emerging in mid summer, beginning in late June (Herron 1953). The timing of the life history of the weevil depends heavily on regional conditions, as the new generation does not emerge in Manitoba until late July (Herron 1953). Un-colonized seedlings are sought when the new generation emerges and are consumed (Campbell et al. 1989). Feeding activity continues until temperatures drop. Migration to new plants in summer and fall is achieved strictly via walking (Campbell et al. 1989). The sweet clover weevil is univoltine, completing one generation per year (Herron 1953, Hans 1961, Campbell et al.1989)." 1/15/09 8:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31240-TrophicStrategy 31240 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Sitona cylindricollis larvae feed primarily upon Melilotus species (sweet clover) (Herron 1953, Campbell et al.1989). Adult weevils will feed upon Trifolium hybridium L. (alsike clover), Medicago lupulina L. (black medic) and Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) in the absence of sweet clover (Herron 1953)." 1/15/09 8:43 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6232-ConservationStatus 6232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. Localized outbreaks have occurred in Edmonton causing partial defoliation and extensive webbing on Manitoba Maple. 2/14/08 8:47 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6232-Cyclicity 6232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 2/14/08 8:47 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6232-Distribution 6232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From southern British Columbia to southern Quebec, south to California and Florida." 2/14/08 8:47 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6232-GeneralDescription 6232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is pale straw yellow with a pattern that varies from being almost absent to dominating the forewing. The markings are mostly light orange-brown, typically forming broad bands in the basal and median areas that slant towards the anal angle. The postmedian line is normally present as a square patch on the costa and variably continues towards the anal angle. Dark brown markings can be present in small patches in the outer middle part of the basal and median patches, rarely in other parts of the wing. The hindwing is immaculate white.\nThe larva is uniformly pale green, the head is also pale but has some blackish near the ocelli. (MacKay 1962)" 2/14/08 8:47 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6232-Habitat 6232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Most common in floodplains and river valleys where Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo) grows. 2/14/08 8:47 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6232-LifeCycle 6232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The larva is a leafroller. (MacKay 1962) 2/14/08 8:47 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6232-TrophicStrategy 6232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed upon Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo), nettle (Urtica spp.), and honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.). (Freeman 1958; Razowski 1977)" 2/14/08 8:47 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6421-ConservationStatus 6421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Blatchley (1926) indicated that only about dozen records were known prior to his publication. 1/6/09 11:20 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6421-Cyclicity 6421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The seasonality of this species is unknown, though a single collecion from July exits in the Strickland Museum." 1/6/09 11:20 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6421-Distribution 6421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This is one of two species of asopine stink bugs that range up into the Canadian Northwest Territories (Maw et al. 2000). With this exception, in addition to records from Alberta and Nebraska, the known distribution is mainly centralized around the Great Lakes provinces and states (Henry and Froeschner 1988; Maw et al. 2000). Asinglle specimen of this speciesi in the Strickland Museum was collected from Mercoal, Alberta." 1/6/09 11:20 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6421-GeneralDescription 6421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species has a prominent dark brownish-black colour that is mottled with dull yellow. It is broadly oval in shape with an elongated face; juga longer than the clypeus and touching anteriorly. This characteristic allows for easy identification from other asopine bugs, with the exception of Apatetitcus bracteatus (Fitch), which also has elongated juga; however, in the latter the juga do not meet anterior of the clypeus. The pronotum has very broad projections on both sides. The fore-femora lack the ventral tubercle present in genus Perillus Stal. Connexivum are widely exposed and are mostly dark with pale spots along the margins on each abdominal segment. It is of medium size; length 9-11 mm (Blatchley 1926)." 1/6/09 11:20 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6421-Habitat 6421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The habitat is unknown. 1/6/09 11:20 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6421-LifeCycle 6421 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "According to McPherson (1982), nothing is known of this species' life history." 1/6/09 11:20 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6422-ConservationStatus 6422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The species has been considered a potential biological control insect (De Clercq 2000). 1/6/09 11:32 11/6/14 10:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6422-Cyclicity 6422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Nymphs can be found beginning in May, and adults as late as September (McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 11:32 11/6/14 10:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6422-Distribution 6422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In North America, collections have been recorded from British Columbia to Prince Edward Island, Canada (Maw et al. 2000), and as far south as New Mexico, USA (Henry and Froeschner 1988). It is not known if this species is found outside of North America. Alberta collections in the Strickland Museum range from the province's south border, north to Hardisty, AB, but collections west of Rockyford, AB, do not exist." 1/6/09 11:32 11/6/14 10:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6422-GeneralDescription 6422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Colour grayish to a pale-yellowish brown. The juga are slightly longer than clypeus, as in Rhacognathus americanus Stal but not touching anteriorly. The rostrum does not reach the hind coxa and its third segment is longer than both the second and fourth segments. The 5th antennal segment is longer than the 3rd isolating it from Apateticus cynicus, another N.A. species in this genus. The margins of the pronotum are equipped with narrow projections, as in the morphologically similar genus Podisus Herrich-Schaeffer. The lateral portions of the abdomen are widely exposed and not covered by the hemelytra. These exposed regions have a distinct black, double-dash along the margin of each abdominal segment. The female genitalia has 3 basal plates, but the centre plate is triangular in shape. Adults are fairly large in comparison to the morphologically similar genus Podisus; length 13-17 mm (Blatchley 1926)." 1/6/09 11:32 11/6/14 10:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6422-Habitat 6422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This is an arboreal species (De Clercq 2000), collected from both woody and herbaceous plants (McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 11:32 11/6/14 10:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6422-LifeCycle 6422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is univoltine, so only one generation is produced each season. This species overwinters in its egg stage (De Clercq 2000). These hatch in late spring, May-June, and mature into full adults by July. Adults will persist until September when mating occurs and eggs are deposited (McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 11:32 11/6/14 10:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6422-TrophicStrategy 6422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Feed primarily on larvae of Chysomelidae, and a specialist on Trirhabda spp. in goldenrod stands and Galurucella spp. (De Clercq 2000), but will also feed on larvae of Lepidoptera." 1/6/09 11:32 11/6/14 10:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6423-ConservationStatus 6423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species has been implemented in several failed biological control attempts in Europe (De Clercq 2000). 1/6/09 11:34 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6423-Cyclicity 6423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults appear in mid-April and are abundant until late-August, but can be found as late as October (Evans 1983; Oetting and Yonke 1971)." 1/6/09 11:34 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6423-Distribution 6423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In North America, this species ranges from British Columbia to Quebec, Canada (Maw et al. 2000), and as far South as Arkansas, though these southerly records are generally restricted to eastern states (Henry and Froeschner 1988). It is not known whether it's distribution extends beyond North America. No specimens of this species have been collected in Alberta." 1/6/09 11:34 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6423-GeneralDescription 6423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is lighter in coloration in comparison to other Podisus species. The dull-yellow mottling of the cuticle is much more prominent. The shape is somewhat quadrangular with the posterior of the dorsum nearly triangular shaped. The pronotal margins are straight-sided with broad, rounded projections on either side. This characteristic sets it apart from other Podisus species, as well as Apateticus bracteatus since these species generally have concave pronotal margins. The connexivum are nearly concealed under the hemelytra and the portions that are exposed have black spots along the margins of each abdominal segment. This is a relatively small species with a length of 7.5 to 9 mm (Blatchley 1926)." 1/6/09 11:34 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6423-Habitat 6423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Evans (1983) reports this species in old-field habitats, as well as in both mixed and deciduous forests." 1/6/09 11:34 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6423-LifeCycle 6423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle There appears to be some discrepancy concerning the number of generations that occur in a season. McPherson (1982) indicates that the occurrence of both univoltine and bivoltine populations may exist within northeastern N.A. Adults begin mating in early May shortly after emerging from hibernation. Females will deposit their eggs on the undersides of leaf surfaces an average of 1 egg mass per 5 days until the she dies (Oetting and Yonke 1971). Females can lay upwards of 300 eggs under laboratory settings (De Clercq 2000). Eggs take about 6 days to hatch and require temperatures of between 20° C to 25° C (De Clercq 2000; Oetting and Yonke 1971). Maturation to adult takes between 25 to 30 days (De Clercq 2000). 1/6/09 11:34 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6423-TrophicStrategy 6423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is a polyphagous predator that feeds primarily on the larvae of Lepidoptera and Symphyta (Hymenoptera) as adults. Evans (1983) reports significant numbers feeding on forest-tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum, colonies in Ithaca, New York, within the tents, as opposed to on the tents or in the areas surrounding them. It has been reported that they feed on plant juices as first instar nymphs (McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 11:34 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6420-ConservationStatus 6420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species has apparently been mass-reared for biological control of the Colorado potato beetle (McPherson 1982). 1/6/09 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6420-Cyclicity 6420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Strickland Museum collections range from May to December; McPherson (1982) notes Illinois records between January and October. 1/6/09 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6420-Distribution 6420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is widespread across North America including Mexico, ranging from coast to coast and north to but not including the Canadian Territories (Henry and Froeschner 1988; Maw et al. 2000). It has also been introduced into Europe as it is a significant predator of economically important pests (Henry and Froeschner 1988). The north-south range of this species in Alberta lies between Edmonton and Lethbridge. From east-west, it has been collected from Medicine Hat to the eastern front of the Rocky Mountains." 1/6/09 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6420-GeneralDescription 6420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species has both a red and yellow form, and both are slightly more robust around the pronotum and posterior abdomen thus giving them a very subtle hourglass shape as opposed to P. exaptus' distinct oval shape. The colouring of the red form is primarily in the pronotum and scutellum. In these structures the colouring appears only around the margins, except that in the pronotum a medial red strip separates two large black spots, and on the scutellum the basal margin remains black. The characteristic black spots on the pronotum also aid in distinguishing this species from P. exaptus. The margins of the connexivum and basal portions of the hemelytra are also red coloured. In the yellow form, slight differences occur in the location of the colouring. The pronotum still has a thick red bar along its posterior margin; however the black spots are surrounded by yellow. Additionally, the margins of both the corium and scutellum are completely lined with yellow enclosing blackened regions in the centres of these structures. As in the red form, the margins of the connexivum and basal portions of the hemelytra are yellow as well. The fore-femora of both forms have a ventral, elongated spine contrasting the stubby tubercle present in P. exaptus. This species is much larger in size than P. exaptus; length 8.5 to 11.5 mm (Blatchley 1926; McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6420-Habitat 6420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Habitat is unknown. 1/6/09 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6420-LifeCycle 6420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The species has 2 to 3 generations per year, with the final generation hibernating over the winter months. Eggs are laid in early spring in batches of 10 to 25. After roughly 5 to 8 days of incubating at temperatures between 20° C and 25° C the eggs hatch. The first four nymphal instars are gregarious with phytophagous feeding which is unlike that of species of the genus Podisus. Their predatory behaviour only appears after the first molt. Immatures require about 3 weeks to fully mature into adults. Once mated females can deposit between 100 and 200 eggs (De Clercq 2000)." 1/6/09 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6420-TrophicStrategy 6420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The species is a significant predator of larvae of Coleoptera, especially that of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Chrysomelidae) (De Clercq 2000). It has also been observed feeding on the leaves of potato plants despite its typical predatory feeding habits (McPherson 1982)." 1/6/09 11:12 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5774-ConservationStatus 5774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, a severe pest of wild and ornamental birch." 8/16/05 9:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5774-Cyclicity 5774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta late May to early June, mid July to August. Elsewhere continuous from May to late August." 8/16/05 9:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5774-Distribution 5774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "European native, Newfoundland to Maryland, Quebec and Ontario, Iowa, Washington, Oregon, Alberta, Northwest Territories, Alaska." 8/16/05 9:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5774-GeneralDescription 5774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: Small black sawflies 3.7 mm long. All black except for small amounts of white on each femur, tibia and tarsus. Wings with light brown banding and darker near the body. Antennae shorter than thorax (longer in Fenusa dohrnii). All sawflies of this group posses an ovipositor modified to be used as a saw to facilitate the deposition of eggs under the surface of leaves. Teeth (serula) of the lancet (saw) are low and flattened with 5 or 6 sub-basal teeth (only 3 in F. dohrnii). Males and females generally the same except males without ovipositor. \n\nLarvae: Creamy white with distinctive banding pattern on ventral side of thorax and abdomen. Final feeding stage 5.5 mm long. One of only three species in Alberta to feed inside birch leaves. Dorso-ventrally flattened with a prognathous (forward-facing) head. A small black stripe runs from the thorax to the 1st abdominal segment visible on the ventral surface in all instars but more easily distinguished in larger larvae. This stripe consists of four dark brown to black plates in the centre of thoracic segments 1-3 and abdominal segment one. Each plate is separate, but appears to be one contiguous peice. This stripe can be used to distinguish between F. pumila and two other birch leafmining species, Profenusa thomsoni and Heterarthrus nemoratus. In neither P. thomsoni nor H. nemoratus does the stripe continue on to the 1st abdominal segment. In F. pumila the 1st thoracic segment width is constant when viewed from the ventral or dorsal aspect. \n\nThe three North American Fenusa species complete development inside leaves of the host plant. Therefore, the larval host is an important diagnostic character. Fenusa pumila is widely distributed in North America on Birch, F. dohrnii feeds on Alder and F. ulmi occurs in eastern North America on Elm.\n\nAdapted from Smith 1971, Goulet 1992 and Lindquist 1959." 8/16/05 9:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5774-Habitat 5774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Unknown for adults. Larva feeders on wild and ornamental birch. 8/16/05 9:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5774-LifeCycle 5774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults emerge in late May to early June and fly to the leaf surface. Females use the saw-like ovipositor to deposit eggs near the mid-rib in the upper surface of newly expanded or expanding birch leaves (Drouin and Wong 1984). Eggs hatch 4 – 10 days later and larvae feed inside the birch leaf, often disrupting the host leaf's development. Infested leaves therefore have a distinctive 'crinkled' appearance. Larvae complete development within the leaf and create a blotch shaped mine adjacent to the mid-rib. When development is completed larvae drop to the ground to pupate. A second generation will emerge approximately 2 weeks later. In Alberta the offspring of the second generation overwinter, but elsewhere there may be multiple generations per year, the offspring of the last overwintering. In Alaska their appears to be only 1 generation per year (pers. obs). \n\nLeafminer adults appear to prefer the upper and outer leaves of birch trees which corresponds to new growth (Drouin and Wong 1984). Large populations are capable of totally defoliating whole forests. Where Profenusa thomsoni co-occurs feeding by both species can totally defoliate trees by mid to late July. An introduced species, F. pumila has been the target of multiple biological control efforts. \n\nTwo ichneumonid parasitoid wasps Lathrolestes nigricollis (Thomson) and Grypocentrus albipes Ruthe and one Eulophid wasp Chrysocharis nitetis (Walker) have been introduced together or separately to Newfoundland (Raske and Jones 1975),the Eastern United States (Driesche van et al. 1997), Quebec (Guèvremont and Quednau 1977) and Alberta (Langor et al. 2000) with varying degrees of success." 8/16/05 9:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5774-TrophicStrategy 5774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Primarily a feeder on members of the Betulaceae, common on a number of species of Betula (Birch)." 8/16/05 9:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5796-Cyclicity 5796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Initial flight in spring (early April) till early May, then June to late summer (Leach et al, 1940)." 1/30/06 9:38 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5796-Distribution 5796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental in Canada; eastern United States (Bright, 1976)." 1/30/06 9:38 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5796-GeneralDescription 5796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Distinguished by the more coarsely punctured post lateral areas of the pronotum, the dull minutely reticulated surface of pronotum and elytra, with apical margin appearing narrowly rounded from above. Frons of females are convex with surface coarsely, sparsely granulate. In males they are concave with a median tubercle between upper halves of the eyes. The anterior margin of pronotum of females is rounded with two large and two small median teeth. That of males is straight and unarmed (Bright, 1976; Wood, 1982)." 1/30/06 9:38 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5796-LifeCycle 5796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Similar to T. retusum in appearance and life cycle (Leach et al, 1940), the difference being on gallery construction which extend deeper into the heartwood in T. betulae. Adults are attracted to Betula spp, particularly B. papyrifera. Before the eggs hatch, the fungus overgrows and overcrowds the cradles. The larvae hatches within a week after the eggs are laid and begin to enlarge the larval cradles until they are slightly bigger than the size of an adult beetle. The fungus is consumed quickly by the growing larvae. The new emerging beetles acquire fungus for inoculation in the next season from fungal cells retained in the intestines of emerging pupae (Leach et al, 1940)." 1/30/06 9:38 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5797-Cyclicity 5797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Not investigated, but probably similar to T. lineatum (Bright, 1976)." 1/30/06 10:51 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5797-Distribution 5797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental in Canada; western United States (Bright, 1976)." 1/30/06 10:51 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5797-GeneralDescription 5797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Recognized by their dull finely reticulated surface of the elytra, with apical margin appearing subacuminate, narrowly rounded posterior margin, when viewed from above. (Bright, 1976; Wood, 1982). Frons of male deeply concave with lateral margins ornamented by abundant hair and anterior margin of pronotum straight and unarmed. Females frons are convex, surface reticulate with fine, sparse granules. Anterior margin of pronotum is rounded and unarmed. (Bright, 1976; Wood, 1982)" 1/30/06 10:51 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5797-TrophicStrategy 5797 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Picea spp., Pinus spp., and probably other species of conifers (Bright, 1976)." 1/30/06 10:51 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5853-ConservationStatus 5853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not currently a concern. Sedge sprites are abundant in the east of their range and more rare in the west. 4/7/06 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5853-Cyclicity 5853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight time varies across the range but can emerge as early as May and has been recorded as late as September. 4/7/06 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5853-Distribution 5853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Recorded in all Canadian provinces and territories except the Yukon but more northerly records are likely rare and not found in alpine regions (Westfall and May 1996, Acorn 2004). Found in most eastern and mid-west states as far south as Illinois and Maryland but only in the north part of western states." 4/7/06 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5853-GeneralDescription 5853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Sedge sprites are among the smallest of all damselfly species with slender abdomens and a total length less than 3 cm (Westfall and May 1996). Generally, they are metallic green with no post-ocular spots (pale-coloured markings just behind eyes, characteristic of many damselflies) (Walker 1953). Male sedge sprites are fairly easy to recognize due to the blue colour of the terminal two and a half abdominal segments with paired dark spots on the terminal two segments (Walker 1953). Females are very similar to males but the two terminal abdominal segments are each dark with a blue band (Westfall and May 1996). Females exhibit two colour and pattern morphs, one similar to the male and one with green and yellow colouration (Lajeunesse and Forbes 2003). The sedge sprite is of similar size and colouration to some species from the forktail genus (Ischnura) but differ in that forktails have obvious postocular spots (Acorn 2004).\nLarvae, like the adults, are small and slender. They are green or brown and have no obvious markings (Walker 1953). Identifying characters include spots on and below the margins of the gills and a dozen small spines on each side of the head towards the back (Westfall and May 1996). They are found at the base of dense, aquatic vegetation in habitats where adults fly (Westfall and May 1996). At the genus level, sprite larvae have one prominent (sometimes a second, but never none) bristle on either side of the upper lip just above the mandibles; although this character separates them from forktails it is not particular to sprites (De Marmels 1984)." 4/7/06 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5853-Habitat 5853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small, still bodies of water with emergent vegetation, especially marshes or bogs." 4/7/06 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5853-LifeCycle 5853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Specific life history information on sedge sprites is sparse, however general damselfly literature is abundant. Generally, eggs are laid in aquatic plant tissue above or below the water's surface where the female cuts the tissue with her ovipositor blades. For sedge sprites, floating, dead plant material may be preferable (Walker 1953). The female sedge sprite oviposits horizontally with the male still attached by his claspers to her thorax, positioned at a 45° angle to the female (Walker 1953). The female deposits one or sometimes several eggs into each cut; eggs are spindle shaped (Westfall and May 1996). Oviposition occurs in mid to late summer for sedge sprites (Walker 1953). Length of embryonic development varies greatly and may depend on water temperature but larvae often hatch after several weeks to just over a month after oviposition (Walker 1953). Larvae develop through a series of stages (instars) where they grow progressively larger. Sedge sprites over-winter as larvae and are fully grown by early spring (Walker 1953). Larvae will emerge from the water to become adults in early summer. Adults may disperse away from the water to feed and mature. They return to the wetlands upon sexual maturity to search for mates, at which time males are most visible darting in and around the vegetation (Westfall and May 1996). However, sedge sprites will avoid flying over open water and thus are generally inconspicuous (Walker 1953)." 4/7/06 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5853-TrophicStrategy 5853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown but they are generalist and opportunistic predators. The main component of the adult diet would be flies (e.g. midges) while larva feed on aquatic invertebrates (Corbet 2004). 4/7/06 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5847-ConservationStatus 5847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No information indicating any concern. 4/6/06 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5847-Cyclicity 5847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Emerge early July to early August (Fye 1965). May to October in southern parts (Mitchell 1962). 4/6/06 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5847-Distribution 5847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "MacKenzie to Newfoundland and south to Arizona, Tennessee, California, Illinois and Georgia (Krombein et al. 1970)." 4/6/06 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5847-GeneralDescription 5847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Females: Relatively small body size with a length of 9-12 mm, stout and completely black body with yellow spurs (articulated spine). Eyes become slightly convergent near the bottom. Soft downy hair (pubescence) is white and is quite dense around the antennae, lower face, cheeks, lateral and posterior thorax, lateral abdomen, and between dorsal abdomen segments. Wings are subhyaline (sub transparent). Large cheeks, only slightly wider than the eyes and mouth mandibles have 5 tooth projections. Pollen collecting “scopa” on the ventral abdomen with dense yellowish short hairs. (Mitchell 1962).\nMales: Body length of 8-10 mm, stout and completely black body and slightly reddish legs. Eyes become slightly convergent near the bottom. Large cheeks that are slightly wider then the eyes and mouth mandibles have 3 tooth projections. Pubescence are white and very dense around the antennae, lower face, cheeks below, lateral and posterior thorax. Wings are subhyaline (sub transparent). Tergum (dorsal abdomen segment) 7 is prominent, broad, short and has a deep excavation. Sternum (ventral abdomen segment) 5 is short and restricted. Sternum 6 has few setae on each side of the midline with no obvious apical lobe. Genital armatures have slender gonocoxites with a sharp appearing apex. (Mitchell 1962)." 4/6/06 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5847-Habitat 5847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prefers nesting sites at woodland edges (Medler & Koerber 1958); bores into wood (Krombein et al.). 4/6/06 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5847-LifeCycle 5847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Reported univoltine (one generation reaches maturity per year) in Ontario and bivoltine (two generations reaches maturity per year) in Wisconsin (Fye 1965, Medler & Lussenhop 1968). Nests are constructed by the mother bee with loosely packed leaf pieces to create the thimble-shaped cells and the nest entrance is plugged with circular leaf pieces (Medler & Koerber 1958) followed by a layer of chewed leaves and clay (Fye 1965, Medler & Koerber 1958). Nests appear rough in texture (Fye 1965). Eggs are laid in the cells and hatch 2 - 3 days later. There are 4 larval stages, which feed on the provisioning left by the mother bee (Medler & Koerber 1958). The last larval stage produces a reddish brown silk cocoon in the cell and pupates approximately 7 to 10 days later and all of the adult bees in the nest emerge at the same time (Medler & Koerber 1958). Nesting under rocks has been observed in Wisconsin (Medler & Lussenhop 1968). Nest site competition has been observed where eumenid and pompilid wasps take over M. relativa nests and vica versa (Medler & Koerber 1958). Parasitism by parasitic bees includes Coelioxys spp. and the large chalcoid wasp Leucospis affinis (Krombein 1970, Medler & Koerber 1958)." 4/6/06 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5847-TrophicStrategy 5847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polylectic (collects pollen from wide range of flowering plants) (Krombein et al. 1970). Pollen from various flowers includes Aster spp. and Rubus spp. (Krombein et al., Medler & Koerber 1958). Commonly cut leafs for their nests from flower species including Amelanchier spp., Epilobium anustifolium and Lonicera canadensis (Fye 1965)." 4/6/06 14:42 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23703-ConservationStatus 23703 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Unknown, known from very few localities but is locally common in the Kootenay Plains Ecological Reserve." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23703-Cyclicity 23703 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity End June – early August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23703-Distribution 23703 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from only a handful of localities in Alberta, Manitoba, and New Mexico." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23703-GeneralDescription 23703 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Overall very similar to A. argyrospila but the markings tend to be much more subdued to being nearly absent. It also tends to be slightly larger and mottling is less pronounced on the forewing. The forewing is normally dull greyish brown but varies from greyish olive to greyish red. The hindwings are typically grey.\nThe larva is similar to A. argyrospila but is slightly larger and the head is brown with a darker patch near the ocelli. (MacKay 1962) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23703-Habitat 23703 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie and montane. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23703-TrophicStrategy 23703 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larva feeds on Eleagnus. (Freeman 1958) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6093-Distribution 6093 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western North America, north to southern BC and east to extreme southern Alberta. There is a single specimen record for Alberta, from the Lost River valley near Onefour." 6/21/07 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6093-GeneralDescription 6093 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3.2 cm wingspan) robust ""hairy"" grey moth. The forewings are steely blue grey except for the costa, which is broadly pale gray-white. The smooth dark grey of the lower half of the forewing extends in an indistinct narrowing stripe to the apex. The subterminal line consists of a series of poorly defined short black streaks or elongated spots, increasing in size toward the lower margin, and lightly marked by white scales along the distal side. The post-median and in particular the antemedian line are each indicated at the costa by a short jagged black line. The hindwings are dark brownish grey. The antennae are simple or nearly so. The related P. cinerea is paler grey and flies in the fall. Pleromelloida conserta has the forewings crossed by one or more complete lines. The genitalia of bonuscula (male genitalia illustrated) and conserta are also very different." 6/21/07 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6093-Habitat 6093 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open woodland and shrubby grassland. 6/21/07 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6093-LifeCycle 6093 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known; apparently single-brooded. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The single Alberta specimen was collected on June 30, 2002. In adjacent BC they fly in early spring (late March – May). The host plant(s) of P. bonuscula appear to be unknown. The hosts of the closely related P. cinerea and P. conserta are reported to be snowberry (Symphoricarpos sp.)." 6/21/07 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6095-GeneralDescription 6095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0 -3.3 cm wingspan) robust grey or black moth. Form obliquata (Sm.)is the normal form throughout most of Alberta. The forewings of obliquata are medium grey crossed by black antemedian and postmedian lines. The subterminal line consists of a series faint white spots. There is also a faint darker grey median band and reniform spot. The hind wings are dull sooty brown with a dark discal lunule. The nominate form, which is found mainly in the mountains, has the forewings largely suffused with dark black, except for the light grey terminal band and costa. The closely related P. bonuscula is a more even steely blue-grey and lacks complete crosslines. The genitalia of concerta are also very different from those of bonuscula. P. cinerea is much paler grey and flies in fall." 6/21/07 14:03 3/3/15 11:14 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6095-Habitat 6095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry woodland and shrubby grassland. 6/21/07 14:03 3/3/15 11:14 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6095-LifeCycle 6095 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known; single-brooded, with adults emerging in the spring. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The host plant is reported to be snowberry (Symphoricarpos sp.)." 6/21/07 14:03 3/3/15 11:14 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6097-Distribution 6097 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western moth, found from southeastern Alberta and the Black Hills of South Dakota west to southeastern BC and eastern Oregon, south to New Mexico and Arizona. In Alberta peabodyae has been collected at low to mid (1300-1500m) elevations in dry open woodland in the mountains, north to Nordegg. It or a closely related undescribed species also occurs in the badlands of the Red Deer River." 6/21/07 14:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6097-GeneralDescription 6097 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size dull yellow-brown and grey-brown moth (3.5-4.2 cm wingspan). The pale cross-lines and spots do not contrast strongly with the darker ground. The hindwings are uniform grey-brown. Pronoctua species have an odd silky ""sheen"" (shared with Protoperigea species) that is hard to describe but once seen makes them fairly easy to recognize. Pronoctua peabodyae has darker hindwings and is darker and more contrasting than P. typica. The clasper of the male genitalia of P. peabodyae is very different from that of P. typica and Protoperigea species. See also the comments below re prairie versus mountain populations of peabodyae." 6/21/07 14:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6097-Habitat 6097 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat dry open woodland in the mountains 6/21/07 14:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6097-LifeCycle 6097 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. P. peabodyae is single-brooded, with adults in Alberta in late summer (July 31– Aug. 16 in the mountains; Aug. 11-22 in the badlands). The adults come to light. Lafontaine (1998) summarizes the larval description by Crumb (1956). The larval host(s) are apparently unknown, although the larva described by Crumb was reared on clover." 6/21/07 14:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5782-ConservationStatus 5782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common in North America (Warner and Negley 1976), not of concern." 10/20/05 14:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5782-Cyclicity 5782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Overwinter as larvae, pupae (Cooley 1904), or as adults in warmer climates (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5782-Distribution 5782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is widespread across Canada and occurs in all provinces (Warner and Negley 1976). It inhabits all of the United States with the exceptions of Georgia, Alabama, Arizona, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Tennessee (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5782-GeneralDescription 5782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Eggs are about .25 mm long, are milky white immediately after oviposition, and eventually turn pale brown (Cooley 1904). The young larvae are microscopic and resemble the large whitish larvae having a yellowish head (Cooley 1904). The soft and delicate pupae are between 5 and 7 mm long, are almost pure white, and reveal distinct adult parts with separate wing sacs along their backs that eventually fuse (Cooley 1904). Immediately after emerging from the pupa, the adult appears light brown, and eventually turns brownish black (Cooley 1904). Adults are 5 to 7 mm long, have elbowed antennae slightly widened at the tip, have fused elytra and cannot fly (Cooley 1904). The apex of their tibia is rounded, their femora are toothed with the first femora having 2 small teeth at the base, and their rostrum is short and stout (Warner and Negley 1976). When adults are disturbed, they pull in their legs and remain immobile (Cooley 1904)." 10/20/05 14:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5782-Habitat 5782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Adults live under foliage, in the ground, or in crowns of plants at base of leaf stems (Cooley 1904)." 10/20/05 14:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5782-LifeCycle 5782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Development is dependent on diet and temperatures (Umble and Fisher 2000). The weevils are parthenogenetic and there are no males in North America (Warner and Negley 1976). They crawl into the soil scattering their unfertilized eggs among plant roots between spring and late summer (Cooley 1904, Umble and Fisher 2000). After approximately 20 days, their eggs hatch, and the larvae begin feeding on plant roots (Cooley 1904). The larvae find themselves comfortable spots in the soil where they shed their skin and pupate (Cooley 1904). Dispersal of the flightless weevils is dependent on the distances they walk and often on shipments of horticultural products (Entomol. Soc. of Wash. 1999). They inhabit greenhouses, nurseries, vineyards, and other agricultural crops (Entomol. Soc. of Wash. 1999)." 10/20/05 14:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5782-TrophicStrategy 5782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is polyphagous, larvae feed on plant roots, and adults feed nocturnally on the foliage, buds and young shoots of a wider range of host plants (Warner and Negley 1976). North American host plants include borage, carrot, strawberry, hops, juniper, alfalfa, mint, bean, spruce, pine, peach, rhododendron, rose, raspberry, yew, arborvitae, red clover, hemlock, blueberry and grape (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4545-ConservationStatus 4545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rarely collected in Alberta; no obvious concerns. 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4545-Distribution 4545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from southern BC and southwestern Alberta south to Colorado, northern Arizona and southern California. In Alberta it has been collected in the mountains at Hailstone Butte (6000m) and in the foothills near Calgary (head of Pine Creek). They frequent dry open woodland and steppe." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4545-GeneralDescription 4545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Relatively small (approx. 2.5 cm wingspan) with light bodies, resembling geometridae. Dull mottled greyish-brown moths, somewhat variable in pattern. The basal half of the forewing is usually darker than the remainder, or has darker areas. The orbicular and reniform are usually large and pale, and contrast with the ground. In particular in lower part of the reniform is usually splayed towards the outer margin. The hindwings are lighter sooty brown, darker in females. Antennae in both sexes simple. Only one other species of Neologia, the much more common and widespread N. subjuncta, is known from Alberta. It tends to have the darkest area in the median part of the wing more or less in the shape of a bar near the lower margin. Best separated by range or by genitalia. A small (approx. 2.5 cm wingspan) geometrid-like noctuid moth with grey-brown forewings and dirty white to light grey hindwings. Specimens of tonsa may be highly variable in appearance; the three that are illustrated here are all from the same locality, Lillooet BC. In general the basal half of the forewing is dark and the outer half lighter, while the orbicular and large reniform spots stand out. Specimens of Neoligia from the mountains and foothills of Alberta require having the genitalia examined for positive identification. Females will require dissection, but males can often be identified by brushing and examining the tips of the valves." 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4545-Habitat 4545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat dry open woodland and steppe 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4545-LifeCycle 4545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be a single brood. The Alberta specimens were collected 10 and 25 July. The larval host plants are unknown. 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4545-TrophicStrategy 4545 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown 4/21/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4818-GeneralDescription 4818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the lampros group (subgenus Metallina). Black, usually with faint aeneous lustre, base of antennae (at least 1st segment below) and legs paler, reddish or piceous, but femora always darker than the tibiae which, however, have the extreme base darkened. Head with frontal furrows arcuate, no pronounced longitudinal ridge between anterior and posterior supraorbital punctures. Prothorax hardly constricted at base, latero-basal carinae long, straight, or even slightly converging at tip. Elytral striae more abbreviated in apical half, usually more finely punctured, the rudimentary 7th stria, behind shoulder, as evidently punctate as the 6th. Length 2.9 to 3.8 mm." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4818-Habitat 4818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This is a highland species, occurring in open, hilly country on sandy soil, usually moraine." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4818-LifeCycle 4818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Probably overwinters in the adult stage. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4818-TrophicStrategy 4818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5973-ConservationStatus 5973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/8/07 11:16 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5973-Cyclicity 5973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "April-August (plus one questionable January specimen) in collections, most from April-June." 1/8/07 11:16 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5973-Distribution 5973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "McNamara (2006) stated a Canadian range including Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario. O'Brien and Wibmer (1982) listed additional occurrences across the United States, including: CT, DC, IL, IN, MA, MD, NJ, NY, OH, PA, WI, FL, GA, NC, SC, TN, VA, CA, TX, ID, OR, WA, IA, KS, MO, NE, SD, MT. Strickland Museum specimens were collected mainly in Alberta (Canada), and Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, and New Jersey (United States)." 1/8/07 11:16 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5973-GeneralDescription 5973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "LeConte (1876) diagnosed this species as moderately large (9-11 mm), generally slender, and with a black cuticle overlain by fine, somewhat patchy, ashen-grey hairs. The background cuticle colour appears much closer to walnut-brown in our museum specimens. Separated, rounded posterior elytra tips are the key distinguishing feature for this species, it is otherwise fairly similar to Lixus rubellus Randall 1838. Within L. terminalis, the rostrum is as long as the prothorax, relatively thickened, and bears antennae near its anterior tip (1/5th of the way from the tip). The antennae have a first joint of their funicle (antennal segments between basal scape and clubbed tip) that is broader than the second joint. The prothorax is longer than it is wide, is dorsally rounded but with straight sides, and is broader than the elytra. Notches for accepting the fronts of the elytra appear almost straight in their lateral extremes, and the anterior constriction of the prothorax is gentle, giving it a rather boxy appearance. The medial angle (backwards projection along the midline of the prothorax) is small and pointed, and is situated just behind a dorsal impression which itself becomes shallower anteriorly, almost reaching the anterior edge of the prothorax. The femora of the legs are slightly club-shaped. There are punctures (pits) that are fine and dense upon the rostrum (becoming coarser on its sides). Punctures upon the prothorax are a mixture of interspersed fine and coarse pits; and are coarse, moderately deep, and widely spaced in a linear arrangement upon the elytra." 1/8/07 11:16 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5973-Habitat 5973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic (moist) habitats among herbs and shrubs, and in aquatic habitats (Anderson, 2002)." 1/8/07 11:16 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5973-LifeCycle 5973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females oviposit individual eggs into notches that they create in the stems of plants - it is not certain if there is a restricted set of larval food plants for this species (Milne and Milne, 1980; Webster, 1892). Larvae burrow into stems and roots, forming gall-like galleries where they then pupate (Blatchley and Leng, 1916). The adults emerge to feed on the soft tissues of various plants, often different plants from those used by larvae (Anderson, 1987). There appears to be only one generation per year in this species." 1/8/07 11:16 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5973-TrophicStrategy 5973 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "One specimen in the Strickland Museum collections was reared from Polygonum muhlenbergii, by D.H. Blake, but this was in a lab situation. Forbes (as cited by Webster, 1892) showed that Polygonum pennsylvanicum (Pennsylvania smartweed) was a likely larval food plant for this species by using it for rearing, but also stated that numerous other plants would suffice for feeding in nature." 1/8/07 11:16 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5356-ConservationStatus 5356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Few Alberta collections; worthy of tracking. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5356-Cyclicity 5356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early August to late September. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5356-Distribution 5356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern CA east to CO, western SD and southwestern SK and north to southern AB and BC. In Alberta it has been collected only in the foothills in the southwestern corner of the province, north to below Hailstone Butte. Bowman (1951) also lists ""Zone 3"" (Lethbridge area) but no specimens from there have been located." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5356-GeneralDescription 5356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "D. variabilis is a medium-size (3.8-4.0 cm wingspan) yellow-brown or pinkish-brown moth with white hindwings. It is a very ""clean"" looking moth; the only prominent markings are a small patch of dark scales indicating the orbicular spot and a dark vertical bar marking the reniform. It is unlikely to be mistaken for any other Alberta moth. Until recently it was placed in the genus Pseudorthosia, which is now treated as a subgenus (Lafontaine, 2004)." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5356-Habitat 5356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry open montane woodland; wooded grasslands drainages. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5356-LifeCycle 5356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and attracted to light. There is a single annual brood that flies in late summer and early fall. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5356-TrophicStrategy 5356 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No data. Crumb (1956) beat it from ""shrubs""." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4268-ConservationStatus 4268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common and widespread species. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4268-Cyclicity 4268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in July and August. 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4268-Distribution 4268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The extent of the range of idahoensis cannot be determined from the published literature, as what has been treated in the literature as idahoensis is now treated as a complex of at least 6 species, most of which have not yet been described. E. idahoensis occurs in Alberta in the foothills and mountains, as well as in wooded parts of the grasslands region. It is not known to occur east of Alberta." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4268-GeneralDescription 4268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "E. idahoensis is a member of the detersa group in the subgenus Euxoa. They are rather robust, medium-size moths (3.2-3.5 cm wingspan) with charcoal brown or sooty brown forewings. The costa is light grey or grey brown and contrasts with the ground, especially over the basal half. There is a prominent black basal dash, and the area in the discal cell before the orbicular and between the orbicular and the reniform spot is black. The orbicular spot is prominent, usually open to and concolorous with the pale costa. The crescent shaped reniform is less contrasting and is finely outlined with black scales in most specimens. The normal lines are absent, except for traces of the subterminal line indicated by a few dark saggitate spots. The hindwings are sooty brown with a darker discal mark. They are very similar to E. castanea, with the chestnut of E. castanea replaced by charcoal brown in idahoenesis. Until recently (2000) ""idahoensis"" was comprised of what is now recognized as a group of at least 6 species, most of which are being described as new. True idahoensis is larger, darker, less streaked, has a larger orbicular, is more charcoal brown in color and has broader ovipositor lobes than the other 5 species. Because of this taxonomic confusion, previously published information regarding idahoensis may refer to any or all of the 6 species in the complex, including idahoensis. Bowman (1951) listed idahoensis as a subspecies of E. costata." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4268-Habitat 4268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry woodlands in the foothills, mountains and grasslands region." 2/6/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6393-Distribution 6393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Circumpolar. Europe east across the boreal regions to Siberia; in North America it occurs across much of the boreal forest region, south in the mountains in the east. In Alberta it has been collected from north of Lake Athabasca (Cornwall Lake) south to Waterton Lakes National Park." 4/28/08 11:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6393-GeneralDescription 6393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2 cm wingspan) grey-brown or red-brown moth with ""squared"" wings and the abrupt ""shoulder"" characteristic of Tortricids. The forewing markings are highly variable. Some specimens (above at right) are poorly marked with markings confined to a narrow oblique rusty red line crossing the forewing midway, and a less prominent erratic line crossing from the midpoint of the costa to the anal angle. Other specimens are grey (lower at right) with the outer half of the wing dark red-brown, frequently with a dark oblique band near the forewing base. Hindwings mottled light brownish grey. The male genitalia (lower right) are quite distinct." 4/28/08 11:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6393-Habitat 6393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Probably occurs in wooded areas throughout the province. 4/28/08 11:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6393-LifeCycle 6393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Acleris maccana is a solitary leaf roller that feeds on a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs including Myrica, Vaccinium, Rhododendron, Malus, Betula, Salix, Populus and others. The flight period is late fall (late Aug – early Oct.) and again in early spring (early Apr – mid May), probably hibernating. There is a single annual brood. Adults come to light." 4/28/08 11:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6394-Distribution 6394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to AK, south to ME and WI in the east, south in the west to at least CO and CA." 4/28/08 13:40 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6394-GeneralDescription 6394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3 cm wingspan) jet-black moth with 2 large pale yellow or cream spots on each forewing and one (female) or two (males) large cream or white spots on the hindwings. The tegulae (scale patch on ""shoulders"") are pale yellow, and the legs have orange tufts. Other Alberta Foresters have prominent black linings along the veins across the spots, giving them a striped appearance. These are absent or very faint in lantana. A smaller pyralid moth (Anania funebris) is superficially very similar, down to the yellow tegulae, but is much smaller (1.8-2.2 cm wingspan) and less robust." 4/28/08 13:40 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6394-Habitat 6394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Widespread in Alberta, found throughout the wooded areas except in the grasslands region." 4/28/08 13:40 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6394-LifeCycle 6394 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single brood in Alberta, with adults from early May through early July. Adults are diurnal and visit flowers for nectar. The larvae feed on fireweed (Epilobium sp.) The colorful caterpillars (orange speckled with black and with sparse long setae) are illustrated in color on several sites on the web." 4/28/08 13:40 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6395-Distribution 6395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found at higher elevations in the mountains, north to Alaska and south through BC at least into the pacific northwestern states, west to Vancouver Island. There is a single Alberta record based on a specimen found in the Shigematsu collection, collected at Highwood Pass July 7, 1968." 4/28/08 14:19 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6395-GeneralDescription 6395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3 cm wingspan) diurnal jet black and cream moth. The forewings are black with a wide curved subterminal band and a large triangular basal patch of light cream. There is also a smaller square reniform spot, also cream. The pale areas are divided by a fine line of dark scales along each vein. Hindwings black with a large oblong cream patch in the center divided by a thick vertical black line. The black lining of the veins crossing the cream patches will separate ridingsii from all our other foresters except for the very similar but smaller (approx. 2.5 cm wingspan) Androloma maccullochii. Androloma males have a modified inflated costa containing a strip of membrane with vertical striations, giving the forewing costa a slightly convex shape. This is entirely lacking in ridingsii, which thus has a straight or slightly concave costa. The basal cream patch on the forewing of ridingsii extends only about halfway to the outer margin, but extends much further and almost meets the lower end of the subterminal band in maccullochii. The cream patches on the hindwings and in particular the basal patch is also larger in maccullochii, and the veins in the hindwing patch of maccullochii are more strongly lined with dark scales. Females are similar but lack the modified costa found in maccullochii." 4/28/08 14:19 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6395-Habitat 6395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species is found at higher elevations in the mountains. 4/28/08 14:19 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6395-LifeCycle 6395 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Foresters are diurnal, and have a rapid buzzing flight. They undoubtedly have only a single brood, at least here in Alberta. Larvae apparently feed on evening primrose (Oenothera sp.) (Jones, 1951)." 4/28/08 14:19 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4819-GeneralDescription 4819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the erasum grooup (subgenus Linoepha). Shiny black, often with faint bronzy, bluish or greenish hue; all appendages black, except that the tibiae are sometimes dark piceous. Prothorax with sides straight or extemely faint and short sinuation before hind angles which are obtuse in outline but form a small denticle at tip. Elytra with outer striae lacking, only the 2-3 innnermost striae evident. Length 3.0 to 4.2 mm." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4819-Habitat 4819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs among moss, leaves, etc. in hilly and mountainous locales." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4819-LifeCycle 4819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinters in the adult stage. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4819-TrophicStrategy 4819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4820-GeneralDescription 4820 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the lachnophoroides group (subgenus Actedium). Pale, reddish brown, head and prothorax dark aeneous, elytra with very faint metallic lustre and an obsolete dark band behind the middle; antennae and maxillary palpi darkened towards tip. Length 4.5 to 4.8 mm." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4820-Habitat 4820 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found on river banks in rather coarse, completely sterile sand close to water." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4820-TrophicStrategy 4820 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4821-TrophicStrategy 4821 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4822-TrophicStrategy 4822 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5841-ConservationStatus 5841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status At the eastern edge of its range in extreme southwestern Alberta. 3/7/06 14:14 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5841-Cyclicity 5841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Collected in Alberta in late June and early July. 3/7/06 14:14 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5841-Distribution 5841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western North America, from extreme southwestern Alberta west, and south to New Mexico (Troubridge and Lafontaine, in prep.). In Alberta it has been collected in Waterton National Park and near the Alberta-BC boundary at Island Lake in the Crowsnest Pass." 3/7/06 14:14 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5841-GeneralDescription 5841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (4.5-4.7 cm wingspan) powdery light grey moth with few markings. Forewing markings consist of a short, very fine black basal dash, a slightly larger black anal streak, a few dark scales marking the reniform and in some specimens traces of the postmedian line. The grey fringe is checked with black between the veins. The hind wings are dirty white, with darker grey-brown scales lining the veins and forming a thin terminal line. Antennae simple. Overall a very neat, clean looking moth compared to most Acronicta species. The closely related A. lepusculina is darker grey and has more prominent markings. Acronicta dactylina is also better marked, and lacks any trace of a basal streak." 3/7/06 14:14 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5841-Habitat 5841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry montane forest 3/7/06 14:14 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5841-LifeCycle 5841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. 3/7/06 14:14 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5841-TrophicStrategy 5841 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The only recorded larval host is snowbush (Ceanothus velutinus)(Miller and Hammond, 2003)." 3/7/06 14:14 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5869-ConservationStatus 5869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not known to be rare in North America. 4/13/06 11:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5869-Cyclicity 5869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults were collected in Alberta from early May through late September (J. Jacobs, pers. comm.)." 4/13/06 11:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5869-Distribution 5869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found coastally and slightly inland across North America, in the east from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia south to Vermont and Tennessee, and in the west from Alaska south along the coast to California, and slightly inland from the Rocky Mountains south to Arizona and Texas (Bousquet, 1990)." 4/13/06 11:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5869-GeneralDescription 5869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "All Rhizophagus spp. have antennal grooves on either side and slightly under the head (Bousquet, 2004). Body is fairly flattened, elongate and small, under 4.5 mm in total length (Bousquet, 2004). The final abdominal tergite (the last segment visible dorsally) is not covered by elytra (Sengupta, 1988). Larvae may be 2-6 mm in length and flat or cylindrical or tapered at both ends (Lawrence, 1991). There is an inward projection of the exoskeleton on the anterior segment of the underside of the thorax. The pronotum (section of exoskeleton directly behind the head) is covered in divets, and these divets are smaller than in comparable species (Bousquet, 1990). The elytra, or exoskeleton covering the hindwings, tend to be reddish at their base and get progressively darker brown moving back (Bousquet, 1990). Differences in the aedeagus (male copulatory organ) are also of use if identification is questioned (Bousquet, 1990)." 4/13/06 11:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5869-Habitat 5869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Under the bark of conifer trees in the west, conifer and broadleaf trees in the east (Bousquet, 1990)." 4/13/06 11:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5869-LifeCycle 5869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This taxon is very widespread with variable traits across North America. Eastern specimens are more often found on deciduous trees (eg. maple), than in the west where the dominant host is lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) (Bousquet, 1990). Rhizophagus dimidiatus have been found in ex-galleries of two bark beetle species Dendroctonus rufipennis and Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle). Catch in window traps in forested northern Alberta is the most abundant from mid to late July (J. Jacobs, pers. comm.)." 4/13/06 11:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5869-TrophicStrategy 5869 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Rhizophagus dimidiatus most likely feeds on fungus present on decaying coniferous trees and may is predatory toward bark beetles or their larvae, specifically D. rufipennis and D. ponderosae (characters of Rhizophagus, Peacock, 1977; Bousquet, 1990). Considering that this same species is found under the bark of deciduous trees as well in eastern Canada, it is likely that their feeding preferences are more general than specific." 4/13/06 11:33 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5974-ConservationStatus 5974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/8/07 11:26 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5974-Cyclicity 5974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Museum specimens were all captured in April-June, in Alberta, and are post-emergence adults." 1/8/07 11:26 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5974-Distribution 5974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "McNamara (2006) listed Canadian occurrences in Alberta and Ontario. O'Brien and Wibmer (1982) provided American occurrences in IL, IN, CA, OK, TX, IA, KS, MT, NE, and SD." 1/8/07 11:26 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5974-GeneralDescription 5974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "LeConte (1876) diagnosed this relatively small species as one in which the underlying cuticle is black and covered by a thin coat of grey pubescence - Stickland Museum specimens appear to have a much more reddish-brown coat on dorsal surfaces, but this is simply because their emergence coat has not rubbed off yet (Essig, 1958). This species is distinguished by its thick rostrum, which is as long as its prothorax, and bears coarse punctures (laterally), and a prominent fovea (shallow central pit) and shallow transverse depression on its front. Antennae are situated very close to the tip of the rostrum. The overall body shape is relatively ovate (in dorsal view). The prothorax has fairly round sides, is wider than it is long, and has broad indentations in its posterior edge (for accepting leading edges of elytra). These indentations meet along the midline of the prothorax to form a very broad triangle at the medial angle. The legs of this species have femora that are moderately slender and uniform in thickness. The elytra are significantly wider than the prothorax, with moderately deep depressions where they meet the prothorax, and rounded posterior tips. Punctures in the cuticle are minute on the prothorax, with sparse, coarser punctures interspersed. The elytra have much coarser punctures in a widely spaced distribution, but arranged in longitudinal bands (striae)." 1/8/07 11:26 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5974-Habitat 5974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic (moist) habitats among herbs and shrubs (Anderson, 1987)." 1/8/07 11:26 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5974-LifeCycle 5974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females oviposit individual eggs into notches that they create in stems (Milne and Milne, 1980). Larvae burrow into stems, forming gall-like galleries where they then pupate (Blatchley and Leng, 1916). The adults emerge to feed on the soft tissues of various plants; often different plants from those used by larvae (Anderson, 1987). Essig (1958) stated that there appears to be only one generation per year, and found that this species pupates late within the summer, with adult abundances in the western US occurring within the fall." 1/8/07 11:26 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5974-TrophicStrategy 5974 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No plant associations were noted in the University of Alberta collections, but Essig (1958) stated that this species is associated with knotweed. He found that this species created oblong galls about 1 cm in length, near the basal branches of this plant, often with multiple galls on a single plant. Riley (as cited by Webster, 1892) has also found that this species forms galls on Amelanchier (Saskatoon-berry bushes)." 1/8/07 11:26 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5975-ConservationStatus 5975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/8/07 11:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5975-Cyclicity 5975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Museum specimens were taken sporadically throughout the summer and fall months. 1/8/07 11:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5975-Distribution 5975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "American occurrences in Louisiana (O'Brien and Wibmer, 1982; Say, 1831) are supplemented by Strickland Museum records from IL, KS, and NY, as well as a Canadian occurrence in Alberta." 1/8/07 11:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5975-GeneralDescription 5975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Say (1831) noted that adult specimens are large (approximately 8.8 mm), with underlying cuticle that is pitch black and covered with numerous short, white hairs. The general body dimensions are fairly ovate in dorsal view (comparatively short and stout), with a tubular, arched rostrum, and a head that is slightly constricted between the eyes. The prothorax is wider than it is long, is strongly rounded at its front, and has fairly rounded sides. The medial angle (at the back of the thorax, along the midline) is depressed, and a broad and shallow longitudinal depression arises just anterior to the medial angle, fading as it heads forward. Punctures on the cuticle are small and dense on the sides of the rostrum's base, comparatively small and dense across the thorax, and larger on elytra, but progressively smaller and constrained to longitudinal grooves near the posterior tip of the elytra. Say's original diagnosis has been supplemented with a few characters suggested by LeConte, (1876) in the identification above." 1/8/07 11:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5975-Habitat 5975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic (moist), semi-aquatic and aquatic habitats (Anderson, 2002; Webster, 1892)." 1/8/07 11:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5975-LifeCycle 5975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females oviposit individual eggs into notches that they create in stems (Milne and Milne, 1980). Larvae burrow into stems, forming gall-like galleries where they then pupate (Blatchley and Leng, 1916). The adults emerge to feed on the soft tissues of various plants; often different plants from those used by larvae (Anderson, 1987). There appears to be only one generation per year for this species. Essig (1958) stated that this species was quite similar to Lixus parcus, but was found to inhabit the eastern US as well as Texas and Colorado. This similarity would suggest that it too pupates late within the summer, with adult abundances occurring within the fall." 1/8/07 11:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5975-TrophicStrategy 5975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Some adult specimens in the Strickland Museum have been collected from the foliage of thistles (in the vicinity of Medicine Hat, Alberta). This species has also been reared from the foliage of Polygonum amphibium (water smartweed)(Webster, 1892). Otherwise, they are known from knotweed as larvae and pupae, and from a wide range of plants as feeding adults." 1/8/07 11:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4692-ConservationStatus 4692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 6/8/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4692-Cyclicity 4692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults appear in June. 6/8/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4692-Distribution 4692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "So far only recorded from southeast British Columbia; listed as probable species for Alberta (Pohl et al., in prep.)." 6/8/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4692-GeneralDescription 4692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Antenna with brown and white alternating annulations. Head ochreous. Thorax and forewing straw yellow. Fringe whitish. Hind wing pale grey; fringe whitish. Legs straw yellow. Wingspread 12-14 mm. (Freeman, 1972: 696). Male genitalia discussed and illustrated in Freeman (1972: 696; fig. 25).\nThere are no confirmed records yet of this species for Alberta. It closely resembles A. laricella which is larger, has longer hair pencils in the male genitalia, and has a different food plant (1972: 696). It might also be mistaken for other species of Argyresthia with uniform ground color on the forewing (A. abies, A. flexilis, A. mariana) but is different from all of them in its food plant (Larix occidentalis).\n" 6/8/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4692-Habitat 4692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Primarily boreal habitats, where the western larch (Larix occidentalis) grows." 6/8/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4692-LifeCycle 4692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva bores into terminal twigs of Larix occidentalis (Freeman, 1972: 696)." 6/8/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4692-TrophicStrategy 4692 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "All the type material was reared from larvae on western larch, Larix occidentalis (Freeman, 1972: 696)." 6/8/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4711-ConservationStatus 4711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This species is considered a major forest pest, especially in Ponderosa pine forests." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4711-Cyclicity 4711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight period is from early May through June. This may be extended if conditions remain warm. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4711-Distribution 4711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found in pine forests in British Columbia in Canada. There are no records for this species in Alberta. This species is also found in the pine forests of the western USA in Washington, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico and as far south as Chihuahua in Mexico." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4711-GeneralDescription 4711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Declivity is moderately steep, pubescent and has weak, granulate punctures on the interstriae. Depressions are found on the declivity between the first and third striae. The frons has a median groove that extends from the epistomal process to the upper level of the eyes. Usually very dark brown and between 2.0 and 4.7 mm. Closest ally is D. frontalis Zimmermann." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4711-Habitat 4711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Living trees in conifer forests throughout its range. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4711-LifeCycle 4711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Overwintering adults become active in the spring as the local weather begins to warm. The female will find an appropriate host and will begin to attack the hard bark of the tree. The female will then be joined by the male and mating will occur. This species is polygynous so many females can be found in one gallery. Galleries can be large and may overlap upon itself. Oviposition occurs 8 days after mating and will last for 10 to 49 days, if interrupted by winter oviposition will continue in the spring. Up to 41 million eggs can be found in one gallery. After about 7 days the eggs will hatch and the larvae will mine the phloem for between 30 and 35 days, if winter interrupts the life cycle it will overwinter as a pre-pupae. The larvae pupates for 6 to 20 days and will remain within the gallery for 1 to 2 weeks after emergence before it leaves the tree. This species can have between 1.5 to 4 generations per year, depending on local weather conditions." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4711-TrophicStrategy 4711 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on Pinus ponderosa and P. coulteri. During outbreaks it may feed on other Pinus species. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6396-Distribution 6396 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An eastern species, found from the Maritimes west to central Alberta, south to about New Jersey and Minnesota. In Alberta it occurs throughout the boreal forest in the eastern half of the province." 4/28/08 14:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6396-GeneralDescription 6396 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large (3-4 cm wingspan) white to very pale grey-white moth. Markings consist of small black spots or dashes indicating the antemedian and postmedian lines where they cross the veins, in some specimens joined to form a continuous line, and a small black discal dot on all four wings. Fringe checkered with black at the veins. Head and front half of tegulae yellow. Male antennae are strongly pectinate. Similar Nepytia species are all grey, not white, and more heavily marked." 4/28/08 14:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6396-Habitat 6396 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta it occurs throughout the boreal forest in the eastern half of the province. 4/28/08 14:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6396-LifeCycle 6396 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single brood, with adults in late summer and early fall. The Alberta specimens were collected late August to mid September. Adults come to light. Larvae are omnivorous or nearly so, and have been reported on a wide range of herbs, shrubs, trees and even grasses, occasionally reaching pest status in the east." 4/28/08 14:41 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5851-ConservationStatus 5851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Probably of no concern. 4/7/06 8:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5851-Cyclicity 5851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late August to early September. 4/7/06 8:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5851-Distribution 5851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western North American species. Described by Grote (1880) from a specimen collected on Vancouver Island by Henry Edwards. In addition, Fernald (1896) reported it from California and Columbia (sic). Listed from many Counties in the online California Moth Specimen Database. Clifford Ferris (pers. comm.) has found it in Albany Co., Wyoming. A male genitalic preparation which Ferris prepared matched that of Alberta material. Not reported for Alberta by Bowman (1951) and unknown in the Province until now. In Alberta, known mainly from areas along the Battle, Red Deer, South Saskatchewan and Lost Rivers. An interesting exception was a collection from a mixedwood area, 8 km NW of Winfield." 4/7/06 8:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5851-GeneralDescription 5851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A larger crambid (24-26 mm wingspan) with conspicuous, brushy, porrect labial palps and narrow forewings (as the species name implies). The forewings are pale cinereous with fuscous areas and a scattering of dark scales. A poorly defined, whitish stripe extends from the base to the terminal line. It is crossed beyond the cell by an oblique dark line. The terminal space is narrow, light yellow-orange in color with seven dark dots. The space, subterminal and terminal lines parallel the termen except near the apex where they run obliquely into the costa. The fringes are whitish in color. The hindwings are pale fuscous, somewhat darker than the forewings. The genitalia have apparently not been illustrated. Originally described as Crambus attenuatus (Grote 1880)." 4/7/06 8:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5851-Habitat 5851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native grassland. 4/7/06 8:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5851-LifeCycle 5851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Adults fly at night and come to light. 4/7/06 8:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5851-TrophicStrategy 5851 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. It is likely that the larvae feed on grasses. 4/7/06 8:24 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5976-ConservationStatus 5976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not a concern. 1/8/07 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5976-Cyclicity 5976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Two broods per year, mid-May and July. Those hibernating can live through next August." 1/8/07 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5976-Distribution 5976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Common across North America (Hungerford 1917), from the boreal to short prairie biomes in Alberta." 1/8/07 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5976-GeneralDescription 5976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Notonecta undulata (10-12 mm) is the smallest, most elegant of the adult Albertan notonectids (10-12 mm), and is pale rather than all white (Brooks and Kelton 1967). The black scutellum, occasionally with light spots at the apex, and pale hemelytra blend in with the sky when seen from below. The ventral surface is dark, blending in with the sediments when seen from above. Using a microscope or powerful hand-lens, one can see its hairy central keel on the underside of the fourth abdominal sclerite. This differentiates N. undulata from the two other Albertan notonectids, N. kirbyi and N. borealis (Brooks and Kelton 1967). In the boreal region only one species, N. borealis may be confused with N. undulata. Notonecta borealis is a larger (12-14 mm) and predominantly white species, not pale yellow or light green. Other than its smaller size and thinness, brown anterior femurs differentiate N. undulata from N. borealis, which has brown coxae in addition to femurs brown on the ventral-side (Brooks and Kelton 1967). South of the Edmonton region in the Alberta prairie zones, N. kirbyi can be differentiated by size alone. It is the largest species in Canada (12-15 mm). The hemelytra of N. kirbyi are also distinctive: hemelytra membranes are black at the anterior portion but fades clear towards the tip and there are broad, cloud-like bars which stretch across the clavus to the cuneus. Alternatively, N. undulata wing membranes are pale with a large, irregular spot on the median line (Brooks and Kelton 1967). The only Albertan species of Anisopinae, Buenoa confusa, can be diffentiated from all Notonectinae by its three segmented beak and antennae, smaller size (5-8mm) and shininess (Hungerford 1917 a, b, Brooks and Kelton 1967). Notonecta undulata is synonymous with N. punctata Say, N. (Paranecta) undulata, and N. undulata var. charon Kirkaldy (Henry and Froeshner 1988)." 1/8/07 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5976-Habitat 5976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Complete life-cycle in urban or rural open pools with plants/debris, adults feed in any lentic system." 1/8/07 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5976-LifeCycle 5976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are 1.6-2 mm long, pearly and ovaltine with a hexagonal pattern on the chorion. Hatches after 12 days in spring, six in summer (Hungerford 1917b). Lives in primarily fishless ponds (Streams 1987). Oviposition is on the surface of plants and even large aquatic invertebrates (Hungerford 1917a,b). Ova generate after hibernation and 5 nymphal instars require ~50 days to development (Rice 1954). Adults hibernate in 10-13 centimeters deep in the benthos (Clark 1928), can survive up to six weeks in damp leaf litter (Hungerford 1917). Upper water column ambush predators lighter than water, N. undulata minimizes its swimming time by adhering to objects and capturing prey with short pro- and mesothoracic legs (Streams 1992). Pools housing mosquito larvae may be visited by adults. Conditions of low food availability and complete surface coverage by primary producers preclude N. undulata from oviposition in pools, not water turbidity (Clark 1928). Pesticides reduce survival (Relyea 2005)." 1/8/07 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5976-TrophicStrategy 5976 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "First instar nymphs feed on small diptera, crustacea and ostracoda, and collembolan are included in the second instar (Giller 1986). The third through fifth instars prey on increasingly larger items, including mosquito, Tabanid (horse flies) and dragonfly larvae. Fifth instars are important surface scavengers and adults will eat anything they can subdue, including small fish (Clark 1928)." 1/8/07 11:59 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4320-ConservationStatus 4320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The only Canadian records are for two specimens collected in Alberta. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4320-Cyclicity 4320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only available Alberta date is July 12. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4320-Distribution 4320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta south to Texas and California. In Canada, known only from Lethbridge (McGuffin 1972) and Dinosaur Provincial Park." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4320-GeneralDescription 4320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small geometrid with unique markings and strongly pectinate antennae. The upper side is dark yellow-brown with a short, beige subapical band and checkered wing fringes. The underside is beige with silvery white markings, reminiscent of a miniature fritillary butterfly." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4320-Habitat 4320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie badlands. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4320-LifeCycle 4320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immature stages are undescribed. The closely related N. georgiana feeds on shrub goldenrod (Chrysoma pauciflosculosa), and fimetaria may feed on a similar species of composite. Adults are likely diurnal like those of georgiana (Covell et al. 1984), but they do come to light at least occasionally. This species may be double-brooded in Alberta, flying in May and again in July-August, as is the case for other members of the genus (Covell et al 1984)." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4320-TrophicStrategy 4320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. A closely related species feeds on shrub goldenrod. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4321-ConservationStatus 4321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "In Alberta, known only from a few sites in the Edmonton region. Rare." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4321-Cyclicity 4321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta flight dates range from late May to mid June. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4321-Distribution 4321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central Alberta east to New Brunswick, IN, and NY (McGuffin 1987)." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4321-GeneralDescription 4321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Brown-grey ground colour with dark AM and PM lines, PM line bordered proximally with dark brown. Discal spot black. Very similar to M. duaria, but lacks the reddish brown overtones of that species. M. warnerae also has a smoother, straighter PM line than M. duaria. McGuffin (1987) states that the presence of dark shading on the inside of the PM line distinguishes warnerae from duaria, but this trait is found in both species in Alberta specimens." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4321-Habitat 4321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic deciduous and mixedwood boreal forest. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4321-LifeCycle 4321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "McGuffin (1987) indicates that this species is diurnal, but adults also come to lights. Virtually no life history information is available for this species. It is very rare in Alberta." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4321-TrophicStrategy 4321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on cherry, dogwood and willows (Prunus, Cornus and Salix spp.) (McGuffin 1987)." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5434-ConservationStatus 5434 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Abundant. 6/6/05 9:40 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5434-Cyclicity 5434 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Most specimens in collections were collected during April and May. 6/6/05 9:40 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5434-Distribution 5434 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widely distributed across Canada and the northern U.S.A. 6/6/05 9:40 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5434-GeneralDescription 5434 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adult size of D. badipes is on average between 13 and 19 mm long (Downie and Arnett, 1996). The entire dorsal surface of D. badipes is black or dark brown with black pubescence (Arnett and Thomas, 2000). Head and elytra finely but densely punctate. The femurs and tibiae are red or reddish-brown and so are the coxae. Antennae have 11 antenomeres and are also red or reddish-brown. The mandibles are reddish-brown basally but dark or nearly black apically. Each abdominal sternum (ventral surface of abdominal segments) has a transverse bar of golden pubescence on the anterior side which is sometimes not easily seen (Smetana and Davies, 2000). The tarsal formula is 5-5-5." 6/6/05 9:40 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5434-Habitat 5434 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found under rocks and debris and also in leaf litter. Prefer to be near water (Arnett and Thomas, 2000)." 6/6/05 9:40 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5434-LifeCycle 5434 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little is known about the life history of D. badipes other than that its habitat is under covers of various types and located near water (Arnett and Thomas, 2000). It was successfully reared using diplopods as food source (Snider, 1984). Also, like virtually all the Staphilinini, D. badipes possess a paired eversible gland that is used for defense(Arnett and Thomas, 2000). This gland, located at the tip of the abdomen is brought in contact with the threatening agent and a defense chemical is released." 6/6/05 9:40 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5434-TrophicStrategy 5434 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Little is known on the diet of D. badipes other than both the adult and larvae can do well in captivity on a diet of diplopods (Polydesmus inconstants) (Snider, 1984)." 6/6/05 9:40 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5435-Cyclicity 5435 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Specimens in the Strickland Museum were collected in July, August and October." 6/6/05 10:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5435-Distribution 5435 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widely distributed across Western Canada and the northwestern U.S.A. 6/6/05 10:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5435-GeneralDescription 5435 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult D. pleuralis are about 13mm in size. Dinothenaus pleuralis has dark red elytra. This color is also present on the antennae and the legs. The coxae are darker but have a remnant of leg color. On the scutellum, are many small patches of yellow setae anteriorly (Arnett and Thomas, 2000). Also, the first visible abdominal segment is covered with yellow setae while the other segments only have few yellow setae anteriorly." 6/6/05 10:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5435-Habitat 5435 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found under rocks, debris and in leaf litter. Prefer to be near water (Arnett and Thomas, 2000)" 6/6/05 10:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5435-LifeCycle 5435 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Like all the members of the Staphilinini tribe, D. pleuralis possesses paired eversible defensive glands located at the tip of the abdomen. If threatened, D. pleuralis brings its last abdominal segment in contact with the threat and releases a chemical mixture (often mixed with defecations) to repell its opponent." 6/6/05 10:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5436-ConservationStatus 5436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Abundant. 6/6/05 11:37 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5436-Cyclicity 5436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity More abundant in early spring but active throughout summer and fall. 6/6/05 11:37 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5436-Distribution 5436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widespread and common in eastern and northwestern North America. 6/6/05 11:37 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5436-GeneralDescription 5436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The head and thorax of the O. cingulatus larvae are dark brown-red and the abdomen is dirty-brown color (Voris, 1939). The mature larvae can reach 25mm long and 4mm wide. The adult size range is between 13-18 mm but can reach up to 21mm. The brown body of O.cingulatus is irregularly marked with spots of heavy dark pubescence (Downie and Arnett, 1996). The tip of the abdomen is densely covered with golden-yellowish pubescence which also covers the metasternum (Downie and Arnett, 1996). Like for the other species of the genus Ontholestes, the anterior angles of the prontum are extended and angular, quite pointed (Smetana and Davies, 2000). Most of the leg is reddish-brown with the femora darker and the apex and the lateral edge usually lighter but variable (Smetana and Davies, 2000). The tarsal formula is 5-5-5. The dark red antennae have 11 segments with the last obliquely notched." 6/6/05 11:37 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5436-Habitat 5436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodland area but also open field. Adults and larvae are found on carrion, dung and decaying organic material (Arnett and Thomas, 2000)." 6/6/05 11:37 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5436-LifeCycle 5436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Two or three days before pupation, the larva forms a nest-like cavity in a substrate like dung or soil, encloses itself in it and pupates (Voris, 1939). The pupal period varies between 10 to 14 days (Voris, 1939). Males of the species O. cingulatus were shown to exhibit an adaptive mate-guarding behavior. The male O. cingulatus stays close to the female after copulation while she oviposits to avoid fertilization from other males (Alcock, 1991). If threatened, O.cingulatus will bring the tip of its abdomen in contact with the threat and release a chemical defense." 6/6/05 11:37 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5436-TrophicStrategy 5436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A predator of flies associated with dung and carrion but also attracted to other decaying organic matter such as fungi, fruits and vegetables." 6/6/05 11:37 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31243-ConservationStatus 31243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Abundance of this pest species is variable over time and space (Campbell et al. 1989). 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31243-Cyclicity 31243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Weevils are active from spring to fall, when temperatures are 10 to 24° C (Campbell et al. 1989)." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31243-Distribution 31243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has been recorded in southern regions of most of the Canadian provinces, with the exception of Manitoba; in Alberta, records show that it occurs in the Lethbridge and Taber counties (Bright and Bouchard 2008). There are also records of the weevil in Alaska and northern British Columbia and it has been recorded as far south in North America as eastern Mexico (Bright and Bouchard 2008). This spcies was likely introduced to North America from Europe (Campbell et al. 1989)." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31243-GeneralDescription 31243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult S. hipidulus are distinguished from other adult Sitona weevils by the presence of a row of long and erect setae along the median of each elytral interstria. Eyes are weakly convex. Rostrum is without carnia. Frontal rostral groove extends from near the level of the antennal groove to above the upper eye level. Bodies are stout, ranging in length from 3.2 to 4.0 mm. Bodies are black, while antennae, tarsi and tibiae are a dark reddish black colour. The pronotum is wider than it is long, widest in the middle and strongly arcuate. The pronotal surface is shiny with large scattered deep punctures, each puncture possessing an erect seta. The groove on the prosternum is evident between the fore coxae and the anterior of the prosternum. The elytra are parallel for two thirds of the length and may be slightly arcuate. The elytral surface has large strial punctures that are not visible due to dense surface scales. The vestiture consists of dense, small scales, completely covering the interstriae and striae and includes median interstrial rows of erect, long and hair-like setae. Scales may be light brown, forming indistinct brownish spots. (Adapted from Bright 1994, Bright and Bouchard 2008)" 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31243-Habitat 31243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Agricultural systems where clover, alfalfa, vetch and sweet clover are found (Campbell et al. 1989)." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31243-LifeCycle 31243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs, larvae and adults of this univoltine species all have the potential to overwinter (Davidson and Lyon 1979, Campbell et al. 1989). Overwintering occurs beneath clover and alfalfa debris (Campbell et al. 1989). Unlike S. lineatus and S. cylindricollis, new generation weevil adults are not sexually immature; therefore, mating and oviposition may occur in the autumn (Campbell et al. 1989). Migration to and from overwintering locations occurs largely by walking, as individuals of this species tend to be weak fliers (Campbell et al. 1989). Peak weevil activities, including mating, migrating, egg-laying and feeding occur when mean daily temperatures range between 10 and 24° C (Campbell et al. 1989), and Culik and Weaver (1994) identified three peak times of crawling activity, occurring in April/May, mid-June to mid-July and September to mid-November. Eggs may be laid at temperatures as low as 4° C at night or during daylight hours, and are deposited at the bases of plants, under debris, or on stems, stipules and leaves (Bigger 1930, Campbell et al. 1989). On average, 167 eggs are produced per female (Bigger 1930). Incubation times are dependent upon the geographic region inhabited, and range from 6 days to several weeks (Campbell et al. 1989). If laid in autumn, eggs do not hatch until spring (Bigger 1930). Larvae feed upon roots and root nodules for a total of five larval instars, the duration of larval feeding varies between regions (Tan and Hower 1991). Early instars feed within root nodules and later instars leave the nodules and feed on fibrous root tissues (Campbell et al. 1989, Tan and Hower 1991). Pupation occurs in the soil, within 8 cm of the soil surface, and adults emerge as early as late June in the United States (Bigger 1930), with emergence continuing throughout the summer." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31243-TrophicStrategy 31243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed upon the roots and root nodules of red clover (Trifolium pretense), white clover (Trifolium repens) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (Murray and Clements 1994, Murray and Clements 1995). Root nodules are often destroyed and taproots may be girdled (Davidson and Lyon 1979, Campbell et al. 1989). Adults feed on leaves of clover and alfalfa plants, creating crescent shaped notches along the leaf margin (Campbell et al. 1989, Barratt and Byers 1992)." 1/15/09 8:45 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5852-ConservationStatus 5852 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Probably of no concern. 4/7/06 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5852-Cyclicity 5852 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Early July to mid August. 4/7/06 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5852-Distribution 5852 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western North American species. Described by Barnes & McDunnough (1918) from a specimen from Tuolumne Meadows, California. Recorded from two Counties in the California Moth Specimen Database. Not reported for Alberta by Bowman (1951) and unknown in the Province until a specimen was reported from the Caribou Mountains in Schmidt et al. (2004)." 4/7/06 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5852-GeneralDescription 5852 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A larger crambid with porrect labial palps. Males have a 24-27 mm wingspan while females are smaller with a wingspan of 19-25 mm. The palps and head are smoky white. The thorax and forewings are brown with a slight reddish tinge. The forewings are evenly colored except for faint median and subterminal cross lines. The terminal space is of the same color as the rest of the forewings and it contains three or four dark dots. The fringes are of the same color as the rest of the forewings. The hindwings are pale smoky brown with a thin basal line next to the smoky gray fringe. G. Balogh kindly provided the attached drawing of the male genitalia. Genitalia from several Alberta specimens matched that of the drawing. Originally described as Crambus ericellus (Barnes & McDunnough 1918). A European species, Crambus ericella Hübner, is not related." 4/7/06 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5852-Habitat 5852 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mainly prairies and aspen parkland. 4/7/06 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5852-LifeCycle 5852 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Adults fly at night and come to light. 4/7/06 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5852-TrophicStrategy 5852 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. It is likely that the larvae feed on the roots of grasses. 4/7/06 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4811-ConservationStatus 4811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4811-Cyclicity 4811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity All of the adults were collected in June. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4811-GeneralDescription 4811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Member of the coxendix group (subgenus Odontium). Black, upper surface rather shiny, bronze or aeneous; 1st antennal segment and base of 2nd-4th and at least tibiae rufous. Prothorax broad and markedly cordiform; latero-basal carinula rudimentary. Elytral striae with rather strong and dense, slightly transverse punctures; intervals moderately convex. Length 4.5 to 6.7 mm." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4811-Habitat 4811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Adults ocur on bare, soft clay-flats of the river bank." 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4811-TrophicStrategy 4811 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both larvae and adults are predatory. 7/16/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5902-ConservationStatus 5902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Neottiglossa undata is very common. 6/19/06 9:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5902-Cyclicity 5902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from June to August (McPherson 1982). 6/19/06 9:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5902-Distribution 5902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Neottiglossa undata ranges across Canada and the United States. It ranges from Alaska to California (Scudder 2004). 6/19/06 9:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5902-GeneralDescription 5902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Neottiglossa undata is elongate, oval and ranges from 4.5-6.0mm. The head is triangular and relatively flat. It is pale yellow to brown with shallow black punctures. There is a slightly raised yellow median line extending from base of clypeus to the apex of the scutellum. Antennae are reddish yellow with the third antennal segment three quarters the length of the second. Leg segments are brown but the base of each femur is pale. They can be distinguished from N. trilineata by smaller size and widespread pale areas on propleura and dorsal surface of head (McPherson 1982)." 6/19/06 9:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5902-Habitat 5902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in grassy habitats across North America (Scudder 2004). 6/19/06 9:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5902-LifeCycle 5902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwinter as adults (McPherson 1982). 6/19/06 9:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5902-TrophicStrategy 5902 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Neottiglossa undata feeds on blue-grass, timothy, red clover, mullein and riverside grape (Blatchley 1926). They also feed on Verbascum species of Scrophulariaceae and Vitis species of Vitaceae (Rider 2005)." 6/19/06 9:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5903-ConservationStatus 5903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Neottiglossa trilineata is uncommon (McPherson 1982). 6/19/06 9:46 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5903-Cyclicity 5903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found between June and August. 6/19/06 9:46 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5903-Distribution 5903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Neottiglossa trilineata ranges from Nova Scotia west to British Columbia (McPherson 1982). It ranges across the United States with its northern most range in Alaska and southern most range in California (Scudder 2004). 6/19/06 9:46 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5903-GeneralDescription 5903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Neottiglossa trilineata is elongate, oval and 5.5-6.0 mm long. The head is black or brownish black with deep black punctures. It is triangularly shaped lacking swollen juga. The pronotum and scutellum have a pale median line that extends from base to apex. The elytra and base of pronotum are dull yellow. The legs are yellow with femora and tibia having black lines or spots. The beak just about reaches hind coxae. Neottiglossa trilineata can be distinguished from N. undata because of its larger size darker colouring and absence of line on clypeus (McPherson 1982)." 6/19/06 9:46 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5903-Habitat 5903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in grassy habitats across North America (Scudder 2004). 6/19/06 9:46 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4322-ConservationStatus 4322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status In Alberta known only from the Wainwright sand dunes complex. Widespread in the East. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4322-Cyclicity 4322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single Alberta record is for mid July. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4322-Distribution 4322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An eastern species, recently found as far west as east-central Alberta." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4322-GeneralDescription 4322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A robust, mainly black and creamy-white moth. Similar to Biston betularia, but the median area of N. quernaria is darker, not concolorous with the outer third of the wing. N. quernaria also has diffuse light tan patches along the wing margin, lacking in betularia." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4322-Habitat 4322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Aspen-cherry shrubland. 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4322-LifeCycle 4322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The caterpillar is rather short and stout for a geometrid, and varies in colour from grey to brown or greenish (Wagner et al. 2001). Pupae hibernate. Adults are nocturnal and come to light." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4322-TrophicStrategy 4322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a variety of hardwood trees. Reported hosts which occur in Alberta include white birch (Betula papyrifera), willow (Salix spp.), poplars (Populus spp.) and cherry (Prunus spp.)." 2/19/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4344-ConservationStatus 4344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of no concern. 3/3/04 0:00 2/6/15 13:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4344-Cyclicity 4344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to mid July. 3/3/04 0:00 2/6/15 13:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4344-Distribution 4344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species. Fernald (1896) reported it from Ontario, Maine, New York, North Carolina, Illinois, Missouri, Colorado, Arizona and California. Also known from South Dakota (McDaniel (1984), Michigan (1996) and Quebec and Labrador (Handfield 1997). In Alberta, Bowman (1951) reported it from the Edmonton area. It, however, is widespread in the prairies and aspen parkland and even in the boreal forest." 3/3/04 0:00 2/6/15 13:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4344-GeneralDescription 4344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized crambid (13-24 mm wingspan). Forewing varying from yellowish brown to rich brown; median and subterminal lines weak; subterminal line angled inwards near the top; terminal line very indistinct, sometimes consisting of only a row of 3-5 dark dots; apex slightly produced. Hind wing smoky brown (fuscous). Referred to as Crambus luteolellus Clem. in Hodges (1983) but placed in the genus Neodactria, along with C. caliginosella and C. zeella by Landry (1995). The latter two entities appear to fall within the range of variation of luteolella, caliginosella having darker and zeella lighter forewings. Specimens of the latter two entities in the Strickland Museum appear to be luteolella. Somewhat similar to Pediasia ericella but the latter is larger (wingspan 25-30 mm). Also somewhat similar to Occidentalia comptulatalis but the forewing of the latter has a rounded apex." 3/3/04 0:00 2/6/15 13:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4344-Habitat 4344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland areas. 3/3/04 0:00 2/6/15 13:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4344-LifeCycle 4344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown locally. The early stages have been described by Felt (1894). Single brooded. 3/3/04 0:00 2/6/15 13:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4344-TrophicStrategy 4344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown locally. Fernald (1896) says grass. 3/3/04 0:00 2/6/15 13:37 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4247-ConservationStatus 4247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon in Alberta which is at the northern and eastern edge of its range. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4247-Cyclicity 4247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June through July. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4247-Distribution 4247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta and British Columbia south to Colorado and northern California. In Alberta it has been collected in the southern parts of the shortgrass prairie region, northwest to the foothills near Calgary." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4247-GeneralDescription 4247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (4.0-4.4 cm wingspan). Forewings grey-brown, somewhat mottled with coppery brown or paler grey patches. Basal and antemedian lines poorly defined, often doubled, postmedian line usually not doubled, obscure and shortly toothed at the veins. Orbicular spot large, circular, and it and the reniform spot each have a dark outer ring, pale inner ring and a dark center. The short claviform is usually discernable. Terminal area slightly darker than rest of wing; fringe concolorous. Hindwings pale grey or dirty white suffused with smoky brown, heaviest toward the margin, and with a small discal spot and white fringes with a brown basal line. Female hindwings with more dark suffusion than male. Very similar to E. pleuritica, but larger, darker brown on all wings, and males with shorter saccular extensions. Also very similar to E. pestula, which is smaller, darker and usually has clearer markings. \n\nEuxoa simona belongs to the subgenus Pleonectopoda, characterized by the prominent twist or subbasal coil in the vesica of the male. There are no characters that can be used to identify females as members of the subgenus. Keys to the subgenus and species are presented in Lafontaine, 1987.\n" 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4247-Habitat 4247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Primarily montane grasslands, but also on the arid ""high plains"" grasslands." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4247-LifeCycle 4247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, and the adults come to lights. The immature stages are unknown." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4247-TrophicStrategy 4247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No data. Related species of Euxoa, where known, are general feeders on a variety of low broad-leaved plants." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4248-ConservationStatus 4248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon but fairly widespread species; no obvious concerns. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4248-Cyclicity 4248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in August. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4248-Distribution 4248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Yukon south in the mountains to New Mexico and Arizona, and northeastern California. Subspecies basiflava occurs from southern Yukon south through the mountains of southern Alberta and British Columbia, west to northeastern California. In Alberta, rufula has been collected in the foothills and mountains." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4248-GeneralDescription 4248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.4 cm wingspan) stubby-winged dark red-brown moth. The basal and postmedian areas are paler than the remainder of the wing. The cubital vein is lightly marked with paler scales, and there is a row of black sagitate marks just inside the subterminal line. The orbicular and reniform spots are finely outlined with black scales, lined inside with pale scales. The hindwings are sooty brown. \n\nThe small size and ruddy coloration separate rufula from most similar Euxoa, but see also E. intrita. Questionable specimens may be identified using genital characters. The uncus of rufula is very broad and flattened dorsoventrally, and the setae on the dorsal surface are stouter than those near the apex on the ventral surface, which is unique in the Euxoa. The female has an oval unisaccate bursa and lacks flanges on the ovipositor lobes. \n" 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4248-Habitat 4248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry montane coniferous forest. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4248-LifeCycle 4248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single brood each year and the adults are nocturnal and attracted to light. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4248-TrophicStrategy 4248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No data. Related species of Euxoa are general feeders on low-growing plants. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5777-ConservationStatus 5777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, an occasional minor pest throughout its range." 8/16/05 11:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5777-Cyclicity 5777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Unknown in Canada, in New York state from late April to early May." 8/16/05 11:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5777-Distribution 5777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec, Ontario south to Washington DC and west to Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, Alberta." 8/16/05 11:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5777-GeneralDescription 5777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: Small sawflies. 4.0 mm long. Mostly black, ventral surface of antennae occasionally whitish. Male thorax yellow-orange, black meso- and metanotum and yellow-orange abdomen. Female thorax black, posterior margin of pronotum white and abdomen black. All sawflies of this group posses an ovipositor modified to be used as a saw to facilitate the deposition of eggs under the surface of leaves. The serrula (teeth) of the lancet (saw) differs from other North American Profenusa, lobe-like and without basal teeth. (Smith 1971).\n\nLarvae: Broad at anterior end tapering to posterior, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened and white. 6 instars, length and head widths as below for instars 1 -5; \n\nLength\t(mm)\t\tHead Width (mm)\n1st \t1.2 - 2.3 \t\t0.36 - 0.42 \n2nd \t2.6 - 3.0 \t\t0.48 - 0.55 \n3rd \t3.2 - 4.3 \t\t0.63 - 0.73 \n4th \t4.5 - 7.2 \t\t0.80 - 0.90 \n5th \t6.5 - 7.5 \t\t0.92 - 1.07 \n\n6th similar in length to 5th, head 0.90 – 1.05 mm (Adapted from Parrot and Fulton 1915). Ventral surface of thorax lacking the dark markings found on other North American Profenusa. (Smith 1971)." 8/16/05 11:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5777-Habitat 5777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Unknown for adults, larva feeders on ornamental hawthorn and in cherry orchards." 8/16/05 11:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5777-LifeCycle 5777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Parrot and Fulton (1915) and Hamilton (1943) described the life history for this species in New York state. Adults emerge in late April or early May and mate soon after. Females deposit eggs at the leaf margin and towards the bottom portion of the leaf, and may prefer newly unfolded leaves. Eggs hatch 5 - 10 days later and larvae begin to feed with in the leaf. Larvae mine towards the tip of the leaf (Parrot and Fulton 1915). Development to final instar takes 3 - 4 weeks. Larval feeding creates a blotch shaped mine that is more apparent on the upper surface. The under surface may later crinkle and turn brown. Pupation occurs underground, the larvae exit the leaf via a hole cut in the upper surface and construct a cocoon of earth and ‘cement' (Parrot and Fulton 1915) several centimetres deep." 8/16/05 11:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5777-TrophicStrategy 5777 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on members of the Rosaceae are recorded from Crataegus (hawthorn) and Prunus (Cherry) from one variety, English Morello. Interestingly, other cherries are not recorded as a host, even when grown in orchards alongside English Morello. (Parrot 1915)." 8/16/05 11:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5313-ConservationStatus 5313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A rare and local dune species, known from less than five sites in Alberta." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5313-Cyclicity 5313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late July and August. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5313-Distribution 5313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From southwestern Manitoba to southern Alberta, south to west Texas. In Alberta found west to Lethbridge and north to the Lloydminster region." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5313-GeneralDescription 5313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5 - 3.9 cm wingspan) long-winged greenish grey-brown or olive-tan moth. Markings consist of a series of dark points on each vein marking the postmedian and antemedian lines. There is often paler longitudinal shading along the costa, through the reniform and below the cubital vein. The hindwing is grey with a pale fringe. Females are larger than males. Alberta specimens belong to the nominate subspecies.\n" 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5313-Habitat 5313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sand dunes. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5313-LifeCycle 5313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae live buried about 2.5 cm deep in the soil adjacent to the host plant. The apparently feed below the soil. The larvae pupate in the soil, emerging about two and a half weeks later. There is a single annual brood. Adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5313-TrophicStrategy 5313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae in the Pakowki Lake dunes in southern Alberta were feeding on shoots and young stems of wild rose (Rosa sp.) (Seamans, 1925)." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5315-ConservationStatus 5315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon in Alberta, but a widespread species. No reason for concern." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5315-Cyclicity 5315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta collected from the latter half of May through mid June. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5315-Distribution 5315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring from southern Alberta west into BC, south to at least California and Arizona. In Alberta it has been collected along the eastern parts of the South Saskatchewan and Red Deer River valleys." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5315-GeneralDescription 5315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx 2.5 cm wingspan) broad-winged brownish-grey geometrid moth. The forewings are crossed by an incomplete antemedian and complete and prominent postmedian line, buff-yellow in color and, the latter also reappearing across the lower half of the hindwings. There is a well-developed discal spot on each forewing, and a less distinct one on the hindwings. In males in particular there is usually a series of poorly defined dark spots or blotches marking the median line and crossing the forewings distad to the postmedian line. The veins on the outer half of the forewings are finely lined by pale yellow scales. The pale yellow postmedian lines across both wings lacking a border of dark scales can be used to separate irrorata from other Alberta Digrammia species (i.e. D. mellistrigata)." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5315-Habitat 5315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta found in shrubby areas along river valleys of the arid grasslands region. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5315-LifeCycle 5315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5315-TrophicStrategy 5315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Apparently unknown. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31241-ConservationStatus 31241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The pea leaf weevil is a pest in all regions where it occurs. 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31241-Cyclicity 31241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults migrate in spring to host plants and in autumn before overwintering (Fisher and O’Keeffe 1979a). 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31241-Distribution 31241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species occurs throughout Europe, including the United Kingdom, Poland and Germany and northern Africa (Jackson 1920, Hans 1959). In North America, it is found in southern British Columbia, the northwestern United States including Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho (Downes 1938, Bright and Bouchard 2008), and Florida (Bloem et al. 2002). It also occurs in southern Alberta, where it has been found as far north as Olds, and Saskatchewan (Coles et al. 2008)." 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31241-GeneralDescription 31241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Body length ranges from 3.2 to 4.5 mm. Integument is generally black or light brown, with variations. Antennae, tibia and tarsi may be reddish, these also vary. Rostrum is flat, but lower third is bisulcate with indistinct median carnia located between apical concavities. Rostral surface is shiny, with deep and close punctures, each puncture possesses a slightly erect and narrow scale. Recumbent scales are located in the interpucture spaces. Eyes are moderately convex. Pronotum is widest slightly behind the mid-line, sides are arcuate, anterior constriction line is only weakly evident. Surface of pronotum is shiny, with many close and deeply impressed punctures, with scales as on the rostrum. The prosternal groove touches the fore-coxae cavities. Vestiture of elytra with intermixed elongate and small scales and recumbent to slightly erect flattened setae that are as long as or slightly longer than the scales. Setae and scales occur in approximately equal numbers. Stripe pattern is variable, with white scales often on striae 3, 5, and 7, and brown scales on 2, 4, and 6. (Adapted from Bright 1994, Bright and Bouchard 2008)\nAdults of Sitona lineatus are distinguished from their close relatives by the elytra stripe pattern that extends onto the pronotum. When weevils have lost the scales that form the stripe pattern, due to age or activity, they can be easily distinguished by examining the ventral surface of the pronotum. The fore-coxal cavities touch, or nearly touch, a narrow groove located on the ventral surface of the pronotum. In all other Sitona species, the fore-coxae do not touch this groove. (Adapted from Bright 1994, Bright and Bouchard 2008)" 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31241-Habitat 31241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Pisum sativum (field pea) and Vicia faba (faba beans) agricultural production systems (Jackson 1920). 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31241-LifeCycle 31241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults overwinter in shelterbelts and fields where perennial legumes (secondary hosts) are found (Jackson 1920, Murray and Clements 1992). Secondary hosts may be consumed during the overwintering period when temperatures are mild (Murray and Clements 1992). Spring migration begins after temperatures reach a 12° C threshold, and is achieved via flight (Fisher and O’Keeffe 1979a, Hamon et al.1987). Mating and oviposition begin after primary hosts are located in spring and continues until mid-August, when the overwintered generation begins to die out (Jackson 1920). One adult female may lay between 500 and 3000 eggs, which are scattered upon the soil surface as she feeds (Jackson 1920). Eggs are white when first deposited, and melanize within 24 hours (Schotzko and O’Keeffe 1986). The incubation period is dependent upon moisture and temperature levels (Lerin 2004). Larvae occupy root nodules of the primary host, where they consume Rhizobium leguminosarum bacteria that fix nitrogen (Jackson 1920, Johnson and O’Keeffe 1981). Inside the nodules, larvae are also protected from disease and predation. Pupation occurs in the soil. New generation adults begin emerging in mid-July and feed until temperatures drop (Jackson 1920; Hoebeke and Wheeler 1985)." 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31241-TrophicStrategy 31241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are restricted to feeding on the root nodules of two primary host plants: Pisum sativum (field pea) and Vicia faba (faba bean), where they consume the nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae bacteria in root nodules (Jackson 1920, Landon et al. 1995). Secondary hosts of adults include most other legume species, with possible exceptions including the common bean and lentils (Fisher and O’Keeffe 1979b & 1979c, Schotzko and O’Keeffe 1988)." 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30551-ConservationStatus 30551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Unknown, many specimens in collections are misidentified." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30551-Cyclicity 30551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to Mid August. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30551-Distribution 30551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to Quebec, south to California, Illinois, and Pennsylvania." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30551-GeneralDescription 30551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is straw yellow to light brown with abundant darker brown fine reticulations throughout. Bands in the basal, median, and upper subterminal areas are distinctly edged in brown and may be shaded with darker brown, especially towards the costa, though the amount of shading varies from none to fully shaded. The hindwing is straw yellow with a light grey inner half.\nThis rarely collected species is similar to the vastly more common C. rosaceana but lacks the small triangular costal fold." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30551-Habitat 30551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Not commonly collected but most Alberta specimens have been collected from dunes. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30551-TrophicStrategy 30551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds on Ceanothus, Sweet-fern (Comptonia peregrina), blueberry (Vaccinium sp.), rose (Rosa sp.), strawberry (Fragraria sp.), clover (Trifolium sp.), Symphoricarpos sp. (Freeman 1958)" 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4036-ConservationStatus 4036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A widespread but seldom collected species; no concern. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4036-Cyclicity 4036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late July. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4036-Distribution 4036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western Alberta to northwestern BC, south to Arizona and New Mexico." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4036-GeneralDescription 4036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.5 cm wingspan), wasp-like clearwing moth. The head and body are dark black-brown, with the palps, fringe of the head and the dorsal side of the thorax marked with pale yellow hairs. The abdomen has three or four narrow, pale yellow bands. The forewing is hyaline (without scales) except along the veins and fringe. The veins are lined with dark grey or brown scales, mixed with paler yellow and rust ones. The discal mark is prominent and filled with bright yellow-orange scales, and with a narrow partial border of black-brown scales on the basal side. The hindwings also lack scales except for the fringe and the vein lining. The scales covering the veins are mixed with pale yellow and rust ones, in particular along the basal half of the wings. The multiple narrow yellow bands on the abdomen, the bright red-orange discal bar and the lack of infilling of the area beyond the discal bar on the forewing tip will separate giliae from the other similar-sized Alberta clearwing moths." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4036-Habitat 4036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mid to high elevation montane meadows. 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4036-LifeCycle 4036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No Alberta data. Poorly known. Like all sesiids, the larvae are undoubtedly borers in the host plant. A female was observed ovipositing on wild Geranium, and sesiid larvae have been obtained from the roots of wild Geranium on more than one occasion, but none have been successfully reared to adults (Englehardt, 1946)." 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4036-TrophicStrategy 4036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Apparently a borer in the roots of wild Geranium (Geranium sp.). 12/3/03 0:00 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5906-ConservationStatus 5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Coenus delius is common east of the Rocky Mountains (Rider 1995). 6/19/06 11:38 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5906-Cyclicity 5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults can be found from June to August. 6/19/06 11:38 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5906-GeneralDescription 5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Coenus delius has red brown to dark brown antennae with the fifth segment being the darkest. There is a pale median line on the pronotum and scutellum. Along the anterior margins of the pronotum there are dense black punctures and the edges are covex. The rostrum reaches the metacoxae and the cheeks and clypeus are nearly equal in length. Maculations on the legs are brown, uniform and sparse. The tarsi are three segmented. The abdominal segments three through five are lacking in pale areas. It is slightly smaller than the other two species of Coenus and there is a median tooth on the pygophore which is distinctive to C.delius (Rider 2005)." 6/19/06 11:38 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5906-Habitat 5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in grassy habitats. 6/19/06 11:38 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5906-TrophicStrategy 5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Coenus delius feeds on several different species of Poaceae, Fabaceae and Scrophulariaceae. They also feed specifically on Mentha spicata, Pinus species and Polygonum species (Rider 2005 )." 6/19/06 11:38 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4249-ConservationStatus 4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare in Alberta, at the extreme eastern edge of its range." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4249-Cyclicity 4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only Alberta specimen was collected September 8. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4249-Distribution 4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western North America west of the Continental Divide, from southern BC and extreme southwestern Alberta south to California and southwestern Arizona. In Alberta it has been collected only in the Crowsnest Pass near Hillcrest. Specimens in the UASM collection labeled Lethbridge were disected and found to be misidentified." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4249-GeneralDescription 4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (4.0 cm wingspan) dull brownish grey moth with darker grey-black markings. The forewing is crossed by doubled AM line and PM lines. The round orbicular and kidney-shaped reniform spots are lighter grey, with the area before, between and just distad of the spots filled with black. The hindwings are light grey-brown, darker toward the outer margin. Euxoa septentrionalis is most similar to E. messoria. It can usually be separated from messoria by the darker markings and by the round, not oval, orbicular spot. Questionable specimens can be readily separated by genitalic characters. Males have the right saccular extension flattened and ""shovel-shaped""; in messoria it is tapered apically. Lafontaine (1987) illustrates both adults and the genitalia of both sexes." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4249-Habitat 4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry montane. 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4249-LifeCycle 4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, and adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae and other immature stages are unknown." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4249-TrophicStrategy 4249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "There are no host data for septentrionalis, but like most Euxoa they are likely generalists on low growing herbs." 2/1/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4486-ConservationStatus 4486 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4486-Cyclicity 4486 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Alberta flight dates range from late May to early August, possibly indicating two broods." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4486-Distribution 4486 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Southern Alberta and BC south through the western US to Mexico (McGuffin 1987). 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4486-GeneralDescription 4486 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively large geometrid, with striking white and light grey forewing pattern. Median band with sinuate borders and a large white discal spot, light grey wing margin with a white subterminal line, wing fringe checkered black and white. Hindwing white with a loose band of median and subterminal speckling, more pronounced on the underside. Females slightly smaller.\nThe Sagebrush Girdle is similar to Caripeta species, but none of the Caripeta are pale silver-grey and white like trilinearia, and inhabit conifer forests rather than sagebrush grasslands. \n" 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4486-Habitat 4486 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sagebrush flats and prairie badlands. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4486-LifeCycle 4486 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This graceful moth is one the few geometrids which are restricted to prairie habitats; the pale silver-grey colouration matches that of its surroundings of sagebrush and prairie. Except for the egg, the immature stages are undescribed (McGuffin 1987)." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4486-TrophicStrategy 4486 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hostplant is unconfirmed, but the sister species P. personaria feeds on Artemisia tridentata, a plant with which trilinearia is closely associated in Alberta and BC (Anderson 1923)." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5355-ConservationStatus 5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common species; no concerns. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5355-Cyclicity 5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid June through mid July. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5355-Distribution 5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eastern Manitoba west to the Alberta foothills, north to about Lloydminster and south to southern Colorado. In Alberta found throughout the grasslands and southern foothills, north to the Edmonton and Lloyminster areas." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5355-GeneralDescription 5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (3.6 - 4.0 cm wingspan) blue-grey moth with prominent but variable darker grey or black banding and streaking. The normal lines are usually well-marked, in particular the antemedian and postmedian lines. The orbicular spot is nearly obsolete, but the reniform is marked by a patch of black scales. The veins are lighter than the ground, and there is usually darker scaling between them, resulting in a streaky appearance. The hindwings are white, shading slightly darker toward the outer margin. There is a prominent and contrasting jet-black prothoracic collar, slightly crescent-shaped, which will distinguish it from similar species. The related E. exuberans also has a black collar, but is paler grey or brown and lacks the lines across the wings. The larvae are described in Lafontaine (2004).\n\nThe genus Euagrotis was recently sunk to subgeneric status under Anicla. \n" 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5355-Habitat 5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry native grasslands. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5355-LifeCycle 5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5355-TrophicStrategy 5355 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae have been reared on wheat, but are believed to feed naturally on a variety of grasses (Lafontaine, 2004)." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5858-ConservationStatus 5858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not currently a concern. The taiga bluet is one of the most common damselfly species in Canada. 4/10/06 13:36 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5858-Cyclicity 5858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly late-May to mid-August depending on the location. 4/10/06 13:36 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5858-Distribution 5858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Found coast-to-coast throughout most of Canada and the northern United States. Records from as far north as Alaska and south to Arizona. It is one of the most widely distributed damselfly species in North America and the most northerly along with the subarctic bluet (C. interrogatum). 4/10/06 13:36 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5858-GeneralDescription 5858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The taiga bluet has pale blue to almost turquoise colouration (Westfall and May 1996). It is similar in size and proportions to the subarctic bluet (C. interrogatum) but has different colour patterns and markings (Walker 1953). Males do not have a black mark on the underside of the thorax like that which is found on the subarctic bluet (Westfall and May 1996). On each side of the top of the thorax are narrow blue stripes (appear to be on their shoulders) that are sometimes broken and resemble an exclamation mark. These shoulder strips are narrower than the black strips below and come to point above the dot in the exclamation mark (Westfall and May 1996). Abdominal segments are mostly pale blue on top and yellowish-green on bottom with distinctive markings: segments 1 and 2 have narrow dark rings; segment 2 has a black U-shape on top with arms of the U on each side of the segment; segments 3 and 4 segments are blue at the end; half of segment 5 and segments 6 and 7 form one large black ring; segments 8 and 9 are blue and the terminal segment is black (Walker 1953, Cannings 2002, Acorn 2004). Female taiga bluets can be coloured like the males or yellow-green to brownish (Walker 1953). Females do not have a black mark on the underside of the thorax. Most of the abdomen is dark with pale rings, some in the mid-abdomen are interrupted, more prominent on the terminal segments (Walker 1953, Westfall and May 1996, Acorn 2004). ). Taiga bluets are small to medium damselflies that can be just over 3 cm in length.\nLarvae of the taiga bluet are difficult to distinguish from the other Eurasian bluets (C. angulatum and C. interrogatum) or even American bluets (genus Enallagma) or forktails (genus Ischnura). \nThe taiga bluet has no obvious characters that allows for identification in the field; two published keys use very finely detailed characters (Baker and Clifford 1980, Canning and Canning 1980). Coenagrion larvae are of average stature with the posterior margin of the head rounded and eyes not very prominent (Walker 1953)." 4/10/06 13:36 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5858-Habitat 5858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Small ponds, roadside ditches, marshes, streams – anywhere with grassy or marshy borders. Prefer shaded habitats." 4/10/06 13:36 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5858-LifeCycle 5858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Sawchyn and Gillott (1975) performed a detailed study on the biology of taiga bluets in Saskatchewan. Females lay soft, creamy-white eggs during June and July in cuts made in living, aquatic plant tissue. Embryonic development takes 2 to 3 weeks. Larvae develop rapidly and near completion by October. Baker (1981) reported that taiga bluet larvae have a hierarchy of dominance where they aggressively defend preferable feeding sites They over-winter in one of the final three stages (instars) of development, frozen in the ice that forms in their shallow habitat. The larvae intentionally place themselves where they become embedded in the ice but do not freeze. The larvae remain dormant until April when the ice melts and then continues development. Larvae leave the water to become adults by mid-June. This adaptation may not be necessary in the southern part of the range. Newly emerged adults disperse from the larval habitat to feed and mature. Maturation requires about 1 week and mating occurs away from the water, oviposition occurs within 2 weeks of adult emergence. Oviposition occurs with the male still attached to the female. Eggs are always deposited above the water surface on floating or emergent vegetation. Baker and Clifford (1981) reported that taiga bluets can take two years to complete their life cycle as opposed to the one observed by Sawchyn and Gillott (1975)." 4/10/06 13:36 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5858-TrophicStrategy 5858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults feed on flies (e.g. midges) (Sawchyn and Gillott 1975). Larval diet consists of fly larvae, water fleas, other odonate larvae and assorted invertebrates (Baker and Clifford 1981)." 4/10/06 13:36 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5859-ConservationStatus 5859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not at risk (COSEWIC, June 2005)." 4/10/06 14:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5859-Cyclicity 5859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Males collected mid-May to July, females mid-May to October, and egg sacs June to early October." 4/10/06 14:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5859-Distribution 5859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Pardosa tesquorum has a holarctic distribution (Platnick, 1989), with collections from Alaska, west to northern Québec, south to Utah and northern New Mexico, and also from Siberia and Kamchatka (Dondale & Redner, 1986)." 4/10/06 14:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5859-GeneralDescription 5859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Pardosa tesquorum looks similar to other Pardosa, with a dark reddish brown to black carapace that has a few radiating black lines, and pale median and submarginal bands, which are often indistinct or absent, especially anteriorly and in the male, and are thus not particularly useful characters to rely upon for identification. The sternum is dark brown to black, but sometimes has a yellow stripe down the middle at the anterior. The chelicerae are dark with pale, longitudinal streaks, and with two teeth on the retromargin of the fang furrow. (These will not be seen without a microscope.) The legs are orange with black streaks, and indistinct rings on the femora. The female has lighter legs and more distinct black rings than the male. The abdomen is almost black dorsally, but with a large pale heart mark, and a series of pale chevrons. The underside is yellow or gray, and darker toward the middle (Dondale & Redner, 1986). The female (length = 5.69 +/- 0.63 mm) is slightly longer than the male (length = 4.83 +/- 0.44 mm), with a slightly wider carapace (1.98 +/- 0.13 mm) than the male (1.83 +/- 0.15 mm). In order to distinguish P. tesquorum from other Pardosa, it is necessary to look at palpal and epigynal characteristics. The male palp is unique because of its terminal apophysis, which is broad and flat, and because of the slender curved hook on its palea. The epigynum is unique because of its median septum. This is broadest level with the copulatory openings, tapered anteriorly, and has deeply indented lateral margins of the epigynal plate (Dondale & Redner, 1986)." 4/10/06 14:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5859-Habitat 5859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Shrubs at forest edges, prairie grassland, beaches, quarries, dry creek beds, talus slopes, tundra." 4/10/06 14:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5859-LifeCycle 5859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Likely produces more than one egg sac, and has a two-year life cycle in the northern part of its range, and a one-year life cycle in the southern part of its range (Pickavance, 2001)." 4/10/06 14:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5859-TrophicStrategy 5859 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like other wolf spiders, Pardosa tesquorum hunts actively, by pouncing on prey and holding it with its front legs, while mashing it up with its chelicerae (Gertsch, 1979) and is a general predator on arthropods, including insects and other spiders." 4/10/06 14:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19423-ConservationStatus 19423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Unknown, known from very few sites in Alberta." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19423-Cyclicity 19423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late June to mid July in Alberta, two generations from March to December in areas further south (Razowski 1979)" 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19423-Distribution 19423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "British Columbia and Alberta, south to California. In Alberta found in mountain passes along the British Columbia border." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19423-GeneralDescription 19423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The most prominent markings on the forewing are the slanted broad median band and triangle on the costa short of the apex which are medium to dark brown. The ground colour of the forewing varies from pale grey to medium brown. The basal patch is normally faintly indicated, though may occasionally be as dark and prominent as the median band. Fine brown spots are normally present through the pale part of the wing and are often organized into lines. The hindwing is very pale breyish or brownish.\nThe larva is pale with a yellow head that has dark pigment in the ocellar area. The pinacula are fairly large and have long setae. (Mackay 1962)" 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19423-Habitat 19423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane grasslands. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19423-LifeCycle 19423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The larva constructs a leaf shelter on the hostplant (Razowski 1979) 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19423-TrophicStrategy 19423 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds mainly upon California Figwort (Scrophularia californica), but also woundwort (Stachys sp.), artichoke (Cynaria cardunculus), and cyclamen (Cyclamen sp.). (Razowski 1979)" 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28535-ConservationStatus 28535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, a minor pest in some areas." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28535-Cyclicity 28535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid June to mid August in Alberta, from March to November with many broods per year elsewhere (Razowski 1979)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28535-Distribution 28535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Florida and California." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28535-GeneralDescription 28535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is light brown with fine dark reticulations throughout. Dark brown edges the basal edge and normally fills a broad median line, though can be faded towards the inner margin. A postmedian band has a fine line leading from the costa to the anal angle, but is normally only filled with dark brown near the costa. The hindwing is whitish with light greyish brown especially around the edges.\nThe larva is pale with a brownish yellow head with some black near the stemma and a dark brown bar laterally. The thoracic shield varies from brownish yellow to yellow and the legs have some brown markings on them as do the small pinacula. (MacKay 1962)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28535-Habitat 28535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Uncommon to common in open areas with abundant vegetation. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28535-LifeCycle 28535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "It overwinters as either a larva or pupa. The larva feeds on the living plants, but may show a preference to dead parts of of the plants. (Razowski 1979)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28535-TrophicStrategy 28535 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larva feeds on strawberries (Fragaria spp.) (Freeman 1958). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6401-ConservationStatus 6401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 5/1/08 8:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6401-Cyclicity 6401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid to late August. 5/1/08 8:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6401-Distribution 6401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Previously known from Manitoba, New Mexico, Utah and Colorado (Heinrich 1923). The Manitoba record was probably made in a sand dune area near Aweme by Norman Criddle. Not reported from Alberta by Bowman (1951). Known in Alberta from the Pakowki dunes where it was collected in 16 August 2006 and identified by Jason Dombroskie and from the Edgerton dunes where it was collected in 24 August 2002 by Gary Anweiler (ver. C. D. Ferris)." 5/1/08 8:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6401-GeneralDescription 6401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspread 26-30 mm. A strikingly beautiful moth with dorsal fore wings having longitudinal silver stripes over a red ground color, and darker hind wings which lack the silver stripes (see the image). Described by Grote (1880), TL Colorado. The male genitalia are illustrated by Heinrich (1923). Very similar to Eucosma ridingsana which has a similar pattern of silver stripes (see illustration in Ferris 2005), except that the ground color of the fore wings is reddish rather than yellowish." 5/1/08 8:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6401-Habitat 6401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Both Alberta collections are from sand dune areas. 5/1/08 8:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6401-LifeCycle 6401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Adults come to light. 5/1/08 8:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6401-TrophicStrategy 6401 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown. Heinrich (1923) mentions that the larvae of the related E. ridingsana have been found feeding in the roots of greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus). In Alberta, greasewood is known from the Pakowki area but not as far north as Edgerton. Hetz and Werner (1979) found the larvae of E. ridingsana feeding on the roots of broomweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) which is more widespread in Alberta and it, perhaps, may be the larval food plant of E. fernaldana." 5/1/08 8:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5972-ConservationStatus 5972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/5/07 15:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5972-Cyclicity 5972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Strickland Museum specimens (mostly from Alberta) were captured from May-July, with most in June." 1/5/07 15:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5972-Distribution 5972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Strickland Museum specimens include exemplars from AB, BC, and PEI (Canada).\nMcNamara (2006) lists additional Canadian occurrences in ON, BC, MB, AB, SK, PQ, and NT. O'Brien and Wibmer (1982) provide US occurrences in CT, IL, MA, MI, NY, PA, VT, WI, AZ, CA, ID, OR, UT, WA, MN, MT, NE, NT, SA, SD, and WY." 1/5/07 15:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5972-GeneralDescription 5972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "LeConte (1876) identified this species as being very long and slender in overall shape, and of intermediate size (approx. 8 mm). Its cuticle colour is described as brownish-black (with Strickland Museum collections specimens appearing much closer to reddish-brown), and this is veiled by a sparse coat of very short hairs that become more dense in lateral and ventral positions. The pubescence is grey in colour, but becomes somewhat yellowed in patches - on elytra tips the pubescence becomes so fine that it takes on a powdery appearance. The rostrum of this species is fairly slender, is slightly shorter than the prothorax in length, and bears slender antennae near its tip. The antennae possess a first joint of the funicle (antennal segments between basal scape segment and clubbed tip) that is broader than the second joint. The prothorax is longer than wide, with a gradual anterior taper. Its sides are almost straight, and its back edge forms a broad arc adjacent to each elytron, creating broad medial angle (backwards projection along the midline). A shallow median depression is situated directly ahead of the medial angle. Femora on the legs of this species are slender, and the legs are brown in colour. The distinctive elytral tips are drawn out into extended, divergent points with minor rounding on their tips. Punctures (pits) are fine and dense upon the rostrum, with interspersed large punctures and one large frontal puncture. The prothorax bears minute 'wrinkly' punctures, and some moderately sized shallow ones, while the elytra bear fine 'wrinkly' punctures in tightly-packed rows. Observation of specimens in the Strickland Museum collections suggests that the extended elytra tips, general reduction in pubescence dorsally, and close spacing of elytra punctures are the most diagnostic characteristics for this species." 1/5/07 15:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5972-Habitat 5972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mesic (moist) habitats among herbs and shrubs, and in aquatic habitats (Anderson, 2002)." 1/5/07 15:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5972-LifeCycle 5972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females oviposit individual eggs into notches that they create in stems (Milne and Milne, 1980). Larvae burrow into stems, forming gall-like galleries where they then pupate (Blatchley and Leng, 1916). The adults emerge to feed on the soft tissues of various plants; often different plants from those used by larvae (Anderson, 1987). There appears to be only one generation per year." 1/5/07 15:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5972-TrophicStrategy 5972 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adult specimens in the Strickland Museum holdings were collected from sage brush (Artemisia sp.), and the leaf of Populus balsamifera (poplar). It is not certain if these were the adult food plants. More compelling evidence comes from the observations of Lintner (as cited by Webster, 1892), where this species was seen congregating in large numbers upon the flowers of Polygonum amphibium (water smartweed), possibly because this is the food source for the larvae and adults." 1/5/07 15:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5951-ConservationStatus 5951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Macaulay and Pohl (2002) indicate that this species is common, which suggests that special conservation considerations are not of concern." 1/4/07 14:23 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5951-Cyclicity 5951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults of this species have been captured between the middle of June and mid to late August (Miller 1983). Alberta specimens have been collected from mid June to the end of July. 1/4/07 14:23 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5951-Distribution 5951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Reported from several states in the United States of America including: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Colorado and California. In Canada this species is known to occur in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Quebec. (Heinrich 1926). Alberta specimens have been collected in Edmonton, Red Deer and Nordegg." 1/4/07 14:23 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5951-GeneralDescription 5951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large sized species of Endothenia. Size and colour patterns of this species show wide variation over different geographic locations (Heinrich 1926). Recorded specimens from Alberta show an enlarged dark patch in the middle of the forewing, which is often triangular in shape. Heinrich (1926) also uses this dark patch as a distinguishing characteristic. Forewing color of recorded specimens ranges from a light creamy brown to a very dark brown sometimes appearing almost black. Superficially resembles E. quadrimaculana but has a smaller forewing length and a fewer number of apical spines on the uncus." 1/4/07 14:23 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5951-Habitat 5951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Reported in fen with Carex sp. present (Macaulay and Pohl 2002). Endothenia sp. occurring in Finland that also show an affinity for Carex sp. have been observed in moist open areas such as peat bogs (Laasonen and Laasonen 1995). 1/4/07 14:23 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5951-LifeCycle 5951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/4/07 14:23 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5951-TrophicStrategy 5951 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are known to feed on the roots and stem bases of plants in the genus Stachys, especially hedge nettle (Stachys palustris) (Macaulay and Pohl 2002). European records indicate that the larva will also feed on Mentha and Symphytum roots and lower parts of the stem (Heinrich 1926)." 1/4/07 14:23 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5783-ConservationStatus 5783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common in North America (Warner and Negley 1976), not of concern." 10/20/05 14:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5783-Cyclicity 5783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Usually overwinter as larvae, but adults may hibernate in warmer climates (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5783-Distribution 5783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species does not occur in Alberta, but is present in Southern British Columbia, Southern Ontario, Nova Scotia (Warner and Negley 1976), and Quebec (Entomol. Soc. of Wash. 1999). In the United States, it occurs in the Mid-Atlantic states, and Western states (Warner and Negley 1976). Specimens were collected from South America's west coast (Warner and Negley 1976), and it also occurs in Australia, New Zealand and Europe (O'Donnell 1984)." 10/20/05 14:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5783-GeneralDescription 5783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Larvae are legless, creamy white, curved, and have brown heads (Gov. of Canada). The adult is reddish to brownish black, 6 – 8 mm long, and has hairy elytra (Warner and Negley 1976). The apex of its tibia is rounded (Warner and Negley 1976), it is smaller than O. sulcatus, but larger than O. ovatus, and its femora are not toothed, differentiating it from O. sulcatus and O. ovatu (O'Donnell 1984). The adult's elytra are fused, the weevil is flightless, and has elbowed antennae. Its rostrum is medium in length, shorter than that of O. sulcatus, but longer than that of O. ovatus (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5783-Habitat 5783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Larvae live underground among plant roots, and adults prefer dark quiet spaces (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5783-LifeCycle 5783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is parthenogenetic, and there are no males in North America (Warner and Negley 1976). Overwintered adults emerge as early as May, and overwintered larvae develop into adults between late May and early July (Gov. of Canada). Both oviposit for seven weeks just beneath soil surface with an incubation period of 10 to 20 days, and all oviposition ends by early September (Gov. of Canada). During the spring and early summer, the larvae prepare themselves roomy little spaces in the soil where they pupate (Gov. of Canada). Dispersal of this flightless species is dependent on the distances it walks and on shipments of horticultural products (Entomol. Soc. of Wash. 1999). It inhabits greenhouses, nurseries, vineyards, and other agricultural crops ( Entomol. Soc. of Wash. 1999), and is well known for entering homes in large numbers (O'Donnell 1984)." 10/20/05 14:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5783-TrophicStrategy 5783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is polyphagous, larvae feed on roots, and adults feed nocturnally on the foliage, buds and young shoots of a wider range of host plants (Warner and Negley 1976). North American host plants include cyclamen, strawberry, holly, privet and raspberry (Warner and Negley 1976). European host plants include top primrose, rose, raspberry and cyclamen (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5784-ConservationStatus 5784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common in North America (Warner and Negley 1976), not of concern." 10/20/05 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5784-Cyclicity 5784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Usually overwinter as larvae, but adults may hibernate in warmer climates (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5784-Distribution 5784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species occurs in Southern Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island and Quebec (Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 1999). It occurs in the western United States as far north as Alaska, and is very well spread out across the eastern United States (Warner and Negley 1976). It inhabits northern and mid Europe as far south as France and Italy, and is present in Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5784-GeneralDescription 5784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Eggs are yellowish brown in color and larvae are creamy white with a brown head (Oregon State University Extention). The pupae are also creamy white, and reveal distinct adult parts with separate wing sacs along their backs that eventually fuse (Shearer). Adults are blackish, 9 to 11 mm long, have elbowed antennae slightly widened at the tip, have fused elytra and cannot fly. They have patches of golden scales on their elytra covered with yellow curled hairs (Warner and Negley 1976). The apex of their tibia is rounded, their femora are toothed, and their rostrum is long and widened at the tip (Warner and Negley 1976). Although the weevils are parthenogenetic and there are no males in North America, they do have a spermatheca (Cram 1958). Adults tend to aggregate in large groups due to pheromones and other attractants (Alford et al. 1996).\nRoyal Alberta Museum page" 10/20/05 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5784-Habitat 5784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Larvae live underground among plant roots, and adults prefer dark quiet spaces (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5784-LifeCycle 5784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In the early summer, adults emerge from the soil, then must feed for approximately 4 weeks before they begin ovipositing (Oregon State University Extension). They oviposit their eggs in soil near plant roots and foliage, and oviposition ends by early September (Oregon State University Extension). Each adult may deposit more than 800 eggs in its lifetime, and its life expectancy can be 2 or more years (Alford et al. 1996). Larvae overwinter in the soil among plant roots, continue to develop in the spring when the soil warms up, then pupate in the late spring (Oregon State University Extension). Dispersal of this flightless weevil is dependent on the distances it walks and on shipments of horticultural products (Entomol. Soc. of Wash. 1999). It inhabits greenhouses, nurseries, vineyards, and other agricultural crops (Entomol. Soc. of Wash. 1999)." 10/20/05 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5784-TrophicStrategy 5784 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on roots, and adults feed nocturnally on the foliage of a wider range of host plants (Warner and Negley 1976). North American host plants include maple, maidenhair, bittersweet, clematis, dracaena, hawthorn, cyclamen, strawberry, juniper, privet, mint, four o'clock, tuberose, rhododendron, rose, raspberry, nightshade, potato, spirea, yew, arborvitae, blueberry, and the European host plants include grape (Warner and Negley 1976)." 10/20/05 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5864-ConservationStatus 5864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/11/06 14:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5864-Cyclicity 5864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults common from May to August (Gardiner 1970; Linsley and Chemsak 1972). 4/11/06 14:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5864-Distribution 5864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The type locality is the Yellowstone Basin (LeConte 1873). Specimens have also been recorded from Alberta, British Columbia, Washington, Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon, Colorado and Nevada (Barr and Penrose 1969; Canorva 1936; Hopping 1937; Linsley and Chemsak 1972)." 4/11/06 14:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5864-GeneralDescription 5864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Length 10-17 mm (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). The head is narrowed posteriorly and rounded laterally (Leng 1890). The eyes are small, convex, and finely granulated (Casey 1913). The third and fifth antennal segments are equal in length; the fourth antennal segment is two thirds as long as third and fifth (Casey 1913). The eleventh antennal segment is longer than the tenth (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). A very fine pubescence covers the body (Leng 1890); the head is fuscous, and the posterior body is testaceous in color (Casey 1913). The elytra are narrowed and rounded at the tip, the sutural angle is obtuse (Casey 1913). The prothorax is shorter than it is wide; it surface convex; constricted anteriorly and posteriorly and bisinuate laterally (Casey 1913). The lateral protuberance is not well developed and the lateral tubercles are obtusely rounded (Casey 1913).\nS. obtusus are very sexually dichromatic (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). Males may be all black or pale with black appendages and vittate elytra. Females have a uniformly yellowish elytra and reddish appendages and prothorax (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). However dichromatic characteristics are not universal, few male specimens have been identified with unicolorous elytra and few female specimens have been identified with vittate elytra (Hopping 1937).\nS. obtusus can be distinguished from similar species by the small, convex eyes (Leng 1890); evenly rounded elytral apices (Linsley and Chemsak 1972), and the lateral edges of pronotum having obtusely rounded tubercles (Linsley and Chemsak 1972)." 4/11/06 14:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5864-Habitat 5864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in sub-alpine meadows on soil surface or on the stems and flowers of various angiosperms. 4/11/06 14:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5864-LifeCycle 5864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Most cerambycid larvae are wood boring and may be very destructive to trees impacting forestry and agriculture (Triplehorn and Johnson 2005). 4/11/06 14:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5864-TrophicStrategy 5864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "All cerambycids are phytophagous and most Lepturinae larvae are wood borers (Borror and DeLong 2005). Stenocorus obtusus adults can be found on stems of Lupinus sp. (Linsley and Chemsak 1972), or on the flowers of Achillea, Heracleum, and Galium (Linsley and Chemsak 1972)." 4/11/06 14:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5865-ConservationStatus 5865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/11/06 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5865-Cyclicity 5865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in June and July (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). 4/11/06 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5865-Distribution 5865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The type locality is the Mississippi valley (Hopping 1937). Specimens have also been recorded from Alberta, Manitoba, Missouri, Wyoming, New York, Pennsylvania, Maine and Illinois (Aurivillius 1912; Hopping 1937; Leng 1890; Linsley and Chemsak 1972)." 4/11/06 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5865-GeneralDescription 5865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Length 12-16 mm (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). The head is black (Say 1859) and small, gradually converged behind eyes (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). The eyes are faceted or with a smooth polish and emarginate or notched (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). The antennae are rufous in color with prominent tubercles (Linsley and Chemsak 1972) and are shorter than the elytra. The third antennal segment is shorter than the fourth. The fifth antennal segment is equal in length to the third (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). The thorax has uneven anterior and posterior impressed bands and a dorsal impressed line (Say 1859). The elytra are black with parallel broad lateral yellow vittae or stripes that do not reach the tip (Linsley and Chemsak 1972). The margins of the elytra are rufous in color and separated from the vitta by a black line near the base and the humerus is prominent (LeConte 1859). The body is black ventrally with golden pubescence (Say 1859). The legs are rufous or yellow in color (Hopping 1937)." 4/11/06 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5865-Habitat 5865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat As members of the sub-family Lepturinae they are most likely found on flowers. 4/11/06 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5865-LifeCycle 5865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Most cerambycid larvae are wood boring and may be very destructive to trees impacting forestry and agriculture (Triplehorn and Johnson 2005). 4/11/06 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5865-TrophicStrategy 5865 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "All cerambycids are phytophagous and most Lepturinae larvae are wood borers (Triplehorn and Johnson 2005). There is no literature that directly indicates that S. trivittatus is a flower dwelling species. However if S. vittiger is accepted as a synonym of S. trivittatus then host flowers include Vibernum, Hydrangea, Spiraea, Crataegus, Cornus, and Nyssa (Linsley and Chemsak 1972)." 4/11/06 15:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6412-ConservationStatus 6412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern. A widespread native species of no economic importance, occupying a great variety of habitats." 1/5/09 13:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6412-Cyclicity 6412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from June to September, with most specimens being collected in July and August. Specimens attracted to light." 1/5/09 13:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6412-Distribution 6412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A very common species occurring throughout North America, from sea level up to elevations in excess of 1830 m (L. Lary, web reference). In Canada it occurs in most provinces, from B.C. (Scudder and Cannings 2007), Alberta (Bowman 1951) to Ontario (L. Scott, web reference). In Saskatchewan it was collected near Indian Head and Big River (forest insect surveys). This species is present in most of the continental U.S." 1/5/09 13:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6412-GeneralDescription 6412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head cream-coloured, antennae banded with brown on each segment, labial palpi porrect, heavily scaled, dorsally cream-coloured, ventrally yellow. Thorax of a cream colour, tegulae and metathorax yellow. Legs light grey. Forewings strongly hooked. Dorsal surface of forewings yellow, with brown scales restricted to a triangular area in the middle of forewing. Hindwings light grey, somewhat translucent proximally and basally, with long fringes. Ventral wing surfaces uniformly light grey. Legs and abdomen light grey. This species can be distinguished from the similarly looking Ypsolopha dentiferella by its mostly yellow forewings, whereas dentiferella has mostly brown forewings, with yellow scales restricted to a longitudinal band on the basal one third of its forewings." 1/5/09 13:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6412-Habitat 6412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A wide variety of habitats, from mixed wood forests to semi-arid scrubland, prairies and badlands." 1/5/09 13:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6412-LifeCycle 6412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown. Larvae are probably solitary defoliators. Pupation takes place in silken cocoons of a tubular shape, on leaves." 1/5/09 13:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6412-TrophicStrategy 6412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Based on insect forest surveys data larvae feed on willow leaves (Salix spp.) and honeysuckle (Lonicera sp.). In British Columbia larvae were found feeding on flowers of snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) (J. Tatum, web reference)." 1/5/09 13:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6413-ConservationStatus 6413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "This is an introduced species in North America, currently spreading northward and westward (Pohl et al. 2005)." 1/5/09 15:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6413-Cyclicity 6413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Europe adults fly in July and August. In North America adults were captured in July. Specimens are attracted to light. 1/5/09 15:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6413-Distribution 6413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout Eurasia. It has been accidentally introduced into North America and it is now established in Alberta (Olds) (Pohl et al. 2005) and Ontario (Ottawa area) (L. Scott, web reference)." 1/5/09 15:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6413-GeneralDescription 6413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Head white, antennae banded with brown on each segment, labial palpi porrect, dorsally white, ventrally brown. Thorax white, tegulae and metathorax brown. Legs brown. Forewings strongly hooked, a characteristic shared by many species in the genus Ypsolopha. Dorsal surface of forewings brown, white on the basal one third of the wing, extending lengthwise, but not reaching the external wing margin. There is a well-defined, whitish ""spine"" pointing upwards and away from the wing base. Hindwings uniformly dark grey. Ventral wing surfaces are grey. Ypsolopha dentella can be confused with two species in Alberta. The first one is Y. canariella, which has yellow scales instead of white, the basal white band on forewings reaches the external wing margin and it lacks a ""spine"". The second one is Plutella xylostella, which has a wavy basal band and narrower hingwings with longer fringes. In fact, many early workers such as Meyrick and Ford confused these two species with one another (Alford 1971). However, they can be separated from one another based on the size (P. xylostella is much smaller than Y. dentella), lack of hooked wings on P. xylostella and absence of the characteristic projections that form the ""diamond back"" of P. xylostella when it rests with its wings closed (Alford 1971)." 1/5/09 15:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6413-Habitat 6413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A wide variety of habitats, ranging from forested areas to prairies, creeks and gardens, wherever its host plant occurs." 1/5/09 15:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6413-LifeCycle 6413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Young larvae are green and inconspicuous. Older larvae change colour and become pinkish-red on the dorsal surface (I. Kimber, web reference). Feeding occurs in a loose web. Pupation takes place in elongated silken cocoons among debris on the ground." 1/5/09 15:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6413-TrophicStrategy 6413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.) (Alford 1971; Pohl et al. 2005). 1/5/09 15:53 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5211-ConservationStatus 5211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local and uncommon; no obvious concerns. 12/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5211-Cyclicity 5211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in August. 12/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5211-Distribution 5211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada, from NS west to Alberta; south to ME and NY." 12/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5211-GeneralDescription 5211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.2 - 3.5 cm wingspan) grey and black moth. The forewings are grey with a very wide black median band, concave on the inner edge and straight on the outer. The subterminal line has black scales along the inner side, shading into grey before meeting the median band, and the veins distad to the subterminal line are lined with black. The hindwings are bright white on the basal half, black on the outer. Sexes similar, but the female has a narrower black band on the hindwings. The only moth it could be confused with is the closely related O. chalybdis which replaces it in the mountains. The black collar is edged with white scales in chalybdis (all black in piffardi), and the black median area of the forewing is charcoal and medium gray with a visible median band and claviform spot in chalybdis. Piffardi also lacks the black terminal line of chalybdis, and has a solid dark grey fringe (checkered in chalybdis). There are also minor differences in male genitalic characters, most notably the clasper, which is slightly swollen near the base in piffardi and evenly tapered in chalybdis. Apparently the ranges do not overlap and most specimens can be separated by locality." 12/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5211-Habitat 5211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry shrubby areas with Spiraea. 12/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5211-LifeCycle 5211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single brood each year, with adults flying in late summer. Adults come to light." 12/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5211-TrophicStrategy 5211 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Spiraea, including S. latifoloia (Handfield, 1999)." 12/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5232-ConservationStatus 5232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon local species, but no obvious reasons for concern." 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5232-Cyclicity 5232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta adults are on the wing late June through mid-August. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5232-Distribution 5232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, ranging from the dry interior of WA , OR and CA, west to n. AZ and NM, CO and north into southern AB. In Alberta it has been found north to Dinosaur Provincial Park" 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5232-GeneralDescription 5232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of the small western species of Abagrotis. Superficially they resembles A. hermina in having dark brown forewings and pale hindwings. However they can be easily separated from other species of Abagrotis by the dark streak passing through the orbicular and reniform spots, and in particular by the black filling in the space between the two spots. Even in poorly marked specimens some evidence of this streak will show. In this character they resemble some species of Euxoa." 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5232-Habitat 5232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry prairie grassland with greasewood. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5232-LifeCycle 5232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle There is a single annual brood. Adults are attracted to light. 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5232-TrophicStrategy 5232 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The only known larval host is greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) (Lafontaine, 1998)." 1/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4110-ConservationStatus 4110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare in Alberta; known only from the Waterton region. Widespread in the west. 12/10/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4110-Cyclicity 4110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No Alberta data; McGuffin (1981) states adults fly from May to September. 12/10/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4110-Distribution 4110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern interior BC southward, with a single Alberta record from the Waterton region (erroneously stated as Calgary in McGuffin 1981)." 12/10/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4110-GeneralDescription 4110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Members of this genus are medium-sized geometrids, best recognized by the pointed forewing apex and the contrast between the dark-coloured forewings and light hindwings; unlike most geometrids, the fore- and hindwing patterns are not similar. D. unicalcaria lacks the falcate forewing tip (indented below the apex) of D. falcataria." 12/10/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4110-Habitat 4110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open montane forest. 12/10/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4110-LifeCycle 4110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal, possibly double-brooded (McGuffin 1981, Miller & Hammond 2000). Larvae are light brown with obscure brown markings, presumably cryptic against the branches of the host." 12/10/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4110-TrophicStrategy 4110 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae in this genus feed only on species of Ceanothus (Miller & Hammond 2000). It is likely associated with C. velutinus in Alberta. 12/10/03 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5302-ConservationStatus 5302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Fairly common and no reasons for concern. 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5302-Cyclicity 5302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June to early September. 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5302-Distribution 5302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to Vancouver Island; south to Arizona and Iowa. In Alberta found mainly throughout the dryer southern grasslands region, north nearly to Edmonton." 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5302-GeneralDescription 5302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (4.5-5.0 cm wingspan) mottled rusty red-brown moth. The forewings are red-brown with darker patches in the median and terminal areas. There is short basal dash, and two blackish patches on the terminal area divided by a pale w-mark. Antemedian and post-median lines pale, the later curving inward near upper margin. The orbicular and reniform spots are indistinct, marked only by a few paler scales. Fringe checkered red and dark brown. Hindwings sooty brown, with a faint dark discal mark and red-brown fringe. Antennae simple; sexes similar. Male genitalia with ampullae strongly developed, and digitus perhaps the largest in genus. Basal hair pencils present on the abdomen. The strong W-mark separating two darker terminal patches separates lignicolora from other red-brown Apamea, i.e. vultuosa, dubitans and scoparia.\n\n" 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5302-Habitat 5302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassy edges and clearings in wooded or shrubby areas. 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5302-LifeCycle 5302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Lignicolora is nocturnal and comes to light. The adults are known to hide during the day under loose bark of trees. 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5302-TrophicStrategy 5302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No Alberta data; elsewhere reported to feed on quack grass (Agropyron repens) and other grasses. 2/4/05 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5312-ConservationStatus 5312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rare and very local species in Alberta. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5312-Cyclicity 5312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late July and early August. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5312-Distribution 5312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Alberta east to southwestern Manitoba, the eastern parts of the Dakotas and eastern Iowa; west to California and south to southern Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas. In Alberta there are historical records from Lethbridge, Monarch, High River and Calgary. The only recent records are for a colony discovered by Chris Schmidt in 2004 in dunes north of Chauvin (east of Wainwright)." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5312-GeneralDescription 5312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.8-4.1 cm wingspan) moth with pale yellow forewings and immaculate white hindwings. Occasional specimens may have fine dark dots at the veins indicating the antemedian and postmedian lines. Copablepharon viridisparsum is white (not yellow) with a faint green cast, dark scaling in the central hindwing area and a faint dark discal spot. C. longipenne is a dull grey-brown or tan moth with light grey hindwings." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5312-Habitat 5312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sand dunes and sandy prairie. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5312-LifeCycle 5312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. The larvae overwinter buried in the soil when partly grown. They complete their development in the spring, then pupate in an earthen cell in the soil. There is a single annual brood. Adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5312-TrophicStrategy 5312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "No data. In the lab a larvae was reared on alfalfa and barley (Strickland, 1920)." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5873-ConservationStatus 5873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 5/29/06 8:03 2/5/14 0:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5873-Cyclicity 5873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "May to October (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 8:03 2/5/14 0:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5873-Distribution 5873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to the Rocky Mountains and California (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 8:03 2/5/14 0:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5873-GeneralDescription 5873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Moderate sized beetle (14-30 mm) with reddish brown cuticle. Hairs can be reddish brown, white, or gray. Antennae can either extend past the elytra 5 segments in males or 3 segments in females. Scutellum is rounded and highly hairy with hairless line in the middle. Legs are covered in fine grayish hairs. Distinguished from other species by angular apices and flowing ridges of the elytra (Linsley and Chemsak, 1984)." 5/29/06 8:03 2/5/14 0:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5873-Habitat 5873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous woodlands. 5/29/06 8:03 2/5/14 0:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5873-LifeCycle 5873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very similar to other Monochamus species, with adults emerging around May to June. Larvae laid in irregular notches will emerge and cause oval shaped excavation tunnels in Pinus species while feeding on the wood of the tree." 5/29/06 8:03 2/5/14 0:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5873-TrophicStrategy 5873 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy According to Linsley and Chemsak (1997) larvae will feed in the phloem of numerous Pinus species. 5/29/06 8:03 2/5/14 0:06 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5848-ConservationStatus 5848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No information indicating any concern. 4/6/06 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5848-Cyclicity 5848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flight period mid June - early July, ending late July (Hobbs 1956) - August (Milne & Milne 1980)." 4/6/06 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5848-Distribution 5848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "British Columbia, south to California and Mexico and east to Nebraska and Texas. One specimen (male) recorded in Michigan confirms rare range east of Mississippi. Because the females are difficult to distinguish from M. latimanus any specimens found east of Mississippi should only be considered authentic if male specimens are available (Mitchell 1962)." 4/6/06 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5848-GeneralDescription 5848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Females: Identify with caution. Practically undistinguishable from the females of Megachile latimanus Say. Body length is 13-14 mm, stout and completely black with yellowish spurs (articulate hairs). Mouth mandibles have 5 tooth projections. Soft, downy hair (pubescent) is dense and yellow on the lower cheeks, very dense and yellow on lateral and posterior thorax. Abdomen segments are fringed with short whitish hairs. Wings subhyaline (sub transparent) and quite smoky at the apical end. Tergum (dorsal abdomen segment) 6 slightly concave and sternum (ventral abdomen segment) 6 with pollen collecting “scopa” having dense yellowish hairs and scopa is orange in colour. (Mitchell 1962).\nMales: Similar to M. latimuanus but recognizable by the mid basitarsal (lower segments of legs) protuberance (swelling) being much smaller, narrow and keel-shaped compared to the blunt, robust protuberance of M. latimuanus. Body length is 12-13 mm, stout, black body with front legs yellowish. Large cheeks with concave inferior margin, nearly twice as wide as the eyes and mouth mandibles with 3-tooth projection. Pubescence is yellowish and is dense and elongate around the antennae, lower face, short and thin on the cheeks with a pair of short white hair (looks like lines). Abdomen segments are fringed with short whitish hairs. Long and bright yellow hairs on the scutum (dorsal surface of middle mesothorax segment). Front tarsi (lower segments on legs) are yellow and mid and hind femur (upper leg segment) are quite swollen. Wings are subhyaline (sub transparent) at the base and appear more cloudy at the apex. Genital armatures have robust gonocoxites, which constricts above the base, setae projects towards the apex, dorsal lobe is broad and flat and ventral lobe is curved and slender. (Mitchell 1962)." 4/6/06 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5848-Habitat 5848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Nest in ground concealed by dense vegetation (Hobbs 1956). Meadows & orchards (Milne & Milne 1980). 4/6/06 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5848-LifeCycle 5848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Univoltine (one generation reaches maturity per year) (Hobbs 1956, Milne & Milne 1980). Recorded gregarious nesting in gravel railway embankment (Hobbs 1956). Cells are constructed from circular, oblong or / and irregular leaf cuttings and then provisioned with approximately 15 loads of pollen (Hobbs 1956). Cells are capped off with several circular leaf pieces and are not all constructed in one tunnel (Hobbs 1956). Parasitism by parasitic bees includes Coelioxys spp., meloid beetles (Nemognatha lutea) and red velvet ants (Dasymutilla fulvohirta) (Hobbs 1956, Krombein et al. 1970). Use in agricultural alfalfa pollinating is somewhat limited by the early blooming of alfalfa in Alberta and later flight period of the bee (Hobbs 1956)." 4/6/06 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5848-TrophicStrategy 5848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Polylectic (collects pollen from wide range of flowering plants). Pollen primarily from the family Compositae including Aster and Lotus spp. (Krombein et al. 1970). 4/6/06 14:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5353-ConservationStatus 5353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A common widespread species; no concerns. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5353-Cyclicity 5353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early mid July through mid September. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5353-Distribution 5353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic; from Newfoundland to western Europe, mainly in the boreal region, south to New England, southern Montana and northern Oregon. It occurs throughout most of the wooded areas of Alberta, including the wooded valleys in the grasslands region." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5353-GeneralDescription 5353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.9-4.2 cm wingspan) dark brown moth with relatively narrow forewings with doubled black basal, antemedian and postmedian lines. The subterminal line is a marked by a row of lighter scales. The orbicular and reniform spots are prominent, the former oval and filled with light brown scales and the later kidney-shaped and partly filled with rusty-orange. The claviform is elongate and filled with black, and there are two short black streaks inside the upper subterminal line. Males differ from females in having a broad pale rusty-orange border to the posterior edge of the forewings. The hindwings are dirty white, shading to darker brown toward the margin. The narrow forewings with rusty-orange reniform and, in males, the paler lower margin, will usually identify this moth. The larvae are described in Lafontaine, 2004." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5353-Habitat 5353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open edges; urban gardens woods and woodland and parks. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5353-LifeCycle 5353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5353-TrophicStrategy 5353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a wide variety of plants, including Atriplex; Minuarta, Lathyrus, Salix, Vaccinium, Ulmus, Trifolium, Allijum, peas, and other trees and low plants. The preferred host is blueberry (Vaccinium) and fennica can be a pest on commercial blueberry crops in the east. They also feed on young conifers, and can be a problem where conifers have been planted for reforestation efforts, in particular in areas where blueberries are also common." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5354-ConservationStatus 5354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An uncommon species; no reasons for concern. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5354-Cyclicity 5354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late June to early August. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5354-Distribution 5354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central Mexico north to the dry interior of southern BC, southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan. In Alberta they have been collected locally north to Tolman Bridge." 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5354-GeneralDescription 5354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth (3.7- 4.1 cm wingspan) that comes in both grey and reddish-brown color forms. The forewings have few prominent markings, and are dusted with grey scales giving them a clouded or frosty appearance. The reniform usually stands out against the ground, and there are poorly defined darker markings along the costa and in the terminal area, especially near the apex. The hindwings are white, with a bit of dark shading along the outer margin. The narrow, jet-black thoracic collar will separate exuberans from most similar moths, in particular from Euxoa sp. The related and much more common Anicla tepperi is gray and has prominent dark lines crossing the forewings.\n\nUntil recently placed in the genus Euagrotis, now sunk as a subgenus under Anicla (Lafontaine 2004). The older literature (i.e. Bowman, 1951) lists it as E. bairdi.\n" 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5354-Habitat 5354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry native prairie and montane grassland; badland edges. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5354-LifeCycle 5354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The immature stages are unknown. The adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light. There is a single brood each year. 2/16/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4300-ConservationStatus 4300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4300-Cyclicity 4300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No Alberta data; flies in mid June in the northwest portion of its range. 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4300-Distribution 4300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern California north to Alaska, east to extreme southwestern Alberta (McGuffin 1977)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4300-GeneralDescription 4300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mottled grey geometrid with small discal spots and the usual transverse lines. Externally very similar to Ectropis crepuscularia and Protoboarmia porcelaria, but in Alberta, M. imitata is known only in the Waterton-Crowsnest region, likely in association with Douglas-fir (Pseuotsuga). Identification should be confirmed through genitalic dissection, see McGuffin (1977)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4300-Habitat 4300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane coniferous forest. 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4300-LifeCycle 4300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are laid singly on branches and trunks of the host trees, and hatch in about nine days. Larvae feed on previous years' foliage, preferring the crown and exposed lower branches. Larvae pupate in soil litter, and pupae overwinter (Evans 1962). McGuffin (1977) gives a detailed description of the immature stages." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4300-TrophicStrategy 4300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on the foliage of conifer trees, preferring Douglas fir, hemlock (Tsuga), and fir (Abies)." 2/12/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4301-ConservationStatus 4301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Known globally from only two sites, one of which is in southern AB." 2/12/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4301-Cyclicity 4301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly from late July (?) to early August. 2/12/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4301-Distribution 4301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Known from southern Alberta and south central Montana (Rindge 1981). 2/12/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4301-GeneralDescription 4301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description A non-descript mid-size grey geometrid. Wing ground colour white-grey with an even dusting of grey-brown scales. AM and PM lines diffuse and jagged. Hindwing slightly paler. 2/12/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4301-Habitat 4301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie grassland. 2/12/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4301-LifeCycle 4301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Nothing is known of this specie's immature stages. It is known only from the the type series of six specimens, one of which was collected 9 miles north of Coaldale, AB by D.F. Hardwick on August 4, 1961 (Rindge 1981)." 2/12/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4301-TrophicStrategy 4301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are unknown. The larvae of Meris alticolata feed on Penstemon virgatus in Arizona (Rindge 1981), so it is possible that M. patula feeds on Penstemon or other Scrophulariaceae." 2/12/04 0:00 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5433-ConservationStatus 5433 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare in North America from Newfoundland to British-Columbia (Arnett and Thomas, 2000)." 6/6/05 8:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5433-Cyclicity 5433 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The only D. capitatus specimen in the Strickland Museum was collected in June. 6/6/05 8:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5433-Distribution 5433 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In North America, from Newfoundland to British-Columbia (Arnett and Thomas, 2000)." 6/6/05 8:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5433-GeneralDescription 5433 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The size of an adult D. capitatus ranges between 12.5 to 15mm (Downie and Arnett, 1996). The adult D. capitatus is quickly recognized by a densely punctate head with dark yellow color. The temples are almost straight behind the eye (Smetana and Davies, 2000). The color of the head contrasts with the dark brown pronotum and abdomen. The pronotum is covered with patches of yellow setae among the black setae (Downie and Arnett, 1996). The legs are mostly dark brown with some dark yellow area on dorsal side of femur and tibia. The antennae are slightly darker than the head. The densely punctate elytra are covered with widely scattered smooth spots with dark pubescent (Downie and Arnett, 1996). Abdominal terga (dorsal abdominal segment) 2-4 with H-shaped velvety spot at middle and segment 5-6 with gray pubescence (Downie and Arnett, 1996). The gray pubescence is also present on nearly all sternites (ventral abdominal segment). Tarsal formula 5-5-5 and 11 antenomeres with the last one transverse. The last segment of the labial palp is narrow and fusiliform (Downie and Arnett, 1996)." 6/6/05 8:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5433-Habitat 5433 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found on dung, carrion and fungus of various kinds in the northern forests (Arnett and Thomas, 2000)." 6/6/05 8:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5433-LifeCycle 5433 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Like all the members of the Staphilinini tribe, D. capitatus possesses paired eversible defensive glands located at the tip of the abdomen (Arnett and Thomas, 2000). If threatened, D. capitatus brings its last abdominal segment in contact with the threat and releases a chemical mixture (often mixed with defecation) to repell it." 6/6/05 8:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5849-ConservationStatus 5849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern because of agricultural importance. 4/6/06 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5849-Cyclicity 5849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Emerge early-late June and adult activity from early June-late September (Stephen & Torchio 1961). 4/6/06 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5849-Distribution 5849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Massasauga to Vancouver, west to British Columbia (Krombein et al. 1970) and south to Washington, Oregon, California, Kansas, Missouri, Texas and Utah (Stephen & Torchio 1961)." 4/6/06 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5849-GeneralDescription 5849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Female: Body is 8-9 mm long, robust, black body and legs, brownish circular tegulae (articulate sclerite at base of the costa vein) near base of wing and yellow spurs (articulated spine). Large cheeks slightly narrower than the eyes and mouth mandibles with 4 tooth projections. Soft, downy hair (pubescence) yellowish-white and short on the face and cheeks, more elongate and white on the lower cheeks. Pubescence dense around antennae (more yellowish), sides of face, lateral and posterior thorax (shorter and yellowish) and wing bases (more yellowish). Wings are subhyaline (sub transparent). Tergum (dorsal abdomen segments) 4-6 straight in profile with short suberect hairs and abdomen segments fringed with short yellowish-white hairs. (Mitchell 1962). The scopa (pollen-collected hair basket on ventral abdomen) is silvery gray in colour unlike most other leafcutter bees that have yellow, orange, tan or black scopa (Richards 1984).\nMales: Body is 7-8mm long, robust, black body, brownish tegulae, front tarsi (lower segments of leg) partly yellowish with yellow spurs. Cheeks considerably narrower than eyes and mouth mandibles with 3 tooth projections. Pubescence is considerably yellow on the face and dense around antennae, lower face region and front of face. Thorax pubescence is whitish, very dense on lateral and posterior surface and both yellowish or whitish on the dorsal surface. Wings are subhyaline and appear smoky near the apex. Sterna (ventral abdomen surface) 1 – 4 are exposed and have punctures and appear yellowish and hyaline with dense elongate white hairs. Sternum 5 is broad, median area has short, fine and dense setae and sternum 6 has an broad short apical lobe, incurved medially. Genital armatures have gonocoxites, which narrow above the base, is compressed, has a curved down apex, tip elongate and narrow, setae projects towards the apex, dorsal lobe is broad and flat and ventral lobe is curved and slender. (Mitchell 1962" 4/6/06 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5849-Habitat 5849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Nests in existing spaces, wood cracks or spaces between lumber (Stephen & Torchio 1961)." 4/6/06 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5849-LifeCycle 5849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This specie is quite smaller than native leafcutter species (Richards 1984). Univoltine (one generation reaches maturity per year) (Stephen & Torchio 1961) with females mating once, while males can mate several times (Richards 1984) and mating not occurring near the nest (Stephen & Torchio 1961). Nests are made from burrowing into wood, including native and artificially made burrows (Krombein et al. 1970), previously formed holes, wood cracks, spaces between lumber and preferentially narrow tunnels that approximate their body size (Stephen & Torchio 1961). Cells are constructed from oblong leave pieces to form a linear nest of several cells, filled with pasty pollen, eggs are laid and cells are capped with circular leaf pieces (Stephen & Torchio 1961). Females usually lay female eggs in the inner cells and male eggs in the outer cells of the nest Females prefer pliable and soft leaves from species including alfalfa, clover, buckwheat, roses and sage versus tough leaf plant species (Richards 1984). \nOriginally from Europe and Asia and introduced into Canada in 1962 (Hobbs 1972). This solitary bee is valuable in agriculture as a pollinator of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) crops and is easily domesticated (Hobbs 1972, Stephen & Torchio 1961). Factors that contribute to its success in agriculture include gregarious nesting behaviour, use of man-made nests and over-wintering mature larvae (prepupa) stage (Hobbs 1972, Stephen & Torchio 1961). Also, it is more reliable than native species because a reduction in nesting habitat due to land clearing, burning and agriculture have decreased the population of some bee species, including bumble bees and native leafcutter bees (Richards 1984). When this specie was first introduced into Canada it started pollinating alfalfa at 21°C, but some individuals have evolved to start pollination at temperatures of 18°C (Richards 1984)." 4/6/06 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5849-TrophicStrategy 5849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Polylectic (collects pollen from wide range of flowering plants) but preference for pollen from alfalfa flowers suggest preferential oligolectic behaviour (Stephen & Torchio 1961). Pollen from native and introduced flowers including Asclepias, Cosmos, Lotus sp and Veronica (Krombein et al. 1970). Uses alfalfa for nest building and foraging. Also feeds on nectar (Richards 1984)." 4/6/06 15:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6161-Distribution 6161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from southern AB south at least to TX, NM, AZ, and CA. In Alberta, known from a single specimen from “Milk River”." 2/13/08 14:32 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6161-GeneralDescription 6161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.7 – 3.0 cm wingspan) green moth with broad pointed wings. The wings are bright green. A prominent straight white line crosses both wings diagonally, from the forewing costa just short of the apex to lower part of the inner margin of the hindwing. A second similar line crosses the forewing only near the base. Male antennae bipectinate, female simple. Similar to Nemoria species, but the white line pattern is unique among Alberta moths." 2/13/08 14:32 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6161-Habitat 6161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The larval host plant grows on arid native grassland slopes and valley walls. 2/13/08 14:32 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6161-LifeCycle 6161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larval host plant is skunkbush (Rhus trilobata). There is likely a single brood in Alberta. The lone Alberta specimen was collected June 25, 1971." 2/13/08 14:32 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6162-Distribution 6162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extreme southwestern Alberta west to south central BC, south to Colorado, Utah and California. In Alberta known only from Waterton Lakes National Park." 2/13/08 14:33 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6162-GeneralDescription 6162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small moth (2.5-3.2 cm. wingspan) with broad falcate forewings. The forewings are variable in color and pattern, ranging from a relatively clear brown-pink to pinkish brown heavily sprinkled with black scales. There is a small black discal dot, and they are crossed by faint to prominent antemedian, median and postmedian cross lines. The hindwings are white with a pink cast, with a small dark discal dot and a slight dusting of dark scales near the margins. The variability in the appearance of these little moths is fairly extreme. However, they can be identified by the combination of small size, bright hindwings and falcate forewing shape." 2/13/08 14:33 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6162-Habitat 6162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Falcataria occurs in woodlands associated with Ceanothus sp. 2/13/08 14:33 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6162-LifeCycle 6162 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is apparently a single brood with adults (in BC) in June and July. According to McGuffin (1981) the larvae are reported to come in two color forms, brown and green. He states that all 50 he reared were green. Miller and Hammond illustrate a larva in color; however that larva is a patchwork of grey, silver, white, tan and black, with a thin broken yellow spiracular line! The larvae mature in five instars. The larval host plant is Ceanothus (Mller & Hammond 2003)." 2/13/08 14:33 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6163-Distribution 6163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic; in North America found throughout much of the wooded parts of Canada, north to YT and NWT, south in the east to WV. In Alberta widespread and fairly common in the southern Boreal forest and Parklands regions, rare in the mountains." 2/13/08 14:33 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6163-GeneralDescription 6163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-small size (wingspan 2-2.5 cm) broad-winged dull charcoal and white moth. Forewings dull black or dark grey, crossed by a doubled white antemedian and prominent white postmedian band, the later with a faint grey line splitting it in two. Terminal areas grey, with upper half broader and darker, divided by a scalloped white line. Forewing discal spot a small black oval. Hindwings lighter grey, crossed by a series of obscure pale wavy lines, the white postmedian band wider and more prominent. Sexes similar; antennae in both sexes densely and finely ciliate. The smaller black and white E. sperryi is more crisply marked. Most similar to Euphyia intermedia, but greyer and with blurrier markings, not as crisp as in intermedia. The subterminal dark patch of E. intermedia is usually broken by a white streak just below the apex, but is not so divided in alternata. E. alternata also have patches of cinnamon hairs in the outer part of the dark patch on the upper forewing submargin, visible under magnification; these are lacking in E. intermedia." 2/13/08 14:33 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6163-Habitat 6163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "E. alternata frequents open woods, edges and meadows." 2/13/08 14:33 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6163-LifeCycle 6163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, with adults from late May through early August, peaking in early July." 2/13/08 14:33 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6163-TrophicStrategy 6163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on species of bedstraw (Galium). 2/13/08 14:33 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4669-ConservationStatus 4669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4669-Cyclicity 4669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly in mid July to early August. 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4669-Distribution 4669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to FL, west to Alberta and AZ (Covell 1970)." 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4669-GeneralDescription 4669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Identifying species of Scopula can present a challenge, and differences among species are best appreciated by looking at series of specimens. S. limboundata can generally be distinguished from other Scopula by the broad, diffuse band of submarginal spots in combination with the well-defined black discal spots. The submarginal band is variable, and specimens which are almost entirely charcoal grey occur; conversely, individuals which totally lack the submarginal spots (form enucleata) are very similar to S. ancellata and S. junctaria, but limboundata has an irregular PM line (straight or nearly so in ancellata and junctaria), and discal spots are usually absent in junctaria. Structurally the hind tibia of limboundata is more than three times the length of the tarsus, while all other Scopula have a much shorter hind tibia (Covell 1970)." 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4669-Habitat 4669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Forests and woodlands. 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4669-LifeCycle 4669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are thin and elongate, mimicking twigs. They overwinter in the fourth instar (McGuffin 1967, Wagner et al. 2001). Adults come to light, and can also be flushed by day when they rest with the wings to the side and flattened against the substrate.\n" 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4669-TrophicStrategy 4669 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalist feeders on trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, including blueberry (Vaccinium), cherry (Prunus), shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), bedstraw (Galium) and smartweed (Polygonum) (Covell 1970)." 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4670-ConservationStatus 4670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4670-Cyclicity 4670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The peak flight season is late June to early July. 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4670-Distribution 4670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widely distributed, from the southern Northwest Territories to Texas and Florida (McGuffin 1977)." 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4670-GeneralDescription 4670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A mottled grey geometer with the usual AM and PM lines. The wing pattern is very similar to that of Ectropis crepuscularia, but the subterminal dark patch opposite the forewing discal cell is usually less prominent or absent in porcelaria, and the male antennae of porcelaria are much more strongly pectinate." 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4670-Habitat 4670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Generally common in mixedwood forests. 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4670-LifeCycle 4670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The eggs are laid in large clusters at the base of conifer needles or the underside of deciduous hosts, hatching in about one week. The twig-like larva overwinters in the penultimate instar, often fully exposed on branches of the host (McGuffin 1977, Wagner et al. 2001)." 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4670-TrophicStrategy 4670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae prefer conifers such as balsam fir (Abies), douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga), white spruce (Picea), tamarack (Larix), and western hemlock (Tsuga), but deciduous trees such as birches and poplars (Betula and Populus) are also used on occasion (Prentice 1963)." 5/20/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5856-ConservationStatus 5856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not currently a concern. Prairie bluets are abundant throughout their range. 4/10/06 8:13 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5856-Cyclicity 5856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults fly from late May until early August, later in the southern part of its range." 4/10/06 8:13 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5856-Distribution 5856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Prairie bluets can be found from the western edge of Ontario as far west as northeast British Columbia (e.g. Peace River area). There are records from the southern edge of the Northwest Territories to the north-central states (e.g. Minnesota, South Dakota) (Walker 1953)." 4/10/06 8:13 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5856-GeneralDescription 5856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The prairie bluet is more robust and darker blue in colour than the other Eurasian bluets (C. interrogatum and C. resolutum) found in North America (Walker 1953). Males have a distinct colour pattern on the abdomen; segments 3 to 7 are black with blue bands that become progressively smaller towards the end of the abdomen. The end of the abdomen is almost completely blue (Walker 1953, Acorn 2004). Males also have a distinctive black spot on the top of the second abdominal segment and slightly widened terminal abdominal segments (Westfall and May 1996). Female colours are usually yellow-green to tan but can be blue like the males (Westfall and May 1996). Abdominal segments 3 to 7 are dark without coloured rings and segment 8 has pale colouration on top at the base (Walker 1953, Acorn 2004). The dorsal surface immediately behind the head on females has three lobes on the posterior margin; the middle lobe projects above the other two (Walker 1953). Prairie bluets are small damselflies, rarely exceeding 3 cm in length.\nLarvae of the prairie bluet are difficult to distinguish from the other Eurasian bluets or even American bluets (genus Enallagma) or forktails (genus Ischnura). The prairie bluet has no obvious characters that allows for identificaion in the field. Coenagrion larvae are of average stature with the posterior margin of the head rounded and eyes not very prominent (Walker 1953)." 4/10/06 8:13 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5856-Habitat 5856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairie ponds and sloughs, slow moving streams." 4/10/06 8:13 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5856-LifeCycle 5856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Sawchyn and Gillott (1975) performed a detailed study on the biology of prairie bluets in Saskatchewan. Females lay soft, creamy-white eggs during June and July in cuts made in living, aquatic plant tissue. Embryonic development takes 2 to 3 weeks. Larvae develop rapidly and near completion by October. Larvae over-winter in one of the final three stages (instars) of development, frozen in the ice that forms in their shallow habitat. The larvae intentionally place themselves where they become embedded in the ice but do not freeze. The larvae remain dormant until April when the ice melts and then continues development. This adaptation likely does not occur throughout the prairies bluets range. Larvae leave the water to become adults by mid-June. Newly emerged adults disperse from the larval habitat to feed and mature. Maturation requires about 1 week and mating occurs away from the water, oviposition occurs within 2 weeks of adult emergence. Oviposition occurs with the male still attached to the female. Eggs are always deposited below the water surface on floating or emergent vegetation. Baker and Clifford (1981) report that taiga bluets can take two years to complete their life cycle; this is likely the case with prairie bluets." 4/10/06 8:13 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5856-TrophicStrategy 5856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults feed on flies (e.g. midges) (Sawchyn and Gillott 1975). Larval diet is likely similar to that of the taiga bluet, which feed on, fly larvae, water fleas, other odonate larvae and assorted invertebrates (Baker and Clifford 1981)." 4/10/06 8:13 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5977-ConservationStatus 5977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not a concern. 1/8/07 13:14 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5977-Cyclicity 5977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Bivoltine, adults over-winter laying eggs in spring and summer. Poorly documented life history." 1/8/07 13:14 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5977-Distribution 5977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "North America wide, common in mid-Alberta aspen-parkland to southern short grass prairies." 1/8/07 13:14 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5977-GeneralDescription 5977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Within Alberta there are two other species which may be confused with Notonecta kirbyi: N. borealis and N. undulata. Of these, N. borealis occurs only in the boreal region and N. undulata is found across all of North America (Brooks and Kelton 1967, Hungerford 1917). As an adult N. kirbyi is the largest of the Alberta Notonectids (12-15 mm). Notonecta borealis may be differentiated from N. kirbyi by its white head, scutellum and hemelytra. As there is a great deal of variation in N. undulata it may be difficult to tell it apart from N. kirbyi by colouration. The head to propleuron of N. kirbyi is greenish yellow and the scutellum is always black, whereas N. undulata may be variable colours including yellow, green and has a black scutellum. Brooks and Kelton (1967) use morphological differences in eye colouration and the space between the eyes at the vertex of the head to distinguish very similar-looking individuals. Notonecta kirbyi's eyes are red, and the space between them at the vertex is about one half the distance of the distance between the perimeter of the eyes at the frons. Notonecta undulata's eyes are black. The distance between its eyes at the vertex is less than one half of the total distance between the perimeters of the eyes at the frons. Keel hairiness always reliably tells the difference between the two species under a dissecting microscope. Notonecta kirbyi has a bare keel on the fourth abdominal sternite that is hairy on both sides (Brooks and Kelton 1967). Notonecta undulata has a line of hair on the fourth abdominal sclerite keel (Brooks and Kelton 1967). The most distinguishing feature of N. kirbyi are its large, cloudy bands stretching across the leathery section of the hemelytra (from the inner edge of the clavus to the outer costal margin). Notonecta kirbyi is synonymous with N. insulata (Uhler), N. insulata var. impressa, N. (Paranecta) kirbyi (Henry and Froeshner 1988)." 1/8/07 13:14 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5977-Habitat 5977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Fishless, often ephemeral pools or slow lentic systems, within macrophytes and other debris." 1/8/07 13:14 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5977-LifeCycle 5977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little is known about the life history of this organism (Rice, 1954). The eggs are approximately 2.2 mm long, the largest of any notonectid, and the hard chorion has puncture marks for respiration (Rice 1954). A mucilaginous sheath attaches eggs to substrates (Rice 1954). Development to the adult stage through five instars takes ~50 days (Rice 1954). Emergent adults do not develop ova as late as November, thus it is presumed they over-winter as adults (Rice 1954). Instars 1-4 hunt in the upper 50 cm of the water column (Streams 1992). The fifth instar and adults hunt below 50 cm depth in the water column (Streams 1992). Notonecta kirbyi displays the longest foraging dives of any Notonectinae measured: up to 14.6 minutes, seven times that of the next highest species N. undulata (Streams 1987). This species is rarer than the ubiquitous N. undulata (Rice 1954, Streams 1992) either because it prefers muddy habitat or because we haven't looked hard enough." 1/8/07 13:14 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5977-TrophicStrategy 5977 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "First and second instar nymphs have been noted to feed on crustaceans (Murdoch et al 1984) third instars and larger feed on larger prey like dytiscid larvae, mayflies, and terrestrial species that fall onto the surface of the water (Murdoch et al 1984). This species will devour anything it can subdue." 1/8/07 13:14 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4712-ConservationStatus 4712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is considered a pest throughout most of its range. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4712-Cyclicity 4712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight period is from late June through to early September. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4712-Distribution 4712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "These beetles are found in pine forests in Canada from British Columbia to Ontario. They have also been found in the USA in Idaho, Minnesota, Michigan, Colorado, Utah and Wyoming." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4712-GeneralDescription 4712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The frons has fine punctures with sparse granules. The pronotum has coarse punctures. Has a narrow epistomal process. The declivity is steep and convex. The striae on the declivity are weak impressions and have minute punctures on the declivity. This species has distinct male genitalia. Size ranges from 5.0 mm to 7.3 mm. Pronotum is dark brown and elytra are reddish brown. The distinct punctures on the frons and pronotum allow it to be distinguished from D. punctatus. The distinct frons, male genitalia and galleries distinguish it from D. rufipennis." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4712-Habitat 4712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Stumps, windfall and overmature or weakened trees with a DBH of 20 cm or more." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4712-LifeCycle 4712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In the spring, overwintering larvae and both young and adults will become active as the local weather begins to warm. Females will emerge and begin to build new galleries in the phloem region of the tree. The galleries are vertical and are shaped irregularly. The galleries have a main region and two or three shallow expansions along the sides of the gallery are excavated. No egg niches are excavated. They will be joined by the male and mating will occur. Eggs are laid in groups of 20 to 50 and after about 10 days they hatch. Females may re-emerge from the gallery and find a new host tree to start a new gallery if sufficient time remains in the season. Larvae feed in groups and will feed in irregular patterns characteristic of the species, leaving some parts of the phloem uneaten. It takes approximately one year for larvae to develop.\n" 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4712-TrophicStrategy 4712 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species mainly feeds on Pinus banksiana (Jack Pine), P. contorta (Lodgepole Pine) in Alberta. It also feeds on P. strobus outside of Alberta." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6164-Distribution 6164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "NL to YT. In Alberta it has been collected in the Boreal, Parklands and Mountain regions, where it is locally common." 2/13/08 14:34 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6164-GeneralDescription 6164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.8-2.0 cm wingspan) day-flying moth with black and white wings. The black forewings are crossed by a basal line of scattered white scales, a more prominent white antemedian band and a prominent white postmedian band divided by a series of small black dots and bent sharply outward near the midpoint. The subterminal area is black and is crossed by a subterminal line consisting of a series of small white crescents. Essentially the same pattern occurs on the hindwings. The fringe is black checkered with white at the veins. Very similar to forms of both Rheumaptera hastata and Rheumaptera subhastata, both of which are larger and usually have more extensive areas of black or white. E. alternata is also larger and is mostly grey, not black, and lacks the crisp, busy pattern of sperryi." 2/13/08 14:34 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6164-Habitat 6164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It frequents open wooded areas, edges, etc." 2/13/08 14:34 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6164-LifeCycle 6164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "E. sperryi is a diurnal moth. There is a single brood in Alberta, with adults from early May through early July, with the peak in June. The early stages and larval hosts are apparently unknown." 2/13/08 14:34 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6164-TrophicStrategy 6164 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown, but other closely related Palaearctic species all feed on species of bedstraw (Gallium), which is the likely host for sperryi as well." 2/13/08 14:34 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6165-Distribution 6165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Greater Grapevine Looper is primarily an eastern hardwood forest moth, found from eastern Canada south to FL. It has also been collected west to SK and central AB, where it is rare or accidental." 2/13/08 14:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6165-GeneralDescription 6165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (35-4.0 cm wingspan) light ochre-yellow moth with broad slightly falcate forewings. Forewings crossed by several narrow rusty-orange lines, the outer two drawn sharply out into a point almost to margin, with darker yellow-orange scaling in area where the two lines meet. Prominent dark discal dot. Hindwings lighter straw yellow, with fragments of dark rust-orange lines near margin in anal area. Antennae simple or nearly so. Sexes similar. The illustrated adult is the specimen from Calgary. Very similar to Eulithis. diversilineata, which averages smaller and has differences in the genitalia and larva, and has small or obsolete discal dots." 2/13/08 14:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6165-Habitat 6165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It occurs in urban areas and hardwood forest. 2/13/08 14:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6165-LifeCycle 6165 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal. Like other Eulithis sp., when at rest they curl the abdomen upward and forward over the thorax, breaking up their otherwise moth-like image. The larvae are brown and twig-like, and feed on grapevines (Vitis sp.) and Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus sp.) neither of which occur naturally in Alberta. Handfield (1999) also lists Epilobium as a host, without further details. The Edmonton specimen was collected on July 23, 1915, the Calgary specimen on August 10, 1919." 2/13/08 14:35 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6166-Distribution 6166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental in Canada, south in the east to North Carolina and in the west to Arizona. It has been collected in Alberta." 2/13/08 14:35 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6166-GeneralDescription 6166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "One of the two yellow-brown Eulithis regularly encountered in AB, propulsata is a medium-size broad-winged brownish yellow moth with slightly falcate forewings. The forewings are crossed be a series of parallel bent thin brown lines. The space between the antemedian and postmedian lines is slightly darker on the upper half, and contains a number of faint circles and loops. The hindwings are paler yellow buff. Sexes similar, antennae simple. Most similar to E. testata, which is darker orange and has a darker and more contrasting pattern, and a narrow white border on the postmedian line and apical dash. The very rare E. gracilineata is lighter yellow than propulsata, and has the postmedian line dragged out sharply in a single point almost to the outer margin of the forewing. The larva is described and illustrated by Wagner et al, 2001. Choi (2001:16) illustrates the male genitalia." 2/13/08 14:35 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6166-Habitat 6166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It has been collected in Alberta in wooded habitats throughout the southern boreal, cordilleran and parkland regions (where it is often the most common Eulithis); rare along river corridors in the grasslands region." 2/13/08 14:35 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6166-LifeCycle 6166 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood in Alberta, with adults from late June through August, peaking in late July-early August. Reported larval hosts include Ribes, Populus, Salix and Vaccinium (Jones 1951; Handfield, 1999; Miller & Hammond, 2000; Kimber 2005). However, FIDS host data for Alberta is almost exclusively gooseberry and current (Ribes sp.) (Prentice, 1963)." 2/13/08 14:35 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5431-ConservationStatus 5431 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No infomation available. 6/3/05 9:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5431-Cyclicity 5431 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult specimens in the Strickland Museum were collected in May and June. 6/3/05 9:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5431-Distribution 5431 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Pyractomena borealis can be found in central Alberta, in the Edmonton and George Lake areas. It also ranges through much of eastern North America, in Canada from Nova Scotia to Alberta (Bousquet 1991), and in the eastern U.S. from Maine through Wisconsin south to Florida and Texas (Green 1957)." 6/3/05 9:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5431-GeneralDescription 5431 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Both male and female adults of P. borealis are 11-19mm long (Green 1957). Their elytra are dark brown with very narrow to obliterated pale margins and a pale elytral suture. The pronotum is subpentagonal in shape, lighter than the elytra, with a dark median vitta (stripe) and sometimes with rosy patches. The lateral edges of the pronotum also have dark vittae, which are often pale and difficult to notice in some specimens. Pyractomena borealis can be differentiated from all other Alberta fireflies, except P. dispersa, by the presence of light organs, which appear as two pale, enamel-like ventral abdominal segments in the male. The female has enamel-like organs confined to the edges of these same segments. The extent of secondary elytral pubescence is useful in differentiating P. borealis from other Pyractomena species. In Pyractomena borealis, this secondary elytral pubescence (very tiny hairs, which give the elytra a dusty appearance) is present on most of the dorsal elytral surface, extending from the apex to about the basal quarter. In some specimens, this pubescence extends further, with only the basal 1/6th of each elytron appearing glabrous. Pyractomena borealis larvae are campodeiform, 17-22mm long in the 5th (last) instar, quite hard bodied, and somewhat flattened dorsoventrally. First instar larvae measure 3.5-4.5mm (Archangelsky 1998). Larval colour ranges from dark brown to brick red, and the pattern can be variegated (Arnett 2001). The abdomen narrows gradually to the 10th (last) segment, which is very small and contains the larval hold-fast organ. This structure is like a posterior foot; it has 10 protractible finger-like structures, each covered in tiny hooks, which allow the larvae to grasp surfaces or objects. The head of these larvae is long and narrow, and can be fully retracted into the thorax (Archangelsky 1998).\nRoyal Alberta Museum page" 6/3/05 9:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5431-Habitat 5431 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wet, wooded areas." 6/3/05 9:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5431-LifeCycle 5431 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Pyractomena borealis overwinters as a 5th instar larvae. The overwintering position is usually on a tree trunk some distance from the ground, and often on the southern exposure in the path of winter sunlight (Lloyd 1997). Larvae hang head down by their posterior hold-fast organ. The hold-fast organ is used not only to grip trees, but aids in larval movement and is used to groom the head after feeding, or the body after moving about in soil or debris. Pupation occurs in the early spring and lasts 4 to 5 days. Mating occurs very soon after adult emergence, and 3 to 4 days after mating a clutch of up to 100 eggs is laid in cracks in tree bark, or under loose pieces of bark. First instar larvae hatch after a month; subsequent larval moults occur in the same head-downward position that is exhibited during pupation and overwintering. Each instar, except the 5th, lasts less than 20 days (Archangelsky 1998). Both males and females are luminous." 6/3/05 9:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5431-TrophicStrategy 5431 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on snails. In the first three instars, multiple larvae may feed on a single snail, while later instars become solitary predators. The protractible head of P. borealis allows it to reach into narrow portions of a snail's shell, and the mandibles have an internal channel that is used to inject digestive fluids into the prey (Archangelsky 1998)." 6/3/05 9:07 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5432-ConservationStatus 5432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Abundant. 6/6/05 8:14 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5432-Cyclicity 5432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity More abundant in early spring and early fall but also active in the summer. 6/6/05 8:14 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5432-Distribution 5432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout North America (Downie and Arnett, 1996)." 6/6/05 8:14 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5432-GeneralDescription 5432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The head and thorax of the larva are of dark red to dark brown color. Its abdomen is of a dirty gray to brown color (Voris, 1939). A mature larva is about 20 to 25mm in length and 3.5mm in width (Voris, 1939). Larvae are cylindrical and stout (Voris, 1939). The adult C. maxillosus is a large rove beetle with a size varying between 12 and 23mm (Arnett and Thomas, 2000). This shiny black species is characterized by the presence of yellow-gray setae on the posterior angles of the head and anterior angle of the pronotum (Arnett and Thomas, 2000). The yellow-gray setae are more obviously found on the 2nd and 3rd (sometime 4th) abdominal segments and on the elytra where they form wide variable bands encircling the body. Like the other species of the genus Creophilus, the disk of the pronotum and most of the disc on the neck are nearly free of punctures or setae (Smetana and Davies, 2000). The tarsal formula is 5-5-5 and the legs are entirely black. The antennae are composed of 11 segments." 6/6/05 8:14 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5432-Habitat 5432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Can be found in wooded areas but prefer more open ground. Found also in synanthropic habitat (Downie and Arnett, 1996)." 6/6/05 8:14 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5432-LifeCycle 5432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Total duration of development of C. maxillosus from the deposition of the egg to the emergence of the adult is approximately 37 days (Kramer, 1955). The milky white colored eggs are about 2 to 3 mm in length and hatch after approximately 3 days depending on temperature (Voris, 1939). Emergence of the adult from the obtect pupa (length=11mm, width=4mm) takes approximately 13 days (Voris, 1939). The adult C. maxillosus flies well and possesses a chemical defense mechanism (Jefson et al, 1983). Its movable abdomen is used to bring the eversible gland (containing the chemical) in contact with the enemy. The principal ingredient of the chemical defense is called dihydronepetalactone (Jefson et al, 1983)." 6/6/05 8:14 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5432-TrophicStrategy 5432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Commonly found on dung and carrion of all kinds where it feeds on adult and immature dipteran species (Downie and Arnett, 1996)." 6/6/05 8:14 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5857-ConservationStatus 5857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not currently a concern. Subarctic bluets are not commonly found and their biology is not well documented. It remains the least known Eurasian bluet (Walker 1953, Acorn 2004)." 4/10/06 8:32 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5857-Cyclicity 5857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults fly late May to late July depending on latitude. 4/10/06 8:32 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5857-Distribution 5857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Most northerly range of the Eurasian bluets with records in Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, throughout most of Canada and east to Newfoundland. Found in some northerly states towards the east and much of New England." 4/10/06 8:32 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5857-GeneralDescription 5857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The subarctic bluet is similar in size and proportions to the taiga bluet (C. resolutum) but has different colour patterns and markings (Walker 1953). Males have a black mark on the underside of the thorax in the shape of a Y while the taiga bluet has no markings (Westfall and May 1996). On each side of the top of the thorax are wide, broken blue strips (appear to be on their shoulders) that are wider than the black strips below (Walker 1953, Acorn 2004). Female subarctic bluets also have black markings on the underside of the thorax (Westfall and May 1996) Abdominal segments 3 to 7 have dark streaks on the underside and blue or greenish rings, segments 8 and 9 have blue or greenish areas on the dorsal surface (Walker 1953, Acorn 2004). Subarctic bluets are small damselflies, rarely exceeding 3 cm in length.\nLarvae of the subarctic bluet are difficult to distinguish from the other Eurasian bluets (C. angulatum and C. resolutum) or even American bluets (genus Enallagma) or forktails (genus Ischnura). The subarctic bluet has no obvious characters that allows for identification in the field; two published keys use very finely detailed characters (Baker and Clifford 1980, Canning and Canning 1980). Coenagrion larvae are of average stature with the posterior margin of the head rounded and eyes not very prominent (Walker 1953)." 4/10/06 8:32 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5857-Habitat 5857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open marshes and bogs with cool water and preferably abundant aquatic mosses. 4/10/06 8:32 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5857-LifeCycle 5857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is no specific life history information available for the subarctic bluet. However, they occur in the same range and have similar seasonality to the prairie and taiga bluets and therefore will likely have comparable life styles. Sawchyn and Gillott (1975) performed a detailed study on the biology of prairie taiga bluets in Saskatchewan. Females lay soft, creamy-white eggs during June and July in cuts made in living, aquatic plant tissue. Embryonic development takes 2 to 3 weeks. Larvae develop rapidly and near completion by October. They over-winter in one of the final three stages (instars) of development, frozen in the ice that forms in their shallow habitat. The larvae intentionally place themselves where they become embedded in the ice but do not freeze. The larvae remain dormant until April when the ice melts and then continues development. This adaptation likely does not occur throughout the subarctic bluets range. Larvae leave the water to become adults by mid-June. Newly emerged adults disperse from the larval habitat to feed and mature. Maturation requires about 1 week and mating occurs away from the water, oviposition occurs within 2 weeks of adult emergence. Oviposition occurs with the male still attached to the female. Eggs are may be deposited above or below the water surface on floating or emergent vegetation. Baker and Clifford (1981) report that taiga bluets can take two years to complete their life cycle; this is likely the case with prairie bluets." 4/10/06 8:32 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5857-TrophicStrategy 5857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Specific diet is unknown but likely similar to that of the taiga bluet. Adults feed on flies (e.g. midges) (Sawchyn and Gillott 1975). Larvae prey upon fly larvae, water fleas, other odonate larvae and assorted invertebrates (Baker and Clifford 1981)." 4/10/06 8:32 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4713-ConservationStatus 4713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is a major forest pest throughout its range. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4713-Cyclicity 4713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight period begins in mid July and lasts until late August. This may vary with local climates. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4713-Distribution 4713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This beetle is found in conifer forests throughout its range. In Canada it is found in British Columbia and Alberta. In the USA it is found in all US states west of South Dakota. It is also found along the Pacific coast as far south as Baja California, Mexico." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4713-GeneralDescription 4713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "There is no frontal groove on the frons. The pronotum has coarse, closely spaced punctures that may have granules. The elytral declivity is dull and may have small granules. It may look similar to D. jeffreyi Hopkins, but pronotal features and smaller size distinguish it. It may also look similar to D. adjunctus Blandford." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4713-Habitat 4713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Windfall and weak or overmature trees with a DBH of more than 15 cm. 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4713-LifeCycle 4713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Beetles and larvae will become active in the spring as the weather begins to warm. Mature females will extend galleries and may or may not continue to oviposit. Some females will reemerge. Females that emerge will find bark crevices and excavate to the cambium. Egg galleries are vertical and straight and found within the phloem region, which may score or stain the cambium. The male will then join the female and mate, after mating the male may leave the gallery. Eggs are laid in egg niches, two eggs may be laid in one niche. There is a 7 to 10 day period before hatching followed by approximately a 300 day larval period. By June of the year after the eggs were laid most larvae have pupated, and most are mature by mid July. After the one month maturation period the newly mature adults will emerge weather conditions are appropriate. During outbreaks it will attack any acceptable hosts of any conifer species." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4713-TrophicStrategy 4713 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Alberta, this species feeds on Pinus albicaulis (White-bark Pine), P. contorta (lodgepole pine), P. flexilis (limber pine) and P. monticola (western white pine). It feeds on many other Pinus species in the rest of its range." 6/14/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4487-ConservationStatus 4487 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4487-Cyclicity 4487 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late July into September in Alberta; peak flight in early August. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4487-Distribution 4487 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread throughout the eastern half of the continent, north and west to Alberta and south to FL (McGuffin 1987)." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4487-GeneralDescription 4487 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large ochre or yellowish fall-flying geometrid. Extremely variable markings and colouration, to the point where barely two individuals are alike. Ranges from pale tan and almost completely unmarked to ochre with heavy transverse lines and extensive dark mottling. Despite this variability, lineola can be separated from similar species by the PM line, which forms a sharp point near the forewing apex. In other species (Synaxis jubararia, Synaxis pallulata and Tetracis sp.), the PM line is straight near the wing apex." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4487-Habitat 4487 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mixedwood and deciduous forests and woodlands. 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4487-LifeCycle 4487 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Much like the adult, larvae are extremely variable in colouration, and mimic twigs. Adults are nocturnal and come to light (McGuffin 1987)." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4487-TrophicStrategy 4487 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are polyphagous on deciduous and coniferous trees and shrubs. Favoured hosts include trembling aspen (Populus), balsam fir (Abies), white birch (Betula), willow (Salix) and balsam poplar (Populus) (Prentice 1963)." 4/8/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4489-ConservationStatus 4489 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Of limited distribution in Alberta, but there are no obvious conservation concerns." 4/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4489-Cyclicity 4489 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity No local data available; May to August in BC (Jones 1951). 4/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4489-Distribution 4489 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution A western montane species. Southwestern AB and southern BC to California (McGuffin 1972). 4/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4489-GeneralDescription 4489 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A cream-white moth speckled with tan scales, and with even grey PM and AM lines on both fore and hindwings. Discal spots absent. P virginalis is similar, but lacks the tranverse lines\n" 4/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4489-Habitat 4489 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat No information available; probably associated with mixed and deciduous forests. 4/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4489-LifeCycle 4489 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "McGuffin (1972) describes the early stages based in part on Dyar's (1906) work. Larvae go through five instars, and pupate before overwintering. Virtually no distribution and flight period data avaiable for Alberta.\n\n" 4/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4489-TrophicStrategy 4489 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) and willows (Salix spp.) (Prentice 1963). 4/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4503-ConservationStatus 4503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A fairly common, widespread species; no concerns." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4503-Cyclicity 4503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults fly in September and again early April - late May. 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4503-Distribution 4503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec, Maine and New York west across southern Canada to Vancouver Island, north to the Northwest Territories and south in the mountains to Arizona and California. In Alberta it is widespread in the parkland, boreal and montane regions, and also in wooded valleys in the grasslands region (Medicine Hat and Dinosaur Provincial Park)." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4503-GeneralDescription 4503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (4.0-4.8 cm wingspan) narrow-winged moth with blue-grey forewings and a prominent pale orbicular spot. There is a long thin basal dash and dark contrasting veins; normal lines mostly obsolete and the subterminal line a series of small blackish wedges between the veins. The orbicular is erect, oblong and pale, and the reniform is high and narrow, slightly concave on the outer side, and pale ringed with some dark filling, especially at the lower end. The hindwings are pale brown-grey. The abdomen lacks tufts. The male genitalia lack a recognizable corona, cucullus and digitus. The sexes are similar, but females are darker. Spring specimens are much paler (faded) than freshly emerged fall ones. The similar L. fagina is smaller, has a contrasting pale frosted-looking costa, and lacks the normal spots, darkened veins and other markings of georgii. Cucullia intermedia is also similar but has pointed forewings (squared in Lithophane)." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4503-Habitat 4503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mature deciduous woodland, plantations, etc." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4503-LifeCycle 4503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, with the adults emerging in the fall and hibernating for the winter, re-appearing in April and laying eggs in the spring. The larvae are climbing cutworms or fruit-worms. They are green with a wide pale dorsal stripe, narrow subdorsal stripes and a wide stigmatal line." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4503-TrophicStrategy 4503 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, including spiraea, hawthorn (Crataegus), maple (Acer), alder (Alnus), dogwood (Cornus), apple Malus), cherry (Prunus), current (Ribes), and willow (Salix). Young fruit as well as foliage is consumed (Rings et al,1992)." 4/13/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6399-Distribution 6399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Arctic Alpine – from northern Quebec across Nunavut to Yukon, south in the Mountains to southern Alberta and BC. In Alberta it has been collected in the Willmore Widernesss area, at Nordegg and Lake Louise." 4/28/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6399-GeneralDescription 6399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx 3 cm wingspan) broad-winged brown diurnal moth. The wings are medium-dark brown, with faint wavy crosslines, the most prominent being the antemedian and postmedian. There is a dark discal spot on the forewing, and a faint discal mark on the hindwing, and the veins are lined with slightly darker brown scales. The wings are lightly checkered with darker scales at the veins. Male antennae bipectinate, female simple. Most likely to be mistaken for a Dodia species (Arctiinae). Similar also to Macaria simplex which is much smaller, and species of Entephria, which are paler and with a much more contracting pattern." 4/28/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6399-LifeCycle 6399 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Diurnal. Almost nothing is known of the life history. Alberta specimens were collected from mid July through mid-August. Possibly bi-annual in Alberta. 4/28/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4794-Distribution 4794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western moth, found from Saskatchewan west to British Columbia, south to California. Widespread in the southern half of Alberta, in the southern boreal forest, parklands and foothills; also found in the wooded parts of the river valleys in the grasslands region. Probably more widespread in the boreal forest, but missed due to the early flight period." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4794-GeneralDescription 4794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2.2 cm wingspan) day-flying moth. The forewings are banded rust pale orange and dark brown and black, with a wide dark blackish median band. The hindwings are bright yellow-orange, crossed by several narrow incomplete dark bands and a wider dark terminal band. Other colorful spring flying geometrids are deeper red-orange or rusty brown. Unmistakable." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4794-Habitat 4794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Southern boreal forest, parklands and foothills; also found in the wooded parts of the river valleys in the grasslands region." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 4794-LifeCycle 4794 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Little information is available for this pretty little moth. It is one of the earliest moths to emerge, appearing as early as the first 10 days of April, peaking in late April and early May. It is strictly diurnal as befits an early emergent moth. Adults will visit flows for nectar. The larval host(s) and early stages are apparently unknown." 7/9/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6398-Distribution 6398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Central Manitoba to northern Alberta, south to California and Mexico. In Alberta stellata has been collected in the boreal forest north of Lake Athabasca (La Butte Creek) south to about Buffalo Lake in the Aspen parklands." 4/28/08 15:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6398-GeneralDescription 6398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small moth (approx. 2 cm wingspan) with mottled brown-pink forewings crossed by an irregular and usually incomplete basal and median band of black. Hind wings paler, with a small dark discal dot, dark grey-pink shading along the outer margin and a broad blackish stripe along the inner margin. In Alberta it could only be confused with E. bowmani Cass. & Swett., which is much smaller and darker and is known only from the Alberta foothills and Manitoulin Island, ON." 4/28/08 15:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6398-Habitat 6398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta stellata has been collected in the boreal forest north of Lake Athabasca (La Butte Creek) south to about Buffalo Lake in the Aspen parklands. 4/28/08 15:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6398-LifeCycle 6398 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Very poorly known. There appears to be a two annual broods; a small one in early June and a larger one from late July through early September. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The early stages and larval hosts appear to be unknown. The fact that it was not recorded during the FIDS surveys suggests it uses a non-woody host. 4/28/08 15:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5775-ConservationStatus 5775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, at one time a severe pest of wild birch, now a minor aesthetic pest." 8/16/05 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5775-Cyclicity 5775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Early to mid May until June or July, later at high elevations." 8/16/05 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5775-Distribution 5775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "European native, Northeast United States, Eastern Canada, Alberta, Northwest Territories, Alaska." 8/16/05 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5775-GeneralDescription 5775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: Small black sawflies. Females only. 4.5 mm long. Black thorax with yellow pronotum and tegula, white legs but with coxa and basal half of femur black. Forewing with slight brown band.\n\nLarvae: Creamy white with distinct brown head capsule about 8 mm long at the last feeding stage. One of only three species in Alberta to feed inside birch leaves. Dorso-ventrally flattened with a prognathous (forward-facing) head. Ventral side of thorax with brown or black banding, only easily visible on 1st segment. This banding can be used to distinguish between two other birch leafmining species, Profenusa thomsoni and Fenusa pusilla in which the bands are larger and more distinct on the 2nd and 3rd thoracic and 1st abdominal segments. The 1st thoracic segment of H. nemoratus larva is wider in the middle than at the union with the head and 2nd thoracic segments when viewed from the ventral or dorsal aspect.\n\nThe position and character of the larval mine can be occasionally used to identify larvae if found alone in birch leaves. Heterarthrus nemoratus mine near the edge of the leaf forming a blotch shaped mine that rarely reaches the mid-rib. Larval mines appear reddish brown and readily crack and break when handled. When opened, mines are usually free of frass. By comparison, P. thomsoni and F. pusilla tend to mine near the bottom or centre of the leaf, occasionally reaching the edge as later instar larvae and have mines filled with frass.\n\nPupae: Pupation occurs in the leaf, larvae spin a silk cocoon between the upper and lower surface of the leaf within the larval mine. Pupal cells appear lens-like when viewed through the leaf. Heterarthrus nemoratus is the only birch leafmining sawfly to pupate in the leaf.\n\nAdapted from Smith 1971, Glasgow 1932, Becker 1938 and Lindquist 1959." 8/16/05 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5775-Habitat 5775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Unknown for adults, larva feeders on wild and ornamental birch." 8/16/05 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5775-LifeCycle 5775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females emerge in mid May to late July and fly to mature birch leaves where they lay 3-5 eggs per leaf (Drouin and Wong 1984, Lindquist 1959). The species is believed to be parthenogenic (Smith 1971). Eggs are usually deposited in a slit cut at the edge of the leaf. Larvae hatch approximately 20 days later and feed inside the leaf, and are generally restricted to the outer 2/3rds of the blade (Becker 1938). Pupation occurs inside the leaf, the insect overwintering in this stage, either on the ground or in the tree (Arru 1988). There is one generation per year in North America. Severe damage can result from multiple larvae feeding inside one leaf, resulting in a burned appearance to the whole tree. Occasionally found feeding inside leaves with either or both Profenusa thomsoni and Fenusa pusilla." 8/16/05 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5775-TrophicStrategy 5775 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Primarily a feeder on members of the Betulaceae, common on a number of species of Betula (Birch). May feed on Alnus (Alder) and Corylus (hazelnut) (Becker 1938)." 8/16/05 10:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5776-ConservationStatus 5776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Unknown, presumably not of concern" 8/16/05 11:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5776-Cyclicity 5776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Unclear, possibly two generations per year, adults have been collected from May to September." 8/16/05 11:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5776-Distribution 5776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Smith (1971) stated likely transcontinental across northern US and southern Canada. 8/16/05 11:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5776-GeneralDescription 5776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: Females only, males unknown. Black sawflies 4.0 mm long, legs yellowish. Teeth of lancet (saw) lobed and rounded at apex, each with a anterior and posterior tooth near the ventral margin. Metallus sp. can be distinguished by the hairy mesonotum and wide pedicel.\n\nLarvae: Poorly described but resembling Metallus rohweri. Metallus rohweri distinguished by cylindrical body, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened with a white head capsule. Head is also diamond shaped from above. Brown crescent shaped marks over each proleg. Thoracic legs are 5 segmented with a tarsal claw. Metallus capitalis lacks plates on the ventral portion of the thorax visible in larvae of M. rohweri. \n\nAdapted from Smith 1971 and Goulet 1992." 8/16/05 11:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5776-Habitat 5776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Unknown for adults, larva reared from Raspberry" 8/16/05 11:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5776-LifeCycle 5776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. A leafminer. Smith (1971) surmised there may be two generations per year. based on the long season with most adults collected in August. While larvae may resemble those of M. rohweri adults can be distinguished by yellow legs. 8/16/05 11:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5776-TrophicStrategy 5776 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae have been reared feeding from the Rosaceae on Rubus (Raspberry). Otherwise unknown. 8/16/05 11:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23016-ConservationStatus 23016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. Apparently restricted to sandy areas in SE Alberta. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23016-Cyclicity 23016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July and August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23016-Distribution 23016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Type material from Aweme, Manitoba (McDunnough). Reported from dunes in Michigan (Scholtens, 1996). There is a specimen from the Pinery area in Ontario in the Canadian National Collection (CNC). Not mentioned for Alberta by Bowman (1951). Specimens collected by D. F. Hardwick on July 10, 1951 at Manyberries, and by E. E. Sterns on July 13, 1956, are in the Canadian National Collection. Collected on August 13, 2008 by Gary Anweiler from sand dunes, 70 km NE of Suffield, Alberta." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23016-GeneralDescription 23016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized crambid with a wingspan of 22-25 mm. Members of the genus Loxocrambus can be recognized by having a roughly 45 degree-angled bulge in the end of the outer margin of the forewing. Back of this there are three black dots and a ST line which is close to and which parallels the terminus. Cubital vein from base to end of cell, white, with slight dark shading below. The related Loxocrambus coloradellus occurs farther south. It is somewhat smaller, wingspan 17-22 mm, and has a PM line which is lacking in awemensis, and an ST line which is farther back from the terminus of the forewing." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23016-Habitat 23016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Sand dune areas. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23016-LifeCycle 23016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23016-TrophicStrategy 23016 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "George Balogh reared a specimen from a pupa in a sand tube near dune grasses at Saugatuck dunes, Michigan (Scholtens, 1996)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20670-ConservationStatus 20670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Information not available. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20670-Distribution 20670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species has Transamerican distribution. In Canada, it is present in North-West Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick (Lindroth, 1954, Majka et al., 2007, CBIF, 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20670-GeneralDescription 20670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are black, dull and narrow, 6.2 - 8 mm in length. Antennae are reddish-brown. Head is somewhat larger than Amara angustata. Prothorax characteristically wide about the middle with front angles more protruding than other species, usually straight sides in basal half, oblique outer basal fovea. Elytra long slightly rounded with pore puncture at the base and lighter reddish to dull black with greenish or bluish luster. Legs are dark reddish - brown. Male hind tibia internally have short hair outgrowth. Male genitalia internally bear a scaly sac like structure. Lateral lobes are hooked which are short and prominent (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20670-Habitat 20670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This species is usually found on open habitats. Meadows are preferred and generally abundant near water sources (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20670-LifeCycle 20670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle No specific information on biology of this species is available. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20670-TrophicStrategy 20670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults feed on seeds of mainly grasses such as P. pratensis (Lundgren, 2009)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21716-ConservationStatus 21716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Probably of no concern, a minor pest in some areas." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21716-Cyclicity 21716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Early July to early August in Alberta, mid June to late August elsewhere." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21716-Distribution 21716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to Quebec, south to Florida and California." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21716-GeneralDescription 21716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is light straw-yellow usually with some slightly darker shading along the outer margin and a pale fringe. There is some sexual dimorphism, with females typically having a slightly narrower forewing. The hindwing is light grey with white along the costa and a white fringe. Overall it is similar to the much more frequently encountered Clepsis clemensiana, however X. pallorana lacks a costal fold in the male.\nThe larva is yellowish green with a dark spot in the eyes. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)\nThe pupa is strikingly bicolored with the dorsal half dark green and blackish while the ventral portion is greenish ivory. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21716-Habitat 21716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open habitiats. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21716-LifeCycle 21716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva hibernates in a mid-instar inside a folded leaf, resuming feeding in the springtime and pupating on the host plant. The larva feeds by tieing leaves and flowers of its host plant together. (Chapman & Lienk 1971; MacKay 1962)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21716-TrophicStrategy 21716 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds primarily on legumes like Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and White Sweet Clover (Melilotus alba), though while wandering can defoliate a variety of other plants including pine seedlings. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20542-Cyclicity 20542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late August in Alberta, June to August elsewhere (Razowski 1979)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20542-Distribution 20542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska to Newfoundland, south in mountainous areas to New Hampshire, Colorado, and Utah. Also found in some mountain ranges in the northern Palearctic (Razowski 2002)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20542-GeneralDescription 20542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing varies from pale white to reddish brown but is most commonly light yellow. A brown line is normally prominent from the middle of the costa to the anal angle and a similarly coloured small mark near the apex. A small basal dark marking and reticulations throughout the forewing are also occasionally present. The hindwing is usually off-white, but can occasionally be grey." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20542-Habitat 20542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The alpine and subalpine. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 20542-TrophicStrategy 20542 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larva feeds upon Subalpine Larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) in Alaska. (Razowski 2002) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23236-ConservationStatus 23236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Widespread but rarely collected in most localities, probably of no concern." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23236-Cyclicity 23236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to late August (Razowski 1977) 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23236-Distribution 23236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in the boreal forest from Alberta to Nova Scotia, south to Minnesota and in the Appalachians to North Carolina." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23236-GeneralDescription 23236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adult is readily identified by the pristine white forewings sharply contrasting with jagged jet black bands in the antemedian, median, and postmedian areas." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23236-Habitat 23236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal forest. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23236-TrophicStrategy 23236 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea). (Razowski 1977) 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6373-Distribution 6373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across southern Canada from the Maritimes to BC, south to the Gulf of Mexico and southern California. In Alberta known only from Lethbridge." 4/1/08 14:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6373-GeneralDescription 6373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.5-5.0 cm wingspan), yellow-brown or rusty-brown with an unusually long abdomen. The forewings are dusted with grey scales usually shading the wings darker in the median and outer areas. Markings are confined to a series of small dark dots marking the postmedian and terminal lines. The reniform and orbicular are faintly indicated. The hindwings are shaded with more grey on the outer half, and the discal mark is usually visibly. The more common A. subflava is lighter in color, especially on the hindwings, and lacks the terminal series of dots on the forewing." 4/1/08 14:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6373-Habitat 6373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "They are found in and near wetlands with large species of aquatic emergents, in particular cattails and bulrushes (Typha and sp.)." 4/1/08 14:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6373-LifeCycle 6373 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. The larvae are reported to start off as leaf miners, but develop into stem borers and spend the later part of their cycle below waterline. They pupate within the stem of the host. The Alberta specimen was collected on August 26, 1940." 4/1/08 14:17 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6374-Distribution 6374 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to BC, south to New Jersey in the east and Utah and California in the west." 4/1/08 14:24 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6374-GeneralDescription 6374 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) with pale yellow brown to deep rust brown forewings with a darker shade along the cubital vein and a prominent row of dark dots marking the postmedian line where it crosses the veins, and a dark shade in the middle of the outer margin. The hind wings are tan to almost white, much paler than the forewings. Similar to Archanara oblonga, but subflava is generally much lighter in color, has much paler hindwings and lacks the row of terminal dots on the forewings. The illustrated specimen on the right is from the Moths of Canada website; the dark specimen is from Grant Co., WA." 4/1/08 14:24 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6374-Habitat 6374 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It occurs locally throughout most of Alberta, in all natural regions. It is found is and near marshes and other wetlands." 4/1/08 14:24 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6374-LifeCycle 6374 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood each year. The larvae are borers in cattails, rushes and bulrushes (Typha, Scirpus). The life history is very similar to that described for A. oblonga." 4/1/08 14:24 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5311-Distribution 5311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Maine and Pennsylvania west to central Alberta. In Alberta it has been collected along the southern edge of the boreal forest west to the Holmes Crossing sandhills near Ft. Assiniboine and the Red Deer River valley at McKenzie Crossing, west of Big Valley." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5311-GeneralDescription 5311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A robust hairy medium-sized (approximately 4.5 cm wingspan) grey moth with black markings. Forewings grey with dull black lines and streaks. The antemedian and postmedian lines are complete, the former erratic and the later arcing basad near the costa. The claviform spot is outlined in black, as are the veins, and there are short black streaks running to the margin between the veins. The hind wings are white with a light dusting of grey. The veins are lined with dark scales, there is a prominent dark discal lunule, and a dark terminal line broken at the veins. Fringe white. Sexes similar but male antennae pectinate, female simple or serrate. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated in Poole (op. cit.)" 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5311-Habitat 5311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Collected in boreal woodland and in dry wooded parts of the aspen Parklands. 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5311-LifeCycle 5311 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, with adults on the wing in early spring (mid-April through early May). The larvae are described in Poole (op.cit.). Larvea have been reared from blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). Birch is a favored host of related B. nebulosa in Europe, and we suspect it is also a host of borealis in North America." 2/10/05 0:00 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6375-Distribution 6375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A prairie species, found from New Jersey and New Hampshire, Ontario, Ohio and Wisconsin west across southern Canada to BC, south to California and Arizona. In Alberta it has been collected throughout the grasslands region, as well as in the boreal forest near Ft. Assiniboine and the mountains at Waterton Lakes National Park." 4/1/08 15:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6375-GeneralDescription 6375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-small moth (2.8-3.0 cm. wingspan) with grey-brown forewings and dirty white hindwings. Forewing marking reduced , but the antemedian and postmedian lines are at least partly traceable in many specimens. The most prominent marking is the dark bar forming the reniform spot, and in some specimens also a dark orbicular dot. The forewings darken toward the outer margin into a broad dark grey brown terminal shade. The hindwings are white, with a grey discal mark and some grey-brown shading along the outer margin. Antennae simple. Sexes similar." 4/1/08 15:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6375-Habitat 6375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta it has been collected throughout the grasslands region, the boreal forest and the mountains." 4/1/08 15:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6375-LifeCycle 6375 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal. 4/1/08 15:41 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6364-ConservationStatus 6364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 3/27/08 11:39 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6364-Cyclicity 6364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to July. 3/27/08 11:39 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6364-Distribution 6364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Fennoscandia and the northeastern part of Russia; also in North America where is has been found from Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador west to the Yukon (Munroe 1976). Type Locality St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Reported from Areas 19 (Banff National Park), 20 (Nordegg) and 21 (Jasper National Park) in Alberta by Bowman (1951) but Nordegg material called L. commixtalis in UASM was actually of L. cereralis. Kenneth Bowman specimens of L. cereralis, collected in Banff, Edmonton, Jasper and Nordegg were misidentified as L. commixtalis. In Alberta, known from the Wagner Natural Area and Richardson River Dunes Provincial Park." 3/27/08 11:39 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6364-GeneralDescription 6364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan 20-26 mm. Forewings extensively dusted with light bluish gray. PM line with weak triangular expansions of the veins. Hind wings above gray. The genitalia are described in Munroe (1976). Closest to L. cereralis but smaller, darker, lacking noticeably expanded veins in the forewings, and in bogs, not in open grassy areas." 3/27/08 11:39 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6364-Habitat 6364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A boreal species associated with bogs. 3/27/08 11:39 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6364-LifeCycle 6364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Mainly a day-flying species. 3/27/08 11:39 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6364-TrophicStrategy 6364 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 3/27/08 11:39 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6365-ConservationStatus 6365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 3/27/08 11:42 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6365-Cyclicity 6365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity 20 May to 12 June. 3/27/08 11:42 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6365-Distribution 6365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The subspecies albertalis ranges from Manitoba west to the southern interior of British Columbia, north to the Northwest Territories and Alaska (Munroe (1976). The Type Locality of the subspecies is Gleichen, Alberta. Reported from Areas 6 (Calgary) and 20 (Nordegg) in Alberta by Bowman (1951) as L. albertalis." 3/27/08 11:42 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6365-GeneralDescription 6365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewing ground color bluish gray, with a whitish PM line and a dark discal spot. The hindwings have a bluish gray ground color and a whitish PM line, but also have a whitish medial area. Wingspan 20-24 mm. The genitalia of anartalis are described by Munroe (1976). Similar to L. ephippialis but the latter is smaller, has a forewing that has a fine black PM line and a large, dark, wedge-shaped median area that is widest at the costa; while the hind wings have a poorly developed PM line and the medial area is not as whitish." 3/27/08 11:42 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6365-Habitat 6365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Poorly known. 3/27/08 11:42 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6365-LifeCycle 6365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 3/27/08 11:42 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6365-TrophicStrategy 6365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 3/27/08 11:42 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6366-ConservationStatus 6366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. Probably of no concern. 3/27/08 13:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6366-Cyclicity 6366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity May. 3/27/08 13:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6366-Distribution 6366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland and Maine west to Alberta, the Northwest Territories and Yukon (Munroe 1976). Type Locality St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Ontario, as Scopula marginalis. In Alberta, reported from Areas 8 (Red Deer), 10 (Edmonton, Wabamun) and 20 (Nordegg) by Bowman (1951) as Pyrausta marginalis." 3/27/08 13:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6366-GeneralDescription 6366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspread 15-17 mm. A small, dark brown, short-winged moth with a white PM line on both dorsal fore and hind wings, and a robust body. Similar to Loxostege ephippialis but the latter lacks the white PM lines and instead has a large, dark, wedge-shaped area in the center of the dorsal fore wings." 3/27/08 13:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6366-Habitat 6366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "The moths frequent boggy and marsh places, where they fly rapidly close to the ground, often in bright sunlight (Munroe 1976)." 3/27/08 13:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6366-LifeCycle 6366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown. The short wings, robust body, dark color and reduced eyes are adaptations to a day-flying habit (Munroe 1976)." 3/27/08 13:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6366-TrophicStrategy 6366 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae should be looked for on species of Rumex and Polygonum growing in wet places Munroe (1976). 3/27/08 13:06 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6367-ConservationStatus 6367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Locally common, of no concern." 3/27/08 13:16 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6367-Cyclicity 6367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to mid July. 3/27/08 13:16 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6367-Distribution 6367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Phlyctaenia coronata coronata is a European subspecies, while P. coronata tertialis is a North American one. The latter occurs from Newfoundland and Quebec to British Columbia, north to the Northwest Territories and south to Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida (Munroe 1976). Reported from Areas 10 (Edmonton) and 20 (Nordegg) in Alberta by Bowman (1951) as P. tertialis Gn. Also known in Alberta from the Chambers Recreational Area, Erskine, George Lake, Lac La Biche, Lacombe, Rochon Sands Provincial Park, the J.J. Collett Natural Area and Winfield." 3/27/08 13:16 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6367-GeneralDescription 6367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan 22-25 mm. Fore and hind wings above grayish brown, infuscated with pale white areas; a PM line of white areas and a subterminal line of white spots. The genitalia of the nominate subspecies are described by Munroe (1976). Somewhat similar to Sitochroa chortalis." 3/27/08 13:16 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6367-Habitat 6367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreal forest, mixedwood and aspen parkland areas." 3/27/08 13:16 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6367-LifeCycle 6367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae of P. coronata coronata occupy webs on the underside of leaves (Goater, 1986). Adults come to light." 3/27/08 13:16 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6367-TrophicStrategy 6367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In Europe, Goater (1986) states that the larvae of the nominate subspecies feed on elder (Sambucus nigra). Sambucus racemosa occurs in Alberta. The North American food plant, or plants, have not yet been discovered." 3/27/08 13:16 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6222-Cyclicity 6222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults are on the wing from mid July through early August. 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6222-Distribution 6222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An eastern species, found from Nova Scotia west to the foothills of Alberta and the Black Hills of South Dakota, south in the east to NC and KY. In AB it is fairly widespread in the Aspen parklands, west to Nordegg and north to Peace River and Touchwood lake near Lac la Biche. Also in the wooded valleys of the grasslands south to Dinosaur P. P. Found in open woods, edges and shrubby areas." 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6222-GeneralDescription 6222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized moth (approx. 3.2-2.6 cm wingspan). Forewings either pale grey or more commonly grey-brown, crossed by a faint, doubled antemedian and postmedian line. The most prominent markings are the black filling between the antemedian line and the orbicular, and between the orbicular and the reniform. Orbicular spot quadrangular, not round. There are usually also several small dark marks on the costa and a larger one just basad of the apex. The terminal area is darker shaded. Hindwings light grey-brown with a dark discal mark and pale fringe. Antennae simple, sexes similar. Most like X. smithii, which has a round orbicular and lacks the prominent black scaling before and after." 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6222-LifeCycle 6222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. In Alberta adults are on the wing from mid July through early August. The larva is described by Lafontaine (1998). Larvae feed mostly on shrubs, including blueberry (Ericaceae), cherry, raspberry and meadowsweet (Spiraea) (Rosaceae, and sweetfern (Myrica) (Myricaceae) (Crumb 1956)." 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6222-TrophicStrategy 6222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed mostly on shrubs, including blueberry (Ericaceae), cherry, raspberry and meadowsweet (Spiraea) (Rosaceae, and sweetfern (Myrica) (Myricaceae)" 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6315-ConservationStatus 6315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Locally common, of no concern." 2/28/08 15:35 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6315-Cyclicity 6315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to early July. 2/28/08 15:35 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6315-Distribution 6315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The nominate subspecies occurs in the Caribbean area. The ssp. novalis occurs from Medicine Hat, Alberta, to Vernon, British Columbia, and south to Texas and Sandiego Co., California (Munroe 1972). Reported from Areas 6 (Calgary), 10 (Edmonton) and 18 (Hillcrest) in Alberta by Bowman (1951) as Noctuelia rufofascialis. Also known in Alberta from Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park and East Arrowwood Coulee." 2/28/08 15:35 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6315-GeneralDescription 6315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan around 18 mm. Forewings rather square with greenish or grayish buff ground color, reddish-brown AM and PM bands, a triangular patch on the middle of the costa and a small apical patch of the same color. The hindwings above are grayish buff with a somewhat lighter median area, and a white fringe. The antennae are filiform and strongly ciliated. The genitalia of the species have been described by Munroe (1972)." 2/28/08 15:35 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6315-Habitat 6315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry prairie slopes. 2/28/08 15:35 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6315-LifeCycle 6315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The life history has been described by Heinrich (1921) and Leech (1949). 2/28/08 15:35 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6315-TrophicStrategy 6315 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva is a seed-feeder of various Malvaceous plants, including Malvastrum spp. (Heinrich 1921, Leech 1949)." 2/28/08 15:35 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31242-ConservationStatus 31242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Abundance of this pest species is variable over time and space (Campbell et al. 1989). 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31242-Cyclicity 31242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Migration occurs in spring, with peak activity in April/May and September (Culik and Weaver 1994)." 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31242-Distribution 31242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This weevil has been reported in the southern regions of all Canadian provinces, generally south of 50° latitude (Bright and Bouchard 2008). It also occurs in most of the United States, including California, New Mexico and North Carolina (Davidson and Lyon 1979, Bright and Bouchard 2008). It is believed to have been introduced from Europe, where it is widespread (Campbell et al. 1989)." 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31242-GeneralDescription 31242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Has no setae. Lower third of rostrum is shallowly bisulcate. Has a distinct, weakly elevated, longutidual carnia that blends into the frontal groove. Eyes are convex. Pronotum is widest in the middle, sides are arcuate, anterior constriction line is not evident. Anterior constriction line on the ventral surface is evident about halfway between the coxae and the anterior of the prosternum. Sides of elytra are arcuate. Discal interstriae are 5 to 6 times wider than the striae. Vestiture of elytra has many flat, recumbent scales that are intermixed sparsely with very narrow scales. Most scales are golden or reddish. (Adapted from Bright 1994, Bright and Bouchard 2008)." 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31242-Habitat 31242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wherever Trifolium repens, T. pretense and other legumes are found (Campbell et al. 1989)." 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31242-LifeCycle 31242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Both adult weevils and eggs are able to overwinter (Davidson and Lyon 1979, Campbell et al. 1989). Eggs deposited in the spring have an incubation period of one week, depending on ambient conditions (Davidson and Lyon 1979, Campbell et al. 1989). Larvae consume the root nodules at early instars and the root tissue, including the tap root at later instars (Davidson and Lyon 1979). New generation adults emerge in June and July and feed on green legume foliage, leaving crescent shaped feeding notches on leaf margins (Davidson and Lyon 1979, Campbell et al. 1989). The life span, on average, is one year (Davidson and Lyon 1979, Campbell et al. 1989)." 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31242-TrophicStrategy 31242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In North America and Europe, larvae and adults of this weevil arre commonly found on a number of legume species, including clover species and alfalfa (Murray and Clements 1994, Murray and Clements 1995). Adults feed on the edges of leaves while larvae feed in and on root nodules and roots, and girdling has been recorded (Davidson and Lyon 1979, Campbell et al. 1989)." 1/15/09 8:44 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24086-ConservationStatus 24086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not at risk, but rare in Alberta." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24086-Cyclicity 24086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "The adults are active from early April to mid-June, probably in May and June in Alberta. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24086-Distribution 24086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Alberta to Nova Scotia, south to South Carolina, Texas, and Washington." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24086-GeneralDescription 24086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is sexually dimorphic with females being about 1.5 times as large as the males and are overall much paler. The forewing has a slight dip along the costa near the apex giving the moth a bell-shape appearance at rest. The forewing has prominent smeared bands in the basal area, median band and short sub-apical costal patch and variably expressed fine dark reticulations through the pale parts of the wing. In females the ground colour of the forewing is pale yellow with medium brown bands while in males the bands are dark brown on a light brown background. In females the hindwing is pale yellow with some grey on the inner half while in males it is dark grey with a paler fringe.\nThe larva is yellowish green with the thoracic shield being variably marked with brown, especially along the edges. The head is yellowish or brown with a dark spot amongst the eyes and a dark dash on the cheek. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24086-Habitat 24086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous forests. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24086-LifeCycle 24086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The eggs are laid in small bunches on the upper-surface of leaves of the host plant. The larva feeds in protective webbing on the underside of leaves and at the end of the season makes a hibernaculum where it hibernates. (Chapman & Lienk 1971) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24086-TrophicStrategy 24086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds on apple (Malus sp.), blackberry (Rubus sp.), oak (Quercus sp.), maple (Acer sp.), beech (Fagus grandifolia), birch (Betula sp.), and elm (Ulmus sp.). (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5103-Cyclicity 5103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults on the wing from mid May through early August. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5103-Distribution 5103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Cucullia intermedia occurs from Newfoundland to the coast of BC, south in the east through New England and in the west to CA and central AZ. It is common throughout most of Alberta south of the boreal forest, rare further north." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5103-GeneralDescription 5103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Cucullia intermedia is a medium-size (wingspan 4.5–5 cm) moth with uniformly medium to dark grey forewings, relatively unmarked except for numerous fine dark grey or black longitudinal lines. The normal spots are barely indicated by a faint partial outline of black scales. The hindwings are entirely grey-brown with the veins thinly lined with darker scales. The dark hindwings separate intermedia from all similar-sized Alberta Cucullia species. It is most likely to be confused with Cucullia speyeri, which is usually paler grey, has a small but prominent black streak in the anal angle of the forewing and mostly white hindwings. There are also significant differences in the genitalia of both sexes of the two species. Adults and genitalia of both sexes of intermedia are illustrated by Poole (1995)." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5103-Habitat 5103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It frequents a range of habits, from the grasslands to open boreal woodland and urban areas." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5103-LifeCycle 5103 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There appears to be a single annual brood, with adults on the wing from mid May through early August, peaking in late May and early June. The larva is described by Poole (1995). Larvae have been reared from Lactuca biennis (Moesch.) Fernald and L. canadensis L. (Asteraceae). A large number were also collected from and reared on White birch (Betula) by the Forest Insect and Disease Survey, a most unusual host switch from the Composite herbs used by most species of Cucullia!" 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6381-Distribution 6381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A widespread moth, found from Newfoundland south through central southern BC south to UT. New England in the east to Vancouver Island in the west and south to central NV, northern AZ and CO. In Alberta it has apparently been collected only along the mountains, from the Crowsnest Pass area north to Nordegg." 4/2/08 14:16 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6381-GeneralDescription 6381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approximately 4.6-5.0 cm. wingspan) long-winged moth dark grey moth. Most similar to C. florea, but omissa has the costa and lower margin of the forewings darker than the rest of the wing (more evenly colored in florea) and a diffuse brown shade running from the orbicular spot to the apex. Cucullia similaris is paler grey with more contrasting spots. There are also differences in the genitalia. Poole (1995) illustrates the adults and the genitalia of both sexes." 4/2/08 14:16 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6381-Habitat 6381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "We know little of its specific habitat, but it likely occurs in meadows and other open habitats, including openings in wooded areas." 4/2/08 14:16 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6381-LifeCycle 6381 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, with adults in early summer (late June - mid July). Like other Cucullia species, the adults are nocturnal and they come to light. The early stages have not been described. There is a single host plant record from Nova Scotia, where a specimen was reared from a larva on Aster umbellatus (Mill.) (Asteraceae) (Poole, 1995)" 4/2/08 14:16 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6058-Distribution 6058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Cucullia similaris is a western species, occurring west of the Great Plains from southwestern Alberta west to central southern BC, south to Nevada, Utah and Colorado. In Alberta it is known only from a single historic collection from ""Didsbury""." 6/21/07 13:47 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6058-GeneralDescription 6058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (4.5-5.0 cm wingspan) grey moth with pointed elongate forewings. The forewings are light grey in the median area shading to darker grey along the costa, with a narrow black border along the lower margin, terminating in a small crescent followed by a black streak. The orbicular and reniform spots are essentially obsolete, reduced to a characteristic freckled streak of white and black scales. The hindwings are dirty white shading to dark grey-brown on the outer half, with the veins finely lined with dark grey scales. The absence of brown on the forewings will separate similaris from montanae, omissa and postera, and the dark streak, crescent and terminal streak along the lower margin will separate similaris from speyeri and intermedia. Cucullia similaris most resembles and is most likely to be confused with C. florea. The forewings of florea are uniform darker grey; those of similaris are paler grey in the median area and darker along the costa and lower margin. The orbicular and reniform spots are barely indicated in florea, while similaris has a characteristic and relatively prominent light and dark freckled strip through the reniform and orbicular area. Adults and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated by Poole (1995)." 6/21/07 13:47 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6058-LifeCycle 6058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is apparently a single brood and adults come to light. The larva is described in detail and illustrated in color by Petit and Petit. The larvae were found and reared on grey rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseossus) (Petit and Pettit 2003). 6/21/07 13:47 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6059-ConservationStatus 6059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local and uncommon. 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6059-Cyclicity 6059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6059-Distribution 6059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "TL: AB. Calgary. A western species, occurring in the mountains and foothills from YT south to AZ and NM, west to the Coast Ranges of BC, but replaced along the coast by the closely related D. esurialis. Also a disjunct population in central western CA. The eastern limits of occurrence are unclear. It is known to occur east to the SK-AB boundary, and has been reported to occur across central SK almost to the MB border. Its presence that far east needs confirming. Old records for Vancouver Island probably refer to esurailis." 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6059-GeneralDescription 6059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0 cm. ws.) grey-brown moth easily mistaken for other members of the genus, in particular esurialis in western BC, and dislocata.\nIt is also easy to mistake for a species of Xestia, such as X. normaniana. Worn material, where the dark patch between the orbicular and reniform remains the most prominent marking, can be particularly difficult to identify, and identification may be best made by examining the genitalia. Unlike other Noctuini (except Ochropleura), Diarsia retains a partial corona on the valve. In calgary, the vesica lacks the spine patch found in all other Diarsia but esurialis, and instead has two larger spines, on a plate-like base The valve in calgary is not inflated nor is there a noticeable neck before the cucullus. Female genitalia are indistinguishable or nearly so from both jucunda and dislocata." 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6059-Habitat 6059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous woodlands 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6059-TrophicStrategy 6059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Willow (Salix sp.). (in Wolley-Dod). 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6060-Distribution 6060 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Pennsylvania south to northern Florida and northern Mexico, west to Arizona and eastern Oregon, north to extreme southwestern Alberta. A single fresh specimen (illustrated above) collected in Waterton National Park in 2006 is the only Canadian record." 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6060-GeneralDescription 6060 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3-3.2 cm yellow-brown moth. The thin antemedian and postmedian lines are dark brown, doubled and more prominent toward the costa. The apical half of the forewing beyond the postmedian line is contrasting dark blackish brown. The hindwings vary from light brown to almost white, shading darker toward the margin. The antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. The forewing pattern is unique among Alberta noctuid moths. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated in Lafontaine (2004)." 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6060-Habitat 6060 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta found in dry open woodland and montane grassland. In eastern North America it is associated with relict prairie grasslands. 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6060-LifeCycle 6060 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Dichagyris grotei is single brooded and the adults come to light. The only reported larval host plant is apparently false boneset (Kuhnia eupatorioides L., Asteraceae). Lafontaine (op. cit.) provides a description of the larvae. The Alberta specimen was collected in mid August." 6/21/07 13:48 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6382-Distribution 6382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widely distributed in western North America, east to extreme southeastern Alberta." 4/2/08 15:41 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6382-GeneralDescription 6382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A relatively small (2.3-2.5 cm wingspan) broad-winged moth with forewings varying in color from cream-white through pink and orange, crossed by 3 narrow darker pink lines. The hindwings are paler with yellow or pink shading crossed by two incomplete darker pink lines. All four wings have a small black discal dot, and the hindwings in particular are lightly dusted with dark scales. Fringe dark purple. Male antennae bipectinate, female simple. Larvae are green, with many discontinuous fine yellow lines and a series of 10 middorsal red spots (see Miller and Hammond 2003 for color images)." 4/2/08 15:41 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6382-Habitat 6382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Frequents both dry and wet woodlands with Ceanothus shrub. 4/2/08 15:41 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6382-LifeCycle 6382 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larvae feed on Ceanothus sp. The single Alberta specimen was captured on July 14, 1993." 4/2/08 15:41 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6383-Distribution 6383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western moth, ranging from extreme southeastern AB west into the dry southern interior of BC, south to Arizona, New Mexico and southern California. In Alberta it has been collected in the Crowsnest Pass area at Burmis." 4/2/08 15:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6383-GeneralDescription 6383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3 cm wingspan) variably mottled light and dark grey, black and red-brown moth. Body hairy, mottled black and white with a mostly white frons. Forewings usually medium grey. The large orbicular and reniform spots are frequently fused, and may be partly filled with brown scales. The area below the orbicular and outlining the reniform dark red-brown and black, extending outward along veins part way. Subterminal line visible as a line of white or light grey scales, expanding to a white or light red-brown streak above the anal angle. Fringe grey, lightly checkered at the veins with lighter scales. Hind wings dull white, liberally sprinkled with sooty brown scales. Veins lined with black scales, as well as a dark discal mark and a thin dark terminal line. Male antennae broadly bipectinate. Forewing markings are highly variable in color and shade, as implied by the name. The bipectinate antennae and brown-dusted hindwings will help separate it from similar species, as will the genitalia." 4/2/08 15:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6383-LifeCycle 6383 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There is a single annual brood, which emerges in spring. The Alberta specimens we have seen were reared from larvae collected on Limber pine (Pinus flexilis)." 4/2/08 15:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6287-ConservationStatus 6287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Likely not a concern due to widespread distribution. 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6287-Cyclicity 6287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults begin flying in mid-March in the southern reaches of its habitat and remain active until the end of May in the north. There is likely only one generation per year as demonstrated by S. inornata, a closely related group, which are univoltine (Hodges 1974)." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6287-Distribution 6287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Semioscopis merriccella is encountered throughout the northern Unites States and southern Canada from east to west coast (Hodges 1974). 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6287-GeneralDescription 6287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Semioscopis merriccella looks similar S. packardella with the overall colouration of the costal margin and most of the forewing being brown (Hodges 1974). The presence of a black band in the basal anterior region of the forewing distinguishes S. packardella from S. merriccella (Hodges 1974). If the band is present in S. merriccella it will be relatively narrow and the costal margin will be concave (Hodges 1974). Forewing length of S. merriccella is usually longer (11 to 15 mm in length) than S. packardella (Hodges 1974). Genitalic features can also be used to distinguish the two species from each other (Hodges 1974). Male S. merriccella have two cornuti on a narrow and curved aedeagus (Hodges 1974). In comparison, the aedeagus of S. packardella males are straight, taper to a point and have eight cornuti (Hodges 1974). Females are distinguished based on the number of inward directed projections on the signum (Hodges 1974). Female S. merriccella have several of these projections while S. packardella females have two (Hodges 1974)." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6287-Habitat 6287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Not described but other members of the family are found in deciduous and mixed woods forests (Hodges 1974). Adults have been collected in the northern prairie region (around Edmonton) of Alberta. 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6287-LifeCycle 6287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Morphology and behaviour of various lifestages not well known. Other members of this genus are leafrollers which feed in June and July and pupate overwinter in the ground (Hodges 1974). 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6287-TrophicStrategy 6287 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larval diet not confirmed other related species in the genus feed on plants from Rosaceae (Hodges 1974). 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6289-ConservationStatus 6289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status May not be a concern due to wide distribution. 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6289-Cyclicity 6289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Other members of the genus are generally univoltine and adults are early fliers (Hodges 1974). Specimens have been collected in early April in the southern portion of its range (Hodges 1974). In Alberta, adults are active in late-April and May." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6289-Distribution 6289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, adults have been observed in central Alberta and southern Quebec and Manitoba (Hodges 1974). In the United States, this species has been encountered in California, Idaho and Oregon and in the states between New Jersey and Ohio (Hodges 1974)." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6289-GeneralDescription 6289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Similar to S. merriccella, overall forewing colouration (the costal margin and most of the forewing) is brown (Hodges 1974). Both species have a distinct black band in the discal cell region of the forewing and the costal margin of the band is concave (Hodges 1974). In S. packardella, the band appears sinuous and occurs through the entire discal cell length (Hodges 1974). This is distinguished from S. merriccella because the line is often absent in the basal discal cell region (Hodges 1974). With a wing span of approximately 10.0 to 13.5 mm, S. packardella is typically smaller (Hodges 1974). Genitalic characters can also be used to distinguish the two species from each other (Hodges 1974). Semioscopis packardella males have eight cornuti whereas S. merriccella have two (Hodges 1974). In addition, the aedeagus of S. packardella is straight and narrows to a point but in S. merriccella the aedeagus is narrow and curved (Hodges 1974). Females are distinguished based on the number of inward directed projections on the signum (Hodges 1974). Female S. packardella have two projections while S. merriccella have several projections (Hodges 1974)." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6289-Habitat 6289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Not reported but other closely related species are typically found in deciduous and mixed wood forests (Hodges 1974). Adults have been collected in the southern boreal region of Alberta. 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6289-LifeCycle 6289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown but larvae from the S. inornata nearctic group are leafrollers which feed in June and July. The pupae of S. steinkellneriana, a related European species, overwinter in a chamber in the ground (Hodges 1974)." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6289-TrophicStrategy 6289 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Not confirmed but steinkellneriana larvae feed on plants within the rose family (Hodges 1974). 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6317-ConservationStatus 6317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare 3/10/08 14:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6317-Cyclicity 6317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to mid July. 3/10/08 14:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6317-Distribution 6317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Norway, Sweden and Finland in Europe; Labrador west to the Northwest Territories and the Rockies, south to Wyoming and Colorado (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is Dovrefjeld at Drivstoen, Norway. Reported from Area 20 (Nordegg) in Alberta by Bowman (1951) as Titanio ephippialis Zett." 3/10/08 14:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6317-GeneralDescription 6317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan 16-18 mm. Ground color of wings above bluish gray. Forewings above with a fine, black PM line, a large, dark, wedge-shaped median area that is widest at the costa, and an obscure, dark, discal spot. The hindwings above are bluish gray with a faint PM line and a somewhat whitish median area. The genitalia are described by Munroe (1976). Closest to Loxostege anartalis but the latter is larger, has whitish PM lines and lacks the wedge-shaped area in the forewings. Also similar to Ostrinia marginalis but the latter has white PM lines on both fore and hind wings." 3/10/08 14:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6317-Habitat 6317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat A low arctic-alpine species (Munroe 1976). 3/10/08 14:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6317-LifeCycle 6317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown 3/10/08 14:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6317-TrophicStrategy 6317 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown 3/10/08 14:47 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6156-Distribution 6156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution A grasslands species with a rather restricted range. It is known only from northern Minnesota north and west across southern MB to western Alberta and the Peace River area of BC. 2/13/08 12:06 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6156-GeneralDescription 6156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (2.7–3.6 cm, females smaller than males) creamy white moth with a heavy dusting of brownish grey scales, heavier on the forewings. A faint but thick straight grey line runs across the outer third of the wing from the apex to lower margin. Discal dot faint to obsolete. Hindwing less heavily dusted with grey and with a prominent grey discal spot, in some specimens connected to the wing base by a straight grey line, and with a straight grey line crossing from the apex to the inner margin. The pattern is repeated but much stronger and darker on the ventral surface. Male antennae strongly bipectinate; female finely dentate. The adults of both subspecies and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated by McGuffin. Aspitates taylori is similar but darker and more strongly marked, and is restricted to open boggy areas in the boreal forest region. There are also excellent characters in the genitalia of both sexes for separating the two species, including the illustrated single pronged aedeagus in males (double pronged in taylori)." 2/13/08 12:06 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6156-Habitat 6156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Widespread in Alberta in the Grasslands region, in open habitat in the Aspen parklands, and in low elevation grassland in the southern mountains; disjunct in the Peace River grasslands. Aberrata is replaced in the Boreal forest region by the closely related Aberrata taylori (Butler). Aberrata is found in relatively xeric ungrazed or lightly grazed grassland." 2/13/08 12:06 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6156-LifeCycle 6156 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, with adults from mid May through mid July, peaking in mid June and with the occasional specimen to mid August. Adults are nocturnal and most specimens have been collected at light, although they are easily flushed and consequently frequently collected by net during the day. The larvae are undescribed and the larval host or hosts are unknown. Larval hosts for European species of Aspitates include herbs in the genera Lotus, Thymus, and Potentilla." 2/13/08 12:06 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6158-Distribution 6158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Labrador and Newfoundland, south to New Jersey; west across the Boreal forest to eastern British Columbia, south in the mountains to southern Montana. In addition to the localities plotted on the map, Bowman (1951) states it has also been collected in “Zone 15” (Peace River region)." 2/13/08 14:30 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6158-GeneralDescription 6158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.2-3.8 cm wingspan) purple-grey moth with reddish wine-red shading and tints on the forewings. Costa lighter grey, especially along the basal half. The orbicular and reniform are joined on their lower edge by a dark rusty or black line, which frequently also fills the space between the two spots. However, the extent and intensity of the dark shading around the orbicular is highly variable, and in many specimens is almost obsolete. Hindwings fuscous, shading darker on the outer half except for the paler fringe, and with a dark discal mark. Sexes similar except male antennae bipectinate, female simple. Very similar in appearance to some species of Xestia, but genitalia of both sexes very different. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated by Lafontaine (1998). The mature larva is about 3.5 cm long, pale grey to blackish with a dark brown reticulate pattern and submedian arcs. It is described in detail and illustrated in color by Lafontaine (1998: Pl.8 (21)." 2/13/08 14:30 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6158-Habitat 6158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta widespread but local in the boreal forest and foothills regions; rare in the northern Aspen parklands. 2/13/08 14:30 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6158-LifeCycle 6158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come readily to light. There is a single annual brood, with adults usually in the latter half of July and early August, occasional specimens earlier and later. No Alberta larval hostplant data; elsewhere Leatherleaf (Cassandra calyculata), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) and Sweet gale (Myrica gale). Leatherleaf is reported to be the preferred host (Hensel, in Lafontaine, 1998)." 2/13/08 14:30 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6159-Distribution 6159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaskan panhandle and BC south to OR and AZ, west to CO and western AB. In Alberta known from several sites in the mountains and foothills, from Calgary north to Nordegg." 2/13/08 14:31 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6159-GeneralDescription 6159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (4.5-5.0 cm wingspan) uniform lead-grey moth with elongated pointed forewings and a narrow black basal streak. The forewings have a number of fine black partial lines and streaks, in particular in the terminal and subterminal area, and fine black lining along parts of the veins. There is also a small rectangular pale spot in the lower median area. Fringe with small whitish triangular spots between the veins. The hindwings are uniform brownish grey with a pale fringe. The very similar Cucullia albida Sm. is paler grey and lacks the dark subterminal and terminal streaks. There are also differences in the female genitalia (See Poole 1995)." 2/13/08 14:31 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6159-Habitat 6159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Frequents dry meadows and other open areas. 2/13/08 14:31 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6159-LifeCycle 6159 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. The single brood flies in spring. The early stages and the larval host plants are unknown. 2/13/08 14:31 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6160-Distribution 6160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Throughout the USA and north into southern Canada. 2/13/08 14:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6160-GeneralDescription 6160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3-4 cm wingspan) white moth. The costa of the forewing is broadly buff-yellow almost to the apex. The the head and front of the thorax are the same color. The body is mostly yellow-orange, with black spots on the dorsal and lateral surfaces. Male antennae narrowly bipectinate, female simple. Sexes similar. No other Alberta moths are white with a yellow costa. The Larvae are covered in soft dense grey or whitish hair." 2/13/08 14:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6160-Habitat 6160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta found in dry open and sandy habitats in the Grasslands region along the lower Red Deer and South Saskatchewan River valleys. 2/13/08 14:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6160-LifeCycle 6160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, but can also be found during the day on the host plants. Larval hosts include both dogbane (Apocynum) and less commonly milkweeds (Asclepias). Larvae feed at night, in small groups of 5-7 larvae in the early instars (Cohen and Brower, 1983). The pupa is covered in a cocoon of the same hair. Adults have been collected in mid June in Alberta." 2/13/08 14:31 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6223-Cyclicity 6223 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, with adults from late June through early August" 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6223-Distribution 6223 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "NFLD west to AK, YT and central BC; south to NC in the east and OR and CO in the west. The nominate subspecies is boreal, and is replaced in the mountains from southern AB south and west by the larger darker subspecies partita (McD.) In Alberta the nominate subspecies occurs throughout the boreal forest region, and is replaced by ssp. partita in the mountains. Found in coniferous woodland" 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6223-GeneralDescription 6223 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.8 - 4.5 cm. wingspan) grey, black and white moth. Forewings light to dark gray, usually with white scaling in the clavicorn spot and with filled-filled white orbicular and boomerang-shaped reniform spots. The subterminal line is a wave-shaped chain of small white spots. Hind wings paler grey, with a dark discal spot, wavy median line, darker shading toward the margin and a broken dark marginal line. Very similar to X. speciosa, but in perquiritata the orbicular spot is small and round and the reniform spot is a diagnostic boomerang–shaped lunule; both are white filled with less of the dark inner shading found in speciosa. Sexes similar and antennae simple. Male genitalia of speciosa have valves with a broadly rounded tip, while the valve of perquiritata ends in a narrow tapered point, with two large ""teeth"" along the lower margin." 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6223-Habitat 6223 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in coniferous woodland 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6223-LifeCycle 6223 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood in Alberta, with adults from late June through early August. The larvae is described and illustrated in color by Duncan (2006). Larvae feed on a variety of conifers, in particular spruce, firs and tamarack (Prentice 1962; Duncan 2006)." 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6223-TrophicStrategy 6223 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on a variety of conifers, in particular spruce, firs and tamarack" 2/13/08 15:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6150-ConservationStatus 6150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species occurs in low density across its range (Dosdall et al. 2007). 1/11/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6150-Cyclicity 6150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The overwintering adults emerge in late April to mid May; oviposition occurs from late May into early June; and newly emerged adults appear in July (Dosdall et al. 2007). 1/11/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6150-Distribution 6150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This weevil has a western Nearctic distribution stretching from the Yukon and the North West Territories to California and New Mexico (Anderson 1997; Dosdall et al. 2007). 1/11/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6150-GeneralDescription 6150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are oblong with a tapering thorax and head. The body color is brownish-black with fine brown scales above and wider gray scales below. The funicle (antennal segments between the scape and the clubbed) is seven segmented with segments one and two being longer than segments three and four united. The beak is slender cylindrical and half the body length. The tarsal claws as well as the hind femora are toothed. Length 3.2 mm. These above details are adapted from LeConte (1876).\nFinal instar larva can be separated from the sympatric C. obstrictus and C. neglectus based on several characters. The head capsule of C. subpubescens is as long as it s wide and has a mean width of 0.64 mm. There are three setae on the dorsal and ventral aspects of the epicranium. Finally, the stipes has five setae while the mala has three ventral and 6 dorsal setae. The above description is adapted from Dosdall et al. (2007)." 1/11/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6150-Habitat 6150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species is found in association with Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb but is far less common than its host plant. 1/11/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6150-LifeCycle 6150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "According to Dosdall et al. (2007), adults overwinter in shelterbelts before emerging in the spring. Eggs are laid in the stems of D. sophia. All three larval instars feed within the stem on the pith tissue. The mature larvae bore exit holes below stem or leaf axils. The development time between egg and third instar larva is 35 to 45 days. Pupation occurs just below the soil surface in tiny earthen cocoons. Pupal development times ranged from 16.5 to 22 days. Adults are then oligophagous on various plants of the mustard family." 1/11/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6150-TrophicStrategy 6150 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Oviposition and larval feeding are only known on the introduced weed Descurainia sophia. Reproduction is also speculated on native Descurainia. Adults are oligophagous on brassicaceous plants and prefer to feed on Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L., and Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. (Adapted from Dosdall et al. 2007)." 1/11/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6152-ConservationStatus 6152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status There is no evidence this species is in need of conservation. 1/11/08 11:26 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6152-Cyclicity 6152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Probably one generation per year. The species has been collected in North America from May to August. 1/11/08 11:26 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6152-Distribution 6152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The species has a Palaearctic distribution (Colonnelli 2004) but is also present across much of North America (Blatchley & Leng 1916). 1/11/08 11:26 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6152-GeneralDescription 6152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Acording to the description given by Blatchley & Leng (1916), adults are oblong-oval, steel blue, and have few scales above. There is a faint scutellar spot (grouping of scales at the base of the thorax and elytra) present. The scales are much denser below. The funicle (antennal segments between the scape and the clubbed) is seven segmented. The beak is curved, slender and slightly longer than the thorax. The hind fermora as well as the tarsal claws are both toothed. Length 2.7 – 3.2 mm (Blatchley & Leng 1916)." 1/11/08 11:26 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6152-Habitat 6152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat This species may be present where brassicaceous herbs can be found. 1/11/08 11:26 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6152-LifeCycle 6152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva most likely inhabit the stems, seeds or seed stems of brassicaceous herbs, like other members of their tribe (Blatchley & Leng 1916). The adults feed on several members of the Brassicaceae (Colonnelli 2004)." 1/11/08 11:26 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6152-TrophicStrategy 6152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy This species has been found on several members of the Brassicaceae as well as Reseda luteola L. (Colonnelli 2004). 1/11/08 11:26 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6376-ConservationStatus 6376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Photedes defecta is listed as a rare species of conservation concern in some of the Midwestern states like Illinois, where it occurs in wet remnant prairie." 4/1/08 15:44 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6376-Distribution 6376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Maryland and Massachusetts north to New Brunswick, west to North Dakota and BC. In Alberta it has been collected mainly in the aspen parklands and boreal forest, although Bowman also reported it from the Calgary and Medicine Hat regions." 4/1/08 15:44 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6376-GeneralDescription 6376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2.5 cm wingspan) rather delicately built moth. Forewing color may vary from a rich deep yellow-brown to light tan, with the veins outlined in lighter tan scales, giving it a very streaky appearance. The most prominent marking is the darker brown shade forming a streak above and adjacent to the cubital vein and continuing on to the margin. There is a small dark dot with a partial white margin at the end of the cell. The antemedian line is indicated by a few small dark dots at the veins. The dots marking the postmedian line are doubled and more numerous, and there is a dark terminal line made up of dark dots or short dashes. The hindwings are similar but paler, with a narrow poorly defined grey median band and discal mark. The overall color varies somewhat, with some specimens being dark brown or almost melanic. Antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. Similar to but smaller and more slender-bodied than Leucania and Mythimna species." 4/1/08 15:44 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6376-Habitat 6376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It is associated with wetlands including fens, wet meadows, sedge meadows and wetland edges." 4/1/08 15:44 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6376-LifeCycle 6376 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light Adults have been collected from late July through late September, and the data suggest a main flight in early-mid August with a smaller and possibly second brood in mid-late September. The larvae are most likely borers in the stems of one or more wetland plants." 4/1/08 15:44 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5998-ConservationStatus 5998 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Never common, but probably of no concern." 4/12/07 11:11 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5998-Cyclicity 5998 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to mid July. 4/12/07 11:11 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5998-Distribution 5998 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic, the North American species being Anania funebris glomeralis (Wlk.). Across Canada, north to Fort Smith and Fort Simpson in the Northwest Territories, south to North Carolina and Coloradi (Munroe 1976). Listed in Alberta from Areas 6-8, 10, 18 and 20 by Bowman (1951) as Pyrausta funebris." 4/12/07 11:11 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5998-GeneralDescription 5998 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "An easily recognized, diurnal, black and white micromoth. It has a wingspan of 20-21 mm, two large, white spots on each wing and an abdomen with white stripes. It also has a small white patch above the large, white patches on the forewings. Quite similar to the macromoth Alypia langtoni, The Eight-spotted Forester, which, however, is larger (wingspan 30 mm), has larger yellow patches (tegulae) on the thorax beside the wings, lacks the small patch on the forewings and the white stripes on the abdomen, and whose larvae feed on Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium)." 4/12/07 11:11 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5998-Habitat 5998 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Clearings in wooded areas, especially those with Populus tremuloides." 4/12/07 11:11 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5998-LifeCycle 5998 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larva light yellow-green, with yellowish head; living on the underside of the basal leaves of Solidago (Forbes 1923). Adults are diurnal." 4/12/07 11:11 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5998-TrophicStrategy 5998 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Goldenrod (Solidago) (Forbes 1923). 4/12/07 11:11 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6298-ConservationStatus 6298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. Phyllotreta striolata is a serious pest in much of its range. 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6298-Cyclicity 6298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are active from April to October on the Canadian Prairies. 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6298-Distribution 6298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Native to Eurasia, it can be found from Northern Reaches of Western Europe in the West and Russia to Indonesia in the East and is common in brassicaceous oilseed production areas. Occurs across North America from Alaska to California in the west and from Quebec to Florida in the east (Bousquet 1991, Anonymous 1994). In the Canadian Prairie Provinces it is more abundant and of greater economic importance in northern reaches of the brassicaceous oilseed production region, particularly the Peace Lowland Ecoregion of Alberta." 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6298-GeneralDescription 6298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are 2-2.5mm, dorsally flat, elongate oval, black and have enlarged hind femurs. Each elytron has a distinctive pale yellow stripe that is wavy along its outside margin and curves towards the middle near the ends of the elytra. The 5th antennal segments of males are enlarged (Balsbaugh and Hays 1972). Unlike P. robusta, the yellow stripes do not reach the posterior elytral margins (Burgess 1977)." 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6298-Habitat 6298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Agricultural areas subject to disturbance such as crops, roadside ditches and weed fields." 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6298-LifeCycle 6298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "One generation per year. Two generations per year possible in portions of range. Adults overwinter in soil, turf or leaf near shelterbelts, hedges and fencerows. These emerge in spring to feed on foliage. In spring, 1-4 eggs are deposited near the bases of host plants. Eggs are about 0.4mm long by 0.2 mm wide, oval and light yellow. Mature larvae are approximately 3mm, white to very light brown with a copper-brown head and anal plate and are slender with small legs. Larvae feed on roots and root hairs and pupate in soil. These emerge as adults late summer (Burgess 1977)." 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6298-TrophicStrategy 6298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Although adults are considered oligophagous on Brassicaceae, they have been documented feeding on plants in other families. Tolerant of Brassicaceae containing cardiac glycosides." 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6272-ConservationStatus 6272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common, of no concern." 2/15/08 11:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6272-Cyclicity 6272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to early July. 2/15/08 11:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6272-Distribution 6272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to British Columbia, south to Arizona and California (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is California. Reported in Alberta by Bowman (1951) from Areas 7 (Lloydminster), 10 (Edmonton), 18 (Waterton), 20 (Nordegg) and 21 (Jasper National Park). Also known from Big Knife Provincial Park, the Buffalo Lake Conservation Area, Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, the Lowden Springs Conservation Area, Pine Lake, Tolman Bridge, and Winfield." 2/15/08 11:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6272-GeneralDescription 6272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewings above olive-gray, hind wings above somewhat lighter in color. A faint, pale PM line is present, especially in the forewings. Wingspan 16-24 mm. The genitalia are described by Munroe (1976). Unlike any other Alberta species of Pyrausta." 2/15/08 11:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6272-Habitat 6272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Undisturbed grassland areas with Pussytoes. 2/15/08 11:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6272-LifeCycle 6272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Adults come to light. 2/15/08 11:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6272-TrophicStrategy 6272 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae feed on species of Pussytoes (Antennaria) (Munroe 1976). 2/15/08 11:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6153-ConservationStatus 6153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status There is no evidence this is a species of concern. 1/11/08 11:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6153-Cyclicity 6153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Probably one generation per year. Records from Alberta show the species present from April to August. Records from Arizona also show this species present in March. 1/11/08 11:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6153-Distribution 6153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A North American species with a south eastern distribution (Colonnelli 2004). There are also records of this species from California (Dietz, 1896), Arizona, and Alberta." 1/11/08 11:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6153-GeneralDescription 6153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "According to Dietz (1896), adults of this species are oblong-oval, black, and covered in white scales. The scales are grouped into a scutellar spot (grouping of scales at the base of the thorax and elytra) and a fairly distinct sutural line on the dorsal surface. The antennae have seven funicle (antennal segments between the scape and the clubbed) segments. The first and second of these segments being longer than the third and fourth segments combined. The antennal club is elongate and pointed. The beak is long, slender and curved with some scaling near the base. The tarsi are slender with the second and third segments together being longer than the fourth. The fourth tarsal segment projects less than the length of the third segment. The tarsal claws are also toothed. Length 2.5 - 2.8 mm." 1/11/08 11:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6153-Habitat 6153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat There is no specific habitat information available. 1/11/08 11:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6153-LifeCycle 6153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Within the Ceutorhynchini, the larvae generally inhabit the seeds, seed stalks, or stems of herbaceous plants (Blatchley & Leng 1916). The adults most likely feed on brassicaceous herbs such Wormseed Mustard (Erysimum cheiranthoides L.) on which it has been collected in Alberta." 1/11/08 11:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6153-TrophicStrategy 6153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy There is no available information on this species' diet (Colonnelli 2004). 1/11/08 11:55 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6299-ConservationStatus 6299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. Psylliodes punctulata is a pest in much of its range. 2/27/08 9:57 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6299-Cyclicity 6299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are active from March to August on the Canadian Prairies (Burgess 1977). 2/27/08 9:57 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6299-Distribution 6299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Native to and occurs across North America from British Columbia to California in the west and from Newfoundland to Florida in the east (Bousquet 1991). 2/27/08 9:57 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6299-GeneralDescription 6299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are 2.5-3.3mm, dorsally flat, elongate oval, black with a bronze lustre and have enlarged hind femurs. Antennae and legs are red-brown. Hind femur colour varies from black to bronze. Head, pronotum and elytra are punctuate (head sparsely; pronotum more coarsely; elytra punctate-striate, with striae feebly impressed). Males have greatly enlarged first anterior tarsal segments and their 5th ventral abdominal segment is grooved. (Balsbaugh and Hays 1972)." 2/27/08 9:57 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6299-Habitat 6299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Grassy headlands and agricultural areas subject to disturbance such as crops, roadside ditches and weed fields." 2/27/08 9:57 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6299-LifeCycle 6299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "One generation per year. Two generations per year possible in warmer portions of range. Adults overwinter in soil, turf or leaf litter near shelterbelts, hedges and fencerows. These emerge in spring to feed on foliage. In spring, 1-4 eggs are deposited near the bases of host plants. Eggs are about 0.4mm long by 0.2 mm wide, oval and light yellow. Mature larvae are approximately 3mm, white to very light brown with a copper-brown head and anal plate and are slender with small legs. Larvae feed on roots and root hairs and pupate in soil. These emerge as adults mid to late summer (Burgess 1977)." 2/27/08 9:57 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6299-TrophicStrategy 6299 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults are considered polyphagous and have been documented feeding on plants in the Brassicaceae (Burgess 1977), Convolvulaceae (Mohyuddin 1969), Chenopodiaceae (Whitney and Duffus 1986) and Cannabinaceae (Chittenden 1909)." 2/27/08 9:57 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6300-ConservationStatus 6300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6300-Cyclicity 6300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Appears to be one to two generation a year in Alberta with emergence from overwintered puparia spread from mid May to mid July. 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6300-Distribution 6300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. Delia radicum can be found through out Canada, where cultivation of cruciferous crops is undertaken." 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6300-GeneralDescription 6300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Delia radicum may be distinguished from other Delia species occurring in the field by the following combinations of characters: Adults look similar to house flies but are smaller (5mm), dark ash grey color with a dark stripe along the top of the abdomen, and covered with black hairs and bristles (setae).The reddish purple eyes on males nearly touch in the centre of the head while female eyes are separated. In males, the presence of the basal brush of long setae (anteroventral setae) on the hind femur and by relatively shorter lateral setae of the 5th sternite processes. In females, in the hind femur, the row of anteroventral setae is normally uneven and posteroventral setae are lacking." 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6300-Habitat 6300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It is a major pest of Cruciferae crops and it is confined to gardens and cultivated lands. 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6300-LifeCycle 6300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are found from late spring to late October flying close to the ground in search of suitable host plants. Flies emerge in the spring from overwintering puparia and feed on the nectar of wild flowers. They mate and females begin egg laying about a week after emerging. During their 5-6 week life span, females lay eggs singly or in masses at or near the stems of host plants on cool, moist soil. Depending on temperature, maggots hatch in 3-10days and commence feeding on small roots and root hairs and then tunnel in to the main roots. They mature in about 3-4weeks, then leave the roots and pupate in puparia about 5-20cm deep in the soil. Adult flies emerge in 2-3 weeks, mate, lay eggs, and repeat the cycle" 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6300-TrophicStrategy 6300 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae are notorious root maggots infesting all forms of cultivated cruciferous crops. The larvae can also be found on certain cruciferous weeds among which stink weed (Thlaspi arvense L.) is particularly important in Alberta as cited by Griffiths( 1986). 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6280-ConservationStatus 6280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "According to Teskey (1990), C. excitans is the single most common deerfly in Canada. At Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, C. excitans comprised half of all deerflies collected (Ossowski and Hunter, 2000)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6280-Cyclicity 6280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity From early June through the end of August. 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6280-Distribution 6280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Chrysops excitans is widespread across across all of Canada and Alaska, and the range extends south California in the west and New Jersey in the east (Stone et al., 1965)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6280-GeneralDescription 6280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adults are large, 9-12 mm in length. Teskey (1990) describes the females as having a nearly square clypeus with a median pruinose (powdery) band extending half its length; extensive glossy areas on the head; brown palpi; and slender antennae with yellow at the base and darker apically. The thorax is black with yellow hairs, and faint stripes on the scutum; the legs are black, sometimes with reddish tints; and the apex of the wings is entirely clear. The first two segments of the abdomen are orangish, while the remaining are a lighter yellow color on the margins with progressively larger black median spots on the posterior tergites; the median spot on tergite 2 forms a pale median triangle (Teskey 1990).\n\nThe males are similar, except the thorax and abdomen are almost completely black, and abdominal tergites 1-2 only occasionally having small yellow lateral patches (Teskey 1990).\n\nChrysops excitans is readily identifiable by the combination of the pruinose stripe on the clypeus the entirely clear apex of the wings. It can only be confused with C. dawsoni, which was considered variant of C. excitans until Philip (1959), but C. dawsoni lacks the pale median triangle of tergite 2 (Teskey 1990).\n\nThe larvae are light green, 18-20 mm long, with a stigmatal spine. They can be distinguished from other Chrysops larvae by the reduction in the pseudopodial pubescence on segments 5-10; the pubescence does not span the gap between pseudopodia. (Teskey 1969)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6280-Habitat 6280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Larvae have been collected from the margins of bog ponds, semiwoodland swamp pools, large lakes, and a marsh lake (Teskey 1969)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6280-LifeCycle 6280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Little is known specifically about the life history of C. excitans. Adults are known to be more active in the morning than the afternoon, and to prefer open habitat to the edge of woodlands (Ossowski and Hunter, 2000). The eggs of C. excitans are laid in triple-layered egg masses averaging 9.8 mm in length, 3.8 mm in length, and 2.2 mm in height; the eggs themselves are brown, average 1.6 mm in length, and consist of about 450 per egg mass (Iranpour et al. 2004)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6280-TrophicStrategy 6280 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nothing is known of the dietary habits of the larvae of C. excitans. The adults subsist mainly on flower nectar, but aphid honeydew comprises a sizable part of the diet, as over half the deerflies at Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario were shown to have consumed honeydew (Ossowski and Hunter, 2000)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6281-ConservationStatus 6281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Chrysops frigidus is relatively common across Canada, but is nowhere extremely abundant (Teskey 1990). There is no current need for conservation efforts." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6281-Cyclicity 6281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Chrysops frigidus has been collected from late May through early September, but is most common in mid June through July (Teskey 1990)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6281-Distribution 6281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Chrysops frigidus is present throughout Canada and Alaska, as well as in New England and down the Rocky Mountains to Colorado (Teskey 1990)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6281-GeneralDescription 6281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are relatively small, 6-9 mm in length (Teskey 1990). The head of the females is grayish pruinose (powdery) with large brown to black glossy areas; the frons is higher than the width at the base; the antennae are slender, with a yellowish scape; the palpi are yellowish brown (Teskey 1990). The thorax is black, with the lateral margin and much of pleura covered with greyish pruinosity and yellow hairs; the legs are variable; the wings are heavily infuscated, with the apical spot broadly united to the crossband (Teskey 1990). The abdomen coloration is also variable, but is usually yellowish orange on the first two tergites, with a lunate (moon-shaped) black spot on tergite 1 meeting a broad black spot on tergite 2; the remaining tergites are darker, sometimes with faint medial triangles (Teskey 1990).\n\nThe males are similar, but with a more swollen scape, a wider pruinose clypeal stripe, greater pigmentation on wings, and a larger black spot on tergite 2 (Teskey 1990).\n\nDue to its size and heavy pigmentation at the wing apex, C. frigidus is not easily confused with any other Chrysops spp.\n\nLarvae are cylindrical, elongate, fusiform (spindle-shaped), pale yellow or beige, often with a greenish tinge, 12-15 mm in length. They lack a stigmatal spine, and the length of their respiratory siphon is more than three times longer than the diameter of its base (Teskey 1969)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6281-Habitat 6281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Larvae can be collected from a wide variety of wetland habitats, but are obligate to a substrate of wet moss (Teskey 1990)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6281-LifeCycle 6281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Little is known of the life history of C. frigidus. 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6281-TrophicStrategy 6281 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nothing is known of the dietary habits of the larvae of C. frigidus. The adults are known to rely on flower nectar as a principal food source (Lewis and Leprince, 1981)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6142-ConservationStatus 6142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Alberta is the north western limit of the range of Melitara dentata, the species is not of any concern." 9/6/07 13:14 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6142-Cyclicity 6142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been caught in Alberta from late July to early October. 9/6/07 13:14 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6142-Distribution 6142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widespread in western North America from Alberta to southern Arizona and central Texas. In Alberta the species is distributed throughout the southern grasslands and the south eastern parkland from Edgerton and Tolman Bridge in the north to Onefour in the south. 9/6/07 13:14 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6142-GeneralDescription 6142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly large (3.2 - 5.0 cm wingspan) micro moth with a stocky, grayish body. The long and fairly narrow forewings are gray, often with more whitish costal margin. The forewings have a row of dark spots near the tip with one spot between each pair of veins; a distinct, but often weak, double zigzag cross-band approximately 1/4 wing length from the tip; a distinct black discal spot; and a weak, dark angled cross-band near the wing base. The hind wings are broad and white, often with grayish margins. Both sexes have clearly pectinate antennae, and long, porrect palps (more pointed in females). The similar Melitara subumbrella is often more brownish gray and have no cross-bands on the forewings." 9/6/07 13:14 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6142-Habitat 6142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry grasslands, prairies, badlands and deserts with Prickly-pear Cactus (Opuntia sp.)." 9/6/07 13:14 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6142-LifeCycle 6142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid in an ""egg-stick"" on cactus pods or fruits. The larvae bore through the surface of the host plant and live as borers in the fruit and stems, gregariously during the first instars, less so during the later instars. The mature larvae are generally dark blue. There is one brood flying annually and the development is probably one year in Alberta. Adults have often been collected at light, and larvae can be found in their feeding galleries in Prickly-pear Cactus where the infected pods often are dry and brown in contrast to the fresh, green uninfected pods. Though the moths certainly damage their host, they are not considered to be a treat to native cactus species." 9/6/07 13:14 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6142-TrophicStrategy 6142 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy There are no host records from Alberta. Elsewhere the moth is reported to feed on various Prickly-pear Cacti (genus Opuntia) including the two Alberta species Fragile Prickly-pear Cactus (Opuntia fragilis) and Prairie Prickly-pear Cactus (Opuntia polyacantha). 9/6/07 13:14 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6143-ConservationStatus 6143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Alberta is the northern limit of the range of Melitara subumbrella, very little is known about the distribution and abundance in the province." 9/6/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6143-Cyclicity 6143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been caught in Alberta in May and June. 9/6/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6143-Distribution 6143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in western North America from southern Alberta and Saskatchewan to southern Arizona and central Texas. Little is know about the species real distribution in Alberta, but specimens have been collected from the south eastern corner of the province (Medicine Hat, lower Oldman River and Lost River)." 9/6/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6143-GeneralDescription 6143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large (3.5 - 5.2 cm wingspan) micro moth with a stocky, grayish to grayish-yellow body. The long and fairly narrow forewings are uniformly gray or brownish-gray, generally with dark lines along the veins. The forewings often have a weak discal spot, but never cross-bands or terminal spots like the similar Melitara dentata. The hind wings are broad and white, often with grayish or grayish-brown margins. Both sexes have pectinate antennae, but not as conspicuous as Melitara dentata. The females have long, porrect palps, whereas the palps in the male are shorter and upturned. The females can always be separated from Melitara dentata as they have a signum on the corpus bursae, a structure the latter species lacks. Otherwise, fight time is a good species indicator: M. subumbrella flies in late spring and early summer, whereas M. dentata flies in late summer and early fall." 9/6/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6143-Habitat 6143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry grasslands, prairies, badlands and deserts with Prickly-pear Cactus (Opuntia sp.)." 9/6/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6143-LifeCycle 6143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid in a short ""egg-stick"" on cactus pods or fruits. The larvae bore through the surface of the host plant and live as borers in the fruit and stems, gregariously during the first instars, but more solitary during the later instars. The mature larvae are white with light purple cross-bands. Little is known about the moth's development in Alberta, but elsewhere it is reported to have one brood pr. year and a one-year development." 9/6/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6143-TrophicStrategy 6143 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No host records from Alberta. Elsewhere the moth is reported to feed on various Prickly-pear Cacti (genus Opuntia) including the Alberta species Prairie Prickly-pear Cactus (Opuntia polyacantha). 9/6/07 13:20 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5135-Distribution 5135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A southwestern species, ranging from extreme southern Alberta and southeastern BC south and west to at least California." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5135-GeneralDescription 5135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth (ws= cm) with medium brown forewings marked with both lighter yellow brown and darker brown. The normal lines and spots are partially outlined with fine pale lines. The area along the cubital vein between the orbicular and reniform is white, and the orbicular is frequently outlined and partially filled with pale scales as well. There is a series of short black streaks between the veins in the subterminal area, and thin white subterminal and terminal lines. Fringe dark brown streaked with white at the veins. The hindwings of males are dirty white with dark scales along the veins, a thin dark incomplete terminal line, and a light fringe. Sexes similar but females with darker hindwings. The forewing pattern is rather difficult to describe, but quite distinctive." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5135-Habitat 5135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In Alberta it has been found only in the dry grasslands region in the Milk River valley at Writing-on-stone Provincial Park. 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5135-LifeCycle 5135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In Alberta, probably not a permanent resident, with adults migrating in from further south in late summer. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The caterpillars are general feeders on a wide variety of broad-leaved plants, including a number of agricultural crops such as potatoes and sugar beets." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5135-TrophicStrategy 5135 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The caterpillars are general feeders on a wide variety of broad-leaved plants, including a number of agricultural crops such as potatoes and sugar beets. The larvae are reported to feed during the day." 10/26/04 0:00 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6370-Distribution 6370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found at mid-elevations (1200-2000 m) in the mountains from western Alberta west to the east side of the Coast Ranges of BC, south to MT, WA and OR. It is replaced by the very closely related O. piffardi east of the mountains." 3/28/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6370-GeneralDescription 6370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.2 - 3.5 cm wingspan) grey, black and white moth. Forewings blue-grey, crossed by a wide, sharply defined median band, strongly curved on the basal side, less so on the distal. There is also a narrower diffuse black subterminal band and black shading near the wing base and terminal area. Hindwings white with a broad black terminal band. Body black except for the narrow white collar. Oncocnemis chalybdis cannot be mistaken for any other Alberta moth except the closely related O. piffardi Wlk., which replaces it east of the mountains. The white or partially white collar as well as the lack of a swollen base of the male clasper can be used to separate chalybdis from piffardi." 3/28/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6370-Habitat 6370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A western species, found at mid-elevations (1200-2000 m) in the mountains." 3/28/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6370-LifeCycle 6370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, with Alberta adults in late summer and fall (Aug. 10 through Sept. 30). The larvae feed on species of Spiraea, including S. douglassi (Troubridge and Crabo, 1999)." 3/28/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6295-ConservationStatus 6295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncertain. 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6295-Cyclicity 6295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults active late spring (Tahvanainen 1983). 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6295-Distribution 6295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Native to and occur in eastern North America. Reported from Ontario, Quebec, New York and Alabama (Balsbaugh and Hays 1972, Bousquet 1991)." 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6295-GeneralDescription 6295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are approximately 2mm, elongate oval, dorsally flat, have enlarged hind femurs and are black with pale yellow spots on the anterior and posterior portions of each elytron. The medial edges of posterior spots are relatively straight though they may curve gently towards the middle. Posterior spots do not reach elytral margins. The first 5 antennal segments are brown; remaining segments are black. Unlike P. striolata, the 5th antennal segment of the male is not enlarged (Balsbaugh and Hays 1972)." 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6295-Habitat 6295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Forested areas. 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6295-LifeCycle 6295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Oviposition and larval development information is lacking though may be similar to that of P. striolata (see notes): Adults overwinter in soil, turf or leaf litter. These emerge in spring to feed on foliage. In spring, 1-4 eggs are deposited near the bases of host plants. Eggs are about 0.4mm long by 0.2 mm wide, oval and light yellow. Mature larvae are approximately 3mm, white to very light brown with a copper-brown head and anal plate and are slender with small legs. Larvae feed on roots and root hairs and pupate in soil. These emerge as adults late summer (Burgess 1977)." 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6295-TrophicStrategy 6295 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Adults are considered oligophagous on Brassicaceae and are tolerant of brassicaceous plants containing cardiac glycosides. 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6320-ConservationStatus 6320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread; uncommon. 3/19/08 14:19 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6320-Distribution 6320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Mainly a species of the eastern deciduous woodlands, ranging west across southern SK and AB into central southern BC, south to TN, WI, and KS. Subspecies manitoba is the form occurring from MB west." 3/19/08 14:19 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6320-GeneralDescription 6320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5-4.5 cm. ws) dark grey dagger moth with light HW. The FW is a crisp powdery grey mottled with darker grey. AM and PM lines complete, the latter lunulate on the veins and lined with white A single lunule across fold, crossed by the anal dash. Basal dash heavy, widened in the middle and ending in three “spurs”, the anal dash strong, apical dash less so. The orbicular round, black, open above as is the reniform, and the two joined by a black dash from the middle of the orb. to lower reniform. HW dirty white and light fuscous, white in males. Antennae simple. Sexes similar but female HW with more dark scaling." 3/19/08 14:19 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6320-Habitat 6320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Tall shrub and deciduous woodland edges 3/19/08 14:19 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6320-TrophicStrategy 6320 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Various Prunus sp., including Pin cherry and Choke-cherry; Prentice also lists Red oak.." 3/19/08 14:19 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6327-ConservationStatus 6327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread and uncommon. 3/19/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6327-Cyclicity 6327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity late May-July 3/19/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6327-Distribution 6327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic; in NA from NFLD and NJ west to the Vancouver Island, north to AK and south through MT to ?" 3/19/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6327-GeneralDescription 6327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized moth (3.5-3.7 cm. ws), FW grey sometimes bluish tinted, median area darker, red-brown. The reniform and orbicular spots pale, the reniform with some dark filling in the lower half. A short, sharp black basal dash, and the claviform a black loop extending out from the AM line. HW grey brown, darker toward the margin and on veins, and a discal crescent The male has two large hair pencils on the base of the abdomen, and there is a sharp, thick spine on the sacculus. Antennae simple; sexes similar." 3/19/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6327-Habitat 6327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open areas and edges. 3/19/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6327-TrophicStrategy 6327 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Wheat, wild rice, corn and timothy, other grasses and sedges." 3/19/08 14:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6282-ConservationStatus 6282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Fairly common. Adults can be locally quite abundant. 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6282-Cyclicity 6282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Chrysops fulvaster is most readily captured in late June or July. 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6282-Distribution 6282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The southern parts of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, and southward to California and Oklahoma." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6282-GeneralDescription 6282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Teskey (1990) records that female C. fulvaster are largely dull yellow and brown, with highly mottled wings. On the head, the antennae are largely yellow, except for the darkened apical flagellomeres, and the scape is more swollen than the other antennal segments. The frons is wider than high, and more wide below; gena partly black; palpi yellow; and the clypeus is glossy yellow with a pruinose (powdery) band. The thorax has yellow hairs, with longitudinal stripes down the scutum and pleura. The legs are largely yellow, except for blackened front femora (Cole, 1969). The abdomen dorsally is grayish yellow with black spots below the scutellum; the tergites in succession posteriorly have pairs of large brown spots with yellower triangles between them. Males are smaller and much darker, but similarly patterned (Teskey 1990). \n\nChrysops fulvaster can be easily separated from all other Chrysops by the combination of the median prunes band on the clypeus, the scape being swollen relative to the other antennal segments, and light infuscation (darkening) along the entire posterior border of the wings (Teskey 1990)." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6282-Habitat 6282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Small sluggish streams and swampy areas of relatively fresh water in western prairies and plains (Teskey 1990). 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6282-LifeCycle 6282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Not much is known of C. fulvaster specifically. The eggs are laid in single-tiered masses with overlapping shingled rows of eggs, often under leaves of Potamogeton and Sagittaria (Teskey 1990). If the development times can be assumed to be similar to other Chrysops, the larvae take 10 months or longer to mature in Canada, but can have several generations per year southwards." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6282-TrophicStrategy 6282 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults feed on flower nectar, and females take blood meals for egg production; nothing is known of the dietary habits of the larvae." 2/27/08 9:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6288-ConservationStatus 6288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Currently unknown but likely not a concern due to widespread range. 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6288-Cyclicity 6288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "This species is likely univoltine, with a flight period occurring throughout March to late May (Hodges 1974). In Alberta, S. aurorella have been caught between April and early May." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6288-Distribution 6288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Semioscopis aurorella ranges throughout Canada between north-central Alberta and south-eastern Ontario (Hodges 1974). In the United States, this moth has been found between south-central New York state and Wisconsin (Hodges 1974)." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6288-GeneralDescription 6288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Semioscopis aurorella forewing colouration is variable, ranging from yellow-gray to pale yellow-white (Hodges 1974). Some individuals may have darker forewings but the costal margin is generally gray-brown and flecks of gray scales (Hodges 1974). Forewing length is generally between 11 to 14 mm (Hodges 1974). The aedeagus of male S. aurorella is twice as long as the basal width with short, curved cornuti (Hodges 1974)." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6288-Habitat 6288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Can be found in deciduous and mixed forests. Adults have been collected in low latitude boreal habitat as well as in the prairies. 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6288-LifeCycle 6288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Not reported but other members of the genus are leafrollers which overwinter as pupae in the ground (Hodges 1974). 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6288-TrophicStrategy 6288 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown but the closely related European species, S. avellanella, feed on birch (Betula) and hornbeam (Carpinus) (Hodges 1974)." 2/27/08 9:48 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6304-ConservationStatus 6304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 2/27/08 11:03 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6304-Cyclicity 6304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Larvae have been collected in early August. Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-May to mid-July. 2/27/08 11:03 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6304-Distribution 6304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The most boreal species of all North American Chlaenius. Known from scattered records across Canada and far south as the Montana. Has been recorded in Alberta from the Cypress Hills to as far north as Athabasca. 2/27/08 11:03 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6304-GeneralDescription 6304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: 10.5-14mm in length. Dorsal surface black and metallic though this can sometimes be faint. Pronotom often with a brassy or greenish hue laterally. Appendages black. Can be easily distinguished from all other Alberta species because all striae are broken at several points along their length; intervals are connected by convexities giving the elytral surface a transversely corrugated appearance; intervals 3, 5, 7, usually more convex. Setae behind pronotal shoulder are unicolorous, pale brown. Adapted from Bell 1960 and Lindroth 1963" 2/27/08 11:03 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6304-Habitat 6304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Have been collected on the borders of slow rivers with firm soil and vegetation consisting of Carex, Juncus, and Equisetum fluviatile. Others have been collected on lake shores among thick vegetation consisting of Naumburgia thyrsiflora, Triglochin palustre, Cicuta, Mentha, Carices, and a moss undercover of Drepanocladius aduncus." 2/27/08 11:03 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6304-LifeCycle 6304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Bell (1960) suggests that there is evidence that alternatus ranged far south of it's current distribution during the Ice Age as a species (C. plicatipannis) that is identical or closely related has been described from the Sangamon Peat of central Illinois. 2/27/08 11:03 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6304-TrophicStrategy 6304 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory, omnivorous." 2/27/08 11:03 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6144-ConservationStatus 6144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The species is widespread and often common. Not of any concern. 9/6/07 14:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6144-Cyclicity 6144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have generally been collected in Alberta in May. 9/6/07 14:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6144-Distribution 6144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in Canada, northern USA, temperate Asia and Europe. In Alberta it seems to occur where food plants are present." 9/6/07 14:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6144-GeneralDescription 6144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.0 - 3.5 cm wingspan), grey micro moth with a slender, grey body. The slender forewings are light grey in ground color with a paler, whitish costal margin, a blackish discal spot, a black and white distal zigzag cross-band, and a broad, black basal cross-band. The broad hind wings are whitish with pale-brown powdering, especially along the margin and the veins." 9/6/07 14:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6144-Habitat 6144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Parklands, boreal forest and bogs where gooseberry and currants occur." 9/6/07 14:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6144-LifeCycle 6144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae live inside the fruits of currants and gooseberries (the genus Ribes spp.). They are pale green with brown head and thoracic shield. There is one annual generation and the moth over winter as pupa. As a result the pupal stage is very long (up to 10 months). Because of its diet, the Gooseberry Fruit-worm is often considered an important pest of gooseberry and currants." 9/6/07 14:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6144-TrophicStrategy 6144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No rearing data from Alberta. But the moth is reported to feed on a variety of currants and gooseberries (Ribes spp.) 9/6/07 14:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6157-Distribution 6157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to the eastern edge of Alberta, south to Florida and Mexico. There is a single Alberta record for a fresh female collected at MV light on the edge of the Red Deer River north of Jenner." 2/13/08 14:29 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6157-GeneralDescription 6157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A very large (8.5-11.5 cm wingspan) long-winged moth. The body is brown edged with longitudinal black stripes. The doubled postmedian line on both wings is the only well developed cross line. There are also a number of black longitudinal streaks on the outer half of the forewing and small, light discal spots. Our other large dark sphinx moths from south of the boreal forest are grey, not brown. The adults are similar, but females are larger than males. The larvae are large, pale green with granular skin and pale diagonal lateral streaks. They are easily identified by the four prominent horns on the front end, hence the other common name, the Four-horned sphinx." 2/13/08 14:29 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6157-Habitat 6157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Frequents hardwood woodland. 2/13/08 14:29 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6157-LifeCycle 6157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, which overwinter as pupae. Mature larvae are most often encountered after they wander from the host tree and seek a place with loose soil in which to pupate. The only Alberta record is for June 3, 2004." 2/13/08 14:29 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6157-TrophicStrategy 6157 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are reported to feed on elm, birch, basswood and cherry." 2/13/08 14:29 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6296-ConservationStatus 6296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Phyllotreta cruciferae is a serious pest of brassicaceous crops in much of its range. 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6296-Cyclicity 6296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are active from April to October on the Canadian Prairies. 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6296-Distribution 6296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Native to Eurasia, it can be found from England to North Africa in the West and Russia to India in the East and is common in oilseed production areas. Occurs across North America from British Columbia to Oregon in the west and from Newfoundland to Delaware in the east (Bousquet 1991, Anonymous 1982)." 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6296-GeneralDescription 6296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are 2-3mm, dorsally flat, elongate oval, black with a bright blue lustre and have enlarged hind femurs. The luster allows distinction from another brassicaceous crop pest, Psylliodes punctulata: these have a bronze luster." 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6296-Habitat 6296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Agricultural areas subject to disturbance such as crops, roadside ditches and weed fields." 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6296-LifeCycle 6296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "One generation per year. Two generations per year possible in portions of range. Adults overwinter in soil, turf or leaf near shelterbelts, hedges and fencerows. These emerge in spring to feed on foliage. In spring, 1-4 eggs are deposited near the bases of host plants. Eggs are about 0.4mm long by 0.2 mm wide, oval and light yellow. Mature larvae are approximately 3mm, white to very light brown with a copper-brown head and anal plate and are slender with small legs. Larvae feed on roots and root hairs and pupate in soil. These emerge as adults late summer (Burgess 1977)." 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6296-TrophicStrategy 6296 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Adults are considered oligophagous on Brassicaceae. 2/27/08 9:56 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6297-ConservationStatus 6297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Phyllotreta robusta is common though not abundant throughout its range. Conservation issues are uncertain. 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6297-Cyclicity 6297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are active from May to July in the Canadian Prairie Provinces (Burgess 1977). 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6297-Distribution 6297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Native to and occurs across North America from Alberta to Nevada in the west and from Quebec to Michigan in the east (Bousquet 1991). 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6297-GeneralDescription 6297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are approximately 2mm in length, dorsally flat, elongate oval, black with well-developed hind femurs. Adults are less elongate than other Phyllotreta spp. in North America. The elytra are wider than the prothorax, oval, rounded on the sides, and similarly punctured. There is a pale yellow stripe on each elytron that widens at about one fifth its length to near the lateral margin and again to reach both the posterior and side margins. Antennae are slender; more half the length of the body, the first three segments are brown and the rest are black (LeConte 1878). This flea beetle can most easily be distinguished from other common 'striped' Phyllotreta spp. in North America by examination of elytra: the yellow stripe reaches the elytral margin in P. robusta whereas it does not in P. striolata or P. bipustulata." 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6297-Habitat 6297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Agricultural areas subject to disturbance such as crops, roadside ditches and weed fields." 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6297-LifeCycle 6297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "One generation per year. Adults overwinter in soil or turf and leaf litter near shelterbelts, hedges and fencerows. These emerge in spring to feed on foliage. In spring, 1-4 eggs are deposited near the bases of host plants. Eggs are about 0.4mm long by 0.2 mm wide, oval and light yellow. Mature larvae are approximately 3mm, white to very light brown with a copper-brown head and anal plate and are slender with small legs. Larvae feed on roots and root hairs and pupate in soil. These emerge as adult mid-summer (Burgess 1977)." 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6297-TrophicStrategy 6297 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Adults feed on several brassicaceous plants including Brassica napus and B. campestris (Burgess 1977). 2/27/08 9:56 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6283-ConservationStatus 6283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Chrysops furcatus is common and widespread; in Labrador and Quebec, it was the second mostly commonly captured deerfly (McElligott and Lewis, 1998)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6283-Cyclicity 6283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Specimens have been collected from late June to early August. 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6283-Distribution 6283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout Canada and Alaska, south to California and Wisconsin (Stone et al., 1965)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6283-GeneralDescription 6283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults (Teskey 1990): Females are 7-10 mm in length, and are patterned orange and black overall. On the head, the frons is slightly higher than wide; the ocellar prominence with extensive glossy black area; the antenna black except for the the orangish scape (or even a few segments higher on the antenna); clypeus entirely yellow; palpi brown. The thorax is covered with yellow hairs and is distinctly striped with grey and black; the front coxa and mid and hind tibia, femora, and basitarsi are blackened, remainder yellowish; on the wings, the apex of the basal radial cell is clear while the basal portion and the basal median cell are infuscated (pigmented). On the abdomen, the black spot on tergum 1 is joined to the geminate (doubled) spot on tergum 2 which encloses a median yellow triangle; tergites 3-7 are black anteriorly with yellow posterior margins. \n\nThe males are similar to the females, except they are smaller, the scutum is nearly black, there are medial black figures on tergites 1-2, and abdominal segment 1 does not constrict at all when it joins to the thorax.\n\nChrysops furcatus is superficially similar to C. coloradensis, C. montanus, and C. lateralis, none of which are found in Alberta. However, it can be separated morphologically from those three by wing venation: C. furcatus lacks of infuscation in the apex of the basal radial cell, and the hyaline triangle crosses multiple radial cells (Teskey 1990).\n\nLarvae (Teskey 1969): creamy-white, 15-17 mm in length. It is separated from other Chrysops spp. by the presence of a posterior pubescent annulus extending from the anal segment, making up 1/3 of the length of the segment, and by the length of the respiratory siphon being twice the diameter at the base." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6283-Habitat 6283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Specimens have been collected in wetlands with a saturated substrate and high levels of organic matter; probably not a highly habitat-specific species (Teskey 1990). 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6283-LifeCycle 6283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Not much is known about C. furcatus specifically. Teskey (1990) record that Chrysops in general, however, are known to begin life as an egg mass laid near water or wet soil; the larvae hatch simultaneously and pass through 5-7 instars over 9-10 months (or several years, in the far north) before pupating and emerging as adults in the early summer. Males wait for females at high points and flyways; the females must take a blood meal in order to at least maximize their egg production." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6283-TrophicStrategy 6283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nothing is known of the dietary habits of the larvae, nor of the adults specifically. Adult Chrysops are known to ingest flower nectar and aphid honeydew as their primary food source (Teskey 1990)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6313-Cyclicity 6313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to early September. 2/27/08 13:30 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6313-Distribution 6313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec to British Columbia, south to Mexico in the west (Munroe 1976). Type Locality Texas. Not reported from Alberta by Bowman (1951) but the illustrated specimen, collected by Bowman in 1922 was misidentified as L. commixtalis; and Banff, Jasper and Nordegg material collected by Bowman, also in UASM were also misidentified as commixtalis. Known from Alberta from Bindloss, Buffalo Lake Conservation Area, Caribou Mountains, East Arrowwood Coulee, Lowden Springs Conservation Area, Lost River, Red Deer, Olds, Tolman Bridge and Wabasca." 2/27/08 13:30 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6313-GeneralDescription 6313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Ground color brownish gray. Forewing with veins expanded towards the yellowish buff ST band. There is a faint, yellowish buff ST line on the hindwings. Wingspan 30-34 mm. The genitalia were described by Munroe (1976). Somewhat similar to Loxostege commixtalis but browner, larger, and with FW veins more expanded towards the ST band. Munroe (1976) comments that the ""male and female genitalia are not greatly different from those of commixtalis, except blunt cornutus of male generally larger and more broadly spatulate at tip; female with shorter ostial chamber and longer and more pronounced constriction""." 2/27/08 13:30 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6313-Habitat 6313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairies, aspen parkland and south-facing, open slopes." 2/27/08 13:30 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6313-LifeCycle 6313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Described by Allyson (1976). Much like that of Loxostege sticticalis (Munroe 1976). Mainly night-flying. 2/27/08 13:30 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6313-TrophicStrategy 6313 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Range of foodplants similar to that of Loxostege sticticalis (Munroe 1976). 2/27/08 13:30 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6080-Distribution 6080 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Eastern boreal; from the maritime provinces and northeastern states west across the southern boreal forest zone to central AB. In Alberta taken only in the Redwater sands. 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6080-GeneralDescription 6080 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size, long-winged moth with dark grey-black FW and pinkish grey HW. FW markings indistinct, darker than ground, and often with median band darker. HW slightly darker toward margin and along veins, and with a lerge discal spot. Male valves lacking the corona, cucullus and digitus." 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6080-Habitat 6080 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal forest. 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6080-TrophicStrategy 6080 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "By Association, jackpine (Pinus )Red Pine and Jack pine, probably other pines as well. In AB found associated with Jack pine." 6/21/07 13:56 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6084-ConservationStatus 6084 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6084-Cyclicity 6084 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Peak flight activity in Alberta is from late July to early August. 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6084-Distribution 6084 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "BC to Nova Scotia, south to FL and CA (McGuffin 1987)." 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6084-GeneralDescription 6084 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small, tan geometrid with an intricate pattern of maroon lines, bands and venation. Forewing apex slightly falcate. This species is immediately recognizable; there are no other species like it in Alberta." 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6084-Habitat 6084 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous and mixedwood forests and woodlands. 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6084-LifeCycle 6084 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The common name Filament Bearer stems from the bizarre caterpillar of this species, which is able to evert two pairs of long tentacle-like structures dorsally on the abdomen (See Ives & Wong 1988, Wagner et al. 2001). The function of these structures is unknown, but perhaps is meant to mimic dead, dried flower parts or plant debris. Pupation occurs within a cocoon among plant foliage, and the egg hibernates (McGuffin 1987)." 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6084-TrophicStrategy 6084 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalists on both deciduous and coniferous trees and shrubs. Often occurs on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga), hemlock (Tsuga), fir (Abies), spruce (Picea), willow (Salix), white birch (Betula papyrifera), hazelnut (Corylus); also low-growing plants such as strawberry (Fragaria) and carrot (Daucus) (McGuffin 1987)." 6/21/07 13:58 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6099-ConservationStatus 6099 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A rather common species in suitable habitat; no concerns 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6099-Cyclicity 6099 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in late May and early June. 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6099-Distribution 6099 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern and coastal California north to southern Washington and southern Alberta, east to southwestern Saskatchewan, western Wyoming and Colorado." 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6099-GeneralDescription 6099 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.8-4.1 cm wingspan) streaky brownish-grey moth. The ""normal"" cross lines are obsolete, and the orbicular and reniform spots are elongated white-outlined doodles. The veins are lined with black scales and there are slightly darker streaks between the veins, darkest near the outer margin. A dusting of white scales along the costa and the lower edge of the wing gives them a frosted appearance. The most prominent marking is the rather thin black basal streak and the adjoining black scaling in the space basad to the orbicular. The hindwings are white, with a few dark scales along the veins in some specimens. The forewing fringes are lightly checkered, those of the hindwings solid white. Very similar to both P. postera Fauske & Laf. and Setagrotis radiola (Hamp.), both of which fly much later in the season, in August." 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6099-Habitat 6099 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid native grassland-sagebrush valley floodplains and slopes; badlands 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6099-LifeCycle 6099 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light but have also been observed nectaring in numbers during the afternoon at wolf-willow (Eleagnus) blossoms (C. Schmidt and G. Anweiler, unpublished obs.). There is a single annual brood, which emerges in the spring. The early stages are unknown." 6/21/07 14:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5778-ConservationStatus 5778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not of concern, a severe pest of wild and ornamental birch." 8/16/05 11:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5778-Cyclicity 5778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late May to July, may continue to emerge late into August" 8/16/05 11:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5778-Distribution 5778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "European native, Northeast United States, Eastern Canada to Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Alaska." 8/16/05 11:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5778-GeneralDescription 5778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: Small black sawflies, 4mm long. Females only, males not recorded. Species is likely parthenogenic. Tibia and tarsus white to light yellow, wings brown tinged and darker near the body. Adults may often co-occur with Fenusa pusilla on birch and appear similar but can be distinguished by the ovipositor. Both species posess a saw-like ovipositor used to deposit eggs under the surface of leaves. Profenusa thomsoni's saw is well developed and posses wide, closely spaced serrulae (teeth). \n\nLarvae: Creamy white to light brown as the larva ages. Six instars. One of only three species in Alberta to feed inside birch leaves. Dorso-ventrally flattened with a forward facing head except for the final instar where the characteristic eruciform shape is retained and the mouthparts face ventrally. 7.0 mm long in the final (5th ) instar. Medium sized dark brown to black plates on the thorax, visible in all instars but more easily distinguished in larger larvae. These plates can be used to distinguish between P. thomsoni and two other birch leafmining species Fenusa pumila and Heterarthrus nemoratus. In F. pumila the plates appear as a continuous dark black stripe running onto the 1st abdominal segment, while in H. nemoratus a single plate is visible on the 1st thoracic segment only (occasionally with light plates on the 2nd or 3rd thoracic segments).\n\nThe larval mine of P. thomsoni can be used to separate it from F. pumila. Since P. thomsoni attacks mature leaves, feeding does not disrupt the shape of the leaf whereas F. pusilla attacks expanding leaves and larval feeding tends to result in crinkled leaves. This character is more usefull early in the season second generation F. pumila may attack fully expanded leaves.\n\nAdapted from Smith 1971 and Goulet 1992." 8/16/05 11:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5778-Habitat 5778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Unknown for adults. Larva feeders on wild and ornamental birch. 8/16/05 11:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5778-LifeCycle 5778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Drouin and Wong (1984) detailed the life history of this species in Alberta. Adults emerge in late May to early June, becoming abundant by July. Parthenogenic females lay eggs inside birch leaves using the sawlike ovipositor to open small slits in the upper surface of leaves. Larvae feed inside the leaf creating a distinctive blotch shaped mine but drop to the ground to pupate. There are 6 larval instars, 5 spent feeding inside the leaf and the 6th is spent looking for a suitable location to pupate. In North America there is only one generation per year.\nLeafminer adults appear to prefer fully expanded leaves, but will lay eggs in any acceptable host. Where P. thomsoni and Fenusa pumila co-occur they are capable of defoliating whole trees and can be significant forest and horticultural pests. \n\nProfenusa thomsoni has occasionally occurred at outbreak levels in urban areas of Alberta, the Northwest Territories and Alaska since the 1960's but can be controlled by the Ichneumonid parasitoid wasp Lathrolestes luteolator. This wasp lays its eggs inside developing P. thomsoni larvae that hatch after the leafminer pupates and consumes the host (Digweed et al. 2003)." 8/16/05 11:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5778-TrophicStrategy 5778 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Primarily a feeder on members of the Betulaceae, common on a number of species of Betula (Birch)." 8/16/05 11:16 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6368-ConservationStatus 6368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, probably of no concern." 3/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6368-Cyclicity 6368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to early July. 3/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6368-Distribution 6368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia west to British Columbia, north to the Yukon, and south to Pennsylvania, Illinois and California (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is Siskiyou Co., California. Reported from Areas 7 (Lloydminster) and 10 (Edmonton) in Alberta by Bowman (1951) as Pyrausta fumoferalis. Also known in Alberta from 8 km NW of Winfield." 3/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6368-GeneralDescription 6368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan around 30 mm. Forewings dark grayish fuscous, hindwings lighter. A checkered terminal line is present, especially on the forewings above. The genitalia are very similar to those of Saucrobotys futilalis (Munroe 1976). Similar to S. futilalis but the forewings of the latter are light brown in color and the checkered terminal line is not as obvious. Also similar to Mutuuraia mysippusalis but the latter has a more acute apex of the forewing and lacks a checkered terminal line." 3/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6368-Habitat 6368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat South-facing slopes near spreading dogbane. 3/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6368-LifeCycle 6368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 3/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6368-TrophicStrategy 6368 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. The larvae may possibly feed on Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane) as does Saucrobotys futilalis. Spreading dogbane is common where moths were collected near Winfield. 3/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6108-ConservationStatus 6108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "At the edge of its range in southwestern Alberta, but no obvious reasons for any concern." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6108-Cyclicity 6108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta records are from mid June to late July. 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6108-Distribution 6108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, occurring from the mountains of southwestern Alberta, north to Banff and west to Vancouver Island." 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6108-GeneralDescription 6108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (23–26 mm wingspan) yellow-brown moth, with darker grey-brown median and postmedian lines. Medial line wider and less well-defined, postmedian line narrow and darker. Area between postmedian line and outer margin with several indistinct darker bands and lines. Discal dots absent or, if present, nearly obsolete. Hairbrush present on metathoracic tibia of male. The male and female genitalia are described and illustrated (as Scopula subfuscata) by McGuffin (1967)" 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6108-Habitat 6108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane wooded and shrubby openings and edges. 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6108-LifeCycle 6108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood. 6/21/07 14:08 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6121-Distribution 6121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Abagrotis brunneipennis is found from Newfoundland west to Vancouver Island, south to west central Oregon, Utah, Colorado and North Carolina. In Alberta it has been collected sparingly throughout the boreal forest, from Redwater north almost to Lake Athabasca and in the foothills near Kananaskis." 7/6/07 13:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6121-GeneralDescription 6121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.3-3.7 cm wingspan) moth with brick-red forewings and black hindwings. The forewings vary in color in the same population from dull brown with rather prominent dark orbicular and reniform to deep brick red with black basal and subterminal bands (illustrated). The banded form of brunneipennis is unmistakable. Most brunneipennis have a deeper more saturated almost greasy-looking appearance. The markings on most specimens are faint or obsolete, with the dark shade at the top of the subterminal shade most prominent. They are very closely related and most likely to be confused with A. cupida, most specimens of which are lighter orange-red and have lighter black hindwings. Brunneipennis is associated with sandy habitats in the cooler boreal forest and foothills regions, while cupida frequents dry often clay habitats south of the boreal forests. Although bar-code sequence fails to differentiate between cupida and brunneipennis, there are significant differences in both the male and female genitalia. Lafontaine (1998) illustrates the various forms of adults and genitalia of both sexes." 7/6/07 13:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6121-Habitat 6121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It is found in sandy habitats in association with blueberry. 7/6/07 13:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6121-LifeCycle 6121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to both light and sugar bait. There is a single annual brood with adults in August and early September. 7/6/07 13:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6121-TrophicStrategy 6121 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Wild larvae have been collected on blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) 7/6/07 13:36 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6372-ConservationStatus 6372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Never common, but probably of no concern." 3/31/08 8:10 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6372-Cyclicity 6372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June through July. 3/31/08 8:10 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6372-Distribution 6372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The nominate subspecies occurs in central and northern Europe. Alberta material belongs to the subspecies caecalis Wlk., type locality Nova Scotia, which is known from Nova Scotia and Labrador west to British Columbia and southern Alaska, south to Massachusetts and New York in the east, and Oregon and Idaho in the west (Munroe 1976). Reported from Areas 6 (Calgary), 7 (Lloydminster), 8 (Red Deer), 10 (Edmonton), 18 (Waterton), 20 (Nordegg) and 21 (Jasper National Park) in Alberta by Bowman (1951) as Scoparia centuriella D. & S. Also known in Alberta from Beaverdam Campground Recreation Area, Crowsnest Pass, Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, the Lowden Springs Conservation Area, McKenzie Crossing, Prospect Mountain and The Pallisades in Jasper National Park." 3/31/08 8:10 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6372-GeneralDescription 6372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspread 20-30 mm. A medium to large, smoky gray to dark brown Pyralid. Distinct, sinuate AM and PM lines usually evident on the forewings, the area between the lines somewhat lighter in color; small, dark orbicular and reniform spots often present. Hind wings lighter, smoky gray near the terminus, lighter medially, lacking AM and PM lines. Thorax and abdomen robust. Noctuid-like when spread, but typically pyraloid when at rest and with porrect labial palpi and upright maxillary palpi." 3/31/08 8:10 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6372-Habitat 6372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Too variable to be defined. 3/31/08 8:10 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6372-LifeCycle 6372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The larvae have been described and figured by Mackay (1972). Adults come to light. 3/31/08 8:10 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6372-TrophicStrategy 6372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 3/31/08 8:10 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6243-ConservationStatus 6243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Very common, of no concern." 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6243-Cyclicity 6243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity May to August. 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6243-Distribution 6243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widely distributed throughout the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. In North America, across Canada, north into the Northwest Territories and the Yukon, south to Arizona (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is Uppsala, Sweden. Reported from Areas 2-8 (Prairie and Aspen Parkland), 10 (Edmonton), 15 (Peace River) and 18 (Waterton) in Alberta by Bowman (1951). Also known from Big Knife Provincial Park, Bindloss, the Buffalo Lake Conservation Area, the J.J. Collett Natural Area, Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, Dunvegan, East Arrowwood Coulee, Erskine, Fort Macleod, Lethbridge, Lost River, Lowden Springs Conservation Area, Max Lake, Medicine Lake Recreation Area, Nevis, Pine Lake, Red Deer, Rochon Sands Provincial Park, Steveville and Winfield." 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6243-GeneralDescription 6243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Ground color grayish brown, forewings above with a whitish discal spot and a yellowish ST stripe, hind wings above grayish brown with a thin yellowish ST line and a yellowish PM line. Wingspan 22-24 mm. The genitalia are described by Munroe (1976). Somewhat similar to L. cereralis and L. commixtalis, but smaller and upperside of the forewings without black streaking and wedges, and with a yellowish ST stripe that is distinctly expanded near vein R1." 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6243-Habitat 6243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Widespread throughout aspen parkland and prairie areas. 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6243-LifeCycle 6243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The larvae pass the winter in silk-lined cells in loose soil (Bird 1961). The moths are both diurnal and nocturnal and come to light. 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6243-TrophicStrategy 6243 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on many of the broad-leaved weeds, particularly Chenopodium album (lamb's-quarters), but also attack flax, sugar beets, sunflowers and many garden plants. In the aspen parkland, numbers increased with the advent of agriculture in the 1900-1920 period (Bird 1961)." 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6377-Distribution 6377 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Newfoundland and Labrador west to BC and Yukon. 4/2/08 13:20 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6377-GeneralDescription 6377 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx. 2.5-2.7 cm wingspan) dark red-brown or yellowish-brown moth. There is a black basal streak, short is some specimens but extending half way across the wing in the fold in others. The most prominent markings are the contrasting white cubital and median veins, and to a lesser degree the anal and radial veins as well. For the most part this white scaling stops well short of the wing margin. The trailing edge of the forewing is usually pale yellow or buff. The hindwings are dark sooty brown or black. Sexes similar. The combination of small size, robust build, red-brown color and contrasting white cubital vein will usually identify this moth. The illustrated specimen was collected at Gull Lake, AB." 4/2/08 13:20 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6377-Habitat 6377 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta it is widespread in the aspen parklands, and has been collected north into the southern edge of the boreal forest and west to the mountains at low elevations. Apparently absent from the grasslands region. It frequents mesic areas including the edges of aspen bluffs and hayfields, old fields, meadows etc." 4/2/08 13:20 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6377-LifeCycle 6377 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood, which flies in mid-late summer. The larval host(s) is apparently unknown. Related species are borers in plant stems." 4/2/08 13:20 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6344-Distribution 6344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "An eastern species, ranging from the Maritimes west to the Rocky Mountains, south at least to New York, Indiana, Illinois and Ohio. It is listed as rare in Ohio and Illinois. In Alberta it is known only from 3 Bowman specimens collected at Edmonton in the first half of the last century, and his listing it without details for Calgary. The dates are from June 23 to July 12. Panatela is found associated with wetlands." 3/20/08 13:57 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6344-GeneralDescription 6344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (approx 2.2-2.4 cm wingspan) light beige or tan moth. The usual noctuid spots and lines are reduced to a series of black dots where the antemedian and postmedian lines cross the veins. The most prominent marking is usually the dark smeared streak running outward along the median vein. The forewing beyond the postmedian line is often dark as well, and in pale specimens here is narrow black terminal line. The veins, especially on the outer third, are lined with white scales. The hindwings are light tan, with a faint median line, discal spot and a thin dark terminal line. Antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. The overall color can be quite variable, from darker brown to very light (as illustrated). Melanic specimens also occur. The illustrated specimen is from the CBIF Moths of Canada website." 3/20/08 13:57 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6344-LifeCycle 6344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Almost nothing is known of the life history. The adults are nocturnal and come to light, and there appears to be a single annual brood with the adults flying in early summer. The larval hosts are unknown, but other members of the genus are stem borers, and it has been postulated that panatela are also borers in the stem of a wetlands plant. The generic name Spartinaphaga translates as ""Cordgrass eater"", but does not imply that cordgrass is a host of panatela." 3/20/08 13:57 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6344-TrophicStrategy 6344 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval hosts are unknown, but other members of the genus are stem borers, and it has been postulated that panatela are also borers in the stem of a wetlands plant. The generic name Spartinaphaga translates as ""Cordgrass eater"", but does not imply that cordgrass is a host of panatela." 3/20/08 13:57 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6346-Cyclicity 6346 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity They fly in midsummer. 3/20/08 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6346-Distribution 6346 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, ranging from the wet coastal forests east to the Rocky Mountains. In Alberta a single specimen was collected in Waterton National Park in 2005." 3/20/08 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6346-GeneralDescription 6346 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 2.7 cm wingspan) noctuid moth with a pointed rather than rounded forewing apex. The forewings are relatively unmarked rusty or yellow-orange to yellow-tan, crossed by thin reddish or dark brown antemedian and postmedian lines. Both lines start at the lower margin and angle outward in a relatively straight line to or beyond the middle of the wing before angling sharply back to the costa. The hindwings are dirty white to dull black. Mythimna oxygala and Neleucania bicolorata are similar, but are tan, rusty or orange, and lack the cross lines on the forewings." 3/20/08 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6346-Habitat 6346 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic woodlands and meadows. 3/20/08 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6346-LifeCycle 6346 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "We have few data. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The larval hosts are reported to be clover (Trifolium sp.) and Aster sp. Possibly a general feeder. Zosteropoda hirtipes frequent mesic woodlands and meadows, and are reported to be abundant in wet coastal forest in BC. They fly in midsummer; the lone Alberta specimen was collected on July 11, 2005." 3/20/08 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6346-TrophicStrategy 6346 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hosts are reported to be clover (Trifolium sp.) and Aster sp. Possibly a general feeder. 3/20/08 14:03 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6261-ConservationStatus 6261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of no concern. 2/15/08 11:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6261-Cyclicity 6261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid May to mid July. 2/15/08 11:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6261-Distribution 6261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland and Labrador west to British Columbia, north to Alaska and the Yukon (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is Square Island, Labrador. In Alberta, reported from Areas 8 (Red Deer), 10 (Edmonton), 19 (Banff) and 20 (Nordegg) (Bowman 1951). Also known from Jasper National Park." 2/15/08 11:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6261-GeneralDescription 6261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Ground color of both fore and hind wings above fulvous brown with dull yellowish-buff PM and ST lines. Wingspan 14-18 mm. Very close to Pyrausta subsequalis plagialis but the wings are somewhat duller and it has a more northern distribution. Regarded as Pyrausta subsequalis borealis in Hodges et al. (1983), but Munroe (1976) comments ""Forbes, in my opinion correctly, considered it a 'northern' variety"". No genitalic differences between the two are mentioned by Munroe (1976)." 2/15/08 11:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6261-Habitat 6261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Boreal Forest 2/15/08 11:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6261-LifeCycle 6261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown, Adults come to light." 2/15/08 11:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6261-TrophicStrategy 6261 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. The larvae may possibly feed on a species of mint. 2/15/08 11:50 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6263-ConservationStatus 6263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. Of no concern. 2/15/08 11:50 3/21/13 11:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6263-Cyclicity 6263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to July 2/15/08 11:50 3/21/13 11:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6263-Distribution 6263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to British Columbia (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is Scandia, Alberta. In Alberta, reported from Areas 6 (Calgary), 8 (Red Deer) and 10 (Edmonton) (Bowman 1951). Also known from Big Knife Provincial Park, the Buffalo Lake Conservation Area, Crowsnest Pass, Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, Dunvegan, Erskine, the J.J. Collett Natural Area, the Lowden Springs Natural Area, Nevis, Shandro Bridge, Tolman Bridge and Waterton Lakes National Park." 2/15/08 11:50 3/21/13 11:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6263-GeneralDescription 6263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewings above pinkish buff, hindwings above whitish buff with a noticeable fuscous PM line. Females tend to have somewhat darker forewings. Wingspan 22-25 mm. The genitalia are described by Munroe (1976). Similar to Pyrausta socialis but socialis has forewings that are deep reddish or pinkish brown with a well-marked purplish luster. Also, in Pyrausta fodinalis septentrionicola the uncus is rounded, instead of being distally truncate, and lateral thorn-like processes are lacking." 2/15/08 11:50 3/21/13 11:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6263-Habitat 6263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Undisturbed prairie and grassland areas 2/15/08 11:50 3/21/13 11:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6263-LifeCycle 6263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Adults come to light. 2/15/08 11:50 3/21/13 11:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6263-TrophicStrategy 6263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. The larvae may possibly feed on a species of mint. 2/15/08 11:50 3/21/13 11:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30139-ConservationStatus 30139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not commonly collected but probably of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30139-Cyclicity 30139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to July. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30139-Distribution 30139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout boreal Canada from British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Hampshire and Wisconsin." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30139-GeneralDescription 30139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adult is unmistakeable because of the characteristic forewing pattern. The forewing is entirely striated with dark grey and white streaks that trend towards the outer edges of the wing. The hindwing is dark grey and the remainder of the body is normally dull white.\nThe larva is similar to A. alberta but has a paler head and the thoracic shield is pale, bordered with dark brown (MacKay 1962)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30139-Habitat 30139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Boreal forest, especially where spruce is dominant." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30139-LifeCycle 30139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life history is not reported for this rarely seen species, but likely feeds amongst spruce foliage." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30139-TrophicStrategy 30139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Black Spruce (Picea mariana) & White Spruce (P. glauca) (Razowski 1977). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6378-Distribution 6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, found from extreme southern Alberta south and west at least to Utah Oregon and California. In Alberta (and Canada) it is known only from the Lethbridge and Writing-on-stone areas." 4/2/08 13:24 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6378-GeneralDescription 6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (approx 3 cm wingspan) with brown forewings and light grey-brown hindwings. The forewings are grey-brown with lighter red-brown in a more or less longitudinal pattern. The most prominent markings are the white strip forming the lower end of the postmedian line, and the narrow blackish streak in the fold between the antemedian and postmedian lines. The forewing fringe is checkered with white at the veins. The antennae are simple and the sexes are alike. A number of Apamea species share a similar color and pattern but are larger and more robust moths." 4/2/08 13:24 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6378-Habitat 6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native grassland in the arid grasslands region. 4/2/08 13:24 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6378-LifeCycle 6378 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Almost nothing is known. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, which flies in Alberta in late summer and early fall (August 25-September 7). Bowman (in error?) states it flies in July. The larval hosts are unknown." 4/2/08 13:24 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6127-Distribution 6127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across Canada from NFLD to BC, south in the east to Connecticut and Ohio and in the west to Colorado." 7/6/07 13:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6127-GeneralDescription 6127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (2.0-2.8 cm wingspan) robust furry stubby-winged noctuid moth. The forewings are light yellow brown or beige, dusted with darker scales. The antemedian and postmedian line are uncompelled marked by a line of black dots or short streaks between the veins. The amount of black scaling varies in specimens and often forms a dark line along the fold. Veins lined with paler scales and standing out against the darker ground. Hindwings paler than forewings, dusted with light grey mainly on the outer half, and with veins contrasting with the ground as in the forewings. Occasional specimens are entirely suffused with dark scales on the forewings. The small size, pale color and stubby appearance will help separate inquinata it from similar species." 7/6/07 13:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6127-Habitat 6127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta it occurs throughout much of the boreal forest, parklands and foothills region, but is apparently absent in most of the grasslands region. It frequents wetland edges and mesic meadows, flooded ditches, sedge meadows and fens." 7/6/07 13:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6127-LifeCycle 6127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, which flies in July and the first half of August. The larvae are known to bore in the stems of sedge (Carex species)." 7/6/07 13:49 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6379-ConservationStatus 6379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local and uncommon. 4/2/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6379-Cyclicity 6379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 4/2/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6379-Distribution 6379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western North America, east to central southern SK and western ND, south to southern NM, AZ and CA. In Alberta it has been collected in the arid grasslabds region north to the south Saskatchewan River valley." 4/2/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6379-GeneralDescription 6379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (3.5-3.8 cm. ws), light colored Cucullia with mottled grey, white and grey-brown forewings and pale hindwings with a narrow darker terminal band. It resembles a small, greyer C. montanae, but with the forewings more streaked and with the reniform and orbicular more sharply outlined. The much smaller size will separate it from all other Alberta Cucullia species. The valves of male montanae are broad and squared at the tip, whereas those of antipoda taper to a curved tip." 4/2/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6379-Habitat 6379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid short-grass prairie and badlands. 4/2/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6379-TrophicStrategy 6379 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "None. According to Poole (1995), probably a shrubby composite." 4/2/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6347-Cyclicity 6347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults are on the wing from mid June through early September. 3/20/08 14:05 3/3/15 11:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6347-Distribution 6347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Atlantic coast north to the North West Territories and Alaska, south in the west to California and Utah. In Alberta it has been collected along drainages throughout the grasslands region, the parklands, foothills and mountains north into the boreal forest to the Birch Mountains." 3/20/08 14:05 3/3/15 11:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6347-GeneralDescription 6347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 2.6-3.0 cm wingspan) orange-brown or tan moth with dark streaking. The forewings are rusty and orange-buff, with a short thick black basal streak and broad dark grey-black median stripe that widens toward the margin. The veins are lined with a mix of grey and white scales. The normal spots and lines are absent, except for the black terminal line, broken at the veins. The fringe is a mix of light grey and buff scales. Hindwings buff-white near the base, suffused with grey scales on the outer two-thirds, darker toward the margin. There is a partial thin black terminal line and a buff-white fringe. Antennae simple and sexes alike." 3/20/08 14:05 3/3/15 11:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6347-Habitat 6347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "drainages, grasslands, parklands, foothills, mountains north into the boreal forest" 3/20/08 14:05 3/3/15 11:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6347-LifeCycle 6347 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is a single annual brood. The adults are nocturnal and come to light. In Alberta adults are on the wing from mid June through early September. There may be a partial second brood. 3/20/08 14:05 3/3/15 11:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6312-ConservationStatus 6312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Locally common, of no concern." 2/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6312-Cyclicity 6312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to mid July 2/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6312-Distribution 6312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to British Columbia, south to Florida, Texas and Colorado (Munroe (1976). Type Locality Texas. Reported from Area 10 (Edmonton) in Alberta by Bowman (1951). Also known in Alberta from the Buffalo Lake Conservation Area, Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, Erskine, the J.J. Collett Natural Area, Nevis, Rochon Sands Provincial Park and Winfield." 2/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6312-GeneralDescription 6312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan 16-18 mm. An easily recognized, little, dark brown moth with wide forewings, strongly arched costa, falcate apex and a white discal bar. There is a thin, black, arcuate PM line on both fore and hind wings above. The hind wing fringe is white, while it is dark on the lower half of the forewings, then white, and then black at the apex. The genitalia are described by Munroe (1976). Unlike any other Alberta micromoth." 2/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6312-Habitat 6312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Woods in the Aspen Parkland. 2/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6312-LifeCycle 6312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown 2/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6312-TrophicStrategy 6312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown 2/27/08 13:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6264-ConservationStatus 6264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon due to habitat loss from agriculture 2/15/08 11:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6264-Cyclicity 6264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to late July 2/15/08 11:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6264-Distribution 6264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from Ontario west to southern Alberta and south to Florida and Missouri (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is Pennsylvania. In Alberta, reported from Areas 8 (Red Deer) and 10 (Edmonton) by Bowman (1951). Also known from Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, Nevis and Winfield." 2/15/08 11:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6264-GeneralDescription 6264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A dark brown moth with a wide, pale yellowish PM line and a pale yellowish discal spot, on both fore and hind wings above, with a wingspan of 18-21 mm. The genitalia are described by Munroe (1976). Similar to Pyrausta orphisalis, but the latter is smaller with a wingspan of 15-17 mm, has a less curved hind wing AM line, and it also has a thin, dark line running through the upper part of the pale yellowish forewing PM line. Also similar to Pyrausta tuolumnalis, but the latter has a whitish, rather than yellowish, PM line and discal spot." 2/15/08 11:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6264-Habitat 6264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Undisturbed areas in Aspen Parkland and Mixed\nWoods. 2/15/08 11:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6264-LifeCycle 6264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Adults come to light. 2/15/08 11:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6264-TrophicStrategy 6264 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown, possibly one or more mint species" 2/15/08 11:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6265-ConservationStatus 6265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon due to habitat loss. 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6265-Cyclicity 6265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to mid August 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6265-Distribution 6265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Quebec west to British Columbia, south to Colorado, Utah, Nevada and California (Munroe 1976). Type Locality Sierra Nevada, California. In Alberta, reported from Areas 10 (Edmonton) and 20 (Nordegg) by Bowman (1951). Also known from Big Knife Provincial Park, the Buffalo Lake Conservation Area, Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, East Arrowwood Coulee, Erskine, Gull Lake, Jasper National Park, Kootenay Plains, Nevis, Rochon Sands Provincial Park and Winfield." 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6265-GeneralDescription 6265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Fore and hind wings fuscous (grey brown), faintly tinged with red or purple. A pale buff PM line is present in both fore and hind wings above. The wingspan is 20-23 mm. The genitalia are described by Munroe (1976). Unlike any other Alberta Pyraustas." 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6265-Habitat 6265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Undisturbed areas in central Alberta 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6265-LifeCycle 6265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Unknown, Adults come to light." 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6265-TrophicStrategy 6265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Unknown, The larvae may feed on one or more species of mint." 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6266-ConservationStatus 6266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Details unknown. Adults come to light. 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6266-Cyclicity 6266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to late July. 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6266-Distribution 6266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to British Columbia, south to Florida and New Mexico (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Ontario. Reported for Alberta from Areas 7 (Lloydminster), 8 (Red Deer), 10 (Edmonton) and 20 (Nordegg) by Bowman (1951) as Pyrausta ochosalis Dyar. Also known in Alberta from Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, Nevis, Pigeon Lake, and Winfield." 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6266-GeneralDescription 6266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A dark brown moth with a wide, pale yellowish, PM line and a pale yellowish discal spot on both fore and hind wings above. The upper part of the forewing PM line has a thin,dark, diagonal line running through it. The wingspan is 15-17 mm. The genitalia are described in Munroe (1976). Similar to Pyrausta generosa but somewhat smaller, and the latter has a more curved, pale yellowish, PM line on the hindwings, also the thin, dark, diagonal line is lacking in the upper part of the forewing PM line." 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6266-Habitat 6266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mainly in undisturbed areas of Aspen Parkland. 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6266-LifeCycle 6266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Details unknown. Adults come to light. 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6266-TrophicStrategy 6266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae are reported by Munroe (1976) to have fed on a number of mints, including a species of Monarda." 2/15/08 11:52 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6267-ConservationStatus 6267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. Known from only one location in Alberta. 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6267-Distribution 6267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Munroe (1976) reported the subspecies awemealis from southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The Type Locality is Aweme, Manitoba. Not reported for Alberta by Bowman (1951). Known on the basis of six specimens collected on three separate nights in Aspen Parkland in the Buffalo Lake Conservation Area, north of Stettler." 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6267-GeneralDescription 6267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A smaller moth with a wingspan around 23 mm. The ground color of the upperside of both fore and hind wings is pale yellowish white, being somewhat more yellowish in the upper part of the forewings. A pink Y is present in the outer half of the forewings, somewhat similar to the darker, purplish Y overlaid with lead colored scales that is present in Choristostigma plumbosignalis. The ground color of the fore wings in the latter is sulphur yellow, not pale yellowish white. Pyrausta scurralis was described by Hulst (1886) from Arizona and New Mexico material. The upper side of the hind wings have a wide light brown band near the margin." 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6267-Habitat 6267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Undisturbed, shrubby Aspen Parkland areas in \nassociation with aspen, silverwillow and buckbrush" 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6267-LifeCycle 6267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Early stages unknown. Adults come to light. 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6267-TrophicStrategy 6267 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. The larvae may feed on a member of the Mint Family (Labiatae). 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6268-ConservationStatus 6268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon due to habitat loss from agriculture. 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6268-Cyclicity 6268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to mid July. 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6268-Distribution 6268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from Ontario west to British Columbia, south to Texas and the Carolinas (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is simply given at North America. In Alberta, it has been reported from Areas 1 (Cypress Hills), 6 and 18 (Waterton) by Bowman (1951). It is also known from Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, the Lowden Springs Conservation Area, Nevis, Red Deer, and Taber." 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6268-GeneralDescription 6268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A pretty moth with bright pink or purplish forewings and a wingspan of 18-22 mm. The forewings above have narrow, jagged, white AM and PM lines, and there is a white discal spot. The hind wings above are light brown and have a weak PM line. The labial palps point forward. The genitalia are described in Munroe (1976)." 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6268-Habitat 6268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Areas of native Aspen Parkland and grassland\ncoulees where Monarda fistulosa occurs. 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6268-LifeCycle 6268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Details unknown. Adults come to light. 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6268-TrophicStrategy 6268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae feed on species of Monarda (Munroe 1976). Monarda fistulosa occurs in Alberta. 2/15/08 11:53 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6238-ConservationStatus 6238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "An uncommon (or uncommonly collected) species in Alberta, known from less than a dozen specimens." 2/14/08 9:59 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6238-Cyclicity 6238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Alberta specimens have been collected from mid-July to late August. 2/14/08 9:59 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6238-Distribution 6238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, ranging from at least west central Alberta south to Colorado, Utah and California. In Alberta it has been collected only in the three 3 National Parks, Waterton, Banff and Jasper." 2/14/08 9:59 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6238-GeneralDescription 6238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3 cm wingspan) pyralid moth. The forewings are dark grey, crossed by narrow black angled antemedian and postmedian lines. The median area bordering the lower part of the postmedian line is suffesed and bordered with white scales. The area between the postmedian and subterminal lines is largely filed with rust-red. The terminal area and fringe is grey. The hindwings are pale pink-ochre, crossed by a narrow dark postmedian line and with a broader terminal band." 2/14/08 9:59 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6238-Habitat 6238 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Montane meadows 2/14/08 9:59 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6380-Distribution 6380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Most common in eastern North America, from Newfoundland and central ON south to SC. It occurs west to extreme southern BC and south to CA, UT and AZ." 4/2/08 13:54 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6380-GeneralDescription 6380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approximately 4.4-4.6 cm. wingspan) long-winged dark grey moth. The forewings are uniformly grey, with faint thin black streaks, in particular a narrow black edge along the lower wing margin ending in a small black crescent and streak in the anal angle. The orbicular and reniform spot are poorly marked, and the forewing fringe is lightly checkered with grey and white scales. The hindwings are dirty white, shading to grey-brown on the outer half. Most similar to C. postera, but postera has distinct rusty red scaling along the outer half of the costa and in the anal angle area. Cucullia omissa is a darker more even purple-grey. Cucullia ""obscurior"" is paler grey than florea, and lacks any trace of purple or rust brown scaling along the costa. Poole (1995) illustrates the adults and the genitalia of both sexes, which apparently lack characters that will reliably separate florea from postera and “obscurior”." 4/2/08 13:54 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6380-Habitat 6380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It occurs in meadows and open woodlands. 4/2/08 13:54 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6380-LifeCycle 6380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "There is a single annual brood, with adults early June - late July, peaking in mid-July. Like other Cucullia species, the adults are nocturnal and come to light. Descriptions of the early stages (i.e. Crumb 1956) are suspect owing to difficulties in separating western members of the Cucullia florea-postera group. Specimens from Nova Scotia have been reared on Erigeron (Asteraceae) (Poole, 1995)." 4/2/08 13:54 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6314-ConservationStatus 6314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common, of no concern" 2/28/08 8:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6314-Cyclicity 6314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid May to mid July. 2/28/08 8:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6314-Distribution 6314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nova Scotia to southern British Columbia, south to New Jersey, Arizona and northern California (Munroe 1976). Reported from Areas 7 (Lloydminster), 10 (Edmonton), 18 (Hillcrest and Blairmore) and 20 (Nordegg) in Alberta by Bowman (1951) as Loxostege chortalis Grt. The Area 20 report, however, was based on a misdetermined specimen of Saucrobotys futilalis inconcinnalis. Also known in Alberta from Blairmore, Buffalo Lake Conservation Area, Burbank, Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, Erskine, Hillcrest, Lowden Springs Conservation Area, Nevis, Pine Lake, Rochon Sands Provincial Park and Tolman Bridge." 2/28/08 8:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6314-GeneralDescription 6314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan around 27 mm. Ground color of fore and hind wings whitish-buff with greenish-gray transverse, dentate or crenulate lines. Easily recognized." 2/28/08 8:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6314-Habitat 6314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Grassland and prairie areas 2/28/08 8:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6314-LifeCycle 6314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Described by Munroe (1976). Moths nocturnal but easily flushed (Munroe 1976). 2/28/08 8:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6314-TrophicStrategy 6314 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae on pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and probably other plants (Munroe 1976). 2/28/08 8:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6284-ConservationStatus 6284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Chrysops mitis is widespread and common. In northern New York State, it was the third most common species of deerfly over two years of collecting (White et al., 1985)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6284-Cyclicity 6284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults can be found on the wing from late May all the way in September in some places, with peak activity during June and early July (Teskey 1990)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6284-Distribution 6284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transcontinental from Alaska to Labrador, south to California in the west and West Virginia in the east (Stone et al., 1965)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6284-GeneralDescription 6284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult females are 8-11 mm long, mainly black, with patches of white pruinosity (powder) and hairs (Teskey 1990). On the head, the antennae are slender, with the first three segments yellow, the remainder black; the frons is nearly square; the clypeus is glossy black, with a shorter median pruinose stripe compared to other Chrysops; the palpi are black. The thorax is covered with mainly white hairs, with sparse black hairs and two indistinct parallel stripes on the scutum; the notopleuron has dominant black hairs; the legs are black, with paler mid and hind tarsi; the wings are infuscated moderately. The abdomen is black dorsally and ventrally, with faint median pruinose triangles on tergites 1-2 (Teskey 1990). \n\nMales are similar but even more pigmented, and they have black hairs all over except for apical abdominal segments (Teskey 1990).\n\nChrysops mitis can be difficult to distinguish from C. ater, but the wing cell cua1 is infuscated at its base in the former and is hyaline (transparent) in the latter (Teskey 1990).\n\nLarvae are cylindrical, elongate, fusiform (spindle-shaped), creamy white to pale yellow, frequently with a greenish tinge, and 16-18 mm long. They are virtually indistinguishable from the larvae of Chrysops cincticornis (Teskey 1969)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6284-Habitat 6284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A wide variety; larvae have been collected from wet moss, decaying vegetation from old beaver ponds, woodland pools, alder swamps, and cattail marshes (Teskey 1969)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6284-LifeCycle 6284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Little is known about the specific life history of C. mitis. White et al. (2000) did find that C. mitis is a strong flier, with a minimum dispersal rate of 1.2 km/hr, which was second only to Chrysops ater and well above the remainder of the deerflies. Lake and Burger (1980) discovered that C. mitis is an obligate anautogenic species, meaning that females must take a blood meal before producing their first batch of eggs; many tabanids are facultative autogenics, meaning that they can produce their first batch of eggs without a blood meal if conditions are right. Adults of C. mitis prefer to fly in the morning than the afternoon, and prefer open field habitat to the edges of wooded areas (Ossowski and Hunter, 2000). Males of C. mitis prefer to find females by waiting on shrubby vegetation at the tops of geographical summits and pursuing passing flies (Leprince et al., 1983). Eggs are laid in triple or quadruple-layered masses of about 550 eggs; the masses are about 8.8 mm in length, 3.4 mm in width, and 1.6 mm in height. The eggs themselves are dark brown to black and are about 1.5 mm in height (Iranpour et al. 2004)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6284-TrophicStrategy 6284 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nothing is known of the dietary habits of the larvae of C. mitis. The adults subsist on flower nectar principally, and also on the honeydew of aphids (Ossowski and Hunter, 2000)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6279-ConservationStatus 6279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status None needed. 2/26/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6279-Cyclicity 6279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Canada, C. discalis is found from late May to early August." 2/26/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6279-Distribution 6279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The southern portions of British Columbia east across the prairies to southern Manitoba, and south from California to Colorado and Nebraska." 2/26/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6279-GeneralDescription 6279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The most distinctive of Alberta's deerflies. Large, with a length of 8-11 mm. The females overall are pale yellow and grey with black markings. On the head (Teskey 1990) they are black above the antennae and yellow below (except for black spots on the clypeus), and covered all over with grey pruinosity (powder); the ocellar areas are glossy black; the antenna are slender, and darker laterally than dorso-ventrally; the palpi are yellow. The thorax is prominently striped with grey and black; the legs are yellow, with the joints and the apical tarsal segments darkened; the wings have a prominent fenestrated (with window-like openings) pattern. The abdomen dorsally has double rows of black spots, with the spots on tergite 2 united anteriorly; the sternites are yellow (Teskey 1990).\n\nMales are similar but are darker overall, especially on the antennae, wings, scutum, and abdomen.\n\nThe fenestrated pattern of infuscation in the wing cells (infuscation around the perimeter of the cells but not in the center) is diagnostic except for some C. fulvaster, but the antennae of the latter are always much more robust. Males of C. discalis are unique in that the eyes are not holoptic (touching) but are separated by the width of an ocellus (Teskey 1990)." 2/26/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6279-Habitat 6279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry grasslands and prairies. Larvae have been captured from the margins of alkaline lakes and sloughs (Teskey 1990). 2/26/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6279-LifeCycle 6279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Not much is known of the life history of C. discalis, despite its being known since 1919 as a vector of tularemia, a bacterial disease usually of rabbits and occasionally of humans (Cole, 1969)." 2/26/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6279-TrophicStrategy 6279 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nothing is known of the dietary habits of the larvae, nor of the adults specifically. Adult Chrysops are known to ingest flower nectar and aphid honeydew as their primary food source (Teskey 1990)." 2/26/08 13:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6224-Cyclicity 6224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity nothing is known of the habitat where it was collected in Alberta. 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6224-Distribution 6224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Plebia is a western species, found from southwestern Alberta and southern BC, south along the coast to central CA and in the mountains to northern UT and central CO. In Alberta it is known only from a single specimen collected by David Hardwick on August 12, 1961, 12 miles east of Champion. Frequents wooded and shrubby areas in the mountains; nothing is known of the habitat where it was collected in Alberta." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6224-GeneralDescription 6224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.8 cm wingspan) moth with pale yellow-brown or grey-brown forewings and light grey hindwings. The reniform, orbicular and claviform spots are filled with dark scales which also surround the spots as a dark shade, thus hili-liting the pale outline of the spots. Most similar to the variable and much more common darker grey or red-brown Xestia smithii. Te larger and more contrasting dark area arround the spots will searate the two species. See Lafontaine (1998) for structural differences separating these two species, as well as for illustrations of the adult and the genitalia of both sexes. The larvae is decribed by both Crumb (1956:111) and Lafontaine )(op. cit: 120)." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6224-Habitat 6224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in open wooded or shrubby areas. 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6224-LifeCycle 6224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The single brood flies in late summer. Larval hosts include a variety of trees and shrubs in several families including hazel, apple, cherry, raspberry, other Rubus sp., rhododendron and willow (Crumb, 1956). Found in open wooded or shrubby areas." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6224-TrophicStrategy 6224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larval hosts include a variety of trees and shrubs in several families including hazel, apple, cherry, raspberry, other Rubus sp., rhododendron and willow" 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:51 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6269-ConservationStatus 6269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Locally common, of no concern." 2/15/08 11:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6269-Cyclicity 6269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to mid-August 2/15/08 11:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6269-Distribution 6269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ontario west to British Columbia, south to Montana and Colorado (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is probably near London, Ontario. Not reported for Alberta by Bowman (1951). Known in Alberta from Big Knife Provincial Park, Buffalo Lake Conservation Area, Dry Island Provincial Park, McKenzie Crossing, Nevis, Tolman Bridge and Waterton Lakes National Park." 2/15/08 11:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6269-GeneralDescription 6269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Forewings above deep reddish, or pinkish brown with well marked purplish luster, ST band dark, complete and conspicuous. Hindwings above whitish buff with a noticeable fuscous PM line. Females tend to have somewhat darker forewings. Wingspan 22-25 mm. The genitalia are described by Munroe (1976). Similar to Pyrausta fodinalis septentrionicola but P. socialis has forewings that are more intensely colored. Also, in P. socialis the uncus is distally truncate and lateral, thorn-like processes are lacking, while in Pyrausta fodinalis septentrionicola the uncus is rounded and lateral thorn-like processes are present." 2/15/08 11:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6269-Habitat 6269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie area 2/15/08 11:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6269-LifeCycle 6269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Adults come to light 2/15/08 11:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6269-TrophicStrategy 6269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. The larvae may possibly feed on a species of mint. 2/15/08 11:54 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6270-ConservationStatus 6270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. 2/15/08 11:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6270-Cyclicity 6270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to early September. 2/15/08 11:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6270-Distribution 6270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Dry parts of southern Alberta and southern British Columbia south to Arizona and New Mexico (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is Miller's Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. In Alberta, reported from Area 7 (Lloydminster) (Bowman 1951). Also known from the South Saskatchewan River Valley, south of Bindloss." 2/15/08 11:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6270-GeneralDescription 6270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description Ground color of both fore and hind wings above fulvous brown with dull yellowish-buff PM and ST lines. Wingspan 14-18 mm. Very close to P. borealis but the wings are not as dull and it has a more southern distribution. No genitalic differences between the two are mentioned by Munroe (1976). 2/15/08 11:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6270-Habitat 6270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry prairie areas. 2/15/08 11:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6270-LifeCycle 6270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Adults come to light. 2/15/08 11:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6270-TrophicStrategy 6270 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. The larvae may possibly feed on a species of mint. 2/15/08 11:55 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6271-ConservationStatus 6271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Apparently uncommon. 2/15/08 11:56 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6271-Cyclicity 6271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Presumably June and July. 2/15/08 11:56 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6271-Distribution 6271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western Northwest Territories and the Yukon, south through British Columbia and Alberta to mountains in California and New Mexico (Munroe 1976). The Type Locality is Tuolumne Meadow, California. Not reported for Alberta by Bowman (1951). Reported from Lloydminster, Alberta by Munroe (1976), Also known in Alberta from Sundance Creek, Banff National Park; and from Gorge Creek (NFRC)." 2/15/08 11:56 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6271-GeneralDescription 6271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A dark brown moth with a wide, buff, PM line and a buff discal spot on both fore and hind wings above. The wingspan is 15-17 mm. The genitalia are described in Munroe (1976). Similar to Pyrausta orphisalis but forewing not as reddish, pale markings buff, not yellowish, patch before PM line smaller; also PM line of hindwing narrower, and buff, not yellowish. Also similar to Pyrausta generosa but the latter has a yellowish, wider, more curved hindwing PM line, and lacks the thin, dark, diagonal line in the upper part of the forewing PM line." 2/15/08 11:56 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6271-Habitat 6271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Forested areas, primarily in the mountains." 2/15/08 11:56 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6271-LifeCycle 6271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Details unknown. Adults come to light. 2/15/08 11:56 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6271-TrophicStrategy 6271 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. The larvae probably feed on one or more mint species. 2/15/08 11:56 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6328-ConservationStatus 6328 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Local; rare 3/19/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6328-Cyclicity 6328 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July. 3/19/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6328-Distribution 6328 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution ME and NS west across s. Canada to Vancouver Island; south through MT to ?? The plots for SK in Fig. 9344-3 indicate the northernmost records only. 3/19/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6328-GeneralDescription 6328 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.5 cm. ws) dark brown-black moth. “General effect blackish, mottled dull wood brown, with heavy black shading, mainly along veins. Ordinary lines obscure, except for double bars at costa; basal dash and dash near base of inner margin black, median dash obsolete; terminal area with fine black streaks on veins and bars between veins, the latter very heavy in fold; orb. thick, oblique, somewhat paler, ren. with whitish bar on outer edge. HW dull luteous and fuscous grey” (Forbes, 1954). Antennae simple; sexes similar. Male genitalia: Costal lobe of valve very large (much larger than in commoda), digitus good-sized but weak" 3/19/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6328-Habitat 6328 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Meadows and woodland edges. 3/19/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6328-TrophicStrategy 6328 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy grasses. 3/19/08 14:50 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6329-Cyclicity 6329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults in late May and June. 3/19/08 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6329-Distribution 6329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Apamea spaldingi is a western species, occurring from central Saskatchewan (Saskatoon) west to BC, south to at least Colorado and California." 3/19/08 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6329-GeneralDescription 6329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size moth (approx. 3.5 cm wingspan), light and dark grey and black, lacking any of the brown color of most Alberta Apamea. Forewings mottled grey with a prominent black basal dash and thick longitudinal median bar. Hindwings dirty white with a faint dark discal mark and with the outer third clouded with dark grey. There are few other larger black or dark grey moths that fly in the spring in Alberta." 3/19/08 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6329-Habitat 6329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta it has been collected mainly along the valleys of the grasslands region, usually in or adjacent to the more mesic wooded or shrubby riparian areas." 3/19/08 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6329-LifeCycle 6329 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Poorly known. There appears to be a single brood in Alberta, with adults in late May and June. The adults come to light." 3/19/08 14:51 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6241-Cyclicity 6241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta from mid June through early September, with the peak flight from mid July through early August." 2/14/08 10:42 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6241-Distribution 6241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in North America east of the mountains south to Florida, and from Newfoundland west to British Columbia. In Alberta commoides has been collected throughout the grasslands and parklands region north to the southern edge of the boreal forest (Edmonton) and west to the lower foothills." 2/14/08 10:42 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6241-GeneralDescription 6241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.5 cm wingspan) moth with yellow-tan forewings with dark streaks and sooty-brown hindwings. There is a narrow black basal streak extending outward to a fine black discal dot, and a slightly thicker broken one along the bottom of the wing. The veins are thinly lined with white scales. The terminal area is slightly darker and has a number of short dark streaks and a series of indistinct dots indicating the postmedian line. The hindwings and all wing fringes are dull sooty brown. The sexes are similar, with females usually a bit darker. The large size, black streaks and dark hindwings will separate commoides from other Alberta Leucania species." 2/14/08 10:42 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6241-Habitat 6241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "grasslands, parklands in boreal forest, foothills" 2/14/08 10:42 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6241-LifeCycle 6241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood; adults have been collected in Alberta from mid June through early September, with the peak flight from mid July through early August. The larval host of most Leucania, and probably commoides as well, is various species of grasses." 2/14/08 10:42 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6241-TrophicStrategy 6241 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host of most Leucania, and probably commoides as well, is various species of grasses." 2/14/08 10:42 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6242-ConservationStatus 6242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon. 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6242-Cyclicity 6242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to August. 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6242-Distribution 6242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta prairies south to Wyoming, Washington, California and New Mexico (Munroe 1976). Type Locality Colorado. Not reported from Alberta by Bowman (1951). In Alberta, known from Big Knife Provincial Park and the Red Deer River valley north of Jenner." 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6242-GeneralDescription 6242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Wingspan around 26 mm. Ground color of fore and hind wings whitish with gray areas, and checkered terminal lines. Forewings with strong yellowish-buff along costa and termen, cell patch pale buff, reniform and orbicular spots small, lunular and round respectively. Genitalia described by Munroe (1976). The strong contrasting coloration of the forewings of this species easily separates it from other Loxostege prairie species, except for L. indentalis which is larger and has less contrasting white and gray forewing markings." 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6242-Habitat 6242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairies; badlands. 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6242-LifeCycle 6242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. Crepuscular and nocturnal; comes to light. 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6242-TrophicStrategy 6242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 2/14/08 10:46 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6249-ConservationStatus 6249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Due to the widespread distribution of this species, conservation is likely not of concern." 2/14/08 11:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6249-Cyclicity 6249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Can be found flying from early April through to the end of May (Hodges 1974) with one generation occurring each year. 2/14/08 11:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6249-Distribution 6249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Occurs throughout Canada and northern United States (approximately following the 40° N parallel) (Hodges 1974). 2/14/08 11:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6249-GeneralDescription 6249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Semioscopis inornata has bluish-gray forewings that distinguish it from other brown winged Semioscopis species (Hodges 1974). The forewing of some specimens may have darker or yellow-brown scales (Hodges 1974). A black, convex band in forewing discal cell region may or may not be present (Hodges 1974). Typically, two black dots are evident in the basal forewing region and flanked posteriorly by a faint, curved line (Hodges 1974). Forewing length is between 10.5 to 15.0 mm (Hodges 1974). Female inornata have a distinctively long ductus bursae, while the male sacculus is approximately parallel to the valva costal margin (Hodges 1974)." 2/14/08 11:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6249-Habitat 6249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Encountered in deciduous, particularly aspen, and mixed wood forests (Hodges 1974). In Alberta, moths have been caught in locations bordered by the prairie and boreal plains." 2/14/08 11:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6249-LifeCycle 6249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Larvae are leafrollers and occur in June and July (Hodges 1974). Although not reported pupation likely occurs in the ground and is the overwintering life stage (Hodges 1974). 2/14/08 11:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6249-TrophicStrategy 6249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are known to feed on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), largetooth apsen (Populus grandidentata), willows (Salix spp.) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) (Prentice 1965)." 2/14/08 11:25 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6285-ConservationStatus 6285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Chrysops nigripes is fairly common across its range; McElligott and Lewis (1998) found that it was the third most common deerfly in one peatland in Labrador, and the most common deerfly in another (McElligott and Lewis, 1996b)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6285-Cyclicity 6285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults can be collected from late June through late mid August in the southern parts of its range, but only in July in the northern parts (Teskey 1990; McElligott and Lewis, 1996b)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6285-Distribution 6285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Chrysops nigripes is the only North American deerfly with a Holarctic distribution, from Scandinavia across Siberia into Alaska and northern Canada (Teskey 1990)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6285-GeneralDescription 6285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Females are 8-10 mm in length and predominantly black. On the head, the frons is slightly higher than its basal width, and the frontal callus, ocellar prominence, antennae, clypeus, and gena are black, and glossy to some degree; the clypeus has a median pruinose (powdery) stripe that extends to the oral margin; the palpi are brown (Teskey 1990). The thorax is dark with yellow hairs and indistinct submedian scutal stripes; the pleural stripes are grey pruinose; the lags are black; the wings have a strong crossband but one which does not reach the hind margin, and there is a prominent spur on wing vein R4 (Teskey 1990). The abdomen is mostly black, with lateral yellow patches on tergites 1 or 2 or both; tergites 2-7 have narrow grey posterior margins; the sternites are mostly black (Teskey 1990).\n\nThe males are similar except even darker, with more abundant black hair with reduced grey pruinosity on the thorax and less yellow on the abdominal tergites (Teskey 1990).\n\nThe wing pattern and dark coloration are unique.\n\nLarvae are cylindrical, elongate, fusiform (spindle-shaped), creamy-white, and 14-16 mm long; the respiratory siphon lacks a stigmatal spine; the presence of more than 35 acute spines on tergum 7 separate it from other Chrysops larvae (Teskey 1969)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6285-Habitat 6285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Larvae are readily collected from saturated moss on the banks of pools in tundra meadows, a common habitat throughout the north of Canada (Teskey 1969), as well as from substrate at or above the water table in a peatland (McElligott and Lewis, 1996a)." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6285-LifeCycle 6285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Little is known of the life history of C. nigripes, but McElligott and Lewis (1996b) found that, in a Labrador peatland, which is representative of the kind of northern habitat C. nigripes occupies, larvae probably take 7-8 years to develop, due to the unpredictable cold and short growing summer." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6285-TrophicStrategy 6285 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nothing is known of the dietary habits of C. nigripes; the adults, like other Chrysops spp., are presumed to subsist primarily upon flower nectar." 2/27/08 9:37 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6290-ConservationStatus 6290 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Currently unknown but specimen collection is limited which may or may not be indicative of actual population sizes. 2/27/08 9:49 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6290-Cyclicity 6290 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Collection has occurred in June, July and August (Kaila 1999)." 2/27/08 9:49 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6290-Distribution 6290 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Specimens have been collected in New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Saskatchewan (Kaila 1999) and Alberta." 2/27/08 9:49 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6290-GeneralDescription 6290 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults have lanceolate wings with an indistinct brownish fringe line (Kaila 1999). The forewing colouration is quite variable and can range from solid, light yellow to patterned gray (Kaila 1999). On the forewing, a white spot may be present in the costal forewing region and the hindwings are typically grey (Kaila 1999). Forewing length varies between 3.8 to 4.8 mm (Kaila 1999). Because this species is so varied superficially, genitalic characteristics can aid identification. Male E. maritimella is characterized by large uncus lobes which are separated by a narrow median line and a line of cornuti will be evident on the aedeagus (Kaila 1999). In the females the antrum is wine glass shaped and a membranous line can be seen in the ductus bursae (Kaila 1999)." 2/27/08 9:49 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6290-Habitat 6290 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Not reported but E. maritimella has been collected on salt coastal meadows (McDunnough 1942) and on vegetation bordering roads (Kaila 1999). 2/27/08 9:49 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6290-LifeCycle 6290 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults of related species are active during dusk and dawn periods but can occasionally be nocturnal (Kaila 1997). Adults of this genus are generally not noted as readily attracted to lights (Kaila 1997). 2/27/08 9:49 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6290-TrophicStrategy 6290 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae of related species are grass leafminers (Kaila 1997). 2/27/08 9:49 3/6/14 21:50 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6293-ConservationStatus 6293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Likely not a concern because this genus is widespread. 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6293-Cyclicity 6293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Moths have been observed flying as early as April through to September (Kaila 1997). 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6293-Distribution 6293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada E. orestella can be found in Alberta, Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland Quebec and Yukon (Kaila 1997). In the United States, specimens have been collected in Alaska, Illinois, Massachuesetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania (Kaila 1997)." 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6293-GeneralDescription 6293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elachista orestella is categorized within the nearctic E. argentella group (Kaila 1997). This group is characterized by having a smooth scaled head, slightly raised neck tufts and antennae that are approximately 2/3 the length of the forewing (Kaila 1997). The wings are lanceolate; the hindwings are grey and translucent and the forewings acute at the tip and typically white (Kaila 1997). Elachista orestella may be mistaken for E. aurocristata but can be separated by the overall size, colouration and genitalic features (Kaila 1997). With a forewing length between 3.1 to 5.7 mm, E. orestella is smaller (Kaila 1997). In E. orestella dark scales create two spots at the midpoint of the forewing and at the 2/3 of the wing at the fold (Kaila 1997). These scales are present but fainter and brownish in E. aurocristata (Kaila 1997). The aedeagus of male E. orestella is shorter than the length of the tegument and uncus combined (Kaila 1997)." 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6293-Habitat 6293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Nearctic E. argentella members live in a variety of habitats including arctic tundra, alpine meadows, wetlands and grassland prairie (Kaila 1997). In Alberta, E. orestella adults have been encountered in montane habitats." 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6293-LifeCycle 6293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Elachista adults are typically active during dusk and dawn periods can sometimes be nocturnal. The adults of this genus are not readily attracted to lights (Kaila 1997). 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6293-TrophicStrategy 6293 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Though largely unknown, larval habits of the E. argentella group are reportedly Poaceae leafminers (Kaila 1997)" 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6225-Cyclicity 6225 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity adults in Alberta from late July through August 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6225-Distribution 6225 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Across the forested parts of southern Canada, from NS west to central BC; south to NC and WI in the east, and the Canada-USA border in the west; also in the Cypress Hills. Widespread in the boreal forest, foothills and mountains of Alberta. They are found in coniferous woodlands." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6225-GeneralDescription 6225 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size moth (approx. 3.5-4.0 cm wingspan). There are two forms, one a light grey with a purple or pink tint, the other dark purple-grey. Markings consist of doubled dentate antemedian and postmedian lines, often faint or difficult to trace except for a black spot or bar where they meet the costa. The large round orbicular and the reniform spot are filled with slightly paler scales. The area in the cell basad to the orbicular and the lower part between the orbicular and reniform is black. The rest of the area between the reniform and orbicular is partially filled with reddish brown scales and the area beyond the postmedian line is also mixed with reddish-brown, although these may not be obvious. Pale forms are quite powdery and contrasting, while dark specimens appear quite even and smooth. Sexes similar, but males with bipectinate antennae, females with simple antennae." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6225-Habitat 6225 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat found in coniferous woodlands 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6225-LifeCycle 6225 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood, with adults in Alberta from late July through August. The larvae is described and illustrated in color in Duncan (2006) They overwinter as partly grown larvae. They are solitary defoliators of a variety of conifers, in particular Englemann, Black and White spruces Douglas-fir, Balsam fir, Jackpine and Lodgepole pine." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6225-TrophicStrategy 6225 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Solitary defoliators of conifers, in particular Englemann, Black and White spruces Douglas-fir, Balsam fir, Jackpine and Lodgepole pine." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6226-Cyclicity 6226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta adults are on the wing from late June through mid-August 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6226-Distribution 6226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. X. speciosa is widespread across the northern Palaearctic. In North America it is distributed across the arctic from AK west to Hudson Bay and south in the Rocky Mountains to CO. Two subspecies occur in North America; subspecies arctica Zett. occurs in northern Canada, south to the northern parts of the mountains in Alberta. In the southern Alberta mountains and southward (including Cypress Hills) and south to CO arctica is replaced by ssp. apropitia Benj., a slightly larger darker form that was described from Banff specimens. Speciosa is found in coniferous and mixedwood forest." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6226-GeneralDescription 6226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized (3.8 - 5.0 cm wingspan) narrow-bodied rather drab mottled dark and light grey moth. The dentate white subterminal line is the most prominent marking and is bordered inwardly by small black wedges. Claviform, reniform and orbicular spots white outlined and largely filled with grey scales and thus rather obscure. Hindwings light grey with a dark discal dot, faint postmedian line and narrow, dark terminal line. Antennae simple. Sexes similar. Speciosa looks blurry and lacks the crisp contrasting dark grey or black appearance of X. mixta, with which it was formerly lumped and is often confused. The male genitalia are distinct. The genitalia of both sexes are illustrated by Lafontaine (1998). In the northern end of the mountains of Alberta speciosa often has dark phenotypes, in extreme cases almost melanic." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6226-Habitat 6226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat coniferous and mixedwood forest. 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6226-LifeCycle 6226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. In Alberta adults are on the wing from late June through mid-August. The larva is described by Lafontaine (1998). Speciosa is polyphagus, and reported larval hosts include blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) (Ericaceae), Dwarf birch (Betula nana) (Betulaceae) and goldenrod (Solidago spp.) (Asteraceae) (Lafontaine, 1998)." 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6226-TrophicStrategy 6226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Speciosa is polyphagus, and reported larval hosts include blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) (Ericaceae), Dwarf birch (Betula nana) (Betulaceae) and goldenrod (Solidago spp.) (Asteraceae" 2/13/08 15:53 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6307-ConservationStatus 6307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6307-Cyclicity 6307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults collected in Alberta from mid-May to early August, but seem to be most active in June." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6307-Distribution 6307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Widespread in northern and eastern North America. It is also known from Cuba. In Alberta it has been found as far north as George Lake. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6307-GeneralDescription 6307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: 11.3-14.8mm in length. Entire dorsal surface black. Head and pronotum without hints of violet sometimes seen in C. purpuricollis frosti. Appendages black or piceous. Pronotum very distinct, transverse with widest point being slightly posterior to middle, sides almost evenly curved (C. purpuricollis frosti has sides that are much wider at base); basal margin almost straight; lateral rim very prominent in comparison to other Alberta species. In this species, pronotal punctures are quite large and shallow with very short pubescence, leaving only patches of disc smooth; basal fovea broad, irregular, not reaching centre of prothorax. Prosternum with sparse, course, shallow punctures. Microsculpture isodiametric, readily seen on pronotom and elytra. Intervals slightly convex and densely punctate; setae reddish. Adapted from Bell 1960 and Lindroth 1963." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6307-Habitat 6307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Very hydrophilus. Found in swamps and at the margins of small water bodies where vegetation is rich but incoherent (Lindroth 1963). Also taken at light. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6307-LifeCycle 6307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Have been recorded swimming both near the shores of a flooded cypress swamp and in salt marshes. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6307-TrophicStrategy 6307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory, omnivorous." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6308-ConservationStatus 6308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6308-Cyclicity 6308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Immatures have been collected in August. Adult in Alberta have been collected from mid-May to late July. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6308-Distribution 6308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Transamerican with exception of some southwestern states. Collected from the southern portion of Alberta. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6308-GeneralDescription 6308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults:10.4-11.9mm in length. Head and pronotum metallic green with pronotum often tinged with gold coloration. Pronotum relatively long and narrow in comparison to both C. lithophilus and C. nebraskensis. Also easily distinguished from C. lithophilus and C. nebraskensis as the head is smooth whereas the other species are punctate. Pronotal margins almost always sinuate. Legs, palpi, and antennal segments 1-3 yellow-brown to orange brown; antennal segments 4-11. Elytra with sides parallel, slightly convex; stria deep but narrow, with fine, close, inconspicuous puntures; intervals flat and densely punctate; microsculpture granular but fine and shiny in appearance; punctures are however, muricate, giving the surface a rough appearance. Pronotum with more strongly curved sides than C. nebraskensis; lateral margin red-brown to black. Adapted from Bell 1960." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6308-Habitat 6308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Usually at the border of small standing waters but also recorded from sphagnum bogs in the U.S. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6308-LifeCycle 6308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "A teneral specimen captured in Medicine Hat, Alberta in mid-August indicates hibernation in an adult state (Bell 1960)." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6308-TrophicStrategy 6308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory, omnivorous." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6309-ConservationStatus 6309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively uncommon. 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6309-Cyclicity 6309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late May to late June. 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6309-Distribution 6309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northern Great Plains in Alberta, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and in the dryer eastern areas of both Washington and Oregon. In Alberta, has been collected as far north as Edmonton" 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6309-GeneralDescription 6309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: 8.7-9.4mm in length. Dorsal surface usually pure black, sometimes with a slight violet hue on head and pronotum. Pronotum wider at base than at apex which help to easily distinguish it from C. niger. The basal impressions of the pronotum a moderately punctate with the rest of the base being only sparsly punctate; spare punctuation on both lateral line and median line, rest of disc with only a few scattered punctures. The second interval of the elytra tends to form irregular transverse rows of two to three punctures, with rows being separated from each other by a distance of approximately half the width of the interval. Adapted from Bell 1960 and Lindroth 1963." 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6309-Habitat 6309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Little is known but presumably found and the margins of water bodies in dense vegetation. Some Alberta individuals were collected near the North Saskatchewan River. 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6309-LifeCycle 6309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Not known. 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6309-TrophicStrategy 6309 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory, omnivorous." 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6310-ConservationStatus 6310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6310-Cyclicity 6310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults collected in Alberta from April to mid-July. 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6310-Distribution 6310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Transamerican, spanning Canadian provinces but only known from the southern parts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Colombia. In Alberta specimens have been collected as far north as Keoma." 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6310-GeneralDescription 6310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: 11.4 – 16.1 mm in length. Entire dorsal surface usually metallic green, though sometimes appears bronze and also can appear bluish when viewed obliquely; rarely with entire dorsal surface being blue. Antennae are long and slender. Pronotum is usually subquadrate, having a basal width of more than 90% of the greatest width across the pronotum; sides slightly sinuate near obtuse posterior angles; middle usually with the greatest width and with apex much narrower than the base; the lateral rim is slightly wider posteriorly and is usually somewhat translucent. Aedeagus with right paramere usually entire and obtusely pointed. Adapted from Bell 1960." 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6310-Habitat 6310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "On moderately moist, firm ground with dense vegetation of Carex and grasses. Usually close to the borders of standing or running waters." 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6310-LifeCycle 6310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In Vermont eggs and first instar larvae are abundant in June. In males, the mesotibial brush is utilized in cleaning the dilated segments of the protarsi. Adults likely over-winter. Adapted from Bell 1960, and Lindroth 1963." 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6310-TrophicStrategy 6310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Members of this species that were reared in captivity were observed to feed largely on dead or dying insects while avoiding active prey (Bell 1960). 2/27/08 11:05 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6257-Cyclicity 6257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-July to late August, most in late July." 2/14/08 11:38 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6257-Distribution 6257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland west to AK, south to northern New England and southern interior BC, and south in the mountains to CO. In Alberta it has been collected throughout the mountains, but appears to be absent from the Boreal forest region. Subspecies conditoides is found south to about Nordegg, and is replaced southward by subspecies homogena. Found in coniferous woodlands" 2/14/08 11:38 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6257-GeneralDescription 6257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-large large noctuid (wingspan approx. 4 cm). There are two subspecies, both of which occur in Alberta: the nominate subspecies is larger and light grey, ssp. conditoides (Benj.) is smaller, has a brownish tint and is more prominently marked. The forewings of homogena are marked with a short black basal dash, a black dash before the orbicular and filling the space between the orbicular and reniform spots, and a pair of black wedges in the upper subterminal area. The most prominent marking is the large pale grey orbicular spot. The reniform is boomerang-shaped and partially outlined with black scales. The hindwings are light grey brown with a grey discal mark and a narrow black terminal line. Hindwings light grey with a dark discal mark and a thin black terminal line. Antennae simple. Sexes similar. Most like fabulosa, which has more prominent dentate cross lines and with the upper side of the large orbicular spot open to the pale costa in most specimens. Specimens of fabulosa often also have pink tones not found in homogena." 2/14/08 11:38 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6257-LifeCycle 6257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light, although females are rarely collected and may be more sedentary than males. Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid-July to late August, most in late July. The larva and the larval hostplant(s) are unknown." 2/14/08 11:38 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6257-TrophicStrategy 6257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larval hostplant(s) are unknown. 2/14/08 11:38 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6259-ConservationStatus 6259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Locally common. 2/14/08 11:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6259-Cyclicity 6259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to mid September. 2/14/08 11:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6259-Distribution 6259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Originally thought to be a native species (Monroe 1947), especially as it is widespread and the females have rudimentary wings, but recent authors feel that this is an introduced European species. It was first reported in North America from Montreal in 1927 (Sheppard 1945) and by 1996 was well established in the Great Lakes area and Ohio by 1996 (Scholtens & Balogh (1996). The first Alberta collection was made in 1995 by Ernest Mengersen at Olds. Reported from numerous locations in the Aspen Parkland and Prairies of Alberta by Pohl et al. (2005) but it is also known from the southern part of the Boreal Forest." 2/14/08 11:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6259-GeneralDescription 6259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small to medium sized whitish moth (13-18 mm wingspan) with semi-transparent wings. Forewings white to light grey, costa and veins brownish; hindwings white. Somewhat similar in appearance to small caddisflies (Trichoptera) and first described as such, rather than as a moth. The females are usually wingless. Formerly called Acentria nivea (Olivier) and referred to as such in Hodges et al. (1983). Easily distinguished as there is no other moth like it in Alberta." 2/14/08 11:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6259-Habitat 6259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The larvae are found in permanent waterbodies \nwhere Water Milfoil and pondweeds occur. The adult \nmales can be found up to a kilometer or so away. 2/14/08 11:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6259-LifeCycle 6259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are subaquatic. Details of the life history are in Goater (1986) and Goater, Nuss & Speidel (2005). Adult males come to light." 2/14/08 11:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6259-TrophicStrategy 6259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The foodplants are Water Milfoil (Scholtens and Balogh 1996), pondweeds and other aquatic plants (Goater 1986; Goater, Nuss & Speidel 2005)." 2/14/08 11:45 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6260-ConservationStatus 6260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, but of no concern." 2/14/08 11:47 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6260-Cyclicity 6260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June to the end of August 2/14/08 11:47 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6260-Distribution 6260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western North American species known from Alberta and British Columbia in the north to Arizona in the south. Clifford Ferris (pers. com.) has specimens in his collection from Idaho, New Mexico, South Dakota, Washington and Wyoming. In Alberta, it was first reported (from the Red Deer and Edmonton areas) by Bowman (1951), next by Pohl et al. (2006) from the Lac La Biche area. Also known in the province from the Foothills Forest, lower areas in the mountains and the southern part of the Boreal Forest." 2/14/08 11:47 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6260-GeneralDescription 6260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A smaller moth having a wingspan of around 20 mm. The forewings above are quite pretty, being sulphur yellow with a light purplish Y overlaid with lead colored scales. The hind wings are off white in color, slightly tinged with yellow on the outer margin. The projecting labial palps are characteristic of the Pyralidae sens lat. Described by Charles Henry Fernald (1838-1921), Professor of Zoology at Massachusetts Agricultural College, in 1888 as Botis plumbosignalis on the basis of Colorado material." 2/14/08 11:47 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6260-Habitat 6260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A species of grassland coulees, the Aspen Parkland, and \nwooded areas in the Boreal Forest and the mountains." 2/14/08 11:47 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6260-LifeCycle 6260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Early stages unknown. Adults come to light. 2/14/08 11:47 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6260-TrophicStrategy 6260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown 2/14/08 11:47 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6294-ConservationStatus 6294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown but current specimen collection reports do not indicate a widespread distribution. Other species within the genus are not likely a concern. 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6294-Cyclicity 6294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been observed flying in late May through July (Kaila 1997). 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6294-Distribution 6294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Specimens have been collected in southern British Columbia and central Alberta in Canada (Kaila 1997). In the United States, collection has been restricted to Montana, Oregon and Washington (Kaila 1997)." 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6294-GeneralDescription 6294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Elachista aurocristata is categorized in the E. argentella grouping (Kaila 1997). This group is characterized by having a smooth scaled head, somewhat raised neck tufts and antennae that are approximately 2/3 the length of the forewing (Kaila 1997). The wings are lanceolate with the hindwings being grey and translucent (Kaila 1997). The forewings are acute at the tip and typically white (Kaila 1997). Elachista aurocristata is closely related to E. orestella which is also encountered in Alberta. Elachista aurocristata is larger than E. orestella with a forewing length between 4.8 – 5.5 mm (Kaila 1997). The two spots at the midpoint of the forewing and at the 2/3 of the wing at the fold are faint and brownish in E. aurocristata and dark in E. orestella (Kaila 1997). The aedeagus of male E. aurocristata is longer than the length of the tegument and uncus combined (Kaila 1997)." 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6294-Habitat 6294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "The group E. argentella live in a wide range of habitats including arctic tundra, alpine meadows, wetlands and grassland prairie (Kaila 1997). In Alberta, E. aurocristata adults have been encountered in southern boreal habitats." 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6294-LifeCycle 6294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults of closely related species are active during dusk and dawn periods but can occasionally be nocturnal (Kaila 1997). In general the adults are not readily attracted to lights (Kaila 1997). 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6294-TrophicStrategy 6294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Though largely unknown, larval habits of the E. argentella group are reportedly Poaceae leafminers (Kaila 1997)." 2/27/08 9:50 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6301-ConservationStatus 6301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6301-Cyclicity 6301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are found during mid-to late May, becoming scarce after early June in the northern Alberta." 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6301-Distribution 6301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada the distribution range is from central and Southern Alaska,Yukon, across Canada from British Columbia and Mackenzie delta to Labrador." 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6301-GeneralDescription 6301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Delia planipalpis may be distinguished from other Delia species that occurring in the field by the following combinations of characters: In males, the setae in the hind femur (anteroventral setae) do not form a basal brush as in Delia radicum, but are of similar length to the more distally situated setae and the basal half to two-thirds there is a row of short posteroventral setae.The lateral setae of the 5th sternite processes are longer than in Delia radicum and more numerous than in Delia floralis. The females are very similar to those of Delia radicum but can distinguished by the uninterrupted row of anteroventral setae." 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6301-Habitat 6301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It occurs in agriculture land as well as localities remote from cultivation. It is a pest of cruciferae crops mainly in radish and Chinese cabbage. Reported weed hosts are Descurainia richardsonii (Sweet) Schultz (Brooks 1951) and Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. ( Kelleher 1958). As cited by Griffiths, during 1985 heavy root maggot infestation occurred in fields of rapeseed canola at Berwyn in the Peace River region." 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6301-LifeCycle 6301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Appears to be one to two generations a year in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. In Manitoba as cited by Kelleher (1958) a second generation of adults which starts to oviposit in mid July or early August. The female lay their eggs close to the host plants. Hatching takes 1-3 weeks, and larvae feed on roots. After five to six weeks the larvae are fully developed and pupariate in the soil, where they overwinter in the case of one generation a year or continue the cycle to get the second generation" 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6301-TrophicStrategy 6301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae of Delia planipalpis feed on roots of host plants. 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6115-Cyclicity 6115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "emerges in fall, from late August through mid November (!)), and hibernates as an adult before re-appearing in spring, around the first of May in Alberta" 6/21/07 14:13 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6115-Distribution 6115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Nupera occurs in Canada from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island. In Alberta it is widespread in the parklands, extending west to the edge of the mountains (Nordegg) and south well into the arid grasslands region. It appears to be absent from all but the southern fringe of the Boreal forest region." 6/21/07 14:13 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6115-Habitat 6115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "southern fringe of the Boreal forest region; wide range of open vegetated habitats such as meadows and gardens, less commonly in open woodland" 6/21/07 14:13 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6115-LifeCycle 6115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Like all Xylena and most Xylenini, nupera emerges in fall, from late August through mid November (!)), and hibernates as an adult before re-appearing in spring, around the first of May in Alberta. They occur in a wide range of open vegetated habitats such as meadows and gardens, less commonly in open woodland. Adults come to both light and sugar baits, but like Catocala moths are probably more common at bait. Larvae are generalists, feeding on a variety of forbs, herbs and gramminoids, also on the leaves of some trees or shrubs (i.e. willow, cherry). There is a single brood." 6/21/07 14:13 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6115-TrophicStrategy 6115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are generalists, feeding on a variety of forbs, herbs and gramminoids, also on the leaves of some trees or shrubs (i.e. willow, cherry)." 6/21/07 14:13 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6074-Cyclicity 6074 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight is seen from late June - August 6/21/07 13:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6074-Distribution 6074 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Ontario east to south central BC, south to ? In addition to the locations plotted on the accompanying map, stabilis is reported to occur throughout MT (Cook, 1930)." 6/21/07 13:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6074-GeneralDescription 6074 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-small (2.7-3.0 cm. ws) somewhat shiny dark reddish brown moth with no significant wing markings. The curved PM line and the veins on the outer third of the FW are very faintly marked in darker scales in most specimens. Normal spots obsolete. The HW is similar but slightly paler and less reddish. The collar has grey tipped scales, resulting in a pale grey collar contrasting with the darker thoracic scaling. Antennae simple. Sexes similar. Similar in appearance to dark specimens of Lacinipolia meditata, but can be separated by the contrasting pale collar of stabilis." 6/21/07 13:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6074-Habitat 6074 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Open hardwood forests and edges 6/21/07 13:54 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6349-Distribution 6349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Euxoa infausta is found from southern SK to Vancouver Island, and from the Northwest Territories south to northern UT and NV and southern CA." 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6349-GeneralDescription 6349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size, dark dull brown Euxoa. Infausta belongs to a group of 8 species in the infausta group; the good news is that only one other member of the group (E. satiens) is known from AB. The aridland form found in southern AB can be recognized by the even buff-brown or pale grey-brown FW. In forested habitats including the foothills, it is a darker brown with a mottled FW. The HW is almost as dark. See Lafontaine (197) for a key to the infausta group." 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6349-Habitat 6349 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta it has been collected in the mountains and foothills, as well as in the arid shortgrass prairie region." 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5999-Cyclicity 5999 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from late March through late May; peak flight in mid April. 4/16/07 11:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5999-Distribution 5999 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Newfoundland to Vancouver Island; north to the Northwest Territories and south to Texas, New Mexico Arizona and California. Orthosia hibisci occurs throughout most or all of the wooded parts of Alberta, including the wooded valleys in the arid grasslands region." 4/16/07 11:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5999-GeneralDescription 5999 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (3.0-3.8 cm wingspan) noctuid moth. In color they range from pale buff-grey to dark red-brown, with dull grey-brown forms predominating. Forewing pattern is also highly variable, from almost non-patterned to strongly banded forms; most specimens have a prominent reniform with a dark-filled lower half. A diffuse dark band usually runs from the costa through the lower half of the reniform before angling inward to the lower margin. The subterminal line is usually visible as a narrow pale line. The hindwings are dull grey or grey brown with a dark discal mark and often have dark scaling along veins. The fringe is pale. \nVery similar to some specimens of Orthosia rivicta, which appears about two weeks later than hibisci, but with much of the flight period overlapping. In general revicta is a more attractive moth, frequently with areas of clear blue-grey or red-brown over a grey or buff pattern. The subterminal line is usually more contrasting and prominent than in hibisci, usually is marked with a series of blackish spots or an orange brown-line bordering the pale yellow one. The forewings of revicta are more squared in shape, rounded in hibisci. Doubtful specimens of the two species may be identified by the genitalia, which differ greatly in the two species. Color images of the larvae are available from a number of sites on the web." 4/16/07 11:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5999-Habitat 5999 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woodlands, urban parks and gardens." 4/16/07 11:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 5999-LifeCycle 5999 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults of the single annual brood emerge in late March and April. There is a single brood each year. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The preferred host in the prairie provinces is apparently trembling aspen, but willows, cottonwoods and white birch are also favored hosts. Larvae have been collected from a wide variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, and to a lesser extent on coniferous trees (Prentice, 1962)." 4/16/07 11:45 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6167-Distribution 6167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Holarctic. Great Britain and Scandinavia east to Japan. In North America from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island and AK, south in the east to about NJ and in the west to CO. Testata has been collected throughout most of Alberta, from the far north to wooded riparian areas in the southern grasslands, although most records come from mountains and parklands in the southern half of the province." 2/13/08 14:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6167-GeneralDescription 6167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (approx. 3.0 –3.5 cm wingspan) rusty-orange moth with broad pointed (subfalcate) forewings. “Light ochre yellow, heavily shaded and dusted with rusty orange; the lines (sometimes only the upper half of pm. and dash to apex) defined with white scaling, and costal part of st. space partly frosted with white. Lines about as in propulsata, less deeply waved; hind wing with dark border and traces of a nearly complete pm. line parallel to it.” (Forbes, 1948). Testata has a somewhat glossy appearance that, along with the white scaling on the apical dash and outside the upper pm. line, will separate it from E. propulsata." 2/13/08 14:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6167-Habitat 6167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It frequents mesic deciduous wooded habitats. 2/13/08 14:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6167-LifeCycle 6167 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, with adults mid July through mid September, peaking in mid August. Reported larval hosts include poplar, birch, alder, willow, Ribes sp., and Vaccinium. FIDS host plant records for Alberta are predominantly willow (22), and to a lesser extent aspen poplar (7) and alder (1) (Prentice, 1963)." 2/13/08 14:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6170-Distribution 6170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extreme southwestern Alberta west to Vancouver Island, north to Alaska and south to California." 2/13/08 14:38 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6170-GeneralDescription 6170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small (1.7-2.5 cm wingspan) broad-winged flimsy moth. Females larger than males. Ground white, crossed by many fine wavy parallel dark brown and reddish-brown lines. Wide subterminal band composed of closely aligned lines, divided laterally midway by a pale patch. A prominent red-brown discal bar on forewing. Hindwings paler, with less banding. The pale color, pattern and in particular the prominent red-brown discal bar will separate graefi from other western Alberta Eupithecia. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated in Bolte (1990)." 2/13/08 14:38 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6170-Habitat 6170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in and adjacent to wooded areas. 2/13/08 14:38 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6170-LifeCycle 6170 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are crepuscular or nocturnal and come to light. Probably single brooded in Alberta, double brooded further west. Reported hosts include Arbutus and Gaylussacia; occasionally Thuja and Pseudotsuga - the later two possibly in error (Prentice, 1963; McGuffin, 1958). Alberta adults have been collected in early July." 2/13/08 14:38 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6302-ConservationStatus 6302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6302-Cyclicity 6302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are found during early-to late June in the northern Alberta. 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6302-Distribution 6302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is native to Western North America. The known range extends from subarctic localities ( Firth river, Yukon Territory; Reindeer Depot, North western Territories) to Colorado and California (Huckett 1965)." 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6302-GeneralDescription 6302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Delia floralis may be distinguished from other Delia species occurring in the field by the following combinations of characters: In males, in the hind femur, the long setae (anteroventral setae) commences close to the base and there are no posteroventral setae except at the base and the tip. The 5th sternite processes have 3-4 outstandingly long pairs of outer lateral setae. In females, the hind femora have an uninterrupted row of anteroventral setae but lack posteroventral setae on basal half." 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6302-Habitat 6302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It occurs mainly in agriculture land infesting Cruciferae crops. The main cultivated hosts in the Canadian Prairie Provinces are turnip, rutabaga, cauliflower, cabbage and rapeseed canola varieties. Strickland (1938) reported that in 1929 this species destroyed a large areas of stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) in the Peace River Region of northern Alberta." 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6302-LifeCycle 6302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Appears to be one generation a year in the Prairie provinces of Canada. Females lay their eggs close to the host plants normally in large batches. Hatching takes 1-3 weeks, and larvae feed on roots. After five to six weeks the larvae are fully developed and pupariate in the soil, where they overwinter." 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6302-TrophicStrategy 6302 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae of Delia floralis feed on roots of host plants. 2/27/08 10:04 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6303-ConservationStatus 6303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6303-Cyclicity 6303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are found early in the spring. 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6303-Distribution 6303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Cosmopolitan (occurring in all biogeographic regions except Antarctica) as cited by Griffiths (1997). 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6303-GeneralDescription 6303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Delia platura may be distinguished from other Delia species occurring in the field by the following combinations of characters: In males, in the hind femur, only around 3-5 posteroventral setae are present. In females, common arrangement of mid-tibial setae, though may be any combination of 1-2anterodorsal, (1- ) 2posterodorsal and 2(-3) posteroventral setae." 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6303-Habitat 6303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occurs in all the vegetable-growing areas. In cool wet seasons damage may be widespread. 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6303-LifeCycle 6303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Appears to be two to three generation a year in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. Eggs are laid in the soil near germinating seeds or where there is an abundance of decaying vegetative matter. They hatch at temperatures as low as 10˚C. The larvae is extremely polyphagous attacking a wide range of host plants that include bean,corn,melon,maize,etc. After about one to two weeks, the larvae are fully developed and pupariate in the soil. Metamorphosis in the puparium lasts 1-2 weeks .Upon completion of two to three generations it over winters in puparium." 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6303-TrophicStrategy 6303 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae is extremely polyphagous attacking a wide range of host plants especially previously damaged roots as well as on sprouting seedlings. 2/27/08 10:04 3/6/14 21:52 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6305-ConservationStatus 6305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6305-Cyclicity 6305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity In Alberta this species has been collected from late May to early September. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6305-Distribution 6305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Transamerican; in Alberta specimens have been collected as far north as Calling Lake. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6305-GeneralDescription 6305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: 8.0-9.5mm in length which helps to distinguish them from C. sericeus sericeus. Entire dorsal surface usually bright metallic green but sometimes with a bluish hue, elytra subopaque; appendages rufo-testaceous, antennae infuscated frm the fourth segment. With the exception of the center of the frons, the head is coarsely punctate and pubescent. Antennal segment widening apicad, almost conical in appearance, especially near base. Microsculpture absent on head which also. aids to distinguish them from individuals of C. sericeus sericeus. Microsculpture of the prothorax is irregularly isodiametric and elytra are strongly granulate. Penis is short with a blunt apex. Adapted from Lindroth 1963." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6305-Habitat 6305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Usually close to the borders of rivers, small pools and slough-like areas with rich surrounding vegetation. Commonly associated with C. sericeus sericeus (Forester) but also found on soft mud (Lindroth 1963)." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6305-LifeCycle 6305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Bell (1960) dissected a female specimen collected in mid-June from Ithaca, New York. This specimen was found to have mature eggs inside it indicating that adults probably lay eggs in late June. Adults likely over-winter." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6305-TrophicStrategy 6305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Presumably omnivorous. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:56 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6350-Distribution 6350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Dry habitats from southern SK to southern BC, south to NM, southern UT and NV. In Alberta it has recently been collected at Writing-on-Stone P. Pk. Bowman reported this species from Edmonton, but it's occurrence this far north needs confirming." 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6350-GeneralDescription 6350 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium size (FW length 14-17 mm.) brownish Euxoa. It can be mistaken for either E. misturata or teleboa. The FW is a yellow-buff, yellow-grey or grey-orange, with markings indistinct. The HW is white. Mitis can be separated from teleboa by the lack of a prominent median line. They can be separated from misturata by the more even FW color, the paler and more obscure spots and the more prominent biserrate antennae. Male genitalia of mitis have a thin saccular extension less than ½ the length of the harpe and thinner; the harpe is somewhat s-shaped and bending dorsally apically. The female genitalia the dorsal edges of the ovipositor lobes spread apart posteriorly and form a v-shaped gap that extends to the middle of the dorsal margin. See Lafontaine 1987 for illustrations and more details." 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6351-ConservationStatus 6351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread but uncommon. 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6351-Cyclicity 6351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity late June though early August 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6351-Distribution 6351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Central AB across southern BC, south to central AZ and NM, east to the Black Hills of SD." 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6351-GeneralDescription 6351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size to large Euxoa (FW length 1.4-1.8 cm.) with FW yellow-brown or buff-brown with a rather prominent narrow black median band. The other lines are all present, with the AM and PM lines doubled and filled with paler scales. HW darker brown with a pale fringe. Female genitalia bisaccate and the ovipositor lobes without flanges and covered with small conical setae apically; male with short saccular extensions curving away from the cucullus. The median band on the FW and the dark HW will usually identify this species." 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6351-Habitat 6351 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry woodlands including coniferous forest, poplar groves and wooded areas in valleys on the plains." 3/20/08 15:04 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6352-ConservationStatus 6352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status An abundant moth. 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6352-Cyclicity 6352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from mid July through late September. 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6352-Distribution 6352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The complex occurs from eastern Alaska to the Maritimes, south long both coasts and into northern Mexico. It is most abundant in the open grasslands of the Great Plains and Great Basin." 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6352-GeneralDescription 6352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Feltia jaculifera is a complex of probably six or more sibling species, at least two of which occur in Alberta. Recent work (Byers et al,1990) has shown that two morphologically indistinguishable pheromonal phenotypes occur throughout the prairie provinces. They concluded that the pheromone system of this complex is rather plastic, resulting in a mosaic of pheromone types (sibling species) that appear to be reproductively isolated but have not differentiated morphologically. These cannot by separated to species using normal means. In spite of extensive studies ""jaculifera"" is still best treated as a single ""species"". Feltia jaculifera is a medium-size moth (3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) with dark forewings broken up by a pattern of pale longitudinal streaks and spots. There is a long thick black basal dash, which includes the claviform spot and is crossed by two narrow lines in the basal half. A pale median streak curves down at the anal and angle to meet the one running along the lower margin of the wing. The costa is also pale, and linked to the top of the pale reniform mad orbicular spots. The subterminal line is a series of pale streaks following the veins. The hindwings vary from white with light fuscous shading along the margin to mostly fuscous, but are usually dirty white with a broad diffuse darker margin. In Alberta most likely to be confused only with Feltia herilis (Grt.), which is darker and has a less complex and contrasting pattern." 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6352-Habitat 6352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open habitats, in particular native grasslands; also riparian edges, meadows, and other open areas." 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6352-LifeCycle 6352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are mainly nocturnal and come to light, but in arid grasslands areas can be found nectaring and resting on composite flowers during the afternoon and evening as well. There is a single annual brood. Females will apparently only oviposit in flower heads, in particular those of the Asteraceae. Young larvae may have specific feeding requirements, but later instars are apparently rather general feeders on a variety of herbs and forbs. They overwinter as partially grown (third and fourth instar) larvae. The larvae and life history are described in detail in Lafontaine, 2004." 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6352-TrophicStrategy 6352 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy A wide variety of herbs including garden and field crops. See Lafontaine 2004 for references and problems with the published host information. 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6180-Distribution 6180 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A widespread distribution, from the Canadian maritime provinces west to BC, south throughout much of the USA. In Alberta it is found throughout the Parklands and lower areas of the mountains, but appears to be absent in the arid Grasslands and Boreal forest areas." 2/13/08 14:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6180-GeneralDescription 6180 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.5-4.5 cm wingspan) moth with yellow-tan forewings and white hindwings. The forewings have a long thin black basal streak extending to a mall black discal dot, and bordered on the upper side by a white line. The veins are all lined with white and the spaces between are filled with narrow parallel yellow brown and darker brown lines. Darker scaling also forms a streak from the discal dot to just below the apex, and another, broken streak just above and parallel to the lower margin. The normal lines are reduced to two or three black dots indicating the postmedian line. The hindwings are pearly white shading to a narrow dark margin, with whitish fringe. Antennae simple and sexes similar. The collar is crossed by three gray lines. The combination of dark streaks on the forewing and white hindwings will identify multilinea." 2/13/08 14:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6180-Habitat 6180 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It frequents mesic grasslands and meadows, hayfields, roadsides and other open grassy habitats." 2/13/08 14:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6180-LifeCycle 6180 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood, with adults from early June to early August, peaking in mid July." 2/13/08 14:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6180-TrophicStrategy 6180 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on meadow gasses, including Brome, Orchard and Quack grass (Covell, 1984)." 2/13/08 14:46 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6200-Cyclicity 6200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in July. 2/13/08 14:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6200-Distribution 6200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread in western North America, east at least across the Prairie Provinces, and south to California and Arizona. In Alberta it has been collected mainly in the foothills and parklands, but likely occurs throughout the wooded parts of the province, wherever hardwoods are present. It has been recorded in adjacent Saskatchewan in both the arid Grasslands National Park area and at Uranium City." 2/13/08 14:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6200-GeneralDescription 6200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large clearwing borer moth (wingspan about 3 cm). The body is bright yellow banded with black. The wings are unscaled and translucent except for the fringes and veins, which are lined with brown scales. The male antennae are finely bipectinate. Sexes similar. A near perfect mimic of yellow-jacket wasps. Unmistakable." 2/13/08 14:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6200-Habitat 6200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It is found associated with mature poplars and willows. 2/13/08 14:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6200-LifeCycle 6200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are borers in the stems and roots of the hosts. The life-cycle requires two years to complete, with the moth overwintering twice in the larval stage. They pupate in the spring of the third year, and emerge shortly thereafter. The adults are diurnal, but are rarely seen." 2/13/08 14:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6200-TrophicStrategy 6200 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larval host is species of poplar, and to a lesser extent willows. They appear to prefer stressed of damaged host trees." 2/13/08 14:57 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6201-ConservationStatus 6201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Apparently uncommon and local and at the western edge of their range in central Alberta. 2/13/08 14:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6201-Cyclicity 6201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta in early July. 2/13/08 14:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6201-Distribution 6201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Primarily an eastern species, occuring from Nova Scotia and Maine west to eastern Nebraska and south central Alberta, where they have been collected in the Red Deer River valley east of Trochu." 2/13/08 14:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6201-Habitat 6201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Wet meadows, wetland edges and swampy areas with willow." 2/13/08 14:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6201-LifeCycle 6201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults are diurnal. Larvae bore in branches, canes and exposed roots of low growing willow. There is a single brood each year." 2/13/08 14:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6201-TrophicStrategy 6201 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Low growing willows (Salix species). 2/13/08 14:58 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6214-Cyclicity 6214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity There is a single annual brood with adults collected in Alberta in late June and late July. Nothing is known of the early stages. 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6214-Distribution 6214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western species, ranging east to extreme western Alberta, where it is known only from the Lake Louise area in Banff National Park and the Crowsnest Pass. It frequents open wooded areas." 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6214-GeneralDescription 6214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Another medium-size (approx. 2.8 cm wingspan) mottled grey Xanthorhoe species with a darker grey forewing median band, widest and darkest on the upper half. It is similar to incursata, ramaria, fossaria, and delectaria species, and cannot be reliably separated from incursata and delectaria without examining the genitalia." 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6214-Habitat 6214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat It frequents open wooded areas. 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6214-LifeCycle 6214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single annual brood with adults collected in Alberta in late June and late July. Nothing is known of the early stages or larval host. 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6214-TrophicStrategy 6214 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Nothing is known about the larval host. 2/13/08 15:07 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6306-ConservationStatus 6306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Relatively common. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6306-Cyclicity 6306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity U.S. material (mostly from Texas) shows adults being collected from June to August. One Alberta specimen was collected in July. 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6306-Distribution 6306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Great Plains and Great Basin Regions, from the Mexican Border to southern Alberta." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6306-GeneralDescription 6306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults: 9.7-12.1mm in length. Known to have four color phases throughout its range: A green phase, with metallic green head, pronotom, and elytra; a blue phase, with dorsal surface blue; a weakly bicolored phase, with head and pronotum metallic green and elytra blue-green and a strongly bicolored phase which has a metallic green head and pronotum and elytra that are dark blue, violet, or blue-black. Alberta specimens are mostly green phase but occasionally of the weakly bicolored variety. Elytral epipleurae are entirely black and the ventral surface of this species is also entirely black. Appendages are entirely brown-orange and antennal segments 1-3 are slightly lighter than segments 4-11. Labrum truncate to slightly emarginate; pronotom transverse, widest at middle; lateral margin not sinuate. Elytral disc slightly convex; striae moderately fine, with fine, close punctation; intervals are flat and densely punctate. Micro sculpture is granular and fairly prominent. Adapted from Bell 1960." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6306-Habitat 6306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Have been collected in the Cypress Hills, Sask., from a Carex marsh with a firm bottom." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6306-LifeCycle 6306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults likely over-winter 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6306-TrophicStrategy 6306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Predatory, omnivorous." 2/27/08 11:04 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6387-ConservationStatus 6387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Widespread and fairly common. 4/3/08 8:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6387-Cyclicity 6387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June through early September. 4/3/08 8:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6387-Distribution 6387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Eurasia and temperate North America. In NA, from Lab and NJ west across southern Canada to the Pacific." 4/3/08 8:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6387-GeneralDescription 6387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A rather large moth (5.5 - 6.5 cm. ws) with grey and black FW. The normal noctuid pattern is well marked, the lines doubled. The AM and PM lines are bordered in white, and the claviform and orbicular clearly marked with pale scales. Reniform large, but not contrasting strongly with the ground. Median and terminal areas darker. HW sooty gray-black, fringe white and contrasting sharply. Antennae simple. Sexes similar. Can be separated from Eurois nigra by the black HW with white fringe, and from Eurois astricta by the grey and black instead of brown FW." 4/3/08 8:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6387-Habitat 6387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Woodlands and edges. 4/3/08 8:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6387-TrophicStrategy 6387 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A variety of trees, shrubs and herbs. In North America Tamarack, Trembling aspen, alder and willow have been reported, with Tamarack listed as the major host (Prentice et al, 1962)! European records include alder, willow, Ribes, Rose, Lathyrus, Chamaenerion, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. uliginosum, and Thymus." 4/3/08 8:49 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6388-Distribution 6388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Maritimes south to Virginia, west to BC and California. It occurs throughout most of Alberta, with the exception of the mountains and most of the foothills." 4/3/08 11:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6388-GeneralDescription 6388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.5-4.0 cm wingspan) dark red-brown moth. There are two forms. The ""normal"" form has dark red-brown forewings, with a broad contrasting lighter yellow-brown subterminal band. The normal lines and spots are poorly defined, except for the orbicular which is outlined in lighter brown and the prominent narrow boomerang-shaped reniform, which in outlined and partly filled with bright white. The white scales frequently run along the veins, connecting the lower end with the pale subterminal band. Form atra has almost completely dark brown, almost black, forewings, unmarked except for the white or pale yellow reniform. The normal pattern is visible only with close scrutiny. The hindwings in both forms are lighter sooty brown. Antennae are simple and the sexes are similar. Specimens of form atra are very easy to mistake for darker specimens of Apamea cogitata. Apamea cogitata shows no trace of the short black basal streak, faint claviform spot and antemedian and postmedian lines that can barely be made out in atra." 4/3/08 11:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6388-Habitat 6388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Mesic meadows and woodlands; wooded riparian areas. 4/3/08 11:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6388-LifeCycle 6388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults are nocturnal and come to light. There is a single brood annually, with adults flying in late summer and early fall. The larvae are borers in the stems of monocots, in particular sedges (Carex sp.). Reported to sometimes damage young corn in Ohio. They overwinter in the egg stage." 4/3/08 11:09 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6353-ConservationStatus 6353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status A fairly common widespread species; no concerns. 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6353-Cyclicity 6353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from early July through early August. 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6353-Distribution 6353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern Yukon west to Newfoundland, in the west south in the mountains to northern New Mexico. In Alberta it occurs throughout the boreal forest and mountains; it also occurs in wooded and shrubby areas of the badlands along the full length of the Red Deer River." 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6353-GeneralDescription 6353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size rather broad-winged (3.5- 3.7 cm wingspan) grey or brown-grey moth with fuscous hindwings. Females tend to be darker than males. The antemedian, postmedian and subterminal lines and the large orbicular and reniform spots are light grey and stand out against the darker grey ground. The area between the upper antemedian line and the orbicular spot and the area between the orbicular and reniform spots is sharply contrasting black. Overall the scaling is smooth and even and results in n attractive if not colorful moth." 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6353-Habitat 6353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Dry boreal and montane woodland; shrubby and wooded badlands. 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6353-LifeCycle 6353 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. The early stages are unknown. 3/20/08 15:05 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6354-Distribution 6354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Northeastern USA, south to Maryland and Ohio, north to Newfoundland and west across the boreal forest to coastal BC, but replaced in the lower mainland and Vancouver Island by F. deceptiva. Open dots on the map are literature records only (Prentice, 1962)." 3/20/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6354-GeneralDescription 6354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (approx. 3.0 – 3.2 cm. wingspan) olive green moth with black and white lines and spots. The antemedian and postmedian lines are very erratic, black lined with white scales. The orbicular and reniform spots are prominent, white with green filling and partially ringed with black. The fringes are checkered green, black and white. The hindwings are light black, with some pale scaling along the upper edge and a pale fringe. Sexes are similar, but males have narrowly bipectinate antenna, females simple. Feralia jocosa can usually be separated from other Alberta Feralia by the combination of small size, dark hindwings, and the lack of blocks or large patches of black scales on the forewings. Occasional specimens have some or all the olive green replaced with yellow-brown. Adults and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated by Poole (1995)." 3/20/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6354-Habitat 6354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "In Alberta it occurs in coniferous and mixedwood forest throughout the boreal forest, foothills and mountains." 3/20/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 6354-LifeCycle 6354 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Feralia jocosa is single-brooded, with adults in spring (late April through mid June). They lay eggs which hatch about the time the conifer buds are emerging, and most of their development occurs from the time the bud scales drop to the time the new needles have hardened, a period of 6 weeks or less. The adults develop in the pupa prior to winter, prepared to emerge early in the spring. The larvae are described and illustrated in color by Duncan (2006)." 3/20/08 15:06 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30384-ConservationStatus 30384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30384-Cyclicity 30384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Univoltine in Late June to late July in Alberta, as early as late May and bivoltine in more southern areas. (Chapman & Lienk 1971)" 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30384-Distribution 30384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Arizona, Texas, and Louisiana." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30384-GeneralDescription 30384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing varies from light to dark brown with prominent dark brown markings. The basal, median and upper postmedian lines are distinct and sharply defined with pale edging. The hindwing is white, often with the lower half grey.\nThe larva is green with a green or brown thoracic shield and head. Distinct spots may be present on the lateral parts of the thoracic shield." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30384-Habitat 30384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous forests and shrubby areas. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30384-LifeCycle 30384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Eggs are laid in flattened bunches on foliage and can be difficult to locate due to their green colouration. It overwinters as a mature larva in a small hibernaculum. It resumes feeding in the springtime at budburst and pupates in the foliage. (Chapman 1973; Chapman & Lienk 1971) 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30384-TrophicStrategy 30384 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larva feeds on a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs. (Chapman & Lienk 1971) 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:04 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26447-ConservationStatus 26447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26447-Cyclicity 26447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Can be found at any time of the year. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26447-Distribution 26447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Worldwide. Reported from Area 10 (Edmonton) in Alberta by Bowman (1951). This moth has undoubtedly been found in many homes in Alberta. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26447-GeneralDescription 26447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small Pyralid with beak-like, porrect palpi and elongated wings having a span of around 15 mm. The basal half of the forewings are light grayish-tan, greenish when fresh, and an outer half that is dull reddish-brown and contains faint, irregular lead-colored lines. The hindwings are grayish-white. The pale-based forewings and habitat make this species easy to identify. Pyralis farinalis, the Meal Moth, also a household pest, lacks the pale-based forewings." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26447-Habitat 26447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Areas where stored food or grain are located. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26447-LifeCycle 26447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae are wax-like, pale yellow with russet head and shields (Forbes 1923), amongst a silken web which becomes contaminated with frass; pupae in a silken cocoon (Goater 1986). Once an infestation is discovered, the effected food source should be discarded and the area cleaned up. Freezing food products suspected of containing larvae is a good idea." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26447-TrophicStrategy 26447 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "A major pest of stored grains and grain products such as flour or cornmeal (Covell 1984, Goater 1986)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27668-ConservationStatus 27668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Rare in Alberta, known from only two collections." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27668-Cyclicity 27668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity May and July. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27668-Distribution 27668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Described from Arizona by Hulst (1886) as Schoenobius opalescalis. Also known from California (Fernald 1896) and Illinois. Reported from Area 1 (extreme Southeast) in Alberta by Bowman (1951). Recently collected from the Pakowki Lake dunes from a site that had both stabilized vegetated sand and active dune blowouts, by G.G. Anweiler on May 19, 2005." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27668-GeneralDescription 27668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "An unusual Crambid with long, narrow fore wings and a wingspan of around 30 mm. The fore wings are ashy-gray (cinereous) with numerous white scales between the veins, have a small elongate stigma in the outer third and a rounded apex; while the hind wings are opalescent and triangular. AM, PM and ST lines are lacking in the forewings above. The palpi are porrect and about three times the length of the head. The fringe is well developed and of the same color as the wings. The head and thorax are cinereous while the abdomen is fuscous. Unlike any other Alberta Crambid. This species is regarded as belonging to the tribe Ancylolomiini, subfamily Crambinae of the family Crambidae." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27668-Habitat 27668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, sandy areas." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27668-LifeCycle 27668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27668-TrophicStrategy 27668 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24222-ConservationStatus 24222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common and of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24222-Cyclicity 24222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "April to October, the early individuals being worn and these appear to have come up from the south." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24222-Distribution 24222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Munroe (1973) divided the genus Nomophila into 12 distinct species of which one, Nomophila nearctica, was limited to North America (Goater 1986). Common to abundant in eastern North America, sometimes migrating to the far north (Covell 1984), also widespread in western North America. Reported from Areas 7 (Lloydminster), 10 (Edmonton) and 20 (Nordegg) in Alberta by Bowman (1951) as Nomophila noctuella Dyar." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24222-GeneralDescription 24222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large Pyralid with narrow, dark brown forewings and light brown hindwings. The orbicular, reniform and claviform areas are dark while the subterminal space is strigose. The wingspan ranges from 24-35 mm. The size, short labial palps, dark brown forewings with dark areas, and strigose subterminal area make this species easy to identify." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24222-Habitat 24222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Widespread. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24222-LifeCycle 24222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Adults are diurnal and come to light at night. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24222-TrophicStrategy 24222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed on a wide variety of plants, including grasses, Polygonum and sweet clover (Covell 1984)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24341-Cyclicity 24341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The single specimen was collected on August 17. (Obraztsov 1962) 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24341-Distribution 24341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Only known from the single holotype specimen from Mt. Piran, Alberta. (Obraztsov 1962)" 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24341-GeneralDescription 24341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The forewing is light grey with obscure darker grey bands in the basal and median areas and a partial one that is triangular from the subterminal area of the costa to the middle of the outer margin. The hindwing is pale grey with a fine white line at the base of the fringe. (Obraztsov 1962) 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24341-Habitat 24341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Probably subalpine or alpine. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24064-ConservationStatus 24064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Never common and perhaps restricted to areas of natural prairie. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24064-Cyclicity 24064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid June to early July. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24064-Distribution 24064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A western North American species known from Manitoba west to British Columbia and south to Colorado and California (Heinrich 1956). Reported from Areas 7, 10, 18 and 20 in Alberta by Bowman (1951) as Dioryctria actualis Hlst. Reported from Calgary by Neunzig (2003). There are specimens in UASM from Hillcrest and Edmonton. Additional collections have been at Buffalo Lake, Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park, East Arrowwood Coulee and Nevis." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24064-GeneralDescription 24064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A large, dark brown Pyralid with a wingspan of 24-28 mm. The forewings have a blotchy AM line and a sinuous PM line; the basal and median areas are ashy fuscous, while the subterminal area is strigose fuscous; and there are two black discal dots. The hindwings are a uniform reddish brown. The fringe is light reddish brown. The genitalia are illustrated in Heinrich (1956). One is reminded of a large Pyla." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24064-Habitat 24064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Apparently restricted to areas of native grassland. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19463-ConservationStatus 19463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Known from very few specimens. 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19463-Distribution 19463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta and the Northwest Territories east to Newfoundland, also in Washington." 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19463-GeneralDescription 19463 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The forewing is dull yellow to grey with fine brown reticulations. Darker brown shading forms a faint median band and apical patch most visible near the costa. The hindwing is white and slightly more greyish on the anal half of the wing. It is similar to A. alleniana and can be separated by characters of the male genitalia (Obraztsov 1959). 1/14/09 10:18 4/21/11 8:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24308-ConservationStatus 24308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Probably of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24308-Cyclicity 24308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June to September. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24308-Distribution 24308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Ontario to Alberta south to Utah and Florida (Freeman 1958). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24308-GeneralDescription 24308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The forewing is straw yellow with fine brown reticulation throughout. An irregular brown median band and apical patch are both edged in darker brown. The male has a distinct costal fold on the forewing. The hindwing is pure white. The eastern A. furcatana (Walker 1863) is paler but only reliably separated by looking at genitalic differences. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24308-Habitat 24308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Rich river valleys and towns with Manitoba Maple. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24308-TrophicStrategy 24308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo) (Freeman 1958) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23924-Cyclicity 23924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June. (Powell 1962) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23924-Distribution 23924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Known from Alaska, Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Quebec." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23924-GeneralDescription 23924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is grey with fine dark grey lines throughout. A dark grey median band is distinctive, but is obliterated near the middle of the wing and an equally dark grey marking is present on the costa in the post median area. The hindwing is light grey with slightly darker grey towards the apex." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23924-Habitat 23924 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Not clear, many specimens are from high elevations. (Powell 1962)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21108-ConservationStatus 21108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Never common, but probably of no concern." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21108-Cyclicity 21108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity July to August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21108-Distribution 21108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Pediasia aridella was described from Europe. Only the subspecies edmontella occurs in North America and it is known so far only from Alberta. In Alberta, Bowman (1951) has it from the Lethbridge, Calgary, Red Deer, Edmonton and Nordegg areas." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21108-GeneralDescription 21108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A larger crambid (25-30 mm wingspan). Forewings light tan with a somewhat striate appearance. Hindwings whitish. The male genitalia have a reduced accessory spine at the base of the harpe that shows up as a mere bump, while in ericella the accessory spine is reduced but longer. G. Balogh kindly provided an unpublished drawing of the male genitalia of P. aridella edmontella that was prepared for A. Klots by M. Friedman. Females are like those of ericella and have similar genitalia but tend to be larger. Alberta material labeled Pediasia laciniella has been found to be either ericella or aridella edmontella. Pediasia laciniella, which has an accessory spine similar to that of ericella, is an eastern species. Similar to P. trisecta but lacking dark areas in the forewings above, also lacking white dashes between the veins in the margin of the fore wings. Described as Crambus edmontellus by J. McDunnough (1923)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21108-Habitat 21108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Aspen parkland, prairie and mountain areas." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21108-LifeCycle 21108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21108-TrophicStrategy 21108 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae presumably feed on grasses. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19942-ConservationStatus 19942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Uncommon, but not of concern." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19942-Cyclicity 19942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Early July to mid August in Alberta. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19942-Distribution 19942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Anywhere spruce grows in Alberta, transcontinental across boreal Canada and south through the mountains to Utah." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19942-GeneralDescription 19942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The forewing is light grey to pinkish grey with traces of thin dark lines. There are distinctive bands that are brown to grey and are edged by black lines. The hindwing is yellowish with fine darker grey reticulations.\nThe larva is greyish green to cream coloured with a black head and thoracic shield (Duncan 2006). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19942-Habitat 19942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forest. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19942-LifeCycle 19942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Archips alberta is a solitary defoliator that can cause some cone crop damage. The larva overwinters in the first instar and in the spring resumes mining needles and webs adjacent needles together. Later instars feed on foliage and cones, often with considerable webbing where it often later pupates in June. Adults frequent lights and eggs are typically laid in the dense crowns of Black Spruce. (Duncan 2006)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19942-TrophicStrategy 19942 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva mainly feeds on Black Spruce (Picea mariana), but also White Spruce (Picea glauca) and Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) foliage and cones (Freeman 1958; MacKay 1962; Razowski 1977; Duncan 2006)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38032-ConservationStatus 38032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is of occasional concern to ranchers and farmers. It has been a dominant species in outbreaks that consist of species assemblages (Pfadt 2002). 3/29/11 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38032-Cyclicity 38032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Nymphs (no wings or short wing buds) hatch from egg pods in the soil during the first two weeks of May. Adults (wings extend the length of the abdomen) can be found from July to October (Pfadt 2002). 3/29/11 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38032-Distribution 38032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This species ranges across North America from the western edge of the Great Plains to mid-way through the Great Lakes in the East. They are found as far north as central Alberta and as far south as the southern States (based on range map in Pfadt 2002) which agree with the Strickland Museum's records. 3/29/11 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38032-GeneralDescription 38032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Melanoplusangustipennis is a medium-sized spurthroated grasshopper with variable colouration. This and other grasshoppers of the subfamily Melanoplinae often have a spiny bump on their ""throat"" between their front legs (Johnson 2002). It can range from dull gray to bright yellow or tan and may have red or blue hind tibia. The wings of this species extend the length of the abdomen or up to 4 mm beyond. The males of this species can be identified by the shape of their spatulate cerci and the abrupt narrowing of their supraanal plate (the cup-shaped plate at the end of the male abdomen). Females can be identified by using size, markers and colouring to associate them with the males (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38032-Habitat 38032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "The narrowwinged sand grasshopper can be found in prairies with sandy soil, vegetated sand dunes, blowouts, and the banks of streams and lakes. It is abundant in disturbed areas like roadsides, crop edges, and weedy fields (Pfadt 2002). It has been collected in central and southern Alberta." 3/29/11 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38032-LifeCycle 38032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle of this species is described in Pfadt's Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers (2002). Both male and female nymphs mature through 5 instars before moulting into the adult morph. This usually takes 36-42 days. Male adults fledge about one week before the females and the female adults reach sexual maturity about two weeks after fledging. In this species, the males and females are about the same size, and mating pairs can be seen near the end of July. After mating, females will deposit 2-3 egg pods in sandy soil near vegetation. The pods are curved tubes about 1.5 cm long containing 12-18 eggs. Nymphs hatch the following spring." 3/29/11 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38032-TrophicStrategy 38032 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Nymphs and adults of this species enjoy a wide range of prairie forbs, grasses, shrubs, moss, fungi, and even dead insects. The majority of their diet, about 62%, consists of rangeland forbs including western ragweed, prairie sunflower, western sticktight, and cud-weed sagewort. When forbs are unavailable, the grasshoppers will eat prairie grasses, about 21% of their diet, including blue grama, needleandthread, sand dropseed, and western wheatgrass (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:48 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38033-ConservationStatus 38033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The twostriped grasshopper is a serious agricultural pest to grain crops, alfalfa, and corn. During outbreaks it will completely defoliate crops and even in urban areas it will devour flowers and vegetables (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38033-Cyclicity 38033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Melanoplusbivittatus nymphs (no wings or short wing buds) hatch from egg pods in the soil early in the summer and are one of the first species to appear. They continue to hatch for four to six weeks following rain and warm temperatures and so may be found in an area up to 75 days. Adults (wings extend the length of the abdomen) can be found 40 days after the nymphs have emerged (Pfadt 2002). In Alberta they have been found from May to September (Strickland Museum records). 3/29/11 8:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38033-Distribution 38033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is wide spreadfrom coast to coast across North America, as far north as northern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, the majority of Ontario, the southern part of Quebec, and most of the maritime provinces. Its range extends south throughout the entire United States except for the few states bordering the Gulf of Mexico (based on range map in Pfadt 2002). They have been collected in mid and southern Alberta (Strickland Museum records)." 3/29/11 8:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38033-GeneralDescription 38033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The twostriped grasshopper is one of the two largest in the genus Melanoplus grasshoppers, the other being Melanoplus differentialis which is found in the same habitat in the United States. This and other grasshoppers of the subfamily Melanoplinae often have a spiny bump on their ""throat"" between their front legs (Johnson 2002). Adult males of this species are easily identified by their mitten-shaped cerci. Both males and females have a pair of distinctive yellow stripes that run down their body, head to mid-wing, where they meet to form a triangle (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38033-Habitat 38033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "The twostriped grasshopperinhabits areas with lush vegetation across North America. It is abundant in tallgrass prairies, wet meadows, roadsides, and crop edges (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38033-LifeCycle 38033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle of this species is described in Pfadt's Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers (2002). Nymphs mature through 5 instars before emerging as an adult in the first part of summer. Most populations have a one-year life cycle, but some mountainous populations are known to have a two-year life cycle. Females deposit their eggs in crowns of grass or roots of weeds, often along south-facing roadsides, one or two weeks after mating. The egg pods are curved tubes up to 4 cm long and may contain 50 to 108 olive-coloured eggs. The eggs complete the majority of their development that summer before going into diapause for the winter, allowing them to hatch early the following spring." 3/29/11 8:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38033-TrophicStrategy 38033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species feeds on a broad variety of plants, both forbs and grasses. These include mustards, alfalfa clover, greenflower, dandelion, chicory, prickly lettuce, ragweed, prairie sunflower, perennial sowthistle, and kochia (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:52 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33846-ConservationStatus 33846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Conservation is not a concern for Laphria gilva. 1/28/10 13:31 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33846-Cyclicity 33846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults are found late July to late August and possibly earlier and later in the southern portion of the range (Schmid 1969). 1/28/10 13:31 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33846-Distribution 33846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Laphria gilva is found holarctically; in the nearctic from the Yukon and Alaska to Quebec and Nova Scotia, and southerly from California, Colorado, and Arizona to Michigan, New York, and Massachusetts; in Eurasia from Great Britain to Siberia (Adisoemarto 1967; Cannings 1994, 1997)." 1/28/10 13:31 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33846-GeneralDescription 33846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium to large, 15-20 mm in length. Robust flies with a general black appearance as compared to other Laphria spp. Body is mostly black, with the posterior, dorsal end of the abdomen being orange, finely pubescent (covered by hairs), and slender. Legs are black and raptorial. Laphria gilva can be distinguished by abdominal segments three, four, and five being covered dorsally with orange pubescence, and segment six being black (L. gilva can be confused with L. aimatis (McAtee), but is easily distinguished by this black sixth abdominal segment). Thoracic and leg pubescence is sparse and rather inconspicuous, and the setae of the mask and mystax (setae surrounding the pronounced hypopharynx) are uniformly black, and of medium length compared to other Laphria spp. Superior forceps of the male genitalia are each provided with two lamellar appendages (McAtee 1919; Adisoemarto 1967)." 1/28/10 13:31 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33846-Habitat 33846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open glades within boreal forests. Most often found near coniferous stands and adjacent prairies and open grasslands. Laphria gilva is the only holarctic species in Laphriinae, and is found at elevations as high as the treeline (Cannings 1994, 1997)." 1/28/10 13:31 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33846-LifeCycle 33846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Species of the genus Laphria do not exhibit courtship behaviors. Laphria gilva males establish mating areas around tree trunks and chase and grapple with females and other males that enter this area. Other males are apparently released without harm. Females, upon being charged, are knocked to the ground and mounted. The coupled pair then flies to a perch location where mating continues tail-to-tail. \nFemale Laphria gilva oviposit in the crevices of bark or downed wood. Larval stages live in soil and rotting wood, and their biology is poorly understood, though they are currently thought to be predacious on eggs and larvae of other insects (Hull 1962; Schmid 1969; Wood 1981)." 1/28/10 13:31 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33846-TrophicStrategy 33846 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "See \ngenus page." 1/28/10 13:31 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33847-ConservationStatus 33847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Conservation of Laphria index is not of concern. 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33847-Cyclicity 33847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are found June through mid August, and possibly earlier in the southern portion of the range." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33847-Distribution 33847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Very widespread; Laphria index is found transcontinentally in Canada, extending south to Virginia (Adisoemarto 1967; Cannings 1994)." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33847-GeneralDescription 33847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium sized, 15 mm in length. Laphria index is a generally slender fly compared to other Laphria spp. Thorax and abdomen are covered in fine orange hair (pubescence), and legs are brown to red. Coloration of the abdominal and thoracic piles (clumps of hairs) are similar to L. janus (though less dramatic), with the thoracic pubescence being much more delicate. Legs are covered in fine pubescence, and are long and raptorial, ending in prominent tarsal claws used for subduing prey items and mates. Mystax (dense setae surrounding the hypopharynx) and the surrounding mane are white and rather sparse, and scutellar bristles are yellowish. Metapleural hairs are lightly colored or white. Laphria index can be confused with L. aeatus (Walker), but can be most easily distinguished by the yellow scutellar bristles (McAtee 1919; Adisoemarto 1967)." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33847-Habitat 33847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open glades within boreal forests. Most often found near coniferous stands. Occasionally found in open grasslands (Cannings 1994, 1997)." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33847-LifeCycle 33847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "See \ngenus page." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33847-TrophicStrategy 33847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "See \ngenus page." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33850-ConservationStatus 33850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The conservation of Laphria vultur is not a concern. 1/28/10 13:33 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33850-Cyclicity 33850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been found from late May to late July. 1/28/10 13:33 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33850-Distribution 33850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Laphria vultur is found from southern British Columbia to California, and east to Mississippi (McAtee 1919; Adisoemarto 1967; Cannings 1994)." 1/28/10 13:33 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33850-GeneralDescription 33850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium-large flies, 20 mm in length. Laphria vultur is robust-looking with a general gold/orange coloration, due to copious amounts of reddish-orange hair (pubescence) covering the entirety of the head, thorax, and abdomen. The pubescence of other species in the genus Laphria is generally less distinct and sparser. Pubescence is most intense on the abdomen and face, with the mystax (hairs surrounding the mouthparts) and mane (surrounding the hypopharynx) slightly lighter in color. Long raptorial legs are covered in moderately thick black and reddish-orange pubescence, with long claws at the end of the tarsi for capturing and subduing prey (McAtee 1919; Adisoemarto 1967)" 1/28/10 13:33 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33850-Habitat 33850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open glades within montane and Cordilleran forests of western North America; generally mixed deciduous/coniferous. Occasionally found in open grasslands (Cannings 1994, 1997)." 1/28/10 13:33 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33850-LifeCycle 33850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "See \ngenus page." 1/28/10 13:33 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33850-TrophicStrategy 33850 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "See \ngenus page." 1/28/10 13:33 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38034-ConservationStatus 38034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "During sporadic outbreaks and at high densities the northern grasshopper can cause damage to range lands and forage crops, but this species is also beneficial when it feeds on its preferred diet; lupine and loco (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38034-Cyclicity 38034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Melanoplus borealis nymphs (no wings or short wing buds) usually hatch in June depending on the elevation of the site, when the snow has melted and the soil has warmed. Adults (wings extend more than half the length of the abdomen) can be found about one month after the nymphs have hatched and tend to survive into mid-September (Pfadt 2002). For Alberta, there are records of adults in June through August (Strickland Museum)." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38034-Distribution 38034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is found across the northern part of North America. From coast to coast, it can be found in Alaska, sweeping down through the Canadian Shield and the northern half of the United States, across the Great Lakes and through the Maritime Provinces and Quebec (based on range map in Pfadt 2002). There are collection records for Alberta as far north as Peace River (Strickland Museum)." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38034-GeneralDescription 38034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Melanoplus borealis is a dark medium-sized spurthroated grasshopper with red hind tibia. This and other grasshoppers of the subfamily Melanoplinae often have a spiny bump on their ""throat"" between their front legs (Johnson 2002). The wings of adult males usually extend to the apex of the hind femur, but in the females they are often shorter, covering only three quarters the length of the abdomen. The males of this species can be identified by the shape of their short and blunt cerci and theirsubgenitalplate which curves dorsally and terminates in a blunt truncate end. Females can be identified by using size, markers and colouring to associate them with the males (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38034-Habitat 38034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "The northern grasshopper inhabits both lowland and mountainous areas, including arctic tundra, wet bogs, swamps and wet meadows (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38034-LifeCycle 38034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle of this species is described in Pfadt's Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers (2002). This species requires two years to break diapause before the nymphs hatch. Nymphs mature through 5 instars before emerging as an adult in July. About three weeks after emerging, the adults reach sexual maturity, and tend to mate during the warmest part of the day. Females begin oviposition 8 to 10 days after mating." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38034-TrophicStrategy 38034 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Besides its preferred diet of lupine and loco, this grasshopper eats dandelions, thistle, cinquefoil, red clover, other forbs and grasses and even dead insects (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38035-ConservationStatus 38035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This grasshopper is a frequent pest of alfalfa fields (Pfadt 2002). 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38035-Cyclicity 38035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Melanoplus dawsoni nymphs (no wings or very short wing buds) usually hatch in June through the beginning of July, although the exact timing seems to be affected by altitude. Adults (short or long wings) usually begin to appear in July, about 21 to 66 days after nymphs have hatched, and continue to emerge into August (Pfadt 2002). In Alberta, they have been found in July and August (Stickland Museum records)." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38035-Distribution 38035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution The Dawson grasshopper is found across the middle of North America. From the south-east corner of British Columbia it ranges south through the Great Plains and east across the Great Lakes and up the St. Lawrence River basin (based on range map in Pfadt 2002). This grasshopper has been found in mid and southern Alberta (Strickland Museum records). 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38035-GeneralDescription 38035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Melanoplus dawsoni is a small spurthroated grasshopper often found with very short wings, but occasionally with wings that extend past the length the abdomen. This and other grasshoppers of the subfamily Melanoplinae often have a spiny bump on their ""throat"" between their front legs (Johnson 2002). Adults have distinctive black and yellow ringed abdominal terga, canary yellow venter, and red hind tibia. The male cerci are short, rounded and slightly concave apically (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38035-Habitat 38035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The Dawson grasshopper inhabits mixed-grass prairies and in high altitude grass-forb parks or ravines in lower altitudes (Pfadt 2002). 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38035-LifeCycle 38035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle of this species is described in Pfadt's Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers (2002). Development from nymph, through the 5 instars, to adult is faster at higher altitudes and warmer temperatures. High altitude populations are hypothesized to have adapted physiologically to the shorter seasons and so have a shorter development time. Grasshoppers of these populations also make behavioural adjustments to maximize their heat intake by basking longer in the sun and remaining in thermal shelters longer. Mature males will stridulate to attract receptive females. Females often bore into the ground several times before actually depositing eggs. The egg pods of this species are about 2 cm long, slightly curved, and contain 8-14 tannish yellow eggs." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38035-TrophicStrategy 38035 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This grasshopper prefers to eat forbs including dandelion, common yarrow, golden aster, western ragweed, leadplant, milkvetches, alfalfa, and white clover (Pfadt 2002). It will also eat both the leaves and seeds of grasses including Kentucky bluegrass and brome grass." 3/29/11 8:53 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28644-Cyclicity 28644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight periods occur in June (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28644-Distribution 28644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This genus has a primarily Holarctic range (Eastern Europe and Russia) with seven species recognized in North America (Arctic Canada to US) (Gilligan et al. 2008, Fernald 1882, Pohl et al. 2010, Kuznetsov and Mikkola 1991, Razowski 2003)." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28644-GeneralDescription 28644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This genus has a forewing pattern that is uniform with the basal patch and median fascia well defined. This well defined region is also separated by an interfascial band of contrasting, lighter coloration. Male moths lack costal folds and notching near the base of their antennae. Male genitalia consist of a prominent clasper on the basal excavation margin and a cluster of long scales on the tegumen (near the area where the tegumen articulates with the vinculum). Female genitalia consist of two tacklike signa with some degree of sclerotization of the ductus bursae. The sculpturing of the sterigma is different between species (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008).\nThis species has an alar expanse of 16-17mm. The forewings are pale yellow-brown to brownish, brownish grey or greyish in coloration. The costal strigulation is indistinct with darker dividings and markings on the wings are rust-brown, grey or similar. The basal blotch can be distinct but is often weak and diffuse. The median fascia is also weak and usually diffuse with the dorsal end atrophied. Cilia are the same color as the ground color of the forewings. The periphery of the hindwing is creamy brown or brownish grey with pale, creamy or whitish grey ciliar. The ground color can vary in shade and intensity of coloration. Markings are similar or can be more brown or tinged with grey or rust (Razowski 2003). Male genitalia have a ventral edge of the sacculus half the length of the valva. The caudal angel is weak and the ventral incision shallow. The ventral lobe of the cucullus is small. The sterigma in female genitalia can be similar to that in G. dealbana but the sclerite of the cingulum is much longer." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28644-Habitat 28644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Inhabit boreal forest regions with occasional occurrence in small forested patches within the grasslands (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28644-LifeCycle 28644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In Europe, this genus has one generation per year and hibernates as larvae or pupae. Adults emerge in June. The larvae feed in buds, leaves and twigs mainly of Salicaceae and Betulaceae (Razowski 2003). This genus also consists of leaf-rolling larvae that feed within their rolled leaves of Salix and Populus in North America (Miller 1987)." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28644-TrophicStrategy 28644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larvae feed in buds, leaves and twigs mainly of Salicaceae and Betulaceae (Razowski 2003). This genus also consists of leaf-rolling larvae that feed within their rolled leaves of Salix and Populus (Miller 1987)." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31033-Cyclicity 31033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult flight periods occur from mid/late July to early/mid August (Gilligan et al. 2008, Pohl et al. 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31033-Distribution 31033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This genus has a primarily Holarctic range with seven species recognized in North America (Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to Maryland and Illinois) (Gilligan et al. 2008, Fernald 1882, Pohl et al. 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31033-GeneralDescription 31033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This genus has a forewing pattern that is uniform with the basal patch and median fascia well defined. This well defined region is also separated by an interfascial band of contrasting, lighter coloration. Male moths lack costal folds and notching near the base of their antennae. Male genitalia consist of a prominent clasper on the basal excavation margin and a cluster of long scales on the tegumen (near the area where the tegumen articulates with the vinculum). Female genitalia consist of two tacklike signa with some degree of sclerotization of the ductus bursae. The sculpturing of the sterigma is different between species (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008).\nThis species has an alar expanse of 12mm (with their forewings 4.5-6mm in length) (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008). The forewings have dark areas and markings that are grayish yellowish brown or brownish black in coloration. The hindwings (smoky fuscous) are paler than the forewings. The cilia of the hindwings are concolourous and have a fine whitish basal line. The head and palpi are grayish. The ocelli consist of two bars of leaden scales (extend vertically) that contain three or four short black streaks or dots. From the outer third of the costa, a thin, oblique band of lead collared scales extend to and join the inner bar of the ocelli. Cilia are fuscous brown and have a dark basal line (Heinrich 1923). This moth is similar to G. fasciolana but can be distinguished from it by its smaller size and lack of second whitish interfascial band beyond the median fascia. The shape of the valva or sterigma can also further differentiate the two species from each other (Gilligan et al. 2008)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31033-Habitat 31033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Inhabit mountainous regions with occasional occurrence in patches of grassland in boreal regions and forested patches within grasslands (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31033-LifeCycle 31033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In North America, this species consists of leaf-rolling larvae that feed within their rolled leaves of Populus and Quercus (Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008). These larvae then pupate (mostly likely hibernate as larvae or pupae) and emerge from their leaf rolls as adults in July (Razowski 2003). Most likely multiple generations per year at lower latitudes." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31033-TrophicStrategy 31033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva is a leaf-roller and feeds on Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen), Quercus (oak), Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar), and Populus grandidentata (bigtooth aspen) (Prentice 1966, Gilligan et al. 2008)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38036-ConservationStatus 38036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The Gladston grasshopper is not a serious pest of grasslands, and may even be beneficial because it eats Russian thistle buds and other weed species (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:54 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38036-Cyclicity 38036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Melanoplus gladstoni nymphs (no wings or short wing buds) hatch later than most other grasshoppers; mid-June to early July. Adults (wings extend more than half the length of the abdomen) can be found about 42 to 70 days after the nymphs have hatched and tend to survive into October or November (Pfadt 2002). In Alberta it has been found in July and August (Strickland Museum records). 3/29/11 8:54 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38036-Distribution 38036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is ranges down the center of North America. From central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and the south-west corner of Manitoba, it ranges south down the middle of the United States and Mexico (based on range map in Pfadt 2002). There are records of this grasshopper in southern Alberta (Strickland Museum)." 3/29/11 8:54 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38036-GeneralDescription 38036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Melanoplus gladstoni is a dark brown medium-large spurthroated grasshopper with long wings. This and other grasshoppers of the subfamily Melanoplinae often have a spiny bump on their ""throat"" between their front legs (Johnson 2002). Its tegmenhave a broken line, ivory with dark brown spots, running length-wise down the middle. The males of this species can be identified by the unique shape of their cerci; the apical quarter is bent inward. Both males and females of this species can be identified by the curvature of the lower carina of the hind femur. In other Melanoplus species it curves gently the entire length of the femur, but in Melanoplus gladstoni the basal third is straight or flat (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:54 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38036-Habitat 38036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The Gladston grasshopper inhabits the rangelands of western North America (Pfadt 2002). 3/29/11 8:54 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38036-LifeCycle 38036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle of this species is described in Pfadt's Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers (2002). Nymphs mature through 5 instars before moulting into the long-winged adult stage. A week after this last moult, mating pairs of adults have been observed and a couple weeks later the females begin to lay eggs. The egg pods are curved; about 2.5 cm long and contain 16 to 29 tan coloured eggs." 3/29/11 8:54 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38036-TrophicStrategy 38036 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like most other grasshoppers this species is polyphagous, consuming a wide variety of grasses, sedges, forbs, seeds, moss, fungi, and dead arthropods (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:54 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38037-ConservationStatus 38037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status The little spurthroated grasshopper is a known pest of forage crops and rangelands where at high densities it can cause economically significant damage (Pfadt 2002). 3/29/11 8:55 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38037-Cyclicity 38037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Melanoplus infantilis nymphs (no wings or short wing buds) hatch in late May to mid-June. Adults (wings extend more than half the length of the abdomen) can be found about 27 to 34 days after the nymphs have hatched and tend to survive into September or October (Pfadt 2002). In Alberta this grasshopper has been found from May to September (Strickland Museum records). 3/29/11 8:55 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38037-Distribution 38037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species can be found in the southern half of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and the very southern edge of Manitoba. It ranges south to northern New Mexico (based on range map in Pfadt 2002). Records from Alberta indicate that it ranges as far north as Peace River (Strickland Museum)." 3/29/11 8:55 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38037-GeneralDescription 38037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Melanoplus infantilis is a small spurthroated grasshopper with long wings. This and other grasshoppers of the subfamily Melanoplinae often have a spiny bump on their ""throat"" between their front legs (Johnson 2002). The medial area of the hind femur has distinctive pattern with dark chevrons and light patches. There are three dark bands on the upper marginal area of the hind femur. The males of this species have cerci with a distinctive forked shape where the lower arm curves down and ends in a blunt tip (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:55 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38037-Habitat 38037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "The little spurthroated grasshopper inhabits grasslands, parkland meadows and montane clearings of coniferous forests in western North America (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:55 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38037-LifeCycle 38037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The life cycle of this species is described in Pfadt's Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers (2002). Nymphs mature through 5 instars in late spring and early summer when the weather is warm and their food plants are abundant. They have a fast development time compared to other species and despite living at high altitudes they require only one year per generation. A mated female oviposits into soil near clumps of grass and then uses her abdomen to brush litter and soil over the hole. The egg pods are a little over 2 cm long and contain 10 to 13 light tan eggs. 3/29/11 8:55 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38037-TrophicStrategy 38037 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The little spurthroated grasshopper consumes both grasses and forbs (Pfadt 2002). It prefers dandelion and brome grass, but will eat almost any vegetation available in its habitat." 3/29/11 8:55 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19819-Cyclicity 19819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight periods occur in July (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19819-Distribution 19819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This genus has a primarily Holarctic range with seven species recognized in North America (Specimens found in Alberta) (Gilligan et al. 2008, Pohl et al. 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19819-GeneralDescription 19819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This genus has a forewing pattern that is uniform with the basal patch and median fascia well defined. This well defined region is also separated by an interfascial band of contrasting, lighter coloration. Male moths lack costal folds and notching near the base of their antennae. Male genitalia consist of a prominent clasper on the basal excavation margin and a cluster of long scales on the tegumen (near the area where the tegumen articulates with the vinculum). Female genitalia consist of two tacklike signa with some degree of sclerotization of the ductus bursae. The sculpturing of the sterigma is different between species (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008).\nThis species has an alar expanse of 19mm (with a body length of 7mm and a forewing length of 9 mm (Heinrich 1924, Packard 1866). Their bodies are blackish with clouded, dusky wings. The wings have no lines or spots with the exceptions of scattered black dots on the costa and gathered dusky scales in the middle of the wing to form an obscure, dark spot with a tawny tinge. The hindwings are much paler than the forewings. The head, thorax and palpi are dull brown, the abdomen ashy grey. This species can be distinguished from other moths of this genus by the absence of distinctive markings on the forewings and its uniformly dusky body. A discal dot connected to a costal dot may be present. Few tawny scales on the apex may also be present. The fringe on this species is dusky with a mesial white line, and may be white on the hindwings (Packard 1866). Can be distinguished from G. fasciolana by the lack of the whitish anti-median and post median areas (Heinrich 1924)." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19819-Habitat 19819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Inhabit boreal forests with occasional occurrence in small patches of grassland in boreal regions (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19819-LifeCycle 19819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In North America, this genus consists of leaf-rolling larvae that feed within their rolled leaves of Salix and Populus (Miller 1987). These larvae then pupate (mostly likely hibernate as larvae or pupae) and emerge from their leaf rolls as adults in July (Razowski 2003). Most likely multiple generations per year at lower latitudes." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19819-TrophicStrategy 19819 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy No information available. Most likely a leaf-roller of Salix and/or Populus (Miller 1987). 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27672-Cyclicity 27672 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult flight periods occur in June to mid-August and specifically in June in Alberta (Gilligan et al. 2008, Pohl et al. 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27672-Distribution 27672 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This genus has a primarily Holarctic range with seven species recognized in North America (Alberta, Ontario, Maine to Minnesota, south to Georgia and Texas) (Gilligan et al. 2008, Fernald 1882, Pohl et al. 2010, Morris 1967)." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27672-GeneralDescription 27672 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This genus has a forewing pattern that is uniform with the basal patch and median fascia well defined. This well defined region is also separated by an interfascial band of contrasting, lighter coloration. Male moths lack costal folds and notching near the base of their antennae. Male genitalia consist of a prominent clasper on the basal excavation margin and a cluster of long scales on the tegumen (near the area where the tegumen articulates with the vinculum). Female genitalia consist of two tacklike signa with some degree of sclerotization of the ductus bursae. The sculpturing of the sterigma is different between species (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008).\nThis species has an alar expanse of 13-17mm (with their forewings 5.5-7.5mm in length) (Kearfott 1907, Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Morris 1967). The head is brownish-gray, with purplish-brown eyes. The palpi are grey and slightly darker apically. The antennae and thorax are also grey, with the anterior edge of the thorax spotted with brown, and a double brown dot behind the middle. The first three segments of the abdomen are tufted and pale, while the other segments are fuscous. Legs are whitish in coloration and banded with blackish-brown. The forewings are ashy-grey with lines, spots, and shades of brown. A broad, grayish-white fascia is defined by a thin, almost obsolete brown shade from the middle of the costa to the anal angle. The whitish middle fascia is dotted with brown, and a faint line of brown lines the inner border. The ocellus is in the middle of the wing with six or eight black dots and horizontal dashes. The costa is whitish-grey and marked with short brown lines with four larger spots on the outer half. Cilia are fuscous and brown near the apex, while white in the middle. The hindwings are light bronzy-brown, and pale at the base, with a grey underside. \nThis moth can be distinguished from G. fasciolana by the overall greyish appearance of the forewings and the darker interfascial areas (contrast less with the fasciae). The median fascia are also weakly marked. This species can be distinguished from G. fasciolana by its larger size and browner forewings (Gilligan et al. 2008)." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27672-Habitat 27672 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Occasional occurrence in small patches of grassland in boreal regions and forested patches in the grasslands (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27672-LifeCycle 27672 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Eggs are laid on the upper surface of leaves near the midrib or vein. Embryos develop into first instar larvae within 5 days. These larvae chew out of the egg membrane and construct a silk structure and feed on leaf tissue. The second-instar larvae then bores into a fresh shoot and finishes its development in this tunnel shoot. The fifth instar larvae then emerge from the twig shelters and move down the tree to construct a silk cocoon in a bark crevice. Pupation then occurs and 8-9 days later an adult emerges. The wings rest in a tentlike position. There can be 4 or 5 generations per year, with the last overwintering as a second-instar larva in a hibernaculum built onto bark or a hollowed bud. The second instar larvae then mature and produce a larger spring generation (Morris 1967).\nPotter wasps (Eumenes sp.) have been known to tear open cottonwood shoots and remove cottonwood twig borers from their galleries. There are also parasitic wasps that attack the twig boring larvae: Bracon mellitor (Say), Apanteles clavatus (Provancher), and Agathis sp. Trichogramma minutum (Riley), the egg parasitoid was also collected from twig borer eggs. Predaceous plant bugs (Coreidae) also feed on G. haimbachiana larvae (Morris 1967)." 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27672-TrophicStrategy 27672 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larvae feed on Populus deltoides (cottonwood) primarily in the shoots (and on leaves for early instars) (Morris 1967). 1/14/09 10:18 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30273-ConservationStatus 30273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30273-Cyclicity 30273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Mid June to early July in Alberta, as early as May elsewhere." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30273-Distribution 30273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alberta to Newfoundland, south to North Carolina and Missouri." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30273-GeneralDescription 30273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The forewing is light brown with darker brown shading in the lower median area and abundant metallic bluish lines and dots throughout the wing. There is some cream along the costa in the median area and along the outer margin. \nThe larva is green with paired dark green dorsal stripes. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30273-Habitat 30273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Deciduous forests. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30273-LifeCycle 30273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva makes a tight roll of a leaf or bract, venturing out to feed upon nearby foliage or flowers." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30273-TrophicStrategy 30273 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds on cohosh (Caulophyllum sp.), solomon’s seal (Polygonatum sp.), and trillium (Trillium sp.) (Razowski 1979)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25654-ConservationStatus 25654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status No specific information on its conservation available. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25654-Distribution 25654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada it is found at several places such as Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, North-West Territories and Yukon Territories (CBIF, 2010, Lindorth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25654-GeneralDescription 25654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Length varies from 6.2 - 9.3 mm. Antennae with darker outer segments, palpi dark. Compared to Amara impuncticollis prothorax has less rounded sides with straight basal half and front angles are narrow and less protruding. Elytra with fine striation and with flat intervals. Basal elytral pore-puncture similar to A. impuncticollis. Femora with blackish tinge. Male genitalia are used for identification which is highly pigmented, middle portion is stout and apical region is broad. Apical half portion of right paramere is straight (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25654-Habitat 25654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This species is found in areas with dry climate and rich vegetation. It mainly colonizes weedy habitats. It is abundant in areas colonized by humans (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25654-TrophicStrategy 25654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Omnivorous in habit (Levesque and Levesque, 1994)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25774-ConservationStatus 25774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Rare. Known from only a single Alberta collection. 1/14/09 10:18 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25774-Cyclicity 25774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity September. 1/14/09 10:18 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25774-Distribution 25774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Type Locality is Brownsville, Texas. Also known from Arizona and California. Not reported from Alberta by Bowman (1951). A single specimen was collected by Doug Macaulay on 6 Sep 2006 in the Pinhorn Grazing Reserve, 33 km SW of Manyberries at a MV trap. It was identified by G. Pohl by comparison with Wyoming material in the Canadian National Collection." 1/14/09 10:18 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25774-GeneralDescription 25774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A small, light brown moth with elongate, rounded wings and a wingspan of up to 17 mm. The dorsal fore wings are shaded with brown, especially in the outer half, and lack AM and PM lines. The dorsal hind wings are silky-white with a narrow, dark margin (termen). Both wings have a noticeable fringe. Unlike any other Alberta species. The genus Loxostegopsis has been placed in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae." 1/14/09 10:18 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25774-Habitat 25774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Short grass prairie. 1/14/09 10:18 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25774-LifeCycle 25774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/14/09 10:18 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25774-TrophicStrategy 25774 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/14/09 10:18 2/3/11 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27933-ConservationStatus 27933 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern but rare in Alberta. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27933-Cyclicity 27933 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late April to early June (Freeman 1958). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27933-Distribution 27933 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south in the east to Florida, in Alberta it is sporadically encountered in the boreal." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27933-GeneralDescription 27933 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is shiny light yellow with some brown reticulation. Broad brown bands that slant towards the anal angle dominate the wing in the basal, median, and upper postmedian areas. The head and thorax are brown while the abdomen and hindwings are medium grey.\nThe larva is dull yellow with slightly darker brownish yellow thoracic shield and head." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27933-Habitat 27933 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous and mixed forest. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27933-LifeCycle 27933 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The solitary larva starts as a needle miner in early instars (MacKay 1962). In later instars they live inside a tube made form several needles tied together, gradually feeding on the end of it. As tubes get short from larval feeding, they are abandoned to construct newer ones which are also where pupation occurs (Forbes 1923)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27933-TrophicStrategy 27933 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva is found most commonly on White Pine (Pinus strobus) in eastern Canada, it is rarer in the west on other species of pine." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:49 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29975-ConservationStatus 29975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29975-Cyclicity 29975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid May to early June. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29975-Distribution 29975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Florida and California." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29975-GeneralDescription 29975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is light grey with darker grey markings. The antemedian and postmedian lines are prominent and distinctly brodered by black and filled with dark grey. A subterminal line can be similar to the other lines, but is usually more diffuse. The hindwing is light to medium grey with darker grey reticulations.\nThe larva is green with dorsolateral pale stripes and sharp cream spiracular stripe (Duncan 2006)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29975-Habitat 29975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Coniferous forests. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29975-LifeCycle 29975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larva is solitary and feeds until the early Fall. The larva hibernates as a late instar and resumes feeding in the Spring, pupating in May or early June. (Duncan 2006)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29975-TrophicStrategy 29975 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Primarily fir (Abies sp.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), but also many other coniferous and occasionally deciduous trees and shrubs. (Duncan 2006)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26806-ConservationStatus 26806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Uncommon and restricted to native prairie. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26806-Cyclicity 26806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mid to late August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26806-Distribution 26806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western North American. Neunzig (2003) has fenestrella from California, and leoninella from Cartwright, Manitoba, south to California and Utah. Not reported from Alberta by Bowman (1951). First reported for Alberta in Pohl et al (2005) based on material collected by C. Bird from Big Knife Provincial Park and the Lowden Springs Natural Area. It has since been found in Dry Island Provincial Park and at Tolman Bridge." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26806-GeneralDescription 26806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized moth with a wingspan of 21-24 mm. The forewing ranges from ash gray to brownish yellow in color, has narrow, white, nearly straight antemedial and subterminal lines, and five dark dots outside of the subterminal line. The hindwing is dull white to pale brownish yellow, darkening somewhat toward the termen. Heinrich (1956) provides a description and genitalia illustrations. Neunzig (2003) provides illustrations. Packard (1873) described both this species and Lipographis leoninella, and placed them in the genus Pempelia. Hulst (1890) treated the latter as a variety of fenestrella feeling that it differed only in being more ocherous than gray. The Alberta material has the full color range." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26806-Habitat 26806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Native prairie. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26806-LifeCycle 26806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Unknown. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26806-TrophicStrategy 26806 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Unknown. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29847-Cyclicity 29847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late June. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29847-Distribution 29847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From the Yukon, south to Washington and also North Carolina." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29847-GeneralDescription 29847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is light greyish brown to light brown and finely reticulated with dark brown throughout. The dark greyish brown median band is prominent only at the costa and the post median band is similarily prominent there as well, though more faded. The hindwing is evenly grey." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29847-Habitat 29847 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Probably higher-elevation habitats. (Obraztsov 1962) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25155-ConservationStatus 25155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25155-Cyclicity 25155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity End of April to late June. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25155-Distribution 25155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia north to the Yukon and Northwest Territories, east to Newfoundland, and south to Kentucky and Oregon. In Alberta found throughout boreal and mountainous regions." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25155-GeneralDescription 25155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The forewing is light grey with fine dark grey or black reticulations throughout. Broad bands slanted towards the anal angle are prominent in the basal, median and upper postmedian areas. The head and thorax are dark grey and the abdomen and hindwings are light grey.\nThe larva is green with a darker green middorsal stripe and with some brown markings on the head (Duncan 2006)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25155-Habitat 25155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Spruce forests. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25155-LifeCycle 25155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Overwintering is done as a pupa and adults emerge from mid May to late July. Larvae are solitary and web the needles of their hosts (Duncan 2006). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25155-TrophicStrategy 25155 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Most commonly on spruce (Picea spp.), also Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea), Tamarack (Larix laricina), and Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta)(Duncan 2006; MacKay 1962)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28055-ConservationStatus 28055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Never common, but probably of no concern." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28055-Cyclicity 28055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity June and July. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28055-Distribution 28055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A European and New World species, which occurs in North America from Alaska and the Northwest Territories south to Washington, east to Quebec and Minnesota (Shafer 1968). In Alberta, reported from Area 10 (Edmonton) by Bowman (1951)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28055-GeneralDescription 28055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized Pyralid, with narrow, brown forewings, having a wingspan of 19-27 mm, and light grayish-fuscous hindwings. The costal region of the FW is similar in color to the remainder of the wing, rather than being pale or white as in Peoria approximella, Coenochroa illibella or species of Pima. The genitalia are described by Shafer (1968). Similar to the species of Bandera but somewhat larger and with the frons rounded, rather than being conical." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28055-Habitat 28055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Primarily native grasslands. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28055-LifeCycle 28055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Univoltine. The larvae are known to feed on the base of the stem and in the root-stock of various grasses (Shafer 1968) as do those of “sod webworm” Crambids. Pupates in a silken cocoon near the larval tube (Goater 1986). Adults rest on grass stems during the day, are active at night and come to light." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28055-TrophicStrategy 28055 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The local food plants are unknown but may include species of Festuca. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30033-ConservationStatus 30033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not of concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30033-Cyclicity 30033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Late June to mid August in Alberta, June to August elsewhere (Razowski 1979)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30033-Distribution 30033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Florida and California. Widespread in Alberta." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30033-GeneralDescription 30033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description The forewing is light yellow that occasionally has faint brown shading along the veins. The hindwing is pale yellow or white. There is a small costal fold in the male which helps separate it from the similar Xenotemna pallorana.\nThe slender larva has a yellowish head with some brown shading and pale to dark legs and thoracic shield. It has unusually large pinacula with fairly long setae. (MacKay 1962) 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30033-Habitat 30033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat In weedy open areas. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30033-LifeCycle 30033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle The larva hibernates and the pupa can be found inside folded leafs (MacKay 1962). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30033-TrophicStrategy 30033 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva feeds on grasses, goldenrod (Solidago sp.), and aster (Aster sp.) (Razowski 1979)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29621-ConservationStatus 29621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "A common pest (Covell 1984), of no conservation concern." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29621-Cyclicity 29621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Mainly May to September. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29621-Distribution 29621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Worldwide. Reported from many areas in Alberta by Bowman (1951). This moth has been found in most homes in Alberta. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29621-GeneralDescription 29621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-sized pyralid with a wingspan of 15-30 mm. The basal third of the forewing is reddish-brown, the median area brownish-white and the terminal area reddish-brown. There are white AM and PM lines and there is a light subterminal line back of a reddish-brown fringe. The hindwing is grayish-white crossed by two white lines. At rest, the adults fold their wings flat while the abdomen is extended and curled over the body (Goater 1986)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29621-Habitat 29621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Inside houses and storehouses.Inside houses and storehouses. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29621-LifeCycle 29621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae are dirty white with a dark brown head (Forbes 1923). As in Plodia interpunctella, they live in a silken gallery in their food source. Once an infestation is discovered, the affected food source should be discarded and the area cleaned up. Freezing food products suspected of containing larvae is a good idea. The adults are said to fly at night (Goater 1986)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29621-TrophicStrategy 29621 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Larvae feed on flour and stored grain. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34538-ConservationStatus 34538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is very common and this is not reported in vulnerability status. 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34538-Cyclicity 34538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In natural populations in cold zones the colony is annual, but in colonies inside buildings the wasp survive the winter." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34538-Distribution 34538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western Yellowjacket is native of western half of temperate North America in Canada, United States, Mexico and this species was introduced in Hawaii (Kweskin 2000, Carpenter & Kojima 1997). Canada: from Manitoba to British Columbia. United States: from western to Colorado, Nebraska, Texas and Wisconsin. México: Baja California Norte, Ciudad de Mexico and Michoacan (Buck et al. 2008)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34538-GeneralDescription 34538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is black with yellow markings. The metasomal pattern is similar to V. germanica but Western Yellowjacket is the only species with a yellow ring around the compound ayes (Buck et al. 2008). In average the worker size is 15 mm (Gruner & Foote 2000). Head: Malar space less than half as long as the penultimate antennal segment; occipital carina complete; deeply emarginated subantennal mark on the frons. Metasoma: apex of 7th tergite depressed; tergum 7th densely pubescent apical margin; shaft of edeagus without sharp teeth at base of terminal spoon, aedeagus with slender preapical portion. Xanthic specimens are rare (Miller 1961, Buck et al. 2008)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34538-Habitat 34538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open boreal forest, forest edges and prairies. Urban zones as gardens, parkland, meadows and houses." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34538-LifeCycle 34538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Western Yellowjacket is a social species with annual colonies. In early April or late May the queens emerge from diapauses and them looking for nesting places, generally they fly 20 cm above the ground; most queens begin the nest in deserted rodent burrows, but they are also built in other dark cavities like hollow walls and attics (Akre et al. 1976, Akre et al. 1981, Buck et al. 2008). The successful queen burrows about 10-30 cm underground, aerial nest are uncommon. The queen adds cells inside the nest, she lays eggs and takes care of the larvae, the first workers emerge in early June and the queen doesn’t leave the nest again. The workers search food and fibers, care the larvae, clean the cells, feed the queen, the larvae and the males, they exhibit trophallaxis, mauling and ovoposition behavior, and also they protect the colony (Akre et al. 1976). The average of lifespan of a worker is 34 days. The males emerge in mid August, finally the colony decline in later \nSeptember (Akre et al. 1976)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34538-TrophicStrategy 34538 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "They feed regularly on live prey. They are mostly predators of spiders, harvestmen, caterpillars, flies, hemipterans, soft beetles, butterflies, moths, crickets, slug and other bugs. This species avoids hard beetles. The adults carry their prey or part of them to the nest to feed their larval states. They also feed of flower nectar or sweet substances as aphid honeydew, they have been reported collecting dead honey bees and this species has affinity to scavenge in carrion (Akre et al. 1976, Kweskin 2000)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38260-ConservationStatus 38260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is common and this is not reported in vulnerability status. 3/15/12 9:42 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38260-Cyclicity 38260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Colonies are annual. Queens choose the nest in June. The colony decline in early November. 3/15/12 9:42 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38260-Distribution 38260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is widely distributed in the southern part of North America and some regions in Centre America. Canada: only found in Ontario. United States: eastern region from New York to Florida. México: Chiapas, Tamaulipas to Michoacán. Guatemala and Honduras (Carpenter & Kojima 1997, Miller 1961, Buck et al. 2008)" 3/15/12 9:42 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38260-GeneralDescription 38260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The workers and males are black with yellow markings; the queens are orange with black markings (Miller 1961). Queens are the larger specimens, in average their size is 17 mm, workers and males size 13 mm in average. Queen and workers are dimorphic. Head: malar space less than half os long as the penultimate antennal segment; occipital carina incomplete; Mesosoma: conspicuous yellow longitudinal stripes on the mesoscutum; mesopleuron with an elongate yellow spot from pronotal lobe to mid coxa; second cubital cell of forewing equal than third cubital cell. Metasoma: queens with orange fascia expanded to nearly obliterated black markings, leaving only pairs of black spots; males and workers with lateral yellow stripes of the second tergite; male aedeagus robust with distal part bilobed (Buck et al. 2008, Miller 1961, VanDyk 2003)." 3/15/12 9:42 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38260-Habitat 38260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Nearctic species founding in open prairies, grasslands, disturbed boreal forest." 3/15/12 9:42 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38260-LifeCycle 38260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Southern Yellowjacket is a social species with annual colonies. In early June the queens looking for nesting places, however, the queens are facultative temporary social parasites and they usurp established young nest of other Vespula species usually V. maculifrons, V. vidua and V. flavopilosa, because, V. squamosa prefers host nests these are meanly subterranean, but aerial nest are common in urban places and they are found in hollow walls. The queens are robust, strong and large and they kill the host queens of the colonies that they take over. Near the 80% of Southern Yellowjacket began by usurpation of V. maculifrons colonies. After killing the host queen, the usurper queen adopts the nest and host workers and these helping to raise the new offspring. When the original host workers died the colony becomes pure with only V. squamosa (Akre et al. 1981, Buck et al. 2008, VanDyk 2003)" 3/15/12 9:42 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38260-TrophicStrategy 38260 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "They feed regularly on live prey but they also scavenge on carrion. They are mostly predators of spiders, harvestmen, caterpillars, flies, hemipterans, soft beetles and other bugs. The adults carry their prey or part of them to the nest to feed their larval states. They also feed of flower nectar and other fluids (Akre et al. 1981, Buck 2008, VanDyk 2003)." 3/15/12 9:42 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39066-ConservationStatus 39066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not currently of any concern. 1/10/14 8:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39066-Cyclicity 39066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, specimens have been collected from April to September. Adults have been observed into October (Hennessy 2002)." 1/10/14 8:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39066-Distribution 39066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "In Canada, found in southern Alberta and BC. In the US, nearly transcontinental, but not reaching the West coast. Recorded from Tamaulipas in Mexico (Williams, et. al., 2012)." 1/10/14 8:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39066-GeneralDescription 39066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "These wasps are antlike in appearance (Manley and Pitts 2002). Compound eyes somewhat hemispherical. Felt line only present on tergite II. Females: 5.5-13.5 mm and wingless (Williamset. al., 2012). Setae not plumose (Manley and Pitts 2002). Head and mesosomal integument varies from pale orange to red (Williamset. al. 2012). Antennal scrobe, carinategena, and posterolateral head tubercles lacking (Manley and Pitts 2007). Elongate mesosoma with a narrow scutellar scale and no transverse carinae anterior to it (Manley and Pitts 2007; Williamset. al., 2012). Propodeum with small pits or fine grooves and only a few setae posteriorly. Males: 7.5-14.5 mm and winged (Williamset. al., 2012). Tergum and sternum II have reddish-brown setae (Manley and Pitts 2007). Black setae on Tergites 3 to 7 (Williams et. al.,2012). Mandibles lack notches ventrally (Manley and Pitts 2002) and sternum II lacks median pit (Manley and Pitts 2007). Wing venation normal with a sclerotized pterostigma (Manley and Pitts 2002). Coarsely pitted tegulae (Williamset. al., 2012). Mesonotum is broadened and elevated. Axilla prominent and notauli absent (Manley and Pitts 2002). Two spurs are present on the mesotibia. Pygidium has a fringe of setae at the apex (Manley and Pitts 2007)." 1/10/14 8:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39066-Habitat 39066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid sandy regions. 1/10/14 8:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39066-LifeCycle 39066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Solitary ectoparasites of ground-dwelling wasps and bees (Mickel 1928). Adult females enter nests and deposit eggs into diapausing larvae or pupae (Arneson and Pitts 2003). The parasitic larvae then consume the entire host before entering the prepupal stage (Mickel 1928). The size of adults is believed to depend directly on the size of the host larva. Thus, host availability may be the cause of geographic size differences (Deyrup and Manley 1986). Also, females may determine whether to release or withhold sperm upon oviposition depending on host size. As they search for hosts, adult females build new retreats daily (VanderSal 2008). Females have up to four emergence periods per year, each lasting between five and ten days (Hennessy 2002). Male abundance follows closely. Activity of female generations may overlap, attributed to a secondary host search. Males may also be found between emergences. Mandible abrasion has been used to estimate emergence date in females. Consistent wear throughout generations implies a digging behaviour performed by all females. Adults are inactive midday when temperatures are highest; however, females have a higher tolerance to high temperatures than males (Mickel 1928). This is likely due to their reduced mobility. Many females overwinter and may have a lifespan of over ten months (Hennessy 2002). Males have shorter lifespans. Adult females arereputed to have a very painful sting (Mickel 1928)." 1/10/14 8:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39066-TrophicStrategy 39066 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Currently known larval hosts: Bembix cinerea Handlirsch, Trypoxylon politum (Say) (=albitarse Fabricius), Nomia melanderi melanderi Cockerell (Williams, et. al., 2012), and Trypargilum politum (Say) (Manley and Pitts 2007). It is speculated that adult females eat nectar and larvae from host nests (Brothers 1989)." 1/10/14 8:29 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31506-ConservationStatus 31506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The winter tick is not of conservation interest. However, it is an important veterinarian pest in North America (Samuel 2004)." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31506-Cyclicity 31506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Winter ticks are most commonly encountered in fall and winter. Larvae hatch and begin questing (host seeking) from August to October. Winter ticks feed and stay on their hosts until March/April, when adult females detach and drop to the ground. Females die soon after laying eggs in June. Males may remain on their hosts until May (Samuel 2004)." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31506-Distribution 31506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The winter tick has a range that spans most of North America (Banks 1908; Bishopp & Wood 1913). It has not been recorded from Nunavut, Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Alaska and Delaware, although Zarnke et al. (1990) suggest that populations in these areas may establish where conditions are suitable." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31506-GeneralDescription 31506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult winter ticks are various shades of brown with grey patterning on their scutum (shield) (Cooley 1938). The rectangular basis capitulum (base of mouthparts) is wider than long, and the palpi are short and stout (Cooley 1938). The hypostome (piercing mouthpart) has three rows of dentition (teeth) on either side of the median. Spurs are present on all four pairs of coxae (base of legs) (Cooley 1938). The first pair of coxae (coxae I) have two spurs each. Coxae II and III also have two spurs each, although their internal spurs are always much shorter. Coxae IV only have one well-developed spur each. An adult winter tick has eleven festoons (marginal divisions) on the end of its body (Cooley 1938; Yunker et al. 1986).\nAdult winter ticks are distinguishable by rounded spiracular plates that consist of moderate numbers of large goblet cells (Cooley 1938; Yunker et al. 1986). Dorsal prolongations on the spiracular plates may or may not be present (Leo et al. 2010) (See images).\nIt is difficult to identify larval and nymphal winter ticks based on morphology due to their small size." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31506-Habitat 31506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Forested areas of North America (Samuel 2004; Yunker et al. 1986; Bishopp and Trembley 1945). Commonly found feeding on moose, elk and deer (Samuel 2004)." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31506-LifeCycle 31506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The winter tick produces one generation per year. Females oviposit in June, and eggs hatch late summer or early fall (August – September). Six-legged larval ticks will scale vegetation (September – October) up to about 2 meters high while questing for host animals (McPherson et al. 2000). Once on a host, the larvae immediately initiate feeding before molting to the eight-legged nymphal stage (Samuel 2004). Nymphs remain on the host for most of fall and winter (October – March), feeding continuously and becoming engorged. The nymphs then undergo their final molt to become sexually mature adults (January-May). Adult winter ticks continue feeding and begin to mate on the host. In late winter or early spring (March – April), mated females will engorge and then detach from the host. Females expire after laying their eggs (Samuel 2004).\nThe reproductive success of a female tick is dependent on a variety of factors including host health, host avoidance and grooming behaviour, predation and weather conditions (Welch et al. 1991; Samuel and Welch 1991; Drew and Samuel 1987)." 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31506-TrophicStrategy 31506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Winter ticks specialise in feeding on the blood of ungulate hosts (Cooley 1938; Bishopp and Wood 1913). They are found primarily on\n
• Moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus))\n
• Elk (Cervus canadensis (Erxleben)) \n
• Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque))\n
• White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann)\n
Winter ticks may also parasitise\n
• Horses (Equus ferus sp. Boddaert)\n
• Cattle (Bos sp. Linnaeus)\n
• Rocky Mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis Shaw) 2/27/09 13:32 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38249-ConservationStatus 38249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Due to the limited knowledge of the insect, it is impossible to tell whether it is at risk or if it has important environmental impact. However, as a predator of a pest insect (E. spurius), it may be susceptible to pesticides, specifically imidacloprid, which is used throughout the Calgary to control E. spurius, on public trees (Mader, 2011)." 1/19/12 14:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38249-Cyclicity 38249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult specimens can be found in late summer and early autumn (late August to late September) (Mader, 2011)." 1/19/12 14:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38249-Distribution 38249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "All specimens of this species were found in a single park in the community of Elboya, in Calgary, Alberta in 2011, except for a single specimen collected from another park in Edgemont, Calgary, Alberta, in 2005 (Mader, 2011)." 1/19/12 14:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38249-GeneralDescription 38249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Like other Coccophagous wasps, this species is very small. Females are less than 2 mm long, and males are around 1 mm long. The body is black, and the legs a pale yellow. The species lacks the bright yellow scutellum characteristic of many other species within the genus Coccophagus. The mesoscutellum (the dorsal portion of the mesonotum) is densely setose, which places the species within the Malthusi group of Coccophagus wasps (J. Mottern, 2011, pers. comm.)." 1/19/12 14:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38249-Habitat 38249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Urban. 1/19/12 14:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38249-LifeCycle 38249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Very little is known about this species. It is a parasitoid of European elm scale (Eriococcus spurius). Eggs are presumably laid in the scale insect at some point during its development. What is known is that the adults emerge from already dead scale insect casings in late August through late September, and that parasitism rate can reach nearly 100% of adult scales at this time of year. Other hosts, overwintering behaviour, and the number of generations per year is unknown (Mader, 2011)." 1/19/12 14:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38249-TrophicStrategy 38249 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The only known prey of this species is European elm scale (Eriococcus spurius) (Mader, 2011)." 1/19/12 14:06 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34539-ConservationStatus 34539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is very common and this is not reported in vulnerability status. 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34539-Cyclicity 34539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Colonies are annual. Queens choose the nest in April. The colony declines in late October. Some colonies are perennial. 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34539-Distribution 34539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Yellowjacket is a Holarctic species with transcontinental distribution in Neartic region, this species is found in North and Centre America, Europe and Asia (Miller 1961). This species was introduced species to Hawaii, Iceland, New Zealand and Australia (Carpenter & Kojima, Kweskin 2000, Rodriguez-Palafox 1996). Canada: all provinces and territory less Nunavut. United States: Northern and western. Mexico: Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Michoacan and Oaxaca (Buck et al.1981)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34539-GeneralDescription 34539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is black with yellow markings. Yellowjacket resemble to Vespula germanica but its face lacks of black spots present in German wasp. The workers sizes oscillate between 12 and 17 mm, queens 15 to 20 mm. Head: malar space less than half as long as penultimate antennal segment; occipital carina incomplete, it reach mandible base; workers with a black mark behind the eyes; wide black stripe between the corona and ocular sinus. Mesosoma: yellow pronotal bands parallel. Metasoma: apex of seventh tergite of male depressed, shaft of aedeagus with a acute tooth of each side to base of terminal spoon (Miller 1961). Xanthic workers rarely with evanescent enclosed yellow spots on tergum 2 (Buck et al. 2008)" 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34539-Habitat 34539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prairies, grasslands, natural and planted forest, shrub lands and urban zones like gardens, orchards and buildings." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34539-LifeCycle 34539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Yellowjacket is a social species with annual or perennial colonies. In early May the queens looking for nesting places, they start the nest underground or in hollows of trees or wall buildings. Sometimes the nests are aerial (Akre et al. 1981, Buck et al. 2008, Kweskin 1997). The queen adds cells inside the nest, she lays eggs (one by cell), the larval hatches in 5 or 8 days and the queen takes care of the larvae, after 5 molts the larvae spin a silk cap and pupate. The first workers emerge in early June and the queen doesn’t leave the nest again. The workers search food and fibers, care the larvae, clean the cells, feed the queen, the larvae and the males, they exhibit trophallaxis, mauling and ovoposition behavior, and also they protect the colony. The mature nests eventually have more than 1000 workers; if the colony is disturbed they defend the nest aggressively. The new queens and males are produced in late September. The annual colonies decline in late October (Akre et al. 1981, Buck et al. 2008)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34539-TrophicStrategy 34539 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "They feed regularly on live prey but they also have affinity to scavenge on carrion. They are mostly predators of spiders, harvestmen, caterpillars, flies, hemipterans, soft beetles, butterflies, crickets and other bugs. The adults carry their prey or part of them to the nest to feed their larval states. They also feed of flower nectar or sweet substances as aphid honeydew (Akre et al. 1981, Buck et al. 2008)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39138-ConservationStatus 39138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Nothing indicating that specimens are rare. 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39138-Cyclicity 39138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Like others within the genus, this species is primarily found between March and July (Blake 1967). The Strickland Museum specimens were primarily collected between April and June, suggesting adults are more numerous during those months." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39138-Distribution 39138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Commonly found in southern Alberta and British Columbia, but range extends throughout much of the United States, as far south as California." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39138-GeneralDescription 39138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "6.5-10 mm in length, 3.3-5 mm in width, although there is great variation in size of species. Oval or oblong shape, as is typical within the genus and family. The have a bronze-black or purplish body with pale creamy brown setae all over. Head with a distinct median line ending in a depression in the middle front. Species has broad head with wide set eyes. The antennae extend below the humeri, and the seventh joint is long. The prothorax is wider than long, and coarsley punctate. The elytra are faintly depressed about the scutellum and have a transverse depression below the intrahumeral sulcus. Like G. squamulata, the pubescence on elytra are without lines of brown setae, and the pronotum is also lacking any pattern. Coarse setae are pointed and not truncate, as in G. squamulata. Ventral setae are finer than dorsal setae, and can be cream to light yellowish in colour. Dorsal and ventral pubescence does not completely cover surface, producing a grey-white colour and distinguishing it from others. Species diagnosis can be made with the aedeagus, which is triangular at apex (Blake 1967)." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39138-Habitat 39138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woody shrubs and trees. Specimens have been found in pine, fir trees, as well as willow (Blake 1967)." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39138-LifeCycle 39138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Similar to other Glyptoscelis, the larvae mature underground and feed on the host plants. There is little sexual dimorphism; the genus as a whole tends to be quite homogenous (Blake 1967)." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39138-TrophicStrategy 39138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Like other members of the genus, adults are phytophagus, usually preferring deciduous trees and bushes. The larvae feed on the roots of host plants. (Blake 1967). Some Strickland Museum specimens were found on Artemisia tridentata (sagebrush)." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:31 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39139-ConservationStatus 39139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Nothing indicating that specimens are rare. Beetles are commonly found in California and adjacent US states. 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:35 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39139-Cyclicity 39139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Found between March and July. Peak emergence occurs near the end of March in California, but they have been found in the area as early as January (Stern & Johnson 1984)." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:35 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39139-Distribution 39139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "From Canada to Chile, but primarily in the western United States (Blake 1967). The majority of the Strickland Museum specimens were collected in California, a few were collected in southern Alberta, in the Medicine Hat area." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:35 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39139-GeneralDescription 39139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "6.5-10 mm in length, 3.3-5 mm in width. Oval or oblong shape, as is typical within the genus and family. Bronze-black body with pale creamy brown setae all over. Head with a distinct median line ending in a depression in the middle front. The antennae extend below humeri, and the seventh joint is long. The elytra are faintly depressed about the scutellum and have transverse depression below the intrahumeral sulcus. The prothorax is wider than long, also pubescent, with setae set vertically in the centre, and horizontally near margins. Prothorax is deeply punctate. The pronotum lacks a pattern of brown setae, and the elytra is lacking lines of brown setae, present in other species. The ventral side is covered in finer, hair-like setae, white in colour. Piceous surface completely hidden by hair. This, along with the lack of brown markings on the dorsal side creates an overall snowy white colour, diagnostic of the species. The legs are a dark reddish-brown colour (Blake 1967)." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:35 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39139-Habitat 39139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Woody shrubs and trees. Specimens have been found in pine, fir trees, as well as willow (Blake 1967)." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:35 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39139-LifeCycle 39139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Species is very active at night, mostly sedentary during the day. Even when active, this species is rarely spotted flying. Instead, adults move by climbing along host plants, only flying when necessary. There is little to no sexual dimorphism within the genus, and as such there is not a reliable method of sexing adults. Egg clusters are deposited in and under the bark of Vitis vinifera, or table grapes, as well as other host plants. After hatching, larvae drop to the ground and enter the soil, were they mature and may overwinter. Eggs are laid in batches of 12 to 44 eggs at a time, and females can lay multiple batches of eggs without mating each time. The males are extremely aggressive in courtship, and often engage in mate guarding post-copulation. Males have been recorded to remain mounted on females for 4-5 hours, which interferes with subsequent oviposition by females. As such, females tend to reproduce less when in the extended company of males (Blake 1967, Bentley 2009, Stern & Johnson 1984)." 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:35 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39139-TrophicStrategy 39139 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Adults eat plant buds and immature leaves of a variety of plants. Larvae feed on the roots of host plant underground (Stern & Johnson 1984). 3/5/14 10:00 3/6/14 11:35 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38252-ConservationStatus 38252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The impact of the species is mostly aesthetic. Eriococcus spurius does not appear to be capable of causing tree mortality on its own (Dreistadt and Hagen 1994, Williams 1985), although heavy infestations can cause branch dieback, and adults produce honeydew in large amounts (Dreistadt and Hagen, 1994). Nevertheless, E. spurius is considered an invasive pest in parts of North America where it is prevalent, and control of the species has been attempted since the late 1930s, when hymenopteran parasitioids of the species, Coccophagus insidiator (Dalman) was introduced to infested areas in California (Flanders, 1952). The City of Calgary controls E. spurius using pesticides injected into host trees, as well as removal of adults using power washers, a method that can prove effective, although temporary (City of Calgary, 2011)." 1/19/12 14:44 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38252-Distribution 38252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "First described in Europe in the 1700s (Williams, 1985), the first E. spurius in North American was detected in California in 1893 (Herbert 1924)." 1/19/12 14:44 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38252-GeneralDescription 38252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A fairly distinct scale insect, adult females are approximately 3 mm long, and 1.8 mm wide, and oval in shape (Williams, 1985). They appear to be dark brown or black, and each individual is surrounded by a white lacelike substance. Closer inspection of individuals removed from the tree reveals that they are in fact a deep, reddish purple hue (Dreistadt and Hagen, 1994). No features other than setae are discernable from the dorsal side, but ventrally, antennae, mouthparts, and vestigial legs are visible." 1/19/12 14:44 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38252-Habitat 38252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "This species is restricted to elm trees (genus Ulmus) (Williams, 1985). Since elm trees of any variety are not native to Alberta, the scale is restricted to urban areas where elm trees are planted. Eriococcus spurius is a common pest in Calgary (Mader, 2011), and although periodic outbreaks do occur, heavy infestations do not tend to persist in Edmonton (M. Jenkins, 2011, pers. comm.)." 1/19/12 14:44 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38252-LifeCycle 38252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adult females are sessile, and present on branches, feeding through the bark. They are univoltine, producing eggs in early summer, which hatch into nymphs or ""crawlers"". These migrate to leaves or young branches upon hatching, where they feed for a portion of the season before migrating back to older branches where they enclose themselves in cocoon-like structures and overwinter without maturing. In the spring, nymphs that have overwintered become adults (Dreistadt and Hagen, 1994). Like most scale insects, males are rare, and females are possibly capable of parthenogenesis (Williams, 1985)." 1/19/12 14:44 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38252-TrophicStrategy 38252 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Both adults and nymphs feed on elm trees exclusively (Williams 1985). They have been found on a number of elm species, including the English elm (Ulmus procera), Siberian elm (U. pumila), American elm (U. amaricanus) and field elm (U. minor) (Dreistadt and Hagen, 1994). Ulmus pumila appears to be a less suitable host for E. spurius than either U. amaricanus and U. procera, which can be infested with large populations of E. spurius (Dreistadt and Hagen, 1994)." 1/19/12 14:44 1/14/14 9:11 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39137-ConservationStatus 39137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Nothing indicating that the species is rare or threatened. Within its range, it is commonly reported." 3/5/14 9:59 3/6/14 11:46 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39137-Cyclicity 39137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults emerge from underground in early summer, and are present during the remaining summer months. The Strickland Museum specimens indicate that C. auratus is common into late summer, as many specimens were collected between June and August." 3/5/14 9:59 3/6/14 11:46 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39137-Distribution 39137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found across the United States, from southern Canada to New Mexico (Dobler & Farrell 1999), east of the Rocky Mountains. In Utah and Arizona, species can be found extending west into the Rocky Mountains (Peterson et al. 2001). In Canada, species can be found in eastern Alberta, and southern Saskatchewan. Specimens from the Strickland Museum have been collected from the Medicine Hat area, New Jersey, and Chicago." 3/5/14 9:59 3/6/14 11:46 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39137-GeneralDescription 39137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "6.8-11.3 mm in length. Vivid metallic golden green in colour, with green abdominal sterna (Peterson et al. 2001). Antennae and legs are dark blue in colour, and antennae are filiform and 12-jointed. The mandibles are adapted for herbivory, and the left is longer than the right. The left mandible rests inside a groove on the right (Wilson 1934)." 3/5/14 9:59 3/6/14 11:46 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39137-Habitat 39137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Species occupies habitat where host plants are found, and range from riparian to agricultural areas. Often found in open, disturbed areas, or along forest edges, lakeshores, and areas with gravelly soil. (Dobler & Farrel 1999 and Peterson et al. 2001)." 3/5/14 9:59 3/6/14 11:46 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39137-LifeCycle 39137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Along with C. colbaltinus, C. auratus is the only North American representative of the genus (Peterson et al. 2001). Their host plants provide them with chemical compounds called cardenolides, which are used for predator defense (Dobler & Farrell 1999). Species exhibit little sexual dimorphism. They produce a single generation per year. First instar larvae hatch in midsummer, and burrow into the soil, where they pupate. The average lifespan is approximately 6 to 8 weeks. They mate once per day during their lifespan, usually early in the day, and males engage in post-copulatory mate guarding, which can last for 1.5 hours. They have been found to engage in interspecific copulation with C. colbaltinus, producing viable offspring with unique behaviour and phenotype, although hybrids tend to be sterile (Peterson et al. 2001)." 3/5/14 9:59 3/6/14 11:46 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39137-TrophicStrategy 39137 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Species feeds on dogbane plants, Apocynaceae (Dobler & Farrell 1999). The larvae are obligate root feeders, and adults eat the leaves of larval host plants (Peterson et al. 2001). Species has been reported to feed on milkweed plants, but research with food choice trials has indicated that many individuals will only feed on dogbane species (Dobler & Farrell 1999)." 3/5/14 9:59 3/6/14 11:46 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39125-Cyclicity 39125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults emerge in April (Lawson 1950) varying somewhat by region but being present at least until August (McCracken 1906, Strickland Collection)." 3/4/14 11:43 10/29/14 16:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39125-Distribution 39125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "According to Lawson, these beetles are found throughout southern Canada and the United States (1950). The Strickland collection includes specimens collected in the Northwest Territories as well as the southern half of Alberta." 3/4/14 11:43 10/29/14 16:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39125-GeneralDescription 39125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Larvae have few spines, their bodies change from yellow to black to green throughout their instar stages. A diagram from Lawson shows their bodies as being spotted. Their head capsules are dorso-ventrally flat and usually darker than their bodies (Lawson 1950). Two known colour morphs of adults exist, one metallic green and one black with a metallic blue sheen (McCracken 1906). No difference appears to exist between the two adult colour morphs (Lawson 1950), however all beetles start out as black, while those with a recessive gene later develop green colouration (McCracken 1906).They have fewer tiny depressions spread over the head and thorax compared to the elytra which are very punctate. They are 4-5 mm in length and are oblong oval in shape. Their sternites, antennae, and legs are purplish black (Blatchley 1910)." 3/4/14 11:43 10/29/14 16:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39125-Habitat 39125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "May have similar habitats as G. polygoni and G.viridula which are often found in cultivated areas with homogenous plant communities (fields of hay or cereals, yards)." 3/4/14 11:43 10/29/14 16:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39125-LifeCycle 39125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Pupation occurs in the soil (Lawson 1950).They may be multivoltine, similar to G. viridula ." 3/4/14 11:43 10/29/14 16:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39125-TrophicStrategy 39125 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Herbivorous on Rheum rhabarbarum (rhubarb) and several species within the plant genus Rumex (dock) (Lawson 1950). 3/4/14 11:43 10/29/14 16:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24322-ConservationStatus 24322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common (Hutchings and Halstead, 2011)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24322-Cyclicity 24322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June to September in British Columbia (Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24322-Distribution 24322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Spans southern Canada from British Columbia to Labrador. Found as far south as Minnesota and New York (Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24322-GeneralDescription 24322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Blue or green notched stripes on lateral sides of thorax (Figure 2). Very similar in appearance to Canada Darners (A. canadensis) but different by having a larger size,a notched posterior thoracic stripe, and a black horizontal line bisecting the frons. They are easily differentiated from other congeneric species by their large sizes and their thoracic stripe pattern(Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24322-Habitat 24322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Including but not limited to: lakes, ponds, fens, and bogs(Hutchings and Halstead, 2011)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24322-LifeCycle 24322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females oviposit on floating vegetation and in emergent plant stems. Nymphs are aquatic predators among vegetation. Adults are terrestrial and hunt insects in flight (Cannings, 2002). They areoften found in feeding swarms in great numbers (Hutchings and Halstead, 2011)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24322-TrophicStrategy 24322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Both adults and nymphs are predatory (Cannings, 2002)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29105-ConservationStatus 29105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not currently a concern. Populations of O. severus are widespread in their range and are not presently declining. 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29105-Cyclicity 29105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have a flight season occurring from May to September. 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29105-Distribution 29105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found commonly in western Canada and United States, but specimens have been collected as far east as Ontario. Not typically found north of the British Columbia and Yukon border." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29105-GeneralDescription 29105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Coloration of Ophiogomphus severus is similar to its close relatives, except that O. severus has a larger proportion of black across the entire body. The head and eyes are yellow with a black line across the frons and a black vertex. Eyes do not meet dorsally. Thorax is more greenish yellow than the head and abdomen with a diagnostic dark brown oval on the prothorax. Both the forewings and the hindwings have a yellow costal vein, but dark venation color throughout the rest of the wing. Leg segments show a mottled color pattern, the leg base yellow, the tarsi black and the femur and tibia displaying both colours. Abdomen is primarily yellow and black. Lateral stripes are continuous from the first to the terminal abdominal segment while the dorsal stripe is arranged as a row of large yellow spots ending on the ninth segment. Caudal appendages are also entirely yellow. Males and females of this species look very similar, but can be differentiated by more color on the legs of the female (Needham, et al 2000).\n

This species is divided into two subspecies: Ophiogomphus severus severus Hagen (described above) and Ophiogomphus severus montanus Selys which is described as having a larger lateral brown spot on the prothoracic segment and more black on segment 10 of the abdomen (Needham, et. al. 2000).

" 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29105-Habitat 29105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Near freshwater lakes, rivers and streams, with coarse substrate." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29105-LifeCycle 29105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In 2004, K. Gibbs et al studied six species of Ophiogomphus that were found coexisting in Maine. Ophiogomphus severus was not included in this study, but it can be assumed that it has a similar life history to its closely relatives because of their synchronous emergence patterns. Sexually mature adults are completely terrestrial and are capable of flying great distances over land in search for food, but most of the adult life is spent near water where mate selection, reproduction and oviposition take place. Mating usually occurs during June, July and August. Females oviposit their eggs close to a shallow freshwater source. Aquatic nymphs emerge shortly after and enter a series of 9 to 15 molts before reaching the final instar larval phase. Instars then overwinter in diapause, emerging from the water and undergoing complete metamorphosis two years later as a winged adult." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29105-TrophicStrategy 29105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults typically feed on other flying insects found near aquatic environments such as mosquitoes, but diet also includes flies, ants and small other small flying insects." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28198-ConservationStatus 28198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not currently a concern. The boreal snaketail is widespread and extremely abundant within its range. 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28198-Cyclicity 28198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Flying from early May to late August or early September (Needham et. al., 1955)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28198-Distribution 28198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found commonly coast to coast across Canada and north eastern United States, but not common south of Pennsylvania." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28198-GeneralDescription 28198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Coloration is dominantly green on the head, eyes and thorax, with a black outline around the labrum and facial sutures as well as black lateral stripes on thorax. Eyes do not meet dorsally on the head. The anterior thoracic strip is divided by a narrow green line seen in many other Ophiogomphus species. Legs are entirely black, except for trace green markings on the femora and tibia of females. The abdomen is primarily black with interrupted dorsal and lateral stripes that appear bright yellow and noticeably widen on enlarged segments 7, 8 and 9 and continue on to the caudal appendages of males. Length of the abdomen can vary up to 10mm between individuals. Unlike most other species, male boreal snaketails have small dark coloured horns on their head similar to females; however, females of this species have two pairs of horns, one in front and one behind the eye (Needham et. al. 2000)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28198-Habitat 28198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Near freshwater bodies, such as lakes or streams." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28198-LifeCycle 28198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In 2004, K. Gibbs et. al. studied several species of Ophiogomphus coexisting in Maine. Ophiogomphus colubrinus was not included in this study, but it can be assumed that it has a similar life history to its close relatives because of the discovery of synchronous emergence patterns of Ophiogomphus species. Sexually mature adults are completely terrestrial and are capable of flying great distances over land in search for food, but most of the adult life is spent near water where mate selection, reproduction and oviposition take place. Mating usually occurs during June, July and August. Females oviposit their eggs close to a shallow freshwater source. Aquatic naiads emerge from the eggs during the summer and molt 9 to 15 times as they develop into the final instar larvae. The final instars enter diapause to overwinter under the ice and emerge from the water two years later. Metamorphosis is complete when the larvae emerge from the water and then molt into winded adults." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28198-TrophicStrategy 28198 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Diet is likely very similar to other species of Ophiogomphus, consisting mainly of mosquitoes and other aquatic flying insects found near water.

Naiad diet includes aquatic larvae and other small animals it is able to grasp, like fish and tadpoles.

" 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38666-ConservationStatus 38666 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The Luna Moth is at the extreme northwestern edge of its range in northeastern Alberta. It's presence in Alberta was confirmed for the first time in 2012, when at least three adults were photographed in Fort McMurray, and the images forwarded to the University of Alberta or the Royal Alberta Museum. It is not uncommon throughout most of its range, and is not considered to be in need of protection in any jurisdiction. The discovery and reporting of Luna Moths at Fort McMurray in 2012 resulting in the Citizens of Fort McMurray being awarded the Alberta Lepidoptera Guild's ""Lepidoptera of the Year Award"", awarded each year for the most significant lepidoptera discovery of the year." 5/13/13 9:02 5/13/13 9:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38666-Cyclicity 38666 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "There is a single annual brood in Alberta, with adults in June and possibly early July." 5/13/13 9:02 5/13/13 9:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38666-Distribution 38666 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The Luna Moth is found throughout much the eastern hardwood forests of Canada and the USA. It extends west across Canada in the Boreal forest, barely reaching Alberta in the northeastern corner of the province, where at least three specimens were photographed in June of 2013." 5/13/13 9:02 5/13/13 9:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38666-GeneralDescription 38666 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "An unmistakable moth! A large (wingspan approximately 10 cm), bright green and yellow-green moth with a long, narrow tail trailing off each hindwing. Each wing also has a small but prominent eyespot, partially ringed with red-brown. Male antennae are broadly bipectinate, female antennae narrowly bipectinate. The body is clothed in fur-like yellow-brown scales." 5/13/13 9:02 5/13/13 9:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38666-Habitat 38666 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "The Luna Moth is a denizen of mixedwood and hardwood forests, in Alberta most likely to be found in the northern Boreal forest where white birch is present." 5/13/13 9:02 5/13/13 9:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38666-LifeCycle 38666 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In Alberta adults appear and mate in June. The larvae feed through the summer until mature in late summer, then pupate in a papery cocoon for the winter. The mature larvae are large, fat-looking bright green caterpillars with a faint yellow lateral stripe and a narrow yellow band bordering each segment. There are several small scarlet dots in a band on each segment. Mature larvae are about 6.5 cm. in length." 5/13/13 9:02 5/13/13 9:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38666-TrophicStrategy 38666 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Although the Luna is known to use a number of deciduous trees as hosts in eastern North America, birch is one of its most favored and white birch (Betula papyrifera) is the probable host in Alberta." 5/13/13 9:02 5/13/13 9:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22096-ConservationStatus 22096 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common (Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22096-Cyclicity 22096 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June to October in British Columbia (Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22096-Distribution 22096 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Spans southern Canada from British Columbia to Newfoundland. Found as far south as Minnesota and New Jersey (Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22096-GeneralDescription 22096 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Half blue and half yellow stripes on lateral sides of thorax narrow or broken into spots as the scientific name suggests (see lateral image).Most other congeneric species (e.g. A. eremita and A. juncea) have more prominent and unbroken thoracic stripes (Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22096-Habitat 22096 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lakes and ponds with vegetation and open water (Hutchings and Halstead, 2011)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22096-LifeCycle 22096 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females oviposit on floating vegetation. Nymphs are aquatic predators among vegetation. Adults are terrestrial and hunt insects in flight (Cannings, 2002). Adults are capable of migrating in large numbers across long distances (Catling and Kostiuk, 2008)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 22096-TrophicStrategy 22096 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Both adults and nymphs are predatory (Cannings, 2002)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:43 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24208-ConservationStatus 24208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Common (Cannings, 2002)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24208-Cyclicity 24208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "June to September in British Columbia (Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24208-Distribution 24208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Circumpolar in boreal regions around the world (Hutchings and Halstead, 2011)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24208-GeneralDescription 24208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Blue and yellow stripes on lateral sides thorax are straight and broad (Figure 2). Similar in appearance to Subarctic Darners(A. subarctica) but differnt by having straight thoracic stripes (instead of slightly notched). Also somewhat similar to Variable Darners (A. interrupta) but different by having broader thoracic stripes. They are easily differentiated from other congeneric species by their thoracic stripe pattern (Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24208-Habitat 24208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Lakes, ponds, fens, and sedge marshes (Paulson, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24208-LifeCycle 24208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females oviposit on floating vegetation. Nymphs are aquatic predators among vegetation and are mainly found in acidic waters. Adults are terrestrial and hunt insects in flight (Cannings, 2002)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24208-TrophicStrategy 24208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Both adults and nymphs are predatory (Cannings, 2002)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 11:48 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28901-ConservationStatus 28901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very widespread species in North America (Lung and Sommer 2001). 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:12 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28901-Cyclicity 28901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight season is from June to September or October (Paulson 2009). 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:12 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28901-Distribution 28901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found from Newfoundland west to central Yukon; from southern Alaska south to central California, northern Taxes, and North Carolina (Catling 2007)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:12 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28901-GeneralDescription 28901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Approximately 3 cm red meadowhawk with reddish face, yellowish wing bases, and black legs. Black stripes are found on the lateral sides of abdomen. Males have red eyes whereas females have brownish red eyes. Immatures have yellowish face and yellowish brown body. Both the face and the body turn red as they reach maturity (Paulson 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:12 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28901-Habitat 28901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Shallow marshes that may dry up in summers (Paulson 2009) and grasslands (Cannings 2002). 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:12 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28901-LifeCycle 28901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Males creates small territories that are often close to other males' territories at dry grassy basins (Paulson 2009). The mating season recorded ranges from late July to mid August (Cannings and Cannings 1997). They mate in a wheel position often for an extended period of time. Oviposition can be either solo or in tandem (Paulson 2009), meaning the female’s head is grasped by male’s abdominal tip. The female drops her eggs on dried up pond basins or in wet lawns below knee height (Paulson 2009). Eggs hatches when the places are filled with water. Adults emerges between late June and late July (Cannings and Cannings 1997)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:12 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 28901-TrophicStrategy 28901 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Bottom dwelling aquatic nymphs feed on many small soft body arthropods and vertebrates in water. Terrestrial adults feed on many small flying insects such as diptera, flying ants and termites, or moths (Lung and Sommer 2001)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:12 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30186-ConservationStatus 30186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Very widespread species, especially in western North America (Lung and Sommer 2001)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30186-Cyclicity 30186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight season is from late June to mid September or October (Hutchings and Halstead 2011). 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30186-Distribution 30186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Found from Alaska to Newfoundland and Labrador, south to northern California and Wisconsin, as well as some parts of northern United States. It is also found in northern Europe and Eurasia (Paulson 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30186-GeneralDescription 30186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Approximately 3 centimeter meadowhawk with black and yellow patterns. Males are almost entirely black with few yellow stripes and have metallic face. Females have reddish-brown eyes with pale green colours. The thorax and abdomen is mostly yellow with black stripes on lateral sides and the costal veins on both wings are yellow. Immature adults are yellow with lighter black or brown patterns on thorax and abdomen, and will gradually turn darker as they become mature (Paulson 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30186-Habitat 30186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Mountain areas (Cannings 2002), bogs, fens, and marshes with dense vegetations (Paulson 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30186-LifeCycle 30186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults emerge around mid July to late August (Cannings and Cannings 1997). Unlike cherry-faced meadowhawks, the black meadowhawks are not territorial (Paulson 2009). The mating season is from August to early September (Cannings and Cannings 1997). Most of them mate away from the water, then come to water for oviposition in tandem by noon. Oviposition can happen either in tandem or alone. The female drop eggs from air into open water or on moss (Paulson 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30186-TrophicStrategy 30186 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Aquatic nymphs feed on many small soft body arthropods and vertebrates in water. Terrestrial flying adults feed on many small and soft bodied flying insects (Lung and Sommer 2001). 1/14/09 10:18 3/18/14 8:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39059-ConservationStatus 39059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not a concern. 1/9/14 8:26 4/2/14 14:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39059-Cyclicity 39059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Typically fly from late May through late August. 1/9/14 8:26 4/2/14 14:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39059-Distribution 39059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Commonly seen in Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec as well as north eastern United States. (Needham, et. al. 2000)" 1/9/14 8:26 4/2/14 14:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39059-GeneralDescription 39059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Gomphus adelphus is similar in appearance to its close relatives, having greenish yellow and black bodies, and a stocky abdomen with segments 7, 8, and 9 enlarged. It is distinguished from other species by black borders completely surrounding a wide yellow frons and a black inverted triangle dividing the labrum. The eyes are separated dorsally on the head. Thin yellow stripe partially divides black lateral thoracic stripe along the carina. Majority of the abdomen is black, with a pale dorsal line narrowing on the middle segments and terminating somewhere on the distal three segments. Spotted lateral abdominal lines are also narrow, but widen on the enlarged segments. Males have black claspers on terminal segment. Females generally exhibit more yellow colour on the end of the abdomen and erect spines on the head behind the ocelli. Adults are usually no more than 46mm in length (Needham et. al. 2000)." 1/9/14 8:26 4/2/14 14:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39059-Habitat 39059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Low vegetation near freshwater lakes and rivers. 1/9/14 8:26 4/2/14 14:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39059-LifeCycle 39059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Terrestrial adults find mates near freshwater bodies during the summer months. The female will oviposit her eggs near the water where aquatic nymphs are able to enter the water once they emerge. A study on other Gomphus species reveal that June and July have the highest densities of larval emergence during the summer (Braccia et. al. 2007). As the nymphs develop, they will go through successive molts with up to 12 instars. The nymphs overwinter in diapause under the ice. After two years, the nymphs will emerge from the water and undergo the final larval molt, completing metamorphosis and becoming sexually mature winged adults." 1/9/14 8:26 4/2/14 14:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39059-TrophicStrategy 39059 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Much like other Gomphids, G. adelphus diet consists of, but is not limited to, other flying insects found near freshwater. Naiads will feed on other aquatic arthropod larvae as well as very small fish and amphibians." 1/9/14 8:26 4/2/14 14:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39126-ConservationStatus 39126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Due to their being an invasive species from Europe (Lesage and Majka 2009) and their widespread distribution, conservation efforts do not seem warranted." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 14:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39126-Cyclicity 39126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "April to October (Blatchley 1910), varying somewhat by region." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 14:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39126-Distribution 39126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Throughout Europe, western and central Asia, the United States, and Canada (Borowiec 2011, Islami and Nikbakhtzadeh 2009, and Lesage and Majk 2009). The Strickland collection includes specimens collected in the southern half of Alberta and Ontario." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 14:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39126-GeneralDescription 39126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Have fewer tiny depressions spread over the head and thorax compared to the elytra which are very punctate. They are 4-5 mm in length and are oblong oval in shape. Antennal bases, thoraces and legs red/orange (Blatchley 1910). Elytra and head are black, with a metallic blue or green sheen (Lesage and Majka 2009)." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 14:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39126-Habitat 39126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Accoding to Blatchley (1910) the habitat of this species is ""... in yards and along pathways” and in cereal fields (Lesage and Majka 2009)." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 14:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39126-LifeCycle 39126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "They may pupate in the soil, similar to G.cyanea . They may be multivoltine, similar to G. viridula." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 14:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39126-TrophicStrategy 39126 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Will eat cultivated buckwheat (Lesage and Majka 2009). They have been considered as a potential form of control for Rumex spp. (Piesk et al. 2011, Lesage and Majk 2009), Polygonum spp.(Blatchley 1910, Lesage and Majka 2009) and Fallopia spp. (Lesage and Majka 2009)." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 14:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39127-ConservationStatus 39127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Is vulnerable to flooding, especially during the late instar larval stages (Whittaker et al. 1979)." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 15:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39127-Cyclicity 39127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity May to October (Whittaker et al. 1979). 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 15:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39127-Distribution 39127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "England (Whittaker et al. 1979). Throughout Europe, Asia, the United States (Borowiec 2011) and Canada. The Strickland collection includes specimens collected in the southern half of Alberta." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 15:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39127-GeneralDescription 39127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Beetles have green heads, elytra and legs with a metallic sheen. Species in the Strickland collection match descriptions of other members of the genus that are 4-5 mm in length and are oval oblong in shape. Females are larger than males. Their elytra are heavily punctate, similar to G. polygoni ." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 15:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39127-Habitat 39127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Hay fields, preferring homogenized host environments (Smith and Whittaker 1980)." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 15:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39127-LifeCycle 39127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species is multivoltine and overwinter as adults (Whittaker et al. 1979). Adults do not appear to fly, but move strictly by walking (Whittaker et al. 1979). Sex ratios in this species are biased, with twice as many males as females, likely promoting competition among males for mates (Voight et al. 2010)." 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 15:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39127-TrophicStrategy 39127 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Ideal host plant was Rumex obtusifolius; feeding on R. acetosa leads to slowed development and fewer eggs oviposited (Voight et al. 2010 and Smith and Whittaker 1980). 3/4/14 11:44 4/1/14 15:03 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39140-ConservationStatus 39140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Very widespread species in North America (Lung and Sommer 2001). 3/5/14 14:30 2/27/15 14:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39140-Cyclicity 39140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Flight season is between mid June to mid October in western Canada (Cannings 2002). 3/5/14 14:30 2/27/15 14:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39140-Distribution 39140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Rare in northeastern North America. This species ranges from British Columbia east to Ontario and Nova Scotia, and from southern Northwest Territories south to Kentucky, Virginia, and Maryland (Paulson 2009)." 3/5/14 14:30 2/27/15 14:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39140-GeneralDescription 39140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Approximately 3 centimeter meadowhawk with white face, black abdominal patterns, and black legs. Males have reddish-brown eyes and red abdomen with black triangle patterns. The thorax is brown, but sometimes may look paler on the lateral sides. The legs are reddish black. Females reddish brown and pale green colours on their eyes and pale yellow on face. The colour of the thorax is brown, darker at the front and lighter on the sides. The abdomen is also brown, but has black patterns (Paulson 2009)." 3/5/14 14:30 2/27/15 14:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39140-Habitat 39140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Marshes, bogs, fens that may or may not dry up in summers (Paulson 2009); forest areas (Cannings 2002)." 3/5/14 14:30 2/27/15 14:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39140-LifeCycle 39140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The process of mating is in a wheel position often for an extended period of time. Oviposition can happen alone or in tandem. After mating, the male may release the female and both land. During oviposition, the male will guard around her, whereas the female will either fly up to drop eggs or just perch to lay eggs into shallow water. The eggs then overwinter and hatch in the spring (Paulson 2009). The adults emerge in the evening (Lung and Sommer 2001) when the flight season begins." 3/5/14 14:30 2/27/15 14:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39140-TrophicStrategy 39140 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Bottom dwelling aquatic nymphs feed on many small soft body arthropods and vertebrates in water. Terrestrial adults feed on many small soft-bodied flying insects (Lung and Sommer 2001). 3/5/14 14:30 2/27/15 14:16 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39141-ConservationStatus 39141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Common. 3/6/14 9:02 3/6/14 14:10 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39141-Cyclicity 39141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Late May to late July. 3/6/14 9:02 3/6/14 14:10 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39141-Distribution 39141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Alaska and Yukon east to northwestern Ontario south to Minnesota, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, Montana, Colorado, Utah. Southernmost locality the Uinta mountains of Utah, only located in 2 locations in Alberta. (ABMI, 2012)" 3/6/14 9:02 3/6/14 14:10 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39141-GeneralDescription 39141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are small (35-40 mm) with a dark brown or red and black body and conspicuously white face. Characteristic of the family Libellulidae, the eyes are broadly contiguous, the wings are held wide open when perched, and the anal loop of the hindwing is distinctive (foot-shaped, with a well-developed toe). Like all Leucorrhinia species, the face is white, but L. borealis can be distinguished byreddish-gold shield-like spots on the top of most abdominal segments, and the spot on the 7th abdominal segment is longer than wide and extends to the end of the segment (Paulson 2007).\nLeucorrhinia larvae are small, smooth and greenish in appearance with brownish markings (Bright 1998). The following characters distinguish Libellulidae: prementum and palpal lobes cup-shaped (as opposed to flat), palpal lobe with small, regular teeth (as opposed to large, irregular teeth), head without erect, frontal horn, ventral surface of prementum without a basal, median groove. The following characters distinguish Leucorrhinia: paraprocts variable but not strongly decurved, eyes somewhat large with convergent margins of head behind eyes (as opposed to small eyes with nearly parallel head margins), distinct middorsal hook absent on segment IX and present on segment VIII, posterolateral spines of abdominal segment VIII shorter (as opposed to longer) than middorsal length of segment (Tennessen 2007). Species identification is difficult for a non-expert." 3/6/14 9:02 3/6/14 14:10 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39141-Habitat 39141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Common in bogs and marshes with floating vegetation. This species may prefer deep-water sedge meadows, even though they are often found in sedge marshes. The larvae are often found lurking in vegetation or bottom debris to ambush prey. Adults can occasionally be found in large numbers, perching on the bark of light-colored trees." 3/6/14 9:02 3/6/14 14:10 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39141-LifeCycle 39141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adult flight period varies with region. The flight period of a single adult is relatively short, lasting one week to perhaps more than a month. The majority of the dragonfly life cycle is spent as an aquatic larva, which is also the overwintering life-stage of this species. Depending on conditions, individuals may spend more than one winter as larvae, although this may be unlikely since their shallow marsh habitats often dry up. Upon emergence from the larval stage, young adults (tenerals) may wander for a time before returning to their larval site or another suitable area to mate. Some adults will usually be present at locations where the species reproduces. NatureServe (2008) designates sightings more than 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) apart as separate populations, but little is known about their dispersal and colonization ability. Their strong flying ability makes them able to be good colonists, and reach sites a few kilometers apart." 3/6/14 9:02 3/6/14 14:10 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39141-TrophicStrategy 39141 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae feed on aquatic animals, including invertebrates and possibly small vertebrates, while adults feed on flying insects (Merritt et al. 2008)." 3/6/14 9:02 3/6/14 14:10 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21422-Cyclicity 21422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity May to August. 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21422-Distribution 21422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Only recorded from one location in the northeastern part of Alberta. (ABMI,2012)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21422-GeneralDescription 21422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Hudsonian Whiteface has a length of 27 to 30 mm. Male dragonflies are black and marked with red on the thorax and the abdomen with pointed spots on one end that form a line in the top side of the abdomen. The female is a dark brownish color and marked similarly to the male except the markings are yellow instead of black. Both sexes have creamy white faces.\nThe naiad of the Hudsonian Whiteface has a length of 16 to 18 mm. Its abdomen is rounded, which gives it a short, stocky appearance known as the sprawler form. Naiads are brown with three dark stripes marking the length below the abdomen. In some cases, there are tiny hooks on abdominal segments three through six. Every side of abdominal segments eight and nine has a spine that points out away from the abdomen." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21422-Habitat 21422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Cold boggy or marshy ponds. 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21422-LifeCycle 21422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immatures of these dragonflies live in underwater vegetation. They are opportunistic predators and wait for their prey. Immatureschange to adults at night. Many records of this species is sparse, adults are believed to fly from late May to mid-August. They also fly at different times. The hunting occurs from the shoreline vegetation, where this species perches.\nAfter mating, a male guards a female to prevent other males from mating with her. He does this by flying above her while she laying her eggs. It drives away other potential mates or maybe dragonflies of other species.The female lays her eggs by dipping the tip of her abdomen in the water while hovering above the surface." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21422-TrophicStrategy 21422 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The adult dragonflies feed on any soft-bodied flying insect. The naiads feed on larvae and freshwater shrimp. They sometimes eat small fish and tadpoles. 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30322-ConservationStatus 30322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Quite common. 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30322-Cyclicity 30322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Spring through summer. 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30322-Distribution 30322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is common in southern Canada and United States, except for the southern United States.Present in 9 locations in northeastern Alberta. (ABMI, 2012)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30322-GeneralDescription 30322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Males have white faces and a single yellow dorsal dot on the 7th segment of the abdomen. The immature has a yellow marking on the thorax. The female has yellow markings on the abdomen with the same prominent, square dorsal spot on the 7th segment, which is often truncated into a trapezoid. The body varies from 1.1 to 1.3 inches in length. Larvae possess conspicuous epi-cranial protuberances on the frons or vertex." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30322-Habitat 30322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Common around vegetated ponds and lakes, backwaters and ponds." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30322-LifeCycle 30322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The immatures live in submerged vegetation. They do not actively pursue prey but wait for it to pass by, a protection strategy. Adults generally fly from early June to early August and emerge at night. This species prefers warmer habitats than most Whitefaces, and is often found sitting on lily pads in heavily vegetated ponds. It hunts from perches on shoreline vegetation.\nAfter mating, a male will actively guard a female with whom he has mated by flying above her while she lays her eggs to prevent others from mating her. The female lays her eggs by dipping the tip of her abdomen in the water while hovering just above its surface.Females will oviposit preferentially in shallow water areas above vegetation, to increase the egg-hatching rate." 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 30322-TrophicStrategy 30322 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Immatures feed on a wide variety of aquatic larvae and shrimp. They will also eat small fish and tadpoles.The dragonfly adult will eat almost any soft-bodied flying insect. 1/14/09 10:18 3/7/14 10:18 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33857-ConservationStatus 33857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status N. A. 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33857-Cyclicity 33857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult may be seen from June to September with peak activities in July and August (Bright 1976). 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33857-Distribution 33857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "These beetles may be found in Alberta and British Columbia, as well as parts of western USA (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33857-GeneralDescription 33857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are around 3.3 - 4.3mm in length (Bright 1976). The body is generally black or reddish brown. In both males and females, the second sternite is produced anteriorly (weaker in the females) and only the males have an acute tubercle on the posterior margin of the 2nd sternite (Bright 1976, LaBonte et. al. 2003)." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33857-Habitat 33857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Adults may be found on white firs (Abies concolor (Gord and Glend)), douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga spp.), spruce (Picea spp.), and hemlocks (Tsuga spp.). Larvae and pupae will be found in the trunk/bark of these trees." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33857-LifeCycle 33857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females will create galleries with help from the males and may lay from 57 to 260 eggs. Upon hatching, the larvae will feed on wood tissue, moving at right angles from the galleries. Developmental time of larvae will vary depending on environmental conditions. Typically, development will take a shorter time at low elevations or in warmer climates. Pupation often occurs in the bark (Bright 1976). Overwintering behavior may be carried out by both adults and larvae (Bright 1976). Depending on localities and conditions, number of generations produced in a single may vary. In extreme cases, a complete life cycle may require 2 years (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33857-TrophicStrategy 33857 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults will generally attack an individual branch, causing death in said limb, but may also target any parts of the host trees (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33858-ConservationStatus 33858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status N. A. 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33858-Cyclicity 33858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults emerge from late June to August, but some adults have been noted to have emerged in May (possibly due to favourable developmental conditions)." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33858-Distribution 33858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Scolytus unispinosus may be found mostly in southern British Columbia and Alberta, as well are the western parts of the USA (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33858-GeneralDescription 33858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult beetles are 2.6 to 3.5 mm long with black stout bodies (Bright 1976). In both males and females, the abdominal sternite is not concaved, but rather ascends vertically to meet the elytra (which extend over the abdomen) (Bright 1976). A median tubercle may be found on the 2nd sternite and the base of the tubercle is joined with the posterior margin of sternite 2 (Bright 1976, LaBonte et. al. 2003)." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33858-Habitat 33858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat These beetles mostly target Pseudotsuga spp. (Douglas-firs) but may also be found on Abies spp. (firs) (Bright 1976). They are most commonly found in brightly lit sections of the trees and also where the bark layer is relatively thin. 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33858-LifeCycle 33858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females will create galleries in the wood and may lay up to 60 eggs in each gallery. Upon hatching in mid-June to July, the larvae will feed on the wood of host trees, creating feeding galleries that extend from the parental galleries (Bright 1976). Pupation occurs just below the bark. This species of bark beetle will overwinter and only one generation is produced in a single year (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33858-TrophicStrategy 33858 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adult S. unispinosus will attack tree limbs that are in brightly-lit areas and where bark layer is thin. As a result, these beetles generally target smaller branches or twigs. Larvae will feed on woody tissue in the host trees." 1/29/10 10:46 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33860-ConservationStatus 33860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status N. A. 1/29/10 10:47 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33860-Cyclicity 33860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult S. tsugae may usually present from May to early September, with peak activity late June and July (McMullen & Atkins 1959, Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:47 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33860-Distribution 33860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution These beetles may be found along the western coast of Canada and Rocky Mountain region in Canada (McMullen & Atkins 1959). They may also be found in western U.S.A. (Bright 1976). 1/29/10 10:47 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33860-GeneralDescription 33860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The adults of these beetles may be 2.8 to 3.5 m long, with a black body (Bright 1976). In males, the frons is generally flat or slightly convex with course articulation. Females, on the other hand, have frons that is convex with finer articulation (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:47 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33860-Habitat 33860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults may be found most commonly around and on host trees while larvae are always found in tree trunks in galleries (Bright 1976). 1/29/10 10:47 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33860-LifeCycle 33860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species of bark beetles overwinter as larvae (specifically as forth instars) (Bright 1976, McMullen & Atkins 1959). Pupation occurs in the spring in the bark of host trees and adults usually emerge in June and July (Bright 1976, McMullen & Atkins 1959). Egg galleries and oviposition occurs in June and eggs will hatch within 9 to 12 days (McMullen & Atkins 1959). There is only one generation per year (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:47 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33860-TrophicStrategy 33860 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy These beetles tend to infect mostly hemlocks (Tsuga spp.). They may also target firs (Abies spp.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziusii). They feed mostly on dying branches and twigs on the ground around host trees. Larvae feed on the wood of trees (Bright 1976). 1/29/10 10:47 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38253-ConservationStatus 38253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Of concern, populations appear to be declining (Grixti et al. 2009)." 3/15/12 8:39 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38253-Cyclicity 38253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Among the latest of Bombus species to emerge from hibernation and establish nests in spring (Hobbs 1966). 3/15/12 8:39 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38253-Distribution 38253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Western and eastern neartic regions (Williams 1998). 3/15/12 8:39 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38253-GeneralDescription 38253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bombus borealis belongs to the subgenus Subterraneobombus in which females can be distinguished by small ocelli at the supraorbital line (Thorp et al. 1983), while males can be distinguished by spoon-shaped penis valvesthat are turned inwardsas well as the presence of a raised longitudinal keel posteriorly on sternum 6 (Williams et al. 2008)B. borealis individuals have white pile on the face between the eyes;the fifth antennal segment is longer than the fourth or third;the first four abdominal segments are covered with yellow pile, while the remaining segments are black;and the outer surface of the male hind tibia is concave (Franklin 1912). \nThe length of the queen varies from 15 mm to 19 mm; her wing spread from 32 mm to 39 mm; and the width of the second abdominal segment 8 mm to 9.5 mm. Workers vary in length from 10 mm to 15 mm; in wing spread from 26 mm to 32 mm; and in width of the second abdominal segment from 6.5 mm to 8 mm. Males range in length from 12 mm to 15 mm; in wing spread from 26 mm to 31 mm; and in width of second abdominal segment from 6 mm to 7.5 mm (Franklin 1912)." 3/15/12 8:39 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38253-Habitat 38253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Prairie habitats with surface and underground nests (Hobbs 1966). 3/15/12 8:39 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38253-LifeCycle 38253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Alford (1975) outlines the life history of Bombus borealis. Newly mated B. borealis queens overwinter beneath the soil litter and emerge from their hibernacula in late spring. Queens are transitory for a time, growing in size while collecting pollen and looking for a suitable nest. Once a suitable nest has been found, the queen constructs an apple sized hollow structure within it. The queen deposits her eggs within a mound of pollen on the floor of the structure; she also constructs a honeypot for storing nectar. Newly hatched larvae begin consuming the pollen mound, requiring the queen to continue provisioning it. The queen periodically incubates her brood by sitting upon it and respiring to generate body heat. The larvae spin cocoons in the final instars, as do the pupa; the cocoons may be re-used later for storage of pollen or nectar. Upon pupation, the emerged adults take nectar from the honey pot. Once the nest consists of the new young workers and the queen it can be considered a social unit and is referred to as a colony. Subsequent generations are produced differently from the first: new eggs are laid in clumps in cells atop the pupating first generation of workers, and workers are now responsible for provisioning of the growing larva and the honey pot. The caste differentiation of each generation varies throughout the year, with the first generations containing all workers, followed by a worker/male split, followed by mostly males, followed by a male/queen split, followed by mostly queens. The factor initiating queen production has not been established but it appears the colony must reach a size capable of maintaining nest temperatures and food stores before queens are produced. Young queens remain in the colony and will mate during their first week. Males leave the hive and do not return; they establish a methodical flight path and mate with encountered queens. Hobbs (1966) reported that males of B. borealis will attempt to mate with queens in the nest, a behaviour seen in select other Bombus subgenera. Only the newly mated queens will overwinter in hibernacula; males, founder queens, and all workers perish." 3/15/12 8:39 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38253-TrophicStrategy 38253 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Largely unknown; queens have been observed foraging on wild licorice, Glycyrrhizalepidotaof the family Leguminosae (Hobbs 1966)." 3/15/12 8:39 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38254-ConservationStatus 38254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Of concern, populations appear to be in decline (Colla and Packer 2008)." 3/15/12 8:46 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38254-Cyclicity 38254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Males are found flying from early July to early October, workers from early May to late October, and queens from early April to late October (Thorp et al. 1983)." 3/15/12 8:46 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38254-Distribution 38254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western, southern and eastern neartic regions (Williams 1998)." 3/15/12 8:46 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38254-GeneralDescription 38254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Females of the subgenus Fervidobombus have ocelli onthe supraorbital line, and first flagellomere that are shorter than the second and third flagellomeres combined; males have can be distinguished by first flagellomere that are shorter than the third flagellomere and apically turned penis valves (Thorp et al. 1983). Bombus fervidus males have dorsal abdominal segments 1-5 covered with yellow pile with segment 6 covered with black pile; females have dorsal abdominal segments 1-4 covered with yellow pile while segments 5 and 6 have black pile (Franklin 1912). Female wings are darker stained than males; the malar space of both sexes is one-third the length of the eye (Franklin 1912). Bombus fervidus is easily confused with B. californicus, but can be distinguished by yellow pile on the scutellum, thoracic pleura, and metasomaltergites 1-3, while B. californicus has black pile in these areas (Thorp et al. 1983). Franklin (1912) gives the following morphological indices for castes of B. fervidus. Queens range in length from 15 mm to 21 mm; wing spread from 37 mm to 41 mm; and width of second abdominal segment from 8.5 mm to 10.5 mm. Workers vary in length from 8 mm to 15 mm; wing spread from 17 mm to 35 mm; and width of second abdominal segment from 3.5 mm to 8 mm. Length of males ranges from 10 mm to 16 mm; wing spread from 25 mm to 33 mm; and width of second abdominal segment from 6 mm to 8 mm." 3/15/12 8:46 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38254-Habitat 38254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Commonly found in prairie habitats with considerable adaptability in nesting location (Hobbs 1966). 3/15/12 8:46 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38254-LifeCycle 38254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Alford (1975) outlines the life history of Bombus fervidus. Newly mated B. fervidus queens overwinter beneath the soil litter and emerge from their hibernacula in late spring. Queens are transitory for a time, growing in size while collecting pollen and looking for a suitable nest. Once a suitable nest has been found, the queen constructs an apple sized hollow structure within it. The queen deposits her eggs within a mound of pollen on the floor of the structure; she also constructs a honeypot for storing nectar. Newly hatched larvae begin consuming the pollen mound, requiring the queen to continue provisioning it. The queen periodically incubates her brood by sitting upon it and respiring to generate body heat. The larvae spin cocoons in the final instars, as do the pupa; the cocoons may be re-used later for storage of pollen or nectar. Upon pupation, the emerged adults take nectar from the honey pot. Once the nest consists of the new young workers and the queen it can be considered a social unit and is referred to as a colony. Subsequent generations are produced differently from the first: new eggs are laid in clumps in cells atop the pupating first generation of workers, and workers are now responsible for provisioning of the growing larva and the honey pot. The caste differentiation of each generation varies throughout the year, with the first generations containing all workers, followed by a worker/male split, followed by mostly males, followed by a male/queen split, followed by mostly queens. The factor initiating queen production has not been established but it appears the colony must reach a size capable of maintaining nest temperatures and food stores before queens are produced. Young queens remain in the colony and will mate during their first week. Males leave the hive and do not return; they establish a methodical flight path and mate with encountered queens. Only the newly mated queens will overwinter in hibernacula; males, founder queens, and all workers perish. \nBombus fervidus queens required an average 27 days to produce the first generation of workers, and summer colonies consisted of an average 247 individuals (Hobbs 1966)." 3/15/12 8:46 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38254-TrophicStrategy 38254 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Bombus fervidus has been recorded in California foraging on 15 plant families with 34 genera, with the largest proportion being Leguminosae and Compositae (Thorp et al. 1983)." 3/15/12 8:46 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38255-ConservationStatus 38255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown. 3/15/12 9:01 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38255-Cyclicity 38255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Queens may be seen flying from late March to late October; males from late April to late September (Thorp et al. 1983). 3/15/12 9:01 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38255-Distribution 38255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Western and eastern neartic regions (Williams 1998). 3/15/12 9:01 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38255-GeneralDescription 38255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bombus insularis belongs to the subgenus Psithyrus which was historically treated as a separate genus from the rest of the Bombus due to its parasitic lifestyle (Alford 1975). Michener (2000) considers all species formerly treated as Psithyrus to be Bombus. Psithyrusis a parasitic subgenus, and all species lack a worker caste, cannot produce wax, have a stronger exoskeleton, and have no pollen baskets (Alford 1975). Psithyrus males can be distinguished by an almost straight penis valve shaped like an arrow head; the hind tibia of Psithyrus queens is convex with a hairy outer surface (Williams 2008). Bombus insularis queens have yellow pile covering the mesopleura to the base of legs, dark venter, fourth antennal segments that are much shorter than the third or the fifth, and moderately stained wings (Franklin 1912). Bombus insularis can be distinguished from the closely related Bombus fernaldae by the presence of yellow hair between the antennal bases (Thorp et al. 1983). Queens vary in length from 13.5 mm to 18 mm; in wingspan from 32 mm to 38 mm; and in width of second abdominal segment from 7 mm to 9 mm (Franklin 1912)." 3/15/12 9:01 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38255-Habitat 38255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Found in a wide range of habitats due to its parasitic lifestyle (Alford 1975). 3/15/12 9:01 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38255-LifeCycle 38255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Bombus insularis is a cleptoparasite of the nests of other Bombus species. Bombus insularis parasitizes at least 6 other Bombus subgenera (Thorp et al. 1983), an unusually large host range for the Psithyrus subgenus which normally specializes in a single subgenus (Alford 1975). Alford (1975) reviews the life history of B. insularis. Queens of B. insularis emerge later in spring than other Bombus queens and forage on pollen and nectar until a suitable nest to invade is found. Mature nests that were founded earlier in the year appear to be preferred, although entrance to the colony is normally easier if the colony is smaller. The queen enters the nest and will remain motionless with legs drawn in close if she is attacked. Upona successful entrance, the queen will hide for a short time, presumably to acquire the odor of the colony to avoid further attacks by workers. Sometimes B. insularis queens will kill the host queens, but often they are able to cohabitate. She will then construct her own egg cells and quickly lay eggs, sometimes feeding on the host brood. Her eggs and larva are reared by the host workers alongside the host brood. The newly emerged queens and males will immediately leave the nest to acquire mates. The B. insularis queen will then leave and seek out other nests to parasitize." 3/15/12 9:01 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38255-TrophicStrategy 38255 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Bombus insularis were observed foraging on 16 plant families with 30 genera in California. The predominant families fed upon were Compositae, Rosaceae, Ericaceae, and Polygonaceae (Thorp et al. 1983)." 3/15/12 9:01 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38256-ConservationStatus 38256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Unknown. 3/15/12 9:11 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38256-Cyclicity 38256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Queens found flying from early April to late September, males from early July to late August, and workers from late May to late September (Thorp et al. 1983)." 3/15/12 9:11 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38256-Distribution 38256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Western nearctic region, eastern neartic border (Williams 1998)" 3/15/12 9:11 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38256-GeneralDescription 38256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Bombus nevadensis belongs to the subgenus Bombias in which females have large ocelli well below the supraorbital line and malar space longer than wide; males have protuberant compound eyes, convergent above, with straight penis valves (Thorp et al. 1983). Both sexes of Bombias are further distinguished by hind tibia with a fringe of very short hairs (Williams 2008). Bombus nevadensis females have head and pleura covered with black pile, while the face and pleura of males have yellow pile. The dorsal side of the first three abdominal segments is covered with yellow pile, while the rest are covered with black pile in both sexes (Franklin 1912). The only close ally in the western hemisphere, Bombus auricomus, can be distinguished by a broad black interalar band on females and by apical abdominal segments with black pile on males. \nBombus nevadensis are large bumble bees with queens varying in length from 18 mm to 22 mm; in wing spread from 42 mm to 48 mm; and in width of second abdominal segment from 9.5 mm. Workers range in length from 15 mm to 18 mm; in wing spread from 38 mm to 42 mm; and width of second abdominal segment from 9 mm to 9.5 mm. The length of males varies from 13 mm to 17 mm; wing spread from 32 mm to 37 mm and the width of the second abdominal segment from 7 mm to 8.5 mm." 3/15/12 9:11 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38256-Habitat 38256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Distributed in prairie and woodland habitats, nests primarily underground (Hobbs 1965)." 3/15/12 9:11 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38256-LifeCycle 38256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Alford (1975) outlines the life history of Bombus nevadensis. Newly mated B. nevadensis queens overwinter beneath the soil litter and emerge from their hibernacula in late spring. Queens are transitory for a time, growing in size while collecting pollen and looking for a suitable nest. Once a suitable nest has been found, the queen constructs an apple sized hollow structure within it. The queen deposits her eggs in parallel rows within a mound of pollen on the floor of the structure; she also constructs a honeypot for storing nectar. Newly hatched larvae begin consuming the pollen mound, requiring the queen to continue provisioning it. The queen periodically incubates her brood by sitting upon it and respiring to generate body heat. The larvae spin cocoons in the final instars, as do the pupa; the cocoons may be re-used later for storage of pollen or nectar. Upon pupation, the emerged adults take nectar from the honey pot. Once the nest consists of the new young workers and the queen it can be considered a social unit and is referred to as a colony. Species of the subgenus Bombias are unique as the eggs for subsequent generations are laid singly (rather than in clumps) in cells atop the pupating first generation of workers. The new generation of workers are now responsible for provisioning of the growing larva and the honey pot. The caste differentiation of each generation varies throughout the year, with the first generations containing all workers, followed by a worker/male split, followed by mostly males, followed by a male/queen split, followed by mostly queens. The factor initiating queen production has not been established but it appears the colony must reach a size capable of maintaining nest temperatures and food stores before queens are produced. Young queens remain in the colony and will mate during their first week. Males leave the hive and do not return; they establish a methodical flight path and mate with encountered queens. Only the newly mated queens will overwinter in hibernacula; males, founder queens, and all workers perish. \nBombus nevadensis queens required an average 30.5 days to produce the first brood which had an average 12.4 larvae (Hobbs 1965)." 3/15/12 9:11 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38256-TrophicStrategy 38256 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Bombus nevadensis was reported in California foraging on 7 plant families with 15 genera; most of the diet was from the families Leguminosae, Compositae, Saxifragaceae and Labiatae (Thorp et al. 1983)." 3/15/12 9:11 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38257-ConservationStatus 38257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Of concern, populations rapidly declining (Colla and Packer 2008, Grixti et al. 2009)." 3/15/12 9:21 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38257-Cyclicity 38257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Among the earliest bumblebees to emerge and establish nests in spring (Hobbs 1968). 3/15/12 9:21 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38257-Distribution 38257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution Eastern nearctic region (Williams 1998). 3/15/12 9:21 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38257-GeneralDescription 38257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Females of the subgenus Bombus s. str. can be distinguished by ocelli on the superorbital line, and flagellomere one being equal in length to flagellomere three. Bombus s.str. males can be distinguished by non-protuberant compound eyes, short antennae, and penis valves that form a wide vertical plate (Thorp et al. 1983). Bombus terricola have abdominal segments 1 and 4-6 covered with black pile while segments 2-3 are covered with yellow pile; the malar space is one-fifth to one-sixth the length of the eye(Franklin 1912). Bombus terricola can be distinguished from its close ally Bombus occidentalis nigroscutatus by the presence of yellow pile on the second abdominal segment (Franklin 1912). \nFranklin (1912) describes the queen as varying in length from 15 mm to 18 mm; in wing spread from 37 mm to 40 mm; and in width of second abdominal segment from 10 mm to 10.5 mm. Workers range in length from 10 mm to 14 mm; in wing spread from 26 mm to 33 mm; and in width of second abdominal segment from 5 mm to 8 mm. The length of males varies from 11 mm to 15 mm; wing spread from 27 mm to 33 mm; and the width of second abdominal segment from 6.5 mm to 8 mm." 3/15/12 9:21 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38257-Habitat 38257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Areas with dense vegetation, nests are underground with downward sloping entrances (Hobbs 1968)." 3/15/12 9:21 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38257-LifeCycle 38257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Alford (1975) outlines the life history of Bombus terricola. Newly mated B. terricola queens overwinter beneath the soil litter and emerge from their hibernacula in late spring. Queens are transitory for a time, growing in size while collecting pollen and looking for a suitable nest. Once a suitable nest has been found, the queen constructs an apple sized hollow structure within it. The queen deposits her eggs within a mound of pollen on the floor of the structure; she also constructs a honeypot for storing nectar. Newly hatched larvae begin consuming the pollen mound, requiring the queen to continue provisioning it. The queen periodically incubates her brood by sitting upon it and respiring to generate body heat. The larvae spin cocoons in the final instars, as do the pupa; the cocoons may be re-used later for storage of pollen or nectar. Upon pupation, the emerged adults take nectar from the honey pot. Once the nest consists of the new young workers and the queen it can be considered a social unit and is referred to as a colony. Subsequent generations are produced differently from the first: new eggs are laid in clumps in cells atop the pupating first generation of workers, and workers are now responsible for provisioning of the growing larva and the honey pot. The caste differentiation of each generation varies throughout the year, with the first generations containing all workers, followed by a worker/male split, followed by mostly males, followed by a male/queen split, followed by mostly queens. The factor initiating queen production has not been established but it appears the colony must reach a size capable of maintaining nest temperatures and food stores before queens are produced. Young queens remain in the colony and will mate during their first week. Males leave the hive and do not return; they establish a methodical flight path and mate with encountered queens. Only the newly mated queens will overwinter in hibernacula; males, founder queens, and all workers perish." 3/15/12 9:21 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38257-TrophicStrategy 38257 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Have been observed foraging upon milkweed and dogbane species of the family Apocynaceae (Plowright and Plowright 1998). 3/15/12 9:21 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38259-ConservationStatus 38259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is common and this is not reported in vulnerability status. 3/15/12 9:29 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38259-Cyclicity 38259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity The colony starts in late April or May and decline in late September or October and the nest remain from spring to fall. 3/15/12 9:29 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38259-Distribution 38259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species is restricted to western of North America from Canada to United States. In Canada the species is distributed from central British Columbia to south and east in southern Alberta. In United States this species ranging from Seattle to Arizona. Alberta: Lethbridge, Medicine Lake, Pincher, Waterton. British Columbia: Crankbrook, Fairview, Kamloops, Merrit, Oliver, Penticton, Summerland, Vernon. United States: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming (GBIF 2011, Miller 1961)." 3/15/12 9:29 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38259-GeneralDescription 38259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is black with yellow markings; size between 10 mm and 15 mm. Head: the malar space is below than half as long as the penultimate antennal segment; the occipital carina is incomplete; the ventral part of the scape is yellow opposite the dorsal part of the scape is black. Metasoma: the metasomal tergites are covered with long straight hairs; the central black region of the apex of the second gastral tergum is pointed; male aedeagus with saddle-shaped portion. In some locations the male exhibits two different abdominal color patterns: a xanthic phase with more black than yellow and a melanic phase with more yellow than black (Miller 1961, VanDyk 2003)." 3/15/12 9:29 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38259-Habitat 38259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Neartic species limited to northern region in prairies and grasslands. This species is less abundant in dense forests. 3/15/12 9:29 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38259-LifeCycle 38259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Prairie Yellowjacket is a social species with annual colonies. In later April or early May the queens emerge from diapauses and them looking for nesting places, generally they fly 20 cm above the ground; most queens begin the nest in deserted rodent burrows (Akre et al. 1976). The successful queen burrows about 10-30 cm underground, aerial nest are uncommon. The queen adds cells inside the nest, she lays eggs and takes care of the larvae, the first workers emerge in early June and the queen doesn’t leave the nest again. The workers search food and fibers, care the larvae, clean the cells, feed the queen, the larvae and the males, they exhibit trophallaxis, mauling and ovoposition behavior, and also they protect the colony (Akre et al. 1976). The average of lifespan of a worker is 48 days. The males emerge in mid August, finally the colony decline in September. For the workers the life cycle is completed in approximately 75 days, the queens live more than 5 months. Inside the nest the pupal parasite Sphecophaga vesparum, affect adversely the development of young colonies, S. vesparum may destroy new colonies or retard the normal growth of the colony, the Prairie Yellowjackets workers tend to ignore S. vesparum even if they touch them with the comb (MacDonald et al. 1975, Akre et al. 1976)" 3/15/12 9:29 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38259-TrophicStrategy 38259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "They feed regularly on live prey. They are mostly predators of spiders, harvestmen, caterpillars, flies, hemipterans, soft beetles, butterflies, moths and other bugs, however, this species avoid crickets and slugs. The adults carry their prey or part of them to the nest to feed their larval states. They also feed of flower nectar or sweet substances (Akre et al. 1976)." 3/15/12 9:29 3/6/14 22:00 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39064-ConservationStatus 39064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not currently of any concern. 1/10/14 8:12 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39064-Cyclicity 39064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults may be found from June to September. 1/10/14 8:12 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39064-Distribution 39064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Southern British Columbia east to Manitoba, south to Louisiana & New Mexico, and Mexico (Manley and Pitts 2007)." 1/10/14 8:12 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39064-GeneralDescription 39064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "These wasps are antlike in appearance (Manley and Pitts 2002). Compound eyes somewhat hemispherical. Felt line only present on tergite II. Females: 6-19 mm long and wingless (Williams and Pitts 2013). Setae not plumose (Manley and Pitts 2002). Colour of head and mesosomal integument uniform, ranging from black to reddish-brown (Williams et. al. 2013). Colour of dorsal mesosomal setae also typically uniform. Colour of propodeal, pronotal, and mesonotal setae uniform. Head narrower than pronotum and lacking tubercles posteriorly. Mandibles apically bidentate and nearly straight. Mesonotum rounded laterally. Mesosoma elongate with prominent scutellar scale and raised transverse carina anteriorly. Pygidium with at least 15 narrow grooves. Males: 8-20 mm long and winged. Colour of tergite 2 with yellow to orange areas or entirely reddish-brown. Setal colour of tergites 3-7 uniform, black or orange. Setae of legs, mesonomal pleurae, and propodeum entirely black. Clypeus somewhat bidentate anteriorly with transverse lamella connecting teeth. Mandibles lack notches ventrally (Manley and Pitts 2002). Wing venation normal with a sclerotized pterostigma. Axilla prominent and truncate posteriorly (Manley and Pitts 2002; Williams et. al., 2013). Notauli absent. Tegulae lack pubescence posteriorly (Williams et. al., 2013). Mesopleuron rounded. Two spurs present on mesotibia (Manley and Pitts 2002). Setae on apical end of pygidium (Williams et. al., 2013). Cuspis curves downward and has dense setae ventrally and laterally." 1/10/14 8:12 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39064-Habitat 39064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid sandy regions. 1/10/14 8:12 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39064-LifeCycle 39064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Solitary ectoparasites of ground-dwelling wasps and bees (Mickel 1928). Adult females enter host nests and deposit eggs into diapausing larvae or pupae (Arneson and Pitts 2003). The parasitic larvae then consume the entire host before entering the prepupal stage (Mickel 1928). The size of adults is believed to depend directly on the size of the host larva. Thus, host availability may be the cause of geographic, seasonal, and annual size differences (Deyrup and Manley 1986). Also, females may determine whether to release or withhold sperm upon oviposition depending on host size. As they search for hosts, adult females build new retreats daily (VanderSal 2008). Adults are inactive midday when temperatures are highest (Mickel 1928); however, females have a higher tolerance to high temperatures than males. This is likely due to their reduced mobility. Adult females are reputed to have a very painful sting." 1/10/14 8:12 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39064-TrophicStrategy 39064 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Currently known larval hosts: Bembecinius quinquespinosus (Say), Bembix americana spinolae Lepeletier, Bembix amoena Handlirsch, Bembix pruinosa Fox, Bembix sayi Cresson, Bembix texana Cresson, and Microbembex monodonta (Say) (Williams and Pitts 2013). It is speculated that adult females eat nectar and larvae from host nests (Brothers 1989)." 1/10/14 8:12 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34536-ConservationStatus 34536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is common and this is not reported in vulnerability status (Klinkenberg 2010). 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34536-Cyclicity 34536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Colonies are annual and short lived. Queens choose the nest between April and May. The colony decline in mid September. 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34536-Distribution 34536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This Nearctic species is widely distributed throughout Canada and Boreal region of North America but not reaching Alaska. In Canada this species is present in all states and territories excluding Nunavut. In United States the species is from northern to south of California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, North Dakota, Utah and Wisconsin (GBIF 2011, Buck et al. 2008, Miller 1961)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34536-GeneralDescription 34536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is black with white, ivory or pale yellow markings. The Blackjacket resemble to Baldfaced Hornet and the Northern Yellowjacket, but V. consobrina has no ferruginous markings on abdominal terga 1 and 2. In average the queen size 17 mm, males 15 mm and workers 11 mm. Head: The malar space is below than half as long as the penultimate antennal segment; scape with pale anterior mark; the occipital carina is incomplete; black clypeal mark of female free or extending to clypeus dorsal margin; black clypeal mark of male extending to ventral margin, rarely free; ivory, white or pale yellow strip along inner orbit ending close apex of ocular sinus. Metasoma: the metasomal tergites are covered with long straight hairs; with white or pale yellow bands on metasomal segments; apical fascia on metasomal tergite 1 evanescent or absent; queens have straight fascie on metasomal tergite 4 and 5; male aedeagus with saddle-shaped portion. Xanthic queens with free black discal spots on terga 4 and 5 and linked spots on tergum 2 (Buck et al. 2008, Miller 1961)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34536-Habitat 34536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Nearctic species restricted to northern region in open Boreal forests, prairies, suburban lawns and pastures." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34536-LifeCycle 34536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Blackjacket is a social species with annual colonies. Nests mostly are subterranean building in rodent burrows, also in rotten logs, rock cavities or hollow walls, however, the nests are aerial in some cases and they are built in dark and enclosed places. The colonies are small with less than 100 workers in average. The queen burrows about 10-30 cm underground and she adds cells inside the nest, she lays eggs and takes care of the larvae, the first workers emerge from mid to late June. The workers search food and fibers, help with the colony thermoregulation, care the larvae, clean the cells, feed the queen, the larvae and the males, they exhibit trophallaxis, mauling and ovoposition behavior, and also they protect the colony. The average of lifespan of a worker is 14 days. The males emerge in late July or early August before the emergence of the new queens, finally the colony decline in early September. The parasite Sphecopha vesparum burra is uncommon in the nest of Vespula consobrina, because, the workers are easily disturbed and they tend to inspect all the nest trespassers and they kill them (Akre et al.1982)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34536-TrophicStrategy 34536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Blackjacket are predators and they attack only live prey, they rejected dead bugs. They are mostly predators of small spiders, phalangids, mirids, lygaeids, spittle bugs, house flies, sawflies larvae, caterpillars and smallest grasshoppers. They reject adult butterflies, hard beetles and large hymenopterans. The adults carry their prey or part of them to the nest to feed their larval states. They also feed of flower nectar or sweet substances (Akre et al.1982)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39065-ConservationStatus 39065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Not currently of any concern. 1/10/14 8:21 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39065-Cyclicity 39065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "In Alberta, specimens have been collected from April to September." 1/10/14 8:21 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39065-Distribution 39065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Saskatchewan and Alberta. North Dakota south to Texas, west to California and Oregon. Recorded from the following states in Mexico: Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Veracruz, Zacatecas and south to Oaxaca (Manley and Pitts 2007)." 1/10/14 8:21 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39065-GeneralDescription 39065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "These wasps are antlike in appearance (Manley and Pitts 2002). Compound eyes somewhat hemispherical. Felt line only present on tergite II. Dorsal setae uniformly light orange to red (Manley and Pitts 2007). Females: Wingless. Setae not plumose (Manley and Pitts 2002). Head much narrower than mesosoma, which lacks a scutellar scale (Manley and Pitts 2007). Antennal scrobe carinate dorsally. Sternum II pitted. Males: Winged. Posterolateral angle of the last sternite dentate. Mandibles lack notches ventrally (Manley and Pitts 2002). Wing venation normal with a sclerotized pterostigma. Axilla prominent and notauli absent. Two spurs present on mesotibia." 1/10/14 8:21 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39065-Habitat 39065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Arid sandy regions. 1/10/14 8:21 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39065-LifeCycle 39065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Solitary ectoparasites of ground-dwelling wasps and bees (Mickel 1928). Adult females enter host nests and deposit eggs into diapausing larvae or pupae (Arnesonand Pitts 2003). The parasitic larvae then consume the entire host before entering the prepupal stage (Mickel 1928). The size of adults is believed to depend directly on the size of the host larva. Thus, host availability may be the cause of geographic, seasonal, and annual size differences (Deyrup and Manley 1986). Also, females may determine whether to release or withhold sperm upon oviposition depending on host size. As they search for hosts, adult females build new retreats daily (VanderSal 2008). Adults are inactive midday when temperatures are highest (Mickel 1928); however, females have a higher tolerance to high temperatures than males. This is likely due to their reduced mobility. Adult females are reputed to have a very painful sting." 1/10/14 8:21 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 39065-TrophicStrategy 39065 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Currently known larval hosts: Anthophora occidentalis (Cresson), Diadasia enavata (Cresson), Diadasia bituberculata (Cresson), Diadasia nitidifrons (Cockerell), and Megachile perihirta Cockerell (Manley 2007). It is speculated that adult females eat nectar and larvae from host nests (Brothers 1989)." 1/10/14 8:21 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34537-ConservationStatus 34537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status This species is common and this is not reported in vulnerability status. 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34537-Cyclicity 34537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Colonies are annual and short lived. Queens choose the nest in May. The colony decline in early October. 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34537-Distribution 34537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This Neartic species is widely distributed from Canada to United Sates. In Canada this species is present in all states and territories excluding Nunavut. In United States the species is present in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah and Wisconsin (Buck et al. 2008, Miller 1961)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34537-GeneralDescription 34537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This species is black with white or ivory markings, the body is stout and the wings are smoky. In average the queen size 19 mm, males 14 mm and workers 13 mm (VanDyk 2003). Head: oculo-malar space is large more than half as long as the penultimate antennal segment; with ivory or white pattern on most of the face; black clypeal mark extending from dorsal margin ventrally. Mesosoma: pronotal carina always ivory or white; metanotum sometimes lacking pair of ivory or white spots; lower half of the sides of the pronotum and propodeum transversely striate; hind tibia largely or completely black marked with pale on outer surface. Metasoma: Metasomal terga 1 to 3 entirely black and terga 4 to 6 with white or ivory stripes; male aedeagus bifurcated distally.Sexual dimorphism: Males have long antennae 13 segments, workers and queen (females) antennae have12 segments (Buck et al. 2008, Miller 1961)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34537-Habitat 34537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open boreal forest, forest edges and prairies. Urban zones as gardens, parkland, meadows and houses." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34537-LifeCycle 34537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The Bald-faced Hornet is a social species with large annual colonies. Nest mostly are aerial, usually higher above the ground more than 20 cm. Nest are built in vegetation, on rocks, houses or wood structures, occasionally, nest may be subterranean or in hollow trees. It resembles grayish paper and its shape is like a big basketball, the nest is suspended in leaves, branches or other structures. The queen utilize chewing cellulose to build a paper nest with several cells, she deposits one egg in each cell, she nurse the larvae with nectar, insects and spiders, 30 days later the first workers emerges, the queen doesn’t leave the nest again and her function is egg laid. The mature colony is big; it holds 100-400 maximum 650 workers. The workers search food and fibers, help with the colony thermoregulation, care the larvae, clean the cells, feed the queen, the larvae and the males, they exhibit trophallaxis, mauling and ovoposition behavior, and also they protect the colony, 20 -75 Bald-faced Hornet are involved in defense of the nest and they can sting. In late September the larger reproductive cells for queens and males are reared. Finally, the colony declines in early October and all the members of the parental colony die. The old nest is taken by birds that look for larvae and pupae. At the end to the fall the new queens and males leave the nest and mate. Only inseminated queens hibernate and survive the winter, they burrow into a hollow old tree to survive the winter (Akre et al. 1981)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 34537-TrophicStrategy 34537 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Bald-faced Hornets are predators and they attack only live prey. They are mostly predators of spiders, harvestmen, hemipterans, spittle bugs, house flies, sawflies larvae, caterpillars, beetles, other yellowjackets species and grasshoppers. The adults carry their prey or part of them to the nest to feed their larval states. They sometimes feed of flower nectar or sweet substances (Akre et al. 1981, VanDyk 2003)." 6/4/10 13:43 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33144-Distribution 33144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Cucullia similaris is a western species, occurring west of the Great Plains from southwestern Alberta west to central southern BC, south to Nevada, Utah and Colorado. In Alberta it is known only from a single historic collection from ""Didsbury""." 10/24/09 10:22 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33144-GeneralDescription 33144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium-size (4.5-5.0 cm wingspan) grey moth with pointed elongate forewings. The forewings are light grey in the median area shading to darker grey along the costa, with a narrow black border along the lower margin, terminating in a small crescent followed by a black streak. The orbicular and reniform spots are essentially obsolete, reduced to a characteristic freckled streak of white and black scales. The hindwings are dirty white shading to dark grey-brown on the outer half, with the veins finely lined with dark grey scales. The absence of brown on the forewings will separate similaris from montanae, omissa and postera, and the dark streak, crescent and terminal streak along the lower margin will separate similaris from speyeri and intermedia. Cucullia similaris most resembles and is most likely to be confused with C. florea. The forewings of florea are uniform darker grey; those of similaris are paler grey in the median area and darker along the costa and lower margin. The orbicular and reniform spots are barely indicated in florea, while similaris has a characteristic and relatively prominent light and dark freckled strip through the reniform and orbicular area. Adults and the genitalia of both sexes are illustrated by Poole (1995)." 10/24/09 10:22 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33144-LifeCycle 33144 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle Poorly known. There is apparently a single brood and adults come to light. The larva is described in detail and illustrated in color by Petit and Petit. The larvae were found and reared on grey rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseossus) (Petit and Pettit 2003). 10/24/09 10:22 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33854-ConservationStatus 33854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status N. A. 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33854-Cyclicity 33854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults may be found all summer long (depending on growth conditions) but activities generally peak from April to June. If conditions allow for three generations, first adult emergence is usually in March, followed by another in May, and a last one in June (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33854-Distribution 33854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "These beetles may be found in both eastern and western Canada, but not in central Canada (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33854-GeneralDescription 33854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults may be completely black, or black with a bit of a red margin around the edges, or reddish brown. Frons are flatten (more so in males) and the ventral abdominal stenites slope up gently to meet the elytra (LaBonte et. al. 2003). They can be around 1.8 to 2.4 mm long (Bright 1976). This species of Scolytus do not have a spine on its abdominal sternites (LaBonte et. al. 2003)." 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33854-Habitat 33854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults are commonly found around where host trees are available and the larvae are always found in the woody tissues of said trees. 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33854-LifeCycle 33854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae usually hatch within days and larvae will feed on the wood in the trunk of the tree. As they get older, the larvae will burrow into the wood for pupation where they later overwinter (Bright 1976). Larvae that pupate in the summer months however, may be found in the bark instead of in the wood. This species of bark beetles may overwinter at different stages of the life cycle (i.e. various larvae instar and pupa stage) (Bright 1976). There can be one to three generations produced within a single year, depending on developmental conditions (Bright 1976, Bentley et. al. 2006)." 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33854-TrophicStrategy 33854 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy beetles feed on the twigs of stone or pome fruit trees. Extensive feeding damages may result in twig death (Bright 1976). Feeding is only initiated at wound sites on trees (Bright 1976). 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24041-ConservationStatus 24041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Of no concern. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24041-Cyclicity 24041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Anytime. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24041-Distribution 24041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A pest species, found throughout the world. Not reported from Alberta by Bowman (1951)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24041-GeneralDescription 24041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "A medium sized Pyralid with a wingspan of 15-20 mm. The basal part of the forewings is pale brownish and the outer part darker brown. Darker AM and PM lines are present. The hindwings are pale white with darker veins. One of a number of household pests of which the commonest is Plodia interpunctella which has the basal part of the forewings pale and the outer part reddish-brown. Ephestia kuehniella has a wingspan of around 22 mm, and uniformly gray forewings with zigzag AM lines. In the Family Pyralidae, subfamily Phycitinae. Formerly called Ephestia cautella (Wlk.)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24041-Habitat 24041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Inside houses or areas where stored vegetable material is kept. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24041-LifeCycle 24041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The larvae live in silken, frass-filled galleries in the food source and later spin a silken cocoon." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 24041-TrophicStrategy 24041 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Dried fruits, nuts and grains." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25838-ConservationStatus 25838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "As an introduced species, not of concern, although there is some evidence that this species might compete with and affect the behaviour of native Polites spp. in Ontario." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25838-Distribution 25838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This is an introduced European species that most likely spread to North America as overwintering eggs in grass seed, and first detected at London, Ontario, in 1910. It is widely established in eastern Canada and the United States, with isolated colonies in the west, one of which became established in Edmonton in the 1980s and is still spreading outward from that centre." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25838-GeneralDescription 25838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This is one of three plain orange skippers in our fauna, with only a small dark stigma dorsally on the males, and without a contrasting wing pattern ventrally. Dorsally, the wing margins are dark, and the darkness extends onto the apices of the wing veins. The wing fringe is orange. Oarisma garita has a white wing fringe, more diffuse dark wing margins dorsally, and light coloured wing veins ventrally. Atrytone logan is larger, with longer antennae, more distinct dark wing margins and dark wing veins dorsally, and a dorsal forewing cell-end bar. As well, note that Thymelicus is more prone to hovering in flight, rather than ""skipping"" in the fashion of the other two species." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25838-Habitat 25838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open grassy areas, often disturbed, such as roadsides and hay fields." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25838-LifeCycle 25838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Thymelicus lineola is the only species of North American skipper for which eggs are the overwintering stage. There is one brood in Alberta, which begins to emerge in late June." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 25838-TrophicStrategy 25838 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Grasses, and especially timothy (Phleum pratense)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33853-ConservationStatus 33853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status N. A. 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33853-Cyclicity 33853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Overwintering generations will emerge as adults in June or July, while their progeny will emerge either in August and September, or overwinter. Some of the adults that emerge in August and September may breed and giving rise to another generation of overwintering larval individuals (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33853-Distribution 33853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "These beetles are European in origin but have accidentally been introduced in North America (Bright 1976). They can now be found in most of Eastern Canada, and is gradually spreading westwards. Adults of S. multistriatus have been collected in Alberta." 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33853-GeneralDescription 33853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults can be about 2.2 - 3.0mm long and are reddish brown in colour. Both males and females will have a cylindrical and narrow spine arising from the anterior edge of the 2rd abdominal sternite (Bright 1976, LaBonte et. al. 2003). Teeth are usually present on the posterior-lateral margins of the 2nd to 4th abdominal sternites (LaBonte et. al. 2003)." 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33853-Habitat 33853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat These beetles spend most of their lives around their host trees (Ulmus spp.). Adults will be found on the trees themselves while larvae are always in the wood. 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33853-LifeCycle 33853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In Canada, these beetles may produce one and a half generations each year. They overwinter as larvae and adults will emerge in June or July. These adults will mate and most of these progeny will finish development by August and September. Some of them, however, may overwinter as larvae before emerging in June/July the following year. Adults that emerge in late summer are also capable of mating and oviposition to produce another generation of overwintering larvae (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33853-TrophicStrategy 33853 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy Both adults and larvae feed on Elm. The adults generally attack small twigs and the larvae feed on the wood in the trunk (Bright 1976). Large feeding damage may kill the twig or even girdle the trunk. 1/29/10 10:44 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33855-ConservationStatus 33855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status N. A. 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33855-Cyclicity 33855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adults have been collected in Alberta from May to August. 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33855-Distribution 33855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution This beetle may be found throughout Canada and may be found in the eastern and western parts of the USA (Bright 1976). 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33855-GeneralDescription 33855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults may be 2.4 to 3.3 mm long and are shiny black in colour. The frons is flattened and depressed in between the eyes (Bright 1976). The second sternite is not concaved and rises vertically to meet the elytra. In both males and females, there is a median spine arising in the center of the 2nd abdominal sternite (i.e. base of spine does not touch the anterior or posterior margin of 2nd sternite) (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33855-Habitat 33855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Adults will generally be found on host tree limbs. Larvae, on the other hand, will be found solely in the wood of trees. Host trees targeted are mostly spruce (Picea spp.), and to a lesser degree, firs (Abies spp.) and larches (Larix spp.)." 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33855-LifeCycle 33855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Females lay 10 to 30 eggs in each parental gallery and the hatched larvae will create feeding galleries that extend from the parental gallery. Upon completion of larval development within the wood of the host tree, S. piceae will overwinter as pupae underneath the bark. Only one generation of this beetle species is produced each year in Canada (Bright 1976)." 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33855-TrophicStrategy 33855 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adult beetles generally attack dead or dying branches of spruce trees (Picea sp.) but are also known to attack firs (Abies sp.) and to a lesser degree, larches (Larix sp.) (Bright 1976). Larvae will feed on woody tissues in trees." 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33856-ConservationStatus 33856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status N. A. 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33856-Cyclicity 33856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Overwintering individuals (1st generations) generally emerge from April to May (Liu & Haack 2003). 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33856-Distribution 33856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This beetle originated from Asia and has recently established itself in North America . They are usually found where their host plants are available (Liu & Haack 2003, LaBonte et. al. 2003)." 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33856-GeneralDescription 33856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult S. schevyrewi are distinguishable by the presence of a black transverse band on the posterior end of the reddish-brown elytra (Liu & Haack 2003, LaBonte et. al. 2003). They are usually about 3.2 to 4.2 mm long with slightly protruding frons. A spine is usually present on the 2nd abdominal sternite and may be variable in shape and position. The spine appears mostly conical shape in lateral view and triangular in posterior view (LaBonte et. al. 2003). There are no teeth on the lateral margins of the abdominal sternites (LaBonte et. al. 2003). Larval are whitish in colour with creamy-yellow head capsules (Liu & Haack 2003)." 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33856-Habitat 33856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Adults are usually found on host trees while the juveniles may be found either in the wood of the tree or in the bark (Liu & Haack 2003). 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33856-LifeCycle 33856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "This species of beetle overwinters as pupae or as adults hidden under bark. Upon emergence in early Spring, these individuals will mate and produce the 1st generation which emerges around July (Liu & Haack 2003). These 1st generations individuals then mate once again and produce the 2nd generation which mostly overwinters as pupae. Some of the 2nd generation beetle, however, may complete development (if conditions are favourable), emerge late in the summer and produce a 3rd generation, which will overwinter. Mating often occurs on the surface of the tree next to entry holes leading to egg galleries (Liu & Haack 2003)." 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33856-TrophicStrategy 33856 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "These beetles feed on various species of elms. In North America, they generally attack native American Elms and Siberian Elms. Adults will target twigs while the larvae will feed on wood within a tree trunk (Liu & Haack 2003)." 1/29/10 10:45 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33848-ConservationStatus 33848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Conservation is not of concern for Laphria janus. 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33848-Cyclicity 33848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are found late may through July, and possibly earlier in the southern portion of the range." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33848-Distribution 33848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Laphria janus is found from the southern Yukon to Ontario and Maine, extends south to New York and Michigan in the east, and Utah and Colorado in the west (Cannings 1994, 1997; Adisoemarto 1967)." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33848-GeneralDescription 33848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium to large, 10-20 mm in length. Laphria janus is a conspicuous bee-mimic which is generally robust, with highly-pubescent raptorial legs and an enlarged hypopharynx used in hunting. The hypopharynx of this species is surrounded by coarse white to yellow setae, referred to as a mystax. Antennae are stout and short, and eyes are large and conspicuous. Moderately course hairs (pubescence) are present and cover the posterior ends of the thorax and abdomen; L. janus is easily distinguished from other Laphria by the abdominal piles being orange and thoracic piles being yellowish. Fine pubescence can continue along the whole of the thorax and abdomen. Males have a slender abdomen, while females have a more rounded abdomen. (McAtee 1919; Adisoemarto 1967)." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33848-Habitat 33848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open glades within boreal, transitional, and Cordilleran forests. Frequently found in dry spruce forests and often in adjacent grasslands (Cannings 1994, 1997)." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33848-LifeCycle 33848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "See \ngenus page." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33848-TrophicStrategy 33848 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "See \ngenus page." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:55 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33849-ConservationStatus 33849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Conservation is not a concern for Laphria sadales. 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33849-Cyclicity 33849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adults are found June through July, and possibly earlier in the southern portion of the range." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33849-Distribution 33849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Widespread. Adults have been documented from Alberta to California and Colorado, and as far east as Connecticut and New Hampshire (McAtee 1919; Adisoemarto 1967)." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33849-GeneralDescription 33849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Medium sized; 8-12 mm in length. Body is black and apparently bare (with no significant pubescence), giving a slender appearance. Abdomen is slender and black, and legs are orange to red, except coxae and tarsi which are black. Legs are mostly bare, and are relatively delicate. Compared to most Laphria, which are bee-mimics and large, robust predators, Laphria sadales is one of the less impressive flies of the genus. Antennae are very small, and the setae of the mystax (hairs surrounding the mouthparts) and surrounding mane are relatively short and inconspicuous compared to other species. The hypopharynx is also small relative to other species in the genus Laphria. Sexual dimorphism is slight, with males having slightly paler abdomens and golden abdominal piles (clumps of hairs; compared to black abdominal piles in females). This species is often confused with L. xanthippe (Williston), but can be distinguished by the entirely black abdomen and red legs (McAtee 1919; Adisoemarto 1967)." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33849-Habitat 33849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open glades within boreal forests (spruce); generally associated with montane and subalpine regions. Occasionally found in open grasslands (Cannings 1994, 1997)." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33849-LifeCycle 33849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "See \ngenus page." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 33849-TrophicStrategy 33849 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "See \ngenus page." 1/28/10 13:32 3/6/14 21:53 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19210-Cyclicity 19210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight periods occur from May to July (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19210-Distribution 19210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This genus has a primarily Holarctic range with seven species recognized in North America (Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Arkansas, and Wyoming) (Gilligan et al. 2008, Fernald 1882, Pohl et al. 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19210-GeneralDescription 19210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This genus has a forewing pattern that is uniform with the basal patch and median fascia well defined. This well defined region is also separated by an interfascial band of contrasting, lighter coloration. Male moths lack costal folds and notching near the base of their antennae. Male genitalia consist of a prominent clasper on the basal excavation margin and a cluster of long scales on the tegumen (near the area where the tegumen articulates with the vinculum). Female genitalia consist of two tacklike signa with some degree of sclerotization of the ductus bursae. The sculpturing of the sterigma is different between species (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008).\nThis species has an alar expanse of 13-18mm (with their forewings 6-8mm in length) (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987). The forewings have dark areas and markings that are grayish brown or brownish black in coloration. The hindwings are paler than the forewings. This moth can be distinguished from other moths of this genus by the two white interfascial bands on the forewing bordering the dark median fascia. Specimens found in Wyoming may have these areas moderately suffused with brownish-gray irrorations (Gilligan et al. 2008)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19210-Habitat 19210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Inhabit grasslands and mountainous regions with occasional occurrence in small patches of grassland in boreal regions (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19210-LifeCycle 19210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In North America, this genus consists of leaf-rolling larvae that feed within their rolled leaves of Salix and Populus (Miller 1987). These larvae then pupate (mostly likely hibernate as larvae or pupae) and emerge from their leaf rolls as adults in July (Razowski 2003). Most likely multiple generations per year at lower latitudes." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 19210-TrophicStrategy 19210 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva is a leaf-roller and feeds on Salix (willow), Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar), and Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) (Prentice 1966)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26818-Cyclicity 26818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Adult flight periods occur from mid June to early July (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26818-Distribution 26818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This genus has a primarily Holarctic range with seven species recognized in North America (Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to New York and Arizona) (Gilligan et al. 2008, Fernald 1882, Pohl et al. 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26818-GeneralDescription 26818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This genus has a forewing pattern that is uniform with the basal patch and median fascia well defined. This well defined region is also separated by an interfascial band of contrasting, lighter coloration. Male moths lack costal folds and notching near the base of their antennae. Male genitalia consist of a prominent clasper on the basal excavation margin and a cluster of long scales on the tegumen (near the area where the tegumen articulates with the vinculum). Female genitalia consist of two tacklike signa with some degree of sclerotization of the ductus bursae. The sculpturing of the sterigma is different between species (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008).\nThis species have an alar expanse of 12-15mm (with forewings 5.5-7mm in length) (Heinrich 1924, Miller 1987). The forewings have dark areas and markings that are black in coloration. The hindwings are paler than the forewings. The palpi and head are white with grey dusting. In contrast, the thorax is dark grey with white dusting. This moth can be distinguished from other moths of this genus by the well defined, black basal patch. The white interfascial band is medially divided. Blackish-gray scales produce white costal and dorsal patches. This moth is the only midwestern species of its genus that has this degree black-charcoal scaling on the forewings (Gilligan et al. 2008)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26818-Habitat 26818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Inhabit boreal forests with occasional occurrence in small patches of grassland in boreal regions (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26818-LifeCycle 26818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In North America, this genus consists of leaf-rolling larvae that feed within their rolled leaves of Populus (Miller 1987). These larvae then pupate (mostly likely hibernate as larvae or pupae) and emerge from their leaf rolls as adults in July (Razowski 2003). Most likely multiple generations per year at lower latitudes." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26818-TrophicStrategy 26818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy The larva is a leaf-roller and feeds on Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) (Prentice 1966). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:02 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36646-ConservationStatus 36646 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Information not available. 1/17/11 9:42 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36646-Distribution 36646 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Introduced from Europe and has Palearctic distribution. Recorded for the first time in Nova Scotia in 1929 and currently wide spread in Atlantic Canada (Fall, 1934, Lindroth, 1955, Majka, 2005). It is restricted in its range mainly to eastern Canada. Reported from New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Quebec (Lindroth, 1955, CBIF, 2010)." 1/17/11 9:42 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36646-GeneralDescription 36646 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are stoutly built, 11 - 14.3 mm in length. Remarkably large head. Prothorax is thicker and darker with slight bronze hue and a key to species identification. It is large, hind prothoracic angles are strongly protruding with densely punctate base. Legs and head appendages are reddish brown. In males, meso-tibiae of legs bear two tubercles which are usually one in number in other species. Elytra are short and widen behind middle (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/17/11 9:42 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36646-Habitat 36646 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open meadows, grounds with weedy patches, especially those close to ports and towns. Too dry conditions are not favorable (Lindroth, 1992)." 1/17/11 9:42 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36646-LifeCycle 36646 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Details on its life history are not available from Canada. However, larvae are noted to hibernate in winter (Lindroth, 1945). Details on life history are available from Europe. In general, oviposition starts late in the season from August to September. First and second instar larvae continue feeding on weed seeds and overwinter in third stadium. Adults emerge late in next summer season (Saska, 2005)." 1/17/11 9:42 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36646-TrophicStrategy 36646 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are granivorous. Seed feeding in larval stage is essential for overall growth and development. Adults exhibit similar food preferences as larvae. Adults usually feed on flower heads and unripe seeds of members of family Asteraceae. Adults and larvae together can remove considerable amount of seed from weed plants they feed on. Some important host plants noted include: Cirsium arvense (L.) and Artemisia vulgaris L. (Saska, 2005)." 1/17/11 9:42 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21780-ConservationStatus 21780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No specific information available on conservation of this species in Canada. Other reports suggest conservation of semi-natural grasslands and gaps on forest exteriors has positive effects on this species (Taboada et al., 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21780-Distribution 21780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Amara familiaris is introduced species in North America. This species has Palaearctic distribution and occurs mainly in Eurasia and Siberia. In Canada, it is recorded from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta (Lindroth, 1968, CBIF, 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21780-GeneralDescription 21780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "It is a small species with adults measuring from 5.6 to 7.2 mm. Legs dark or dark black in colouration with greenish or bluish glossy upper surface. Antennae have segments 1 - 3 with base of at least 4. Eyes flat, prothorax with angular protruding front angles and shallow basal foveae which are surrounded by a group of punctulae. Elytral striations apically deepened. Male copulatory organ (penis) straight and slightly bent and possesses lateral lobes (parameres) (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21780-Habitat 21780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Open grounds with weedy vegetation. Greater abundance in habitats with weeds such as Stellaria media and Polygonum aviculare (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21780-LifeCycle 21780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults overwinter in soil and emerge in spring and become sexually active. Their emergence is followed by dispersal and colonization of weedy areas and abandoned fields with profuse weed growth. Larval stage has three instars which feed on weed seeds. Larvae are active from April to mid-June. Third larval instar undergoes pupation in the upper surface of soil. First generation adults further overwinter to emerge in spring (Saska and Honek, 2008)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21780-TrophicStrategy 21780 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "This species is a specialist seed feeder and larvae feed extensively on the seeds of common chickweed, Stellaria media (Klimes and Saska, 2010). However, adults also feed on unripe seeds of hickweed (Cerastium sp.) and grass seeds (Lundgren, 2009). Female fecundity is dependent on seed feeding and they do not reproduce until they have fed on the seeds of S. media (Saska, 2008)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36642-ConservationStatus 36642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Information not available. 1/17/11 9:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36642-Distribution 36642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Mainly Palearctic in distribution. Introduced into North America from Europe. Species in its distribution is much restricted to northeastern North America. Reported in Canada from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario (Lindroth, 1968, CBIF, 2010)." 1/17/11 9:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36642-GeneralDescription 36642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adult range from 6.2 to 8.8 mm in length (Lindroth, 1968) with males ranging from 7 - 7.5 mm and females 7 - 8.5 mm (Avgine and Emre, 2009). Adult body narrow and flat, black bright upper surface with brassy, greenish or rarely bluish reflection. Eyes are flatter than A. familiaris. Prothorax with front angles protruded, absence of convex surface (fovea) on outer prothorax while inner surface has sharp, short streak parallel to the median line. Elytra with fine striae, each with 3 sub-apical punctures. Male genitals slightly S-shaped at apex (side view) with hooked lateral lobes (parameres) (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/17/11 9:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36642-Habitat 36642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It is found on dry and open grasslands, sandy soil, lawns in parks and gardens (Lindroth, 1955)." 1/17/11 9:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36642-LifeCycle 36642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults overwinter in soil and emerge in spring to reproduce (Lindroth, 1992). There are three larval instars that feed on weed seeds and also on the immature stages of other insects. Larvae pupate inside upper layer of soil and emerge as adults (Saska and Jarosik, 2001)." 1/17/11 9:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36642-TrophicStrategy 36642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults are omnivorous feeding on a range of arthropods (Hurka, 1996, Klimes and Saska, 2010). Larvae are primarily omnivorous and also feed on weed seeds (Saska and Jarosik, 2001). Larvae have been found to have higher survivorship on mixed diet of insect preys and weed seeds than sole feeding on either of the two diets (Hurka and Jarosik, 2003). Larvae and adults have been recorded in abundance in apple orchards colonizing weedy areas on species like chickweed, Stellaria media (L.) (OMAFRA, 1996)." 1/17/11 9:36 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36649-ConservationStatus 36649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Information not available. 1/17/11 9:50 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36649-Distribution 36649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Palearctic distribution. Introduced from Europe and recorded first in Nova Scotia in 1929. Distributed in Canada in New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Quebec (Lindroth 1954, Lindroth, 1955, Lindroth 1968)." 1/17/11 9:50 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36649-GeneralDescription 36649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are 5.3 - 7.4 mm in length, narrow bodied and much paler in color than any other species of the genus Amara. Brown to reddish brown with pale bronze luster. Appendages brownish yellowish and almost transparent. Eyes are convex. Basal half of prothorax is parallel sided with truncated anterior margin, more or less denticulate hind angles. It also has expanded punctuation (having tiny spots, punctures) at the base which is a key character. Prosternum of male is smooth. Elytra are long with shallow striations and with punctuation. Male genitalia smaller, straight and long apex and lateral lobes with hooks (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/17/11 9:50 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36649-Habitat 36649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Dry, open habitats preferred. It is xerophyllic species and thus favors sandy areas (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/17/11 9:50 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36649-LifeCycle 36649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Usually occurs in summer (Lindroth, 1992). It hibernates in larval stage and very few adult survive (Lindroth, 1968). It is autumn breeder (Varis et al.1984)." 1/17/11 9:50 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 36649-TrophicStrategy 36649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults are predatory on other arthropod species and are omnivorous. Predation on cabbage root fly maggots has been noted (Andersen et al., 1983; Varis et al.1984). Adults are also found to feed on weed seed of Taraxacum officinale (Dandlion) seed (Honek et al., 2005)." 1/17/11 9:50 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29226-ConservationStatus 29226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Information not available. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29226-Distribution 29226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "It is a Palearctic species and distributed in Europe, Asia Minor, Siberia and Japan. It was introduced in North America in 1928 in Ontario, Toranto. In Canada, it is distributed in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec (CBIF, 2010, Lindroth, 1945). It has been reported recently from Atlantic Canada and has been recorded in Nova Scotia (Majka et al., 2006)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29226-GeneralDescription 29226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are stout. Females measure about 10 - 11mm and males are 9 - 10 mm in length. Body is dorsally greenish metallic while it is black in colour ventrally. Male genitalia are slender and slightly curved and tapered at apex. Antennomeres vary in coloration with basal 1 - 3 segments black and 4 - 11 segments red. Tibiae are red while femora and tarsi are red to reddish black in color (Avgine and Emre, 2009)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29226-Habitat 29226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "It habituates dry and open habitats. Gravelly grounds and sandy to loam soil structures are favored. Tall grassy patches often colonized. Cruciferous vegetation is usually preferred. It is also found in the vicinity of areas colonized by human population and has been noted in railway embankments, city roads etc. (Lindroth, 1992)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29226-LifeCycle 29226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The adults emerge in spring, mate and start oviposition. Larvae are present in field from July to September. There are three larval instars (Saska and Honek, 2003). Larvae pupate in soil in their final stadium and emerge as sexually immature adults in August. They do not mate and overwinter inside soil to emerge again in next spring. This species is a typical spring breeder (Lindroth, 1992)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 29226-TrophicStrategy 29226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Adults are granivorous and feed on seeds of cruciferous plant species such as Barbaraea vulgaris. The species has been found active in crops of winter wheat and winter rape (Honek and Jarosik, 2000). However, larva is carnivorous (Blunck, 1925)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23370-ConservationStatus 23370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status Information not available. 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23370-Distribution 23370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "It has a circumpolar distribution and is one of the early introduced species in North America from Europe. It is distributed globally and present in Europe, Asia Minor, Siberia and North America. In Canada, it is present in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory and Prince Edward Island (CBIF, 2010, Lindroth, 1949). This species is widely distributed in Newfoundland (South, 1983)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23370-GeneralDescription 23370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Adults are 6.5 - 9.0 mm in length. Adults are elongate, dark to brown with a faint bronze luster. Antennae, mouth parts and legs are reddish brown in colour. Eyes are convex and large. Prothorax is rounded with truncated anterior margins, sinuated at the base, hind angles denticulate. Elytra parallel-sided at middle with coarsely punctured striations which are notable at the base and flattened at the apex. Males with convex prosternum, hind tibiae bear brush like projections. Male genitalia smaller, convex at the base and straight at the apex, left margin protruded and hooks on lateral lobes rudimentary (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23370-Habitat 23370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Occurs in most open types of habitats, dry areas with weedy patches or meadows are often favored. Also found in gardens, parks and courtyards (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23370-LifeCycle 23370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "No specific information is available on the biology of this species. Immature adults emerge in summer from June to July and emergence continues till August. Larvae mainly overwinter, however, sometimes adults overwinter too (Lindroth, 1968)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23370-TrophicStrategy 23370 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae are mainly granivorous and feed on weed seeds (Lindroth, 1968). Adults are omnivorous and feed on eggs of root maggot flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in vegetable crops such as cabbage (Prasad and Snider, 2006)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 22:01 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38038-ConservationStatus 38038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "At high densities the Packard grasshopper can cause damage to grain crops and alfalfa, but at its usual low densities it is not a pest because of its preference for poor forage plants (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38038-Cyclicity 38038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Melanoplus packardii nymphs (no wings or short wing buds) hatch from May to early June. Adults (wings extend the length of the abdomen or beyond) can be found about 47 to 63 days after the nymphs have hatched and due to their longevity a sizable population lives through August and September (Pfadt 2002). This grasshopper has been collected in July and August in Alberta (Strickland Museum records). 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38038-Distribution 38038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This species can be found in the southern half of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and the southern edge of Manitoba. It ranges broadly across the western half of the United States down to the northern edge of Mexico (based on range map in Pfadt 2002). Records indicate that this grasshopper can be found as far north as Fairview in Alberta (Strickland Museum)." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38038-GeneralDescription 38038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The Melanoplus packardii is a large spurthroated grasshopper with long wings extending as much as 6 mm beyond the end of the abdomen. This and other grasshoppers of the subfamily Melanoplinae often have a spiny bump on their ""throat"" between their front legs (Johnson 2002). It has bright tan, brown and yellow colour patterns. Two bright stripes run down the head and disk of the pronotum. Cerci of the males are spatulate and the supraanal plate (the cup-shaped plate at the end of the male abdomen) narrows gradually to the pointed end. Females can be identified by using size, markers and colouring to associate them with the males (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38038-Habitat 38038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "The Packard grasshopper inhabits grasslands, croplands, and mountain meadows of western North America (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38038-LifeCycle 38038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle of this species is described in Pfadt's Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers (2002). After mating, the eggs mature in the female for about 20 days before oviposition. About 16 to 29 tan eggs are deposited in bare ground in a slightly curved pod about 3 cm long." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38038-TrophicStrategy 38038 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The Packardgrasshopper consumes both grasses and forbs, but seems to prefer legumes including milkvetch, loco, peavine, and scurfpeas (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:58 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38039-ConservationStatus 38039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "The migratory grasshopper, as its name implies, congregates into swarms and migrates in search of food. It is a serious agricultural and rangeland pest causing the most damage of all the species of grasshoppers in the States (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38039-Cyclicity 38039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Melanoplus sanguinipes nymphs (no wings or short wing buds) hatch from May to June. Adults (wings extend past the abdomen) can be found about 35 to 55 days after the nymphs have hatched (Pfadt 2002). In Alberta they have been collected in July and August (Strickland Museum records). 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38039-Distribution 38039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This migratory grasshopper ranges from coast to coast across North America, spreading as far north as Alaska and the Canadian territories and as far south as the southern States (based on range map in Pfadt 2002). In has been found in mid-Alberta (Strickland Museum records)." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38039-GeneralDescription 38039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "Melanoplus sanguinipes is a medium-sized spurthroated grasshopper with long wings extending well past the abdomen. This and other grasshoppers of the subfamily Melanoplinae often have a spiny bump on their ""throat"" between their front legs (Johnson 2002). The males of this species can easily be identified by the notch in theirsubgenital plate, the rounded shape of their cerci and the node or bump on theirmesosternum. Adult females are slightly larger than the males but can be associated with them by their similar colour patterns (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38039-Habitat 38039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat The migratory grasshopper is found in all North American habitats except the far north and Mexico (Pfadt 2002). 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38039-LifeCycle 38039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The life cycle of Melanoplus sanguinipes is described in Pfadt's Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers (2002). Nymphal maturation through the 5 instars is accelerated at high altitudes. The earlier emerging adults have better reproductive success because the eggs have more time to mature in the soil before winter diapause and more favourable moisture conditions. Males are able to recognize an unmated female and perform a short courtship ritual where they wave their antennae and vibrate their femora. About 6 days after mating, the female oviposits her clutch of eggs among the roots of blue grama or other prairie grasses. This may take up to an hour. The egg pods are curved; about 2.5 cm long, and contain 18 to 24 pale yellow or cream coloured eggs. Healthy adults copulate many times and a long-lived female may lay up to 20 egg pods." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38039-TrophicStrategy 38039 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The migratory grasshopper consumes a mixture of plants that grow in its habitat, but seem to prefer dandelion, tumble mustard, wild mustard, pepperweed, western ragweed, downy brome, Kentucky bluegrass, barley, and wheat (Pfadt 2002)." 3/29/11 8:56 3/6/14 21:57 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23461-Cyclicity 23461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Adult flight periods occur from June to early July and specifically July to August in Alberta (Gilligan et al. 2008, Pohl et al. 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23461-Distribution 23461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "This genus has a primarily Holarctic range with seven species recognized in North America (New Hampshire to Manitoba and south to Florida and Louisiana) (Gilligan et al. 2008, Fernald 1882, Pohl et al. 2010)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23461-GeneralDescription 23461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "This genus has a forewing pattern that is uniform with the basal patch and median fascia well defined. This well defined region is also separated by an interfascial band of contrasting, lighter coloration. Male moths lack costal folds and notching near the base of their antennae. Male genitalia consist of a prominent clasper on the basal excavation margin and a cluster of long scales on the tegumen (near the area where the tegumen articulates with the vinculum). Female genitalia consist of two tacklike signa with some degree of sclerotization of the ductus bursae. The sculpturing of the sterigma is different between species (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008).\nThis species has an alar expanse of 10-11mm (with their forewings 4.5-5.5mm in length) (Heinrich 1923, Miller 1987, Gilligan et al. 2008). The forewings have dark areas and markings that are grayish brown in coloration. The forewings can vary in color from light brown to graish brown. The hindwings are paler than the forewings. This moth can be distinguished from other moths of this genus by its size. It is the smallest midwestern moth of its genus. The basal patch does not differ much in color from the interfacial area adjacent to it. Some specimens in Iowa have a metallic blue cast on the interfascial areas (Gilligan et al. 2008)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23461-Habitat 23461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Inhabit boreal forests with occasional occurrence in small patches of grassland in boreal regions (Pohl et al. 2010). 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23461-LifeCycle 23461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In North America, this genus consists of leaf-rolling larvae that feed within their rolled leaves of Salix (Miller 1987). These larvae then pupate (mostly likely hibernate as larvae or pupae) and emerge from their leaf rolls as adults in July (Razowski 2003). Most likely multiple generations per year at lower latitudes." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 23461-TrophicStrategy 23461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "The larva is a leaf-roller and feeds on Salix (willow) (Prentice 1966). They can also be inquilin feeders in falls on Salix (Heinrich 1923, Fernald 1882)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/6/14 21:59 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21945-ConservationStatus 21945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No conservation data could be found on the species, but because of its relative abundance it is assumed to be of least concern." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21945-Cyclicity 21945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "Found most commonly in the months of May and June. Can be found as late as August (Kanston, 1996)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21945-Distribution 21945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "A wide range, east of the Rocky mountains, north up to Great Slave Lake, as far east as Newfoundland. Not commonly found in prairies or the Canadian Shield. (Maddison, 1996)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21945-GeneralDescription 21945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "All species of Pelegrina are easily distinguished from relatives by the male embolus which have two rami placed retrolaterally to the opening. This characteristic is more easily seen in P. flavipes than in any other Pelegrina species, whose ridge between these rami is the deepest. In addition, the retrolateral rami’s relative thickness is diagnostic. Males of the species sport strong and well-defined cheek bands above the side line of the head, 3 white spots above the large anterior eyes, and a small black spot on top of each of the chelicerae. Setae of two different colours overhang the chelicerae: white on the medial portion and brown on the lateral portion. Legs, chelicerae and carapace are yellow. Unlike many species of salticids, the head is not particularly bulbous or wide. Females are much more difficult to distinguish, but their best diagnostic character is their overall brassy sheen, the product of transparent scales covering the spider’s body. Beige spots can be seen above and between the anterior median eyes. The clypeus is densely covered in white scales. Also, the fourth pair of white spots on the abdomen have come together to form a chevron. On the ventral portion, the epygynum has two thickened flaps, a characteristic trait of all Pelegrina. In P. flavipes the flaps are flat and lie parallel to each other with the first curve of the duct broad while the second curve is narrow (Maddison, 1996). Males: avg. body length 3.7 mm, carapace length 1.9 mm; females: avg. body length 4.7 mm, carapace length 1.8 mm (Maddison, 1996)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21945-Habitat 21945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Found exclusively on conifers. (Maddison, 1996)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21945-LifeCycle 21945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "The species follows a reasonably typical schedule of maturation for the genus Pelegrina. The juveniles emerge from egg sacs around late July, overwinter before reaching sexual maturity. Males of P. flavipes mature in April, with females reaching sexual maturity in May (Kanston, 1948). Mating is initiated by males in the form of a species-specific visual display or ""dance"". The mating dance of males is consistent with other species of Pelegrina, in that the forelegs are held forward and in front of the male at a height lower than the body. A raised and spread posture can only be seen in males when the female has been located at some distance and upon approaching will resume the characteristic low-forward stance. Mating typically lasts about 15 minutes. Females have been found guarding nests containing dirty white coloured egg sacs in June and July. The sacs are oval, ranging from 4.5mm to 9mm in length. Fully adult forms can persist until August. Both genders are ambush predators that rely on eyesight to locate prey. Once a prey item is accepted, the spider will jump onto it and subdue it with a venomous bite. Silk is restricted to use as a tether and for construction of nests and egg sacs and not used for web building." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 21945-TrophicStrategy 21945 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Information on diet is restricted, but P. flavipes is known to be a generalist predator within its territorial niche." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:41 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26426-ConservationStatus 26426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No conservation data could be found on the species, though it’s vast range and relative ease of collection puts it at low perceived risk." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:40 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26426-Cyclicity 26426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity Months of June to August (MCZBASE). 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:40 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26426-Distribution 26426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Their range closely matches the east border of the Rocky mountains, with some small populations in northeastern United States, Newfoundland and Quebec (Maddison, 1996)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:40 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26426-GeneralDescription 26426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "All species of Pelegrina are easily distinguished from relatives by the male embolus, which have two rami placed retrolaterally to the opening. The embolus is further differentiated in P. montana by small denticles on its anterior surface. On average, P. montana is larger and of a darker colouration than related species. On males, the side band and forehead band common to all Pelegrina are a faded white and the cheek band is either weakly present or completely absent. The clypeus is brown, with dark setae overhanging the chelicerae. The white marks on the dorsal portion of the abdomen are absent except on the latter half, where they are reduced, forming thin, pale bars. Females possess the characteristic thickened epygynal flaps present in all Pelegrina. A prominent diagnostic characteristic is these flaps' short length and convex shape. The first curve of the duct is narrow, and the second curve follows obliquely. Immediately behind the flaps is a prominent ridge shaped like a rounded rectangle. The carapace of the spider is dark, but covered in sparse, white hairs. These white scales are found in higher density on the clypeus. The abdomen is dark brown with small pairs of white spots (Maddison, 1996). Males: avg. body length 4.6 mm, carapace length 2.1 mm; females: avg. body length 5.9-6.9 mm, carapace length 2.5 mm (Maddison, 1996)." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:40 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26426-Habitat 26426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "A mountain species, found on birch, poplar and other deciduous trees preferably near streams. (Maddison, 1996)" 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:40 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26426-LifeCycle 26426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Pelegrina montana is not well studied with regards to its life history, but extrapolations can be made based on the behaviours and life histories of closely related species. The species is presumed to overwinter as a juvenile. Based on peak collection times for this species, it can be guessed that adults reach sexual maturity later than related species, developing in June and July for males and females respectively (MCZBASE). Mating is initiated by males in the form of a species-specific visual display or ""dance"". The mating dance of males is consistent with other species of Pelegrina, in that the forelegs are held forward and in front of the male at a height lower than the body. A raised and spread posture can only be seen in males when the female has been located at some distance, and upon approaching will resume the characteristic low-forward stance. Mating typically lasts about 15 minutes. Egg sacs are oval in shape and can vary greatly in size. Nests are constructed for the egg sac, which the female will guard until they hatch (Maddison, 1996). Salticids generally are ambush predators who rely on eyesight to locate prey. Once a prey item is accepted, the spider will jump onto it and subdue it with a venomous bite. Silk is restricted to use as a tether and for construction of nests and egg sacs and not used for web building." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:40 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 26426-TrophicStrategy 26426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Information on diet is not known from the literature. Based on the diets of similar species, it can be assumed that P. montana is a generalist predator." 1/14/09 10:18 3/17/14 11:40 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27087-ConservationStatus 27087 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "They are an invasive species that are not on any conservation list, nationally or internationally due to their relative abundance (ADW, 2012)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27087-Cyclicity 27087 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "According to studies done in Europe, adults emerge in late March or early April. The adults were observed mating a week or two after their emergence. The second generation adults emerged in June. While the young (second generation) females rarely mate until they have over-wintered, young males will mate with older (first generation) females. This creates a partial second generation (Majerus, 1994). In Alberta, it is common for this specie to produce three generations in one year (Acorn, 2007)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27087-Distribution 27087 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Before it was introduced to North America between 1951 and 1970, its range extended throughout Europe and Asia. Now it is commonly found throughout most of North America (Acorn, 2007; ADW, 2012)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27087-GeneralDescription 27087 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "5.5-7.8 mm long. A red or orange-red ladybug with seven black spots (Acorn, 2007; Belicek, 1976). Although it commonly has seven spots the number of spots can range from 0-9 (Majerus & Kearns, 1989). This makes it easily confused with nine-spotted ladybug, but nine-spotted ladybugs have a pale orange colour and a dark line where the wing covers meet (Acorn, 2007). In Europe, it can be confused with scarce seven-spot ladybug (Coccinella magnifica). Coccinella septempunctata have one small white triangular mark on the underside of the thorax under the middle pair of legs on each side. Whereas, C. magnifica have two small triangular marks on the underside of thorax, one under each the middle and hind pair of legs on each side (Majerus & Kearns, 1989)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27087-Habitat 27087 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Diverse. It is a habitat generalist and is found throughout most habitats (Acorn, 2007; Kearns & Majerus, 1989) where significant prey, especially aphids is available (Majerus, 1989)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27087-LifeCycle 27087 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "In a healthy larva, the first instar takes 22.4%, the second takes 18.4%, the third takes 17.2% and the fourth takes 41.9% of the total development time (Hodek & Honek, 1996). The larva will stop feeding 24 hours before pupating. When the pupa first emerges its elytra is soft and lacks pigment (ADW, 2012). The colouration happens over time and depends on the environment e.g. light orange under 35°C and 55% relative humidity, but dark brown under 15°C and 95% relative humidity. An increase in temperature above 200C for larval rearing has a negative effect on the weight of adult beetles e.g. increasing the temperature form 20°C to 25°C decreases the weight from 39 mg to 35.5 mg (Hodek & Honek, 1996). Sexually mature males will copulate by mouthing a female. Immature and females that are ready to lay eggs will resist this behavior. Individuals may mate multiple times to increase fecundity. Females eject spermatophore, for reason unknown. A female can lay anywhere from 200 to 1000 eggs. When eggs are being ova posited, females will avoid areas with the eggs of same species and will only deposit around 15 eggs at a spot. Breeding starts during spring/early summer and continues into fall (ADW, 2012)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 27087-TrophicStrategy 27087 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "It is polyphagus, primarily feeding on aphids. Various different aphids are essential for development. Adults dislike artificial food (Hodek, 1973). If food is low adults and larvae will eat their relatives and pollen (ADW, 2012)." 1/14/09 10:18 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31338-ConservationStatus 31338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Not evaluated. Due to a massive decline in population throughout North America, it may be nominated of future conservation efforts (ADW, 2012)." 2/20/09 13:41 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31338-Cyclicity 31338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "It has two generations in one summer. But unlike C. septempunctata there are no indications of overlap. The spring generation goes into diapause due to the increasing day length in summer and the summer generation goes into diapause due to decreasing day length in fall (Acorn, 2007)." 2/20/09 13:41 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31338-Distribution 31338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "At one time it had a wide range all over North America, including Mexico and Guatemala (its native habitat) (Crotch, 1874). But it was considered extirpate from much of eastern United States and Canada, until it was discovered in New York in 2011 (EOL, n.d.). It has continued survival in Alberta and Saskatchewan (Acorn, 2007)." 2/20/09 13:41 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31338-GeneralDescription 31338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "4.0-7.0 mm long. A pale orange, rounded ladybug with nine black spots on the wing cover. Narrow black pigment where the wing cover meets, a feature that helps distinguish it from seven-spot ladybug (Acorn, 2007; Belicek, 1976). It also has spotless forms that can be confused with other spotless ladybugs. In that situation it is best to use the colouration and patterns on the head. It exhibits no sexual dimorphism (ADW, 2012)." 2/20/09 13:41 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31338-Habitat 31338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Prefered young red pine stands that are not too dense, apple and peach orchids, cereal crops such as corn and oats and alfalfa fields before C. septempunctata was introduced and became widespread in the North American continent (Hodek, 1973). Their most predictable habitat now, may be, scruff pea plants along the edge of sand dunes, Purple Spring sand hills in Alberta and Burnstall dunes in Saskatchewan (Acorn, 2007)." 2/20/09 13:41 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31338-LifeCycle 31338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Larvae hatch from an egg after approximately 4 days. Larvae has four instars, the first takes 22.6%, second takes 15.9%, third takes 18.5% and the fourth takes 42.9% of the total developmental time (Hodek & Honek, 1996). It takes the larvae four-five days to reach the third instar, after approximately seven more days it reaches the end of fourth instar. Just like C. septempunctata larvae stop feeding 24 hours before pupating. It spends four days pupating and then emerges as an adult and spends one full day strengthening and pigmenting its elytra. Not much is known about the mating habits of C.novemnotata, but they are speculated to be similar to those of C. septempunctata. It is known though that the adult takes two to four days to become sexually mature. Adults breed continuously for most of the summer until just before diapause (ADW, 2012)." 2/20/09 13:41 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31338-TrophicStrategy 31338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Larvae in a lab experiment ate nymphal leafhoppers (Hodek & Honek, 1996). Adults are insectivore and have a wide diet of crop pests such as aphids, scale insects, mites, weevils and lepidopteron eggs (EOL, n.d.; ADW, 2012)." 2/20/09 13:41 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31341-ConservationStatus 31341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "Decrease in relative abundance due to competitive displacement by C. septempunctata. No evaluation, but may be a candidate for future conservation efforts." 2/20/09 13:43 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31341-Cyclicity 31341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity "No studies on lifespan exist, but like most Coccinellidae species, it has two generations in one year. It emerges during early spring. The second generation adults probably emerge sometime during summer. There may be some overlap between the two generations, but only the second generation will over winter (ADW, 2012)." 2/20/09 13:43 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31341-Distribution 31341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "Extends throughout most of North America, except northern Canada, northern Alaska and Pacific coast. C. t. subversa on the other hand is found in Pacific Northwest (Belicek, 1976; Kits, 2005)." 2/20/09 13:43 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31341-GeneralDescription 31341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "The subspecies C. t. perplexa (Mulsant) is commonly found in Alberta. It is 4.0-5.0 mm long. It is a round ladybug with reddish-orange elytra with three black bands. Middle and apical bands are interrupted and appear discontinuous (Acorn, 2007; Belicek, 1976). The subspecies C. t. subversa (LeConte) is found in Pacific states. The elytron of this close relative is usually not pigmented and only has the 1st of the three black bands (Johnson, 1910)." 2/20/09 13:43 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31341-Habitat 31341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat "Alfalfa fields, peach and apple orchids, parklands and boreal forest were the preferred habitats before the arrival of C. septempunctata. Now more of a habitat specialist (Belicek, 1976; Hodek & Honek, 1996)." 2/20/09 13:43 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31341-LifeCycle 31341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Not much is known about the life history of this species, but much can be extrapolated from its close relative Coccinella transversoguttata. Adult females will lay eggs when the average temperature is around 120C. The larvae have four instars before it pupates. The adult will emerge during summer. Not much is known about reproduction, but adults can mate multiple times with different partners (ADW, 2012)." 2/20/09 13:43 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 31341-TrophicStrategy 31341 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "In a laboratory test, it did not seem to be picky (Belicek, 1976). Although it can feed on pollen, it needs more to finish its developmental stages. In an experiment the larvae ate various nymph leafhopper species (Belicek, 1976; Hodek & Honek, 1996)." 2/20/09 13:43 4/1/14 14:54 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38111-ConservationStatus 38111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#ConservationStatus Conservation Status "No conservation data could be found on the species. Though not as common as some other relatives, the species is still relatively abundant and so it is assumed to be of least concern." 4/12/11 15:44 3/17/14 11:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38111-Cyclicity 38111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Cyclicity Cyclicity May to July (MCZBASE). 4/12/11 15:44 3/17/14 11:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38111-Distribution 38111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution "The range of this species extends from New Brunswick to Alberta, curving south to pass along the southern border of the Great Lakes (Maddison, 1996)." 4/12/11 15:44 3/17/14 11:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38111-GeneralDescription 38111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription General Description "All species of Pelegrina are easily distinguished from relatives by the male embolus, which have two rami placed retrolaterally to the opening. The embolus of P. insignis is quite thin, delicate and prone to breaking. The embolus is flared on the distal portion and covered in small denticles. The dorsal portion of the carapace is covered in brassy scales with white patches between the posterior eyes and the fovea. The side band is prominent and white, but the cheek band located just dorsally is comparatively weak. The clypeus is brown with dark setae hanging over the chelicerae. The patch of yellow hairs at the base of the chelicerae are diagnostic (Maddison, 1996). Females possess the characteristic thickened epygynal flaps present in all Pelegrina. These flaps are short and lay either parallel or divergently in P. insignis. A strong diagnostic character is the presence of a raised bulge posterior to the flaps which rises above the level of the flaps. The carapace is densely covered in yellow and white scales while the clypeus is covered in yellow scales. The legs are a uniform yellow colour. The abdomen is yellow- or red-brown with pairs of large black spots (Maddison, 1996). Males: avg. body length 3.6 mm, carapace length 1.8 mm; females: avg. body length 4.1 mm, carapace length 1.9 mm (Maddison, 1996)." 4/12/11 15:44 3/17/14 11:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38111-Habitat 38111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat Low lying shrubs of less than half a meter in height. They prefer bogs and fields. 4/12/11 15:44 3/17/14 11:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38111-LifeCycle 38111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Life Cycle "Adults of this species can be found from May to July, with males developing earlier than females. Overwintering is done as juveniles (Kaston, 1948). Mating is initiated by males in the form of a species-specific visual display or ""dance"". The mating dance of males is consistent with other species of Pelegrina in that the forelegs are held forward and in front of the male at a height lower than the body. A raised and spread posture can only be seen in males when the female has been located at some distance, and upon approaching will resume the characteristic low-forward stance. Mating typically lasts about 15 minutes. The egg sacs vary in size, but are oval in shape and placed in a nest which is guarded by the female until they hatch. Female specimens have been collected in nests made of curled, but still living leaves of short herbaceous plants in the latter part of June (Madison, 1996). Salticids generally are ambush predators who rely on eyesight to locate prey. Once a prey item is accepted, the spider will jump onto it and subdue it with a venomous bite. Silk is restricted to use as a tether and for construction of nests and egg sacs, and not used for web building." 4/12/11 15:44 3/17/14 11:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums 38111-TrophicStrategy 38111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Trophic Strategy "Information on diet is restricted because of the generalist nature of the spider’s diet (Jennings, 1992)." 4/12/11 15:44 3/17/14 11:38 en General public http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Copyright © 2015 University of Alberta Museums University of Alberta Museums