ReferenceID PublicationType Full Reference PrimaryTitle SecondaryTitle Pages PageStart PageEnd Volume Edition Publisher AuthorList EditorList DateCreated Language URL DOI LocalityOfPublisher 1 Faust, M.A. and K.A. Steidingerae.1998. Bysmatrum gen. nov. (Dinophyceae) and three new combinations for a benthic scrippsielloid species. Phycologia 37: 47-52; and Faust, M.A. 1996. Morphology and ecology of the marine benthic dinoflagellate, Scrippsiella subsalsa (Dinophyceae). Journal of Phycology 32: 669-675. 2 Faust, M.A. 1995. Observation of sand-dwelling toxic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) from widely differing sites, including two new species. Journal of Phycology 31: 996-1003. 3 Chinain, M.A. & Faust, M.A., & S. Pauillac. 1999. Morphology and molecular analyses of three toxic species of Gambierdiscus (Dinophyceae): G. pacificus, sp. nov., G. australes, sp. nov., and G. polynesiensis, sp. nov. J. Phycology. 35: 1282-1296. 4 Faust, M.A. 1999. Three new Ostreopsis species (Dinophyceae): O. marinus sp. nov., O. belizeanus sp. nov., and 0. caribbeanus sp. nov. Phycologia 38: 92-99. 5 Faust, M.A. S.L. Morton. 1995. Morphology and ecology of the marine dinoflagellate Ostreopsis labens sp. nov. (Dinophyceae). Journal of Phycology 31: 456-463. 6 Morton, S.L., Faust, M.A., Fairey, E.A. and Moeller, D.R. 2002. Morphology and toxicology of Prorocentrum arabianum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a toxic planktonic dinoflagellate from the Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea. Harmful Algae 1: 393-400. 7 Faust, M.A. 1994. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum, (Dinophyceae) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Journal of Phycology 30: 755-763. 8 Faust, M.A. 1993. Three new benthic species (Dinophyceae) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize. Journal of Phycology 29: 100-109. 9 Morton, S. L. 1998. Morphology and Toxicology of Prorocentrum faustiae sp. nov., a Toxic Species of Non-Planktonic Dinoflagellate from Heron Island, Australia. Botanica Marina 41:565-569. 10 Faust, M.A. 1993. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Twin Cays, Belize. Phycologia 32: 410-418. 11 Faust M.A.1990. Morphologic details of six benthic species of Prorocentrum (Pyrrophyta) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize. Journal of Phycology 26: 548-558. 12 Faust, M.A. 1997. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Belize. Journal of Phycology, 33: 851-858. 13 Faust M.A. 2002. Protoperidinium belizeanum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) from Manatee Cay, Belize, Central America. Journal of Phycology 38:390-394. Abbott & Ballantine 1957 Abbott, B.C. & D. Ballantine 1957. The toxin from Gymnodinium veneficum Ballantine. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 36: 169-189. Abe 1967 Abè, T.H. 1967. The armoured Dinoflagellata: II. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 14: 369-389 and 15: 37-78. Abè 1967 Abè, T.H. 1967. The armoured Dinoflagellata: II. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 14: 369-389 and 15: 37-78. Adachi & Fukuyo 1979 Adachi, R. & Y. Fukuyo 1979. The thecal structure of a marine toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus gen. et sp. nov. collected in a ciguatera endemic area. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish 45: 67-71. Adachi and Fukuyo 1979 Adachi, R. & Y. Fukuyo 1979. The thecal structure of a marine toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus gen. et sp. nov. collected in a ciguatera endemic area. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish 45: 67-71. Adachi et al 1995 Adachi, M., Y. Sako, A. Uchida & Y. Ishida 1995. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) define species of the genus Alexandrium. In: P. Lassus, G. Arzul, E. Erard, P. Gentien & C. Marcaillou (eds.), Harmful Marine Algal Blooms, Lavoisier, Intercept Ltd: 15-20. Adler et al 1993 Adler, R.W., J.C. Landman & D.M. Cameron 1993. The Clean Water Act 20 years later. National Resources Defense Council, Island Press, Washington, D.C.: 259-305. Aikman et al 1993 Aikman, K.E., Tindall, D.R. & S.L. Morton 1993. Physiology, potency of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum hoffmannianum (Faust) during one complete growth cycle. In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 463-468. Aiyar 1936 Aiyar, R.G. 1936. Mortality of fish of the Madras coast in June 1935. Current Sci. 4: 488-489. Allen 1921 Allen, W.E. 1921. Preliminary statistical studies of marine phytoplannkton of the San Diego region, California. Proc. First Pan.-Pac. Sci. Conf. 1: 537-554. Alvito et al 1990 Alvito, P., I. Sousa, S. Franca, M.A. de M. Sampayo 1990. Diarrhetic shellfish toxins in bivalve molluscs along the coast of Portugal. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundstrom, L. Edler & D.M. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 443-448. Anderson et al 1985 Anderson, D.M., A.W. White & D.G. Baden 1985. Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York. 561 pp. Avaria 1979 Avaria, S.P. 1979. Red tides off the coast of Chile. In: L.T. Taylor & H.H. Seliger (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York: 161-164. Baden 1983 Baden, D.G. 1983. Marine food-borne dinoflagellate toxins. Intern. Rev. Cytol. 82: 99-150. Baden et al 1982 Baden, D.G., T.J. Mende, G. Bikhazi & I. Leung 1982. Bronchoconstriction caused by Florida red tide toxins. Toxicon 20: 929-932. Bagnis et al 1979 Bagnis, R., J.-M. Hurtel, Y. Fukuyo, A. Inoue & T. Yasumoto 1979. Some morphological and biological aspects of the dinoflagellate probably responsible for ciguatera. C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 289 (ser. D): 639-642. Balech & Tangen 1985 Balech, E. & K. Tangen 1985. Morphology and taxonomy of toxic species in the tamarensis group (Dinophyceae): Alexandrium excavatum (Braarud) comb. nov. and Alexandrium ostenfeldii comb. nov. Sarsia 70: 333-343. Balech 1967 Balech, E. 1967. Dinoflagelados nuevos o interesantes del Golfo de Mexico y Caribe. Revista Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia Inst. Nac. Invest. Cienc. Nat. Hidrobiologia 2: 75-126, 9 pls. Balech 1971a Balech, E. 1971a. Microplankton de la campana oceanografica Productividad III. Revista del Museo Argentino de ciencias naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". Hidrobiologia 3: 1-202, pls. 1-39. Balech 1971b Balech, E. 1971b. Microplancton del Atlantico Ecuatorial Oeste (Equalant I). Servicio de Hidrografia Nava, Buenos Aries H 654: 1-103. Balech 1976 Balech, E. 1976. Some Norwegian Dinophysis species (Dinoflagellata). Sarsia 61: 75-94. Balech 1985b Balech, E. 1985b. The genus Alexandrium or Gonyaulax of the tamarensis group. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 33-38. Balech 1989 Balech, E. 1989. Redescription of Alexandrium minutum Halim (Dinophyceae) type species of the genus Alexandrium. Phycologia 28: 206-211. Balech 1994 Balech, E. 1994. Three new species of the genus Alexandrium (Dinoflagellata). Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 113: 216-220. Balech 1995 Balech, E. 1995. The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata), Sherkin Island Marine Station, Ireland. 151 pp. Balech and Tangen 1985 Balech, E. & K. Tangen 1985. Morphology and taxonomy of toxic species in the tamarensis group (Dinophyceae): Alexandrium excavatum (Braarud) comb. nov. and Alexandrium ostenfeldii comb. nov. Sarsia 70: 333-343. Ballantine 1956 Ballantine, D. 1956. Two new marine species of Gymnodinium isolated from the Plymouth area. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 35: 467-474. Ballantine et al 1985 Ballantine, D.L., A.T. Bardales, T.R. Tosteson & H.D. Durst, 1985. Seasonal abundance of Gambierdiscus toxicus and Ostreopsis sp. in coastal waters of southwest Puerto Rico. Proc. 5th International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti 4: 417-422. Ballantine et al 1988 Ballantine, D.L., T.R. Tosteson & A.T. Bardales 1988. Population dynamics and toxicity of natural populations of benthic dinoflagellates in southwestern Puerto Rico. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 119: 201-212. Bass & Kuvshinoff 1982 Bass, E.L. & B.W. Kuvshinoff 1982. Evidence for a neuroactive component in the toxic extract from Gonyaulax monilata. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 75C: 131. Belin 1993 Belin, C. 1993. Distribution of Dinophysis spp. and Alexandrium minutum along French coasts since 1984 and their DSP and PSP toxicity levels. In: T.J. Smayda, & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 469-474. Bergmann & Alam 1981 Bergmann, J.S. & M. Alam 1981. On the toxicity of the ciguatera producing dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus toxicus, isolated from the Florida Keys, USA. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Environ. Sci. Eng. 16: 493-500. Besada 1982 Besada, E.G. 1982. Study of the morphology, toxicity and sterol composition of marine tropical benthic dinoflagellates: family Ostreopsidiae. M.S. Thesis, University of Houston, Texas, 89 pp. Besada et al 1982 Besada, E.G., L.A. Loeblich & A.R. Loeblich, III 1982. Observations on tropical, benthic dinoflagellates from ciguatera-endemic areas: Coolia, Gambierdiscus, and Ostreopsis. Bull. Mar. Sci. 32: 723-735. Bhimachar & George 1950 Bhimachar, B.S. & P.C. George 1950. Abrupt set-backs in the fisheries of the Malabar and Kanara coasts and 'red water' phenomenon as their probable cause. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (B) 31: 339-350. Bicknell & Walsh 1975 Bicknell, W.J. & D.C. Walsh 1975. The first 'red tide' in recorded Massachusetts history: managing an acute and unexpectd public health emergency. In: V.R. LoCicero (ed.), Proc. First Int. Conf. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Massachusetts Sci. Tech. Found., Wakefield: 447-458. Biecheler 1952 Biecheler, B. 1952. Recherches sur les Peridiniens. Bulletin Biologie de France et Belgium (Supplement) 36: 1-149. Bjornland & Tangen 1979 Bjornland, T. & K. Tangen 1979. Pigmentation and morphology of a marine Gyrodinium (Dinophyceae) with a major carotenoid different from peridinin and fucoxanthin. J. Phycol. 15: 457-463. Blackburn et al 1989 Blackburn, S.I., G.M. Hallegraeff & C.J. Bolch 1989. Vegetative reproduction and sexual life cycle of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum from Tasmania, Australia. J. Phycol. 25: 577-590. Bockstahler & Coats 1993 Bockstahler, K.R. & D.W. Coats 1993. Spatial and temporal aspects of mixotrophy in Chesapeake Bay dinoflagellates. J. Euk. Microbiol. 40: 49-60. Böhm 1936 Böhm, A. 1936. Dinoflagellates of coastal waters of the western Pacific. Bern. Bishop Mus. Bull. 137: 1-54. Bolch & Hallegraeff 1990 Bolch, C.J. & G.M. Hallegraeff 1990. Dinoflagellate cysts in Recent marine sediments from Tasmania, Australia. Bot. Mar. 33: 173-192. Bolch et al 1991 Bolch, C.J., S.I. Blackburn, J.A. Cannon & G.M. Hallegraeff 1991. The resting cyst of the red-tide dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae). Phycologia 30: 215-219. Bomber 1985 Bomber, J.W. 1985. Ecological studies of benthic dinoflagellates with ciguatera from the Florida Keys. M.S. Thesis, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, 104 pp. Bomber et al 1985 Bomber, J.W., D.R. Norris & L.E. Mitchell 1985. Benthic dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera from the Florida Keys. II. Temporal, spatial and substrate heterogeneity of Protocentrum lima. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagelates, Elsevier Scientific, New York: 45-50. Boni et al 1993 Boni, L., A. Milandri, R. Poletti & M. Pompei 1993. DSP cases along the coasts of Emilia-Romagna (Northwestern Adriatic Sea). In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 475-481. Braarud 1945 Braarud, T. 1945. Morphological observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures (Porella perforata, Goniaulax tamarensis, Protoceratium reticulatum). Avh. Utgitt. Nor. Vidensk. Akad. Oslo Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 11: 1-18. Braarud 1945< Braarud, T. 1945. Morphological observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures (Porella perforata, Goniaulax tamarensis, Protoceratium reticulatum). Avh. Utgitt. Nor. Vidensk. Akad. Oslo Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 11: 1-18. Braarud 1951 Braarud, T. 1951. Salinity as an ecological factor in marine phytoplankton. Physiol. Plant. 4: 28-34. Braarud 1957 Braarud, T. 1957. A red water organism from Walvis Bay. Galathea Rep. 1: 137-138. Braarud and Heimdal 1970 Braarud, T. & B.R. Heimdal 1970. Brown water of the Norwegian coast in autumn 1966. Nytt Mag. Bot. 17: 91-97. Braarud, 1945 Braarud, T. 1945. Morphological observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures (Porella perforata, Goniaulax tamarensis, Protoceratium reticulatum). Avh. Utgitt. Nor. Vidensk. Akad. Oslo Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 11: 1-18. Bruno et al 1990 Bruno, M., P.M.B. Gucci, E. Pierdominici, A. Ioppolo & L. Volterra 1990. Presence of saxitoxin in toxic extracts from Gonyaulax polyedra. Toxicon: 28: 1113-1116. Burkholder & Glasgow 1995 Burkholder, J.M., & H.B. Glasgow, Jr. 1995. Interactions of a toxic estuarine dinoflaglellate with microbial predators and prey. Arch. Protistenk. 145: 177-188. Burkholder & Glasgow 1997 Burkholder, J.M. & H.B. Glasgow, Jr. 1997. Pfiesteria piscicida and other Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates: Behavior, impacts, and environmental controls. Limnol. Oceanogr. 45: 1052-1075. Burkholder et al 1992 Burkholder, J.M., E.J. Noga, C.W. Hobbs, H.B. Glasgow, Jr. & S.A. Smith 1992. New "phantom" dinoflagellate is the causative agent of major estuarine fish kills. Nature 358: 407-410; 360: 768. Burkholder et al 1993 Burkholder, J.M., H. B. Glasgow, Jr., C.W. Hobbs & E.J. Noga 1993. The role of a newly discovered toxic dinoflagellate in finfish and shellfish kills in the Neuse and Pamlico Estuaries. Albermarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study, Report 93-08, U.S. EPA National Estuary Program and UNC Water Resources Research Institute, Raleigh, NC, 58 pp. Burkholder et al 1995 Burkholder, J.M., H.B. Glasgow, Jr., & C.W. Hobbs 1995. Fish kills linked to a toxic ambush-predator dinoflagellate: distribution and environmental conditions. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 124: 43-61. Burkholder et al 1998 Burkholder, J.M., H.B. Glasgow, Jr. & A.J. Lewitus 1998. The physiological ecology of Pfiesteria piscicida, with general comments on ambush-predator dinoflagellates. In: D.M. Anderson, G.M. Hallegraeff & A.D. Cembella (eds.), The Physiological Ecology of Harmful Microalgae, NATO, Paris: 175-191. Burns & Mitchell 1982 Burns, D.A. & J.S. Mitchell 1982. Dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis Ehrenberg from New Zealand coastal waters. N.Z. J. Mar. Fresh. Res. 16: 289-298. Bursa 1959 Bursa, A. 1959. The genus Prorocentrum Ehrenberg. Morphodynamics, protoplasmic structures and taxonomy. Can. J. Bot. 37: 1-31. Bütschli 1885 Butschli, O. 1885. Erster Band. Protozoa. In: Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordinungen des Thier-Reichs, Wissenschaftlich Dargestellt in Wort und Bild, C.F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig: 856-1088. Cannon 1990 Cannon, J. 1990. Development and dispersal of red tides in the Port River, South Australia. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundtrom, L. Edler & D. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 110-115. Cardwell et al 1979 Cardwell, R.D., S. Olsen, M.I. Carr & E.W. Sanborn 1979. Causes of oyster mortality in South Puget Sound. NOAA Tech. Mem. ERL MESA-39. Carlson & Tindall 1985 Carlson, R.D & D.R. Tindall 1985. Distribution and periodicity of toxic dinoflagellates in the Virgin Islands. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 171-176. Carlson 1984 Carlson, R.D. 1984. Distribution, periodicity and culture of benthic/epiphytic dinoflagellates in a ciguatera endemic region of the Caribbean. Ph.D. Thesis, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 308 pp. Carlson and Tindall 1985 Carlson, R.D & D.R. Tindall 1985. Distribution and periodicity of toxic dinoflagellates in the Virgin Islands. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 171-176. Carrada et al 1991 Carrada, G.C., R. Casotti, M. Modigh & V. Saggiomo 1991. Presence of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) in a coastal Mediterranean lagoon. J. Plank. Res. 13: 229-238. Carslon & Tindall 1985 Carlson, R.D & D.R. Tindall 1985. Distribution and periodicity of toxic dinoflagellates in the Virgin Islands. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 171-176. Cembella 1989 Cembella, A.D. 1989. Occurrence of okadaic acid, a major diarrheic shellfish toxin, in natural populations of Dinophysis spp. from the eastern coast of North America. J. Appl. Phycol. 1: 307-310. Cembella et al 1987 Cembella, A.D., J.J. Sullivan, G.L. Boyer, F.J.R. Taylor & R.J. Anderson 1987. Variation in paralytic shellfish toxin composition within the Protogonyaulax tamarensis/catenella species complex; red tide dinoflagellates. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 15: 171-186. Cembella et al 1988 Cembella, A.D., J.-C. Therriault & P. Beland 1988. Toxicity of cultured isolates and natural populations of Protogonyaulax tamarensis from the St. Lawrence estuary. J. Shellfish Res. 7: 611-621. Cembella et al 2000 Cembella, A.D., N.I. Lewis & M.A. Quilliam 2000. The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) as the causative organism of spirolide shellfish toxins. Phycologia 39: 67-74. Chang 2000 Chang, F.H. 2000. Pink blooms in the spring in Wellington Harbour. Aquaculture Update 24: 10-12. Chang et al 1995 Chang, F.H., L. Mackenzie, D. Till, D. Hannah & L. Rhodes 1995. The first toxic shellfish outbreaks and the associated phytoplankton blooms in early 1993 in New Zealand. In: P. Lassus, G. Arzul, E. Erard, P. Gentien & C. Marcaillou (eds.), Harmful Marine Algal Blooms, Lavoisier, Intercept Ltd: 145-150. Cienkowski 1881 Cienkowski, L. 1881. Bericht uber eine Exkursion ins weisse Meer um Jahre 1880. Traveaux de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de St. Petersbourg 12: 130-71. Claparède and Lachmann 1859 Claparède, E. & J. Lachmann 1858-59. Etude sur les infusiores et les rhizopodes. Mems. Inst. Genev. 5-6: 1-489. Clemons et al 1980 Clemons, G.P., J.P. Pinion, E. Bass, D.V. Pham, M. Sharif & J.G. Wutoh 1980. A hemolytic principle associated with the red-tide dinoflagellate Gonyaulax monilata. Toxicon 18: 323. Cleve 1900 Cleve, P.T. 1901. The seasonal distribution of Atlantic plankton organisms. Göteborgs VetenskSamh. Handl. 3: 1-368. Cleve 1902 Cleve, P.T. 1902. Additional notes on the seasonal distribution of Atlantic plankton organisms. Göteborgs VetenskSamh. Handl. 4: 1-51. Connell & Cross 1950 Connell, C.H. & J.B. Cross 1950. Mass mortality of fish associated with the protozoan Gonyaulax in the Gulf of Mexico. Science 112: 359. Copenhagen 1953 Copenhagen, W.J. 1953. The periodic mortality of fish in the Walvis region. A phenomenon within the Benguela current. Department of Commerce and Industries, Division of Fisheries, Investigational Rep. 14: 1-33. Croome & Tyler 1987 Croome, R.L. & P.A. Tyler 1987. Prorocentrum playfairi and Prorocentrum foveolata, two new dinoflagellates from Australian freshwaters. Br. Phycol. J. 22: 67-75. Dahl & Yndestad 1985 Dahl, E. & M. Yndestad 1985. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in Norway in the autumn 1984 related to the occurrence of Dinophysis spp. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 495-500. Dale et al 1978 Dale, B., C.M. Yentsch & J.W. Hurst 1978. Toxicity in resting cysts of the red-tide dinoflagellate Gonyaulax excavata from deeper water coastal sediments. Science 201: 1223-1223. Davis 1948 Davis, C.C. 1948. Gymnodinium brevis sp. nov., a cause of discolored water and animal mortality in the Gulf of Mexico. Bot. Gaz. 109: 358-360. Deflandre and Cookson 1955 Deflandre, G. & I.C. Cookson 1955. Fossil microplankton from Australian sediments. Aust. J. Mar. Fresh. Res. 6: 274. Delgado et al 1996 Delgado, M., E. Garces & J. Camp 1996. Growth and behavior of Dinophysis sacculus from NW Mediterranean. In: T. Yasumoto, Y. Oshima & Y. Fukuyo (eds.), Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms, IOC UNESCO, Paris: 261-264. Dickey et al 1990 Dickey, R.W., S.C. Bobzin, D.J. Faulkner, F.A. Benchath & D. Andrzejwski 1990. Identification of okadaic acid from a Caribbean dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum concavum. Toxicon 28: 371-377. Dodge & Bibby 1973 Dodge, J.D. & B.T. Bibby 1973. The Prorocentrales (Dinophyceae) I. A comparative account of fine structure in the genera Prorocentrum and Exuviaella. Bot. J. Lin. Soc. 67: 175-187. Dodge 1973 Dodge, J.D. 1973. The Fine Structure of Algal Cells. Academic Press, London. 261 pp. Dodge 1975 Dodge, J.D. 1975. The Prorocentrales (Dinophyceae). II. Revision of the taxonomy within the genus Prorocentrum. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 103-125. Dodge 1977 Dodge, J.D. 1977. The early summer bloom of dinoflagellates in the North Sea with special reference to 1971. Mar. Biol. 40: 327-336. Dodge 1981 Dodge, J.D. 1981. Three new generic names in the Dinophyceae: Heteraulacus, Sclerodinium, and Triadinium to replace Heteraulacus and Goniodoma. Brit. Phycol. J. 16: 273-280. Dodge 1982 Dodge, J.D. 1982. Marine Dinoflagellates of the British Isles. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. 303 pp. Dodge 1985 Dodge, J.D. 1985. Atlas of Dinoflagellates. Farrand Press, London. 119 pp. Dodge 1989 Dodge, J.D. 1989. Some revisions of the family Gonyaulacaceae (Dinophyceae) based on a scanning electron microscope study. Bot. Mar. 32: 289. Drebes 1974 Drebes, G. 1974. Marines Phytoplankton. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart. 186 pp. Edler & Hageltorn 1990 Edler, L. & M. Hageltorn 1990. Identification of the causative organism of a DSP-outbreak on the Swedish west coast. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundstrom & D.M. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 345-349. Edler et al 1984 Edler, L., G. Hallfors & A. Niemi 1984. A preliminary check-list of the phytoplankton of the Baltic Sea. Acta Bot. Fenn. 128: 1-26. Ehrenberg 1834 Ehrenberg, C.G. 1834. Dritter Beitrag zur Erkenntnis grösser Organisation in der Richtung des kleinsten Raumes. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin: 307. Ehrenberg 1839 Ehrenberg, C.G. 1839. Über noch jetzt zahlreich lebende Thierarten der Kreidebildung und den Organismus der Polythalamien. Abhandlunger der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 81-174. Ehrenberg 1860 Ehrenberg, C. 1860. Nachtrag zu Hrn. Ehrenbergs Mittheilung vom 8. Decbr. 1859. Verzeichniss der Leuchtthierchen. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1859: 791-793. Elbrächter 1991 Elbrächter, M. 1991. Food uptake mechanisms in phagotrophic dinoflagellates and classification. In: D.J. Patterson & J. Larsen (eds.), The Biology of Free-Living Heterotrophic Flagellates, Clarendon Press, Oxford: 303-312. Epstein et al 1993 Epstein, P.R., T.E. Ford & R.R. Colwell 1994. Marine ecosystems. Lancet, special issue - Health and Climate Change: 14-17. Estrada et al 1984 Estrada, M., F.J. Sanchez & S. Fraga 1984. Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham) en las rias gallegas (NO de Espana), Inv. Pesq. 48: 31-40. Faust & Morton 1995 Faust, M.A. & S. L. Morton 1995. Morphology and ecology of the marine dinoflagellate Ostreopsis labens sp. nov. (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol. 31: 456-463. Faust 1974 Faust, M.A. 1974. Micromorphology of a small dinoflagellate Prorocentrum mariae-lebouriae (Parke & Ballantine) comb. nov. J. Phycol. 10: 315-322. Faust 1990a Faust, M.A. 1990a. Cysts of Prorocentrum marinum (Dinophyceae) in floating detritus at Twin Cays, Belize mangrove habitats. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundstrom, L. Edler & D.M. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 138-143. Faust 1990b Faust, M.A. 1990b. Morphologic details of six benthic species of Prorocentrum (Pyrrophyta) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize, including two new species. J. Phycol. 26: 548-558. Faust 1991 Faust, M.A. 1991. Morphology of ciguatera-causing Prorocentrum lima (Pyrrophyta) from widely differing sites. J. Phycol. 27: 642-648. Faust 1992 Faust, M.A. 1992. Observations on the morphology and sexual reproduction of Coolia monotis (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol. 28: 94-104. Faust 1993a Faust, M.A. 1993a. Prorocentrum belizeanum, Prorocentrum elegans and Prorocentrum caribbaeum, three new benthic species (Dinophyceae) from a mangrove island Twin Cays, Belize. J. Phycol. 29: 100-107. Faust 1993b Faust, M.A. 1993b. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Twin Cays, Belize: P. maculosum sp. nov., P. foraminosum sp. nov. and P. formosum sp. nov. Phycologia 32: 410-418. Faust 1993c Faust, M.A. 1993c. Sexuality in a toxic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima. In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 121-126. Faust 1993d Faust, M.A. 1993d. Alternate asexual reproduction of Prorocentrum lima in culture. In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 115-120. Faust 1994 Faust, M.A. 1994. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize: P. sabulosum sp. nov., P. sculptile sp. nov., and P. arenarium sp. nov. J. Phycol. 30: 755-763. Faust 1995 Faust, M.A. 1995. Observation of sand-dwelling toxic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) from widely differing sites, including two new species. J. Phycol. 31: 996-1003. Faust 1996b Faust, M.A. 1996b. Dinoflagellates in a mangrove ecosystem, Twin Cays, Belize. Nova Hedwigia 112: 447-460. Faust 1997 Faust, M.A. 1997. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Belize: P. norrisianum sp. nov., P. tropicalis sp. nov., and P. reticulatum sp. nov. J. Phycol. 33: 851-858. Faust et al 1996 Faust, M.A., S.L. Morton & J.P. Quod 1996. Further SEM study of marine dinoflagellates: The genus Ostreopsis (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol. 32: 1053-1065. Faust et al 1999 Faust, M.A., J. Larsen & O. Moestrup 1999. Potentially toxic phytoplankton. 3. Genus Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae), ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton. Leaflet No. 184: 1-23. Faust MA pers com Faust, M.A., Personal Communication Faust MA unpublished Faust, M.A., Unpublished Fensome et al 1993 Fensome, R.A., F.J.R. Taylor, G. Norris, W.A.S. Sarjeant, D.I. Wharton & G.L. Williams 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology, Special Publication Number 7, Sheridan Press, Pennsylvania. 351 pp. Fields & Rhodes 1991 Fields, S.D. & R.G. Rhodes 1991. Ingestion and retention of Chroomonas spp. (Cryptophyceae) by Gymnodinium acidotum (Dinophyceae), J. Phycol. 27: 525-529. Fraga & Sanchez 1985 Fraga, S. & F.J. Sanchez 1985. Toxic and potentially toxic dinoflagellates in Galician Rias (NW Spain). In: D. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 51-55. Fraga et al 1995 Fraga, S., I. Bravo, M. Delgado, J.M. Franco & M. Zapata 1995. Gyrodinium impudicum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a non toxic, chain-forming, red tide dinoflagellate. Phycologia 34: 514-521. Franca & Almeida 1989 Franca, S. & J.F. Almeida 1989. Paralytic shellfish poisons in bivalve molluscs on the Portuguese coast caused by a bloom of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum. In: T. Okaichi, D.M. Anderson & T. Nemoto (eds.), Red Tides: Biology, Environmental Science and Toxicology, Elsevier, New York: 93-96. Freudenthal & Jijina 1985 Freudenthal, A.R. & J. Jijina 1985. Shellfish poisoning episodes involving or coincidental with dinoflagellates. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 461-466. Fukuyo 1981 Fukuyo, Y. 1981. Taxonomical study on benthic dinoflagellates collected in coral reefs. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 47: 967-978. Fukuyo 1985 Fukuyo, Y. 1985. Morphology of Protogonyaulax tamarensis (Lebour) and Protogonyaulax catenella (Whedon & Kofoid) Taylor from Japanese coastal waters. Bull. Mar. Sci. 37: 533-534. Fukuyo et al 1985 Fukuyo, Y., K. Yoshida & H. Inoue 1985. Protogonyaulax in Japanese coastal waters. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 27-32. Fukuyo et al 1988 Fukuyo, Y., P. Pholpunthin & K. Yoshida 1988. Protogonyaulax (Dinophyceae) in the Gulf of Thailand. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 35: 9-20. Fukuyo et al 1989 Fukuyo, Y., K. Yoshida, T. Ogata, T. Ishimaru, M. Kodama, P. Pholpunthin, S. Wisessang, V. Phanichyakarn & T. Piyakarnchana 1989. Suspected causative dinoflagellates of paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Gulf of Thailand. In: Okachi, T., D.M. Anderson & T. Nemoto (eds.), Red Tides: Biology, Environmental Science, and Toxicology, Elsevier, New York: 403-406. Fukuyo et al 1990 Fukuyo, Y., H. Takano, M. Chihara & K. Matsuoka 1990. Red Tide Organisms in Japan. An Illustrated Taxonomic Guide. Uchida Rokakuho, Co., Ltd., Tokyo. 407 pp. Fukuyo et al 1993 Fukuyo, Y., M. Kodama, T. Ogata, T. Ishimaru, K. Matsuoka, T. Okaichi, A.M. Maala & J.A. Ordones 1993. Occurrence of Gymnodinium catenatum in Manila Bay, the Philippines. In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 875-880. Gail 1950 Gail, G.I. 1950. Opredelitel fitoplanktona Iaponskogo moria. Izvest. Tikook. Inst. Rib. Koz. Okeanogr.; Vladivostok 33: 1-177. Gaines & Elbrächter 1987 Gaines, G. & M. Elbrächter 1987. Heterotrophic nutrition. In: F.J.R. Taylor (ed.), The Biology of Dinoflagellates, Blackwell, Boston: 224-268. Gates & Wilson 1960 Gates, J.A. & W.B. Wilson 1960. The toxicity of Gonyaulax monilata Howell to Mugil cephalus. Limnol. Oceanogr. 5: 171-174. Giacobbe & Gangemi 1997 Giacobbe, M.G. & E. Gangemi 1997. Vegetative and sexual aspects of Dinphysis pavillardi (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol. 33: 73-80. Giacobbe 1995 Giacobbe, M.G. 1995. Morphological observations on Dinophysis species (Dinophyceae) from Mediterranean coastal waters. Cryptogamie, Algol. 16: 233-245. Giacobbe and Gangemi 1997 Giacobbe, M.G. & E. Gangemi 1997. Vegetative and sexual aspects of Dinphysis pavillardi (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol. 33: 73-80. Giacobbe et al 1995 Giacobbe, M.G., F. Oliva, R. La Ferla, A. Puglisi, E. Crisafi & G. Maimone 1995. Potentially toxic dinoflagellates in Mediterranean waters (Sicily) and related hydrobiological conditions. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 9: 3-68. Glasgow 1997 JOANN M. BURKHOLDER HOWARD B. GLASGOW. 1997. Trophic Controls on Stage Transformations of a Toxic Ambush‐Predator Dinoflagellate. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 44(3):200-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05700.x Glasgow et al 1998 Glasgow, Jr., H.B., A.J. Lewitus & J.M. Burkholder 1998. Feeding behavior of the ichthyotoxic estuarine dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida, on amino acids, algal prey, and fish vs. mammalian erythrocytes. In: B. Reguera, J. Blanco, Ma L. Fernandez & T. Wyatt (eds.), Harmful Algae, Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Spain: 394-397. Gourret 1883 Gourret, P. 1883. Sur les Peridiniens du Golfe de Marseille. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Marseille, Zool. 1: 1-144. Graham 1943 Graham, H.W. 1943. Gymnodinium catenatum, a new dinoflagellate from the Gulf of California. Tans. Am. Micr. Soc. 62: 259-261. Graneli et al 1990 Graneli, E., B. Sundstrom, L. Edler & D.M. Anderson 1990. Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York. 554 pp. Grindley & Taylor 1964 Grindley, J.R. & F.J.R. Taylor 1964. Red water and marine fauna mortality near Cape Town. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 37: 11-130. Gunter 1942 Günter, G. 1942. Recurrent summer fish mortalities on the Texas coast. Am. Midl. Nat. 28: 631. Halim 1960 Halim, Y. 1960. Alexandrium minutum n. gen. n. sp., dinoflagelle provocant 'des eaux rouges'. Vie et Milieu 11: 102-105. Halim 1967 Halim, Y. 1967. Dinoflagellates of the South-East Caribbean Sea (East Venezuela). Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 52: 701-755. Hallegraeff & Bolch 1991 Hallegraeff, G.M. & C.J. Bolch 1991. Transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water. Mar. Poll. Bull. 22: 27-30. Hallegraeff & Lucas 1988 Hallegraeff, G.M. & I.A.N. Lucas 1988. The marine dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis (Dinophyceae): photosynthetic, neritic and non-photosynthetic, oceanic species. Phycologia 27: 25-42. Hallegraeff 1987 Hallegraeff, G. 1987. Red tides in the Australasian region. CSIRO Mar. Lab, Rep. 187. Hallegraeff 1991 Hallegraeff, G.M. 1991. Aquaculturists Guide to Harmful Australian Microalgae. Fishing Industry Training Board of Tasmania/CSIRO Division of Fisheries, Hobart, 111 pp. Hallegraeff 1993 Hallegraeff, G.M. 1993. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia 32: 79-99. Hallegraeff et al 1988 Hallegraeff, G.M., D.A. Steffensen & R. Wetherbee 1988. Three estuarine Australian dinoflagellates that can produce paralytic shellfish poisons. J. Plank. Res. 10: 533-541. Hallegraeff et al 1989 Hallegraeff, G.M., S.O. Stanley, C.J. Bolch & S. Blackburn 1989. Gymnodinium catenatum blooms and shellfish toxicity in southern Tasmania, Australia. In: T. Okaichi, D.M. Anderson & T. Nemoto (eds.), Red Tides: Biology, Environmental Science and Toxicology, Elsevier, New York: 77-80. Hallegraeff et al 1991 Hallegraeff, G.M., C.J. Bolch, S.I. Blackburn & Y. Oshima 1991. Species of the toxigenic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium in southeastern Australian waters. Bot. Mar. 34: 575-587. Hansen 1991 Hansen, P.J. 1991. Dinophysis - a planktonic dinoflagellate genus which can act both as a prey and a predator of a ciliate. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 69: 201-204. Hansen 1993 Hansen, G. 1993. Dimorphic individuals of Dinophysis acuta and D. norvegica (Dinophyceae) from Danish waters. Phycologia 32: 73-75. Hansen et al 1992 Hansen, P.J., A.D. Cembella & O. Moestrup 1992. The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii: Paralytic shellfish toxin concentration, composition, and toxicity to a tintinnid ciliate. J. Phycol. 28: 597-603. Hasle 1960 Hasle, G.R. 1960. Phytoplankton and ciliate species from the tropical Pacific. Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo I. Matematisk-Naturvidenskapelig Klasse 2: 1-50. Hayashi et al 1982 Hayashi, T., Y. Shimizu & A.W. White 1982. Toxin profile of herbivorous zooplankton during a Gonyaulax bloom in the Bay of Fundy. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 48: 1673. Hirasaka 1922 Hirasaka, K. 1922. On a case of discolored sea-water. Annot. Zool. Jap. X(15): 161-164. Holmes et al 1988 Holmes, M.J., N.C. Gillespie & R.J. Lewis 1988. Toxicity and morphology of Ostreopsis cf. siamensis cultured from a ciguatera endemic region of Queensland, Australia. Proc. 6th International Coral Reef Symposium 3: 49-54. Holmes et al 1995 Holmes, M.J., R.J. Lewis, A. Jones & A.W. Wong Hoy 1995. Cooliatoxin, the first toxin from Coolia monotis (Dinophyceae). Nat. Tox. 3: 355-362. Honsell 1993 Honsell, G. 1993. First report of Alexandrium minutum in the Northern Adriatic waters (Mediterranean Sea). In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 127-132. Honsell et al 1992 Honsell, G., L. Boni, M. Cabrini & M. Pompei 1992. Toxic or potentially toxic dinoflagellates from the Northern Adriatic Sea. Sci. Total Environ. (Suppl.): 107-114. Horiguchi 1983 Horiguchi, T. 1983. Life History and Taxonomy of Benthic Dinoflagellates (Pyrrhophyta). Ph.D. thesis, University of Tsukuba, Japan, 141 pp. Horstman 1981 Horstman, D.A. 1981. Reported red water outbreaks and their effects on fuana of the west and south coasts of South Africa 1959-1980. Fish. Bull. S. Afr. 15: 71-88. Hoshiai et al 1997 Hoshiai, G.-i., T. Shuzuki, T. Onodera, M. Yamasaki & S. Taguchi 1997. A case of non-toxic mussels under the presence of high concentrations of toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata that occurred in Kesennuma Bay, northern Japan. Fish. Sci. 63: 317-318. Howell 1953 Howell, J.F. 1953. Gonyaulax monilata sp. nov. the causative dinoflagellate of a red tide in the east coast of Florida in August-September 1951. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 72: 153-156. Hu et al 1993 Hu, T., A.S.W. deFreitas, J. Doyle, D. Jackson, J. Marr, E. Nixon, S. Pleasance, M.A. Quilliam, J.A. Walter & J.L.C. Wright 1993. New DSP toxin derivatives isolated from toxic mussels and the dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum lima and Prorocentrum concavum. In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 507-512. Hu et al 1995 Hu, T., J.M. Curtis, J.A. Walter & J.L.C. Wright 1995. Identification of DTX-4, a new water-soluble phosphatase inhibitor from the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 5: 597-599. Hu et al 1996 Hu, T., A.S.W. de Freitas, J.M. Curtis, Y. Oshima, J.A. Walter & J.L.C. Wright 1996. Isolation and structure of prorocentrolide B, a fast-acting toxin from Prorocentrum maculosum. J. Nat. Prod. 59: 1010-1014. Huang & Qi 1997 Huang, C. & H. Qi. 1997. The abundance cycle and influence factors on red tide phenomena of Noctiluca scintillans (Dinophyceae) in Dapeng Bay, the South China Sea. J. Plank. Res. 19: 303-318. Hughes 1979 Hughes, J.M. 1979. Epidemiology of shellfish poisoning in the United States, 1971-1977. In: D.L. Taylor & H.H. Seliger (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York: 23-28. Hurst 1975 Hurst, J.W., Jr. 1975. History of paralytic shellfish poisoning on the Maine coast 1958-1974. In: V.R. LoCicero (ed.), Proc. First Int. Conf. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Massachusetts Sci. Tech. Found., Wakefield: 525-528. Hwang et al 1999 Hwang, D.-F., Y.-H. Tsai, H.-J. Liao, K. Matsuoka, T. Noguchi & S.-S. Jeng 1999. Toxins of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim from the coastal waters and aquaculture ponds in southern Taiwan. Fish. Sci. 65: 171-172. Igarashi 1986 Igarashi, T. 1986. Occurrence of Dinophysis fortii, a dinoflagellate responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning at Kesennuma Bay. Bull. Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 48: 137-144. Ikeda et al 1989 Ikeda, T., S. Matsuno, S. Sato, T. Ogata, M. Kodama, Y. Fukuyo & H. Takayama 1989. First report on paralytic shellfish poisoning caused by Gymnodinium catenatum Graham (Dinophyceae) in Japan. In: T. Okaichi, D.M. Anderson & T. Nemoto (eds.), Red Tides: Biology, Environmental Sciences and Toxicology, Elsevier, New York: 411-414. Inoue et al 1993 Inoue, H., Y. Fukuyo & Y. Nimura 1993. Feeding behavior of dinoflagellate Oxyphysis oxytoxoides on ciliates. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 40: 9-17. Ishimaru et al 1988 Ishimaru, T., H. Inoue, Y. Fukuyo & M. Kodama 1988. Cultures of Dinophysis fortii and D. acuminata with the cryptomonad Plagioselmis sp. Proc. Japan. Soc. Mycotoxic., Spec. Iss. 1: 19-20. Jacobson & Andersen 1994 Jacobson, D.M. & D.M. Anderson 1986. Thecate heterotrophic dinoflagellates: feeding behavior and mechanism. J. Phycol. 22: 249-258. Jacobson and Andersen 1994 Jacobson, D.M. & D.M. Anderson 1986. Thecate heterotrophic dinoflagellates: feeding behavior and mechanism. J. Phycol. 22: 249-258. Jeffrey et al 1975 Jeffrey, S., M. Seilicki & F. Haxo 1975. Chloroplast pigment patterns in dinoflagellates. J. Phycol. 11: 374-384. Jensen & Moestrup 1997 Jensen, M. & O. Moestrup 1997. Autecology of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii: life history and growth at different temperatures and salinities. Eur. J. Phycol. 32: 9-18. Johnsen & Sakshaug 1993 Johnsen, G. & E. Sakshaug 1993. Bio-optical characteristics and photoadaptive responses in the toxic and bloom-forming dinoflagellates Gyrodinium aureolum, Gymnodinium galatheanum, and two strains of Prorocentrum minimum. J. Phycol. 29: 627-642. Jörgensen 1923 Jörgensen, E. 1923. Mediterranean Dinophysiaceae. Rep. Dan. Oceanogr. Exped. 2(J2): 1-48. Kat 1985 Kat, M. 1985. Dinophysis acuminata blooms, the distinct cause of Dutch mussel poisoning. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 73-78. Kat 1989 Kat, M. 1989. Toxic and non-toxic dinoflagellate blooms on the Dutch coast. In: T. Okaichi, D.M. Anderson & T. Nemoto (eds.), Red Tides, Proc. 1st Inter. Symp. Red Tides, Elsevier, New York: 73-76. Keifer & Lasker 1975 Kiefer, D.A. & R. Lasker 1975. Two blooms of Gymnodinium splendens, an unarmored dinoflagellate. Fish. Bull. 73: 675-678. Kita & Fukuyo 1988 Kita, T. & Y. Fukuyo 1988. Description of the gonyaulacoid dinoflagellate Alexandrium hiranoi sp. nov. inhabiting tidepools on Japanese Pacific coast. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 35: 1-7. Kodama et al 1988 Kodama, M., T. Ogata, Y. Fukuyo, T. Ishimaru, P. Pholpunthin, S. Wisessang, K. Saitanu, V. Panickyakarn & T. Pitankarnchana 1988. Protogonyaulax cohorticula, a toxic dinoflagellate found in the Gulf of Thailand. Toxicon 26: 709-712. Kofoid & Swezy 1921 Kofoid, C.A. & O. Swezy 1921. The free-living unarmored dinoflagellata. Mem. Univ. Calif. 5: 1-562. Kofoid 1911 Kofoid, C.A. 1911. Dinoflagellata of the San Diego region, IV. The genus Gonyaulax, with notes on its skeletal morphology and a discussion of its generic and specific characters. Univ. Cal. Publ. Zool. 8: 187-269. Kofoid and Michener 1911 Kofoid, C.A. & J.R. Michener 1911. Reports of the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, 22. New genera and species of dinoflagellates. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. Coll. 54: 267-302. Koizumi et al 1996 Koizumi, Y., Kohno, J., Matsuyama, N., Uchida, T. & T. Honjo 1996. Environmental features and the mass mortality of fish and shellfish during the Gonyaulax polygramma red tide occurred in and round Uwajima Bay, Japan, in 1994. Nip. Suis. Gakk. 62: 217-224. Konovalova 1993 Konovalova, G.V. 1993. Toxic and potentially toxic dinoflagellates from the far east coastal waters of Russia. In: Smayda, T.J. & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 275-279. Koray & Buyukisik 1988 Koray, T. & B. Buyukisik 1988. Toxic dinoflagellate blooms in the harbour region of Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea). Rev. Inter. d'Oceanogr. Med. 91-92: 25-42. Krogh et al 1985 Krogh, P., L. Edler, E. Graneli & U. Nyman 1985. Outbreak of diarrheic shellfish poisoning on the west coast of Sweden. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 501-503. La Barbera-Sanchez et al 1993 La Barbera-Sanchez, A., S. Hall & E. Ferraz-Reyes 1993. Alexandrium sp., Gymnodinium catenatum and PSP in Venezuela. In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 281-285. Lam & Yip 1990 Lam, C.W.Y. & S.S.Y. Yip 1990. A three-month red tide event in Hong Kong. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundstrom & D.M. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 481-486. Larsen & Moestrup 1989 Larsen, J. & O. Moestrup 1989. Guide to Toxic and Potentially Toxic Marine Algae. The Fish Inspection Service, Ministry of Fisheries, Copenhagen. 61 pp. Larsen & Moestrup 1992 Larsen, J. & O. Moestrup 1992. Potentially toxic phytoplankton. 2. Genus Dinophysis (Dinophyceae). In: J.A. Lindley (ed.), ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton. ICES, Copenhagen, 180: 1-12. Larsen 1994 Larsen, J. (1994). Unarmoured dinoflagellates from Australian waters I. The genus Gymnodinium (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae). Phycologia 33: 24-33. Larsen and Moestrup 1992 Larsen, J. & O. Moestrup 1992. Potentially toxic phytoplankton. 2. Genus Dinophysis (Dinophyceae). In: J.A. Lindley (ed.), ICES Identification Leaflets for Plankton. ICES, Copenhagen, 180: 1-12. Lassus & Berthome 1988 Lassus, P. & J.P. Berthome 1988. Status of 1987 algal blooms in IFREMER. ICES/annex, III C.M. 1988/F:33A: 5-13. Lassus & Marcaillou-Le Baut 1991 Lassus, P. & C. Marcaillou-Le Baut 1991. Le genre Dinophysis (Dinophycee). In: A. Sournia, C. Belin, B. Berland, E. Erard-Le Denn, P. Gentien, D. Grzebyk, C. Marcaillou-Le Baut, P. Lassus & F. Partensky (eds.), Le Phytoplancton Nuisible des Cotes de France. De la Biologie a la Prevention, IFREMER, France: 11-61. Lassus 1988 Lassus, P. 1988. Plancton toxique et plancton d'eaux rouges sur les cotes Europeennes. Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, 97 pp. Lassus et al 1985 Lassus, P., M. Bardouil, I, Truquet, C. Le Baut & M.J. Pierre 1985. Dinophysis acuminata distrituion and toxicity along the southern Brittany coast (France): Correlation with hydrological parameters. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & G.D. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 159-164. Leadbeater and Dodge 1966 Leadbeater, B. & J.D. Dodge 1966. The fine structure of Woloszynskia micra sp. n., a new marine dinoflagellate. Brit. Phycol. Bull. 3: 1-17. Lebour 1925 Lebour, M.V. 1925. The Dinoflagellates of Northern Seas. Marine Biol. Assoc. U.K., Plymouth. 250 pp. Lee et al 1989 Lee, J.-S., T. Igarashi, S. Fraga, E. Dahl, P. Hovgaard & T. Yasumoto 1989. Determination of diarrhetic toxins in various dinoflagellate species. J. Appl. Phycol. 1: 147-152. Levasseur et al 1998 Levasseur, M., L. Berard-Therriault, E. Bonneau & S. Roy 1998. Distribution of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. In: Reguera, B., J. Blanco, M.L. Fernandez & T. Wyatt (eds.), Harmful Algae, Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Spain: 54-57. Lewis & Burton 1988 Lewis, J. & P. Burton 1988. A study of newly excysted cells of Gonyaulax polyedra (Dinophyceae) by electron microscopy. Br. Phycol. J. 23: 49-60. Lewitus et al 1995 Lewitus, A.J., R.V. Jesien, T.M. Kana, J.M. Burkholder & H.B. Glasgow, Jr. 1995. Discovery of the "phantom" dinoflagellate in Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries 18: 373-378. Lewitus et al 1999 Lewitus, A.J., H.B. Glasgow, Jr. & J.M. Burkholder 1999. Kleptoplastidy in the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol. 35: 303-312. Li et al 2000 Li, A., D.K. Stoecker & D.W. Coats 2000. Mixotrophy in Gyrodinium galatheanum (Dinophyceae): grazing responses to light intensity and inorganic nutrients. J. Phycol. 36: 33-45. Lindemann 1928 Lindemann, E. 1928. Neue Peridineen. Hedwigia 68: 291-296. Loeblich & Indelicato 1986 Loeblich, A.R., III & S.R. Indelicato 1986. Thecal analysis of the tropical benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus. Mar. Fish. Rev. 48: 38-43. Loeblich & Loeblich 1975 Loeblich, L.A. & A.R. Loeblich, III 1975. The organism causing New England red tides: Gonyaulax excavata. In: V.R. LoCicero (ed.), Proc. First Int. Conf. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Massachusetts Sci. Tech. Found., Wakefield: 207-224. Loeblich 1970 Loeblich, A.R. III 1970. The amphiesma or dinoflagellate cell covering. Proc. N. Am. Paleont. Conv. 1969. G: 867-929. Loeblich and Loeblich 1979 Loeblich III, A.R. & L.A. Loeblich 1979. The systematics of Gonyaulax with special reference to the toxic species. In: Taylor, D.L. & H.H. Seliger (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York: 41-46. Loeblich et al 1979 Loeblich, A.R., III, J.L. Sherley & R.J. Schmidt 1979b. The correct position of flagellar insertion in Prorocentrum and description of Prorocentrum rhathymum sp. nov. (Pyrrhophyta). J. Plankton Res. 1: 113-120. Loeblich III 1970 Loeblich, A.R. III 1970. The amphiesma or dinoflagellate cell covering. Proc. N. Am. Paleont. Conv. 1969. G: 867-929. Lohmann 1908 Lohmann, H. 1908. Untersuchungen zür Feststellung des vollstandigen Gehaltes des Meeres an Plankton. Wiss. Meeresunters. 10: 129-370. Lucas 1982 Lucas, I.A.N. 1982. Observations on Noctiluca scintillans Macartney (Ehrenb.) (Dinophyceae) with notes on an intracellular bacterium. J. Plank. Res. 4: 401-409. Macartney 1810 Macartney, J. 1810. Observations in luminous animals. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 1: 264-265. Mackenzie 1991 Mackenzie, L. 1991. Does Dinophysis (Dinophyceae) have a sex life? J. Phycol. 28: 399-406. Mackenzie et al 1996 Mackenzie, L., D. White, Y. Ohima & J. Kapa 1996. The resting cyst and toxicity of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) in New Zealand. Phycologia: 35: 148-155. Marasovic 1989 Marasovic, I. 1989. Encystment and excystment of Gonyaulax polyedra during a red tide. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 28: 35-41. Marasovic et al 1990 Marasovic, I., T. Pucher-Petkovic & V. Petrova-Karadjova 1990. Prorocentrum minimum (Dinophyceae) in the Adriatic and Black Sea. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 70: 473-476. Marasovic et al 1998 Marasovic, I., Z. Nincevic, S. Orhanovic & M. Pavela-Vrancid 1998. A survey of shellfish toxicity in the Central Adriatic Sea. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 78: 745-754. Marr et al 1992 Marr, J.C., A.E. Jackson & J.L. McLachlan 1992. Occurrence of Prorocentrum lima, a DSP toxin-producing species from the Atlantic coast of Canada. J. Appl. Phycol. 4: 17-24. Martin 1929 Martin, G.W. 1929. Dinoflagellates from marine and brackish waters of New Jersey. University of Iowa Studies in Natural History 12: 1-32. Masselin et al 1992 Masselin, P., P. Lassus & M. Bardouil 1992. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of diarrhetic toxins in Dinophysis spp. from the French coast. J. Appl. Phycol. 4: 385-389. Matzenauer 1933 Matzenauer, L. 1933. Die Dinoflagellaten des Indische Ozeans (Mit Ausnahme der Gattung Ceratium). Bot. Arch. 35: 437-510. McLachlan Boalch and Jahn 1997 McLachlan, J.L., G.T. Boalch & R. Jahn 1997. Reinstatement of the genus Exuviaella (Dinophyceae, Prorocentrophycidae) and an assessment of Prorocentrum lima. Phycologia 36: 38-46. Mee et al 1986 Mee, L.D., M. Espinosa & G. Diaz 1986. Paralytic shellfish poisoning with a Gymnodinium catenatum red tide on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Mar. Environ. Res. 19: 77-92. Meksumpun et al 1994 Meksumpun, S., S. Montani & M. Uematsu 1994. Elemental components of cyst walls of three marine phytoflagellates, Chattonella antiqua (Raphidophyceae), Alexandrium catenella and Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae). Phycologia 33: 275-280. Meunier 1919 Meunier, A. 1919. Mikroplankton de la Mer Flamande. III. Les Peridiniens. In: M. Hayez (ed.), Mem. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belgique Bruxelles, 8, Nr. 1. 116 pp. Michaelis 1830 Michaelis, G.A. 1830. Über das Leuchten der Ostsee nach eigenen Beobachtungen. Perthes & Besser, Hamburg: 52. Miyazono and Minoda 1990 Miyazono, A. & T. Minoda 1990. Regional distribution of dinoflagellate population off the coasts of Hokkaido in the Japan and Okhotsk Seas from spring to autumn, 1983. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jap. 46: 96-106. Moestrup & Hansen 1988 Moestrup, O. & P.J. Hansen 1988. On the occurrence of the potentially toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense (= Gonyaulax excavata) and A. ostenfeldii in Danish and Faroese waters. Ophelia 28: 195-213. Moita & Sampayo 1993 Moita, M.T. & M.A. de M. Sampayo 1993. Are there cysts in the genus Dinophysis? In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 153-157. Moita and Sampayo 1993 Moita, M.T. & M.A. de M. Sampayo 1993. Are there cysts in the genus Dinophysis? In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 153-157. Montresor 1995 Montresor, M. 1995. The life history of Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax (Gonyaulacales, Dinphyceae). Phycologia 34: 444-448. Montresor et al 1990 Montresor, M., D. Marino, A. Zingone & G. Dafnis 1990. Three Alexandrium species from coastal Tyrrhenian waters. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundstrom, L. Edler & D. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 82-87. Montresor et al 1993 Montresor, M., A. Zingone & D. Marino 1993. The paratabulate resting cyst of Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax (Dinophyceae). In: Smayda, T. & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 159-164. Morse 1947 Morse, D.C. 1947. Some observations on seasonal variations in plankton populations, Patuxent River, Maryland, 1943-1945. Chesapeake Biol. Lab., Publ. No. 65: 1-31. Mortensen 1985 Mortensen, A.M. 1985. Massive fish mortalities in the Faroe Islands caused by a Gonyaulax excavata red tide. In: Anderson, D.M., A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 165-170. Morton & Faust 1997 Morton, S.L. & M.A. Faust 1997. Survey of toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates from the Belizean barrier reef ecosystem. Bull. Mar. Sci. 61: 899-906. Morton 1998 Morton, S.L. 1998. Morphology and toxicology of Prorocentrum faustiae sp. nov., a toxic species of non-planktonic dinoflagellate from Heron Island, Australia. Bot. Mar. 41: 565-569. Morton et al 1998 Morton, S.L., P.D.R. Moeller, K.A. Young & B. Lanoue 1998. Okadaic acid production from the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum belizeanum isolated from the Belizean coral reef ecosystems. Toxicon 36: 201-206. Morton SL pers com 1998 Morton SL, personal communication, 1998 Murakami et al 1982 Murakami, Y., Y. Oshima & T. Yasumoto 1982. Identification of okadaic acid as a toxic component of a marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 48: 69-72. Murakami et al 1988 Murakami, M., K. Makabe, K. Yamaguchi, S. Konosu & M.R. Walchli 1988. Goniodomin A, a novel polyether macrolide from the dinoflagellate Goniodoma pseudogoniaulax. Tetrahed. Lett. 29: 1149-1152. Murata et al 1990 Murata, M., M. Shimatini, H. Sugitani, Y. Oshima & T. Yasumoto 1982. Isolation and structural elucidation of the causative toxin of the diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 48: 549-552. Murray & Whitting 1900 Murray, G. & F. Whitting 1900. New Peridiniaceae from the Atlantic. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 2 Ser. Bot. 5: 321-342. Nakajima et al 1981 Nakajima, I., Y. Oshima & T. Yasumoto 1981. Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates in Okinawa. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 47: 1029-1033. Nakamura et al 1982 Nakamura, Y., M. Watanabe & M. Watanabe 1982. The effect of various environmental factors on the growth yield of red tide algae. III. Gymnodinium splendens. Res. Rep. Natl. Inst. Environ. Stud. 30: 87-93. Nakazima 1965 Nakazima, M. 1965. Studies on the source of shellfish poison in Lake Hamana. I. Relation of the abundance of a species of dinoflagellate Prorocentrum sp. to shellfish toxicity. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 31: 198-203. Nakazima 1968 Nakazima, M. 1968. Studies on the source of shellfish poison in Lake Hamana-IV. Identification and collection of the noxious dinoflagellate. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 34: 130-132. Nezan et al 1989 Nezan, E., C. Belin, P. Lassus, G. Piclet & J.P. Berthome 1989. Alexandrium minutum: first PSP species occurrence in France. In: Fourth International Conference on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton: Abstracts, Lund, Sweden: 111. Nichetto et al 1995 Nichetto, P., G. Honsell & G. Bressan 1995. First survey of dinoflagellate cysts in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea). In: Lassus, P., G. Arzul, E. Erard, P. Gentien & C. Marcaillou (eds.), Harmful Marine Algal Blooms, Lavoisier Pub., Paris: 205-211. Nielsen & Stromgren 1991 Nielsen, M.V. & T. Stromgren 1991. Shell growth response of mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to toxic microalgae. Mar. Biol. 108: 263-267. Nielsen 1993 Nielsen, M.V. 1993. Toxic effect of the marine dinoflagellate Gymnodinium galatheanum on juvenile cod Gadus morhua. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 95: 273-277. Nishikawa 1901 Nishikawa, T. 1901. Gonyaulax (polygramma) and the discolored water in the Bay of Agu. Ann. Zool. Jap., Pt. 1 IV: 31-34. Nishitani & Chew 1988 Nishitani, L. & K. Chew 1988. PSP toxins in the Pacific coast states: monitoring programs and effects on bivalve industries. J. Shell. Res. 7: 653-669. Noga et al 1996 Noga, E.J., L. Khoo, J.B. Stevens, Z. Fan & J.M. Burkholder 1996. Novel toxic dinoflagellate causes epidemic disease in estuarine fish. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 32: 219-224. Norris Bomber and Balech 1985 Norris, D.R., J.W. Bomber & E. Balech 1985. Benthic dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera from the Florida Keys. I. Ostreopsis heptagona sp. nov. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagelates, Elsevier Science Publ. Co., New York: 39-44. Norris et al 1985 Norris, D.R., J.W. Bomber & E. Balech 1985. Benthic dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera from the Florida Keys. I. Ostreopsis heptagona sp. nov. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagelates, Elsevier Science Publ. Co., New York: 39-44. Numann 1957 Numann, W. 1957. Naturliche and künstiche 'red waters' mit anschliessenden Fischsterben im Meer. Arch. Fischereiwissensch. 8: 204-209. Oda 1935 Oda, M. 1935. Gymnodinium mikimotoi Miyake et Kominami n. sp. (MS) and the influence of copper sulfate on the red tide. Zool. Mag. 47: 35-48. Ogata and Kodama 1986 Ogata, T. & M. Kodama 1986. Ichthyotoxicity found in cultured media of Protogonyaulax spp. Mar. Biol. 92: 31-34. Ogata et al 1982 Ogata, T., M. Kodama, Y. Fukuyo, T. Inoue, H. Kamiya, F. Matsuura, K. Sekiguchi & S. Watanabe 1982. The occurrence of Protogonyaulax spp. in Ofunato Bay, in association with the toxification of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish.48: 563-566. Okaichi & Imatomi 1979 Okaichi, T. & Y. Imatomi 1979. Toxicity of Prorocentrum minimum var. mariae-lebouriae assumed to be a causative agent of short-necked clam poisoning. In: D.L. Taylor & H.H. Seliger (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York: 385-388. Okaichi & Nishio 1976 Okaichi, T. & S. Nishio 1976. Identification of ammonia as the toxic principle of red tide of Noctiluca miliaris. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 23: 75-80. Okaichi 1967 Okaichi, T. 1967. Red tides found in and around the Seto Inland Sea in 1965. Tech. Bull. Fac. Agricul. Kagawa Univ. 15: 181-185. Onoue & Nozawa 1989 Onoue, T. & K. Nozawa 1989. Separation of toxins from harmful red tides occurring along the coast of Kagoshima Prefecture. In: T. Okaichi, D.M. Anderson & T. Nemoto (eds.), Red Tides: Biology, Environmental Science and Toxicology, Elsevier, New York: 371-374. Onoue et al 1980 Onoue, Y., T. Noguchi & K. Hashimoto 1980. Studies on paralytic shellfish poison from the oyster cultured in Senzaki Bay, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 46: 1031-1034. Onoue et al 1981a Onoue, Y., T. Noguchi, J. Maruyama, Y. Uneda, K. Hashimoto & T. Ikeda 1981a. Comparison of PSP compositions between toxic oysters and Protogonyaulax catenella from Senzaki Bay, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 47: 1347-1350. Onoue et al 1981b Onoue, Y., T. Noguchi, J. Maruyama, K. Hasimoto & T. Ikeda 1981b. New toxins separated from oysters and Protogonyaulax catenella from Senzaki Bay, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 47: 1643. Onoue et al 1985 Onoue, Y., K. Nozawa, K. Kumanda, K. Takeda & T. Aramaaki 1985. Occurrence of a toxic dinoflagellate, "Gymnodinium-type 84K,' in Kagoshima Bay. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 51: 1567. Osaka & Takabayashi 1985 Osaka, K. & N. Takabayashi 1985. Annual change in distribution of the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis fortii along the coast of northern Japan. Bull. Mar. Sci. 37: 773 (abstract). Oshima et al 1977 Oshima, Y., L.J. Buckley, M. Alam & Y. Shimizu 1977. Heterogeneity of paralytic shellfish poisons. Three new toxins from cultured Gonyaulax tamarensis cells, Mya arenaria and Saxidomus giganteus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 57C: 31-34. Oshima et al 198 Oshima, Y., T. Yasumoto, M. Kodama, T. Ogata, Y. Fukuyo & F. Matsuura 1982. Features of paralytic shellfish poison occurring in Tohoku District. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 48: 525-530. P Tester pers comm P Tester, personal communication Parke & Ballantine 1957 Park, M. & D. Ballantine 1957. A new marine dinoflagellate: Exuviaella mariae-lebouriae sp. nov. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 36: 643-650. Parke 1976 Parke, M. & Dodge, J.D. (1976). Dinophyceae. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K.: 56. Parke and Ballantine 1957 Park, M. & D. Ballantine 1957. A new marine dinoflagellate: Exuviaella mariae-lebouriae sp. nov. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 36: 643-650. Partensky et al 1988 Partensky, F., D. Baulot, A. Coutè & A. Sournia 1988. Morphological and nuclear analysis of the bloom-forming dinoflagellates Gyrodinium cf. aureolum and Gymnodinium nagasakiense. J. Phycol. 24: 403-415. Paulsen 1904 Paulsen, O. 1904. Plankton-investigations in the waters around Iceland in 1903. Medd. Kommn. Havunders. Kcbenh. Ser. Plankton 1: 1-40. Paulsen 1949 Paulsen, O. 1949. Observations on dinoflagellates. Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskab. Biol. Skr. 6: 1-67. Pavillard 1909 Pavillard J. (1909). Sur les péridiniens du Golfe du Lion. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, série 4 9: 277-284, 5 figs. Pavillard 1916 Pavillard, J. (1916). Recherches sur les Diatomées Pélagiques du Golfe du Lion. Travail de l'Institut de botanique de l'Université de Montpellier et de la station zoologique de Cette, Série mixte, Mémoire 5: 1-62, 2 pls. Pavillard 1923 Pavillard, J. (1924 '1923'). A propos de la systématiquce des Péridiniens. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 70: 876-882, 2 figs. Pieterse & Van Der Post 1967 Pieterse, F. & D.C. Van Der Post 1967. Le dinoflagelle Gyrodinium cf. aureolum dans le plancton de l'Atlantique Nord: identification, ecologie, toxicite. Cryptogram Algol. 7: 251-275. Pinto & Silva 1956 Pinto, J.S. & E.S. Silva 1956. The toxicity of Cardium edule L. and its possible relation to the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans Ehr. Notas Est. Inst. Biol. Mar. 12: 1-20. Prakash & Taylor 1966 A. Prakash, F. J. R. Taylor. 1966. A "Red Water" Bloom of Gonyaulax acatenella in the Strait of Georgia and its Relation to Paralytic Shellfish Toxicity. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 1966, Vol. 23, No. 8 : pp. 1265-1270. https://doi.org/10.1139/f66-115 Quod 1994 Quod, J.P. 1994. Ostreopsis mascarenensis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), dinoflagelles toxiques associes a la ciguatera dans l'Ocean Indien. Rev. Cryptogamie, Algol. 15: 243-251. Quod 1996 pers com Quod 1996, personal communication Ray & Aldrich 1967 Ray, S.M. & D.V. Aldrich 1967. Ecological interactions of toxic dinoflagellates and molluscs in the Gulf of Mexico. In: Russell, F.E. & P.R. Saunders (eds.), Animal Toxins, First International Symposium on Animal Toxins, Pergamon Press, New York: 75-83. Reguera et al 1990 Reguera, B., I. Bravo & S. Fraga 1990. Distribution of Dinophysis acuta at the time of a DSP outbreak in the rias of Pontevedra and Vigo (Galicia, NW Spain). ICES CM 1990/L: 14. Reyes-Vasquez et al 1979 Reyes-Vasquez, G., E. Ferraz-Reyes & E. Vasquez 1979. Toxic dinoflagellate blooms in northeastern Venezuela during 1977. In: D.L. Taylor & H.H. Seliger (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York: 191-194. Rhodes & Thomas 1997 Rhodes, L.L. & A.E. Thomas 1997. Coolia monotis (Dinophyceae): a toxic epiphytic microalgal species found in New Zealand (Note). NZ J. Mar. Fresh. Res. 31: 139-141. Robinson & Brown 1983 Robinson, M.G.& L.N. Brown 1983. A recurrent red tide in a British Columbian coastal lagoon. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40: 2135-2143. Robinson and Brown 1983 Robinson, M.G.& L.N. Brown 1983. A recurrent red tide in a British Columbian coastal lagoon. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40: 2135-2143. Sampayo et al 1990 Sampayo, M.A. de M., P. Alvito, S. Franca & I. Sousa 1990. Dinophysis spp. toxicity and relation to accompanying species. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundstrom, L. Edler & D.M. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 215-220. Saville-Kent 1881 Saville-Kent 1881. A Manual of the Infusoira. D. Bogue, London. Schiller 1933 Schiller, J. 1933. Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae). In: R. Kolkwitz (ed.), Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz, 2nd ed., Sect. III, Pt. I, Academische Verlagsgellschaft, Leipzig: 1-617. Schiller 1937 Schiller, J. 1937. Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae) In: L. Rabenhorst (ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora of Deutschland, Vol. 2, Academische Verlag, Leipzig. 590 pp. Schmidt 1902 Schmidt, J. 1902. Flora of Koh Chang. Contribution to the knowledge of the vegetation in the Gulf of Siam. Part IV. Peridiniales. J. Botanique 23: 212-218. Schmitter 1971 Schmitter, R.E. 1971. The fine structure of Gonyaulax polyedra, a bioluminescent marine dinoflagellate. J. Cell Sci. 9: 147-173. Schnepf & Deichgraber 1983 Schnepf, E. & G. Deichgraber 1983. 'Myzocytosis', a kind of endocytosis with implications to compartmentation in endosymbiosis. Observations in Paulsenella (Dinophyta). Naturwiss. 71: 218-219. Schnepf & DeichgrAbèr 1983 Schnepf, E. & G. Deichgraber 1983. 'Myzocytosis', a kind of endocytosis with implications to compartmentation in endosymbiosis. Observations in Paulsenella (Dinophyta). Naturwiss. 71: 218-219. Schnepf & Elbrächter 1992 Schnepf, E. & M. Elbrächter 1992. Nutritional strategies in dinoflagellates. A review with emphasis on cell biological aspects. Eur. J. Protistol. 28: 3-24. Schnepf et al 1989 Schnepf, E., W. Winter & D. Mollenhauer 1989. Gymnodinium aeruginosum (Dinophyta): A blue-green dinoflagellate with a vestigial, cryptophycean symbiont. Plant Syst. Evol. 164: 75-91. Schröder 1906 Schröder, B. 1906. Beitrage zür Kenntnis des Phytoplanktons warmer Meere. Vierteljahr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 51: 319-377. Schütt 1895 Schütt, F. 1895. Die Peridineen der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung. 4: 1-170. Seki et al 1996 Seki, T., M. Satake, T. Yasumoto, L. Mackenzie, & H.F. Kaspar 1996. Gymnodimine, a novel toxic imine isolated from the Foveaux Strait oysters and Gymnodinium sp. In: T. Yasumoto, Y. Oshima & Y. Fukuyo (eds.), Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms, IOC UNESCO 1996, Sendai Kyodo Printing, Japan: 495-498. Sharpe 1981 Sharpe, C.A. 1981. Paralytic shellfish poison, California- Summer 1980. State of California Dept. Health Services-Sanitary Engineering Section. Sherley and Schmidt 1979 Loeblich, A.R., III, Sherley, J.L. & Schmidt, R.J. (1979). The correct position of flagellar insertion in Prorocentrum rhathymum sp. nov. (Pyrrophyta). Journal of Plankton Research 1: 113-120. Shimizu 1987 Shimizu, Y. 1987. Dinoflagellate toxins. In: F.J.R. Taylor (ed.), The Biology of Dinoflagellates (Botanical monographs; v. 21), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston: 282-315. Shimizu et al 1975 Shimizu, Y., M. Alam, Y. Oshima & W.E. Fallon 1975. Presence of four toxins in red tide infested clams and cultured Gonyaulax tamarensis cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 66: 731-737. Shimizu et al 1982 Shimizu, Y., H. Shimizu, P.J. Scheuer, Y. Hokama, M. Oyama & J.T. Miyahara 1982. Gambierdiscus toxicus, a ciguatera-causing dinoflagellate from Hawaii. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 48: 811-813. Silva 1952 Silva, E.S. 1952. Estudios de plancton na Lagoa de Obidos. I. Diatomaceas e dinoflagelados. Rev. Fac. Cienc. Lisboa, Ser. 2, C, 2: 5-44. Silva 1956 Silva, E.S. 1956. 'Red water' por Exuviaella baltica Lohm. com simultanea mortandade de peixes nas aguas litorais de Angola. Trab. Missao Biol. Mar. (Lisboa) 4: 73-84. Silva 1962 Silva, E.S. 1962. Some observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures. Not. E. Estud. Instit. Biol. Marit. 26: 1-26. Silva 1963 Silva, E.S. 1963. Les 'Red waters' a la lagune d'Obidos. Ses causes probables et ses rapports avec la toxicite des bivalves. Notas Est. Inst. Biol. Mar. (Lisboa) 27: 265-275. Smayda 1992 Smayda, T.J. 1992. Global epidemic of noxious phytoplankton blooms and food chain consequences in large ecosystems. In: K. Sherman, L.M. Alexander & B.D. Gold (eds.). Food chains, models and management of large marine ecosystems. Westview Press, San Francisco: 275-307. Smith 1975 Smith, G.B. 1975. Phytoplankton blooms and reef kills in the mid-eastern Gulf of Mexico. Fla. Mar. Res. Publ. 8: 8. Solum 1962 Solum, I. 1962. The taxonomy of Dinophysis populations in Norwegian waters in view of biometric observations. Nytt Mag. Botanikk 10: 5-33. Sournia 1986 Sournia, A. 1986. Atlas du Phytoplancton Marin. Introduction, Cyanophycees, Dictyochophycees, Dinophycees et Raphidophycees. 1. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris. 219 pp. Steemann Nielsen & Aabye Jensen 1957 Steemann Nielsen, E. & E. Aabye Jensen 1957. Primary oceanic production. The autotrophic production of organic matter in the oceans. Galathea Rep. 1: 49-136. Steidinger & Joyce 1973 Steidinger, K.A. & E.A. Joyce, Jr. 1973. Florida Red Tides. State of Florida Department of Natural Resources, Educational Ser. No. 17: 1-26. Steidinger & Tangen 1985 Steidinger, K.A. & K. Tangen 1985. Taxonomy and systematics. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & G.D. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 534-537. Steidinger & Tangen 1996 Steidinger, K.A. & K. Tangen 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.), Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates, Academic Press, New York: 387-598. Steidinger & Williams 1970 Steidinger, K.A. & J. Williams 1970. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises. Dinoflagellates. Publs. Mar. Res. Lab. Fla. 2: 1-251. Steidinger 1968 Steidinger, K.A. 1968. The genus Gonyaulax in Florida waters, 1. Morphology and thecal development in Gonyaulax polygramma Stein, 1883. Fla. Bd. Conserv. Mar. Lab. Leaf. Ser. 1. Phytoplankton, pt. 1, No. 4: 1-5. Steidinger 1975 Steidinger, K.A. 1975. Implications of dinoflagellate life cycles on initiation of Gymnodinium breve red tides. Environ. Lett. 9: 129-139. Steidinger 1979 Steidinger, K.A. 1979. Collection, enumeration and identification of free-living marine dinoflagellate. In: D.L. Taylor & H.H. Seliger (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York: 435-442. Steidinger 1983 Steidinger, K.A. 1983. A re-evaluation of toxic dinoflagellate biology and ecology. Prog. Phycol. Res. 2: 147-188. Steidinger Burkholder Glasgow Hobbs Garrett Truby Noga and Smith 1996 Steidinger, K.A., J.M. Burkholder, H.B. Glasgow, Jr., C.W. Hobbs, J.K. Garrett, E.W. Truby, E.J. Noga & S.A. Smith 1996. Pfiesteria piscicida gen. et sp. nov. (Pfiesteriaceae fam. nov.), a new toxic dinoflagellate with a complex life cycle and behavior. J. Phycol. 32: 157-164. Steidinger et al 1973 Steidinger, K.A., Burklew, M.A. & R.M. Ingle 1973. The effects of Gymnodinium breve toxin on estuarine animals. In: D.F. Martine & G.M. Padilla (eds.), Dinoflagellates, Academic Press, Orlando: 201-261. Steidinger et al 1978 Steidinger, K.A., E.W. Truby & C.J. Dawes 1978. Ultrastructure of the red tide dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve. I. General description. J. Phycol. 14: 72-79. Steidinger et al 1996 Steidinger, K.A., J.M. Burkholder, H.B. Glasgow, Jr., C.W. Hobbs, J.K. Garrett, E.W. Truby, E.J. Noga & S.A. Smith 1996. Pfiesteria piscicida gen. et sp. nov. (Pfiesteriaceae fam. nov.), a new toxic dinoflagellate with a complex life cycle and behavior. J. Phycol. 32: 157-164. Steidinger et al 1998 Steidinger, K.A., J.H. Landsberg, E.W. Truby & B.S. Roberts 1998. First report of Gymnodinium pulchellum (Dinophyceae) in North America and associated fish kills in the Indian River, Florida. J. Phycol. 34: 431-437. Steidinger Tangen 1996 Steidinger, K.A. & K. Tangen 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.), Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates, Academic Press, New York: 387-598. Stein 1883 Stein, F. 1883. Der Organismus der Infusionstiere. III. Abt. Der Organismus der Arthrodelen Flagellaten. Einleitung und Erklarung der Abbildungen. W. Engelmann, Leipzig: 4. Stoecker 1991 Stoecker, D.K. 1991. Mixotrophy in marine planktonic ciliates: Physiological and ecological aspects of plastid retention by oligotrichs. In: P.C. Reid, C.M. Turley & P.H. Burkill (eds.), Protozoa and their role in marine processes, NATO ASI series, Ser. G: Ecological Sciences, Vol. 25, Springer-Verlag, Berlin: 161-180. Stoecker et al 1997 Stoecker, D.K., A. Li, D.W. Coats, D.E. Gustafson & M.K. Nannen 1997. Mixotrophy in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 152: 1-12. Suriray 1836 Suriray 1836. Recherches sur la cause ordinaire de la phosphorescence marine et description du Noctiluca miliaris. Mag. Zool. 6: 1-16. Sweeney 1978 Sweeney, B.M. 1978. Ultrastructure of Noctiluca miliaris (Pyrrophyta) with green symbionts. J. Phycol. 14: 116-120. Swinker et al 2001 Swinker, M., Koltia, J., Wilkins, K., Hudnell, K., Hall, C., Darcey, D., Robertson, K., Schmechel, D., Stopford, W. and S. Music. 2001. Estuary-associated syndrome in North Carolina: An occupational prevalence study. Environ. Health Prospect. 109:21-26. Tafall 1942 Tafall, B.F.O. 1942. Notas sobre algunos dinoflagelados planctonicos marions de Mexico, con descripcion de nuevas especies. Anales de la E.N. de Ciencias Biologicas 2: 435-447. Takayama & Adachi 1984 Takayama and Adachi 1984. Gymnodinium nagasakiense sp. nov., a red-tide forming dinophyte in the adjacent waters of Japan. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 31: 7-14. Takayama 1985 Takayama, H. 1985. Apical grooves of unarmored dinoflagellates. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 32: 129-137. Takayama and Adachi 1984 Takayama and Adachi 1984. Gymnodinium nagasakiense sp. nov., a red-tide forming dinophyte in the adjacent waters of Japan. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 31: 7-14. Takayama et al 1998 Takayama, H., K. Matsuoka & Y. Fukuyo 1998. A taxonomic study on Gyrodinium aureolum Hulburt (Dinophyceae) from the morphological viewpoint based on material collected in Japanese coastal waters. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 45: 9-19. Tamiyavanich et al 1985 Tamiyavanich, S., M. Kodama & Y. Fukuyo 1985. The occurrence of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Thailand. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 521-524. Tangen 1980 Tangen, K. 1980. Brunt vann i Oslofjorden i september 1979, forarsaket av den toksiske Prorocentrum minimum og ander dinoflagellater. Blyttia 38: 145-158. Tangen 1983 Tangen, K. 1983. Shellfish poisoning and the occurrence of potentially toxic dinoflagellates in Norwegian waters. Sarsia 68: 1-7. Tangen 1996 Steidinger, K.A. and K. Tangen 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: C.R. Tomas (ed), Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates, Academic Press, New York: 387-598. Taylor & Haigh 1993 Taylor, F.J.R. & R. Haigh 1993. The ecology of fish-killing blooms of the chloromonad flagellate Heterosigma in the Strait of Georgia and adjacent waters. In: Smayda, T.J. & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 705-710. Taylor & Seliger 1979 Taylor, D.L. & H.H. Seliger 1979. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier / North Holland, New York. 505 pp. Taylor 1976 Taylor, F.J.R. 1976. Dinoflagellates from the International Indian Ocean Expedition. A report on material collected by the R.V. "Anton Bruun" 1963-1964. Bibl. Bot. 132. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. 234 pp., pls. 46. Taylor 1979 Taylor, D.L. & H.H. Seliger 1979. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier / North Holland, New York. 505 pp. Taylor 1980 Taylor, F.J.R. 1980. On dinoflagellate evolution. BioSystems 13: 65-108. Taylor et al 1995 Taylor, F.J.R., Y. Fukuyo & J. Larsen 1995. Taxonomy of harmful dinoflagellates. In: G.M. Hallegraeff, D.M. Anderson & A.D. Cembella (eds.), Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae, IOC Manuals and Guides No. 33. UNESCO, France: 283-317. Ten-Hage et al 2000 Ten-Hage, L., N. Delaunay, V. Pichon, A. Coute, S. Puiseux-Dao & J. Turquet 2000. Okadaic acid production from the marine benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum arenarium Faust (Dinophyceae) isolated from Europa Island coral reef ecosystem (SW Indian Ocean). Toxicon 38: 1043-1054. Terao et al 1989 Terao, K., E. Ito, M. Murakami & K. Yamaguchi 1989. Histopathological studies on experimental marine toxin poisoning-III. Morphological changes in the liver and thymus of male ICR mice induced by goniodomin A, isolated from the dinoflagellate Goniodoma pseudogoniaulax. Toxicon 27: 269-271. Terao et al 1990 Terao, K., E. Ito, T. Yasumoto & K. Yamaguchi 1990. Enterotoxic, hepatotoxic and immunotoxic effects of dinoflagellate toxins on mice. In: Graneli, E., B. Sundstrom, L. Edler & D.M. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 418-423. Tester P pers comm Tester P., personal communication Tindall et al 1984 Tindall, D.R., R.W. Dickey, R.D. Carlson & G. Morey-Gaines 1984. Ciguatoxigenic dinoflagellates from the Caribbean Sea. In: E.P. Ragelis (ed.), Seafood Toxins. Am. Chem. Soc. Symposium Ser., Washington, D.C. No. 262: 225-240. Tindall et al 1989 Tindall, D.R., D.M. Miller & J.W. Bomber 1989. Culture and toxicity of dinoflagellates from ciguatera endemic regions of the world. Toxicon 27: 83 (abstract). Tindall et al 1990 Tindall, D.R., D.M. Miller & P.M. Tindall 1990. Toxicity of Ostreopsis lenticularis from the British and United States Virgin Islands. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundstrom, L. Edler & D.M. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 424-429. Tognetto et al 1995 Tognetto, L., S. Bellato, I. Moro & C. Andreoli. 1995. Occurrence of Ostreopsis ovata (Dinophyceae) in the Tyrrhenian Sea during summer 1994. Bot. Mar. 38: 291-295. Tolomio & Cavolo 1985b Tolomio, C. & F. Cavolo 1985b. Presenza di Coolia monotis Meunier (Dinophyceae, Perediniales) nelle acque della Laguna di Venezia. Oebalia 11: 849-852. Torigoe et al 1988 Torigoe, K., M. Murata & T. Yasumoto 1988. Prorocentrolide, a toxic nitrogenous macrocycle from a marine dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110: 7876-7877. Toriumi 1980 Toriumi, S. 1980. Prorocentrum species (Dinophyceae) causing red tide in Japanese coastal waters. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jap. 27: 105-112. Turpin et al 1978 Turpin, D.H., P.E.R. Dobell & F.J.R. Taylor 1978. Sexuality and cyst formation in Pacific strains of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis. J. Phycol. 14: 235-238. Uchida 1977 Uchida, T. 1977. Excretion of a diatom inhibitory substance by Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg. Jap. J. Ecol. 27: 1-4. Underdahl et al 1985 Underdahl, B., M. Yndestad & T. Aune 1985. DSP intoxication in Norway and Sweden, autumn 1984-spring 1985. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 489-494. Usami et al 1995 Usami, M., M. Satake, S. Ishida, A. Inoue, Y. Kan & T. Yasumoto 1995. Palytoxin analogs from the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis siamensis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117: 5389-5390. Voltolina 1993 Voltolina, D. 1993. The origin of recurrent blooms of Gymnodinium sanguineum Hirasaka in a shallow coastal lagoon. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 168: 217-222. von Stosch 1980 von Stosch, H.A. 1980. The structure of the so-called pore-plates in two members of the Prorocentrales (Dinophyta) and what it implies. In: T.D. Desikachary (ed.), Taxonomy of Algae, University of Madras, Madras: 139-145, pl. 1. Walker & Steidinger 1979 Walker, L.M. & K.A. Steidinger 1979. Sexual reproduction in the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax monilata. J. Phycol. 15: 312-315. Walker 1982 Walker, L.M. 1982. Evidence for a sexual cycle in the Florida red tide dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis (=Gymnodinium breve). Bioscience 32: 809-810. Wardle et al 1975 Wardle, W.J., S.M. Ray & A.S. Aldrich 1975. Mortality of marine organisms associated with offshore summer blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax monilata Howell at Galveston, Texas. In: LoCicero, V.R. (ed.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, The Mass. Sci. Technol. Found., MA: 257-263. Whedon & Kofoid 1936 Whedon, W.F. & C.A. Kofoid 1936. Dinoflagellata of the San Diego region. I. On the skeletal morphology of two new species, Gonyaulax catenella and G. acatenella. Univ. Calf. Publ. Zool. 41: 25-31. Whedon and Kofoid 1936 Whedon, W.F. & C.A. Kofoid 1936. Dinoflagellata of the San Diego region. I. On the skeletal morphology of two new species, Gonyaulax catenella and G. acatenella. Univ. Calf. Publ. Zool. 41: 25-31. White 1980 White, A.W. 1980. Recurrence of kills of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) caused by\ndinoflagellate toxins transferred through herbivorous zooplankton. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 2262-\n65. Williams & Ingle 1972 Williams, J. & R.M. Ingle 1972. Ecological notes on Gonyaulax monilata (Dinophyceae). Blooms along the west coast of Florida. Fla. Dep. Nat. Res. Mar. Res. Lab. Leaflet Ser. 1: 1-12. Woloszynska & Conrad 1939 Woloszynska, J. & W. Conrad 1939. Pyrodinium phoneus n. sp., agent de la toxicite des moules du canal maritime de Bruges a Zeebruge. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg. 15: 1-5. Woloszynska and Conrad 1939 Woloszynska, J. & W. Conrad 1939. Pyrodinium phoneus n. sp., agent de la toxicite des moules du canal maritime de Bruges a Zeebruge. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg. 15: 1-5. Wood 1954 Wood, E.J.F. 1954. Dinoflagellates in the Australian region. Austr. J. Mar. Fresh. Res. 5: 1-351. Wood 1963 Wood, E.J.F. 1963. Dinoflagellates in the Australian region. II. Recent collections. CSIRO, Aust. Div. Fish. Oceanogr. Techn. Paper 14, 55 pp. Yamaguchi & Honjo 1990 Yamaguchi, M. & T. Honjo 1990. Phased cell division in the noxious red tide flagellate Gymnodinium nagasakiense (Dinophyceae) and application of the frequency of dividing cells technique for the determination of growth rate. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 37: 3-18. Yasumoto 1990 Yasumoto, T. 1990. Marine microorganisms toxins - an overview. In: E. Graneli, B. Sundstrom, L. Edler & D.M. Anderson (eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Elsevier, New York: 3-8. Yasumoto et al 1977 Yasumoto, T., I. Nakijama, R. Bagnis & R. Adachi 1977. Finding of a dinoflagellate as a likely culprit of ciguatera. Bull. Jap. Soc. Fish. 43: 1021-1026. Yasumoto et al 1987 Yasumoto, T., N. Seino, Y. Murakami & M. Murata. 1987. Toxins produced by benthic dinoflagellates. Biol. Bull. 172: 128-131. Yasumoto et al 1993 Yasumoto, T. 1993. A turning point in ciguatera study. In: T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu (eds.), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 455-461. Yentsch et al 1978 Yentsch, C.M., B. Dale & J.W. Hurst 1978. Coexistence of toxic and nontoxic dinoflagellates resembling Gonyaulax tamarensis in New England coastal waters (NW Atlantic). J. Phycol. 14: 330. Yokoyama et al 1988 Yokoyama, A., M. Murata, Y. Oshima, T. Iwahita & T. Yasumoto 1988. Some chemical properties of maitotoxin: a putative calcium channel agonist isolated from a marine dinoflagellate. J. Biochem. 104: 184-187. Yoshimatsu 1981 Yoshimatsu, S. 1981. Sexual reproduction of Protogonyaulax catenella in culture I. Heterothallism. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 28: 131-139. Yuki & Fukuyo 1992 Yuki, K. & Y. Fukuyo 1992. Alexandrium satoanum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) from Matoya Bay, Central Japan. J. Phycol. 28: 395-399. Zhou & Fritz 1996 Zhou, J. & L. Fritz 1996. Ultrastructure of two toxic marine dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum lima and Prorocentrum maculosum. Phycologia 32: 444-450. Zingmark 1970 Zingmark, R.G. 1970. Sexual reproduction in the dinoflagellate Noctiluca miliaris Suriray. J. Phycol. 6: 122-126. Zingone et al 199 Zingone, A., M. Montresor & D. Marino 1998. Morphological variability of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis sacculus (Dinophyceae) and its taxonomic relationships with D. pavillardii and D. acuminata. Eur. J. Phycol. 33: 259-273. Zingone et al 1998 Zingone, A., M. Montresor & D. Marino 1998. Morphological variability of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis sacculus (Dinophyceae) and its taxonomic relationships with D. pavillardii and D. acuminata. Eur. J. Phycol. 33: 259-273. Zotter 1979 Zotter, J. 1979. Exuviaella baltica: a bloom organism of the Galveston Bay system. In: D.L. Taylor & H.H. Seliger (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York: 195-198. Yasumoto et al 1980a Yasumoto, T., Y. Oshima, W. Sugawara, Y. Fukuyo, H. Oguri, T. Igarashi & H. Fujita 1980b. Identification of Dinophysis fortii as the causative organism of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 46: 1405-1411. Yasumoto et al 1980b Yasumoto, T., Y. Oshima, Y. Murakami, I. Nakajima, R. Bagnis & Y. Fukuyo 1980a. Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates in a coral reef. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 46: 327-331. Wall 1967a Wall, D. 1967. Fossil microplankton from the Caribbean Sea. Palaeontology 10: 109-110. Wall 1967b Wall, D. 1967. The resting cysts of modern marine dinoflagellates and their palaeontological significance. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2: 349-354.