"Plants cartilaginous, rigid; branching pseudodichotomous, sparse to abundant; apices straight, apical cells protruding or embedded within the apex; 2.0-4.0 cm high, 70-170 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced, compact, distinct and separated at the tips, obconic, becoming indistinct and confluent at the middle and basal parts. Internode 120-280 µm long. Pericentral cells spherical or ovoid, 2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of short-cylindrical or barrel-shaped cells. Primary fascicles densely arranged, curved, 3-6(-8) cell-storeys; proximal and distal cells short-cylindrical to barrel-shaped, L/D 1-2; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious or dioecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on secondary, less often on primary fascicles, 4.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches on pericentral cells, composed of 4-10 cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 25-35 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical to club-shaped, unstalked to shortly stalked, 4.0-6.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 100-370 µm in diameter, 70-170 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 5-8 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical to barrel-shaped; carposporangia spherical or sub-spherical, less often obovoid, 10.0-15.0 µm long, 7.0-15.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Kumano, S. 1978. Notes on the freshwater red algae from West Malaysia. Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 91: 97-107.
2010-11-2 13:13:12 2013-03-19 15:15:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:51:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:605 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Malaysia
Distribution: Asia: Malaysia; South America: Brazil
Information about Kumanoa gibberosa on Algaebase.
2010-11-2 13:13:12 2013-03-19 15:15:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:12:tid_chapter:261 batrach:tid:589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Description Description2010-10-9 19:19:11 2013-03-18 16:16:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:12:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology
"Plants moderately mucilaginous, rigid; branching pseudodichotomous and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 2.0-6.0 cm high, 190-450 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconical or barrel-shaped, compressed and indistinct in older parts. Internode 150-350 µm long. Pericentral cells spherical with 1-2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles audouinelloid, curved, 10-16 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical, L/D 2.5-5.0; distal cells cylyndrical or barrel-shaped, L/D 1.5-3.0; branching unilateral or alternate. Secondary fascicles abundant, curved, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or obovoid, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-7.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-9 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 19.0-35.0(-38.0) µm long; trichogynes cylindrical or club-shaped, stalked or unstalked, 5.5-10.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes1-2 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 90-240 µm in diameter, 55-130 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia obovoid, 12.0-15.0 µm long, 5.5-11.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumanoa, S. (2002). Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.
2010-10-9 19:19:11 2013-03-18 16:16:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:12:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:589 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Florida.
Distribution: Southeastern United States.
2010-10-9 19:19:11 2013-03-18 16:16:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:9:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the tips; 0.5-6.0 cm high, 275-600 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and confluent, obconic or barrel-shaped, becoming compressed and indistinct in older parts. Internode 200-650 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-4 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, (6-)7-12(-15) cell-storeys; proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 3.5-7.0; distal cells elliptical, obovoid or pear-shaped, L/D 1.3-3.0; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia sub-spherical or obovoid, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, rarely on fascicle cells, composed of 4-8 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia (15-)23-43(-65) µm long; trichogyness cylindrical, club-shaped, elliptical or elongate-conical, unstalked, 6.0-10.0(-12.5) µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower or higher than the whorl radius, 120-300(-450) µm in diameter, 90-200(-250) µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-7 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or elliptical; carposporangia obovoid, 10.0-17.5 µm in length, (5.0-)6.5-10.5 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Montagne, C. 1850. Cryptogamia guyanensis, seu plantarum cellularium in Guyana gallica annis 1835-1849 a cl. Leprieur collectarum enumeratio universalis. Ann. Sci. Nat Bot.,ser.3, 14:283-309.
2010-10-9 18:18:19 2013-03-18 16:16:39 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:9:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:501 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: French Guiana
Distribution: North Ameria: Belize, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico; South America: Brazil, French Guiana
Information about Kumanoa ambigua on Algaebase.
Information about Kumanoa ambigua on GenBank.
2010-10-9 18:18:19 2013-03-18 16:16:39 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:16:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 2.0-6.0 cm high, 250-500 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconical, pear-shaped, barrel-shaped or spherical. Internode 200-750 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-4 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 7-12 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 2.5-6; distal cells elliptical, obovoid or pear-shaped, L/D 1.5-3.5; branching di or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering two-thirds to the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia obovoid or spherical, terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 4.0-6.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches straight or curved, rarely slightly helically twisted, arising from pericentral or proximal cells of primary fascicles, rarely on secondary fascicles or intercalary cells of carpogonial branches, composed of 2-8 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-5 cell-storeys; carpogonia (30-)35-60 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical, club-shaped or elongate-elliptical or bottle-shaped, unstalked or stalked, 6.0-9.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1, rarely 2 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 150-400 µm in diameter, 80-170 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-6 cell storeys; cells cylindrical or elliptical; carposporangia obovoid, 12.0-19.0 µm long, 7.5-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Reis, M. P. dos. 1965. Subsidios para o conhecimento das Rodoficeas de agua doce de Portugal. V. Bol. Soc. Brot. 32: 33-47.
2010-10-10 20:20:24 2013-03-18 16:16:09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:16:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:499 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Maia, Portugal.
Distribution: Europe: Portugal, South America: Brazil
Information about Kumanoa abili on Algaebase.
Information about Kumanoa abilii on GenBank.
2010-10-10 20:20:24 2013-03-18 16:16:09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:17:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants cartilaginous and rigid; branching irregular and sparse; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 0.8-3.0 cm high, 100-150 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced, dense and compressed, usually indistinct but sometimes distinct and separated from each other. Internode 50-100 µm long. Pericentral cells spherical or barrel-shaped with 1-2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of short-cylindrical or barrel-shaped cells. Primary fascicles audouinelloid, curved, 3-6(-7) cell-storeys, tapering towards the apex; proximal cells cylindrical, L/D 1.5-2.5; distal cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped with terminal cells round-conical or sub-spherical, L/D 1.0-2.0; branching unilateral, lacking or 1-2 per fascicle. Secondary fascicles absent.
Monoecious. Spermatangia obovoid or sub-spherical, terminal on primary fascicles, 4.5-6.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising on pericentral or proximal fascicle cells, composed of 4-6 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-2 cell-storeys; carpogonia 20-30 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped, unstalked, 7.0-9.0 in diameter. Carposporophytes1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 140-220 µm in diameter, 80-130 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-7 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 11.0-14.0 µm long, 7.5-10.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Necchi, O. Jr., Vis, M. L., & Oliveira, M. C. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships in Kumanoa (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) species in Brazil with the proposal of Kumanoa amazonensis sp. nov. Phycologia, 49: 97-103.
2010-10-10 20:20:53 2013-03-18 16:16:15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:17:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil.
Inforamtion about Kumanoa amazonensis on Algaebase.
Information about Kumanoa amazonensis on GenBank.
2010-10-10 20:20:53 2013-03-18 16:16:15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:18:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within fascicle tips; 2.0-5.0 cm high, 260-410 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and confluent, obconic or elongate-obconic. Internode 250-750 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, (6-)7-12 cell-storeys; proximal cells cylindrical, elliptical or fusiform, L/D 4-7; distal cells elliptical or fusiform, L/D 2.5-5.0; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia sub-spherical or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, forming clusters, 4.0-6.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of (11-)15-21(-26) disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 30-50 µm long; trichogyness club-shaped, cylindrical or fusiform, unstalked, 4.0-8.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1-2 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower, rarely higher than the whorl radius, 115-200 µm in diameter, 60-110 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 10.0-17.0 µm long, 9.0-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Entwisle, T. J. & Foard, H. J. 1999. Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in Australia and New Zealand: New taxa records in Sections Contorta and Hybrida. Austral. Syst. Bot. 12: 615-633.
2010-10-10 20:20:58 2013-03-19 14:14:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:18:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Northern Territory, Australia.
Distribution: Northern Territory, Australia.
2010-10-10 20:20:58 2013-03-19 14:14:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:18:tid_chapter:289 batrach:tid:502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Habitat
Found growing on submerged vegeatation or rocks in large rivers.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Information about Kumanoa australica on Algaebase.
Information about Kumanoa australica on GenBank.
2010-10-10 20:20:58 2013-03-19 14:14:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:165:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants monoecious; main axis with inflated irregular cortication; confluent, whorls spherical or barrel-shaped, 412-955 mm in diameter, with 1-19 carposporophytes scattered within the whorl; carposporophytes spherical, pedicellate, 56-112 mm in diameter, gonimoblast filaments of 2-4 cylindrical cells; carpogonia 14-34 mm long with club-shaped, or ellipsoifal trichogynes 5-11 mm in diameter, carpogonium-bearing branch undifferentiated, 4-9 cells long, with involucral filaments having apical spermatangia; carposporangia obovoidal, 8-14 mm long, 6-11 mm in diameter.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:34 2013-04-17 14:14:17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:165:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: France, Europe
Distribution: Europe: Portugal, U.K., France, Poland, Sweden. Western North America.
2013-04-16 15:15:34 2013-04-17 14:14:17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:20:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately to abundantly mucilaginous, delicate to slightly rigid; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells protruding from the tips; 3.0-8.0 cm high, 300-1,000 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced to well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconic, but becoming indistinct and confluent in older parts. Internode 300-800 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 4-12(-15) cell-storeys, proximal cells fusiform, elliptical or elongate-cylindrical, L/D 4-10; distal cells fusiform or elongate-elliptical, L/D 2-6; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious or dioecious. Spermatangia obovoid or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.5-7.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral or proximal fascicle cells, composed of 5-9 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-5 cell-storeys; carpogonia 40-85 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical, club-shaped or elongate-elliptical, unstalked or stalked, 7.0-9.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes1 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, higher or lower than the whorl radius, 350-850 µm in diameter, 190-400 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 5-10 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical to elongate-elliptical; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, small 10.5-16.0 µm long, 8.0-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Necchi, O. Jr. & Kumano, S. 1984. Studies on the freshwater Rhodophyta of Brazil. 1.
Starmach, K. Algae from montane streams on the island of Mahe, in the Seychelles. Acta Hydrobiol. 17:201-209.
2010-10-10 20:20:40 2013-03-19 14:14:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:20:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Seychelles Archipelago (Indian Ocean).
Distribution: South America: Brazil, French Guiana; Africa: Seychelles.
Information about Kumanoa capensis on Algaebase.
2010-10-10 20:20:40 2013-03-19 14:14:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:21:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells protruding from the tips; 3.0-6.0 cm high, 250-400 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconical or pear-shaped. Internode 200-550 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles usually curved, 6-12 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 2-4; distal cells elliptical, obovoid or subspherical, L/D 1.2-2.5; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia obovoid or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 4.5-6.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches curved or slightly helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 4-7 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-4 cell-storeys; carpogonia 25.0-35.0 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical, club-shaped or elongate-elliptical, unstalked or stalked, 6.0-9.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1, rarely 2 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower or less often higher than the whorl radius, 80-300 µm in diameter, 60-150 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 5-8 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or elliptical; carposporangia obovoid or pear-shaped, small 13.0-18.0 µm long, 10.0-14.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Shi, Z. 1994. Two new species of the genus Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta) in China. Acta Phytotaxa. Sin. 32:275-280.
2010-10-10 20:20:42 2013-03-19 14:14:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:21:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:505 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: China.
Distribution: Asia: China; South America: Brazil.
2010-10-10 20:20:42 2013-03-19 14:14:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:22:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology
"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells protruding from the tips; 2.0-5.0 cm high, 100-160 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced, usually distinct and confluent, obconic or elongate-obconic. Internode 110-230 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 1-2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles curved distally, 4-7 cell-storeys; proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 2-4; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 1.2-2.2; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia sub-spherical or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-6.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 11-19 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 34-39 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped, elliptical or fusiform, unstalked, 4.0-8.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1-2 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 150-230 µm in diameter, 80-150 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-9 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia sub-spherical or obovoid, 7.0-13.0 µm long, 7.0-11.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Entwisle, T. J. & Foard, H. J. 1999. Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in Australia and New Zealand: New taxa records in Sections Contorta and Hybrida. Austral. Syst. Bot. 12: 615-633.
2010-10-10 20:20:01 2013-03-19 14:14:43 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:22:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:506 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType locality: New South Wales, Australia.
Distribution: Australia.
Information about Kumanoa deminuta on Algaebase.
Information about K. deminuta (as Batrachospermum deminutum) on Genbank.
2010-10-10 20:20:01 2013-03-19 14:14:43 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:23:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants poorly mucilaginous, rigid; branching pseudodichotomous and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 3.0-6.0 cm high, 400-800 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, barrel-shaped, compressed and indistinct in older parts. Internode 150-350 µm long. Pericentral cells spherical with 1(-2) primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles audouinelloid, curved, 10-16 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical, L/D 4.0-6.0; distal cells cylindrical, L/D 4.5-7.0; branching unilateral or alternate, rarely opposed. Secondary fascicles absent or few and sparse.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or obovoid, terminal or sub-terminal on primary fascicles, rarely on secondary fascicles, 6.0-9.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-8 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 2-5 cell-storeys; carpogonia 40.0-55.0 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical or elliptical, stalked or unstalked, 10.0-13.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 500-850 µm in diameter, 300-600 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 7-10 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia sub-spherical or obovoid, 20.0-32.0 µm long, 17.0-27.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Kumano, S. & Necchi, O. Jr. 1985. Studies on the freshwater Rhodophyta of Brazil. II. Two new species of Batrachospermum from states of Amazonas and Minas Gerais. Jap. J. Phycol. 33: 181-189.
2010-10-10 20:20:13 2013-03-19 14:14:01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:23:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:507 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Brazil.
Distribution: South America: Brazil and Venezuela.
Information about Kumanoa equisetoidea on Algaebase.
Information about Kumanoa equisetoidea on GenBank.
2010-10-10 20:20:13 2013-03-19 14:14:01 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:24:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicle tips; 2.0-5.0 cm high, 300-600 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconic or barrel-shaped. Internode 200-600 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 7-12(-14) cell-storeys, proximal cells elliptical or cylindrical, L/D 4-7; distal cells obovoid, pear-shaped or sub-spherical, L/D 1.5-3.5; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia sub-spherical or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 4.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-11(-14) disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 30-45(-52) µm long; trichogynes club-shaped or elliptical, unstalked, 5.0-12.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1-2 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 200-320 µm in diameter, 120-200 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical to barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 10.0-16.5 µm long, 7.0-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater Red Algae of the World. Biopress limited: Bristol, England. 375 pp.
Kumano, S. & Bowden-Derby, W. A. 1986. Studies on the freshwater Rhodophyta of Micronesia. I. Six new species of Batrachospermum. Roth. Jap. J. Phycol. 34: 107-128.
2010-10-10 20:20:16 2013-03-19 15:15:47 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:24:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:508 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Caroline Islands, Micronesia.
Distribution: Asia: Micronesia; North Ameria: U.S.A.
2010-10-10 20:20:16 2013-03-19 15:15:47 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:25:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicle tips; 3.0-5.0 cm high, 300-600 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconic or barrel-shaped. Internode 270-450 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 7-12 cell-storeys, proximal cells elliptical or fusiform, L/D 3.5-7.0; distal cells elliptical or fusiform, L/D 3.0-5.0; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia sub-spherical or obovoid, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 6.0-7.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 4-7 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 20-34(-40) µm long; trichogynes cylindrical, elliptical or club-shaped, stalked or unstalked, 4.5-9.5(-12.0) µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, (160-)200-350(-420) µm in diameter, (80-)100-200(-305) µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-8 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or elliptical; carposporangia sub-spherical or obovoid, 9.0-13.0(-15.0) µm long, 6.0-11.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
Isrealson, G. 1942. The freshwater Floridae of Sweden. Studies on their taxonomy, ecology, and distribution. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 6(1). 134 pp.
2010-10-10 20:20:57 2013-03-19 15:15:15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:25:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType locality: Lake Åsgarn, Folkärna, Dalarna, Sweden.
Distribution: Australia; Europe: Sweden; North America: Belize, Mexico, U.S.A.; South America: Brazil.
Information about Kumanoa globospora on Algaebase.
Information about K. globospora on Genbank.
2010-10-10 20:20:57 2013-03-19 15:15:15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:26:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate to rigid; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within fascicle tips; 2.5-12.5 cm high, 200-500 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced or well developed, obconic or pear-shaped, distinct and separated, becoming indistinct and confluent in older parts. Internode 300-1,100 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 4-9(-11) cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 2.5-10(-13); distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 1.5-4; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious, rarely dioecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on secondary or primary fascicles, 5.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-8 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia (35-)45-85 µm long; trichogyness cylindrical, club-shaped, stalked or unstalked, 6.0-10.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 200-470 µm in diameter, 110-230 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 5-9 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or elongate-elliptical; carposporangia obovoid, 12.0-17.0 µm long, 8.0-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Limited: Bristol, England. 375pp.
Necchi, O. Jr. 1989. Rhodophyta de água doce de estado de São Paulo: levantamento taxónomico. Bol. Bot. Univ. São Paulo. 11: 11-69.
West, W. & West G. S. 1897. Welwetsch's African freshwater algae. J. Bot. 35: 1-7.
2010-10-10 20:20:05 2013-03-19 15:15:08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:26:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Angola, Africa.
Distribution: Africa: Angola; South America: Brazil, French Guiana.
Information about Kumanoa gracillima on Algaebase.
Inforamtion about K. gracillima on Genbank.
2010-10-10 20:20:05 2013-03-19 15:15:08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:27:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells protruding from the tips; 3.0-6.0 cm high, 250-150 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and confluent, obconic or barrel-shaped. Internode 250-750 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 8-13(-15) cell-storeys; proximal cells cylindrical, elliptical or fusiform, L/D 3.5-7.5; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 1.5-3.0; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia sub-spherical or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-8.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-10 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 18-33(-48) µm long; trichogyness club-shaped, obovoid or elliptical, unstalked, 6.0-9.0(-13.0) µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower or higher than the whorl radius, 150-410(-600) µm in diameter, 75-210(-300) µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid, 14.0-26.0 µm in length, 8.0-17.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
2010-10-10 20:20:50 2013-03-25 16:16:37 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced; 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:27:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:511 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Northen Territory, Australia
Distribution: Australia
2010-10-10 20:20:50 2013-03-25 16:16:37 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced; 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:28:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately to abundantly mucilaginous, delicate; branching pseudodichotomous and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 1.5-2.5 cm high, 250-400 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced, obconic or barrel-shaped, becoming indistinct and confluent in older parts. Internode 150-500 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid or spherical with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles curved, 4-8 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 4-6; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 2-4; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 6.5-8.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches curved, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 6-10 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 35.0-45.0 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped, unstalked, 8.0-11.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 150-300 µm in diameter, 100-180 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-7 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia obovoid or elliptical, 18.0-25.0 µm long, 10.5-15.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd.: Bristol, Great Britain. 375 pp.
Reis, M. P. dos. 1972. Batrachospermum henriquesianum, sp. nov.. Bol Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 46: 181-190.
2010-10-10 20:20:11 2013-03-25 16:16:39 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:28:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:512 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Portugal.
Distribution: Portugal.
2010-10-10 20:20:11 2013-03-25 16:16:39 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:29:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicle tips; 4.0-7.0 cm high, 200-300 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced, usually distinct and separated, obconic or pear-shaped. Internode 125-400 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 1-2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 4-7 cell-storeys, proximal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 2-5; distal cells obovoid or sub-spherical, L/D 1.1-2.0; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia obovoid or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.5-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 4-7 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 42-55 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical or elongate-elliptical, 8.0-10.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical or sub-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 110-270 µm in diameter, 100-170 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-5 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia spherical or sub-spherical, 17.0-24.0 µm long, 17.0-22.5 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
2010-10-10 20:20:19 2013-03-25 16:16:35 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced; 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:29:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Alabama, U.S.A.
Distribution: U.S.A. (type locality only)
2010-10-10 20:20:19 2013-03-25 16:16:35 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced; 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:30:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate or rigid, denude at the base; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 3.0-7.0 cm high, 300-600 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, obconic or pear-shaped, becoming indistinct in older parts. Internode 150-700 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 6-12 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 4-6; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 2-4; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles. Monosporangia arising from primary and secondary fascicles or involucral filaments, obovoid, 11.0-15.0 µm long, 9.0-12.0 in diameter.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, (5.0-)7.0-9.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells or proximal fascicle cells, composed of (6-)8-11 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 30.0-40.0 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped, unstalked, 6.0-9.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 150-300 µm in diameter, 85-150 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-7 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia obovoid or elliptical, two types: small, 11.0-15.0 µm long, 8.0-11.5 µm in diameter; large, 17.0-25.0 µm long, 11.0-15.0 µm in diameter; bisporangia occasionally formed on gonimoblast filaments or loosely attached, obovoid with septum dividing the content into two unequal parts."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Jao, C. C. 1941. Studies on the freshwater algae of China. IV. Subaerial and aquatic algae from NanYoh, Huna Part II. Sinensia 11: 241-361.
2010-10-10 20:20:08 2013-03-25 16:16:50 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:30:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Szechwan, China
Distribution: China. There was a report of this taxon in French Guiana but those specimens are more accurately referred to as K. capensis.
Information about Kumanoa intorta on Algaebase.
Inforamion about K. intorta (as Batrachospermum intortum) on GenBank.
2010-10-10 20:20:08 2013-03-25 16:16:50 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:31:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells protruding from the tips; 4.0-5.0 cm high, 150-250 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, elongate-obconic or elongate-obpyriform. Internode 300-500 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 8-10 cell-storeys, proximal cells fusiform, elliptical or elongate-cylindrical, L/D 4-6; distal cells fusiform or elliptical, L/D 2-4; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia obovoid or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 4.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 8-12 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 26-40 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped, unstalked, 6.0-9.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 100-220 µm in diameter, 70-150 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical to barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 13.0-19.0 µm long, 11.5-14.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375pp.
Kumano, S. 1982. Two taxa of the section Contorta of the genus Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta, Nemalionales) from temperate Japan. Jap. J. Phycol. 32: 24-28.
2010-10-10 21:21:21 2013-03-25 16:16:58 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:31:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Iriomote Island, Japan.
Distribution: Africa: South Africa; Asia: Japan and Malaysia.
2010-10-10 21:21:21 2013-03-25 16:16:58 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:32:tid_chapter:261 batrach:tid:516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Description DescriptionInformation about Kumanoa joyli on Algaebase.
2010-10-10 21:21:26 2013-03-27 13:13:48 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:32:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 2.5-9.0 cm high, 400-800 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconic, pear-shaped, barrel-shaped or spherical, compressed and indistinct in older parts. Internode 300-600 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles curved, 13-20 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 2.5-4.5; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 1.5-2.5; branching unilateral or dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, curved, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia obovoid or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, rarely on involucral filaments, 5.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, rarely on rhizoidal filaments, composed of 6-10 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 2-5 cell-storeys; carpogonia 30-40 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical or club-shaped, unstalked, 6.0-8.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes1-2 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 200-450 µm in diameter, 100-250 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 5-8 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 10.0-14.0 µm long, 8.0-11.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
2010-10-10 21:21:26 2013-03-27 13:13:48 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced; 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:32:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil.
2010-10-10 21:21:26 2013-03-27 13:13:48 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:164:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:638 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants polyoecious or monoecious, very or moderately mucilaginous, 7-16.5 cm high, 800-2300 mm in diameter, irregularly branched. Whorls dense, obconical, pear-shaped, compressed, contiguous. Fascicles 2-3, primary fascicles straight, 10-17(-19) cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or ellipsoidal, 5-10 mm in diameter, 25-60 mm long, distal cells ellipsoidal, obovoidal, hemispherical, 4-10 mm in diameter, 6-20 mm long, terminal hairs numerous, short. Cortical filaments well-developed. Secondary fascicles numerous, reaching the length of primary ones. Spermatangia spherical to ovoid, 5-6 mm in diameter, terminal or subterminal on fascicles. Carpogonium-bearing branches straight, long, differentiated from fascicles, 80-200 mm long, consisting of 8-30 cells, arising from periaxial cells, rarely from proximal cells. Involucral filaments numerous. Carpogonia 3-6 mm in diameter at the base, 7-9 mm in diameter at the apex, 27-40 mm long, trichogyne club-shaped, obovoidal, lanceolate, sessile. Carposporophytes pedunculate, single or in pairs, spherical, 80-220 mm in diameter, in middle or outer third of whorl. Carposporangia obovoidal or club-shaped, 8-10.5 mm in diameter, 12-18 mm long.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:45 2013-04-22 18:18:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:164:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:638 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: French Guiana, South America.
Distribution: South America: Brazil, French Guiana; Asia: Malaysia; Australia.
2013-04-16 15:15:45 2013-04-22 18:18:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:34:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells protruding from the tips; 3.0-4.0 cm high, 350-650 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconic or barrel-shaped, becoming indistinct in older parts. Internode 300-500 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 3-4 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 8-15 cell-storeys, proximal cells fusiform or elliptical, L/D 3-6; distal cells fusiform or elliptical, L/D 2-4; branching di or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles. Monosporangia forming rings around the nodes on the axes at basal parts, obovoid, 20.0-26.5 µm long, 13.0-16.0 in diameter.
Dioecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 6.5-8.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, rarely on secondary fascicles and rhizoidal filaments, composed of (6-)7-16 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 32.5-45.0 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical or elongate-conical, stalked or unstalked, 8.0-10.5 µm wide. Carposporophytes 1-2 per whorl, dense, spherical or semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 150-300 µm in diameter, 90-150 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia elliptical or elongate-obovoid, 20.0-23.0 µm long, 10.0-13.5 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375pp.
Reis, M. P. dos. 1961. Revisão dos espécimes de Batrachospermum Roth e Sirodotia Kylin for herbários dos institutos botanicos de Coimbra e Lisboa. Bol Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 34: 37-55.
2010-10-10 21:21:19 2013-03-27 13:13:42 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:34:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:518 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Portugal.
Distribution: Portugal.
2010-10-10 21:21:19 2013-03-27 13:13:42 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:35:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicle tips; 3.0-6.0 cm high, 250-400 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced, usually distinct and separated, obconic or pear-shaped. Internode 200-500 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 4-7(-9) cell-storeys, proximal cells elliptical or cylindrical, L/D 3-6; distal cells elliptic or obovoid, L/D 1.5-3.0; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia sub-spherical or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 4.0-6.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of (5-)7-12(-15) disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 25-40 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped or elliptical, unstalked, 6.0-8.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1-2 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower or less often higher than the whorl radius, 140-180 µm in diameter, 75-160 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 11.0-14.0 µm long, 7.0-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.
Kumano, S. & Bowden-Kerby, W. A. 1986. Studies on the freshwater Rhodophyta of Micronesia. I. Six new species of Batrachospermum Roth. Jap. J. Phycol. 34: 107-128.
2010-10-10 21:21:59 2013-03-27 13:13:40 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:35:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:519 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Micronesia.
Distribution: Asia: Micronesia; North America: U.S.A.
2010-10-10 21:21:59 2013-03-27 13:13:40 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:36:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicle tips; 5.0-10.0 cm high, 400-600 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, barrel-shaped or obconic, distinct, becoming indistinct and confluent in older parts. Internode 350-650 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, (8-)9-13 cell-storeys, proximal cells elongate-elliptical or elongate-cylindrical L/D 5-9; distal cells elliptical, L/D 3-6; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 4.0-6.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-11 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 45.0-65.0 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical or club-shaped, unstalked, 9.0-12.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 150-230 µm in diameter, 70-100 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 5-8 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or elliptical; carposporangia obovoid or elliptical, 10.0-15.0 µm long, 9.0-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Entwisle, T. J., Vis, M. L., Chiasson, W. B., Necchi, O. Jr., & Sherwood, A. R. 2009. Systematics of the Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta)-a synthesis. J. Phycol. 45: 704-715.
2010-10-10 21:21:05 2013-03-27 15:15:32 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:36:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:520 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: French Guiana.
Distribution: French Guiana.
Information about Kumanoa montagnei on Genbank.
2010-10-10 21:21:05 2013-03-27 15:15:32 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:163:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants monoecious, moderately mucilaginous, 3-6 cm high, 450 mm in diameter; whorls barrel-shaped or compressed, contiguous; fascicles 2-4, primary fascicles di- or trichotomously branched, 6-10 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical, 6-12 mm in diameter, 40-80 mm long, distal cells obovoidal or spherical, 8-13 mm in diameter, 14-20 mm long, terminal hairs numerous and long; cortical filaments well-developed; secondary fascicles numerous, covering internodes; spermatangia spherical or obovoidal, terminal on fascicles, 6-7 mm in diameter; carpogonium-bearing branches arising from periaxial cells, short, 15-30 mm long, consisting of 3-6 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; carpogonium 30-45 mm long, trichogyne club-shaped or ovoid, indistinctly stalked; upper involucral filaments in rosette, lower involucral filaments numerous, short; carposporophytes one-celled zygotes; filaments of chanstransia phase developing directly from one-celled zygotes.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:10 2013-04-17 14:14:34 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:163:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Brazil, South America
Distribution: Brazil, South America
2013-04-16 15:15:10 2013-04-17 14:14:34 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:38:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching pseudodichotomous and sparse; apices straight, apical cells protruding from the tips; 6.0-15.0 cm high, 100-300 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced, elongate-obconic, distinct, becoming indistinct and confluent in older parts. Internode 350-700 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 4-7 cell-storeys, proximal cells elongate-cylindrical or elongate-cylindrical L/D 5-9; distal cells elliptical, rarely obovoid, L/D 3-5; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-8.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-9 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 30.0-55.0 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped or elliptical, unstalked, 9.0-13.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 200-400 µm in diameter, 90-200 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 5-8 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or elliptical; carposporangia obovoid or elliptical, 15.0-20.0 µm long, 10.0-13.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress. Ltd. 375 pp.
Montagne, C. 1850. Cryptogamia guyanensis, seu plantarum cellularium in Guyana gallica annis 1835-1849 a cl. Leprieur collectarum enumeratio universalis. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 14: 283-309.
2010-10-10 21:21:54 2013-03-27 15:15:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:38:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:522 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: French Guiana.
Distribution: French Guiana.
Information about Kumanoa nodiflora on Algaebase.
Information about K. nodiflora (as Batrachospermum nodiflorum) on GenBank.
2010-10-10 21:21:54 2013-03-27 15:15:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:41:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, rigid; branching pseudodichotomous and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 2.0-7.0 cm high, 150-400 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconic or barrel-shaped, compressed and indistinct in older parts. Internode 150-350 µm long. Pericentral cells spherical with 1-2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles audouinelloid, curved, 6-10 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical, L/D 2.5-5.0; distal cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped, L/D 1.5-3.0; branching unilateral or alternate. Secondary fascicles abundant, curved, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or obovoid, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-8.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 6-9 disc- or barrel- shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 35.0-65.0 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical or club-shaped, unstalked, 8.0-13.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1-2 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 170-330 µm in diameter, 80-170 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-7 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia obovoid, 10.0-15.0 µm long, 7.0-10.5 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. (2002). Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.
Skuja, H. 1931. Einiges zur Kenntnis der brasilianischen Batrachospermen. Hedwigia 71: 78-87.
2010-10-10 21:21:26 2013-03-27 16:16:09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:41:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:524 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil.
Information about Kumanoa procarpa on Algaebase.
Information about Kumanoa procarpa on GenBank.
2010-10-10 21:21:26 2013-03-27 16:16:09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:42:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:528 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 4.0-5.0 cm high, 400-800 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconic or barrel-shaped, becoming indistinct in older parts. Internode 300-600 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-4 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments poorly developed, forming 1, rarely 2, layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 8-14 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 4-8; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 2-4; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles. Fascicles with monosporangia at the tips usually forming spherical or sub-spherical groupings around the nodes on the axes resembling carsporophytes, 100-250 µm in diameter; monosporangia also arising from involucral filaments, as well as primary and secondary fascicles, elliptical or elongate-obovoid, 20-25 µm long, 7-11 µm in diameter.
Monoecious. Spermatangia rare, spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary fascicles, 9.0-11.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, rarely on rhizoidal filaments, composed of 4-7 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 2-5 cell-storeys, often producing monosporangia; carpogonia 55.0-70.0 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical, club- or bottle-shaped, unstalked, 10.0-12.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes not observed; monosporangial fascicles resemble carposporophytesin shape and position."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Reis, M. P. dos. 1973. Subsidios para o conhecimento das Rodoficeas de agua doce de Portugal. VIII. Bol. Soc. Brot. 47, ser. 2: 139-156.
2010-10-10 21:21:51 2013-03-27 16:16:31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:42:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:528 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Portugal.
Distribution: Portugal.
2010-10-10 21:21:51 2013-03-27 16:16:31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:43:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:529 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 3.0-11.0 cm high, 500-1,200 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconical or barrel-shaped, compressed and indistinct in older parts. Internode 250-550 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles curved or with distal ends curved, 13-20 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 3.0-5.0; distal cells elliptical, L/D 1.5-3.5; branching unilateral or dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, curved or with distal ends curved, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia obovoid or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.5-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 8-10 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 2-5 cell-storeys; carpogonia 30-40 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical or club-shaped, unstalked, 7.0-9.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes1 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 500-900 µm in diameter, 200-500 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 8-12 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or elliptical; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 10.0-15.0 µm long, 8.5-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Type Locality: Brazil.
Distribution: Brazil.
Information about Kumanoa skujana on Algaebase.
2010-10-10 21:21:56 2013-03-27 16:16:43 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:44:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:530 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 2.5-5.0 cm high, 550-1,200 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, barrel-shaped, distinct, becoming indistinct and confluent in older parts. Internode 500-1,200 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 10-16 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 4-8; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 1.5-4; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles few to abundant, covering half of internode length and shorter than primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on colorless spermatiophores, as well as on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, curled or less often helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of (6-)8-12 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-5 cell-storeys; carpogonia 29.5-43.0 µm long; trichogynes cylindrical, club-shaped or lanceolate, stalked or unstalked, 6.5-11.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius or rarely reaching the whorl radius, 260-450 µm in diameter, 185-300 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-8 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or elliptical; carposporangia spherical or sub-spherical, 11.5-16.0 µm long, 9.5-15.5 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.
Vis, M. L., Sheath, R. G., Hambrook, J. A. & Cole, K. M. 1994. Stream macroalgae of the Hawaiian Islands: a preliminary study. Pacific Science, 48: 175-187.
2010-10-10 21:21:56 2013-03-27 16:16:51 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:44:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:530 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Hawai'i.
Distribution: Hawai'i.
Information about Kumanoa spermatiophora on Algaebase.
Information about Kumanoa spermatiophora on GenBank.
2010-10-10 21:21:56 2013-03-27 16:16:51 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:45:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:531 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants very mucilaginous, delicate; branching pseudodichotoous and sparse; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicle tips; 3.0-7.0 cm high, 300-600 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, barrel-shaped, obconic or pear-shaped. Internode 150-350 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, (6-)8-13 cell-storeys, proximal cells elongate-elliptical, elongate-cylindrical or fusiform L/D 4-7; distal cells elliptical or cylindrical, L/D 2.5-5.0; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia sub-spherical or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 4.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of (6-)8-13 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia (30-)40-65 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped, unstalked, 5.0-10.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1-2 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 150-300 µm in diameter, 80-200 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 5-8 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia sub-spherical or obovoidal, 12.0-18.0 µm long, 10.0-16.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.
Kumano, S. & Bowden-Kerby, W. A. 1986. Studies on the freshwater Rhodophyta of Micronesia. I. Six new species of Batrachospermum Roth. Jap. J. Phycol. 34: 107-128.
2010-10-10 21:21:42 2013-03-27 16:16:12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:45:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:531 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Micronesia.
Distribution: Micronesia and Philippenes
2010-10-10 21:21:42 2013-03-27 16:16:12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:161:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants dioecious; whorls confluent, barrel-shaped, 428-727 mm in diameter with 1-3 peripheral carposporophytes; main axis with cortication consisting of cylindrical cells only; carposporophytes spherical, pedicellate, 92-129 mm in diameter, gonimoblast filaments of 2-4 cylindrical cells; carpogonia 28-39 mm long with clavate trichogynes 6-12 mm in diameter; carpogonium-bearing branch undifferentiated, 5-9 cells long; carposporangia obovoidal, 10-15 mm long 7-12 mm in diameter.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:14 2013-04-17 15:15:19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:161:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:632 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Sweden, Europe.
Distribution: Europe: Portugal, Sweden, Belgium, Crimea, Poland; Asia: Japan; Australia; North America: U.S.A., Canada, Mexico.
2013-04-16 15:15:14 2013-04-17 15:15:19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:160:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants dioecious, rarely polyoecious, very (rarely moderately) mucilaginous, 3.5-15 cm high, 600-2500 mm in diameter, irregularly and abundantly branched; whorls well-developed, lax, rarely dense, obconical, pear-shaped or spherical, contiguous or separated; fascicles 2-4, primary fascicles straight, di- or trichotomously branches, 5-10(-12) cell-storeys, proximal cells ellipsoidal of cylindrical, 6-25 mm in diameter, 50-180 mm long, distal cells obovoidal, hemispherical of ellipsoical, 7-30 mm in diameter, 10-50 mm long, terminal hairs short and long; secondary fascicles numerous, reaching or not reaching the length of primary ones; spermatangia spherical or obovoidal, 6-9 mm in diameter, terminal or subterminal on fascicles; carpogonium-bearing branches straight, long, 40-200 mm long, consisting of 3-16 barrel-shaped or cylindrical cells, arising from periaxial cells, rarely from proximal cells or cortical filament cells; carpogonia 6.5-13.5 mm in diameter at the base, 12-18 mm in diameter at the apex, 30-50 mm long, filaments in rosettes, lower involucral filaments numerous; carposporophytes 1-2(3), pedunculate, dense, spherical, 90-220 mm in diameter, extending from periphery of whorl; carposporangia obovoidal, pear- or club-shaped, very big, 20-45 mm in diameter, 32.5-60 mm long; carpospores germinating in situ. “
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:19 2013-04-22 18:18:04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:160:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: French Guiana, South America.
Distribution: South America: Brazil, French Guiana; North America: U.S.A.
2013-04-16 15:15:19 2013-04-22 18:18:04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:48:tid_chapter:261 batrach:tid:536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Description DescriptionThis is the type species of the genus Kumanoa.
2010-10-10 21:21:22 2013-03-27 16:16:52 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:48:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 2.0-8.0 cm high, 275-700 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconic, barrel-shaped or sub-spherical. Internode 300-550 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 6-12 cell-storeys, proximal cells elliptical or cylindrical, L/D 4-6; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 1.5-3; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering two-thirds or the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia obovoid or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches straight, curled or less often helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 3-6 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia inserted off-center in the carpogonial branches distal cell, 19.0-35.0 µm long; trichogynes elliptical, lanceolate or club-shaped, unstalked, 5.0-11.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1-2 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, (80-)120-270(-320) µm in diameter, (70-)100-230(-285) µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-7 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical, elliptical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid, elliptical or pear-shaped, 10.5-16.5 µm long, 7.0-11.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.
Sirodot, S. 1884. Les Batrachospermales: organisation, fonctions, developpment, clasification. Paris. 299 pp., 50 pls.
2010-10-10 21:21:22 2013-03-27 16:16:52 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:48:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:536 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: "not specified by Sirodot..., material collected near Montfort and Rennes, France."
Kumano, S. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.
Distribution: Europe: France, Latvia, Sweden; North America: Canada, U.S.A.; Asia: Japan.
Information about Kumano virgatodecaisneana on Algaebase.
Information about Kumanoa virgatodecaisneana on GenBank.
2010-10-10 21:21:22 2013-03-27 16:16:52 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:49:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within fascicle tips; 3.0-5.0 cm high, 350-500 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and confluent, obconic. Internodes 200-550 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles curved distally, 8-13 cell-storeys; proximal cells elliptical or fusiform, L/D 3.5-7; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 1.3-3.5; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia forming clusters on short lateral filaments and also on involucral filaments, 5.0-6.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells or proximal fascicle cells, composed of 4-7 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-4 cell-storeys; carpogonia 32-40 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped or cylindrical, unstalked, 4.0-9.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 110-260 µm in diameter, 50-150 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid, 13.0-15.0 µm long, 7.0-11.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.
Entwisle, T. J. & Foard, H. J. 1999. Batrachospermum (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in Australia and New Zealand: New taxa and records in Sections Contorta and Hybrida. Austral. Syst. Bot. 12: 615-633.
2010-10-10 21:21:05 2013-03-27 16:16:02 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:49:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:540 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Northern Territory, Australia.
Distribution: Northern Territory, Australia.
Inforamtion about Kumanoa vittata on Algaebase.
2010-10-10 21:21:05 2013-03-27 16:16:02 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:50:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells protruding from the tips; 3.0-6.0 cm high, 300-700 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, obconic or pear-shaped, becoming indistinct in older parts. Internode 150-700 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 6-12 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical or elliptical, L/D 4-8; distal cells fusiform or elliptical, L/D 2-5; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles. Monosporangia arising from primary and secondary fascicles, obovoid or sub-spherical, 10.0-15.0 µm long, 8.0-10.0 in diameter.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 4-7 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia (40.0-)45.0-90.0 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped, unstalked, 7.0-10.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 200-500 µm in diameter, 100-250 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 4-7 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia obovoid, 14.0-20.0 µm long, 8.0-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
Kumano, S. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.
Kumano, S. 1983. Studies on freshwater Rhodophyta of Papua New Guinea. II. Batrachospermum woitapense, sp. npv. from the Papuan Highlands. Jap. J. Phycol. 31: 76-80.
2010-10-10 21:21:30 2013-03-27 16:16:57 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:50:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Papua New Guinea.
Distribution: Papua New Guinea.
2010-10-10 21:21:30 2013-03-27 16:16:57 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:50:tid_chapter:289 batrach:tid:541 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat HabitatStreams running through Sphagnum swamps.
2010-10-10 21:21:30 2013-03-27 16:16:57 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Johnston, Emily 7db04dc2aa80d49dc49c5ebdfac5bf19 batrach:nid:196:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants monoecious or dioecious, green to reddish-brown, almost black , up to 4 cm high, 120-240 mm in diameter, irregularly, sparsely to frequently branched; fascicles 2-3, whorls ovoid to conical and separated except in aged plants, compressed; primary fascicles abundantly branched, 3-6 cell-storeys, proximal cells spherical to dome-shaped, terminal hairs absent, sparse or abundant; intertwining cortical filaments well-developed and covering all central axes; secondary fascicles frequent; spermatangia spherical to obovoidal, 4-6 mm in diameter, terminal on fascicles and involucral filaments; carpogonium-bearing branches arising from periaxial cels and fascicles, consisting of 3-5 cells, slightly curved, with few-celled involucral filaments; carpogonia 4-7 mm in diameter at apex, 15-27 mm long, trichgyne inflated-ovoid, urn-shaped or ellipsoidal; carposporophytes single or paired, hemispherical, protruding wart-like from whorls, 100-140 mm in diameter, 50-70 mm high; carposporangia obovoidal, 6-7 mm in diameter, 7-11 mm long.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp
2013-04-29 15:15:54 2013-04-30 15:15:31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:196:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:635 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Wales, U.K., Europe.
Distribution: Africa: Angola; Europe: U.K., France, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Sweden; Asia: China, Korea, Japan; Australia; New Zealand; South America: Brazil.
2013-04-29 15:15:54 2013-04-30 15:15:31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:169:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants monoecious, with indistinct whorls, 627-1405 mm in diameter, fascicles 8-12 cell-storeys. Paired fascicle tips turned inwards towards each other. Rhizoidal outgrowths from mid-fascicle cells. Carpogonium-bearing branches undifferentiated, consisting of 3-8 cells with long and short involucral filaments, sometimes terminal with more than one carpogonium. Carpogonium 7-10 mm in diameter, 30-54 mm long, trichogyne typically lanceolate, cylindrical, sometimes curved or branched. Spermatangia observed only terminal on one-celled involucral filaments arising from subtending cell of carpogonium. Carposporophytes spherical, 1-3 per whorl exserted or within whorl. Mature carposporophytes 112-237 mm in diameter. Carposporangia 7-11 mm in diameter, 12-18 mm long, terminal on 3-4 celled gonimoblast filaments.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:24 2013-04-17 14:14:22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:169:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Texas, U.S.A, North America
Distribution, Texas, U.S.A., North America
2013-04-16 15:15:24 2013-04-17 14:14:22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:195:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants monoecious, moderately mucilaginous, consistency rigid, 2.5-5 cm high, 300-1000 µm in diameter, branching pseudo-dichotomous, sparse, main branch indistinct, apicies straight, base denuded. Whorls well developed, dense, obconical, barrel-shaped or compressed and indistinct, contiguous. Internodes 250-400 µm long. Periaxial cells spherical of ovoidal, 3-4 primary fascicles. Cortical filaments well developed. Primary fascicles straight, 8-13 cell storeys, proximal cells ellipsoidal, 7.5-15 µm in diameter, 20-45 µm long; distal cells ellipsoidal, obovoidal or semi-spherical, 4-10 µm in diameter, 10-20 µm long; branching 3-7 times di- rarely trichotomous. Hairs numerous, short, with inflated base. Secondary fasciclces numerous, along the length of the internode, reaching the length of the primary fascicles. Spermatangia spherical, terminal or subterminal, on primary of secondary fascicles, 6-9 µm in diameter. Carpogonium-bearing branch straight, on periaxial cell, 3-7 celled, short, 18-40 µm long, cells disc- or barrel-shaped, 6-8 µm in diameter, 6-9 µm long. Involucral filaments numerous, short, 1-4 barrel-shaped or subspherical cells. Carpogonium symmetrical, 35-60 µm long, base 5-6 µm in diameter, apex 7-10 µm in diameter. Trichogyne club-shaped, sessile. Carposporphytes abortive. Gonimoblast filaments and carposporangia not observed.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-29 14:14:50 2013-04-29 14:14:50 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:195:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:636 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: France, Europe
Distribution: Europe: France, Ireland, Portugal, Belgium, Sweden; Asia: India, Japan; Papua New Guinea; North America: Canada, U.S.A.; South America: Brazil.
2013-04-29 14:14:50 2013-04-29 14:14:50 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:167:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:631 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants monoecious, whorls distant to confluent, sometimes pressed, spherical or barrel-shapes, 257-972 mm in diameter with 1-11 carposporophytes exserted or within the whorls at various distance from the axis; main axis with cortication, consisting of cylindrical cells only; carposporophytes spherical, pedicellate, 40-139 mm in diameter, gonimoblast filaments of 2-4 cylindrical cells; carpogonia 20-68 mm long with club-shaped or lanceolate trichogynes 5-17 mm in diameter; carpogonium branch undifferentiated, 3-10 cells long; carposporangia obovoidal 8-16 mm long, 6-12 mm in diameter.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:50 2013-04-17 15:15:32 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:167:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:631 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: northern Europe
Distribution: Europe: France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Belgium, Sweden; Asia: India, Iraq, China, Japan, Korea; Australia; North America: eastern and southern U.S.A., Yukon, Newfoundland, Canada.
2013-04-16 15:15:50 2013-04-17 15:15:32 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:186:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants bristle-like, cylindrical with bulges, unstalked, unbranched, whorled branched and re-branched, branches not to be confused, 290-620 mm in diameter, 3.6-11.4 cm long. Papillae greatly aggregated. Cellular structure, 4 celled layers, outer cortex smaller, inner gradually larger. Medullar layer, axial cortical filaments densely reticulate without gelatinous matrix. Carpospores in chain.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 19:19:50 2013-04-25 16:16:07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:186:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:661 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: mountains of Mexico, Central America.
Distribution: Central Mexico, Central America.
2013-04-16 19:19:50 2013-04-25 16:16:07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:185:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants violet in color, becoming very dark when dry, unstalked, unbranched, (5-)8.0-14.8 cm long, 0.69-0.93(-1.5) mm in diameter, distinctly narrowed at the base, straight or slightly arcuate. Spermatangial zones or fertile portions prominent, papillae in nodal rings, broad, irregular, sometimes interrupted near base. Carposporophyte zones nearly cylindrical. Carpogonium-bearing branch in middle of carposporophyte zone.
Chantransia phase in tufts; branches attenuated at base, alternate, sometimes unilateral above, shaped like an artist’s brush.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 18:18:27 2013-04-25 16:16:57 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:185:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:660 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: western Germany, Europe
Distribution: Europe: Belgium, France, Germany; North America: U.S.A.
2013-04-16 18:18:27 2013-04-25 16:16:57 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:184:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants arising at the ends of a principal axis of the chantransia phase, or on a short branch, restricted to the base, of a violet color when young, sometimes fading out in age, young ones becoming black when dry. Plants 8-15 cm high, unstalked, unbranched or very rarely branched, with the branches fasciculate and developing from carpogonium-bearing branches in the middle of the carposporophyte zone; up to 2 mm in diameter at nodes, concave in internodes. Sexual segments regularly constricted. Papillae in nodal rings, at the time of fertilization of a lighter color than the adjacent parts when in water, broad, usually regular, sometimes interrupted near the base, forming large rings. Spermatangial zone sometimes enlarging after fertilization by hypertrophy of the tissue at the base of the spermatangia. Carposporophytes developed in the middle of carposporophyte zone.
Chantransia phase 2-3 m long of a dark violet color unless faded with age, cells 30-40 mm in diameter, filaments of nearly the dame diameter throughout, branching below alternate, then unilateral, alternate or rarely opposite.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 18:18:46 2013-04-25 15:15:15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:184:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:659 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Saale River, Germany, Europe.
Distribution: Europe: France, Germany; North America: U.S.A., Canada; South America: Brazil, Argentina.
2013-04-16 18:18:46 2013-04-25 15:15:15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:183:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:657 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology MorphologyPlants 2.9-7.1 cm long, 0.34-0.67 mm in diameter, stalked and very branched (0-18). Spermatangia in circular patches on nodes. Internal structure consisting of a central axis without cortical filaments and T- or L-shaped ray cells applied to the outer cortex.
2013-04-16 18:18:54 2013-04-25 15:15:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:183:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:657 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Concheo River, New Jersey, U.S.A., North America.
Distribution: type locality, Page and Polk Arkansas, U.S.A., North America.
2013-04-16 18:18:54 2013-04-25 15:15:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:182:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants before maturity olivaceous, or yellowish-green, sometimes dark violet, sometimes reddening the water in which they stand, confined to the basal cell of the chantransia phase or arising from the middle branching. When young, usually preserve color when drying. In age, drying yellowish, greenish, or blackish; from 2-40 cm long, very delicate or stout, which an abrupt contraction at the beginning of the fertile portion, marked in stout specimens; simple or very much branchs; branches distributed all along the main axis of the plants; main axis reaching beyond the branched and easily traced, or indistinguishable from them; branches unilateral, or fasciculate or both; when profusely branched, the final branches slender, often capillary, becoming stouter in age by the breaking away of the capillary apices. Carposporophyte zone nearly cylindrical, or constricted in the middle; spermatangial papillae plane or prominent, so that the plants vary from cylindrical to torulose, or with regularly recurring whorls of prominent papillae. Papillae in verticils of 2 to 7, sometimes irregular, often confluent, sometimes increasing after fertilization by hypertrophy of the tissue beneath the spermatangia, so that they are very prominent in age, sometimes less prominent after fertilization; carposporophyte zone in some specimens strongly constricted just above the spermatangial zone, so that with the next spermatangial zone it appears nearly clavate, more strongly so in age and towards the distal end of the plants. Spermatangial zones sometimes distant, sometimes rather near each other. Carpogonium-bearing branch developed in and near the spermatangial zone, never in the middle of carposporophyte zone, so that at maturity the clusters of spores alternate with the sterile middle portion of carposporophyte zone; spores when mature giving a darker color to the plants.
Chantransia phase producing extensive mats or individual tufts, greenish or bluish-green, 1-2 mm long, primary branches usually alternate, final branching unilateral, alternate, or sometimes opposite or slightly fasciculate, sometimes pilose, filaments not much attenuated at base, 15-35 mm in diameter.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 18:18:20 2013-04-25 15:15:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:182:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: rapid streams between Vitre and Fougeres, France, Europe.
Distribution: Europe: France, Belgium; North America: eastern U.S.A, Canada.
2013-04-16 18:18:20 2013-04-25 15:15:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:181:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants confined to lower cells of chantransia phase, or in the middle branching. Fertile plants usually 5-30 cm high, irregularly and usually very often simple, frequently branched, branches often fasciculate, arcuate, long, slender-pedicelled, narrowed abruptly towards the base and transformed into a thin, cylindrical stalk; nodes fairly distinct. Terminal hairs usually absent, sometimes abundant. Colour blackish-, brownish- or yellowish olive or blackish violet, usually reddening in the water in which they stand, after drying black. Spermatangial papillae usually 3 or 4 in number, more or less prominent, in mature filaments usually less so, well separated and of about the same shape and size, occasionally more irregular and partly confluent. Spermatangial zone 300-1200(-1600) mm in diameter, the papillae included. Carposporophyte zone cylindrical, slightly thinner initially that spermatangial zones, at maturity slightly broader at the middle, 250-750(-1100) mm in diameter at the middle. Internodes 1000-3000(-4000) mm long, 3.3-8 times longer than the diameter at the middle portion. Carpogonium-bearing branches developed all along the generative filaments from the first cell as well as from the cells in the spermatangial zone.
Chantransia stage composed of irregularly branched threads interweaving to a disc and upright filaments of limited resistance. Upright filaments in dense tuft, more or less sparsely and irregularly branched, alternate, final branching sometimes opposite or fasciculate, hairs composed of cylindrical cells. Cells 15-22 mm in diameter and 2.5-4 times longer than diameter. Terminal hairs of varying length may occur. Monosporangia unknown.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 18:18:39 2013-04-25 15:15:58 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:181:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:654 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Ruisseau de Beaufort, France, Europe.
Distribution: Europe: France, Belgium; Asia: China; North America: Canada, U.S.A.
2013-04-16 18:18:39 2013-04-25 15:15:58 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:180:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:653 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants evenly tufted, slender, little branched, 130-350 mm in diameter, 0.6-4.1 cm long; sterile basal portion 0.5-1 cm long, slender, unstalked, gradually tapering into the fertile portion, the transition very rarely abrupt. Spermatangial zone when young prominently tubercuate with 2-5 spermatangial papillae, these disappearing in age so that the older plants are plane. Carposporophyte zone usually cylindrical, rarely constricted in the middle, sometimes slightly so near the apex, the result being that in age, with the disappearance of the spermatangial papillae, the plants are nearly or quite cylindrical, the younger and middle-aged ones appearing slightly nodes. Carposporophytes arising in both are spermatangial zone and carposporophyte zone, but not quite reaching the middle of the carposporophyte zone. Carpospores in tuft throughout the entire length of the ellipsoidal to oblong, 18-25 mm in diameter, 25-45 mm long. Chantransia phase, dull green when dry, represent only by fragments at season when collected but filaments 18-25 mm in diameter; cells 35-45 long, often slightly constricted at the septa, the spores sometimes blue and darkening.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 18:18:01 2013-04-24 15:15:40 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:180:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:653 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Newfoundland, Canada, North America.
Distribution: North America: Canada, northern and western U.S.
2013-04-16 18:18:01 2013-04-24 15:15:40 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:179:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants occurring inclumes of some 10-20 erect axes subtended by a firm basal cushion of uniseriate filaments. Erect plants are olive-green, cylindrical, and 14-33 mm long by .5-1.5 mm in diameter. Axes producing short lateral branches only rarely and having smooth srfaces without nodulation, .5-1.5 mm in diameter. Each axial cell produces four periaxial cells and successive periaxial cells are orthositchous. The periaxial cells further divide and differentiate to produce longitudinal medullar filaments which then give rise to radial cortical filaments. Attachment rhizoidal filaments arise from the periaxial cells in the basal peortion. Ascending and descending medullar filaments derived from the axial cells do not densely surround the axial cell. Ultimately, the medulla becoming a mass of tangled medullar filaments, up to several hundred in cross-sections of mature axes, each 7-15 mm in diameter, enveloping a thick-walled (to 5 mm), axial cell, ca. 23 mm in diameter. Medullar filaments producing lateral, initially short, fascicles from an intermodal portion of the cell. The cortex appearing to be mostly adventitious and is relatively cohesive and firm, condidting of filaments 4 or 5 cells long and pseudo- di- trichotomously branching. Cortical filaments are sometimes terminated with a unicellular hair up to 60 mm long. In older plants, continuing growth of the cortical filaments resulting in numerous free-standing series, up to 12 cells long, of ellipsoidal cells. Inflated cells, 12-20 mm in diameter and 16-28 mm long often forming at th end of the external filaments and resembling chains of sporangia, but evidence of spore release no present. Adventitious plantlets, however, arising directly from some of these exogenous filaments, both as direct extension of attached filaments and on those which broken off in culture. In older plants, clumps of new multiserate plants sometimes arising from the thallus surface. “
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 18:18:09 2013-04-23 18:18:16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:179:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:651 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Australia.
Distribution: Australia, New Zealand.
2013-04-16 18:18:09 2013-04-23 18:18:16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:178:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants tufted, monoecious, mucilaginous, 1-4 cm high, 250-1000 mm in diameter, irregularly, radially alternate, rarely oppositely or pseudodichotomously branched, olive-green to brown; whorls confluent to apex of plants. Cortical filaments and secondary fascicles very abundant. Fascicles cells cylindrical, fusiform to ellipsoidal, terminal hairs rare or common; proximal cells often with swollen ends, distal cells ellipsoidal to obovoidal, no differentiation of cell size and shape of cortical filaments; secondary fascicles numerous, covering all internodes; spermatangia globular, 2-3 mm in diameter, terminal on specialized laterals arising from periaxial cells; carpogonium-bearing branches curved, consisting of 4-9 cells, arising from periaxial cells and all but distal cells of fascicles; involcral filaments short; carpogonia 4-6 mm in diameter at the base, 35-55 mm long, trichogyne elongate, clavate, often protruding through fascicles; indeterminate growth spreading through fascicles, producing carposporangium-bearing laterals in cymose clusters at whorls surface; carposporangia ellipsoidal or obovoidal, 7-12 mm in diameter, 10-15 mm long.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 17:17:51 2013-04-29 14:14:16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:178:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:649 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Australia.
Distribution: Australia.
2013-04-16 17:17:51 2013-04-29 14:14:16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:177:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:648 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants tufted, monoecious, mucilaginous, .5-7 cm high, 100-600 mm in diameter, profusely or sparingly branched, brown-red to olive-green; whorls usually slightly separated in young primary plants but confluent below. Cortical filaments and secondary fascicles very abundant. Primary fascicles di- tri- and tetrachotomously branched; secondary fascicles of similar structure and abundant; cells lunate, ellipsoidal to globular; proximal cells cylindrical to obovoidal; distal cells forming densely consolidated outer layer over markedly laxer inner cortex, terminal hairs common on fascicle, at times absent; spermatangia globular, 3-4 mm in diameter, terminal on specialized laterals arising from periaxial cells; carpogonium-bearing branches curved, consisting of 4-9 cells, arising from periaxial cells and cortical filaments but not from cells of fascicles; involucral filaments short; carpogonia 4-6 mm in diameter at the base, 20-40 mm long, trichogyne cylindrical or elongate clavate; carposporophytes indefinite in shape, consisting of branched gonimoblast filament of unlimited growth spreading through fascicles, producing carposporangium-bearing laterals in cymose clusters at whorl surface; carposporangia obovoidal or rarely ellipsoidal, 6-10 mm in diameter, 8-14 mm long, produced in profusion at surface of whorls.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 17:17:28 2013-04-23 17:17:55 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:177:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:648 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: New Zealand.
Distribution: Australia, New Zealand.
2013-04-16 17:17:28 2013-04-23 17:17:55 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:176:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants trioecious, richly mucilaginous, 2-10 cm high, 200-300 mm in diameter, more or less abundantly and irregularly branched, yellowish green. Whorls small, ellipsoidal, separated each other in male plants, finally pear-shaped or confluent. Primary fascicles 8-10 cell-storeys, cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped, ellipsoidal or obovoidal, terminal hairs present. Secondary fascicles numerous, finally reaching length of primary ones. Spermatangia spherical, 5-6 mm in diameter, terminal on fascicles. Carpogonium-bearing branches, short, consisting of 2-5 barrel-shaped more of less iso-diametrical cells, arising from periaxial cells. Involucral filaments short, consisting of ellipsoidal cells. Carpogonia with a hemispherical protuberance on one side of basal portion, 30-40 mm long, trichogyne ellipsoical, finally cylindrical or spatula-shaped more or less distinctly stalked. Carposporophytes indefinite in shape, gonimoblast filament irregularly branched, arising from the opposite side (dorsal side) of a basal hemispherical protuberance of carpogonium, creeping along cortical filaments. Carposporangia obovoidal to elongated pear-shaped, 5-8 mm in diameter, 10-12 mm long. “
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 17:17:13 2013-04-23 15:15:51 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:176:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Sweden, Europe.
Distribution: Europe: Sweden; Asia: Japan; Australia; New Zealand; North America: Canada, U.S.A.
2013-04-16 17:17:13 2013-04-23 15:15:51 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:175:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants dioecious, richly mucilaginous, 3-7 cm high, 250-400 mm in diameter, abundantly branched, bluish green; whorls ellipsoidal, separated from each other when young, afterwards pear-shaped and confluent due to development of secondary fascicles; primary fascicles abundantly branched, 3-10 cell-storeys, cells oboical, ellipsoical, lanceolate, obovoidal, 5-6 mm in diameter, 7-15 mm long, terminal hairs rare; secondary fascicles numerous, finally reaching the secondary fascicles; carpogonium-bearing branches short, consisting of 2-5 barrel-shaped cells, arising from periaxial cells; involucral filaments short, rare; carpogonia without a distinct hemispherical protuberance on one side of basal portion, 37-53 mm long, trichogyne elongate conical, club-shaped, more or less indistinctly stalked; carposporophytes indefinite in shape, gonimoblast filament irregularly branched, arising from the same side (ventral side) of a basal hemispherical protuberance of carpogonium, creeping along cortical filaments; carposporangia obovoidal, 6-8 mm in diameter, 10-13 mm long.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 17:17:31 2013-04-23 15:15:13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:175:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Angola, Africa.
Distribution: Africa; Asia: India, Malaysia, Indonesia; North America: southwestern U.S.A.
2013-04-16 17:17:31 2013-04-23 15:15:13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:174:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:643 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants dioecious, richly mucilaginous, 3-9 cm high, 140-300 mm in diameter, abundantly branched, bluish green. Whorls ellipsoidal, dinstant from each other when young, afterwards pear-shaped and confluent due to development of secondary fascicles. Primary fascicles abundantly branched, 4-6 cell-storeys, cells ellipsoidal or ovoidal, 5-6 mm in diameter, 7-15 mm long, terminal hairs rare. Secondary fascicles numerous. Spermatangia spherical, 4-5 mm in diameter, terminal of primary fascicles. Carpogonium-bearing branches short, 8-15 mm long, consisting of 3-5 barrel-shaped cells, arising from periaxial cells. Involucral filaments short, consisting of ellipsoidal cells. Carpogonia with a hemispherical protuberance on one side of basal portion, 25-30 mm long, trichogyne cylindrical, distinctly stalked. Caprosporophytes indefinite in shape, gonimoblast filament irregularly branched, arising from the same side (ventral side) of a basal hemispherical protuberance of carpogonium, creeping along cortical filaments. Caprosporangia spherical, 6-8 mm in diameter.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 16:16:49 2013-04-23 15:15:39 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:174:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:643 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Indonesia, Asia.
Distribution: Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia.
2013-04-16 16:16:49 2013-04-23 15:15:39 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:173:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants bushy, about 2.5-5 cm high, about 2 mm in diameter, reaching 5 mm in diameter at the base, branched irregularly. Axial cell filament covered with compact cortical cell filaments of parenchymous type. Outer cortex not distinct. Whorl branches abundantly branched at the ends, their branching in close contact with branching of neighboring whorls. Spermatangia, small, ovoid, 1 or 2 terminating on lateral branch, 3.5-4.0(-5.5-6) mm long. Carpogonium-bearing branches short, arising from periaxial cells and or cells of fascicles. Carpogonia 38-43 mm long, asymmetrical with elongate conical or club-shaped trichogynes, 9-10 mm in diameter. Carposporophytes definite in shape. Caprosporangia terminating on the gonimoblast filaments growing radially from gonimoblast placenta, 9-10 mm in diameter, 15-16 mm long.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:40 2013-04-23 15:15:12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:173:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:664 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: U.S.A., North America.
Distribution: Africa: South Africa; North America: Canada, U.S.A.
2013-04-16 15:15:40 2013-04-23 15:15:12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:172:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:634 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants dioecious, dark brown, firm to rigid; apicies obtuse, apical cell protruding through primary fascicles. Fascicle whorls ovoidal, to pyriform (occasionally barrel-shaped or cylindrical in older plants), 150-450 µm in diameter, confluent; internodes 200-500 µm long. Axis colourless to brown, axial cells 9-23 µm in diameter, cortical filaments 6-34 µm in diameter, consisting of mostly inflated, ellipsoidal cells. Secondary fascicles common, not a long as primary fascicles. Primary fascicles 2-6 per periaxial cell (2 or 3 fascicles borne at apex of cell, 2-4 produced laterally), more of less straight distally of 3-6 cell storeys; branching 3-7 times 2-4-chotomous (rarely more); proximal cells irregularly cylindrical, ellipsoidal or obovoidal, 4-16 µm in diameter, 12-65 µm long; intermediate cells cylindrical, or ellipsoidal to obovoidal-spherical, 5-13 µm in diameter, 8-60 µm long; distal cells conical-spherical to spherical, 3-14 µm in diameter, 3-15 µm long. Hairs short or absent. Spermatangia abundant, borne on primary fascicles and secondary fascicles, scattered, spherical 5-6 µm in diameter. Carpogonium-bearing branch sometimes slightly curved, arising from discoid to cubed (or somewhere turbinate), ca. 6 µm in diameter, ca. 6 µm long. Involucral filaments common, 1-3 cells long, not extending beyond carpogonium. Carpogonium usually more or less straight, base symmetrical, 20-56 µm long, 3-6 µm in diameter at base, trichogyne sessile, radially symmetrical, club-shaped to elongate-ellipsoidal, 5-8 µm in diameter at broader part. Carposporophyte diffuse, difficult to observe, consisting of apparently obovoidal or ellipsoidal, 5-9 µm in diameter, 8-15 µm long. Chanstransia phase always abundant. Epiphytic Audouinella (cells 3 µm in diameter, ca. 25 µm long) observed in some specimens.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:22 2013-04-18 20:20:46 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:172:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:634 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Australia.
Distribution: Australia.
2013-04-16 15:15:22 2013-04-18 20:20:46 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:170:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:633 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants moneocious (rarely dioecious), 2-4 cm high, grass-green (yellow-green when dry); apicies acute or obtuse, apical cell protruding from, more or less flush with, or embedded within primary fascicles. Fascicle whorls usually conical or cylindrical, sometimes spherical or barrel-shaped, 102-759(-2000) mm in diameter; confluent or separated; internodes 125-540 mm long. Axial cells colourless (rarely brownish), 18-57 mm in diameter; cortical filaments cylindrical (swelling only where secondary fascicles arise), 6-14 mm in diameter, in several layers in older plants (sometimes free from axial cells and extending through whorl). Secondary fascicles rare to common, sometimes as long as primary fascicles. Primary fascicles 3 or 4 per periaxial cell, more or less straight distally, of 4-26 cell storeys; branching di- or trichotomous, 2-5 times; proximal cell cylindrical, ellipsoidal or obovoidal, 11-43 mm long, 3-15 mm in diameter; intermediate cells ellipsoidal, fusiform or obovoidal (rarely cylindrical), 7-44 mm long, 4-11 mm in diameter; distal cells ellipsoidal or obovoidal, 5-15 mm long, 4-9 mm in diameter; hairs 8-130 mm long. Monosporangia absent. Spermatangia on primary or secondary fascicles, sometimes on shorts, specialized filaments (aborted carpogonial branches), rarely on involucral filaments, clustered or scattered, spherical, 5-10 mm in diameter. Carpogonium-bearing branch arising from usually 3-7 cells from the periaxial cell, rarely from intercalary cells of fascicles, rarely slightly curved, consisting of 2-6 (rarely more) modified cells, these barrel-shaped, ellipsoidal, cylindrical or discoid, 5-14 mm long, 6-12 mm in diameter. Involucral filaments arising from all modified cells bearing carpogonium, 1-5 cells long, usually not extending beyond carpogonium. Carpogonium more or less straight, 30-78 mm long, (3-)5-11 mm in diameter at base, trichogyne sessile, radially symmetrical, usually club-shaped (occasionally lumpy), 6-15 mm in diameter at broadest part. Carposporophytes 1 or 2 per whorl, in inner and outer cortex and sometimes exserted from whorl, usually semi-spherical (sometimes spherical), compact or loose, 115-348 mm in diameter, 0.3-2.3 times whorl radium, center 0-130 mm from node; gonimoblast filaments usually audouinelloid, 2-9 cells long; post-fertilization cells of carpogonium-bearing branch spherical, barrel-shaped or somewhat turbinate, often producing rhizoidal filaments soon after fertilization. Carposporangia obovoidal (rarely spherical or tadpole-shaped), 17-33 mm long, 10-18 mm in diameter.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:12 2013-04-17 16:16:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:170:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:633 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Australia.
Distribution: Eastern Australia.
2013-04-16 15:15:12 2013-04-17 16:16:06 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:168:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:637 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants monoecious, dioecious with brownish main axis; barrel-chaped, confluent whorls, 306-794 mm in diameter with 7-21 primary fascicles. Carpogonium-bearing branches composed of 1-5 short cells arising from periaxial or proximal cell of fascicle branch. Carpogonium 40.2-79.0 mm long with pedicellate, cylindrical to slightly club-shaped trichogynes, 4.8-13.7 mm in diameter. Carposporophytes axial, 120-415 mm in diameter and 102-420 mm high and with 1-8 cylindrical gonimoblast cells. Carposporangia obovoidal, 5.3-16.9 mm in diameter and 9.8-27.6 mm long.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:21 2013-04-22 18:18:32 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:168:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:637 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: France, Europe.
Distribution: Europe: France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden; Asia: China, Korea, Japan; North America: Canada, U.S.A.; South America: Brazil.
2013-04-16 15:15:21 2013-04-22 18:18:32 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:166:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology“Plants monoecious, very mucilaginous, deep bluish green, 2-7 cm high, 300 mm in diameter, more or less abundantly and irregularly branched; whorls spherical or ellipsoidal, more or less separated; primary fascicles sparsely branched; 7-11 cell-storeys, cells cylindrical, 4-7 mm in diameter, 7-15 mm long, terminal hairs absent; secondary fascicles numerous, sparsely branched; spermatangia spherical, termnal on laterals or shortened branchlets, 4-6 mm in diameter; carpogonium-bearing branches arising from periaxial cells, 25-40 mm long, consisting of 6-8 barrel-shaped cells; carpogonia 4-5mm in diameter at the base, 6-9 mm in diameter at the apex, 17-25 mm long, trichogyne ovoid or urn-shaped, distinctly stalked; carposporophytes 2-3, centrally inserted in whorls, spherical, or hemispherical; carposporangia ellipsoidal or ovoid, 8-11 mm in diameter, 13-15 mm long.”
Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress Ltd. 375pp.
2013-04-16 15:15:01 2013-04-17 15:15:17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:166:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:630 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Malaysia, Asia.
Distribution: Malaysia, Asia (type locality only).
2013-04-16 15:15:01 2013-04-17 15:15:17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:155:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching pseudodichotomous and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 2.0-5.0 cm high, 250-410 µm in diameter. Whorls reduced, barrel-shaped, distinct, becoming indistinct and confluent in older parts. Internode 200-500 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2-3 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 4-7(-9) cell-storeys, proximal cells elongate-elliptical or elongate-cylindrical L/D 5-10; distal cells elliptical, L/D 3-6; branching di- or trichotomous. Secondary fascicles few or abundant, covering less than half of internode length and shorter than primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or sub-spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches curved, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 3-6 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 25.0-35.0 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped, stalked, 6.0-11.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius or rarely reaching the whorl radius, 150-250 µm in diameter, 80-175 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-5(-6) cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or elliptical; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 12.0-15.0 µm long, 7.0-11.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
2013-03-25 15:15:09 2013-03-25 15:15:09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:155:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:610 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Louisiana, U.S.A.
Distribution: North America: U.S.A.
2013-03-25 15:15:09 2013-03-25 15:15:09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:156:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, delicate; branching irregular and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicle tips; 2.0-3.0 cm high, 250-550 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and confluent, obconic or barrel-shaped. Internode 350-650 µm long. Pericentral cells ovoid with 2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles straight, 8-11 cell-storeys; proximal cells cylindrical, elliptical or fusiform, L/D 3.5-7.5; distal cells elliptical or obovoid, L/D 1.5-3.0; branching dichotomous. Secondary fascicles abundant, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia sub-spherical or spherical, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 6.0-7.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches, helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 4-6 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 20-25 µm long; trichogyness obovoid, stalked or unstalked, 9.0-11.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, loose, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 200-250 µm in diameter, 100-130 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia obovoid, 12.0-20.0 µm in length, 10.0-12.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
2013-03-25 15:15:15 2013-03-25 15:15:15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:156:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: New Caledonia
Distribution: New Caledonia
2013-03-25 15:15:15 2013-03-25 15:15:15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:157:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, rigid; branching pseudodichotomous and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 2.0-5.0 cm high, 150-300 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconical or barrel-shaped, compressed and indistinct in older parts. Internode 150-300 µm long. Pericentral cells spherical with 1-2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 2-3 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles audouinelloid, curved, 10-15 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical, L/D 2.5-5.0; distal cells cylyndrical or barrel-shaped, L/D 1.5-3.0; branching unilateral. Secondary fascicles abundant, curved, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or obovoid, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 4.0-6.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-10 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 35.0-45.0 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped or elliptical, unstalked, 7.0-10.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes 1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 80-220 µm in diameter, 35-190 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; carposporangia spherical or sub-spherical, 8.0-12.0 µm long, 6.0-10.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
2013-03-25 15:15:13 2013-03-25 15:15:13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:157:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Malaysia
Distribution: Malaysia and Micronesia
2013-03-25 15:15:13 2013-03-25 15:15:13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:154:tid_chapter:279 batrach:tid:609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Morphology"Plants moderately mucilaginous, rigid; branching pseudodichotomous and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 1.5-6.0 cm high, 350-700 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconical, compressed and indistinct in older parts. Internode 150-500 µm long. Pericentral cells spherical, 1-2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles audouinelloid, curved, 12-20 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical, L/D 2.5-5.0; distal cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped, L/D 1.5-3.5; branching unilateral or alternate. Secondary fascicles abundant, curved, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.
Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or obovoid, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, rarely on involucral filaments, 5.0-8.0 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-10 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 2-5 cell-storeys; carpogonia 35.0-50 µm long; trichogynes club-shaped or elliptical, unstalked, 7.0-10.0 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes1 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, higher than the whorl radius, 350-800 µm in diameter, 250-500 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 7-10 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia obovoid or sub-spherical, 13.0-19.0 µm long, 10.0-17.0 µm in diameter."
Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.
2013-03-25 15:15:16 2013-03-25 15:15:23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced batrach:nid:154:tid_chapter:287 batrach:tid:609 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution DistributionType Locality: Brazil
Distribution: Brazil
2013-03-25 15:15:16 2013-03-25 15:15:23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Thrush, Mariah cab5cb90aa79aa44947ef6116a3a4ced 24718119 batrach:tid:611 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage Morphological description of K. novaecaledonensis Morphological description of K. novaecaledonensis