identifier taxonID type format CVterm title description furtherInformationURL language audience UsageTerms Owner bibliographicCitation agentID accessURI thumbnailURL CreateDate phytokeys.40.7973.sp_1_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nCreeping shrubs, shrubs, small or tall trees with or without lignotubers and rhizomes. Leaves mostly alternate, opposite in a few species. Inflorescences reduced conflorescences (botrya) usually pseudoterminal, globose to spiciform or cylindrical bearing sessile to subsessile flowers, otherwise corymbiform to elongate, with pedicellate flowers rarely reduced to solitary. Flowers 5-merous, red, pink, purple, yellow or white, free part of hypanthium usually exceeding the ovary summit. Calyx persistent in fruit. Petals free often much reduced. Stamens mostly numerous, in one or more series, exceeding petals or included; filaments finely striated, anthers versatile. Ovary mostly 2–3-locular sometimes up to 5–6-locular; placentation axillary and ovules spreading, numerous, to apical with few larger pendent ovules. Fruit a capsule, usually loculicidal, mostly dry, rarely indehiscent or fleshy, not persisting. Chromosome number: 2n = 22 based on x = 11 (Dawson 1987; de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nAustralia: c.54 spp. (all endemic) New Zealand: 10 spp. (all endemic). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 4, 5, 6). Growth habit mostly trees up to 18 m, sometimes (such as on ultramafic rocks and soils) decumbent and trailing forming shrubs up to 2 × 1 m. Plants with tree-habit usually rather slender and gracile with a somewhat spreading canopy; those in exposed conditions branching at or close to the trunk base, while those growing in dense stands or sheltered sites usually with the lower half devoid of branches. Plants with a decumbent habit usually heavily branched, not rooting on contact with soil. Trunk 1(–4) arising from the ground, 0.10–0.60(–0.85) m d.b.h., mostly erect, slender, weakly flexuose; often basally buttressed, mature trees usually devoid of branches for the first 1–2(–4) m; decumbent plants with scarcely discernible trunk due to branches arising from or close to the base; basal portion of trunks covered with layers of somewhat firm to semi-detached, weakly tessellated, short to long, ± irregularly tabular lengths of subcoriaceous brown-grey to greyish-white bark. Bark early bark chartaceous to subcoriaceous, brown to grey-brown, ± elongate, usually bearing a few transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise remaining firmly attached, margins elongate sinuous, ± entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark similar though more distinctly corky subcoriaceous, often coarsely tessellated or broken in long elongate sections, otherwise remaining firmly attached, if detaching then usually doing so along transverse cracks, and peeling inwards and upwards to leave distinct layers of elongate to coarsely tabular, chartaceous, flakes that are centrally attached, with sinuous margins; upper bark surface usually with much secondary peeling, these flakes similar to primary flakes but more distinctly chartaceous, smaller, narrowly elongate with widely sinuous margins; bark usually crumbling readily in hand, and breaking readily if pulled hard into numerous, small, ± tabular to distinctly irregular flakes. Branches depending on growth habit and situation, numerous, initially arising from close to or at trunk base but as plants mature basally thinning such that branches are retained only in the upper half of the tree; usually rather slender, initially ascending but soon spreading, with apices often distinctly pendulous, branch bases mostly clean, sometimes congested by partially decorticated bark; branchlets numerous, usually rather slender, gracile, initially ascending, soon spreading, terminal growth erect or pendulous; initially bright green or bronze green, sometimes red, ± quadrangular to subterete, glabrescent; new growth sericeous, indumentum initially copious, soon sparse, deciduous, hairs divergent 0.02–0.05 mm long, hyaline to translucent (appearing silvery-white when young maturing silver-grey), apices straight not curled or curved; leaves of branchlets densely crowded along stems and brachyblasts; brachyblasts usually closely spaced, though in vigorous new growth they are sometimes quite widely spaced. Vegetative buds inconspicuous, usually obscured from view by surrounding leaves; at resting stage 0.5–0.8 mm diam. narrowly to broadly ovoid; scales often persistent; (0.4–)1.1 mm long, dark red-brown, broadly ovate, ovate-lanceolate grading through to lanceolate, rostrate to cuspidate; midrib strongly keeled, with one row of 4–8 oil glands on either side of midrib; scales glabrous except for the margins and apex; these densely invested in white, silky hairs. Leaves homophyllous; sessile, lamina surfaces glabrous, margins and the basal, adaxial portion of the midrib hairy (especially on young leaves); densely crowded (particularly toward apices) along branchlets and brachyblasts; initially obliquely ascending, mostly suberect to spreading when mature; lamina (4.0–)13.5(–25.0) × (0.5–)1.1(–1.8) mm, bright green to yellow-green, rarely dark green, adaxial surface often glossy when fresh, drying dull, abaxial surface paler; lamina linear, linear-lanceolate, to narrowly lanceolate, straight or with distal quarter weakly recurved, apex acute, sometimes cuspidate, base attenuate; adaxial lamina surface flat to weakly concave, without obvious oil glands, midrib very slightly raised near base, otherwise scarcely evident, basal portion finely and sparsely covered with deciduous, antrorse-appressed sericeous hairs; abaxial surface flat to weakly convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 200; midrib glabrous, usually not evident when fresh, sometimes weakly raised just near base, often not evident when dry but sometimes discernible as a slight groove for entire length; lamina margins initially very finely sericeous, becoming glabrate or glabrous; hairs when present antrorse-appressed, forming a fine, often discontinuous band failing just short of lamina apex, otherwise decurrent along leaf bases. Perules deciduous or persistent, (0.6–)0.8(–1.5) mm, initially squamiform, becoming foliose toward first flower, dark red-brown, broadly ovate, ovate-lanceolate grading through to lanceolate, rostrate to cuspidate; midrib strongly keeled, with one row of 4–12 oil glands on either side of midrib; glabrous except for the margins and apex; these densely invested in white, sericeous hairs. Inflorescence mostly a compact corymbiform to shortly elongate (3–)8(–15)-flowered botryum up to 60 mm long; usually on brachyblasts with the terminal shoot corymbiform or extending as a slightly longer (up to 80 mm long) 6–15-flowered, elongate botryum with flowers usually crowded, terminal portion usually bearing undeveloped flowers and active vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested with short, weakly divergent silky hairs. Pherophylls foliose ± persistent, 1 per flower; lamina (3.0–)6.7(–7.8) × (0.9–)1.1(–1.4) mm, leaf-like pherophylls bright green (rarely dark green) elliptic, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, apex acute, base attenuate; adaxial surface weakly concave to flat, oil glands scarcely evident up to 10; midrib scarcely evident at base only, surface glabrous; abaxial surface weakly convex or flat, oil glands up to 30; midrib scarcely evident at base only, lamina margin glabrescent, hairs as for leaf margins. Pedicels (1.6–)2.7(–3.8) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, usually glabrous, very rarely sparsely covered with divergent to weakly sericeous hairs. Flower buds pyriform to narrowly obconic, apex of mature buds weakly domed to flat, calyx lobes distant, not touching. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (4.1–)6.3(–8.3) mm diam. Hypanthium (1.4–)2.1(–3.2) × (1.9–)2.9(–4.1) mm, with free portion (0.4–)0.6(–1.0) mm long, bright green, bronze-green or yellow-green mottled with red; sharply obconic, apex terminating in a usually dark pink or crimson chartaceous rim bearing five persistent suberect to spreading calyx lobes (rim usually drying dark maroon to maroon-black); external hypanthium surface smooth, glabrous (very rarely glabrescent with basal quarter finely and sparsely covered with minute weakly antrorse hairs); oil glands, conspicuous, ± colourless; ribs not evident when fresh, conspicuous (along with venation) when dry. Calyx lobes 5, suberect to spreading, subcoriaceous, (0.4–)0.7(–1.0) × (0.4–)0.8(–1.0) mm, persistent, orbicular, obtuse to broadly deltoid, red-green, pink or crimson, keel not evident in fresh material, becoming prominent when dried, oil glands conspicuous, ± colourless, margins glabrous or finely ciliate; cilia white. Receptacle green or pink at anthesis, darkening to crimson or dark magenta after fertilisation. Petals 5, (1.4–)2.2(–2.6) × (1.5–)2.2(–2.9) mm, white (often drying yellow), orbicular, suborbicular to narrowly ovate, spreading, apex rounded, margins often incurved, entire or very finely denticulate, oil glands usually not evident when fresh, ± colourless. Stamens (10–)18–24(–34) in 1–2 weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacle rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens (2–)3(–5), antisepalous 2–3(–4). Antipetalous stamens outcurved usually with distal portion slightly incurved, on filaments 1.6–2.8 mm long, inner stamens if present, confined to the bases of the outermost antipetalous pair, 0.8–1.2 mm, incurved. Antisepalous stamens shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, 0.6–1.2 mm, weakly to strongly incurved, rarely erect or outcurved, often in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.35–0.48 × 0.16–0.24 mm, broadly ellipsoid, latrorse. Pollen white (14.1–)14.6(–17.3) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, pink or pinkish-orange when fresh, drying red to orange, ± spheroidal to pyriform, ± immersed to half of length between anthers, ± coarsely papillate. Ovary (4–)5 locular, each with 16–21(–24) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 1.5–2.2 mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly after anthesis, white, rarely basally flushed pink; stigma capitate, about 1¼ × the style diam., flat, cream or white, flushing pink after anthesis, surface very finely granular-papillate. Fruits rarely persistent, (1.9–)2.7(–3.4) × (1.8–)2.8(–3.9) mm, glabrous, initially dark green to reddish-green, maturing brown to grey-brown to grey-black; in all types fading with age to pale greyish-white, cupular, barrel-shaped, shortly cylindrical to hemispherical, calyx valves usually erect with the apices incurved, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 1.00(–1.05) × 0.32(–0.50) mm, usually curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute; base oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, obovoid, oblong, oblong-ellipsoid, or cylindrical and ± curved, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Nov–)Dec–Jan(–Mar). FT: Feb–Apr(–Aug). Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22 (see de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 7). Endemic, New Zealand, South Island (sea level–1600 m a.s.l.). Kunzea ericoides is endemic to the northern South Island north of and including the Wairau and Buller River catchments. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Lectotype of Leptospermum ericoides A.Rich. (held at l’Herbier du Laboratoire de Phanérogamie du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (P)). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12613.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12613.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Paralectotype of A Leptospermum ericoides (held at l’Herbier du Laboratoire de Phanérogamie du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (P)). B Enlargement of paralectotype label showing Achille Richard’s distinctive handwriting. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12614.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12614.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Distinguishing features of Kunzea ericoides. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 289138) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 289138) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 289138) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 289138) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 289138) F Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 289138) G Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 289138) H Leaf variation: (H1) Abel Tasman National Park, Astrolabe Roadstead, (AK 253380), (H2) Knuckle Hill (AK 289160) I Flower (top view) (AK 289138) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (AK 289138) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (AK 289138) L Style and stigma (AK 289138) M Stamen (AK 289138) N Dehisced fruit (AK 253380). Scale bars: (A, B, H) 10 mm; (C–F, I–N) 1 mm; (G) 0.5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12615.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12615.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea ericoides. A–G Branchlet indumentum (AK 253380; AK 289161); Seeds H–K (HR 3766 K Testa surface showing reticulum (CHR 3766). Scale bars: (A, C) 500 μm; (B, D, G, H, J–K) 100 μm; (E, F, I) 1 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12616.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12616.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.Kunzea ericoides. A Kunzea ericoides trees colonising old burn, South Island, north-west Nelson, Abel Tasman National Park, Awapoto River (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Flowering decumbent plant on windswept ridge line, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wakamarama Range, Knuckle Hill (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Young Kunzea ericoides tree, South Island, north-west Nelson, Marahau (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Mature Kunzea ericoides tree, South Island, north-west Nelson, Canaan Downs (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) E Flowering branchlets, South Island, eastern Nelson, Richmond Range, Hackett Creek (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) F Bark, South Island, eastern Nelson, Richmond Range, Hackett Creek (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) G Bark, South Island, north-west Nelson, Canaan Downs (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) H Flowering branchlet showing brachyblasts, leaves and few-flowered corymbiform botrya, South Island, north-west Nelson, Golden Bay, Pupu Springs (photo: M. D. Wilcox) I Close up of flowers, South Island, north-west Nelson, Golden Bay, Bishops Saddle (photo: G. M. Crowcroft). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12617.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12617.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2_p_6 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of Kunzea ericoides, Kunzea salterae, Kunzea sinclairii, Kunzea tenuicaulis, Kunzea toelkenii, Kunzea triregensis and Kunzea “Lottin Point”. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 9, 10, 11). Growth habit erect, initially columnar to tightly pyramidal, fastigiate, densely branched shrubs or trees 3–20 × 2–4 m developing with time into less densely branched, open pyramidal crowns; in very stable conditions growth habit changing in aged specimens to a more openly branched, flat-topped, divergent crown, with branches restricted to upper half to third of trunk. Trunk usually single, very rarely 2–3 arising from base, 0.10–0.45(–0.86) m d.b.h., often basally buttressed, with basal portion of trunk covered in numerous, curled, chartaceous bark remnants. Bark early bark chartaceous, greyish-white to pinkish-white, ± elongate, initially with few transverse cracks but soon becoming heavily cracked (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases), often crumpled, soon detaching as in-rolled, curled, sinuous, irregular pieces, with ± frayed margins, detached pieces often congregating in branch forks and forming deep drifts at trunk base; old bark similar though more distinctly chartaceous-corky, upper surface with much secondary peeling, transverse cracking and crumpling; detaching readily, with flakes often hanging in loose curled masses beneath main branch forks and along trunk, margins rather irregular, sinuous, very rarely somewhat tabular; early and old bark flakes crumbling readily in hand. Branches numerous, usually arising at or near trunk base; short and stout, obliquely ascending, fastigiate; branchlets numerous, very leafy with many brachyblasts, quadrangular, indumentum copious, sericeous; persistent, divergent 0.05–0.06(–0.08) μm, hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young maturing grey) apices curved or slightly curled. Vegetative buds usually inconspicuous and obscured by surrounding foliage; at resting stage 0.2–0.5(–1.3) mm diam.; scales scarious, deciduous, (0.3–)0.8(–1.3) mm long, yellow-brown to red-brown, ovate, ovate-deltoid to broadly deltoid-rostrate; midrib prominent, strongly keeled in upper half, prolonged to long cuspidate tip, lateral veins absent, oil glands usually absent, upper half of scale margins, keel, and keel apex ciliate. Leaves heterophyllous; seedling, subadult leaves and those of reversion shoots, spreading to patent; lamina (0.8–)5.2(–7.8) × (0.6–)0.8(–1.2) mm, red-green or pale green suffused with red, rarely bright green, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate; flat or involute, apex acute to obtuse, finely cuspidate; adult leaves usually densely aggregated along brachyblasts of branchlets, initially obliquely ascending to suberect, spreading; lamina (2.0–)3.7(–6.3) × (0.8–)1.1(–1.8) mm, dark glossy green or bronze-green, margins and base often flushed red, linear-oblanceolate, oblanceolate to obovate; strongly recurved from about half of total length, apex initially acute to subacute, maturing obtuse to rounded, often cuspidate; base attenuate; adaxial surface concave or flat, glandular punctate; oil glands up to 780, more evident when dry, midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, glabrous, very rarely with fine antrorse hairs near base; abaxial surface convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 180, more evident when dry; midrib flush with surface or depressed, glabrous, very rarely with a fine covering of silky, antrorse-appressed, antrorse to patent hairs near base; lamina margin sparsely hairy, hairs finely silky, flexuose, appressed to spreading, antrorse to subantrorse up to 0.08 mm long, hyaline to translucent, appearing as white to naked eye, aligned in one usually interrupted row failing well short of cuspidate leaf apex. Perules scarious, persistent, (0.3–)0.6(–1.0) mm; basal ones amber-brown to dark brown, broadly ovate, ovate-oblong, ± rostrate, apex acute, margins flat to involute especially in upper third, midrib weakly keeled, usually prolonged as a very short, deciduous, cuspidate apex, with one row of 4–12 oil glands on each side of midrib, glabrous except for finely ciliate margin and apex; intermediate perules deciduous, chartaceous, (0.2–)0.6(–0.8) mm long, initially pale brown to orange, upper perules usually pinkish-white when fresh, drying amber-brown to amber-orange, ovate to ovate-oblong, apex obtuse often appearing acute due to apical infolding, ± cuspidate, glabrous except for sparsely ciliate margin, weakly keeled, keel ± prolonged. Inflorescence a compact (1–)8(–12)-flowered corymbiform botryum up to 25 mm long, mostly borne on alternate, distinctly spiralled, basally densely leafy brachyblasts up to 15 mm long, each often bearing a terminal tuft of pherophylls and emergent leaves at anthesis; brachyblasts near branchlet apex usually subopposite; inflorescences at the ultimate branchlet terminus, uncommon, if present then often rather elongated and bearing well developed terminal vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested with divergent hairs. Pherophylls deciduous (falling very early), mostly foliose (rarely squamiform), 0.9–2.5 mm long, green to bronze-green, spathulate, spathulate-orbicular, rarely pandurate or lanceolate, margins and apex finely ciliate, grading into leaves at inflorescence axis apex. Pedicels (3.0–)3.5(–4.8) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, copiously invested in short, divergent to subantrorse, silky hairs. Flower buds clavate to pyriform, apex flat to weakly domed prior to bud burst with calyx valves not or scarcely meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (2.8–)5.2(–8.8) mm diam. Hypanthium (1.6–)2.0(–3.4) × (1.5–)1.9(–3.8) mm, with free portion 0.4–0.8 mm long, dark green or red-green, if green then basally flushed with red when fresh, drying brown-green to red-brown; urceolate to campanulate terminating in a distinctly thicker rim bearing five persistent calyx lobes; surface smooth, copiously dotted with red oil glands, finely puberulent to ± glabrescent, with weakly defined ridges leading up to calyx lobes (these becoming more distinct upon drying); hairs if present, very short, divergent. Calyx lobes 5, upright (not spreading), firmly fleshy, (0.8–)1.0(–1.2) × (0.7–)1.0(–1.2) mm, persistent, ovate to broadly ovate, weakly keeled (keel evident only in dried specimens, where it is seen as a slightly thicker, often pale yellow, green or pink, central ridge), central portion of lobe pale green or yellow-green, with margins usually cream to pale pink, surface glandular punctate, oil glands usually pink in exposed situations otherwise ± colourless, glabrous except for distinctly spreading, ciliate margins. Receptacle usually pink at anthesis, consistently darkening to dark crimson magenta after fertilisation. Petals 5(–6), 1.4–1.6(–2.0) × 1.2–1.6(–2.0) mm, white, sometimes basally flushed pink, narrowly orbicular to broadly ovate or cuneate, apex obtuse to rounded, margins ± frayed to finely and irregularly toothed, oil glands yellow when fresh, when dried very pale yellow to colourless. Stamens 20–26(–38) in 1(–2) weakly defined whorls, arising from the receptacle rim, filaments white occasionally tinged rose-pink toward base. Antipetalous stamens (2–)3(–4), antisepalous stamens (1–)3(–6). Outermost antipetalous stamens usually weakly incurved, on filaments 0.7–1.9 mm long, inner stamen if present, 0.3–0.8 mm, strongly or weakly incurved, sometimes strongly outcurved, very rarely a further 1–2 strongly incurved stamens, 0.3–0.6 mm long, may be present at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair. Antisepalous stamens much shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, 0.2–0.6 mm, usually incurved, rarely outcurved or in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.04–0.06 × 0.02–0.04 mm, testiculate to ellipsoid, latrorse. Pollen white (11.1–)12.4(–13.7) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, orange often flushed with rose when fresh, drying dark orange-brown or purple, spheroidal, distinctly papillate. Ovary 3–4(–5) locular, each with 10–18(–23) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 0.6–0.8(–1.2) mm long at anthesis, often elongating slightly after anthesis, white; stigma capitate, scarcely wider than style, usually flat to very weakly domed along margins with a basal central depression, greenish-white, cream or pale pink, surface finely papillate. Fruits rarely persistent (1.2–)2.1(–3.0) × (1.2–)2.1(–3.4) mm, light brown to grey, finely hairy, urceolate to shortly-campanulate, rarely cupular, splits concealed by dried, suberect to erect, free portion of hypanthium and incurved calyx lobes. Seeds 0.60–0.90(–1.00) × 0.48–0.50(–0.60) mm, narrowly oblong, oblong, oblong-obovate, curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute; base cuneate to oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Nov–)Jan–Feb(–May) FT: Jan–Dec. Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22 (see de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 12). Endemic, New Zealand, North and South Islands (30–2000 m a.s.l.). In the North Island present from about Te Kuiti, the Paeroa Range, Mt Tarawera and Kaingaroa Plain south through the Central Volcanic Plateau to the northern Aorangi Range. Absent from the high country west of Tongariro Forest, including Mt Taranaki/Egmont. In the South Island, present in the east from the upper Wairau River, and west from Karamea and the Wangapeka Valley inland along the upper Buller River and Nelson Lakes area, south through the main axial ranges to Sumner and the upper Hurunui catchment. Extending east into North Canterbury, particularly in the inland Hanmer, Emu and Amuri plains, thence present as isolated remnant stands on the Canterbury Plains. Otherwise apparently absent until Lakes Hawea and Wanaka from where it is locally present through portions of eastern Central Otago to about Roxburgh on the Clutha River and Nenthorn. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.Holotype of Kunzea serotina de Lange et Toelken (P. J. de Lange 6695, AK 297548). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12619.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12619.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.Distinguishing features of Kunzea serotina. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 282217) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 282217) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 282217) D Seedling (AK 286184) E Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 282217) F Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 282217) G Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 282217) H Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 282217) I Leaf variation within the same individual (ex cult. AK 282217) J Adaxial surface of pherophyll (ex cult. AK 282217) K Abaxial surface of pherophyll (ex cult. AK 282217) L Side view of pherophyll (ex cult. AK 282217) M Adaxial pherophylls apex (ex cult. AK 282217) N Pherophyll margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 282217) O Pherophylls variation within the same individual (ex cult. AK 282217) P Leaf variation: (P1) Mangatoetoenui Stream (AK 288142), (P2) Te Porere Redoubt (AK 288140), (P3) Medbury Scientific Reserve, (AK 288543), (P4) Maruia Springs (AK 289968), (P5) Lewis Pass (AK 287555), (P6) Bendigo Scenic Reserve (AK 289978) Q Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 282217) R Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 282217) S Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 282217) T Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 282217) U Stamens (ex cult. AK 282217) V Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 282217). Scale bars: (A, B, D, I, O, P) 10 mm; (C, E–G, J–M, Q–V) 1 mm; (H, N) 0.5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12620.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12620.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea serotina. A–E Branchlet indumentum (AK 285217) F–I Seeds (AK 289978) I Testa surface showing reticulum (AK 289978). Scale bars: (A, D, G) 1 mm; (B) 500 μm; (C, E, F, H) 100 μm; (I) 50 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12621.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12621.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.Kunzea serotina. A Kunzea serotina trees on ridge line, North Island, Kaweka Range, upper Makahikatoa Stream (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Kunzea serotina shrubs and trees in frost flat, North Island, Hauhangaroa Range, Moerangi (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Kunzea serotina tree, South Island, Medbury Scientific Reserve (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea serotina tree showing columnar growth habit and fastigiate, obliquely ascending branches, North Island, Rangitaiki Frost Flats, near Iwitahi (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Upper trunk bark and branching pattern, North Island, Rangitaiki Frost Flats, near Iwitahi (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Lower trunk bark, North Island, Rangitaiki Frost Flats, near Iwitahi (photo: P. J. de Lange) G Kunzea serotina showing characteristic branching pattern of the species, North Island, Rangitaiki Frost Flats, near Iwitahi (photo: P. J. de Lange) H Flowering branches, North Island, Tongariro Forest, Te Porere redoubt, (photo: P. J. de Lange) I Close up of flowering branchlet, North Island, Tongariro National Park, Oturere Stream (photo: J. E. Braggins). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12622.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12622.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 12.Distribution of Kunzea serotina. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12623.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12623.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 18, 19, 20). Growth habit decumbent, trailing subshrubs, shrubs or small trees 0.1–6.0(–8.0) × 2.0–6.0(–8.0) m. For specimens with a tree habit, crown widely spreading, often arching to somewhat pendulous. For specimens found around active fumaroles or on open, geothermally heated ground, growth habit varying from completely decumbent and densely branched, with stems sprawling across ground, to semi-erect, densely branched, widely spreading, often pendulous. Trunk in tree forms (1–)4–6 arising from base, 0.1–0.6 m d.b.h., these branching from close to base, with branches thinning in close canopies only; in decumbent plants trunk virtually indistinguishable, 0.01–0.10 m diam., trailing to semi-erect, curved and somewhat sinuous, in erect plants at first erect, soon widely spreading and curving to somewhat sinuous. Bark early bark greyish brown to brown, initially firm, somewhat sinuous-fluted, elongate, over time cracking transversely (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases), and with margins gradually detaching and rolling-in to present as easily detached, papery, narrowly short to long, somewhat irregular-margined flakes; old bark grey-brown to grey, chartaceous to mildly corky, flaking readily in short to long, usually narrow and slightly sinuous to irregular, tabular shards, these usually remaining attached in several places with the spaces between detached, cracked and more or less raised, upper bark surface often with much secondary peeling and transverse cracking, crumbling in hand easily. Branches numerous, rather narrow and long, often weakly flexuose, in decumbent plants prostrate, trailing, otherwise initially ascending, soon suberect to widely spreading, and arching, often pendulous; branchlets numerous, very leafy, rather slender, quadrangular, sericeous, with dense, silky indumentum; hairs persistent, divergent, weakly flexuose, 0.03–0.06(–0.08) mm, hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young maturing grey), hair apices more or less straight. Vegetative buds inconspicuous, usually obscured by surrounding foliage; at resting stage 0.5–1.0(–1.6) mm diam.; scales scarious, deciduous, (0.3–)0.8(–1.3) mm long, red-brown to dark brown, initially broadly ovate grading through to broadly lanceolate; midrib prominent, strongly keeled, prolonged to cuspidate tip, with 1–2 lateral veins either side, and two prominent rows of 3–8 oil glands straddling midrib, margins and keel apex ciliate. Leaves heterophyllous, seedling and subadult leaves flat or involute, ± spreading to recurved; 0.9–3.0(–4.5) × 0.2–0.4(–0.6) mm, red-green or pale green suffused with red, rarely bright green; lamina finely linear-lanceolate, long persistent in stressed habitats (in damaged plants reversion shoots bearing juvenile foliage frequent); adult leaves ± spreading to patent; lamina (1.1–)4.0(–10.0) × (0.8–)1.3(–2.8) mm, dark glossy green, red-green, to bronze-green, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate to obovate-rostrate; usually recurved from about half of total length, apex usually obtuse, rounded, rarely subacute, cuspidate; base attenuate; adaxial surface convex, finely glandular punctate; oil glands up to 590, more evident when dry, midrib slightly raised to depressed near base, otherwise depressed for entire length, glabrous, very rarely with fine antrorse hairs near base; abaxial surface slightly concave, finely glandular punctate, oil glands less obvious, up to 280, these more evident when dry; midrib depressed, finely and sparsely covered with sericeous, deciduous, antrorse-appressed hairs, these increasing in density toward base; lamina margin sparsely to densely, finely sericeous, hairy; hairs weakly flexuose, appressed to weakly spreading, antrorse to subantrorse, up to 0.1 mm, hyaline to translucent, appearing as white to naked eye, aligned in 1 row not quite meeting at cuspidate leaf apex. Perules scarious, basal ones usually persistent, these 0.4–1.0 mm long, pale brown to brown, broadly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, margins involute especially in upper third, midrib strongly keeled, prolonged as a cuspidate apex, with one row of 4–8 oil glands on each side of midrib, glabrous except for finely ciliate margin and apex; remaining perules deciduous, chartaceous, (0.6–)0.8(–1.4) mm long, pink to pinkish-white when fresh, drying apricot to apricot-brown, ovate to broadly oval, apex obtuse often appearing acute due to apical infolding, ± cuspidate, glabrous except for sparsely ciliate margin, strongly keeled, keel ± prolonged. Inflorescence usually a compact, (1–)6(–10)-flowered corymbiform botryum up to 25 mm long, borne on alternate brachyblasts up to 15 mm long, with those near branchlet apex usually subopposite; inflorescences at the ultimate branchlet tips rarely elongated, in which case these are invariably surmounted with terminal vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested with divergent hairs. Pherophylls deciduous (falling very early), tightly clasping pedicels to ± spreading, 0.5–1.0 mm long, initially foliose soon squamiform; foliose pherophylls pale green, oblong, oblong-obovate to oblanceolate, margins and apex finely ciliate; squamiform pherophylls brown or pink, drying apricot-brown or amber, broadly deltoid to oblong-ovate, margins involute especially in upper one-third, midrib strongly keeled, prolonged as cuspidate apex, with one row of 4–8 oil glands on each side; glabrous except for the finely ciliate margin and apex; similar to perules in size and shape at apex. Pedicels (1.0–)2.1(–2.4) mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, copiously invested in slightly flexuose, antrorse to subantrorse sericeous hairs. Flower buds clavate to pyriform, apex distinctly domed (due to thickened calyx lobes) prior to bud burst with calyx valves ± meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (3.3–)5.5(–9.0) mm diam. Hypanthium (1.8–)2.5(–3.3) × (1.7–)2.4(–3.1) mm, with free portion 0.3–0.8(–1.0) mm long, dark green often basally mottled or flushed with red when fresh, drying brown to grey; narrowly cupular to campanulate terminating in a slightly thicker rim bearing five persistent calyx lobes; surface smooth, finely gland-dotted, and puberulent, with weakly defined ridges leading up to calyx lobes (these becoming more distinct upon drying); hairs shortly subantrorse to antrorse. Calyx lobes 5, upright (not spreading), firmly fleshy, 0.4(–0.8) × 0.4(–1.0) mm, persistent, oblong, oblong-ovate to broadly triangular, in longitudinal-section distinctly thicker at base, ± subtended by a faint to prominent groove at the external junction with the hypanthium, otherwise tapering to apex, scarcely keeled (the keel if evident recognisable as a darker green or pink, thicker central prolongation of the hypanthium ridges), margins cream to pale pink, gland-dotted, oil glands usually colourless sometimes pink; otherwise glabrate except for ciliate margins; cilia widely spreading. Receptacle green or pale pink at anthesis, darkening to crimson-red or magenta after fertilisation. Petals 5(–6), 1.4–1.6(–2.0) × 1.4–1.6(–2.0) mm, white or pinkish white, usually basally flushed pink, very rarely completely pink, orbicular, sometimes cuneate, apex obtuse to rotund, margins plane or finely crimped 3–12 times, oil glands not evident when fresh, drying colourless. Stamens 10–24(–32) in 1(–2) weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments white often tinged rose-pink toward base. Antipetalous stamens 2(–3), antisepalous 1(–4). Outermost antipetalous stamens usually weakly to strongly incurved, on filaments 0.9–2.2 mm long; inner stamen, if present, 0.6–0.8 mm, strongly incurved; very rarely a further 1–2 strongly incurved stamens, 0.4–0.7 mm long, may be present at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair. Antisepalous stamens much shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, 0.3–0.8 mm, incurved, rarely outcurved or in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.04–0.08 × 0.02–0.04 mm, testiculate, latrorse. Pollen white (12.8–)14.7(–16.6) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, orange when fresh, drying pale brown, spheroidal, distinctly papillate. Ovary (3–)4(–5) locular, each with 15–18(–22) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 2.0–2.6(–3.6) mm long at anthesis, often elongating slightly after anthesis, white basally flushed with pink; stigma capitate, scarcely wider than style, domed along margins with a central depression, pale cream to pink, surface papillate to distinctly rugulose. Fruits ± persistent, (1.0–)2.3(–3.3) × (1.6–)2.2(–3.2) mm, light brown to grey, usually barrel-shaped, rarely cupular, splits concealed by dried, suberect to erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 0.80–1.00 × 0.45–0.50 mm, narrowly oblong, oblong, oblong-obovate to falcate-oblong, curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded, base cuneate to oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Aug–)Sep–Oct(–Mar) FT: Jan–May(–Nov). Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22 (de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 7). Endemic, New Zealand, North Island, Bay of Plenty to the Central North Island (40–580 m a.s.l.). Confined to active geothermal fields (i.e. those with surface expression) of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (for geology see Healy 1992; Houghton et al. 1995; Wilson et al. 1995; Neall 2001) from the vicinity of Kawerau (Parimahana Geothermal Field) and Lake Rotoiti (Tikitere) south to Tokaanu and the hills above Waaihi, Lake Taupo (Figs 20A–C, 21). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.Holotype of Kunzea tenuicaulis de Lange (P. J. de Lange 4702A, AK 288172). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12624.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12624.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 14.Holotype of Kunzea tenuicaulis de Lange (P. J. de Lange 4702B, AK 288088). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12625.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12625.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 15.Holotype of Kunzea tenuicaulis de Lange (P. J. de Lange 4702C, AK 288171). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12626.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12626.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 16.Lectotype of Leptospermum ericoides var. microflorum G.Simpson (N. Potts s.n., AK 22886). A Specimen B George Simpson’s handwriting on piece of newspaper mounted on AK 22886 over which two AK herbarium labels mounted. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12627.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12627.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 17.Lectotype of Leptospermum ericoides var. microflora G.Simpson (N. Potts s.n., CHR 48079) as selected by Allan (1961). This sheet has no nomenclatural status as it cannot unequivocally be shown to have been handled by the naming author George Simpson. The label details are written in the hand of T. Rawson then technician to H. H. Allan (P. B. Heenan pers. comm.). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12628.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12628.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_6 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 18.Distinguishing features of Kunzea tenuicaulis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 284554) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 284554) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 284554) D Seedling (no voucher, self sown from AK 284554) E Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 284554) F Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 284554) G Leaf variation within the same individual (ex cult. AK 284554) H Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 284554) I Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 284554) J Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 284554) K Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 284554) L Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 284554) M Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 282217) N Stamens (ex cult. AK 282217) O Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 282217). Scale bars: (A, B, D, G) 10 mm; (C, E, F, J–O) 1 mm; (I) 0.5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12629.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12629.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_7 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 19.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea tenuicaulis. A–F all AK 288105) Branchlet indumentum G–J Seeds (AK 286159, AK 288105). Scale bars: (A, G) 1 mm; (B–F, H–J) 100 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12630.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12630.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_8 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 20.Kunzea tenuicaulis. A Kunzea tenuicaulis habitat, North Island, Karapiti (Craters of the Moon) (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Kunzea tenuicaulis habitat, North Island, Maungakakaramea (Rainbow Mountain) Scenic Reserve, Crater area (photo: P. B. Cashmore) C Kunzea tenuicaulis decumbent form on heated ground, Maungakakaramea (Rainbow Mountain) Scenic Reserve, Crater area (photo: P. B. Cashmore) D Kunzea tenuicaulis tree form showing multi-trunked growth habit and widely spreading, narrow branchlets, North Island, Rotorua, Kuiarau Park (photo: P. B. Cashmore) E Kunzea tenuicaulis tree form showing pendulous growth habit, North Island, Rotorua, Kuiarau Park (photo: P. B. Cashmore) F Kunzea tenuicaulis tree form showing multi-trunked, widely spreading, pendulous growth habit, North Island, Rotorua, Kuiarau Park (photo: P. B. Cashmore) G Kunzea tenuicaulis showing characteristic, flexuose trunks and widely spreading branches; North Island, Tokaanu, Tokaanu Geothermal Reserve, (photo: P. J. de Lange) H Kunzea tenuicaulis trunk and bark, North Island, Tokaanu, Tokaanu Geothermal Reserve, (photo: P. J. de Lange) I Kunzea tenuicaulis trunk and bark, North Island, Paeroa Range, Te Kopia Geothermal Reserve (photo: P. J. de Lange); (J) Kunzea tenuicaulis branches showing distinctive widely spreading, fine, pendulous branchlets, North Island, Tikitere (Hell’s Gate) Thermal Park, (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Kunzea tenuicaulis flowering branchlet showing, compact corymbiform botrya, North Island, Waiotapu Geothermal Park (photo: G. M. Crowcroft). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12631.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12631.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_9 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of Kunzea ericoides, Kunzea salterae, Kunzea sinclairii, Kunzea tenuicaulis, Kunzea toelkenii, Kunzea triregensis and Kunzea “Lottin Point”. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4_p_10 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 21.Holotype of Kunzea salterae (P. J. de Lange 6471 & P. B. Cashmore, AK 289816). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12632.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12632.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 22, 23, 24). Growth habit shrubs to small trees 0.1–6(–10) × 2–4(–6) m with broad, spreading to somewhat pendulous crowns, rarely plants completely decumbent, sprawling across ground. Trunk usually multi-trunked from base, up to 0.3 m d.b.h., these mostly widely spreading to suberect, flexuose, often basally buttressed, branches frequent from base in exposed sites, otherwise naturally thinning in the lower half of the trunk. Bark early bark brown, initially firm, somewhat sinuous-fluted, elongate, over time cracking transversely (especially on branch flanges), and with apices gradually detaching and raising to present as small lunate (in profile) flakes, old grey-brown bark flaking readily in small, somewhat irregular tabular shards, often with small lunate secondary peeling; somewhat corky to chartaceous. Branches Two to many, suberect to widely spreading, rarely ascending, mostly pendulous, branchlets numerous and very leafy, rather slender, initially subterete soon becoming quadrangular; sericeous, indumentum initially copious rarely glabrate to glabrous, hairs on young rapidly growing apices, copious, sericeous, straight, antrorse-appressed up to 0.55 mm, these soon falling; other mostly divergent hairs long persistent, (especially opposite leaf buds and expanding foliage), 0.04–0.08(–0.1) mm, hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young maturing grey), apices ± curled, often admixed (particularly toward branchlet apices and near decurrent leaf bases) with deciduous antrorse-appressed, straight to somewhat sinuous hairs up to 0.28 mm. Vegetative buds inconspicuous at resting stage 0.5–1.0 mm diam.; scales deciduous; (0.6–)1.2–2.3 mm long, stramineous to pale brown, initially broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate grading through broadly lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, midrib strongly keeled, prolonged to apiculate tip, with one prominent row of 4–10 oil glands on either side of midrib, margins, apex, apiculus and keel finely ciliate. Leaves ± spreading to patent; lamina (4–)10(–18) × (0.6–)1.2(–2.0) mm, bright glossy green, yellow-green, bronze-green to dark green; linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, flat not recurved, apex acute to subacute, cuspidate, rarely obtuse to rounded; base attenuate; adaxial surface slightly concave to flat, finely glandular punctate; oil glands 180(–280), more evident when dry; midrib slightly raised to depressed near base otherwise depressed for entire length, initially densely covered in fine, antrorse-appressed silky hairs up to 0.22 mm, becoming glabrescent; abaxial surface slightly convex, finely glandular punctate, oil glands less obvious when fresh than when dry, up to 100, with the larger glands aligned longitudinally along midrib; midrib slightly raised, usually glabrous, sometimes with a fine weft of silky, deciduous, antrorse-appressed hairs near base; lamina margin sparsely to densely, finely sericeous, hairs mostly antrorse-appressed, up to 0.5 mm, hyaline to translucent, appearing as white to naked eye; hairs in 1–2 somewhat irregular rows just failing to meet short of cuspidate leaf apex. Perules scarious, basal ones usually persistent, 1.2–1.4 mm long, stramineous to brown, broadly to narrowly lanceolate, involute, midrib strongly keeled prolonged as a cuspidate apex, with one row of 4–8 oil glands on either side of midrib, lower two-thirds glabrous, upper one-third finely ciliate; remaining perules deciduous, chartaceous, 0.6–1.4 mm long, pale pink to pinkish-white when fresh, drying apricot to apricot-pink, broadly oval, ovate to rhomboid, finely and copiously ciliate, strongly keeled, keel prolonged, apiculate, margins and keel more distinctly ciliate. Inflorescence a (2–)4(–8)-flowered corymbiform botryum up to 45 mm long, usually on brachyblasts, rarely on long shoots in which case invariably terminal (only very rarely with terminal vegetative growth). Inflorescence axis densely invested with mostly divergent hairs. Pherophylls deciduous (falling very early), mostly squamiform, rarely foliose, spreading, 0.6–1.8 mm long; squamiform pherophylls brown or amber, sometimes pink, drying apricot-brown, broadly deltoid to oblong-ovate, margins involute especially in upper one-third, midrib strongly keeled prolonged as cuspidate apex, with one row of 4–8 oil glands on each side of midrib; glabrous except for the finely ciliate margin and apex; foliose pherophylls bright green, linear, margins and apex finely ciliate; both types grading into chartaceous, into perules and/or leaves at inflorescence terminus. Pedicels (1.1–)2.6(–3.0) mm long at anthesis and elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, finely invested in divergent to subantrorse sericeous hairs. Flower buds pyriform to clavate, apex domed with calyx valves not or scarcely meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded up (9–)10(–12) mm diam. Hypanthium (2.1–)2.2(–3.8) × (1.8–)2.2(–3.2) mm, with free portion 1.0–1.6 mm long, reddish-brown when fresh, drying resinous brown to grey; narrowly obconic to funnelform terminating in a slightly thicker rim bearing five persistent calyx lobes; surface smooth, finely glandular punctate, sparsely hairy to glabrate, with five rather weakly defined ridges leading up to calyx lobes (these becoming more distinct upon drying); hairs scattered, subantrorse to antrorse, flexuose. Calyx lobes 5, upright (not spreading), 0.6(–0.9) × 1.1(–1.3) mm, persistent, broadly to narrowly triangular, weakly and broadly keeled (the keel though ill-defined in fresh specimens recognisable as a dark pink to red, thicker central prolongation of the hypanthium ridges), margins cream to pale yellow, gland-dotted, subcoriaceous, glabrate except for distinctly ciliate apex. Receptacle dark red at anthesis. Petals 5, spreading, 1.4–1.6 × 1.4–1.6 mm, white, rarely basally flushed pink, orbicular to suborbicular, apex obtuse to rotund, margins usually finely crimped, oil glands colourless or rose-pink, scarcely evident when fresh. Stamens 28–36(–38) in 1–2 weakly defined whorls, adnate to receptacular rim, filaments white rarely tinged rose-pink toward base. Antipetalous stamens 3(–5) antisepalous 3(–4). Outermost antipetalous stamens strongly outcurved, on filaments 2.5–3.25 mm long, inner stamen 1.8–2.2 mm, outcurved, on occasion a further 1–2 incurved or outcurved, stamens 0.8–1.0 mm long, positioned at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair. Antisepalous stamens much shorter than antipetalous, 0.6–0.9(–1) mm, incurved, outcurved or in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.11–0.16 × 0.10–0.14 mm, scutiform to ovoid, latrorse, each anther deeply and longitudinally furrowed, with one anther lobe in each pair fused at right angles along inner margin with adjoining anther lobe to form a prominent ‘pinched’ longitudinal ridge. Pollen white, (10.2–)14.7(–16.6) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, pale orange to pink when fresh, drying orange-brown, spheroidal, finely papillate, somewhat farinose. Ovary (3–)4 locular, each locule with 8–10 ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 2.1–3.2 mm long at anthesis, white basally flushed with pink; stigma capitate, up to 1× style diam., flat, abruptly broadened, pale cream, finely papillate rugulose. Fruits rarely persistent, (2.0–)2.2(–2.7) × (2.0–)2.9(–4.0) mm, light brown to grey, cupular to suburceolate, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 0.80–1.00 × 0.45–0.48 mm, narrowly oblong, oblong, oblong-obovate to falcate-oblong or elliptic, curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded; base cuneate to oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown; surface coarsely reticulate, ridges prominent, central portion of some cells furnished with short, tubular-spiny, protuberances. FL: Aug–Apr FT: Aug–Sep. Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22 (AK 283253, P. B. Cashmore s.n., AK 298088, P. J. de Lange. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 7). Endemic, New Zealand, North Island, Bay of Plenty, Moutohora (Whale Island) (sea level to 220 m a.s.l.). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 21.Holotype of Kunzea salterae (P. J. de Lange 6471 & P. B. Cashmore, AK 289816). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12632.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12632.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 22.Distinguishing features of Kunzea salterae. A Flowering branchlet (AK 289816) B Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (AK 289816) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 289816) D Abaxial leaf surface (AK 289816) E Adaxial leaf apex (AK 289816) F Leaf margin indumentum (AK 289816) G Leaf variation, all from Moutohora (Whale Island): (G1) (AK 185215), (G2) Boulder Bay (AK 288250), (G3–5) Sulphur Bay (AK 284105, AK 283253, AK 289814), (G6) Summit Hill Saddle (AK 289815), McEwans Bay (AK 289816) H Flower (top view) (AK 289816) I Flower and hypanthium (side view) (AK 289816) J Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (AK 289816) K Style and stigma (AK 289816) L Stamens (AK 289816) M Dehisced fruit (AK 289816). Scale bars: (A, G) 10 mm; (B–E, H–M) 1 mm; (F) 0.5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12633.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12633.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea salterae. (A–E all AK 284105) Branchlet indumentum F–L Seeds (AK 283253, AK 289815) K–L Close up of reticulum showing spines. Scale bars: (A, C, F) 1 mm; (B, E) 500 μm; (D, F–J) 100 μm; (K, L) 50 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12634.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12634.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 24.Habitats of Kunzea salterae on Moutohora Island (photos: P. B. Cashmore). A Sand dunes and early stage successional forest leading to Summit Hill B Stable sand dunes and early stage forest surrounding Department of Conservation Hut and ride line leading to Summit Hill C Active geothermal vents within Sulphur Valley. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12635.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12635.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of Kunzea ericoides, Kunzea salterae, Kunzea sinclairii, Kunzea tenuicaulis, Kunzea toelkenii, Kunzea triregensis and Kunzea “Lottin Point”. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 26, 27, 28). Growth habit shrubs up to 4 × 6 m; ‘juveniles’ usually prostrate and trailing up to 4 m diam., often flowering, taking 2–4 years to develop several, usually central, ascending branches; ‘adults’ forming widely spreading (up to 2 m diam.), characteristically flat-topped shrubs, with pendulous branches and branchlets; branches confined to upper 30–50% of shrub, basal 50–70% usually completely devoid of branches and vegetative growth, sometimes bearing completely pendulous growth; trunk bases usually bearing epicormic, prostrate growth spreading up to 4 m diam. from point of origin; this growth occasionally layering and producing further trunks. Trunk (1–)6(–10), ascending to suberect, serpentine, highly contorted, twisted, bent, and spiralled, 0.10–0.25(–0.40) m d.b.h.; mostly arising from the top of a broad rootstock, and also from layered masses of prostrate epicormic growth; in all cases basal portions of trunks covered with numerous semi-detached, sinuous, rather corky, lengths of bark. Bark early bark firmly coriaceous, grey or grey-brown, ± elongate, initially with few transverse cracks, soon becoming heavily cracked (into highly irregular pieces with rather sinuous margins (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) but remaining firmly attached; old bark similar though more distinctly coriaceous-corky, upper surface often deeply corrugated and cracked but not peeling; detaching inwards readily but usually remaining centrally firmly attached; margins sinuous to lunate, often highly irregular and frayed, rarely shortly tabular; early and old bark flakes firm, scarcely crumbling in hand. Branches of trunks numerous, usually confined to the upper 30–50% of trunk; widely spreading, ± serpentine, flexuose, often pendulous and interwoven; branchlets numerous, slender, usually apically pendulous, very leafy, with few to many brachyblasts; those of epicormic growth, straight not flexuose or serpentine, prostrate or pendulous if arising from basal half of trunk, widely spreading; in all cases quadrangular, sericeous, indumentum copious; hairs persistent, of two types: long, appressed often flexuose hairs up to 0.26 mm long, and smaller divergent hairs, with strongly curled and spiralled apices 0.04–0.10(–0.18) mm hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young maturing grey). Vegetative buds conspicuous; at resting stage 1.2(–1.8) mm diam.; scales scarious, deciduous, (0.4–)0.9(–1.2) mm long, brown to red-brown, broadly ovate to ovate-deltoid, apex obtuse to rounded; midrib prominent, strongly keeled in upper half, occasionally prolonged to a long cuspidate tip, lateral veins usually absent, oil glands usually absent, upper half of scale margins, keel, and keel apex ciliate. Leaves well spaced along branchlets, spreading, patent to recurved; lamina (2.6–)5.7(–8.5) × (0.6–)1.6(–2.5) mm, dark glossy green or bright-green, margins and base usually flushed red; spreading, obovate, clavate, to broadly oblanceolate; weakly to strongly recurved from about 30–50% of total length; apex sharply acute to apiculate, base attenuate; adaxial surface concave very rarely flat, finely glandular punctate; oil glands up to 280, more evident when dry; midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, finely covered in deciduous, sericeous, antrorse-appressed, hairs in lower half otherwise glabrous; abaxial surface convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 180, more evident when dry; midrib raised for most of length, glabrous; lamina margin finely to densely sericeous, hairs weakly flexuose, antrorse, subantrorse to spreading, up to 0.5 mm long, hyaline to translucent, appearing white to naked eye, aligned in 1–2 uninterrupted rows meeting just short of leaf apiculus. Perules scarious, persistent, (0.5–)1.0(–1.8) mm; basal ones dark brown to red-brown, broadly ovate, ovate, ovate-rostrate, to lanceolate, without oil glands, margins involute, ciliate, midrib strongly keeled with 1–2 usually finely ciliate lateral veins on each side, keel prolonged as a short to long, deciduous, obtuse-tipped, densely ciliate, cuspidate apiculus; remaining perules similar but smaller, chartaceous, (0.3–)0.8(–1.0) mm long. Inflorescence a compact, (1–)7(–10)-flowered corymbiform botryum up to 40 mm long, mostly borne on alternate, distinctly spiralled, basally densely leafy, brachyblasts up to 12 mm long; inflorescences at the ultimate branchlet terminus uncommon (except in trailing epicormic growth), if present, often rather elongated (up to 80 mm long) and bearing well developed terminal vegetative growth, often with the uppermost flowers in elongated shoots male. Inflorescence axis densely invested with divergent hairs. Pherophylls deciduous (falling very early), initially foliose, soon squamiform, tightly clasping pedicel or spreading, 0.4–1.6 mm long, foliose pherophylls green to bronze-green, shortly lanceolate to obovate, squamiform pherophylls amber-brown to brown, narrowly deltoid to ovate, both types adaxially deeply concave, margins and apex finely ciliate, grading into leaves at inflorescence axis apex. Pedicels (1.6–)2.9(–3.8) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, copiously invested with short, divergent to subantrorse, silky hairs. Flower buds bluntly clavate to obconic, rarely pyriform, apex flat prior to bud burst with calyx valves not meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (3.6–)6.8(–9.0) mm diam., often functionally male toward end of flowering season. Hypanthium (1.7–)2.4(–3.2) × (2.8–)3.6(–4.3) mm, with free portion 0.6–0.9 mm long, green, dark green or red-green; obconic to funneliform, terminating in light-green to pink-green membranous rim bearing five persistent calyx lobes; surface smooth when fresh somewhat wrinkled when dry, with weakly defined ridges leading up to calyx lobes; sparingly dotted with pink or colourless oil glands otherwise with basal half finely and rather densely puberulent with areas leading to calyx lobes distinctly glabrescent; hairs silky, spreading, subantrorse to antrorse-appressed, often with smaller divergent hairs underlying larger appressed ones. Calyx lobes 5, upright (not spreading), submembranous, (0.8–)1.0(–1.2) × (0.7–)1.0(–1.2) mm, persistent, ovate, broadly ovate to ovate-deltoid, of uniform thickness in transverse section, without keel, often uniformly green, otherwise with central portion of lobe darker green or pinkish green, with margins usually pale green to green flushed with pink, surface somewhat glandular punctate, oil glands inconspicuous, ± colourless, otherwise glabrous except for distinctly spreading, ciliate margins. Receptacle usually pink at anthesis, consistently darkening to dark magenta or maroon-black after fertilisation. Petals 5(–6), 1.5–1.9(–2.8) × 1.5–1.9(–2.6) mm, white, orbicular to very broadly ovate, apex obtuse to rotund, margins ± entire, often finely folded or crimped 1–5 times, oil glands colourless. Stamens 20–36(–50) in 1(–3) weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens (2–)3(–6), antisepalous (1–)3(–8). Outermost antipetalous stamens weakly incurved or outcurved, on filaments 1.2–3.6 mm long, inner stamen if present, 0.8–1.2 mm, incurved or outcurved, a further 1–3 stamens, of similar length are very rarely present at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair. Antisepalous stamens usually shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, sometimes of comparable length, generally 0.6–3.2 mm, mostly incurved, outcurved or in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.06–0.09 × 0.05–0.08 mm, testicular-oval to testicular-ellipsoid, latrorse. Pollen white (12.2–)13.6(–17.8) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, pale lemon to pink when fresh, drying yellow to pale orange, spheroidal, finely papillate. Ovary absent in males flowers, otherwise 3–4(–5) locular, each with 12–20(–24) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style absent in male flowers, otherwise 1.0–1.4(–1.8) mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly after anthesis, white; stigma capitate, scarcely wider than style, flat, greenish-white, cream or pale pink, surface papillate. Fruits rarely persistent, (2.1–)2.6(–3.0) × (2.5–)3.0(–3.7) mm, light brown to grey, obconic, broadly obconic, to cupular, splits concealed by dried, suberect to erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 0.50–1.00(–1.02) × 0.52–0.60(–0.68) mm, oblong, oblong-obovate, curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute; base oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, amber, orange-brown to brown, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Sep–)Oct–Nov. FT: Oct–Sep. Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22 (see de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 7). Endemic, New Zealand, North Island, Bay of Plenty (2–10 m a.s.l.). Kunzea toelkenii is known from a small strip of sand dune country (the Wahieroa Dunes) between the eastern bank of the Tarawera River mouth and the west bank of the Rangitaiki River mouth, near Thornton, and from another small population on a barrier sandspit island, Whangakopikopiko (Tern Islet), at the mouth of the Ohiwa Harbour. The current distribution is undoubtedly relict; the habitats occupied are remnants of indigenous woody sand dune vegetation that formerly extended as far west as Papamoa. Although I have been unable to find any supporting herbarium evidence, locals recollect that much of the sand country between Papamoa and Pikowai beach once supported dense ‘kanuka [Kunzea] shrublands’ (G. Wrigley pers. comm.). From the descriptions given by these people which include such phrases as ‘tortured growths....pendulous shrubs.......... suckering stems’ it is quite likely that Kunzea toelkenii was the species involved, and that it was once a locally important species of the Bay of Plenty sand dune country. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 25.Holotype of Kunzea toelkenii (P. J. de Lange 5322 & R. O. Gardner, AK 255350). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12636.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12636.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 26.Distinguishing features of Kunzea toelkenii. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 284553) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 284553) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 284553) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 284553) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 284553) F Leaf variation: (F1) Walker Road (AK 255350), (F2) Seacombes Canal (AK 287042) G Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 289816) H Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 284553) I Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 284553) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 284553) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 284553) L Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 284553) M Stamens (ex cult. AK 284553) N Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 284553). Scale bars: (A, B, F) 10 mm; (C–E, G, I–N) 1 mm; (H) 0.5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12637.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12637.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 27.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea toelkenii (all AK 255350). A–C Branchlet indumentum. Scale bars: (A, B) 1 mm; (C) 100 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12638.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12638.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 28.Kunzea toelkenii at type locality, Walker Road (photos: P. J. de Lange). A Growth habit of Kunzea toelkenii within sand dunes at type locality, note extensive suckering growth at base of shrub B Side view of the same Kunzea toelkenii as (A) showed tortured growth and root suckers C Close up of distinctive branching pattern developed by mature Kunzea toelkenii at type locality D–E Bark of Kunzea toelkenii F Late season functionally male flowers of Kunzea toelkenii G–H Flowering branchlet of Kunzea toelkenii (an example with longer than usual stamens). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12639.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12639.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of Kunzea ericoides, Kunzea salterae, Kunzea sinclairii, Kunzea tenuicaulis, Kunzea toelkenii, Kunzea triregensis and Kunzea “Lottin Point”. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 30, 31, 32). Growth habit erect shrubs or small trees up to 12 m forming dark green to silvery-grey, erect but more or less rounded, plumose, densely branched canopies up to 2 m diam., sometimes (usually on ultramafic rocks) decumbent and/or trailing. Trunk 1(–4 or more), mostly erect but in trailing specimens distinctly serpentine, 0.10–0.46(-0.60) m d.b.h.; basal portion of trunks initially covered with rather thick, firm, stringy, brown to brownish grey coriaceous bark. Bark early bark firmly coriaceous, dark brown to brown, ± elongate, usually bearing a few transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise remaining firmly attached, margins elongate sinuous, ± entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark similar though more distinctly corky-coriaceous, coarsely tessellated and remaining firmly attached, if detaching then usually doing so along transverse cracks, and peeling inwards to leave distinct layers of chartaceous, lunate, flakes that are centrally attached; flakes usually with highly irregular, frayed and shattered apices, otherwise margins ± entire; upper surface of bark flakes tessellated; upper trunk bark crumbling readily in hand, shattering if pulled hard into numerous, small, tabular flakes. Branches numerous, usually present from close to or at trunk base, but becoming progressively confined with age to the upper half of trunk; ascending to upright, very rarely spreading (usually in decumbent plants), usually distinctly plumose and often bearing old fruits; branchlets numerous, plumose, rather slender, ± quadrangular to subterete, leaves crowded along stems; branchlets sericeous, indumentum copious, hairs antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, up to 0.68 mm long, hyaline to translucent (appearing silvery when young, maturing silver-grey). Vegetative buds inconspicuous, usually obscured from view by surrounding leaves; at resting stage 0.2–0.8 mm diam. narrowly ovoid; scales deciduous; (0.2–)1.2 mm long, stramineous to pale brown, broadly ovate-lanceolate grading through lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate; midrib strongly keeled, prolonged to apiculate tip, often with one prominent row of 2–6 oil glands on either side of midrib; scales initially completely obscured by long silky silvery-white hairs, becoming glabrate, with hairs progressively confined to scale margins, midrib, and keel prolongation. Leaves not heterophyllous, sessile, usually hairy, very rarely glabrous, densely crowded along branchlets, particularly toward apices, initially obliquely ascending, subappressed to suberect, basally often spreading to weakly recurved in distal one-third; lamina (9.3–)12.7(–19.5) × (0.3–)0.7(–1.2) mm, initially silvery-grey (due to dense hair covering), maturing dark green to glaucous green above (as hairs are shed) with a dull not glossy surface, paler beneath; lamina linear, distal one-third sometimes weakly recurved, apex sharply acute, cuspidate, base attenuate (with adaxial surface often glabrous, abaxial densely hairy); adaxial lamina surface flat to weakly concave, glandular punctate, with oil glands evident when fresh or dry (though more conspicuous when dry), up to c.300, midrib very slightly raised near base, otherwise only evident for c. one-third of length as a conspicuous line of silvery-grey antrorse-appressed, silky hairs up to 0.8 mm long; abaxial surface flat to weakly convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 300; midrib raised for entire length, densely sericeous to just short of leaf apex, hairs as for adaxial midrib and lamina margins; lamina margins copiously covered in silvery-grey hairs, these forming a thick band and fusing with the abaxial midrib hairs just short of lamina apex, and along decurrent leaf bases. Perules deciduous, (0.3–)1.8(–2.3) mm long, straminaceous to pale brown, narrowly ovate, ovate-lanceolate grading through to narrowly lanceolate; midrib strongly keeled, cuspidate, with an obscure row of 2–8 oil glands on either side of midrib; lamina initially obscured by long silky silvery-white hairs, becoming glabrate, with hairs progressively confined to scale margins, midrib, and keel prolongation. Inflorescence mostly compact, spiciform (3–)8(–12)-flowered botrya 20–80 mm long; usually on brachyblasts with the terminal shoot either bearing a slightly longer (up to 180 mm) compact 6–15-flowered, spiciform botryum, or a greatly elongated, spiciform, 10–40-flowered botryum up to 180 mm long. Flowers of smaller botrya crowded, those of elongated botrya regularly spaced up to 20 mm apart; terminal portion of both short and elongated spiciform botrya inflorescence types often bearing undeveloped flowers and active vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs. Pherophylls persistent, leaf-like, 1–2 per flower, closely clasping hypanthium base, usually hairy, very rarely glabrous; lamina (6.0–)9.8(–12.8) × (0.9–)1.8(–2.2) mm, dark silvery-green, silvery-grey or glaucous (depending one extent of hair covering), linear to linear-falcate; linear-falcate pherophylls with basal portion sharply bent almost at right angles to inflorescence axis, otherwise obliquely ascending to suberect, or spreading; apex acute, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually deeply concave to weakly so, glandular punctate, oil glands up to c.100 (usually fewer); midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise indistinct, bearing antrorse-appressed, silky, hairs for whole length or glabrous; abaxial surface deeply convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 100 (usually fewer); midrib scarcely evident especially if glabrous, otherwise mostly evident as a dense line of antrorse-appressed, silky hairs continuing to the apex, lamina margin usually densely covered by antrorse-appressed, sericeous hairs, sometimes glabrous. Pedicels sessile to subsessile, up to 1.2 mm long at anthesis, scarcely elongating after anthesis, terete, copiously invested with silky, antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, hairs. Flower buds ovoid, double conic to pyriform, apex sharply erect; calyx lobes pinched at apex inwards, and touching prior to bud burst. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (1.9–)3.9(–5.7) mm diam. Hypanthium (2.0–)2.8(–4.0) × (2.5–)3.4(–4.1) mm, with free portion 0.6–0.9 mm long, silvery-white to silvery-grey due to copious covering of hairs or dark red-green if glabrous; barrel-shaped, cupular or narrowly campanulate, terminating in scarcely defined chartaceous rim bearing 5 persistent sharply erect calyx lobes; hypanthium surface smooth, usually completely covered in a dense covering of long, silky, antrorse-appressed silvery hairs; ribs scarcely evident. Calyx lobes 5, erect, subcoriaceous, (1.0–)1.3(–1.6) × (0.2–)0.4(–0.6) mm, persistent, narrowly deltoid to deltoid with acute tips, red-green, weakly keeled or not, lobes densely covered in long, silky, silvery, antrorse-appressed, hairs or glabrous; margins green flushed pink or red, oil glands evident only in glabrous forms, rather inconspicuous, ± colourless. Receptacle green or pink at anthesis, usually darkening to crimson after fertilisation. Petals 5(–6), (0.9–)1.4(–2.0) × (0.7–)1.4(–1.9) mm, cream, pale pink or cream basally flushed pink, narrowly ovate to suborbicular, suberect, upper one-third sometimes weakly recurved, apex rounded, margins ± finely and irregularly crumpled, sometimes denticulate, oil glands colourless. Stamens 32–46(–60) in 1–2 weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments cream. Antipetalous stamens (2–)3(–6) sometimes petaloid, antisepalous (3–)4(–7). Outermost antipetalous stamens initially erect with the upper portion often incurved, more rarely outcurved, on filaments 1.2–1.8 mm long, inner stamen if present, 0.9–1.6 mm, erect or incurved, often a further 1–3 stamens, of similar length to inner stamens may be present at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair. Antisepalous stamens shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, 0.8–1.0 mm, erect or weakly to strongly incurved, rarely outcurved, usually in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.04–0.06 × 0.02–0.04 mm, testiculate, latrorse. Pollen white (13.2–)16.2(–21.0) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, pale pink or golden-yellow when fresh, drying yellow to pale orange, spheroidal, finely to coarsely papillate. Ovary (3–)4(–5) locular, each with 18–26(–30) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 0.8–2.0 mm long at anthesis, elongating after anthesis, cream or pale pink; stigma narrowly capitate, as wide as, or slightly wider than style, ± flat, greenish-white or pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface finely granular-papillate. Fruits long persistent, (1.6–)2.3(–2.9) × (2.3–)3.0(–4.1) mm, initially silvery-white or silvery-grey due to dense hair covering, maturing grey-brown to grey-black depending on degree of hair loss, sometimes completely glabrous in which case dark brown; in all types fading with age to pale grey in exposed situations or grey-black in shade, barrel-shaped to narrowly obconic, rarely campanulate to cupular, calyx valves prominently erect, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 0.50–1.00(–1.10) × 0.48–0.63(–0.70) mm, obovoid, oblong, oblong-ellipsoid, or cylindrical and ± curved; usually curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute; base oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Jul–)Nov–Jan(–May). FT: Jun–May. Chromosome Number 2n = 22 (see de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 33). Endemic. New Zealand, North Island (sea level – 310 m a.s.l.). Recorded from Te Paki south to the Ahipara Gumlands and the Karikari Peninsula. South of there it is sporadic and mainly coastal to the Waitemata Harbour. Also present on the western side of Aotea (Great Barrier Island), the eastern side of the Coromandel Peninsula (near Tairua), on the western margin of the Hauraki Plains just north of Kaihere, and within the foothills of the Hapuakohe Range. South of there Kunzea linearis is known only from a single, highly disjunct collection made by A. P. Druce (CHR 132842) from near Mt Kupukore, in the northern Wairarapa. Although I have seen no other specimens from the southern half of the North Island, I accept this record, because the collector A.P. [Tony] Druce, was a well known, cautious botanical explorer not prone to making labelling errors, and with a critical eye for the unusual (Atkinson 1999). Also, at the time of that specimen’s collection in May 1965, Druce was unfamiliar with Kunzea linearis (he had labelled his specimen ‘Leptospermum ericoides’). In fact it was not until May 1987, 22 years later that he made his next herbarium collection of Kunzea linearis from Ahipara (CHR 469707), and that gathering Druce labelled as an ‘unnamed’ species (Kunzea “Ahipara” (Druce 1993)), apparently not realising that it already had a formal name within the genus. Although subsequent searches of Mt Kupukore made at my request in 2007 by Mr Pat Enright (in litt.) failed to find Kunzea linearis there, hybrids between it and Kunzea robusta were present, suggesting its past, or continuing presence in the area. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 29.Holotype and epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk. A Holotype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk, illustration t.69 (f.2) in Kirk (1889) B Epitype of Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare Kirk (WELT SP029435). Scale bar: (A) 10 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12640.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12640.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 30.Distinguishing features of Kunzea linearis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) B Fruiting branchlet (ex cult. AK 287881) C Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 287881) F Adaxial leaf apex (ex cult. AK 287881) G Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 287881) H Leaf variation: (H1) Surville Cliffs (Glabrescent form, AK 287872), (H2) Surville Cliffs (Hairy Form) (AK 287955), (H3) North Island, Te Paki, Taumatatotara Flat (AK 287953), (H4) North Island, Houhoura Harbour, Perpendicular Point (AK 211064), (H5) North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Waiporohita (AK 287886), (H6) Waipapa Stream (AK 288775), (H7) North Island, Raetea Forest (AK 206328), (H8) North Island, Waipu Cove Road (AK 287889), (H9) North Island, Northcote, Ahatawapa (AK 288766), (H10) North Island, Hauraki Plains, Waikumete Stream (AK 286054) I Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 287881) J Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 287881) K Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 287881) L Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 287881) M Stamens (ex cult. AK 287881) N Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 287881). Scale bars: (A, B, H) 10 mm; (C–F, I–N) 1 mm; (G) 0.5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12641.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12641.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 31.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea linearis. (A–E all AK 287954) Branchlet indumentum F–H Seeds (AK 206336). Scale bars: (A, C, F) 1 mm; (B, D, E, G, H) 100 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12642.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12642.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 32.Kunzea linearis. A Kunzea linearis sprawling form developed on windswept ultramafic rocks, North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Coastal shrubland developed on steep turbidite cliffs, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal’s Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) C–D Decumbent shrub form developed on ultramafic soils North Island, North Cape Scientific Reserve, Surville Cliffs, (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Adult plant exhibiting the erect growth habit usually seen throughout range, North Island, Te Aupouri Peninsula, Te Kao, (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Adult tree showing ascending, plumose branching pattern; North Island, Auckland City, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) G–J Bark showing the characteristic tessellated pattern and lunate flakes typical of this species, North Island, Auckland, Waitemata Harbour, Kendal’s Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) K Spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis showing buds with the distinctive erect calyx lobes, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins) L Flowering spiciform botrya of Kunzea linearis, note position of petals and presence of active vegetative growth at inflorescence apex, North Island, Karikari Peninsula, Lake Ohia (photo: J. E. Braggins). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12643.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12643.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 33.Distribution of Kunzea linearis. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12644.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12644.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 35, 36, 37, 38). Growth habit Shrubs or trees up to 15 m tall; heterophyllous (bearing distinct juvenile and adult foliage types). Those with persistent juvenile foliage mostly present in exposed conditions and unstable habitats, or at the margins of adult stands, usually forming domed, spreading shrubs up to 2 × 3 m with numerous erect to ascending, often interwoven branches; those with adult foliage forming single to multi-trunked trees up to 18 × 8 m, with very broad, spreading canopies. Irrespective of growth habit, plants flowering at a young age (1–2 years old). Trunk 1(–2) in juveniles usually branched from or close to base, in adults usually devoid of branches in lower 30–50%; 0.10–0.60(–0.85) m d.b.h., initially erect but soon arching outwards; basal portion covered with firm to semi-detached, tessellated, short to long, tabular to ± irregularly tabular lengths of corky-coriaceous bark. Bark early bark chartaceous to subcoriaceous, grey or grey-brown, ± elongate, usually bearing a few transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise remaining firmly attached, margins elongate sinuous, ± entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark similar though distinctly corky-coriaceous, usually tessellated, firmly attached, detaching basally with age, and peeling upwards along trunk in broad, tabular strips, margins ± entire to weakly irregular; upper surface often deeply corrugated and cracked but not peeling; margins somewhat sinuous to ± straight; early and old bark flakes firm, not crumbling in hand, snapping with ± entire margin. Branches juvenile branches numerous, erect to suberect not spreading, often interwoven; adult branches usually confined to the upper 30–50% of trunk; initially suberect, soon arching and spreading, often weakly flexuose; branchlets numerous, slender, ± quadrangular to subterete, branchlet indumentum copious, persistent; hairs silky, antrorse-appressed, usually flexuose, (0.23–)0.38(–0.50) mm long, hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young, maturing grey). Juvenile branchlets numerous, erect to suberect, often interwoven, leaves ± evenly spaced along length or, in exposed situation, crowded toward apices; adult branchlets clustered toward branch ends, weakly flexuose, with leaves ± evenly spaced along length. Vegetative buds conspicuous; at resting stage 0.8–1.0 mm diam.; scales scarious, deciduous, 0.5–0.8 mm long, amber to red-brown, broadly ovate, ovate-deltoid to rostrate; midrib prominent, strongly keeled in upper half, prolonged to short cuspidate tip, lateral veins absent, oil glands few, scattered, colourless, drying dull yellow; scale margins, keel, and keel apex copiously covered in long, white, silky hairs. Leaves sessile to shortly petiolate, well-spaced to crowded along branchlets, spreading, sub erect to patent, strongly recurved in distal 30–50%, dark glossy green above, much paler beneath with margins and abaxial midrib distinctly white-coloured due to dense hair growth. Juvenile lamina (2.4–)3.4(–5.3) × (1.2–)1.9(–2.3) mm, ovate, broadly ovate, rhomboid to obovate, adult lamina (6.0–)8.2(–12.5) × (1.8–)2.6(–3.8) mm, oblong, oblong-obovate, broadly oblanceolate to broadly lanceolate; apex of both juvenile and adult lamina obtuse, rounded to subacute, rostrate, base attenuate to narrowly attenuate; adaxial surface convex, weakly plicate, or strongly v-shaped in distal recurved portion, oil glands not evident when fresh, midrib very slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, basally finely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs, otherwise glabrous; abaxial surface slightly to prominently concave in distal recurved portion otherwise weakly concave, finely glandular punctate, oil glands sparse 80–200, more evident when dry; midrib slightly raised for entire length, prolonged slightly at apex, densely sericeous, hairs continuing to leaf apex, hairs weakly flexuose, antrorse, subappressed, up to 0.3 mm long, hyaline to translucent, appearing as white to naked eye; lamina margin completely obscured by a dense covering of antrorse-appressed hairs aligned in a thick, up to 0.6 mm wide, white, plumose band meeting with abaxial midrib hairs at the leaf apex. Perules deciduous, rarely persistent, squamiform; scales scarious, 0.5–0.8 mm long, amber to red-brown, broadly ovate, ovate-deltoid to rostrate; midrib prominent, strongly keeled in upper half, prolonged to short cuspidate tip, lateral veins absent, oil glands few, scattered, colourless, drying dull yellow, scale margins, keel, and keel apex copiously covered in long, white, silky hairs. Inflorescence Usually a well-spaced, elongate, (5–)12(–20)-flowered botryum up to 200 mm long, in adverse conditions sometimes becoming a condensed raceme 30–60 mm long, with the flowers shortly spaced and overlapping; in non-stressed conditions the terminal portion of the inflorescence comprising an indeterminate length of vegetative growth and sometimes a few undeveloped flowers. Inflorescence axis densely invested with silky, antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose hairs. Pherophylls persistent, foliose, spreading, dark glossy green, oblong, oblong-obovate, broadly obovate to elliptic; strongly recurved, to about half of total length or flat; juvenile lamina (2.0–)3.4(–5.3) × (1.2–)1.9(–2.3) mm, adult lamina (4.1–)5.4(–6.0) × (1.6–)2.3(–3.1) mm; apex obtuse, cuspidate, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually convex to weakly plicate, oil glands not evident when fresh or dry, midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, basally covered in a dense weft of antrorse-appressed, silky hairs; abaxial surface flat or weakly convex, glandular punctate, oil glands 20–40, more evident when dry; midrib raised for most of length, densely covered in antrorse-appressed, sericeous hairs to apex, lamina margin obscured by dense covering of antrorse-appressed hairs. Pedicels (1.3–)3.4(–4.9) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, sparsely to densely invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs. Flower buds pyriform to hemispherical, apex usually flat or weakly domed prior to bud burst; calyx valves not meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (6.8–)11.6(–12.5) mm diam., usually reducing in size toward end of flowering season. Hypanthium (1.9–)2.8(–4.0) × (3.0–)4.0(–5.6) mm, with free portion 0.7–1.3 mm long, dark green or red-green, drying green-brown or red-brown; broadly obconic, turbinate to hemispherical, terminating in dark-green to red-green coriaceous rim bearing five persistent suberect to spreading calyx lobes; fresh hypanthium surface faintly ribbed and sparingly dotted with pink or colourless oil glands, these drying dull yellow, ribs and veins usually densely covered in silky, antrorse-appressed hairs, sometimes glabrous; dry hypanthium surface similar though with the ribs more strongly defined, clearly leading up to calyx lobes. Calyx lobes 5(–8), suberect to spreading, coriaceous, (0.6–)1.2(–1.4) × (0.6–)1.0(–1.8) mm, persistent, ovate, ovate-truncate to broadly obtuse, pale green to red-green, weakly to strong keeled, external face of keel usually obscured by a broad band of antrorse-appressed, silky, white hairs, otherwise glabrous; margins white, pale green often flushed pink, surface somewhat sparsely glandular punctate, oil glands ± colourless when fresh drying dull yellow, otherwise (aside from keel) glabrescent. Receptacle green at anthesis, consistently darkening to crimson after fertilisation. Petals 5(–8), (1.8–)2.6(–3.7) × (2.0–)2.7(–4.0) mm, white (often drying butter yellow), spreading, orbicular to broadly ovate, apex rounded, margins ± finely and irregularly denticulate or crimped 1–6 or more times, oil glands colourless, drying opaque. Stamens 38–60(–90) in 2(–3) weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens 3–5(–6) sometimes petaloid, antisepalous stamens (5–)8(–10). Outermost antipetalous stamens usually outcurved, sometimes weakly incurved or in mixtures of both on filaments 1.5–2.4 mm long, inner stamens usually at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair (0.6–)0.8–1.2 mm long, weakly incurved. Antisepalous stamens mostly shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, sometimes of comparable length, generally 0.6–1.2 mm long, weakly to strongly incurved, very rarely a few outcurved. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.40–0.60 × 0.20–0.35 mm, ellipsoid, ovoid-ellipsoid or broadly scutiform, latrorse. Pollen white (9.9–)14.8(–18.9) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, deep golden-yellow to orange when fresh, drying orange to pink, spheroidal, rather finely papillate, sometimes absent. Ovary 5(–6) locular, each with 23–28(–42) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 2.0–2.5(–3.2) mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly after anthesis, white or pinkish-white; stigma broadly capitate, at least 1.5× width of style, flat, greenish-white or pale pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface finely granular-papillate. Fruits long persistent, (2.4–)3.9(–4.8) × (3.6–)4.8(–6.0) mm, initially dark green to chesnut-brown fading with age to grey, broadly obconic, turbinate or hemispherical, rarely broadly cupular; veins and ribs conspicuous on drying, these finely hairy to glabrescent, hairs antrorse-appressed; calyx valves incurved, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 1.2–1.5(–1.7) × 0.3–0.4(–0.6) mm, testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, oblong, oblong-obovate, narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical, ± curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute; base oblique, ± flattened. Surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Jul–)Nov–Jan(–Jun). FT: (Aug–)Nov–Jan(–Jun). Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22 (see de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 39). Endemic, New Zealand, North and South Islands (sea level – 320 m a.s.l.). In the North Island Kunzea amathicola is found mainly in the west, locally from Unuwhao Bush, Te Paki, south to Wellington City. In the South Island Kunzea amathicola is common in north-west Nelson from Farewell Spit to the Whanganui Inlet, and along the tidal reaches of the Aorere River. South of there it is confined to the Kaihoka–Kahurangi coastline. Kunzea amathicola has also been collected along the eastern side of the Kaipara Harbour where it extends up the main river valleys a considerable distance. This species has also been collected once from Kawau Island (L. Esler s.n., AK 215754) and, from a tidal creek on the Hauraki Plains near Waitakaruru (e.g., R. Mason s.n., CHR 112646). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 34.Holotype of Kunzea amathicola de Lange et Toelken (P. J. de Lange 4954, AK 286081). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12645.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12645.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 35.Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola. A Flowering branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) B Fruiting branchlet (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) C flower (top view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) D Flower and hypanthium (side view) (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) E Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) F Style and stigma (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) G Stamens (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) H Dehisced fruit (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour). Scale bars: (A, B) 10 mm; (C–H) 1 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12646.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12646.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 36.Distinguishing features of Kunzea amathicola continued (see Fig. 35). I Juvenile foliage (AK 289328) J Adult foliage (AK 289679) K Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, South Kaipara Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour) P Leaf variation: (P1) North Island, Hokianga (AK 282676), (P2) North Island, Kaipara (AK 289669), (P3) North Island, Te Toto Gorge (AK 284417), (P4) North Island, Hokio (AK 286079), (P5) North Island, Hokio—last two leaves from a juvenile reversion shoot (AK 289679), (P6) South Island, Farewell Spit (AK 289243), (P7) South Island, Wharariki (AK 286081). Scale bars: (I, J, P) 10 mm; (K, N, L, M) 1 mm; (O) 0.5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12647.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12647.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 37.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea amathicola. (A–E all AK 286079) Branchlet indumentum F–H seeds (AK 289669). Scale bars: (A, C, D, F) 1 mm; (B, E, G–I) 100 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12648.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12648.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 38.Kunzea amathicola. A Kunzea amathicola forming dominant vegetation on impoverished ‘badlands’ that developed after coal mining operations, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga, track to Pillar Light (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Decumbent, permanently juvenile shrubs of Kunzea amathicola growing on hard clays overlying calcareous mudstones on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) C Adult tree of Kunzea amathicola in full flower, South Island, north-west Nelson, at base of Farewell Spit (photo: G. M. Crowcroft) D–E Bark of Kunzea amathicola, South Island, north-west Nelson, Kaihoka Lakes (photo: P. J. de Lange) F–G Flowering adult Kunzea amathicola branches of holotype at type locality, South Island, north-west Nelson, Puponga Farm Park, Wharariki Beach Road (photo: P. J. de Lange) H Juvenile flowering branches of Kunzea amathicola, on a small islet, South Island, north-west Nelson, Wharariki Beach (photo: M. D. Wilcox) J Kunzea amathicola foliage, North Island, Kaipara Harbour, near Kaukapakapa (photo: P. J. de Lange). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12649.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12649.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8_p_6 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 39.Distribution of Kunzea amathicola. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12650.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12650.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 41, 42, 43). Growth habit mostly trees up to 18 × 3 m, forming a broadly rounded to somewhat spreading canopy with the lower 50–70% of the trunk usually completely devoid of branches. Trunk 1(–4), 0.10–0.60(–0.85) m d.b.h., mostly erect; basal portion of trunks covered with numerous semi-detached, long somewhat tabular lengths of rather corky-coriaceous bark. Bark early bark firmly coriaceous, grey or grey-brown, ± elongate, usually bearing a few transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise remaining firmly attached, margins elongate sinuous, ± entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark similar though more distinctly corky-coriaceous, tessellated, firmly attached, detaching basally with age, and peeling upwards along trunk in broad, tabular strips, margins ± entire to weakly irregular; upper surface often deeply corrugated and cracked but not peeling; margins sinuous to lunate; early and old bark flakes firm, not crumbling in hand, snapping with a ± entire margin. Branches numerous, usually confined to the upper 30–50% of trunk; upright to somewhat spreading; branchlets numerous, slender, ± quadrangular to subterete, leaves ± evenly spaced along length; branchlets sericeous, indumentum copious; hairs long appressed, usually flexuose (220–)480(–520) μm long, hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young, maturing grey). Vegetative buds conspicuous; at resting stage 1.0(–2.2) mm diam., narrowly lanceolate; scales absent. Leaves sessile, well spaced along branchlets, spreading, patent to recurved; lamina (6.0–)10.0(–13.5) × (1.1–)1.8(–2.3) mm, dark glossy green above, paler beneath with leaf margins and midrib appearing distinctly white because of dense hair growth; lamina lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate; usually strongly recurved for about half of total length; apex acute to narrowly acute, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually deeply concave to weakly so, very rarely flat, oil glands not evident when fresh, conspicuous when dry, up to c.200; midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, finely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs in lower 50–70% otherwise glabrous; abaxial surface convex to v-shaped, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 200, more evident when dry; midrib raised for most of length, densely silky hairy to leaf apex, hairs weakly flexuose, antrorse-appressed, up to 0.8 mm long, hyaline to translucent, appearing as white to naked eye; lamina margin completely obscured by dense covering of antrorse-appressed hairs aligned in a thick, up to 0.6 mm wide, almost plumose, white band meeting at leaf apex and continuous down branchlets along decurrent leaf bases. Perules squamiform, ± persistent grading into pherophylls, (4.0–)8.2(–11.8) × (0.9–)1.6(–2.2) mm; dark glossy green, broadly oblong to oblanceolate, usually strongly recurved, weakly concave, oil glands not evident when fresh, conspicuous when dry, up to c.80, margins ± flat, margins and midrib densely covered in sericeous, appressed, hairs, midrib weakly keeled. Inflorescence an elongated (3–)10(–20)-flowered botryum up to 200 mm long, basal portion sometimes bearing compact, lateral 3-flowered corymbiform botrya, or with the basal and terminal portions occasionally bearing lateral elongate botyra; distal 70% often interrupted by sections of leafy perules between which are spaced further flowers; or interrupted by short floral shoots bearing elongated 3–6-flowered botrya up to 20 mm long; terminal portion often bearing undeveloped flowers and vegetative terminal growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, hairs. Pherophylls persistent, foliose, (6.0–)9.8(–12.8) × (0.9–)1.8(–2.2) mm, dark glossy green, elliptic, broadly lanceolate to lanceolate; strongly recurved, to about half of total length or flat; apex acute, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually deeply concave to weakly so, oil glands not evident when fresh, conspicuous when dry, up to c. 80 (usually fewer); midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, finely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs for whole length; abaxial surface deeply convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 100 (usually fewer), more evident when dry; midrib raised for most of length, densely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs to apex, lamina margin obscured by dense covering of antrorse-appressed, silky hairs. Pedicels subsessile to pedicellate (0.4–)1.3(–3.7) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, copiously invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs. Flower buds double-conic to ovoid, calyx lobes prior to bud burst mostly not or scarcely meeting, held flat across bud surface, occasionally suberect with lobes ± meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (6.3–)10.2(–12.3) mm diam., usually reducing in size toward end of flowering season. Hypanthium (1.6–)2.8(–4.4) × (2.0–)3.0(–4.6) mm, with free portion 0.6–0.8 mm long, dark green or red-green, drying green-brown or red-brown; hemispherical to broadly obconic, sometimes campanulate or rarely cupular, terminating in dark-green to red-green coriaceous rim bearing five persistent erect calyx lobes; hypanthium surface when fresh, smooth to faintly ribbed, faintly and sparingly dotted with pink or colourless oil glands, densely to sparsely covered in silky, appressed antrorse hairs; similar when dry though with the ribs more strongly defined and clearly leading up to calyx lobes. Calyx lobes 5, erect, coriaceous, (0.5–)0.9(–1.3) × (0.3–)0.5(–0.8) mm, persistent, deltoid to ovate-deltoid, green to red-green, prominently keeled, with keel usually slightly darker-coloured and densely covered in antrorse-appressed, hairs; margins pale green often flushed pink, glabrescent, surface somewhat glandular punctate, oil glands inconspicuous, ± colourless. Receptacle green at anthesis, consistently darkening to crimson after fertilisation. Petals 5(–6), (1.3–)2.8(–4.3) × (1.9–)2.8(–4.8) mm, white, orbicular to broadly ovate, apex rounded, margins ± finely and irregularly denticulate, often when fresh appearing to be finely folded or crimped 1–3 or more times, oil glands colourless. Stamens 30–46(–53) in 1(–3) weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens (2–)3(–5) sometimes petaloid, antisepalous stamens (3–)4(–6). Outermost antipetalous stamens incurved or weakly outcurved, on filaments 1.0–3.8 mm long, inner stamen if present, 0.9–1.8 mm, incurved, with a further 1–3 stamens, of similar length to inner stamen often present at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair. Antisepalous stamens usually shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, but sometimes of comparable length, generally 0.9–3.8 mm, weakly to strongly incurved, rarely outcurved, usually in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.05–0.10 × 0.06–0.08 mm, testicular-ellipsoid, latrorse. Pollen white (12.0–)13.8(–16.0) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, pink or golden-yellow when fresh, drying yellow to pale orange, spheroidal, finely to coarsely papillate. Ovary 4(–5) locular, each with 20–24(–38) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style (1.9–)2.8(–3.1) mm long at anthesis, elongating after anthesis, white or pinkish-white; stigma broadly capitate, conspicuously wider than style, ± flat, greenish-white or pale pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface granular-papillate. Fruits long persistent, (1.9–)3.2(–5.2) × (2.0–)3.1(–4.9) mm, initially dark chestnut-brown to almost black, fading with age to grey, hemispherical, broadly obconic, campanulate to cupular; calyx valves usually prominently erect to suberect, rarely incurved, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 0.50–1.00(–1.10) × 0.50–0.60(–0.80) mm, oblong, oblong-obovate, curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute, base oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown; surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Oct–)Dec(–May). FT: Oct–May. Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22 (see de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 7). Endemic. Three Kings Island group (sea level – 296 m a.s.l.). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 40.Holotype of Kunzea triregensis de Lange (P. J. de Lange s.n., AK 226797). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12651.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12651.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 41.Distinguishing features of Kunzea triregensis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881) B, B1 Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881) D Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881) E Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (F1) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (F2) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881) G Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881) H Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881) I Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881) J Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881) K Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881) L Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (A, F) 10 mm; (B–E, G–L) 1 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12652.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12652.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 42.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea triregensis. (A–C all AK 207160) Branchlet indumentum D–G Seeds (AK 289067). Scale bars: (A, D) 1 mm; (B, C, E–G) 100 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12653.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12653.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 43.Kunzea triregensis. A Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Islands group, Manawatawhi / Great Island looking east to North East Island (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Interior of Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Island group, Manawatawhi / Great Island, Tasman Stream (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Kunzea triregensis in full flower, Three Kings, Manawatawhi / Great Island, near Lighthouse (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls and buds just prior to bud burst (photo: J. E. Braggins); Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls, buds and flowers (photo: J. E. Braggins). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12654.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12654.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of Kunzea ericoides, Kunzea salterae, Kunzea sinclairii, Kunzea tenuicaulis, Kunzea toelkenii, Kunzea triregensis and Kunzea “Lottin Point”. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 49, 50, 51). Growth habit mostly decumbent, trailing, silvery grey to grey, reddish-grey or grey-green, shrubs up to 3 × 1 m, very rarely forming a small tree up to 6 m tall; irrespective of stature, branches widely spreading and densely leafy, sometimes rooting on contact with soil or rock. Trunk 1(–4 or more), usually shortly erect between 0.2–1.0 m tall before branching but sometimes indistinguishable due to branches arising at ground level, 0.05–0.12(–0.16) m d.b.h.; basal portion of trunks covered with layers of somewhat firm to loose, stringy, pale grey to light brown chartaceous bark. Bark early bark dark brown to brown; firmly stringy, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, ± elongate, lying in numerous overlapping strips; usually bearing a few transverse and many longitudinal cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases), otherwise firmly attached; margins elongate, sinuous, ± entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark initially dark brown to grey-brown, soon becoming covered in crustose lichens and sparse liverwort growth; coarsely stringy to tessellated and distinctly corky-coriaceous, usually remaining firmly attached, if detaching, then usually doing so along transverse cracks; flakes usually centrally attached, margins somewhat tabular with entire margins and coarsely frayed apices; upper surface of bark flakes coarsely tessellated, sometimes flaking secondarily as small tabular shards; upper trunk bark breaking into smaller pieces in hand but not crumbling. Branches numerous, usually present from close to or at trunk base, prostrate and widely spreading, new growth subscandent (in rare tree forms this habit is retained resulting in arching, pendulous branches); branchlets numerous, widely spreading to subscandent, often coarsely interwoven, initially red, ± quadrangular to subterete, leaves usually densely crowded along stems and brachyblasts, though in vigorous new growth sometimes widely spaced; branchlets sericeous, indumentum copious, silky, hairs antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose up to 0.06 mm long, hyaline to translucent (appearing silvery-white when young, maturing silver-grey). Vegetative buds inconspicuous, usually obscured from view by surrounding leaves; at resting stage 0.3–0.8 mm diam. narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid; scales deciduous; (0.3–)1.2 mm long, pale yellow-brown to reddish brown, broadly to narrowly ovate-lanceolate grading through lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate; midrib ± keeled, sometimes prolonged to apiculate tip, otherwise apex obtuse to subacute or acute; oil glands inconspicuous, sparse, scattered in irregular lines either side of midrib; lamina initially completely invested by long silky silvery-white hairs, becoming glabrate, with hairs progressively confined to scale margins, midrib, and keel prolongation (if present). Leaves heterophyllous, weakly to strongly spicy-scented when crushed, mostly sessile, sometimes shortly petiolate (up to 1.6 mm long). Seedling and juvenile leaves dark green to glaucous, glabrous up to 25.0 × 3.5 mm, oblanceolate to lanceolate, apex acute, often shortly mucronate, base attenuate, lateral veins evident, especially on seedling leaves, both surfaces distinctly gland-dotted, oil glands up to 480 on either surface. Mature leaves soon developing (depending on degree of exposure), densely crowded along branchlets and brachyblasts, particularly toward apices, initially obliquely ascending, soon suberect to widely spreading usually weakly recurved in distal 30%; lamina (5.6–)14.5(–20.6) × (2.0–)3.2(–4.5) mm, initially appearing silvery-white (due to dense hair covering), maturing silvery-grey to reddish grey (as some hairs are shed), usually paler beneath; lamina broadly lanceolate, elliptic to obovate, rarely oblong-obovate, apex sharply acute, often cuspidate, base attenuate; adaxial lamina surface flat to weakly concave, glandular punctate, with oil glands scarcely evident when fresh due to dense hair covering, becoming more obvious in old leaves and in dried specimens, up to c.380, midrib slightly raised for c. 70% of leaf length; abaxial surface flat to weakly convex, usually densely covered in hairs, sometimes glabrate in old leaves, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 300; midrib raised for entire length; lamina margins distinctly less hairy than lamina surface; hairs of midribs and margins converging at leaf apex. Perules deciduous (shedding very early in inflorescence maturation), (0.8–)1.2(–1.4) × (0.8–)1.0(–1.2) mm, orange brown to amber with a broad pale brown margin (this reducing in thickness toward apex); broadly ovate grading through to ovate-lanceolate, apex cuspidate; lamina 6–8-nerved with poorly defined midrib and bearing up to 10–20 oil glands between nerves; lamina surface initially sparsely covered in deciduous long silky silvery-white hairs, soon becoming glabrate, except for a distinct stout weft on the cuspidate apex. Inflorescence mostly a compact, corymbiform (4–)9(–20)-flowered botryum 7.0–20.0 mm long and usually terminated by a tuft of leaves and a semi-dormant vegetative bud; inflorescences initially present on brachyblasts in the distal one-third of the active branchlets, increasing in abundance and soon dominating all the distal terminal and lateral growth; on occasion inflorescences may extend to elongated botrya on late season’s vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested with antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs. Pherophylls deciduous (shed early during bud maturation), rarely present at flowering, foliose or squamiform, basal portion tightly clasping pedicel base; (1.0–)1.2 × (0.2–)0.4 mm; foliose pherophylls pale green to red-green, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, very rarely broadly spathulate, cuspidate, deeply concave in cross section, with the abaxial surface copiously invested in sericeous, antrorse-appressed hairs; oil glands scarcely evident, up to 10 (usually less); midrib not evident; squamiform pherophylls tightly clasping pedicels, 0.3–1.0 × 0.4–0.8 mm, red-brown to brown, broadly to narrowly ovate or lanceolate, apex acute, subacute to obtuse, weakly keeled, margins and distal portion of keel finely ciliate. Pedicels (2.8–)5.7(–7.3) mm long at anthesis, scarcely elongating after anthesis, terete, initially invested with silky, antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, hairs becoming glabrate. Flower buds (2.3–)3.8(–4.9) × (2.1–) 3.1(–4.2) mm, ovoid to pyriform, apex flat to weakly domed prior to bud burst with calyx lobes held flat across surface, rarely meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (5.7–)8.1(–10.2) mm diam. Hypanthium (1.9–)2.6(–3.6) × (2.1–)3.1(–4.2) mm, with free portion 0.4–0.7 mm long, silvery-white to silvery grey or reddish-grey due to copious covering of hairs; narrowly obconic to obconic or cupular, terminating in a scarcely defined chartaceous rim bearing five persistent calyx lobes; hypanthium surface smooth when fresh becoming irregularly wrinkled when dry, somewhat finely glandular punctate, oil glands scarcely evident due to dense covering of long, silky, antrorse-appressed silvery hairs, ribs not evident. Calyx lobes 5, initially erect to suberect, sometimes spreading, submembranous, (1.1–)1.3(–1.6) × (0.9–)1.2(–1.8) mm, broadly obtuse, red-green to pale green with a white or pink membranous margin, not obviously keeled, sparsely and finely gland-dotted, oil glands ± colourless; lobe margins finely ciliate, hairs eglandular, central portion of lobes densely covered in short silky, antrorse-appressed hairs. Receptacle greenish pink or pink at anthesis, darkening to crimson after fertilisation. Petals 5(–6), (2.0–)2.9(–3.6) × (2.1–)2.7(–3.3) mm, white, very rarely basally flushed pink, broadly ovate, suborbicular to orbicular, rarely ± cuneate-truncate, spreading, upper third often weakly recurved, apex rounded, margins ± finely and irregularly crumpled or frayed, oil glands not evident in fresh or dried material. Stamens 18–38(–46) in 1–2 weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens (2–)3(–4), antisepalous (2–)4(–6). Outermost antipetalous stamens outcurved, widely spreading, more rarely slightly incurved, on filaments 2.0–3.6 mm long, inner stamen if present, 0.4–0.9 mm, outcurved or incurved. Antisepalous stamens usually shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, 0.6–3.6 mm, weakly incurved or outcurved, usually in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.06–0.1 × 0.06–0.09 mm, broadly ellipsoid to scutiform, latrorse. Pollen white (11.9–)15.4(–19.9) μm. Anther connective gland pale pink when fresh, drying pale orange, spheroidal, coarsely papillate. Ovary (3–)4(–5) locular, each with 18–22(–34) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 1.8–2.5(–3.0) mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly after anthesis, white basally flushed pink or pale pink; stigma narrowly capitate, as wide as or scarcely wider than style, ± flat, greenish-pink or pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface finely granular-papillate. Fruits long persistent, copiously covered in short, silky, antrorse-appressed hairs; (2.2–)3.0(–3.6) × (2.7–)3.2(–3.9) mm, initially graphite grey, maturing to charcoal at dehiscence, and in old dehisced capsules fading to greyish-white; narrowly obconic to obconic, rarely cupular, calyx valves persistent, incurved, somewhat chartaceous, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 0.52–1.04(–1.09) × 0.38–0.58(–0.72) mm, obovoid, oblong, or oblong-ellipsoid, usually curving toward apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute; base oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Sep–)Nov–Jan(–Mar). FT: Feb–May(–Jul). Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22 (see de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 7). Endemic, New Zealand, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (20–510 m a.s.l.). On Aotea (Great Barrier Island) found mostly on the rhyolite outcrops of the central high points and western slopes (de Lange and Norton 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 44.Lectotype of Leptospermum sinclairii Kirk (T. Kirk 959, WELT SP029323 (piece labelled in pencil “A”). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12655.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12655.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 45.Kunzea sinclairii specimen from the private T. Kirk Herbarium (WELT SP044298) bearing two conflicting labels, one by Hutton and the other by Kirk. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12656.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12656.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 46.Details of labels on herbarium sheet WELT SP044298. A Pencil label on blue paper in handwriting of Captain F. W. Hutton bearing annotations in Indian ink by T. Kirk—annotations comprise the manuscript name ‘v. Sinclairii’, a change of collection date and the crossing out of Hutton’s name as collector B Second label on herbarium paper bearing the handwriting of T. Kirk in Indian ink. Neither label can be matched with certainty to the specimen mounted on WELT SP044298. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12657.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12657.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 47.Lectotype of Leptospermum ericoides var. pubescens Kirk (T. Kirk s.n., AK 5515). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12658.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12658.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 48.Label details of the lectotype of Leptospermum ericoides var. pubescens Kirk (AK 5515). A Bottom-most label written by T. Kirk and including critical details from the protologue of var. pubescens B Second label from bottom in handwriting of T. Cheeseman C Top most label recording use of specimen AK 5515 for Cheeseman’s Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora (Cheeseman 1914). Arrows indicate position of the preceding labels. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12659.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12659.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_p_6 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 49.Distinguishing features of Kunzea sinclairii. A Flowering branchlets (ex cult. AK 246813) B Vegetative bud, leaf and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246813) C Three year old seedling (no voucher, ex cult. Aotea (Great Barrier Island), Mt Young) D Adaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246813) E Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246813) F Leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246813) G Leaf variation from seedling to adult (taken from (C) above): (G1) glabrous leaves of seedling (first year of growth), (G2) second year transitional leaves, first three w, next three hairy; (G3) third year adult leaves (no voucher, ex cult. Aotea (Great Barrier Island), Mt Young) H Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246813) I Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246813) J Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246813) K Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246813) L Stamens (ex cult. AK 246813) M Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246813). Scales bars: (A, C, G) 10 mm; (D, D, E, H–M) 1 mm; (F) 0.5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12660.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12660.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_p_7 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 50.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea sinclairii. (A–G all AK 140485) Branchlet indumentum H–K Seeds (AK 278809). Scale bars: (A, D, H) 1 mm; (B) 500 μm; (E–G, I–K) 100 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12661.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12661.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_p_8 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 51.Kunzea sinclairii. A Rhyolite rock canyons on Aotea (Great Barrier Island), providing one of the key habitats for Kunzea sinclairii (which is the dominant shrub in the image), Aotea (Great Barrier Island), Windy Canyon (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Decumbent Kunzea sinclairii shrubs on rhyolitic saprolite at the type locality for the species, Aotea (Great Barrier Island), Mt Young (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Typical long trailing form of Kunzea sinclairii cascading down Rhyolite cliffs; Aotea (Great Barrier Island), near Mt Young D Kunzea sinclairii in full flower, ex cult. Aotea (Great Barrier Island), Mt Young (photo: J. E. Braggins) E Kunzea sinclairii freshly opened flowers, flower buds, and bud just prior to bud burst, Aotea (Great Barrier Island), Mt Heale (photo: G. M. Crowcroft). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12662.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12662.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10_p_9 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of Kunzea ericoides, Kunzea salterae, Kunzea sinclairii, Kunzea tenuicaulis, Kunzea toelkenii, Kunzea triregensis and Kunzea “Lottin Point”. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12618.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_description phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(Figs 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58). Growth habit trees (8–)20–25(–30) m tall, rarely decumbent shrubs up to 1 × 3 m; trees, depending on local conditions, mostly forming broad spreading canopies; in exposed situations branching at or close to the trunk base, while those growing in dense stands or sheltered sites usually with the lower 50–75% of the trunk devoid of branches. Trunk 1(–6) erect, 0.10–0.65(–1.0) m d.b.h.; mature trees usually devoid of branches for at least the first 1–3 m, basal portion of trunks covered with firm to semi-detached, stringy to coarsely tessellated, corky-coriaceous bark. Bark early bark subcoriaceous, grey-brown, cinnamon brown or dark brown, elongate, usually bearing deep transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise firmly attached, margins elongate, sinuous, ± entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark either stringy, or coarsely tessellated, mostly corky-coriaceous, though in dense forest stands tending toward subcoriaceous or chartaceous, firmly attached above, detaching basally, often hanging semidetached; peeling upwards along trunk in narrow to broad, tabular strips up to 4 m long, margins ± entire to weakly irregular, usually straight; upper surface either ± smooth with coarsely tessellated but firm upper surface, or deeply and longitudinally corrugated and cracked (rarely peeling); early bark flakes usually crumbling in hand, old bark strips firm and not crumbling, snapping with a ± entire margin. Branches initially arising from or close to trunk base; these initial branches progressively dying, such that branches are increasingly confined to the upper 50–75% of trunk. Branches weakly flexuose or not, initially erect, soon arching outwards and spreading with distal ends mostly erect, rarely with whole branch or distal portion completely pendulous; branchlets numerous, slender, clustered toward branch ends, ± quadrangular to subterete, with leaves ± evenly spaced along length or in exposed situations, crowded toward apices; branchlets sericeous, indumentum copious, hairs hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young, maturing grey); mostly either long or short antrorse-appressed; if long, then usually weakly flexuose hairs 0.15–0.20(–0.38) mm long; if short, not flexuose, 0.09–0.15 mm long. In eastern Coromandel Peninsula and coastal East Cape to near Mahia Peninsula, branchlet indumentum in mixtures of mainly short (0.03–)0.05(–0.08) mm long divergent hairs, and sparse, 0.1–0.2 mm long, antrorse-appressed hairs (see Fig. 57A–D). In the Rangitikei region, seedling and juvenile plants up to 2 m tall have branchlet hairs mostly divergent, short (0.04–)0.08(–0.10) μm long. Vegetative buds conspicuous; at resting stage 0.3–2.8 mm diam., ovoid to broadly ellipsoid; scales scarious, deciduous or persistent, 0.6–0.8(–1.4) mm long, amber, red-brown to wine-red, basally broadly ovate, grading through ovate-deltoid to broadly lanceolate, cuspidate; midrib prominent, strongly keeled, prolonged to short cuspidate tip, lateral veins absent, colliculate, with oil glands, scattered, colourless, drying the same colour as the scale body, apical scale margins, keel, and keel apex copiously covered in long, white, sericeous hairs. Leaves with distinct juvenile and adult forms, sessile to shortly petiolate, well spaced to crowded along branchlets, spreading, suberect to patent, flat to weakly recurved in apical 30–50%, light green or dark green above, paler beneath; oblanceolate, broadly oblanceolate, broadly lanceolate, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, rarely elliptic to obovate; apex subacute to acute, rarely obtuse, rostrate or shortly apiculate, base attenuate to narrowly attenuate; adaxial surface flat, weakly convex to slightly v-shaped; oil glands up to 600, evident when fresh, becoming more conspicuous when dry, midrib very slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, leaf base finely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs, glabrate; abaxial surface slightly concave to flat or v-shaped in apical recurved portion otherwise weakly concave, finely glandular punctate, oil glands abundant up to 500, more evident when dry; midrib slightly raised for entire length, prolonged slightly at apex, hairs as for adaxial surface; lamina margin initially finely covered with a thin often interrupted band of 0.2–0.8 mm long, flexuose, spreading to antrorse-appressed hairs not or rarely meeting at apex; hairs mostly shedding with age, usually with only the basal portion ± retained. Lamina of juvenile plants from mainly coastal areas and northern North Island (14.6–)19.0(–28.4) × (1.6–)2.2(–2.5) mm; from inland areas, especially the Rangitikei, central and northern Wairarapa and Mt Egmont, (3.2–)4.6(–6.3) × (0.7–)1.2(–1.5) mm; adult lamina of plants from mainly coastal areas and northern North Island (4.9–)14.2(–20.1) × (0.9–)1.7(–3.0) mm; from inland areas, especially from the central North Island, Rangitikei, Wairarapa, and Central Otago (5.8–)9.3(–12.3) × (1.2–)1.8(–2.2). Perules usually very conspicuous, rarely obscured by surrounding leaves; at resting stage 1.9–3.0 mm diam., broad ovoid, ovoid, narrow-ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, squamiform; scales scarious, persistent, 0.6–1.0(–1.6) mm long, red-brown to red, basally broadly ovate, grading through ovate-deltoid to broadly lanceolate, cuspidate; midrib prominent, becoming even more on old or dried specimens, strongly keeled, prolonged to a short cuspidate tip (this becoming more obvious on drying), lateral veins absent, colliculate, with oil glands, scattered, colourless, drying the same colour as the scale body, upper scale margins, keel, and keel apex copiously covered in long, white, silky hairs. Inflorescence mostly a compact corymbiform to shortly elongate (1–)12(–30)-flowered botryum up to 60 mm long; usually on brachyblasts with the terminal shoot corymbiform or extending toward the end of the flowering season as a slightly longer (up to 80 mm long) 4–12-flowered, elongate botryum; flowers usually crowded, terminal portion usually bearing undeveloped flowers and dormant vegetative bud or active vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested with short, spreading to antrorse-appressed silky hairs. Pherophylls deciduous or more or less persistent; squamiform grading into foliose; squamiform pherophylls tightly clasping pedicels, 0.4–1.2 × 0.3–0.6 mm, red-brown to brown, broadly to narrowly deltoid or lanceolate, apex acute, subacute to obtuse, weakly keeled, upper keel and margins finely ciliate; foliose pherophylls spreading, flat or weakly recurved, (6.0–)9.0(–17.9) × (1.1–)1.2(–1.8) mm, green, elliptic, oblanceolate, broadly lanceolate to lanceolate, apex obtuse, cuspidate, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually convex to weakly v-shaped, oil glands 10–30(–50), midrib slightly raised near base, evident for rest of length, basally covered in sparse to dense, antrorse-appressed, silky hairs; abaxial surface flat or weakly convex, glandular punctate, oil glands 20–40; midrib raised for most of length, densely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs to apex, lamina margin obscured by dense covering of antrorse-appressed hairs. Pedicels (1.2–)3.8(–5.2) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, sparsely to densely invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs. Flower buds pyriform to obconic, apex flat or weakly domed prior to bud burst; calyx valves not meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (4.3–)7.7(–12.0) mm diam., usually reducing in size toward end of flowering season. Hypanthium (2.1–)3.1(–4.1) × (3.0–)3.9(–5.2) mm, with free portion 0.4–0.9 mm long, dark green or red-green, drying green-brown or red-brown; mostly broadly obconic to turbinate, sometimes cupular, terminating in dark-green to red-green coriaceous rim bearing five persistent calyx lobes. Hypanthium surface when fresh faintly ribbed and sparingly dotted with pink or colourless oil glands, these drying dull yellow-brown or brown; either finely pubescent with the ribs and veins conspicuously covered in longer silky, antrorse-appressed hairs, or glabrous; hypanthium similar when dry though with the ribs more strongly defined and clearly leading up to calyx lobes. Calyx lobes 5, persistent, mostly spreading, coriaceous, (0.52–)0.83(–1.1) × (0.60–)0.90(–1.4) mm, pale green to red-green, broadly ovate, ovate-truncate to broadly obtuse, weakly keeled, external face of keel usually obscured by a broad band of antrorse-appressed, silky, white hairs, otherwise glabrous; margins white or pale green often flushed pink, surface somewhat sparsely glandular punctate, oil glands ± colourless when fresh drying dark yellow to yellow-brown, otherwise glabrate. Receptacle green or pink at anthesis, consistently darkening to crimson after fertilisation. Petals 5(–6), (1.5–)2.6(–3.8) × (1.3–)2.6(–3.6) mm, white, rarely pink (sometimes drying pale yellow or cream), spreading, orbicular, suborbicular to ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, margins ± finely and irregularly denticulate or crimped 1–6 or more times, rarely entire, oil glands colourless, drying opaque or grey. Stamens (15–)33(–58) in 2 weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens 3–5(–6) sometimes petaloid, antisepalous stamens (3–)5(–8). Outermost antipetalous stamens usually outcurved, sometimes weakly incurved or in mixtures of both on filaments 1.5–4.6(–5) mm long, inner stamens usually at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair (0.8–)2.3–3.1 mm, weakly incurved. Antisepalous stamens mostly shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, sometimes of comparable length, generally 0.6–1.2 mm, weakly to strongly incurved, very rarely a few outcurved. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.38–0.63 × 0.18–0.32 mm, ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid or deltoid, latrorse. Pollen white (9.1–)14.7(–15.1) μm. Anther connective gland prominent, light pink, salmon pink, yellow to orange when fresh, drying dark orange, orange-brown or dark brown, spheroidal, finely rugulose or papillate. Ovary 5(–6) locular, each with 15–26(–36) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 2.0–2.5(–3.5) mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly after anthesis, white or pinkish-white; stigma broadly capitate, at least 1.5× style diam., flat, greenish-white or pale pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface finely granular-papillate. Fruits mostly all falling within 1–2 months of seed dehiscence, but a few long persistent, (2.2–)3.8(–4.6) × (3.2–)4.0(–5.3) mm, initially dark green to chesnut-brown fading with age to greyish white, obconic, broadly obconic to ± turbinate, rarely cupular; veins and ribs ± conspicuous on drying; external surface distinctly hairy, very rarely glabrescent or glabrous; hairs short to long antrorse-appressed; calyx valves incurved, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium. Seeds 0.9–1.0(–1.1) × 0.35–0.40(–0.48) mm, oblong, oblong-obovate, oblong-elliptic, curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2–3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute, base oblique, ± flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Aug–)Nov–Jan–Feb(–Jun). FT: (Jul–)Feb–Apr(–May). Chromosome Number n = 11II, 2n = 22, 23 (see de Lange and Murray 2004). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_distribution phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 59). Endemic. New Zealand, North and South Islands (sea level – 1000 m a.s.l.). In the North Island widespread with the exception of Te Paki and the sand tombolo of Te Aupouri. Scarce in Taranaki, from where de Lange (2006) (treated there as Kunzea aff. ericoides (B)) had erroneously stated that the species was absent from Mt Taranaki/Egmont because at that time the populations of Kunzea on that mountain were believed to represent another allied, but potentially distinct, species, Kunzea aff. ericoides (f) (see de Lange and Murray 2004; de Lange et al. 2005). In the southern one-third of the North Island, it appears to be absent from Kapiti Island from where only Kunzea amathicola has thus far been collected. In the South Island, Kunzea robusta, although wide ranging, is often absent over large parts of seemingly suitable habit. It is also naturally absent from most of north and south-west Nelson where it is replaced by Kunzea ericoides and, in the extreme north-west, Kunzea amathicola. However, occasional trees and stands grow near Wangapeka and in places along the Buller River. It was also planted around Totaranui, Abel Tasman National Park from where it began to naturalise.Those plantings have now been eradicated. On the West Coast, in an area centred on Fairdown, Westport, and Cape Foulwind and also within the lower Grey River catchment, Kunzea robusta is locally abundant. It also grows to the west of the main divide along the upper Ahaura River, below Mt Ranunculus, and on the foothills of the Alexandra Range. South of here, Kunzea robusta is scarce with only isolated, mainly roadside stands present near Kumara and Hokitika. The close association of these stands to roadsides suggests that the stands may not be natural, or that the species has benefited from the frequent disturbance caused by road construction and ongoing maintenance. Occasional trees of this species have also been collected from Okarito (e.g., B. H. Macmillian 97/22 & E. H. Woods (CHR 512939)) where they occur as planted specimens and from which source it is now naturalising. In the eastern South Island this species is more widespread, though initially strictly as a coastal and lowland tree of the Marlborough Sounds south to about North Canterbury. In North Canterbury, Kunzea robusta occasionally extends well inland up the river valleys where it is sympatric with and eventually replaced by Kunzea serotina. South of there, on Banks Peninsula, Kunzea robusta seems to be the only species present, while on the adjacent Canterbury Plains it is completely replaced by Kunzea serotina until, on the slightly more elevated foothills of south Canterbury, Kunzea robusta reappears as a local dominant. In north-eastern Otago, Kunzea robusta is common around Trotters Gorge and the Horse Range but south of here it has an otherwise mainly coastal distribution, reaching its greatest abundance around Dunedin and on the adjacent Otago Peninsula. A few inland locations are known, especially around Lakes Hawea and Wanaka, where the species is sympatric with Kunzea serotina. Kunzea robusta is also common along the northern and eastern foothills of the Dunstan Range south of which it occurs only very locally, in isolated patches along the Clutha River as far south as Kaitangata and Balclutha. These southerly outliers are not only the southern limit for the species but also for the genus worldwide. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 e45ae3aa4767ad906a831ec48ac80ca5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_p_1 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 52.Holotype of Kunzea robusta de Lange et Toelken (P. J. de Lange 4647, AK 288521). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12663.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12663.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_p_2 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 53.Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta. A Flowering branchlets of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) B Fruiting branchlet (AK 285561) C Flowering branchlets of eastern North Island variant, (AK 288499) D Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 285561) E Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 285561) F Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 285561) G Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 285561) H Stamens (ex cult. AK 285561) I Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 285561). Scale bars: (A–C) 10 mm; (D–I) 1 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12664.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12664.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_p_3 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 54.Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta continued. J Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) K Seedling of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Albany Scenic Reserve) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) P Leaf variation within two individuals (P1) North Island, Auckland, Green Bay (no voucher), (P2), North Island, Hapuakohe Range, Wai Iti Road, (ex cult. AK 285561) Q Leaf variation: (Q1) North Island, Cavalli Island (AK 150268), (Q2) North Island, Whangaroa Harbour (AK 226190), (Q3) North Island, Puketi (AK 169749), (Q4) North Island, Mangatoa Stream (AK 254925), (Q5) North Island, Mokohinau Islands group (AK 226069), (Q6) North Island, Puhoi (AK 250787), (Q7) North Island, Waikawau Bay (AK 245109), (Q8) North Island, Mangatawhiri Valley (AK 208449), (Q9) North Island, Kauaeranga Valley (AK 242671), (Q10) North Island, Whangamarino (AK 242673), (Q11) North Island, Hamilton, Hammond Bush (AK 207190), (Q12) North Island, Kohioawa Beach (AK 287041), (Q13) North Island, Moutohora (Whale Island) (AK 289818), (Q14) North Island, Whakatane, Kohi Point (AK 289950), (Q15) North Island, Torere (AK 289977), (Q16) North Island, Hicks Bay (AK 285565), (Q17) North Island, Haupara Point (AK 288506), (Q18) North Island, Ruatoria (AK 286087), (Q19) North Island, Awaroa Scenic Reserve (AK 287864), (Q20) North Island, Lake Okataina (AK 288229), (Q21) North Island, Whakamaru (AK 288041), (Q22) North Island, Lake Waikaremoana (AK 287026), (Q23) North Island, Tangarakau River (AK 286129), (Q24) North Island, Kaweka Range (AK 288045), (Q25) North Island, Mahia Peninsula (AK 286160), (Q26) North Island, Frasertown (AK 287040), (Q27) North Island, Tangoio (AK 286251), (Q28) North Island, Kawhatau River (AK 288075), (Q29) North Island, Oroua (AK 288048), (Q30) North Island, Pohangina River (AK 288047), (Q31) North Island, Foxton (AK 288695), (Q32) North Island, Mangatainoka River (AK 289513), (Q33) North Island, Upper Tauweru River (AK 288023), (Q34) North Island, Putangirua Pinnacles (AK 287531), (Q35) South Island, D’Urville Island (AK 288513), (Q36) South Island Port Underwood (AK 288592), (Q37) South Island, Waima River (AK 286221), (Q38) South Island, Clarence River (AK 288569), (Q39) South Island, Happy Valley (AK 285567), (Q40) South Island, Banks Peninsula (AK 286135), (Q41) South Island, Buller River, near Westport (AK 288441), (Q42) South Island, Dunedin (AK 288441). Scale Bars: (J, L–N) 1 mm; (K, P, Q) 10 mm; (O) 0.5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12665.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12665.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_p_4 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 55.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (common variant). (A–C all AK 285565) Branchlet indumentum D–F Seeds (AK 285565). Scale bars: (A) 1 mm; (B) 100 μm; (C) 10 μm; (D) 1mm; (E, F) 100 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12666.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12666.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_p_5 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 56.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (Rangitikei variant). A–H all AK 288076 A–B Branchlet indumentum of juvenile C–H Branchlet indumentum of adult. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12667.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12667.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_p_6 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 57.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (eastern North Island variant). A–D all AK 286067, Branchlet indumentum. Scale bars: (A, C) 1 mm; (B) 100 μm; (D) 50 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12668.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12668.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_p_7 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 58.Kunzea robusta. A Kunzea robusta in full flower as an emergent in Kauri (Agathis australis) dominated forest, North Island, Waitakere Ranges (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Adult tree of Kunzea robusta showing distinctive growth habit and broad, spreading canopy, North Island, Auckland City (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Trunk and lower branches of Kunzea robusta showing branching pattern and bark (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea robusta young trees of the common variant in full flower, North Island, Auckland, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Kunzea robusta example of the fine-leaved eastern North Island variant, Hawke’s Bay, Tangoio (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Young tree of Kunzea robusta in open pasture showing branching from base, North Island, near Wairoa (photo: P. J. de Lange) G Kunzea robusta tree protruding from Cupressus macrocarpa stump in pasture, North Island, Wairarapa (photo: J. E. Braggins); (H–M) Kunzea robusta bark types: (H) North Island, Wairakei I North Island, Kendal’s Bay J North Island, Hunua Range, (K, L) North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River M Bark flakes showing narrowly, tabular shape and regular margins, North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River (photos: P. J. de Lange) N Flowering branchlets, North Island, Green Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) O Kunzea robusta holotype tree in full flower, North Island Papatea Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) P Close up of flowers, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (photo: G. M. Crowcroft). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12669.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12669.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_p_8 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 59.Distribution of Kunzea robusta. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12670.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12670.jpg 2014 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11_p_9 phytokeys.40.7973.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea serotina. A–E Branchlet indumentum (AK 285217) F–I Seeds (AK 289978) I Testa surface showing reticulum (AK 289978). Scale bars: (A, D, G) 1 mm; (B) 500 μm; (C, E, F, H) 100 μm; (I) 50 μm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1924 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Peter J. de Lange de Lange P (2014) A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex PhytoKeys (40): 1–185 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12621.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_12621.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_1_description phytokeys.42.7924.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree to 25 m tall, young branches sparsely tomentellous, conspicuously lenticellate with age. Leaves with small triangular to linear stipules to 1.0 mm long, early caducous; petioles 4–7 mm long, terete, rugose, sparsely tomentellous; lamina oblong to oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, 4–8.5 × 1.5–3 cm, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen 4–8 mm long, glabrous above, densely rufous lanate-tomentose beneath, with scattered palisade glands mainly near to midrib; midrib plane above, prominent beneath; veins 10–12 pairs, plane above, prominulous beneath. Inflorescence terminal and axillary much-branched panicles with many short branches bearing 1–3 flowers, the rachis and branches rufous-brown tomentose. Bracts and bracteoles membraneous, triangular-acute, c 1 mm long, borne at base and on pseudopedicels, the ciliate margins with glandular hairs; pedicels 0–5 mm long, flowers articulate just below receptacle base where upper bracteoles are borne 2–7 mm below articulations. Receptacle campanulate, rufous-tomentose on exterior. Flowers seen only in young fruiting condition; calyx lobes 5, markedly triangular, tomentose on exterior, interior glabrous towards base, tomentellous towards apex. Petals triangular, margins ciliate. Stamens 12–14, inserted around complete circle, slightly exceeding calyx lobes in length. Style basal; ovary of young developing fruit densely rufous-tomentose becoming less so with age, unilocular with 2 ovules. Mature fruit not seen. \nPeru. Pasco: Oxapampa, Palcazu District, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Cerro Panjil-Ozuz, Permanent plot tree 24, 10°10'S, 75°10'W, 850 m, 12 May 2005, A Monteagudo, A Peña, R. Francis et al. 8250 (holotype, K; isotypes, AMAZ, HUT, MO, MOL, USM). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4069 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ghillean T. Prance Prance G (2014) Three new species of Licania (Chrysobalanaceae) from Peru PhytoKeys (42): 1–10 5b09de995c9a6522c1d10349b6e0fa19 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Photo of the holotype of Licania palcazuensis (Monteagudo et al. 8250). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4069 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ghillean T. Prance Prance G (2014) Three new species of Licania (Chrysobalanaceae) from Peru PhytoKeys (42): 1–10 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31507.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31507.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Close up of distinctive inflorescence of Licania palcazuensis. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4069 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ghillean T. Prance Prance G (2014) Three new species of Licania (Chrysobalanaceae) from Peru PhytoKeys (42): 1–10 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31508.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31508.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_2_description phytokeys.42.7924.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree to 24 m tall, young branches glabrous, not lenticellate. Leaves with small lanceolate, caducous stipules to 2 mm long; petioles 10–13 mm long, sparsely puberulous or tomentellous when young, terete; lamina ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, 5–14 × 3.5–9 cm, rounded to subcuneate at base, acute to apiculate at apex, glabrous and shiny above; lower surface with deeply reticulate venation filled with a rufous pubescence; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath; veins 6–8 pairs, slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; secondary veins prominent and more or less parallel forming a reticulate pattern, tertiary venation flattened forming stomatal crypts. Inflorescence terminal and axillary towards apex of flowering branches, racemose once-branched panicles, the rachis and branches brown-tomentellous. Flowers ca 1.5–2 mm long, sessile on primary branches of inflorescence. Bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous. Receptacle cupuliform, sessile, short-tomentose on exterior, densely tomentose within; calyx lobes 5, acute, tomentose on both surfaces. Petals absent. Stamens 5–6, inserted to one side of ring. Style basal, pubescent for 2/3 of length, included; ovary pilose-tomentose, inserted at base of receptacle. Fruit not seen. \nPeru. Amazonas: Bagua Prov., Imaza Dist., Comunidad Aguaruna de Putuim, Monte Alto de Putuim, 5°00'54"S, 78°22'44"W, 500 m, 25 Aug 1994, C.Diaz, S.J.Kayip, & P. Atamain 7016 (holotype K; isotype MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4069 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ghillean T. Prance Prance G (2014) Three new species of Licania (Chrysobalanaceae) from Peru PhytoKeys (42): 1–10 5b09de995c9a6522c1d10349b6e0fa19 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Photo of the holotype of Licania apiknae (Diaz et al. 7016). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4069 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ghillean T. Prance Prance G (2014) Three new species of Licania (Chrysobalanaceae) from Peru PhytoKeys (42): 1–10 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31509.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31509.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Close up of inflorescence of Licania apiknae. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4069 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ghillean T. Prance Prance G (2014) Three new species of Licania (Chrysobalanaceae) from Peru PhytoKeys (42): 1–10 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31510.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31510.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_3_description phytokeys.42.7924.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree to 25 m tall, the young branches sparsely puberulous, not conspicuously lenticellate. Leaves with lanceolate stipules to 2 mm long, caducous, adnate to base of petiole; petioles 2–3 mm long, terete, tomentellous when young; lamina elliptic, coriaceous, 3–7 × 1.5–3.5 cm, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen 3–6 mm long, glabrous above, densely brown-tomentellous beneath; midrib plane above, prominent beneath; veins 6–7 pairs, plane above, prominulous beneath. Inflorescence of terminal and subterminal panicles of racemes, the rachis and branches yellow-brown tomentose. Bracts and bracteoles lanceolate to triangular, 1–2 mm long, tomentose, caducous. Flowers almost sessile on primary inflorescence branches. Receptacle turbinate, tomentose on exterior, densely tomentose--pilose within, constricted at base to a minute pedicel 0.5 mm long; calyx lobes 5, acute, triangular, tomentose on exterior, sparsely tomentose within. Petals absent. Stamens 5–6, inserted opposite four calyx lobes. Style basal, pubescent for ¾ of length; ovary rufous tomentose. Fruit pyriform, 2–2.5 × 1 cm, exterior densely rufous-brown tomentose. \nPeru. Pasco: Distr. Palcazu, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén, Estación Biologica Paujil, 10°43'S, 74°54'W, 800 m, 12 May 2003, A. Monteagudo, G. Ortiz & R. Francis 5164 (holotype, K; isotype, MO) http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4069 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ghillean T. Prance Prance G (2014) Three new species of Licania (Chrysobalanaceae) from Peru PhytoKeys (42): 1–10 5b09de995c9a6522c1d10349b6e0fa19 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.Photo of the type of Licanis monteagudensis (Monteagudo et al. 5164). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4069 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ghillean T. Prance Prance G (2014) Three new species of Licania (Chrysobalanaceae) from Peru PhytoKeys (42): 1–10 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31511.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31511.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.42.7924.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.Close up of the inflorescence of Licania monteagudensis. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4069 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ghillean T. Prance Prance G (2014) Three new species of Licania (Chrysobalanaceae) from Peru PhytoKeys (42): 1–10 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31512.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31512.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7704.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nUSA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia) and the Caribbean. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.7704.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.42.7704.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Images of representative species of Nekemias Raf. A–B Nekemias arborea (L.) J. Wen & Boggan, voucher specimen: J. Wen 12005 (US), collected from Montgomery Co., Texas, USA C–D Nekemias cantoniensis (Hook. & Arn.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, voucher specimen: J. Wen 10613 (US), collected from Xichou Xian, Yunnan province, China E–F Nekemias celebica (Suess.) J. Wen & Boggan, voucher specimen: J. Wen 10242 (US), collected from SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31513.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31513.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7704.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nChina (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang), India, Japan (including the Ryukyu Islands), Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia (peninsular), and Indonesia (Java). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.7704.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.42.7704.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Images of representative species of Nekemias Raf. A–B Nekemias arborea (L.) J. Wen & Boggan, voucher specimen: J. Wen 12005 (US), collected from Montgomery Co., Texas, USA C–D Nekemias cantoniensis (Hook. & Arn.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, voucher specimen: J. Wen 10613 (US), collected from Xichou Xian, Yunnan province, China E–F Nekemias celebica (Suess.) J. Wen & Boggan, voucher specimen: J. Wen 10242 (US), collected from SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31513.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31513.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7704.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIndonesia (Sulawesi). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.7704.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.42.7704.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Images of representative species of Nekemias Raf. A–B Nekemias arborea (L.) J. Wen & Boggan, voucher specimen: J. Wen 12005 (US), collected from Montgomery Co., Texas, USA C–D Nekemias cantoniensis (Hook. & Arn.) J. Wen & Z.L. Nie, voucher specimen: J. Wen 10613 (US), collected from Xichou Xian, Yunnan province, China E–F Nekemias celebica (Suess.) J. Wen & Boggan, voucher specimen: J. Wen 10242 (US), collected from SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31513.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_31513.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7704.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nChina (Anhui, Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.7704.sp_6_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nChina (Yunnan). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.7704.sp_7_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nChina (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Yunnan). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.7704.sp_8_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nChina (Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Jiangxi). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.7704.sp_10_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nChina (Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.7704.sp_11_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nChina (Jiangxi). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.7704.sp_12_distribution phytokeys.42.7704.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nChina (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi and Sichuan), and India. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie Wen J, Boggan J, Nie Z (2014) Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., a segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern/southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations ZooKeys (42): 11–19 bfe70abb8788092ed8cbd2cc2e290e2e; 0a09827e176d494f168352df525ab948; 9ee102b947df0128378a784f072112fb phytokeys.42.8408.sp_1_description phytokeys.42.8408.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSub-shrub with 3–4 branches growing on cliff faces, ca. 25 cm tall, small side branches ca. 8 cm tall; stems brown, glabrous, lower portion smooth, upper portion striated, ca. 1 mm wide (when dry), glabrous, older nodes with the remains of leaf bases. Leaves opposite, simple, somewhat fleshy, glabrous, without true petioles but looking petiolate because of narrowed blade bases, 2.1–2.3 cm long; broad part of leaf ovate, glossy green above, dull green below, 1.1–1.5 cm long × 1.0–1.2 cm wide; margins of broad part of leaf dentate with teeth curved toward apex and with mucronate tips, 6–9 teeth per side; apex mucronate or apiculate; venation pinnate usually with one lateral vein for each tooth; narrow portion of leaf ca. 1 cm long decurrent with leaf bases wrapping around stem and nearly touching one another. Heads solitary, ~ 1 cm in diameter (excluding rays), peduncle 3 cm long, glabrous with prominent ribs (when dried); involucral bracts in 2–3 rows, outer two rows bright green, purple tipped in some, slightly fleshy, glabrous with 3 prominent veins (when dried), arched outward, ca. 5 mm × 1.3 mm (at the broadest point near the apex), apex rounded with a small acute tip; innermost row (may also be outer row of receptacular bracts) lanceolate, brownish with lighter hyaline margins, glabrous, 5.5 mm × 1.1 mm (at widest point near the base). Ray flowers yellow with many veins, 8–9 per head, sterile, ca. 9 mm long (including 2 mm tube) × 1.5–2.0 mm wide; disk flowers ca. 30–40, perfect; corollas yellow, glabrous; anther thecae dark, pollen yellow; style branches yellow. Pappus of 2 very short irregular awns with scattered hairs but without barbs. Achenes immature but apparently dark colored and glabrous, at least near the apex. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4150 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Vicki A. Funk, Kenneth R. Wood Funk V, Wood K (2014) Bidens meyeri (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae): a new critically endangered species from Rapa, Austral Islands PhytoKeys (42): 39–47 28dbc545ae101bd23531729d83c17e6c; aac94d0849feba15ee73c9d56afbee25 phytokeys.42.8408.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.42.8408.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Photos of Bidens type specimens: A–C Bidens meyeri holotype (PTBG): A–B Specimen before mounting A Side with the involucral bracts and (mostly) upper surface of the leaves showing B Side with the flowers and (mostly) the undersurface of leaves showing C Holotype of Bidens meyeri, housed at PTBG D Holotype of Bidens saint-johniana, housed at BISH. [Photo credits: A–C by Jesse Adams, PTBG; D sent by BISH]. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4150 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Vicki A. Funk, Kenneth R. Wood Funk V, Wood K (2014) Bidens meyeri (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae): a new critically endangered species from Rapa, Austral Islands PhytoKeys (42): 39–47 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_32601.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_32601.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.8408.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.42.8408.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Photos of Bidens meyeri: A Close up of a flowering plant, note the gloved finger holding the plant B J-Y Meyer climbing with Bidens in his teeth, note yellow flowering plant on the cliff face just above his left hand. [Photo credits: A by J-Y Meyer; B by R Englund; both taken 16 Dec 2002]. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4150 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Vicki A. Funk, Kenneth R. Wood Funk V, Wood K (2014) Bidens meyeri (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae): a new critically endangered species from Rapa, Austral Islands PhytoKeys (42): 39–47 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_32600.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_32600.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7604.sp_1_description phytokeys.42.7604.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLithophytes 10–17 cm long with a tuber 0.5 cm; stems aerial, hanging, glabrous; internodes 2.5–3 cm long; no white latex or translucent exudate. Stipules absent or deciduous without scars. Leaves distichous; blade narrowly subfalcate 5–7 × 1–1.4 cm, membranaceous, apex micrunate, base cunate, adaxial side glabrous and subspiculate, abaxial side white and glabrous; margins entire; petiole 1–2 mm long; venation brochidodromous; 5–7 pairs of secondary veins; tertiary veins scalariform. Receptacle elliptic to round, 3–4 mm in diameter, patelliform; margin greenish with triangular lobes (1 mm) and subspathulate appendages, 2–3 mm long; peduncle 1 mm long, glabrous. Staminate and pistilate flowers (7 to 8) tightly packed in receptacle: perianth short lobed, whit apex minutely 2–3 lobed, glabrous; stigma 0.1 mm long. Drupes and seeds are unknown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4190 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Miguel E. Leal Leal M (2014) Dorstenia luamensis (Moraceae), a new species from eastern Democratic Republic of Congo PhytoKeys (42): 49–55 f0c98ad91a0b0ae253d9052c5b1f6596 phytokeys.42.7604.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.42.7604.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Dorstenia luamensis M.E. Leal A habit B receptacle. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4190 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Miguel E. Leal Leal M (2014) Dorstenia luamensis (Moraceae), a new species from eastern Democratic Republic of Congo PhytoKeys (42): 49–55 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33145.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33145.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.7604.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.42.7604.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.A population of Dorstenia luamensis M.E.Leal on a vertical rock face (photo: M.E. Leal 2012). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4190 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Miguel E. Leal Leal M (2014) Dorstenia luamensis (Moraceae), a new species from eastern Democratic Republic of Congo PhytoKeys (42): 49–55 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33146.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33146.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_1_description phytokeys.42.8455.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerb, 30–80 cm tall; terrestrial; dioecious. Stems erect, succulent, branched, drying dark grayish-brown or almost black, glabrous, cystoliths fusiform to elliptic or absent, internodes 7–50 × 1–3 mm (shorter and narrower distally), terete, somewhat angular in cross-section when dry. Stipules ca 0.5–1 mm long, broadly deltate, drying dark brown with lighter brown margins, persistent. Leaves petiolate, distichous; petioles at each node unequal by a ratio of 1:3–24; major petioles 3–15 (–20) mm long, canaliculate above, glabrous; minor petioles 0.5–1 mm long or subsessile, canaliculate above, glabrous; laminae at each node unequal by a ratio of 1:3.1–11.1; major laminae in a pair 2.2–11.5 × (0.8–) 1.2–2.7 cm, lanceolate or elliptic, slightly falcate, sub-chartaceous to chartaceous, 3-nerved from the base, midrib and lateral nerves prominent below, lateral nerves visible almost the entire lamina length but disappearing just below the apex, secondary nerves 8–16 pair, borne 70–80 (–90)° to the midrib and then strongly curved distally, upper surface drying dark grayish-brown or almost black, glabrous except for scattered, minute, orange-brown peltate scales, cystoliths fusiform or absent, lower surface drying dark greenish- or reddish-brown, glabrous, base slightly asymmetrical, cuneate, margin regularly toothed, apex acuminate; minor laminae in a pair 0.7–2 × 0.4–1.5 mm, ovate to broadly-ovate, base slightly asymmetrical, auriculate, apex abruptly acuminate, otherwise as major laminae. Inflorescences 8–10 per stem, unisexual; bracts ca 0.75–1 mm long; bracteoles ca 0.75 mm long. Staminate inflorescences (1) 2 per axil, 6–12 mm long, bearing 12–25 flowers in a lax cyme; peduncles 1.5–7 mm long, usually shorter than major petioles, occasionally with cystoliths and/or minute, peltate scales present, otherwise glabrous; pedicels ca 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Staminate flowers ca 1.5 × 1 mm immediately prior to anthesis, whitish-green; tepals 4, ca 1.5 mm long, occasionally cystoliths present and often minute, peltate scales present at base, otherwise glabrous, the subapical appendages unequal, ca 0.25 mm long, corniculate, glabrous; stamens 4. Pistillate inflorescences (1) 2 per axil, ca 3 mm long, bearing 10–26 flowers in a congested cyme; peduncles ca 1–15 mm long, glabrous; pedicels 0.25–1 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flowers ca 1–1.25 mm long; cucullate tepal ca 1–1.25 mm long, ± lanceolate, appendage ca 0.25 mm long; lateral tepals ca 1–1.25 mm long, narrowly ovate. Infructescences 8–17 (–29) mm long; peduncles 5–13 (–23) mm long; achenes ca 1–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm, compressed, asymmetrically ellipsoid or lachrymiform, verrucose, margin narrowly thickened. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4191 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Basil Stergios Dorr L, Stergios B (2014) Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela PhytoKeys (42): 57–76 713e3da2a117260b0b773d2e6fc503fb; 07a184d1f7af6cf8666cb2fe07f8c2d6 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Pilea matthewii. A Habit of pistillate plant; note the sessile unequal leaf laminae at each node B Branchlet of staminate plant; note the unequal leaf laminae at each node C Leaf detail (upper surface of minor lamina) showing cystoliths D Staminate inflorescence E Staminate flower F Staminate flower showing anthers G Pistillate inflorescence H Pistillate flower. (A–C, G, H from L.J. Dorr et al. 4994 (US); D–F from B. Stergios et al. 20080 (US)). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4191 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Basil Stergios Dorr L, Stergios B (2014) Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela PhytoKeys (42): 57–76 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33147.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33147.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_2_description phytokeys.42.8455.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerb or shrublet, to 1.5 m tall; terrestrial; monoecious. Stems erect, branched, ± suffruticose, drying dull green or dark blackish-brown, glabrous, cystoliths fusiform, sometimes very dense, internodes 2.3–11 cm × 2–3 mm (shorter distally), terete and becoming ± angulate in cross-section when dry. Stipules ca 2 mm long, deltoid, drying light-brown, caducous. Leaves petiolate, distichous; petioles at the same node unequal by a ratio of 1:(5–) 10–20, major petioles 0.5–4 cm long, minor petioles ca 1 mm long or subsessile, glabrous; laminae of leaves at each node unequal by a ratio of 1:5–11.5; major laminae in a pair 5–11.5 × 2–5.5 (–7) cm, narrowly ovate to ovate or obovate, slightly asymmetric, membranous, 3-nerved from the base or lateral nerves diverging from the midrib 1–2 mm above the base, secondary nerves 12–14 pair, borne 80–90° to the midrib; upper surface dull or dark green, glabrous, cystoliths fusiform, unequal in size, often dense, lower surface pale or dull green, glabrous, midrib and secondary nerves prominently raised, base asymmetrically cuneate, margin coarsely crenate to serrate its entire length, apex long acuminate; minor laminae in a pair 0.9–2 × 0.5–1 cm, otherwise as major laminae. Inflorescences > 20 per stem, unisexual, white, whitish-green or green; bracts broadly deltate, ca 1 mm long; bracteoles broadly deltate, ca 1 mm long. Staminate inflorescences 4 per axil, 10–15 × 17–20 mm, bearing > 50 flowers in a loose, spreading cyme; peduncles 2–5 mm long, glabrous; pedicels ca 0.5–1 mm long, glabrous. Staminate flowers ca 1 mm long, greenish-white; tepals 4, ca 0.75 mm long, ± verrucose; stamens 4. Pistillate inflorescences 4 per axil, ca 10 × 18 mm, bearing > 50 flowers in a loose, spreading cyme; peduncles 2–5 mm long, glabrous; pedicels 0.5–0.75 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flowers ca 0. 5 mm long. Infructescences not seen. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4191 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Basil Stergios Dorr L, Stergios B (2014) Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela PhytoKeys (42): 57–76 713e3da2a117260b0b773d2e6fc503fb; 07a184d1f7af6cf8666cb2fe07f8c2d6 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Pilea miguelii. A Habit; note the unequal leaf laminae at each node B Leaf detail (major lamina upper surface) showing cystoliths C Staminate inflorescence D Detail of staminate inflorescence. E Staminate flower showing tepals covering anthers F Pistillate inflorescence G Pistillate flower H Pistillate flower with tepals teased apart to show mature ovary. (A from B. Stergios & M. Niño 16028 (PORT); B–E from B. Stergios & M. Niño 16028 (US); F–H from J.A. Steyermark 55767 (US)). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4191 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Basil Stergios Dorr L, Stergios B (2014) Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela PhytoKeys (42): 57–76 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33148.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33148.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_3_description phytokeys.42.8455.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerb, to 50 cm tall; terrestrial or hemiepiphytic; monoecious. Stems erect, ascending or spreading, rarely trailing, branched or not, succulent, drying brown or dark reddish-brown, glabrous, younger stems often with minute peltate glands, cystoliths fusiform or absent, internodes 6–50 × ca 1–3 mm (shorter distally), terete, ± flattened when dry, fragrant when crushed (fide Licata & Culleo 233). Stipules ca 1–1.25 mm long, broadly deltate, drying dark brown, persistent. Leaves petiolate, distichous; petioles at each node unequal by a ratio of 1:4.3–17 (–33); major petioles 12–33 mm long, canaliculate above, glabrous; minor petioles 1–4 mm long or subsessile, canaliculate above, glabrous; laminae of leaves at each node unequal by a ratio of 1:1.2–3.2; major laminae in a pair 3.7–9 × 1.4–3.2 cm (laminae usually larger distally), ovate or obovate, asymmetrical, subcoriaceous, 3-nerved from the base or lateral nerves diverging from midrib 1–2 mm above the base, sometimes forming flap-like domatia where the 3 nerves join, midrib and lateral nerves prominent or not, lateral nerves visible almost the entire length but disappearing just below the apex, secondary nerves 6–9 (–20) pair, often becoming obscure or fading distally, borne 60–80 (–90)° to the midrib, often strongly curved distally, upper surface dark green, drying dark brown or reddish-brown, glabrous or with minute, peltate scales, cystoliths fusiform, varying in length, lower surface pruinose, pale green, drying whitish with scattered dark spots and minute, peltate scales, cystoliths sometimes present, base cuneate or less commonly truncate, asymmetrical, margin regularly toothed, sometimes teeth overlapping the lamina, apex acute to shortly acuminate, sometimes asymmetrical; minor laminae in a pair 1.4–3.5 × 0.8–1.6 mm, otherwise as major laminae. Inflorescences 1–5 per stem, unisexual; bracts ca 1 mm long; bracteoles ca 1 mm long. Staminate inflorescences 1 per axil, 33–50 mm long, bearing (18–) 40–60 flowers in a ± compact to loose cyme; peduncles 25–45 mm long, equal to or exceeding major petioles in length, glabrous except for minute, peltate scales, occasionally cystoliths present; pedicels 0.5–1.25 mm long, glabrous. Staminate flowers ca 1 × 1.5 mm immediately prior to anthesis, white, creamy-white, greenish-white or greenish-red; tepals 4, ca 1 mm long, glabrous, occasionally cystoliths present and also often minute, peltate scales, apices ca 0.25 mm long, glabrous; stamens 4. Pistillate inflorescences 1 per axil, 1–12 mm long, bearing 15–30 flowers in a ± compact head-like cyme; peduncles 0.5–8 mm long, glabrous; pedicels ca 0.25–1 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flowers ca 1.25 mm long, cucullate tepal ca 1 mm long, elliptic or ovate, lateral tepals minute. Infructescences 23–28 mm long; peduncles 19–25 mm long; achenes 1–1.5 × ca 1 mm, slightly compressed, ± ellipsoid, verrucose, margin narrowly thickened. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4191 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Basil Stergios Dorr L, Stergios B (2014) Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela PhytoKeys (42): 57–76 713e3da2a117260b0b773d2e6fc503fb; 07a184d1f7af6cf8666cb2fe07f8c2d6 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Pilea nicholasii. A Habit; note the unequal leaf laminae at each node B Leaf detail (major lamina upper surface) showing cystoliths C Stipules, stem, and petiole bases with cystoliths D Staminate inflorescence E Staminate flower ± in bud F Staminate flower showing stamens G Infructescence H, I Pistillate flowers with developing achenes. (A, D–F from B. Stergios et al. 20074 (US); B, C from B. Stergios & R. Caracas 19671 (US); G–I from B. Stergios 19986 (US)). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4191 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Basil Stergios Dorr L, Stergios B (2014) Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela PhytoKeys (42): 57–76 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33149.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33149.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_4_description phytokeys.42.8455.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerb, to 1.25 m tall; terrestrial; dioecious. Stems erect or prostrate (fide Stergios & Caracas 19810), succulent, branched, drying reddish-brown, dull purple (fide Steyermark 55533) or almost black, glabrous, cystoliths punctiform or short fusiform, often clustered at nodes, internodes 0.8–3.5 × 1–4 mm (shorter distally), terete in cross-section, angulate when dry, nodes constricted (at least when dry). Stipules 6–11 mm long, narrowly triangular, drying pale brown or tan, persistent. Leaves petiolate, distichous; petioles at the same node unequal by a ratio of 1:11.5–13.5 (–23), canaliculate above, glabrous; major petioles 2.3–2.7 cm long; minor petioles ca 1–2 mm long; laminae of leaves at each node unequal by a ratio of 1:1.7–2.2, major laminae in a pair 6.5–9.5 × 1.5–3.2 cm, asymmetrically elliptic to narrowly-elliptic or obovate, membranous, 3-nerved with lateral nerves diverging from midrib 1–6 mm above the base, forming pocket domatia where the 3 nerves join, midrib and lateral nerves prominent below, slightly impressed (or not) above, lateral nerves visible almost the entire lamina length but disappearing below the apex, secondary nerves 8–14 pair, borne 70–90° to the midrib and then curved distally, upper surface dark green, drying dark brown, glabrous except for scattered, minute peltate scales, cystoliths fusiform or absent, lower surface pale green drying dark brown, glabrous except for scattered, minute peltate scales, base cuneate, asymmetrical, margin coarsely toothed entire length, apex long acuminate; minor laminae in a pair 3–5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, otherwise as major laminae. Inflorescences 1–10 per stem, unisexual, green suffused with maroon; bracts ca 2 mm long; bracteoles ca 1 mm long. Staminate inflorescences 1 per axil, 2.8–3.5 cm long, bearing ca 50 flowers in a compact head-like cyme; peduncles 2–3 cm long, glabrous with minute, scattered peltate scales, occasionally cystoliths present; pedicels ca 0.25 mm long. Staminate flowers ca 1.5 × 1–1.25 mm (mature flowers not seen); tepals 4, ca 2 mm long, notched inside; stamens 4. Pistillate inflorescences 1 or 2 per axil, ca 5 mm long, bearing ca 50 flowers in a ± loose cyme; peduncles ca 2 mm long, glabrous; pedicels minute. Pistillate flowers ca 0.5–0.75 mm long, cucullate tepal ca 0.5 mm long, ± lanceolate; lateral tepals minute. Infructescences 1–2.5 cm long, frequently including receptive pistillate flowers; peduncles 0.7–1.8 cm long; achenes ca 1.25 × 1 mm, compressed, asymmetrically ellipsoid or lachrymiform, verrucose, margin narrowly thickened with a very narrow hyaline wing. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4191 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Basil Stergios Dorr L, Stergios B (2014) Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela PhytoKeys (42): 57–76 713e3da2a117260b0b773d2e6fc503fb; 07a184d1f7af6cf8666cb2fe07f8c2d6 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.42.8455.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Pilea nidiae. A Habit; note the unequal leaf laminae at each node B Leaf detail (major lamina upper surface) showing cystoliths C Stipules and stem covered with cystoliths D Staminate inflorescence E Infructescence F, G Pistillate flowers with developing achenes. (A, D from J.L. Luteyn & E. Cotton 9705 (NY); B, C from J.A. Steyermark 55533 (US); E–G from B. Stergios & R. Caracas 19810 (US)). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4191 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Basil Stergios Dorr L, Stergios B (2014) Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela PhytoKeys (42): 57–76 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33150.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33150.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.8210.sp_1_description phytokeys.42.8210.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLiana. Branchlets subtetragonal to terete, finely striate, with lenticels, pubescent to puberulent, with simple and peltate trichomes; interpetiolar ridge absent or present; interpetiolar glands present; prophylls of the axillary buds 0.5–0.8 mm long, 1–2.5 mm wide, minute, shallowly triangular, puberulent throughout, with simple and peltate trichomes. Leaves 2–3 foliolate; terminal leaflets modified into a trifid tendril; petioles and petiolules with a more or less conspicuous canalicule on the upper side, puberulent to glabrescent throughout, with simple and peltate trichomes; petioles 1.8–5.6 cm long; petiolules (0.6–)1.4–3.8 cm long, lateral ones with equal lengths and the terminal one longer, when present; leaflets (3.2–)5–16.1 cm long, (1.3–)2–9.5 cm wide, membranous to chartaceous (sometimes subcoriaceous), discolor or concolor, ovate, apex caudate, mucronate, base cuneate to truncate or subcordate, symmetrical or asymmetrical, margin entire; the abaxial surface pubescent to puberulent throughout (sometimes only on and near the veins), with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; the adaxial surface pubescent to glabrescent throughout (sometimes only on and near the veins), with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; glandular trichomes evenly distributed throughout both surfaces; first venation pinnate, second venation weak brochidodromous, third venation alternate percurrent (sometimes random reticulate); pocket domatia with (sometimes without) trichomes. Inflorescence 3–9.5 cm long, a thyrse, axillary, dense, corymbose to conical in aspect; axis densely pubescent to puberulent, with simple and peltate trichomes; inflorescence bracts 0.5–2.5 mm long, predominantly caducous, triangular to linear triangular, densely pubescent to pubescent throughout; floral bracts 0.4–0.6 mm long, triangular; floral pedicels 1–7 mm long. Calyx green to grayish, 1.5–2.2 mm long, 1.4–1.9 mm wide, membranous to chartaceous, with a transversal aperture, truncate or minutely 5-denticulate, densely pubescent to pubescent outside, with simple and peltate trichomes, glabrous inside; lobes 0.1–0.2 mm long. Corolla cream or pale yellow, 0.8–1.5 cm long, 0.3–0.5 cm wide at the tube opening, bilabiate, with two (almost totally fused) upper lobes and three lower lobes, densely pubescent throughout outside, with simple and peltate trichomes; tube 3–5 mm long, internally glabrous at the top, tomentose at the base, with simple, long and short stipitate trichomes; nectar guides present, yellow; lobes entire, densely pubescent to pubescent throughout lower ones and at margins of or throughout upper ones; upper ones 0.4–1.4(–2.9) mm long, 0.7–1.5(–2.4) mm wide, acute to obtuse; lower ones 2.1–4 mm long, 2–3.6 mm wide, obtuse to rounded. Androecium with four fertile stamens inserted at 1.5–2.5 mm from the base of the corolla; shorter ones 3.5–5.5 mm long; longer ones 4.5–7 mm long; filaments with long and short stipitate trichomes at the base; anther thecae cream, 1.1–1.4 mm long, obovate to elliptic, divergent and reflexed forward, glabrous, subexserted; connective extending 0.2–0.3 mm beyond anther attachment; staminode covered with long and short stipitate trichomes, 1.5–2.7 mm long. Gynoecium ca. 7–9 mm long; ovary 1.3–1.5 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm wide, conical, velutinous, with simple trichomes, with a ring of longer trichomes at the base, with two or four series of ovules per locule; nectar disc reduced, not evident; style 5–7 mm long, tomentose at the base, with simple trichomes; stigma with lamellae lanceolate, glabrous. Fruit not seen. Seeds not seen. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4192 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Maria Cláudia M. P. de Medeiros, Lúcia G. Lohmann de Medeiros M, Lohmann L (2014) Two new species of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from Brazil PhytoKeys (42): 77–85 294dd6535c8df06de04974e76f0c66ca; 2a8db179cf26c4a0752c6fcc63578dac phytokeys.42.8210.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.42.8210.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Tynanthus densiflorus sp. nov.: A Flowering branch B Detail of lenticels in the oldest portion of branchelet C Detail of pubescent indumentum in the youngest portion of branchelet D–E Interpetiolar glands F Detail of inflorescence axis with bracts G Open corolla showing the androecium H Open calyx showing the gynoecium I Ovary cross section showing ovules [L.C. Procópio 14 (NY)]. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4192 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Maria Cláudia M. P. de Medeiros, Lúcia G. Lohmann de Medeiros M, Lohmann L (2014) Two new species of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from Brazil PhytoKeys (42): 77–85 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33151.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33151.jpg 2014 phytokeys.42.8210.sp_2_description phytokeys.42.8210.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLiana. Branchlets tetragonal to terete, finely striate, with lenticels, glabrescent (sometimes pubescent at the nodes), with peltate and patelliform trichomes (sometimes simple trichomes also present); interpetiolar ridge absent; interpetiolar glands absent; prophylls of the axillary buds 1.2–2.5 mm long, 0.7–1.1 mm wide, bromeliad-like, glabrescent (rarely puberulent), with peltate trichomes (rarely with simple trichomes as well). Leaves (2–)3 foliolate; terminal leaflets modified into a trifid tendril; petioles and petiolules with a more or less conspicuous canalicule on the upper side, puberulent throughout, with simple and peltate trichomes; petioles 1–6 cm long; petiolules 0.5–3.5 cm long, lateral ones with equal lengths and the terminal one longer, when present; leaflets (4–)5–11.9 cm long, (1.5–)1.9–5.4 cm wide, membranous to chartaceous, discolor, elliptic, apex acuminate or caudate, mucronate, base cuneate, symmetrical, margin entire; the abaxial surface glabrescent (sometimes pubescent) on and near the veins, with peltate and patelliform trichomes (sometimes also simple); the adaxial surface glabrescent on and near the veins, with peltate and patelliform trichomes; glandular trichomes distributed especially on the abaxial surface; first venation pinnate, second venation weak brochidodromous, third venation alternate percurrent (sometimes random reticulate); pocket domatia with trichomes. Inflorescence 3.6–7 cm long, a thyrse, axillary, lax, conical in aspect; axis pubescent, with simple and peltate trichomes; inflorescence bracts 0.7–3.9(–9) mm long, predominantly caducous, triangular to linear triangular, pubescent throughout or only at margins; floral bracts 0.5–0.7 mm long, triangular; floral pedicels 3.5–9 mm long. Calyx green, 2.3–2.7 mm long, 1.8–2.5 mm wide, membranous to chartaceous, with a transversal (sometimes oblique) aperture, minutely 5-denticulate, glabrescent (sometimes pubescent at teeth) outside, with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes, glabrous inside; lobes 0.1–0.4 mm long. Corolla white, 0.7–0.8 cm long, 0.25–0.34 cm wide at the tube opening, bilabiate, with two (almost totally fused) upper lobes and three lower lobes, densely pubescent throughout outside, with simple and peltate trichomes; tube 2.5–4 mm long, internally glabrous at the top, tomentose to pubescent at the base or glabrescent, with simple, long and short stipitate trichomes; nectar guides absent, but with a path of long and short stipitate trichomes; lobes entire, densely pubescent to pubescent throughout lower ones and at the margin of upper ones; upper ones 0.4–1.1 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, acute to obtuse; lower ones 1.8–3.2 mm long, 2.1–2.5 mm wide, obtuse to rounded (sometimes acute). Androecium with four fertile stamens, inserted at 1–1.5 mm from the base of the corolla; shorter ones 2.5–3.5 mm long; longer ones 4.5–5 mm long; filaments with long and short stipitate trichomes at the base; anthers thecae cream, 0.8–1.1 mm long, obovate to elliptic, divergent and reflexed forward, glabrous, subexserted; conective extending 0.2–0.3 mm beyond anther attachment; staminode glabrescent, with long and short stipitate trichomes, 2.4 mm long. Gynoecium ca. 4.5–6 mm long; ovary 0.8–1 mm long, 0.7–0.9 mm wide, conical, velutinous, with simple trichomes, with a ring of longer trichomes at the base, with two or four series of ovules per locule; nectar disc reduced, not evident; style 3.3–5 mm long, tomentose at the base, with simple trichomes; stigma with lamellae lanceolate, glabrous. Fruits not seen. Seeds not seen. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4192 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Maria Cláudia M. P. de Medeiros, Lúcia G. Lohmann de Medeiros M, Lohmann L (2014) Two new species of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from Brazil PhytoKeys (42): 77–85 294dd6535c8df06de04974e76f0c66ca; 2a8db179cf26c4a0752c6fcc63578dac phytokeys.42.8210.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.42.8210.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Tynanthus espiritosantensis sp. nov.: A Flowering branch B–D Leaflet with pubescent domatia in the abaxial surface E Interpetiolar region with bromeliad-like prophylls of the axillary buds F Detail the of inflorescence axis, showing bracts, simple and peltate trichomes G Open corolla, showing the androecium H Anther I Open calyx showing the gynoecium [D.A. Folli 5931 (SPF)]. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4192 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Maria Cláudia M. P. de Medeiros, Lúcia G. Lohmann de Medeiros M, Lohmann L (2014) Two new species of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from Brazil PhytoKeys (42): 77–85 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33152.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33152.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_1_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbaceous or woody, perennial (rarely annual or with annual shoots from perennial roots), tendril-climbing vines or lianas, rarely shrubs or small trees lacking tendrils; usually containing cyanogenic glycosides having a cyclopentenoid ring system; glabrous to densely pubescent with simple trichomes, rarely gland-headed. Stems terete to lobed or sharply angled, occasionally with anomalous secondary growth, the shoot apex erect to cernuous. Leaves alternate (very rarely subopposite to opposite), simple (rarely palmately compound), petiolate, often with variously shaped and positioned extrafloral nectary glands on the petiole; laminas unlobed or lobed, often heteroblastic, pinnately to often palmately (rarely pedately) veined, variegated or not, entire to serrate, peltate or not, often bearing small nectaries associated with marginal teeth or indentations, or abaxially submarginal, or abaxial between the major veins. Stipules setaceous or narrowly triangular to foliaceous, persistent or early deciduous, entire to serrate, sometimes the margins with glands, occasionally cleft. Tendrils axillary, simple (rarely compound), representing a modified flower stalk of the central part of the inflorescence, straight, curved, or circinate during development at the shoot apex, rarely with adhesive terminal disks. Inflorescences axillary, bracteate or rarely ebracteate, cymose, the central pedicel developed into a tendril, the peduncle very reduced or usually absent, the pedicels then arising collateral to the tendril (sometimes aborted), solitary or paired; secondary inflorescences may be present as condensed axillary or terminal shoots, determinate or rarely indeterminate; pedicels articulate distal to bracts, the distal portion called the floral stipe; bracts setaceous and scattered to foliaceous or pinnatifid and involucrate, occasionally glandular at margin. Flowers bisexual (sometimes functionally staminate), actinomorphic or rarely the reproductive parts zygomorphic; hypanthium ± flat to campanulate, occasionally the perianth basally connate/adnate into a floral tube; sepals 5 (very rarely 8), quincuncially imbricated (rarely non-overlapping) in the bud, occasionally carinate, sometimes with a subapical projection; petals 5 (very rarely 8) or sometimes wanting, quincuncially imbricated (rarely non-overlapping) in the bud, the same length as or shorter (rarely slightly longer) than the sepals; corona present at the base of the calyx or corolla or adnate to the inside of the floral tube, in 1 to many series of distinct to occasionally connate, short to elongate, often showy filaments or outgrowths, sometimes membranous, the innermost series, called the operculum, often connate at least basally, frequently membranous and shielding the nectary; the limen (extrastaminal nectariferous disk) present as a ring or cup around base of androgynophore (or rarely the ovary if androgynophore absent), or discoid or conical and adnate to the floor of hypanthium. Stamens 5(8 in one species), usually alternate with the petals, borne on an often elongate androgynophore or androgynophore rarely absent; filaments free just below ovary or rarely connate into a tube around ovary; anthers introrse in bud, moving to become extrorse (rarely latrorse) at anthesis, dorsifixed, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally, borne parallel or perpendicular to their filaments; pollen binucleate, 3- to 12-colporate. Carpels 3(-5), connate, ovary superior, unilocular, borne on an often elongate androgynophore (rarely sessile), placentation parietal, anatropous ovules numerous on each placenta; styles distinct, rarely connate near base; stigmas capitate, clavate, reniform, or occasionally bilobed. Fruit a few to many seeded berry, rarely a loculicidal or anomalously dehiscent capsule. Seeds arillate, usually flattened, the testa pitted, reticulate-foveate, or transversely grooved or sulcate; endosperm slightly ruminate, oily, abundant; embryo straight, the cotyledons usually elliptic to oblong-elliptic; germination epigeal (rarely hypogeal). Chromosome numbers: n = 6, 9, 10, 12 (rarely 7, 11, 18, 42). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_2_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSmall to medium-sized climbing or procumbent vines with perennial stems from woody perennial rootstocks or taproots, antrorsely appressed-puberulent more or less throughout, with unicellular, curved or occasionally erect trichomes, and sometimes sparsely to densely pubescent with longer unicellular, rarely multicellular, curved trichomes. Stems terete to somewhat compressed and two-edged, the shoot apex erect. Leaves simple, commonly bearing nectaries on the petiole (except in Passiflora eglandulosa and Passiflora mcvaughiana); petioles sometimes canaliculate, biglandular (rarely eglandular or with only a single gland) with opposite, subopposite or alternate, discoid, cupulate, obconical or capitate extrafloral nectaries; laminas unlobed or 2- to 3-lobed (rarely 5-lobed), often exhibiting heterophylly, sometimes cordate at base, entire (very rarely crenate), venation palmate, variegated or not, peltate or not, sometimes bearing small abaxial disciform or crateriform nectaries present ± submarginally between the major veins (very rarely associated with leaf crenations). Stipules setaceous to foliaceous, persistent, narrowly to widely ovate, rarely oblong or obovate, symmetrical or sometimes asymmetrical, entire, not glandular. Tendrils simple, lacking adhesive disks, straight or slightly curved during development at shoot apex. Inflorescences sessile in leaf axils, the pedicels solitary or paired, collateral with tendril, articulate, the articulation generally several mm below the flower; secondary inflorescences sometimes present as condensed axillary or usually terminal shoots, determinate or usually indeterminate; bracts 1–2 or lacking, narrowly ovate to entire. Flowers erect or rarely ± horizontal, greenish yellow sometimes with purplish to reddish markings, or red, hypanthium usually shallow, occasionally the calyx basally connate into a conspicuous floral tube; sepals ovate-triangular, not corniculate, greenish yellow, red, or rarely whitish; coronal filaments in 2 series (rarely 1 or 7 series), greenish yellow, sometimes with yellow and/or purple to red markings, or purple to red (sometimes very dark reddish purple), linear, often subcylindrical in cross-section, inner filaments usually capitate; operculum connate, membranous, plicate (very rarely denticulate), incurved or rarely semierect and laying against androgynophore; nectary trough-shaped or rarely absent, commonly lacking or possessing a very inconspicuous nectar ring or annulus; limen adnate to floor of hypanthium or rarely absent (in Passiflora viridiflora the limen present as a shallow cup around base of androgynophore), the edge commonly erect and inclined toward the nectary, rarely curved toward the androgynophore. Staminal filaments with the free portions actinomorphic; anthers commonly extrorse at anthesis with their axes maintained parallel, rarely perpendicular, to the filament or rarely the anthers move only slightly from the original introrse position, remain introrse, and dehisce distally (upwards); pollen ellipsoid to spherical, 6-syncolporate. Carpels 3; ovary ellipsoid or globose, rarely slightly ovoid, obovoid or fusiform, glabrous or rarely densely pubescent with curved, unicellular or rarely multicellular trichomes; styles slender, less than 1.5 mm in diameter; stigmas capitate, depressed-ovoid. Fruit a one (rarely) to many-seeded purple or very dark purple berry, arils pale-translucent covering approximately 3/4 of the seed. Seeds more or less compressed, often beaked at chalazal apex, reticulate-foveate. Germination epigeal. Chromosome numbers: n = 6 (12, 18). Commonly lacking c-glycosylflavones and usually containing flavonol 3-O-glycosides. Fig. 22 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 22.Flowers of several species of Passiflora supersection Cieca a Passiflora viridiflora (MacDougal 351GR) b Passiflora juliana (MacDougal 492GR) c Passiflora trinifolia (MacDougal 637GR) d Passiflora eglandulosa (MacDougal 316) e Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis (MacDougal 568) f Passiflora suberosa ssp. litoralis (MacDougal 1486) g Passiflora obtusifolia Mexico (MacDougal 495GR) h Passiflora mcvaughiana (MacDougal 369GR) Scale bar = 8.0 mm. Image a composite of two photographs taken by J.M. MacDougal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33743.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33743.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_3_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing, perennial vine 1–7 m long or more, sparsely to densely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, leaf, stem, and stipule, 0.20–0.30(-0.7) mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.06–0.11 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.6–1.6(-2.5) mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed, greenish yellow to very dark reddish purple, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules 2.1–6.9 mm long, 0.2–0.9 mm wide, narrowly ovate-triangular, sometimes slightly falcate, acute; petioles 0.3–1.8(-2.9) cm long, with 2 (rarely 1), opposite to alternate, stipitate or sometimes sessile, slightly obconical to capitate nectaries (very rarely crateriform), 0.3–0.8 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.2–1.1 mm high, borne in the distal half of the petiole (0.49–0.92 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 1.8–8.8(-12.0) cm long, (0.3-)1.4–8.2(-10.6) cm wide, membranous, unlobed to 3-lobed, lobed 0.20–0.50(-0.90) the distance to the leaf base, ovate to elliptic (rarely obovate), base cuneate to acute, lateral lobes 1.0–5.1(-6.8) cm long, 0.3–2.1(-3.0) cm wide, ovate to oblong, acute (rarely obtuse or rounded), central lobe ovate to elliptic (rarely obovate), central vein 1.8–8.8(-12.0) cm long, angle between the lateral lobes (33-)50–110(-152)°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 0.46–0.78(-0.87), margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 1–3 (when more than one veins diverge and branch at base), laminar nectaries absent; tendril 0.2–0.7(-1.1) mm wide, present at flowering node. Flowers borne in leaf axils. Pedicels (2.0-) 3.3–9.4(-17.0) mm long, 0.3–0.6 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent or rarely with one narrowly ovate, acute, bract present on the distal half of the pedicel, 0.4–0.6 mm long, ca. 0.1 mm wide; spur(s) absent. Flowers (6.9-)11.7–20.4 mm in diameter with stipe 1.4–4.4(-6.3) mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide; hypanthium 2.8–4.1 mm in diameter; sepals (2.3-)4.0–7.0(-8.3) mm long, 1.2–3.3 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, reflexed at anthesis, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow to very light greenish yellow (5GY 7/4, 8/4–8/2); coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 20–30(-34), 1.2–4.0 mm long, (0.1-)0.2–0.6 mm wide, linear, slightly spreading, greenish yellow with yellow tips (5Y 8/10) or flushed with reddish purple (5RP 5/6–3/6) at base and greenish yellow at middle with yellow tips or very dark reddish purple (5RP 3/4–2.5/4) at base and yellow toward tips, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.20–0.69(-0.82), the inner (11-)20–34, 0.8–1.3 mm long, 0.04–0.16 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, greenish yellow with yellow tips or greenish yellow flushed with reddish purple at base and yellow toward tips or very dark reddish purple with yellow tips, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.36–0.66; operculum (0.6-)1.0–1.4 mm long, plicate, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with a flush of reddish purple at base or reddish purple or very dark reddish purple, margin white with minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary (0.1-)0.2–0.4(-0.6) mm high, 0.2–0.6(-0.8) mm wide; limen recurved, erect or slightly inclined toward the operculum, 0.1–0.4 mm high, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, greenish yellow or greenish yellow flushed with reddish purple or reddish purple or very dark reddish purple, limen floor 1.6–2.6 mm in diameter, greenish yellow or greenish yellow flushed with reddish purple or reddish purple or very dark reddish purple; androgynophore (1.7-)2.2–3.5 mm long, 0.4–0.9 mm wide, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with a flush of reddish purple at base or greenish yellow with reddish purple spots and streaks or very dark reddish purple; free portions of the staminal filaments 1.4–3.0 mm long, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 1.1–1.9 mm long, 0.5–1.3 mm wide, pollen yellow; styles 1.6–4.3 mm long including stigmas, 0.1–0.4 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.5–1.2 mm in diameter; ovary 1.1–1.8 mm long, (0.7-)1.0–1.5(-1.9) mm wide, ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry 7.6–9.5 mm long, 6.9–8.8 mm in diamater, globose, or ellipsoid, very dark purple (5P 2.5/2). Seeds (4-)8–24(-33), 2.8–3.5 mm long, 1.9–2.2 mm wide, 1.1–1.4 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 12–20 foveae; germination type epigeal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIn the New World tropics: Central America, Mexico, United States (Florida and Texas), Venezuela, and the West Indies. Introduced in the Old World tropics: Africa, Asia, and Australia. Growing in shrubs, trees or trailing on the ground in secondary successional areas and along the edges of dry tropical forests, both inland and near the seashore, primarily at low elevations but sometimes occurring at elevations as high as 800 m. Commonly associated with calcareous/alkaline substrate. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.Passiflora pallida (Porter-Utley & Mondragón 412) from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Scale bar = 4.0 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33744.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33744.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 24.Distribution of Passiflora pallida. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33745.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33745.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing, perennial vine 1–5(-10) m long or more, commonly sparsely to densely pubescent with unicellular or multicellular curved trichomes on leaf, petiole, stem, stipule, sepal, and tendril (very rare) (0.14-)0.20–1.13 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide, also often minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent on leaf, petiole, stem, stipule, and sepal with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.05–0.10 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.5–3.1 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed, greenish yellow to reddish purple to red, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules (1.5-)2.2–8.4(-11.6)mm long, 0.1–1.3 mm wide, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute or rarely slightly attenuate; petioles 0.4–2.7(-3.7) cm long, with 2 (very rarely 1), opposite to alternate, stipitate or sessile, cupulate, discoid or capitate nectaries (very rarely urceolate), 0.4–1.5 mm wide, 0.2–1.6 mm high, commonly borne in the distal three quarters of the petiole (0.27–0.93 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas (1.4-)3.0–14.2(-19.0) cm long, (0.8-)1.6–10.0(-17.1) cm wide, not peltate or sometimes slightly peltate (the distance from leaf base to point of petiole insertion 2.3–2.5 mm), commonly membranous, 3-lobed, rarely unlobed, ovate, commonly with base cordate or cuneate to acute, lateral lobes (0.9-)1.4–7.5(-12.0) cm long, 0.3–3.0(-4.8) cm wide, ovate to oblong (very rarely obovate), acute (rarely obtuse or rounded), central lobe ovate to elliptic, sometimes obovate, central vein (1.4-)3.0–9.0(-14.2) cm long, angle between the lateral lobes (21-)40–140°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length (0.30-)0.38–0.87, margins entire, rarely crenate, hyaline, primary veins 1–3 (when more than one, veins diverge and branch at base or diverge and branch above base), laminar nectaries absent or sometimes with 1–10 submarginal nectaries associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, rarely associated with a crenation of the leaf margin, rarely with 2–4 nectaries proximal to the lateral leaf veins, 0.3–1.0 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; tendril 0.2–1.1 mm wide, present at flowering node except in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or sometimes in indeterminate axillary or terminal inflorescences; inflorescences 2.0–4.0 cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.0–4.3 mm long, 1.5–3.1 mm wide. Pedicels 2.3–17.9 mm long, 0.2–0.7 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent or rarely with one or two narrowly ovate-triangular bracts present at (0.23-)0.42–0.88 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the pedicel, 0.4–1.5(-2.3) mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, acute; spur(s) absent. Flowers 12.3–49.1 mm in diameter with stipe (0.2-)1.4–11.5 mm long, 0.3–1.0 mm wide; hypanthium (3.0-)4.0–8.8 mm in diameter; sepals 4.0–14.6(-20.5) mm long, 2.0–5.0(-6.4) mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, reflexed at anthesis, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow to very light greenish yellow (5GY 7/4, 8/4–8/2) or white; coronal filaments in 2 series (very rarely 1 series), the outer 20–36, 2.5–8.1 mm long, 0.1–0.8 mm wide, linear, sometimes capitellate, erect (ca. 70°) or slightly spreading (ca. 110°) or spreading (ca. 180°-220°), greenish yellow with yellow tips (5Y 8/10), or flushed with reddish purple (5RP 5/6–3/6) at base and greenish yellow at middle with yellow tips, or reddish purple (5RP 3/8–4/8) at base, greenish yellow at middle and yellow toward tips, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.34–0.95, the inner (10-)18–45(-53), 1.5–3.9 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect to slightly spreading, greenish yellow, or greenish yellow with yellow tips, or greenish yellow flushed with reddish purple at base and yellow toward tips, or reddish purple with greenish yellow tips, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.21–0.76; operculum (0.7)1.0–3.0 mm long, plicate, greenish yellow, or greenish yellow with a flush of reddish purple at base, or reddish purple, margin white with minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.1–1.1 mm high, 0.3–1.8(-2.7) mm wide; limen recurved, erect or slightly inclined toward the operculum, 0.1–0.7 mm high, 0.1–0.6 mm wide, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with reddish purple tip, limen floor (1.3-)1.8–4.0 mm in diameter, greenish yellow or greenish yellow flushed with reddish purple; androgynophore (2.1-) 2.7–6.1(-12.6) mm long, 0.3–1.8 mm wide, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with a flush of reddish purple at base or greenish yellow with reddish purple spots and streaks; free portions of the staminal filaments 1.6–6.0(-6.8) mm long, 0.2–0.7 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 1.4–3.3 mm long, 0.3–1.7 mm wide, pollen whitish or yellow; styles (1.7-)2.1–6.5(-7.7) mm long including stigmas, 0.1–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.3–1.7 mm in diameter; ovary 1.2–4.1 mm long, 0.8–3.7 mm wide, ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry 7.9–15.8 mm long, 7.4–13.4 mm in diameter, ovoid, ellipsoid or transversely ellipsoid, very dark purple (5P 2.5/2). Seeds ca. 8–34, 2.5–4.0 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, 1.0–1.8 mm thick, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 12–16 foveae, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, chalazal beak and micropyle inclined toward raphe; germination type epigeal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIn the New World tropics. Introduced in the Old World tropics. Growing in shrubs and trees or trailing on the ground in secondary successional areas, along the edges of semideciduous to deciduous, dry to wet tropical forests, both inland and near the seashore, 0–2500 m. \nPassiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa and Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis have different geographic distributions, with Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa occurring in the Caribbean and Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis in Mexico, Central America, and South America. They only co-occur on the island of O’ahu, Hawaii, USA, where they have been introduced. The two subspecies are very similar vegetatively, but Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis is commonly conspicuously and densely pubescent with longer unicellular or multicellular curved trichomes, whereas Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa appears glabrous. Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa does not possess inflorescences present as condensed shoots with aborted lamina, but Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis may have them. The sepals of Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa are glabrous, and those of Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis are pubescent. The staminal filaments of Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa are often greater than 4 mm long, whereas those of Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis are less than 4 mm long. Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa also possesses a longer androgynophore (> 5 mm), and the androgynophore of Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis very rarely reaches a length of 5 mm. The fruits of Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa are larger (commonly > 1.0 cm) and usually ovoid, whereas Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis has depressed globose to globose to ellipsoid fruits that are commonly less that 1.0 cm long. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 25.Flower of Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa (Porter-Utley P-63) from material collected by C. Feuillet in St. John. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photo by C. Feuillet. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33746.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33746.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 26.Distribution of Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33747.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33747.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4_p_3 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 27.Flowers and fruits of Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis. a At edge of forest of Cryptocarya, Ficus, Hypolepis, Rubus, and Melastoma taceae, Jalisco, Mexico (MacDougal 478) Scale bar = 6.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal b From along a very dry roadside in Chiapas, Mexico (Porter-Utley & Mondragón 456) Scale bar = 6.0 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33748.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33748.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4_p_4 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 28.Distribution of Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33749.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33749.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_5_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSparsely to densely pubescent with unicellular or multicellular curved trichomes only on leaf, petiole and stem (very rarely on stipule) 0.14–0.62 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent on leaf, petiole, stem, and stipule (sepal glabrous) with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.06–0.10 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Laminas not peltate or slightly peltate (the distance from leaf base to point of petiole insertion 2.3–2.5 mm). Flowers borne in leaf axils or sometimes in indeterminate axillary or terminal inflorescences; inflorescences 2.0–4.0 cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.0–4.0 mm long, 1.5–3.0 mm wide. Pedicels 6.9–17.6 mm long, 0.4–0.7 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent or with one or two narrowly ovate-triangular bracts present at (0.23-)0.42–0.66 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the pedicel, 0.4–1.5(-2.3) mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, acute. Flowers 21.3–49.1 mm in diameter with stipe 3.3–11.5 mm long; hypanthium 5.5–8.8 mm in diameter; sepals 7.6–20.5 mm long, 2.9–6.4 mm wide, abaxially and adaxially white; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 3.7–8.1 mm long, linear, slightly spreading (ca. 110°), reddish purple (5RP 3/8–4/8) at base, greenish yellow (5GY 8/4–8/6) at middle and yellow (5Y 8/10) toward tips, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.34–0.74, the inner 10–30(-42), erect, reddish purple with greenish yellow tips; operculum 1.4–3.0 mm long, reddish purple, margin white; nectary 0.2–1.1 mm high, 0.7–1.8(-2.7) mm wide; limen recurved, greenish yellow with reddish purple tip, limen floor greenish yellow; androgynophore 5.0–12.6 mm long, 0.5–1.8 mm wide, greenish yellow; free portions of the staminal filaments 3.4–6.8 mm long, anthers with nearly white pollen; styles 3.2–7.7 mm long including stigmas. Berry 11.3–13.8 mm long, ovoid to ellipsoid. Seeds ca. 21–34. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThroughout the West Indies. Introduced in the Hawaiian Islands. Growing in shrubs, trees or trailing on the ground in secondary successional areas, along the edges of semideciduous to deciduous, dry to moist tropical forests, both inland and near the seashore, 0–1600 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 25.Flower of Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa (Porter-Utley P-63) from material collected by C. Feuillet in St. John. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photo by C. Feuillet. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33746.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33746.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_5_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 26.Distribution of Passiflora suberosa subsp. suberosa. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33747.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33747.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_6_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSparsely to densely pubescent with unicellular or multicellular curved trichomes on leaf, petiole, stipule, stem and sepal 0.16–1.13 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent on leaf, petiole, stem, stipule and sepal with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.05–0.10 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Laminas not peltate. Flowers borne in leaf axils or sometimes in indeterminate axillary or terminal inflorescences; inflorescences 2.0–4.0 cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.0–4.3 mm long, 1.5–3.1 mm wide. Pedicels 2.3–17.9 mm long, 0.2–0.7 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent or rarely with 1 or 2 narrowly ovate-triangular bracts present at (0.23-)0.42–0.88 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the pedicel, 0.4–1.1(-2.3) mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, acute. Flowers 12.3–26.1 mm in diameter with stipe 0.2–7.5(10.1) mm long; hypanthium (3.0-)4.0–6.3(-7.1) mm in diameter; sepals 4.0–9.0(-10.8) mm long, 2.0–5.5 mm wide, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow to very light greenish yellow (5GY 7/4, 8/4–8/2); coronal filaments in 2 series (very rarely 1 series), the outer 2.5–7.5 mm long, linear, sometimes capitellate, erect (ca. 70°) or slightly spreading (ca. 110°) or spreading (ca. 180°-220°), greenish yellow with yellow tips (5Y 8/10) or flushed with reddish purple (5RP 5/6–3/6) at base and greenish yellow at middle with yellow tips, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.39–0.95, the inner (1-)20–50(-53), erect to spreading slightly, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with yellow tips or greenish yellow flushed with reddish purple at base and yellow toward tips; operculum 0.7–2.3 mm long, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with a flush of reddish purple at base or reddish purple, margin white; nectary 0.1–0.9 mm high, 0.3–1.3 mm wide; limen recurved, erect or slightly inclined toward the operculum, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with reddish purple tip, limen floor greenish yellow or greenish yellow flushed with reddish purple; androgynophore 2.1–4.4(-6.1) mm long, 0.3–1.3 mm wide, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with a flush of reddish purple at base or greenish yellow with reddish purple spots and streaks; free portions of the staminal filaments 1.6–3.9 mm long, anthers with yellow pollen; styles 1.7–4.7(-5.8) mm long including stigmas. Berry 7.9–11.9 mm long, depressed globose to globose to ellipsoid. Seeds ca. 8–34. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_6_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIn the New World tropics: Central America, Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paragual, Peru, and Venezuela. Introduced in the Old World tropics: Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Hawaiian Islands. Growing in shrubs, trees or trailing on the ground in secondary successional areas, along the edges of semideciduous to deciduous, dry to moist tropical forests, both inland and near the seashore, 0–2800 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_6_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 27.Flowers and fruits of Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis. a At edge of forest of Cryptocarya, Ficus, Hypolepis, Rubus, and Melastoma taceae, Jalisco, Mexico (MacDougal 478) Scale bar = 6.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal b From along a very dry roadside in Chiapas, Mexico (Porter-Utley & Mondragón 456) Scale bar = 6.0 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33748.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33748.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_6_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 28.Distribution of Passiflora suberosa subsp. litoralis. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33749.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33749.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_7_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing, perennial vine to 2.5 m long or more, sparsely to densely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, leaf, and stem, 0.13–0.33 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent on petiole, leaf, stem, stipule and sepal with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.06–0.08 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.5–1.3 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed. Stipules 0.8–2.7(-3.6) mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute; petioles 0.4–0.9(-1.7) cm long, with two, opposite to subopposite, sessile, discoid or widely obconical nectaries, 0.3–1.0 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.1–0.5 mm high, commonly borne in the distal half of the petiole (0.44–0.86 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 1.9–7.7 cm long, 1.8–7.9(-9.2) cm wide, membranous, shallowly to deeply 3-lobed, ovate in general outline, lateral lobes 1.0–5.5 cm long, 0.2–1.7 cm wide, ovate, elliptic, or very narrowly oblong (rarely obovate), acute (rarely obtuse), central lobe ovate, elliptic or very narrowly oblong (rarely obovate), acute (rarely obtuse), central vein 1.9–7.7 cm long, angle between the lateral lobes 92–129(-180)°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 0.47–0.91, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching at base, laminar nectaries absent (rarely present); tendril 0.2–0.5 mm wide, present at flowering node. Flowers borne in leaf axils. Pedicels 12.0–18.3 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 23.9–33.3 mm in diameter with stipe (1.9-)3.3–5.3 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide; hypanthium 4.6–7.1 mm in diameter; sepals 9.0–14.3 mm long, 2.0–4.3 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, sepals greenish yellow or whitish; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 21–30, 5.7–8.9 mm long, 0.1–0.5 mm wide, linear, not fused or fused 0.6–1.0 mm at base, filaments whitish with yellow tips or yellow, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.47–0.75(-0.89), the inner 19–30, 2.8–5.4(-6.4) mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, linear, capitate, filaments whitish with yellow tips or yellow, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.34–0.60(-0.94); operculum (1.5-)2.0–2.6 mm long, plicate, very pale yellow to yellowish dried, sometimes with reddish purple spots and streaks; nectary 0.2–0.5 mm high, 0.7–1.1 mm wide; limen recurved, (sometimes erect), 0.2–0.3(-0.6) mm high, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, yellowish or yellowish with a reddish purple base dried, limen floor 2.2–3.6 mm in diameter, yellowish or yellowish with reddish purple spots and streaks dried; androgynophore 8.0–10.8(-14.1) mm long, 0.6–1.0 mm wide, purplish; free portions of the staminal filaments 2.9–6.5 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, linear, yellowish dried; anthers 1.5–2.5 mm long, (0.3-)0.5–1.2 mm wide, oriented perpendicular or nearly so to their filaments; styles 3.4–5.0 mm long including stigmas, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.5–0.9 mm in diameter; ovary 2.8–5.3 mm long, 1.3–2.1(-2.9) mm wide, ellipsoid to fusiform, greenish. Berry 12.8–17.1(-21.1) mm long, 6.8–8.0(-10.0) mm in diameter, fusiform, very dark purple. Seeds ca. 20, 2.7–3.1 mm long, 1.5–1.8 mm wide, 1.2–1.4 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 24 foveae. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_7_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to the Galapagos Islands. Growing in shrubs, trees or trailing on the ground in secondary successional areas and in dry tropical forests with Castela, Scalesia, Psidium, and Bursera, 0–800 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_7_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 29.Flowers and leaves of Passiflora tridactylites. a View of whole plant. Scale bar = 10.0 mm b Enlargement of flower from the same photo. Scale bar = 10.0 mm. Photo by Walter Simbaña. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33750.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33750.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_7_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 30.Distribution of Passiflora tridactylites. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33751.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33751.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_8_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing, perennial vine 3 m long or more, densely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes throughout (except ovary), 0.5–1.4 mm long, 0.02–0.06 mm wide, also sparsely, antrorsely appressed-puberulent with unicellular, curved trichomes on stems, leaves and stipules, 0.03–0.05 mm long, 0.02 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.7–2.2 mm in diameter, subterete to terete, with the base somewhat cork-covered. Stipules 4.1–8.5 mm long, 0.3–0.9 mm wide; petioles 0.7–1.9 cm long, narrowly ovate, acute to attenuate, longitudinally striate-nerved, eglandular (rare) or commonly bearing in the distal third (0.69–0.97 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole) (1-)2, round or elliptic, opposite to alternate, long-stipitate, cupulate nectaries, 0.1–0.5 mm wide, 0.4–1.2 mm high. Laminas 3.5–8.5 cm long, 1.5–5.2 cm wide, unlobed to shallowly 3-lobed 0.05–0.72 of the distance to the leaf base, when present, lateral lobes 1.1–4.0 cm long, 0.5–3.0 cm wide, elliptic, acute to rounded, central lobes 3.5–8.5 cm long, 1.0–3.5 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, acute to attenuate, angle between the lateral lobes 53–115°, ratio of lateral to central lobe length 0.29–0.56, margins entire, primary veins 1(rare) or 3, diverging and branching at base, laminar nectaries absent; tendril 0.3–0.6 mm wide, present at flowering node. Flowers borne in leaf axils. Pedicels 24.0–55.0 mm long, 0.3–0.8 mm wide; bract(s) absent or with one, narrowly ovate, acute bract, 0.9–1.8 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, the bract 20.6–34.8 mm from base of pedicel; spur(s) absent. Tubular flowers 7.1–12.8 mm in diameter with stipe 2.9–7.4 mm long, 0.5–1.0 mm wide; hypanthium 7.1–12.8 mm in diameter; sepals 20.1–31.8 mm long, 3.4–6.9 mm wide, narrowly ovate, acute, abaxially and adaxially reddish purple (5RP 4/6–4/8) dried; coronal filaments in 1 (rare) or 2 series, the outer 26–30, basally connate 1.1–3.8 mm, the free portions 5.8–10.3 mm long, 0.3–0.8 mm wide, linear to narrowly ovate, erect, reddish purple, lighter distally, ratio of coronal (fused and free portions) to sepal length 0.28–0.49, the inner not well-developed with 2–4 filaments or well-developed (rare) with 30–31 filaments, free or basally connate (rare) 0.8–0.2 mm, the free portions 1.1–2.9 mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, linear, sometime capitellate, erect, appearing reddish purple when dried, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length (fused and free portions) 0.11–0.41; operculum 1.7–2.9 mm long, plicate, appearing light reddish purple dried, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.09–0.13 mm high, 1.1–3.5 mm wide, sulcate; limen slightly recurved to erect, occasionally slightly inclined toward operculum, 0.2–1.1 mm high, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, appearing light reddish purple (5RP6/6) dried, limen floor 2.1–6.1 mm in diameter, appearing light reddish purple dried; androgynophore 17.8–22.3 mm long, 0.6–1.3 mm wide, reddish purple dried; free portions of the staminal filaments 3.3–8.0 mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 1.8–4.0 mm long, 0.5–2.0 mm wide; styles 4.3–7.0 mm long including stigmas, 0.1–0.4 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.4–1.1 mm in diameter; ovary 2.6–6.7 mm long, 1.2–3.8 mm wide, elliptic, greenish yellow. Berry 12.8–13.9 mm long, 11.0–14.4 mm in diameter, ovoid to obovoid, very dark purple. Seeds ca. (6-)14–23, 3.0–3.2 mm long, 1.8–1.9 mm wide, 1.3 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 15–17 foveae. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_8_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Jamaica, in the parishes of St. Andrew, St. Thomas, and Portland. Tropical lower montane mist forests on steep wooded hillsides and in thickets; growing on shrubs and trees; ca. 850–1220 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_8_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 31.Herbarium specimen of Passiflora lancifolia (G. Proctor 23725). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33752.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33752.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_8_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 32.Distribution of Passiflora lancifolia and Passiflora macfadyenii. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33753.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33753.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_9_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing, perennial vine 3 m long or more, densely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes throughout, 0.2–0.7 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.08–0.10 mm long, 0.02 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.9–2.1 mm in diameter, somewhat compressed, base somewhat woody and cork-covered. Stipules 2.0–8.0 mm long, 0.3–1.1 mm wide, linear-narrowly ovate, acute to attenuate, longitudinally striate-nerved; petioles 0.4–1.5(-3.7) cm long, commonly bearing in the distal half (0.54–0.83 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole) (1-)2, round or elliptic, opposite to alternate, sessile (rare) or stipitate, cupulate nectaries, 0.3–0.6 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.3–1.0 mm high. Laminas 1.4–9.0 cm long, 1.6–6.4(-11.9) cm wide, deeply 3-lobed 0.21–0.93 of the distance to the leaf base, lateral lobes (0.8-)2.0–4.2(-7.3) cm long, (0.1-)0.6–1.8(-2.3) cm wide, oblong to obovate, acute to rounded (rarely emarginate), central lobes 1.4–5.2 (-9.0) cm long, (0.2-)0.5–3.0 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, acute to rounded (rarely emarginate), often narrowed at base, angle between the lateral lobes 79–134°, ratio of lateral to central lobe lengths 0.60–0.96, margins entire, primary veins 3, diverging and branching at base, laminar nectaries absent; tendril 0.3–0.7 mm wide, present at flowering node. Flowers borne in leaf axils. Pedicels 11.0–18.0(-23.0) mm long, 0.4–0.8 mm wide; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Tubular flowers 5.5–8.1 mm in diameter with stipe 1.5–6.5 mm long, 0.4–0.9 mm wide; hypanthium 5.5–8.1 mm in diameter; sepals 19.3–26.1 mm long, basally connate 7.1–12.5 mm, 1.3–3.1 mm wide, linear to narrowly ovate, acute to rounded, abaxially and adaxially red (ca. 5R 6/10), free portions of sepals reflexed at anthesis; coronal filaments in 1 series, adnate to the calyx tube, 25–30, the free portions 2.0–5.7 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, linear to narrowly ovate, erect, appearing red with yellow apices when dried, ratio of coronal (portion not adnate to sepal) to sepal (free portion) 0.25–0.44; rarely a trace second coronal row of filaments may be present just outside the operculum; operculum 1.4–2.0 mm long, plicate, appearing red when dried, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.1–0.5 mm high, 0.7–2.5 mm wide, sulcate; limen slightly recurved to erect, 0.1–0.7 mm high, 0.1–0.5 mm wide, red when dried, limen floor 2.9–5.0 mm in diameter, red when dried; androgynophore 17.8–23.5 mm long, 0.8–1.1 mm wide, red when dried gradually getting lighter distally or with the red coloration nearly reaching the apices of the staminal filaments; free portions of the staminal filaments 5.4–8.0 mm long, 0.3–0.6 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow or red; anthers 2.8–3.5 mm long, 0.7–2.0 mm wide; styles 4.2–5.5 mm long including stigmas, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.73–1.33 mm in diameter; ovary 3.6–8.0 mm long, 1.0–2.7 mm wide, fusiform, greenish yellow. Berry 25.0–26.0 mm long, 5.9–9.0 mm in diameter, ellipsoid and tapering at both ends (fusiform), very dark purple. Seeds ca. 20, 3.1–3.7 mm long, 1.6–1.8 mm wide, 1.2–1.3 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with 15–17 foveae. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_9_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Jamaica, in the parishes of St. Andrew and St. Thomas. Tropical dry forests in roadside thickets and wooded limestone hills near Lucky Valley (St. Andrew) and Cambridge Hill (St. Thomas); growing on shrubs, small trees, limestone boulders and rocks on very limited to moderately developed soils; ca. 200–310 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_9_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 32.Distribution of Passiflora lancifolia and Passiflora macfadyenii. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33753.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33753.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_9_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 33.Leaves and flowers of Passiflora macfadyenii (MacDougal 452) Scale bar = 6.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33754.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33754.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, low-climbing or scrambling, perennial vine 1 m long or more, densely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, and adaxial leaf surface, 0.21–0.38 mm long, 0.02 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.01–0.29 mm long, 0.02–0.07 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.5–1.4 mm in diameter, terete, base somewhat woody and cork-covered. Stipules, 1.9–3.6 mm long, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, narrowly ovate, acute to attenuate, longitudinally striate-nerved; petioles 0.2–1.1 cm long, commonly bearing in the distal half, (0.36-)0.52–0.81 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole, 2, elliptic, opposite, sessile, cup-shaped nectaries with raised rims, 0.8–2.2 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.2–1.3 mm high. Laminas 0.3–3.7 cm long, 3.0–14.8 cm wide, coriaceous, occasionally variegated as juveniles, 3- to 5-lobed 0.37–0.90 of the distance to the leaf base at the deepest sinus, lateral lobes 0.3–7.0 cm long, 0.1–0.6 cm wide, linear to narrowly ovate, acute to attenuate, often the primary lateral lobes with 1 to 4 smaller lobes, central lobes 0.3–3.7 cm long, 0.1–3.0 cm wide, ovate to oblong, acute to obtuse, often with 2 to 3 smaller lobes toward apex, angle between the lateral lobes 145–343°, ratio of lateral to central lobe lengths 0.58–23.33, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3 to 5, diverging and branching at base, laminar nectaries absent or with one submarginal nectary associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.6–0.9 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; tendril 0.1–0.5 mm wide, present at flowering node. Flowers borne in leaf axils. Pedicels 1.3–8.5 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, paired in the leaf axils; bract(s) absent or rarely with one narrowly ovate, attenuate, bract present on the distal tip of the pedicel, ca. 0.8 mm long, 0.3 mm wide; spur(s) absent. Flowers 12.8–20.6 mm in diameter with stipe 1.1–4.1 mm long, 0.6–0.8 mm wide; hypanthium 4.3–5.9 mm in diameter; sepals 3.9–8.1 mm long, 1.7–4.3 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 35–47, 2.7–4.9 mm long, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, linear, tapering to a point or slightly capitellate, reflexed above middle and the tips often slightly incurved, greenish yellow toward the base and yellow toward the tip or reddish purple (5RP 3/4) at the base and yellow toward the tip, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.44–0.90, the inner 35–50, 1.6–3.1 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, linear, capitate, greenish yellow with yellow tips or reddish purple with yellow tips, erect, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.46–0.68; operculum 0.9–1.3 mm long, plicate, greenish yellow with yellow margin or reddish purple with yellow margin, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.1–1.0 mm high, 0.4–0.7 mm wide, slightly sulcate; limen recurved, 0.1–0.7 mm high, 0.2–1.1 mm wide, greenish yellow with a white margin or reddish purple with a white margin, limen floor 1.1–2.9 mm in diameter, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with reddish purple spots and streaks; androgynophore 2.9–4.2 mm long, 0.8–1.2 mm wide, greenish yellow or greenish yellow with reddish purple spots and streaks; free portions of the staminal filaments 1.9–3.6 mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 1.7–2.9 mm long, 0.5–1.9 mm wide; styles 2.5–4.0 mm long including stigmas, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.6–1.0 mm in diameter; ovary 1.0–2.6 mm long, 0.9–2.4 mm wide, globose to slightly obovoid, greenish yellow. Berry 7.1–14.6 mm long, 7.3–15.3 mm in diameter, ovoid to obovoid, very dark purple. Seeds 12–25, 4.1–4.8 mm long, 1.9–2.5 mm wide, 1.3–1.5 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 17–25 foveae. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nNorthern Mexico and southern Texas in the United States. Arid and semiarid thorn scrub (e.g., Mesquite-Black brush, Opuntia-Prosopis scrub, Tamaulipan thorn scrub) and grasslands; climbing on shrubs or scrambling on limestone outcrops and hills, or in open grassy areas on very limited to moderately developed soils; ca. 150–1500 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.The first of three most parsimonious trees from the ITS-1 and ITS-2 data set of Passiflora supersection Cieca and outgroups. Numbers above branches are branch lengths. Bootstrap values are given below corresponding branches. Tree length = 590; CI = 0.636; RI = 0.837; RC = 0.532. Names followed by the letters “a”, “b”, “c”, “d”, and “e” denote clones of the same individual from a particular locality. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33730.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33730.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 34.Flower and leaf of Passiflora tenuiloba (MacDougal 227) Scale bar = 6.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33755.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33755.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10_p_3 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 35.Distribution of Passiflora tenuiloba. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33756.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33756.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_11_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing, perennial vine 2–8 m long, sparsely to lightly pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, stem, and stipule, (0.1)0.4–0.6(-0.8) mm long, 0.02 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout (except ovary) with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.05–0.10 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.6–2.1 mm in diameter, terete or subterete, with little secondary growth (to 6 mm near base with corky, secondary growth). Stipules (3.5-)5.3–12.6(-20.0) mm long, 2.50–6.4(-9.0) mm wide, ovate, slightly oblique, acute to slightly attenuate, 5–9 veins departing from the base; petioles 0.7–4.6 cm long, eglandular. Laminas 2.5–12.0 cm long, 2.2–14.5(-17.0) cm wide, chartaceous, not variegated, ratio of leaf width to central vein length 0.28–1.88, 3-lobed 0.26–0.45 of the distance to the cordate leaf base, lateral lobes 1.6–8.7 cm long, 0.8–4.4 cm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to slightly attenuate, central lobes 2.5–11.1 cm long, 1.0–5.7 cm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to slightly attenuate, angle between the lateral lobes 127–170°, ratio of lateral to central lobe length 0.64–0.97, margins entire, primary veins 3, diverging and branching at base, laminar nectaries absent; tendril 0.3–1.1 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils. Pedicels 5.6–20.0 mm long, 0.5–0.9 mm wide, (1-)2 per node; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent (occasionally) or 5 retrorse spurs present between the bases of the sepals, 0.7–1.1 mm long. Flowers 16.9–21.5 mm in diameter with stipe 2.1–7.9 mm long, 0.5–0.9 mm wide; hypanthium 4.0–5.9 mm in diameter; sepals 5.5–8.5 mm long, 2.3–3.9 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, the 2–3 outermost with a (0.5-)0.8–1.2 mm blunt subapical horn, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow, often with a flush of reddish purple (5PR 3/4–4/6) abaxially (rarely to fully dark reddish purple); coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 24–31, 2.0–4.1 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, linear, reflexed above middle and the tips often slightly incurved, greenish yellow at base, yellow distally, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.30–0.70, the inner 18–34, 0.7–1.5 mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, linear, often capitate, erect, greenish yellow, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.28–0.66; operculum 1.4–2.9 mm long, plicate, greenish yellow, sometimes with a flush of reddish purple at center, whitish distally, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.06–0.88 mm high, 0.6–1.5 mm wide; limen recurved, 0.2–0.5 mm high, 0.2–0.3 mm wide, whitish, limen floor 1.6–2.1 mm in diameter, whitish; androgynophore 1.3–3.5 mm long, 0.8–1.3 mm wide; free portions of the staminal filaments 2.1–3.8 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 2.3–3.8 mm long, 0.5–1.7 mm wide, greenish yellow, long axis oriented perpendicular (or nearly so) to long axis of filaments at anthesis; styles 3.5–6.7 mm long including stigmas, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.5–0.9 mm in diameter; ovary 1.2–2.8 mm long, 0.8–2.2 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry 8.0–14.4 mm long, (7-)9.0–15.3 mm in diameter, widely ellipsoid to globose, very dark purple with glaucous bloom. Seeds 4–10, 4.5–5.7 mm long, 3.1–3.5 mm wide, 2.0–2.7 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with with ca. 15–19 foveae. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_11_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEl Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Growing in shrubs and small trees in shady ravines and at the edges of premontane to montane broad-leaved forests on volcanic cones; 1500–2650 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_11_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 36.Flower and leaves of Passiflora eglandulosa (MacDougal 6237). a Flower and flower buds. Scale bar = 3 mm b Leaves, stem and flower buds. Scale bar = 3 mm. Photos by J. M. MacDougal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33757.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33757.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_11_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 37.Distribution of Passiflora eglandulosa. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33758.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33758.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_12_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSmall, slender, low-climbing or trailing, perennial vine 0.2–1.5 (-2) m long, minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout (except ovary) with unicellular, curved and erect trichomes, 0.1–0.2 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.9–1.8 mm in diameter, terete, sometimes red (5R 4/8) or dark purplish red, with the base somewhat cork covered. Stipules (3.8-)5.3–10.1 mm long, 2.2–7.3 mm wide, asymmetrically ovate, acute to attenuate, 5–13, veins departing from base; petioles 0.4–1.2 cm long, with 1 or 2 (rarely eglandular), round or elliptic, opposite to subopposite, sessile or shortly stipitate, saucer-shaped nectaries with flat rims, 1.0–1.5 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.8–1.1 mm high, borne below the distal third of the petiole (0.29–0.90 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 1.6–4.0 cm long, 2.1–6.7 cm wide, coriaceous, 3-lobed (very rarely 5-lobed) 0.05–0.52 the distance to the leaf base, lateral lobes 1.3–3.1 cm long, 0.5–1.7 cm wide, elliptic, acute, central lobe elliptic, acute to rounded, central vein 1.6–4.0 cm long, angle between the lateral lobes 93–145°, ratio of lateral lobe to central lobe length 0.67–1.28, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching at base, laminar nectaries 1–4, circular, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.6–1.1 mm in diameter, sessile; tendril 0.2–0.7 mm wide, present at flowering node. Flowers borne in leaf axils. Pedicels 5.3–7.6 mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 26.6–30.9 mm in diameter with stipe 1.8–3.4 mm long, 0.5–1.0 mm wide; hypanthium 8.1–8.4 mm in diameter; sepals 9.1–11.4 mm long, 5.5–6.3 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow, reflexed at anthesis; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 35–39, 4.7–5.1 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm wide, linear, somewhat dilated toward tips, semi-erect, greenish yellow at base, yellow at tips, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.42–0.53, the inner 38–47, 1.9–2.5 mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, greenish yellow with purple (5P 5/8) spots and streaks toward base, tips whitish, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.37–0.51; operculum 1.8–1.9 mm long, plicate, whitish, tinged with purple, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.1–0.5 mm high, 0.9–1.0 mm wide; limen erect, 0.1 mm high, 0.3–0.4 mm wide, limen floor 4.0–4.3 mm in diameter, whitish; androgynophore 3.8–4.0 mm long, 1.2–1.4 mm wide, whitish with purple spots and streaks; free portions of the staminal filaments 3.5–4.2 mm long, 0.7–0.9 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 2.9–3.3 mm long, 1.8–2.0 mm wide, greenish yellow; styles 4.4–5.3 mm long including stigmas, 0.4–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 1.3–1.7 mm in diameter; ovary 1.9–2.3 mm long, 1.8–2.0 mm wide, widely ellipsoid, greenish yellow. Berry 10.5–12.9 mm long, 10.3–10.5 mm in diameter, ellipsoid or globose, very dark purple. Seeds 19 (n = 1 MacDougal 6228), 3.6–4.0 mm long, 2.1–2.4 mm wide, 1.6–1.8 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 12–15 foveae. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_12_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Guatemala, in the department of Baja Verapaz. Seasonally dry rocky (the vernacular name for the rock type is “cascajo”) hills with open grassy forest of pine, some oak, and agave, especially near rock outcroups or cracks on cliffs and roadcut faces; 1345–1600 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_12_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 38.Flower, immature fruits, and leaves of Passiflora trinifolia a Immature fruits (MacDougal 6223) Scale bar = 10 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal b Plant habit (MacDougal 6223) Photo by J. M. MacDougal c Flower (MacDougal 637GR) Scale bar = 5.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33759.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33759.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_12_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 39.Distribution of Passiflora clypeophylla, Passiflora trinifolia, and Passiflora obtusifolia. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33760.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33760.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_13_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nClimbing vine, minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.03–0.10 mm long, 0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 2.1–3.4 mm in diameter, subterete. Stipules (3.3-)5.9–6.4 mm long, 0.8–1.3 mm wide, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute; petioles 3.3–3.8 cm long, with 2, opposite to subopposite, sessile, discoid nectaries with flat rims, 1.3–1.7 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.5–0.6 mm high, borne on the proximal half of the petiole (0.37–0.47 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 6.0–8.7 cm long, 6.7–10.8 cm wide, somewhat coriaceous, distinctly peltate (the distance from leaf base to point of petiole insertion 10.4–14.4 mm), subrotund, obscurely 3-lobed 0.02–0.07 the distance from the leaf outline to the leaf base, lateral lobes 4.0–6.2 cm long, ca. 3.0–5.6 cm wide, somewhat elliptic, obtuse to emarginate, central lobe somewhat elliptic, obtuse to emarginate, central vein 4.6–7.3 cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion to the leaf apex), angle between the lateral lobes 110–125°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 0.76–0.87, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries present, 2, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.8–0.9 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; tendril 0.5–0.9 mm wide, present at flowering node. Flowers borne in leaf axils. Pedicels 16.9–17.3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 25.0–26.3 mm in diameter with stipe 9.4–14.3 mm long, 0.5–0.8 mm wide; hypanthium 5.8 mm in diameter; sepals 9.6–10.3 mm long, 4.3–5.0 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute, greenish yellow; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 28, 4.7–5.5 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, linear, spreading, purplish to reddish with greenish yellow or yellow tips when dried, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.46–0.58, the inner 31, 2.3–2.5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, purplish to reddish when dried, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.42–0.51; operculum 1.6 mm long, plicate, purplish to reddish with greenish yellow tip when dried, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.3 mm high, 1.2 mm wide; limen recurved, 0.3 mm high, 0.2 mm wide, purplish to reddish at base lightening toward tip when dried, limen floor 2.7 mm in diameter, purplish to reddish when dried; androgynophore 3.8 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, purplish to reddish on proximal half and greenish yellow on distal half when dried; free portions of the staminal filaments 3.4–3.8 mm long, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow when dried; anthers 1.7–2.0 mm long, 0.9–1.3 mm wide; styles 3.8–4.3 mm long including stigmas, 0.4–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow when dried; stigmas 1.1–1.3 mm in diameter; ovary 1.8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, globose, greenish yellow when dried. Fruit unknown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_13_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Guatemala in the department of Alta Verapaz at ca. 762 m altitude. Based upon locality information included on the herbarium specimen and information gathered by J. M. MacDougal (pers. comm.) on a recent trip to the type locality, Passiflora clypeophylla is (or was) likely found on slopes of premontane tropical moist forest. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_13_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 39.Distribution of Passiflora clypeophylla, Passiflora trinifolia, and Passiflora obtusifolia. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33760.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33760.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_13_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 40.Habit of Passiflora clypeophylla (based upon Smith 1625) Scale bar = 1.0 cm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33761.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33761.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_14_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, low-climbing, perennial vine 1.5–3 m long or more, minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved to erect trichomes, 0.1–0.2 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide, also sparsely pubescent with longer, unicellular, curved to erect trichomes on petiole and stem, 0.2–0.4 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.9–2.1 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules 1.4–5.7 mm long, 0.3–1.0 mm wide, very narrowly ovate, acute to attenuate, longitudinally striate-nerved; petioles 0.5–2.8 cm long, 2, round to elliptic, opposite, sessile, discoid nectaries, 1.1–2.2 mm wide, 0.2–1.3 mm high, borne below the distal half of the petiole (0.40–0.83 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 2.4–12.6 cm long, 3.4–18.2 cm wide, subcoriaceous, sometimes peltate, distinctly trilobed 0.36–0.60 the distance from the leaf outline to the leaf base or widely divaricately bilobed to obscurely 3-lobed 0.09–0.28 the distance from the leaf outline to the leaf base, lateral lobes 2.0–10.0 cm long, 0.7–4.4 cm wide, elliptic, acute to obtuse, occasionally attenuate, central lobe elliptic to obovate, or present merely as a widely acute to obtuse tip, rarely emarginate, central vein 2.4–12.1 cm long, angle between the lateral lobes 88–151°, ratio of lateral lobe to central lobe length 0.74–1.64, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching at or above base, laminar nectaries present or rarely absent, 2–4(-11), circular, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.6–1.3 mm in diameter, sessile; tendril 0.3–1.1 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils and terminal inflorescences; inflorescences 5.3–18.3 cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.3–4.9 mm long, 0.5–1.4 mm wide. Pedicels 3.8–6.8(-19.5) mm long, 0.4–0.8 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent, or with 1–2 narrowly ovate bracts present on the distal half of the pedicel, 1.0–2.0 mm long, ca. 0.1 mm wide; spur(s) absent. Flowers 14.6–21.6 mm in diameter with stipe 3.1–4.6 mm long, 0.4–0.9 mm wide; hypanthium 4.3–6.3 mm in diameter; sepals 4.7–7.8 mm long, 2.1–4.7 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute, greenish yellow, often flushed with reddish purple abaxially; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 28–38, 1.3–3.0(-4.3) mm long, 0.3–0.4 mm wide, linear, often capitellate, strongly curved at the base so that the filaments spread ± horizontally, with the tips often curved toward the sepals, greenish yellow, sometimes flushed with reddish purple at base, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.22–0.56(-0.85), the inner 38–40, 0.9–3.3 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, greenish yellow, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.55–1.15; operculum 1.0–2.1 mm long, plicate, greenish yellow, sometimes reddish purple at base, the margin whitish with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.1–0.5(-0.9) mm high, 0.8–1.5 mm wide; limen erect, 0.1–0.5 mm high, 0.1–0.4 mm wide, greenish yellow, limen floor 1.0–3.5 mm in diameter, greenish yellow; androgynophore 0.7–3.9 mm long, 0.7–1.3 mm wide, greenish yellow, whitish at base; free portions of the staminal filaments 1.6–3.7 mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 1.0–3.0 mm long, 0.5–1.7 mm wide, greenish yellow; styles 2.2–4.1 mm long including stigmas, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.8–1.6 mm in diameter; ovary 2.0–2.3 mm long, 1.4–2.2 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry 2.3–2.6 cm long, 2.1–2.4 cm in diameter, widely ellipsoid to globose, very dark purple. Seeds 3.3–3.6(-5) mm long, 2.0–2.3(-3.2) mm wide, 1.5–1.8 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with 15–17 foveae. Germination unknown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_14_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nCosta Rica, El Salvador, and Mexico. Tropical deciduous and subdeciduous forests or disturbed areas in the Pacific lowlands and foothills; near sea level to 300 m in Mexico, 650–1200 m in El Salvador and Costa Rica. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_14_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 39.Distribution of Passiflora clypeophylla, Passiflora trinifolia, and Passiflora obtusifolia. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33760.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33760.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_14_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 41.a Habit and fruit of Passiflora obtusifolia (Porter-Utley & Ramírez 489) b Flower of Passiflora obtusifolia (MacDougal 495GR) Scale bar = 3.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33762.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33762.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_15_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing, perennial vine 3 m long or more, minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.03–0.13 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.0–2.7 mm in diameter, terete to somewhat compressed with rounded edges, greenish yellow or reddish purple (5RP 5/6), with the base somewhat woody and cork-covered. Stipules (6.0)8.3–18.9(-23.0) mm long, 2.8–11.3(-15.0) mm wide, asymmetrically ovate to obovate, acute, 5–10 veins departing from the base; petioles 1.1–4.3 cm long, inserted 2.3–15.8 mm from the basal margins of the peltate blades, commonly bearing on the proximal half (0.21–0.52 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole), 2, round or elliptic, opposite to subopposite, sessile or shortly stipitate, saucer-shaped nectaries with flat rims, 0.9–2.7 mm wide, 0.3–2.1 mm high. Laminas 3.4–14.0 cm long, 6.0–20.0 cm wide, coriaceous, occasionally variegated as juveniles, conspicuously peltate, deeply 3-lobed (0.42-)0.50–0.86 the distance from the leaf outline to the leaf base, lateral lobes 2.9–11.1 cm long, 1.2–4.5 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, acute to obtuse, central lobes 3.1–13.2 cm long, 1.3–5.0 cm wide, obovate, acute to obtuse, narrowed at base, angle between the lateral lobes 95–160°, ratio of lateral to central lobe length 0.75–0.99, margins entire, thickened, sometimes purplish red, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, 4–11 laminar nectaries present, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.3–1.0 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; tendril 0.4–1.1 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers paired in leaf axils or in terminal inflorescences; inflorescences 4.7–9.8 cm long, associated reduced laminas 7.0–14.4 mm long, 0.5–1.3 mm wide. Pedicels 2.9–19.0(-27.0) mm long, 0.5–1.1 mm wide; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 24.5–31.3 mm in diameter with stipe 0.9–2.0 mm long, 0.6–1.3 mm wide; hypanthium 6.0–8.3 mm in diameter; sepals 9.3–11.5 mm long, 2.6–4.9 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 38–46, 4.9–7.2 mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, linear, tapering to a point, spreading flat, greenish yellow becoming gradually lighter in color apically, unmarked or with purple (5P 3/6) spots and streaks near base, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.47–0.74, the inner 40–47, 3.0–3.8 mm long, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, linear, capitellate, erect to slightly spreading, greenish yellow, unmarked or with a flush of purple at very base, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.43–0.73; operculum 2.0–2.5 mm long, plicate, greenish yellow, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 1.3–1.9 mm high, 0.7–1.3 mm wide; limen recurved, 0.8–1.1 mm high, 0.2–1.0 mm wide, greenish yellow, unmarked or with a violet to dark purple tip, limen floor 2.6–3.3 mm in diameter, dark purple (5P 2.5/6); androgynophore 3.9–5.5 mm long, 1.0–1.4 mm wide, whitish with a flush of purple at the base or with the purple coloration nearly reaching the apices of the staminal filaments; free portions of the staminal filaments 2.9–4.0 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, linear, commonly greenish yellow except as noted above; anthers 3.2–4.8 mm long, 1.0–2.2 mm wide; styles 4.0–6.5 mm long including stigmas, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 1.1–1.7 mm in diameter; ovary 2.6–3.1 mm long, 2.0–2.4 mm wide, globose to ovoid, greenish yellow. Berry (13.0-)17.3–18.1(-25.0) mm long, (13.0-)14.3–14.4(-20.0) mm in diameter, globose, very dark purple with glaucous bloom. Seeds 45–55, 3.7–4.1 mm long, 2.3–2.6 mm wide, 1.5–1.9 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each side marked with ca. 11–18 foveae. Germination epigeal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_15_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMexico, in the Pacific lowlands and foothills of Jalisco, Colima, and northern Michoacán. Disturbed tropical deciduous or semideciduous low and medium forests (selva baja caducifolia and selva mediana subcaducifolia); growing on shrubs, trees, boulders, and rocks (sometimes limestone); sea-level to ca. 610 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_15_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 42.Habit of Passiflora juliana (Porter-Utley &Ramirez 488) Scale bar = 10.0 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33763.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33763.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_15_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 43.Distribution of Passiflora juliana and Passiflora viridiflora. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33764.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33764.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_16_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing or trailing, perennial vine 3 m long or more, minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout (except on ovary) with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.05–0.13 mm long, 0.02 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.1–2.8 mm in diameter, somewhat compressed and two-edged, red (4/12) when young, with the base somewhat woody and cork-covered. Stipules 2.5–7.9 mm long, 0.5–1.4 mm wide, asymmetrically narrowly ovate-falcate, slightly attenuate, longitudinally striate-nerved, often red (5R 4/12) at flowering nodes; petioles 1.1–7.6 cm long, inserted 0.4–22.0 mm from the basal margins of the peltate blades, often red (4/12) at flowering nodes, commonly bearing in the proximal third, 0.12–0.33(-0.55) of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole, 2, round or elliptic, opposite to subopposite, sessile or shortly stipitate, saucer-shaped nectaries with flat rims, 0.9–2.5 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.3–1.5 mm high. Laminas 3.7–14.1 cm long, 1.6–19.6 cm wide, coriaceous, occasionally variegated, conspicuously peltate, deeply 3-lobed 0.60–0.82 of the distance to the leaf base, lateral lobes 1.6–10.6 cm long, 1.0–5.8 cm wide, oblong to obovate, acute to rounded, central lobes 1.9–14.1 cm long, 1.0–6.5 cm wide, obovate, acute to rounded, narrowed at base, angle between the lateral lobes 117–180°, ratio of lateral to central lobe length 0.60–1.34, margins entire, thickened, often red (4/12), primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries present or absent (rare), (0-)4(-7), submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.3–1.1 mm in diameter, elliptic, sessile; tendril 0.3–1.1 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or terminal inflorescences; inflorescences 11.6–19.2 cm long, associated reduced laminas 7.3–11.3 mm long, 0.8–1.9 mm wide. Pedicels 7.5–25.0 mm long, 0.6–1.3 mm wide, paired in the leaf axils, often red (5R 4/12); bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Tubular flowers 5.1–8.6 mm in diameter with stipe 4.5–11.4 mm long, 0.9–1.5 mm wide, greenish yellow (5GY 8/6); hypanthium 5.1–8.6 mm in diameter; sepals 20.5–30.1 mm long, basally connate 5.8–15.4 mm, 1.3–3.9 mm wide, linear to narrowly ovate, acute to rounded, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow (5GY 8/6), free portions of sepals reflexed at anthesis; coronal filaments in 1 series, adnate to the calyx tube until they become free, 36–50, 2.2–4.0 mm long, basally connate 1.2–2.5 mm, 0.1–0.4 mm wide, linear to narrowly ovate, erect, greenish yellow, ratio of coronal (portion not adnate to sepal) to sepal (free portion) length 0.09–0.35; rarely a trace second coronal row of colorless filaments may be present just outside the operculum; operculum 3.0–4.6 mm long, plicate, greenish yellow, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.3–3.1 mm high, 1.1–2.0 mm wide, sulcate; limen erect, 0.8–1.7 mm high, 0.1–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow, crenulate-lobed, very close to the base of the androgynophore, limen floor 0.6–2.1 mm in diameter, greenish yellow; androgynophore 17.4–26.1 mm long, 0.6–1.1 mm wide, greenish yellow; free portions of the staminal filaments 2.6–5.3 mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 4.0–5.9 mm long, 0.6–2.4 mm wide, pollen presented laterally; styles 3.1–6.2 mm long including stigmas, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.9–1.7 mm in diameter; ovary 2.2–5.3 mm long, 1.1–3.5 mm wide, ellipsoid to fusiform, greenish yellow, glabrous. Berry 15.5–24.0 mm long, 12.9–19.0 mm in diameter, fusiform to ovoid, very dark purple. Seeds 39–53, 4.0–5.0 mm long, 2.4–3.6 mm wide, 1.4–2.0 mm thick, flattened, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each side marked with 15–18 foveae, sometimes pale brown in color at maturity. Germination epigeal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_16_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMexico, in the Pacific lowlands and foothills of southern Michoacán, Guerrero and Oaxaca. Disturbed tropical deciduous or semideciduous low and medium forests (selva baja caducifolia and selva mediana subcaducifolia); growing on shrubs, small trees, boulders and rocks (sometimes limestone) on very limited to moderately developed soils; sea-level to ca. 610 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_16_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 43.Distribution of Passiflora juliana and Passiflora viridiflora. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33764.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33764.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_16_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 44.Habit, flowers, and fruits of Passiflora viridiflora (Porter-Utley et al., 500) a Habit b Flower. Scale bar = 10.0 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33765.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33765.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_17_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, low-climbing or trailing, perennial vine 2–8 m long or more, sparsely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, leaf, stem, and stipule (rare), 0.3–0.6 mm long, 0.02 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout (except ovary) with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.1–0.3 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.9–2.6 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules 3.8–7.5 mm long, 0.3–0.8 mm wide, narrowly ovate, acute to slightly attenuate, longitudinally striate-nerved; petioles 0.8–5.3 cm long, inserted 1.1–6.9 mm from the basal margins of the peltate blades, eglandular or very rarely with 1 or 2, round or elliptic, opposite to subopposite, sessile or shortly stipitate, discoid nectaries with flat rims, 0.8–1.3 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.4–1.3 mm high, borne just below (rare) or in the distal half of the petiole (0.45–0.86 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 0.9–7.3 cm long, 6.2–22.0 cm wide, coriaceous, occasionally variegated along primary veins, conspicuously peltate, transversely elliptic (widely divaricately bilobed), lateral lobes 3.1–12.0 cm long, 1.0–5.6 cm wide, elliptic, acute to slightly attenuate, central vein 0.7–6.8 cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion), angle between the lateral lobes 101–182(-190)°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 1.15–4.57, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries absent, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.8–1.1 mm in diameter, sessile; tendril 0.3–1.0 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or rarely in inflorescences; inflorescences 2.5–5.8 cm long, associated reduced laminas 1.3–2.3 mm long, 0.5–1.0 mm wide. Pedicels 5.6–25.0 mm long, 0.3–0.6 mm wide, (1-)2 per node; bract(s) absent or with one or two, narrowly ovate, acute bracts, 1.1–1.2 mm long, 0.1 mm wide, the bracts ca. 3.7 mm from base of peduncle; spur(s) absent. Flowers 15.0–25.3 mm in diameter with stipe 3.1–9.0 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide; hypanthium 5.0–8.3 mm in diameter; sepals 6.7–8.5 mm long, 3.3–5.6 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow, reflexed at anthesis; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 31–36, 3.1–7.1 mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, linear to slightly narrowly obovate, erect, dull purple (5P 4/6) at base, yellow at tips, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.41–0.89, the inner 40–60, 1.3–2.9 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, greenish yellow speckled with dull purple, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.20–0.56; operculum 1.0–1.8 mm long, plicate, whitish green, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.2–1.1 mm high, 0.6–1.0 mm wide; limen inclined away from androgynophore, 0.2–0.7 mm high, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, whitish green, speckled with purple, limen floor 2.5–4.9 mm in diameter, whitish green, speckled with purple; androgynophore 1.5–4.7 mm long, 0.9–1.3 mm wide; free portions of the staminal filaments 2.1–3.3 mm long, 0.4–0.8 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow anthers 1.7–3.2 mm long, 0.7–1.7 mm wide, greenish yellow with a dark purple edge; styles 2.7–4.9 mm long including stigmas, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.6–1.3 mm in diameter; ovary 1.3–3.6 mm long, 1.1–3.0 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, greenish yellow. Berry 10.0–14.4 mm long, 12.8–13.8 mm in diameter, globose, very dark purple. Seeds (2-)6–11, 4.8–5.5 mm long, 3.6–4.1 mm wide, 2.1–2.7 mm thick, widely elliptic to widely obovate in outline, obtuse at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with 15–22 foveae. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_17_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMexico, in the states of Jalisco, Mexico, and Guerrero. Pine and oak forests (bosque de pino y encino) or montane mesophytic forests (bosque mesófilo de montaña); growing in trees and on the steep banks of canals (barrancas) or streams, and moist hillsides; 1100–2000 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_17_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 45.Leaves, flower and fruit of Passiflora mcvaughiana (Porter-Utley & Mondragón 345) Scale bar = 10.0 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33766.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33766.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_17_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 46.Distribution of Passiflora mcvaughiana and Passiflora tacanensis. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33767.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33767.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_18_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nVine, pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, adaxial leaf surface, and stipules 0.28–0.38 mm long, 0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.06–0.08 mm long, 0.02 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.5–1.8 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed. Stipules 6.3–7.5 mm long, 2.5–3.5 mm wide, ovate, acute to acuminate; petioles 2.3–2.6 cm long, commonly bearing at or just below the middle (0.44–0.50 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole) 2, elliptic, opposite to subopposite, sessile, discoid nectaries with the rims slightly raised, 1.0–1.1 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.5–0.6 mm high. Laminas 3.8–5.3 cm long, 12.4–14.2 cm wide, membranous, subpeltate or slightly peltate (the distance from leaf base to point of petiole insertion 1.0–1.7 mm), transversely elliptic, 3-lobed 0.02–0.10 of the distance to the leaf base at the deepest sinus, lateral lobes 6.9–7.5 cm long, 2.6–4.2 cm wide, elliptic, acute to attenuate, central lobe elliptic or present as an obtuse to rounded tip, central vein 3.7–5.2 cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion to the leaf apex), angle between the lateral lobes 109–130°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 1.41–1.86, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries absent; tendril 0.7–0.9 mm wide, present at flowering node. Pedicels 11.9–13.0 mm long in fruit, 0.5 mm wide, paired in the leaf axils; bract(s) absent. Flowers not seen. Stipe 6.9–8.5 mm long in fruit, 0.5–0.6 mm wide. Berry 25.0–26.0 mm long, 24.0–26.0 mm in diameter, ellipsoid to globose, very dark purple. Seeds ca. 20, 4.6–4.9 mm long, 2.9–3.1 mm wide, 2.0–2.1 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 22–26 foveae. \nPhenology. Flowering and fruiting May. \nDistribution. Mexico, in the state of Chiapas. Bosque mesófilo de moñtana (montane moist forest), 1700–2700 m altitude. \nDiscussion. Passiflora tacanensis is known only from the general type locality and though Martínez (Martínez 20782) states that the flowers are purple, the specimen does not possess flowers and I have not been able to locate any duplicates. It was found in montane mesophytic forests on Volcán Tacaná in southwestern Mexico and was collected in May during the rainy season. \nPassiflora tacanensis is very similar to Passiflora eglandulosa, which grows on adjacent volcanic cones in San Marcos, Guatemala. The mature leaves of Passiflora tacanensis greatly resemble the juvenile leaves of Passiflora eglandulosa and are trilobed, with the middle lobe greatly reduced and widely obtuse to truncate. The laminae are also cordate and eglandular, and both of these species possess wide foliose stipules. However, Passiflora tacanensis possesses petiolar glands positioned near the middle of the petiole, whereas Passiflora eglandulosa does not possess petiolar glands. In addition, the fruits of Passiflora tacanensis possess more seeds and the chalazal and micropylar ends of the seed are inclined toward the raphe. \nSpecimens examined. MEXICO. Chiapas: Mpio. Tapachula, Volcán Tacaná. On trail between Talquián and the border of Guatemala, 1901 m, Porter-Utley et al. 436 (KESC); Mpio. Tapachula, Volcán Tacaná. On trail between Talquián and the border of Guatemala, 1857 m, Porter-Utley et al. 441 (KESC). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_18_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 46.Distribution of Passiflora mcvaughiana and Passiflora tacanensis. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33767.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33767.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_18_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 47.Habit of Passiflora tacanensis (based upon Martínez 20782) Scale bar = 1.0 cm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33768.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33768.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_19_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nBolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, and Venezuela; reported once from Guyana (Lejos 43, B, destroyed). Growing in shrubs and small trees in secondary successional areas, along the edges of moist tropical forests near rivers and streams, and along the seashore, 0–1500 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_19_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 48.Flower of Passiflora coriacea from Colombia. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. Photo by C. Feuillet. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33769.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33769.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_19_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 49.Distribution of Passiflora coriacea. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33770.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33770.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_20_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing, perennial vine 2–4 m long or more, sometimes trailing on ground, sparsely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, leaf and stem, 0.2–0.4 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, ca. 0.1 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.0–2.4 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules 1.7–5.7 mm long, 0.4–0.7 mm wide, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute, longitudinally striate-nerved; petioles 1.1–3.8 cm long, inserted 1.4–9.6 mm from the basal margins of the peltate blades, with two, round or elliptic, opposite to subopposite, sessile or shortly stipitate (rare), saucer-shaped nectaries with flat rims, 1.3–2.1 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.4–1.6 mm high, commonly borne in the distal half of the petiole (0.30-)0.53–0.77 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole. Laminas (2.7-)3.3–7.1(-8.2) cm long, 6.6–17.3 cm wide, sometimes glaucous beneath, coriaceous, peltate, transversely elliptic (widely divaricately bilobed) or 3-lobed, lateral lobes 3.5–9.1 cm long, 3.7–25 cm wide, elliptic, acute to slightly attenuate, central lobe elliptic to ovate or present merely as an acute to obtuse tip, central vein 2.4–7.7 cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion), angle between the lateral lobes 104–176°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 0.85–2.47, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries present, 6–10, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.3–1.5 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; tendril 0.3–1.1 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or inflorescences; inflorescences 5.6–11.7 cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.6–9.0 mm long, 1.0–2.8 mm wide. Pedicels 4.4–17.5 mm long, 0.4–1.1 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) 1 (rare) or absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 29.5–56.7 mm in diameter with stipe 2.6–6.1 mm long, 0.9–1.4 mm wide; hypanthium (7.8-)8.1–16.1 mm in diameter; sepals 10.0–20.5 mm long, 4.3–12.1 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, abaxially and adaxially very pale greenish yellow; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 31–40, 6.8–14.0 mm long, 0.4–1.1 mm wide, linear, dilated toward tips, erect, greenish yellow (5GY 8/4) with very light yellow tips (5Y 8/6), ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.48–0.85, the inner (12-)30–45, 2.3–5.6 mm long, 0.1–0.4 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, greenish yellow with whitish apices or greenish yellow with a mere flush of reddish purple (5RP 4/8–4/10) at the very base and whitish tips, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.30–0.52; operculum 2.1–4.2 mm long, plicate, flushed with reddish purple toward the base and whitish toward the tips, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.4–0.8(-2.3) mm high, 0.8–2.5 mm wide; limen recurved or rarely inclined slightly away from androgynophore, 0.4–1.3 mm high, 0.2–0.9 mm wide, whitish, limen floor 3.3–8.4 mm in diameter, whitish with reddish purple spots and streaks toward base; androgynophore 4.1–10.0 mm long, 0.9–1.9 mm wide, whitish at base with reddish purple spots and streaks becoming light greenish yellow toward apex; free portions of the staminal filaments 2.8–3.9 mm long, 0.5–1.3 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 2.8–4.4 mm long, 0.8–2.6(-5.1) mm wide; styles 3.2–6.7 mm long including stigmas, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 1.2–2.5 mm in diameter; ovary 2.1–4.0 mm long, 1.4–3.6 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry 24.0–27.0 mm long, 19.0–25.0 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, very dark purple (5P 2.5/2) with a glaucous bloom at maturity, immature fruit greenish yellow, sometimes mottled with white or yellow. Seeds (27-)45–50(-60), 4.9–5.1 mm long, 3.0–3.1 mm wide, 1.9–2.0 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 15–20 foveae. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_20_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nColombia, Costa Rica, and Panama. Growing in shrubs or trees in secondary successional areas, along the edges of tropical moist to premontane wet forests, and near the seashore, 0–1100 m altitude. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_20_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 50.Habit and flower of Passiflora megacoriacea. a Habit (Stapf 652) Scale bar = 8 mm. Photo taken in Panama by M. Stapf b Close up of flower from plant in Costa Rica. Scale bar = 8 mm. Photo by R. Ziller. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33771.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33771.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_20_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 51.Distribution of Passiflora megacoriacea. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33772.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33772.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_21_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, climbing, perennial vine 2–6 m long or more, sparsely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, leaf, stem, sepal, and stipule, 0.20–0.64 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.03–0.12 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.0–2.4 mm in diameter, terete to somewhat compressed, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules 2.5–6.0 mm long, 0.4–1.3 mm wide, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute; petioles 1.2–5.7 cm long, with 2 (rarely 3), opposite to subopposite, sessile, discoid nectaries with flat rims, 1.0–2.1 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.3–1.3 mm high, borne in the proximal half of the petiole (0.34–0.54 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 2.6–8.5 cm long, 6.5–23.5 cm wide, coriaceous, peltate (the distance from leaf base to point of petiole insertion 3.0–18.9 mm), transversely elliptic (widely divaricately bilobed) or sometimes 3-lobed, lateral lobes 3.7–12.9 cm long, 1.9–7.5 cm wide, elliptic, acute to attenuate, central lobe elliptic to obovate or present merely as a widely acute to obtuse tip (rarely retuse), central vein 1.8–7.0 cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion to the leaf apex), angle between the lateral lobes 132–188°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 1.33–2.77, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries present, 4–13, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, with 2–4 nectaries proximal to the lateral leaf veins, 0.5–1.4 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; juvenile leaves bilobed and variegated, the variegation seen in some clones at maturity; tendril 0.3–1.0 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or inflorescences; inflorescences 2.0–18.5(-25.1) cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.0–4.3 mm long, 1.5–3.1 mm wide. Pedicels 1.9–15.8 mm long, 0.4–0.9 mm wide, 2 per node; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 18.4–33.4 mm in diameter with stipe 3.1–8.6(-9.4) mm long, 0.5–1.3 mm wide; hypanthium 5.4–8.2 mm in diameter; sepals 6.5–13.3 mm long, 2.9–6.3 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 40–51, 5.5–8.4 mm long, 0.3–0.7(-0.8)mm wide, linear, more or less erect, very dark reddish purple (5RP 3/2) on proximal third, greenish yellow (5GY 8/4) on middle third, yellow on distal third (5Y 8/10), ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.59–0.94, the inner 27–40, 2.3–3.8 mm long, 0.2–0.5(-0.6) mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, greenish yellow with a flush of very dark reddish purple at base, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.35–0.52; operculum 1.2–2.0 mm long, plicate, greenish yellow with a flush of very dark reddish purple at base, the margin white with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.1–0.5(-0.6) mm high, 0.5–1.2(-2.9) mm wide; limen not recurved but inclined toward the operculum, 0.1–0.5(-0.7) mm high, 0.1–0.4(-0.5) mm wide, very dark red (5R 2.5/2), limen floor 2.5–5.1 mm in diameter, very dark red; androgynophore (2.1-)3.5–6.0 mm long, 0.4–1.3(-1.5) mm wide, the distal half dark red then greenish yellow with dark red spots and streaks; free portions of the staminal filaments 1.5–2.8 mm long, 0.5–0.9 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 1.9–2.9 mm long, 0.6–1.5(-1.9) mm wide; styles 1.8–4.9(-5.4) mm long including stigmas, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.8–1.7 mm in diameter; ovary 1.6–2.7 mm long, 1.1–2.1 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry (12.4-)18–23.1 mm long, (13.4-)18.4–33.0 mm in diameter, globose, very dark purple. Seeds ca. 40–50, 1.8–4.8 mm long, 2.1–2.9 mm wide, 1.5–2.1 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 12–17(-19) foveae. Germination epigeal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_21_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMexico and Central America (except Costa Rica and Panama). Growing in shrubs, trees or trailing on the ground in secondary successional areas, along the edges of semideciduous to deciduous, dry to wet tropical forests, both inland and near the seashore, 0–1171 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_21_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 52.Leaf, flower, inflorescence, and fruit of Passiflora sexocellata from plant growing in greenhouse at Butterfly World, Coconut Creek, Florida. Scale bar = 10 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33773.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33773.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_21_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 53.Distribution of Passiflora sexocellata. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33774.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33774.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_22_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, low-climbing or trailing, perennial vine 1–3 m or more, minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.06–0.11 mm long, 0.02 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.4–2.3 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed, greenish yellow (5GY 8/4) to very dark reddish purple (5RP 2.5/2). Stipules 2.5–5.6 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, narrowly ovate, acute to slightly attenuate, longitudinally striate-nerved; petioles 0.9–1.8(-3.0) cm long, inserted 2.4–6.1(-7.0) mm from the basal margins of the peltate blades, with 2, round or elliptic, opposite, sessile, discoid nectaries with flat rims, 1.3–1.9 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.5–0.9 mm high, borne in the distal third of the petiole (0.62–0.83 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 2.3–4.6 cm long, 5.0–12.4(-13.1) cm wide, coriaceous, often variegated along primary veins and major secondary veins, ratio of leaf width to central vein length measured from point of petiole insertion 1.9–5.1, depressed obovate to transversely elliptic (widely divaricately bilobed), lateral lobes (3.5-)4.3–7.4 cm long, 1.7–4.1 cm wide, elliptic, acute to slightly attenuate, central lobe commonly obsolete or present as an obtuse tip, central vein 1.8–3.1(-4.1) cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion), angle between the lateral lobes (85-)103–140°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 1.4–2.8, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries present, 6–19, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.6–1.8 mm in diameter, widely elliptic to circular, sessile; tendril 0.4–0.9 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or inflorescences; inflorescences 5.3–9.6 cm long, associated reduced laminas 1.9–2.5 mm long, 1.3–2.7 mm wide. Pedicels 1.3–3.4(-5.8) mm long, 0.6–1.1 mm wide, (1-)2 per node; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 20.3–25.5 mm in diameter with stipe 9.1–14.3 mm long, 0.6–1.0 mm wide; hypanthium 4.0–6.2 mm in diameter; sepals 7.5–9.8 mm long, 2.6–4.3 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow or sometimes greenish yellow with very dark reddish purple streaks abaxially; coronal filaments in 7 series, the outer 22–31, 6.3–8.1 mm long, 0.2–0.3 mm wide, linear, spreading flat, the tips often slightly incurved, very dark reddish purple (5RP 2.5/2–3/2) with yellow (5Y 8/4–8/6) at tips, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.67–0.97, the second 20–30, 2.5–5.0 mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, linear, spreading flat, very dark reddish purple with yellow tips, ratio of second coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.33–0.64(-0.75), the third ca. 50, 0.7–2.1 mm long, 0.05–0.13 mm wide, linear, spreading flat, very dark reddish purple with yellow tips, ratio of third coronal row to second coronal row length 0.22–0.59, the fourth through seventh ca. 100 per series, 0.7–1.1 mm long, 0.05–0.11 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, very dark reddish purple, ratio of coronal rows 4–7 to third coronal row length 0.51–0.62(-0.90); operculum 0.3–0.4 mm long, denticulate, very dark reddish purple, nectary absent; limen absent, limen floor 2.8–4.1(-5.7) mm in diameter, very dark reddish purple; androgynophore appearing absent, or 0.3–1.7 mm long, 0.9–1.8 mm wide; free portions of the staminal filaments 1.9–3.4 mm long, 0.5–0.8 mm wide, linear, very dark reddish purple; anthers 1.3–2.0 mm long, 0.7–1.4 mm wide, introrse at anthesis with their axes maintained more or less parallel to the filament, anthers dehiscing distally; styles 1.8–3.1 mm long including stigmas, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, very dark reddish purple or greenish yellow with very dark reddish purple tinge toward base; stigmas 0.9–1.4 mm in diameter; ovary 1.7–2.4 mm long, 1.2–1.3 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry 26.0 mm long, 14.0 mm in diameter, ovoid to obovoid, greenish yellow with white spots, becoming soft at the base at maturity. Seeds 30–40, 5.0–5.5 mm long, 2.0–2.2 mm wide, 1.3–1.8 mm thick, elliptic to slightly obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with 20–22 foveae. Germination type epigeal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_22_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMexico, in the states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán. Tropical semideciduous forests (selva mediana subcaducifolia and selva mediana subperennifolia); growing in shrubs or trailing along the ground on soil of little depth, lying directly on top of limestone; 0–23 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_22_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 54.a Flower of Passiflora itzensis (MacDougal 4633) Scale bar = 5.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal b Flower of Passiflora xiikzodz (MacDougal 4677) Scale bar = 5.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33775.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33775.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_22_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 55.Distribution of Passiflora itzensis and Passiflora xiikzodz. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33776.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33776.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_23_description phytokeys.43.7804.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender, low-climbing or trailing, perennial vine 1–3 m or more, minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.1–0.2 mm long, 0.02–0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.3–2.3 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed. Stipules 1.0–4.9 mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, narrowly ovate, acute to slightly attenuate, longitudinally striate-nerved; petioles (0.1-)0.5–3.0 cm long, inserted 1.4–7.3(-8.9) mm from the basal margins of the peltate blades, with 2, round or elliptic, opposite to subopposite, sessile, discoid nectaries with flat rims, 1.1–1.9 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.3–1.0 mm high, borne in the distal third of the petiole (0.63–0.87 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas 1.1–5.8 cm long, 3.4–13.7 cm wide, coriaceous, commonly variegated along primary veins and major secondary veins, conspicuously peltate, ratio of leaf width to central vein length measured from point of petiole insertion 2.0–5.9, depressed obovate to transversely elliptic (widely divaricately bilobed), lateral lobes 2.6–7.3(-8.1) cm long, 0.8–4.9 cm wide, elliptic, obtuse or acute to slightly attenuate, central lobe commonly obsolete or present as an obtuse to retuse tip, central vein 0.9–4.4(-5.4) cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion), angle between the lateral lobes 53–162°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 1.3–3.0(-4.8), margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries present, 6–17, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.8–1.3 mm in diameter, widely elliptic to circular, sessile; tendril 0.4–0.8 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or inflorescences; inflorescences 4.5–22.3 cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.1–5.3 mm long, 1.3–2.5 mm wide. Pedicels 1.3–3.1(-9.9) mm long, 0.4–1.1 mm wide, (1-)2 per node; bract(s) absent; spur(s) absent. Flowers 18.8–31.9 mm in diameter with stipe 12.3–19.0(-23.3) mm long, 0.4–0.8 mm wide; hypanthium 4.8–8.1 mm in diameter; sepals 6.5–12.3 mm long, 3.1–6.3 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute, abaxially and adaxially greenish yellow; coronal filaments in 7 series, the outer 40–50, 6.3–10.4 mm long, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, linear, spreading flat, reflexed above middle and the tips often slightly incurved, very dark reddish purple with yellow at tips, ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.73–1.38, the second 35–50, 2.3–4.8(-5.1) mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, linear, spreading flat, very dark reddish purple with yellow tips, ratio of second coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.23–0.60, the third 40–50, 0.8–3.0 mm long, 0.06–0.13 mm wide, linear, spreading flat, very dark reddish purple with yellow tips, ratio of third coronal row to second coronal row length 0.20–0.65, the fourth through seventh ca. 100 per series, 0.6–1.3 mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, very dark reddish purple, ratio of coronal rows 4–7 to third coronal row length 0.30–0.72(-0.91); operculum 0.3–0.7 mm long, denticulate, very dark reddish purple, nectary absent; limen absent, limen floor 4.7–7.1 mm in diameter, very dark reddish purple; androgynophore 2.7–4.1 mm long, 0.7–1.3 mm wide; free portions of the staminal filaments 2.3–3.6 mm long, 0.4–0.7 mm wide, linear, very dark reddish purple; anthers 1.6–3.1 mm long, 0.7–1.7 mm wide, extrorse at anthesis with their axes maintained parallel to the filament; styles 4.1–6.3 mm long including stigmas, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, greenish yellow with very dark reddish purple tinge; stigmas 0.7–1.6 mm in diameter; ovary 1.3–3.7 mm long, 1.4–2.7 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry 14.4–26.0 mm long, 12.5–19.00 mm in diameter, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, greenish yellow with white spots, becoming soft at the base at maturity. Seeds ca. 10, 5.0–6.1 mm long, 2.1–2.7 mm wide, 1.3–1.9 mm thick, widely elliptic in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with 12–24 foveae. Germination type epigeal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_23_distribution phytokeys.43.7804.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nBelize, Guatemala, and Mexico. Tropical semideciduous forests (selva mediana subcaducifolia and selva mediana subperennifolia); growing in shrubs or trailing along the ground on soil of little depth, lying directly on top of limestone; 20–500 m. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 100c428ee586ecfadb48a4de03e08fa5 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_23_p_1 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 54.a Flower of Passiflora itzensis (MacDougal 4633) Scale bar = 5.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal b Flower of Passiflora xiikzodz (MacDougal 4677) Scale bar = 5.0 mm. Photo by J. M. MacDougal. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33775.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33775.jpg 2014 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_23_p_2 phytokeys.43.7804.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 55.Distribution of Passiflora itzensis and Passiflora xiikzodz. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4224 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kristen Porter-Utley Porter-Utley K (2014) A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) PhytoKeys (43): 1–224 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33776.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_33776.jpg 2014 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_1_description phytokeys.44.7993.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual herb, 11–15.5 cm high, monoecious, villous to glabrescent, provided with three types of trichomes, simple, slender trichomes, 1–2.6(–4.5) mm long, trichomes with thickened base, 0.3–0.8 mm long and microscopic, and sparse glandular trichomes. Stem 6–8 mm diam., rhizomatous, prostrate, fleshy, pilose, covered by stipules; internodes 1–3 mm long. Stipules 0.7–0.75 × 0.3–0.35 cm, ovate, apex long-apiculate, margin entire, with minute hairs to essentially glabrous, carinate, appressed, persistent. Leaves: petiole 3.5–9 cm long, cylindrical, villous to glabrescent, ring of trichomes at apex ca. 4 mm long; blade 3.5–7.8 × 4–9.2 cm, reniform, entire, symmetric to slightly asymmetric, basifixed; base cordate; apex rounded; margin crenate, ciliate; sparsely pilose to glabrescent on both surfaces, trichome scars with thickened base, concolorous, light green; venation actinodromous, 7–9 veins at base, membranaceous. Inflorescence: dichasial cyme 9–20 cm long, 4–14-flowered; peduncle 7–17,5 cm long, pilose and glandular; first order bracts ca. 1.5 × 0.8 mm, lanceolate, apex apiculate, margin entire, carinate, persistent. Staminate flowers: pedicel 9–12 mm long, sparsely glandular to glabrous; tepals 2, white, 6–7 × 5.5–6 mm, ovate to elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, margin entire, glandular on abaxial surface; androecium actinomorphic, stamens 16–22, filaments 0.2–0.4 mm long, free, anthers 1.5–2 mm long, rimose, connective prolonged. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5, [only seen in bud]: bracteoles 2, opposite, at base of ovary, lanceolate, persistent [only seen in bud]; styles 3, ca. 0.5 mm long, bifid, branches spirally-arranged, stigmatic papillae covering branches, stigmatic surface papillose, yellow; ovary 7.5–8.2 mm long, trilocular, placentation axile, placenta bifid [obtained from capsules]. Capsules ca. 12 × 13 mm [including wings], three-winged, sparsely glandular, dehiscing at the basal portion; wings unequal, larger ones ca. 14 × 5 mm, apex rounded, smaller ones ca. 12 × 3 mm, rounded. Seeds ca. 0.2 mm long, elliptic to oblong. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4497 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bernarda de Souza Gregório, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, Alessandro Rapini Gregório B, Costa J, Rapini A (2015) Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil PhytoKeys (44): 1–13 b35e8eb032ebbae11d8c6236445c81d7; 1687672ee8d598c89877c22b76296278; e13d0f0eef7e09ea7aaf85281b6beac1 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Begonia delicata. A Habit B Detail of indumentum on adaxial surface of leaf-blades C Stipule, seen from dorsal side D Detail of the ring of trichomes at the apex of the petiole E First order bract F Staminate flower G Stamen H Style-branch I Ovary, transverse cut, showing placenta J Capsule K Seed [A–G Pinto 587 (RB); H–K holotype Pinto 53–55 (ALCB); drawn by Bernarda Gregório]. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4497 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bernarda de Souza Gregório, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, Alessandro Rapini Gregório B, Costa J, Rapini A (2015) Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil PhytoKeys (44): 1–13 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36877.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36877.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Geographical distribution of three new species of Begonia. A Latin America showing Brazil and Bahia State B Bahia State showing the three political-economic regions of Bahia with new species of Begonia C Political-economic regions of Bahia showing the occurrence of the three new species. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4497 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bernarda de Souza Gregório, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, Alessandro Rapini Gregório B, Costa J, Rapini A (2015) Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil PhytoKeys (44): 1–13 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36878.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36878.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_2_description phytokeys.44.7993.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrub, 1–2.5 m high, monoecious, with sparse minute, simple hairs and microscopic glandular hairs to essentially glabrous. Stem erect to scandent, fleshy, sparsely pilose, longitudinally striate in herbarium specimens; internodes 1.7–5 cm long. Stipules 1.7–3.5 × 0.6–0.8 cm, lanceolate, apex apiculate, margin entire, with minute hairs to essentially glabrous, appressed, persistent. Leaves: petiole 1.3–3.3 cm long, cylindrical, with minute hairs to essentially glabrous; blade 13–18.2 × 6.2–8 cm, oblong to obovate, entire, asymmetrical, basifixed; base oblique; apex acuminate; margin entire to slightly undulate, glabrescent to glabrous on both surfaces, discolorous, adaxial surface green, abaxial surface light green to vinaceous; venation craspedodromous, thickened. Inflorescence: dichasial cyme 9–15 cm long, 4–8-flowered; peduncle 4,5–6 cm long, with minute hairs to essentially glabrous, vinaceous; first order bracts ca. 15 × 6 mm, obovate, apex rounded, margin entire, caducous. Staminate flowers: pedicel 10–14 mm long, glandular; tepals 4, white, the outer pair larger, 15–17 × 15–17 mm, orbicular to ovate, apex rounded, margin entire, concave, glabrescent on abaxial surface, the inner pair 12–14 × 3–4 mm, elliptic to oblanceolate, apex acute to obtuse, margin entire, concave, glabrous; androecium actinomorphic, stamens 26–34, filaments 0.1–1.2 mm long, free, anthers 2–3 mm long, rimose, connective not prolonged. Pistillate flowers [only seen in bud]: bracteoles 2, opposite, borne on pedicel, just below the ovary, caducous [not seen; inferred by pedicel scars on flower bud]; pedicel of floral bud ca. 1 cm long; tepals of floral bud 5, 9.2–10 × 5–7 mm, three slightly larger ones, elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, margin entire, glabrescent on the abaxial surface, white [styles damaged]; ovary ca. 7.5 mm long, trilocular, placentation axile, placenta bifid [obtained from capsules]. Capsules 1.8–2 × 2.7–3.7 cm [including wings], three-winged, glabrescent, light green, young wings vinaceous, becoming brown at maturity, dehiscing at the basal portion; wings unequal, larger ones 2–2.3 × 1.7–2.1 cm, apex obtuse to rounded, smaller ones 1.5–1.8 × 0.6–0.8 cm, rounded. Seeds ca. 0.3 mm long, oblong. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4497 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bernarda de Souza Gregório, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, Alessandro Rapini Gregório B, Costa J, Rapini A (2015) Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil PhytoKeys (44): 1–13 b35e8eb032ebbae11d8c6236445c81d7; 1687672ee8d598c89877c22b76296278; e13d0f0eef7e09ea7aaf85281b6beac1 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Geographical distribution of three new species of Begonia. A Latin America showing Brazil and Bahia State B Bahia State showing the three political-economic regions of Bahia with new species of Begonia C Political-economic regions of Bahia showing the occurrence of the three new species. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4497 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bernarda de Souza Gregório, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, Alessandro Rapini Gregório B, Costa J, Rapini A (2015) Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil PhytoKeys (44): 1–13 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36878.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36878.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Begonia elianeae. A Flowering branch B Stipule, dorsal side C Staminate flower D Stamen E Ovary, transverse cut, showing placenta F Capsule G Seed [A–D holotype Thomas 1086 (CEPEC); E–G Fiaschi 1704 (SPF); drawn by Bernarda Gregório]. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4497 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bernarda de Souza Gregório, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, Alessandro Rapini Gregório B, Costa J, Rapini A (2015) Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil PhytoKeys (44): 1–13 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36879.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36879.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_3_description phytokeys.44.7993.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSubshrub, ca. 3 m high, monoecious, pubescent, with both dendritic greyish trichomes, 0.1–0.4 mm long, and microscopic glandular trichomes. Stem erect, fleshy, pubescent; internodes 1–3.5 cm long. Stipules 2.5–3 × 0.7–1.5 cm, lanceolate, apex apiculate, margin entire, pubescent, carinate, appressed, caducous. Leaves: petiole 6.3–11.6 cm long, cylindrical, pubescent; blade 13–18 × 19–28 cm, transversally elliptic, deeply lobed (lobes approximately half the length of their main vein), 6 or 7 lobes, asymmetric, basifixed; base cordate; lobes with acute apex; margin serrulate; pubescent on both surfaces, more densely so on abaxial surface, discolorous, adaxial surface green, abaxial surface green-cinereous; venation actinodromous, 6 or 7 veins at base, slightly thickened. Inflorescence: dichasial cyme 32–39 cm long, ca. 180 flowers; peduncle 23.5–27 cm long, cinereous; first order bracts 4–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm, lanceolate, apex acuminate, margin entire, caducous. Staminate flowers: pedicel 1–1.4 cm long, pilose; tepals 4, white, the outer pair larger 6–7.2 × 3–4 mm, ovate to elliptic, apex acute to obtuse, margin entire, concave, glabrescent on abaxial surface, the inner pair 5–6.2 × 1.8–2.3 mm, oblong to oblanceolate, apex obtuse to rounded, margin entire, concave, glabrous; androecium actinomorphic, stamens 32–48, filaments 0.2–0.9 mm long, free, anthers 1–1.3 mm long, rimose, connective prolonged. Pistillate flowers [not seen]: bracteoles 2, opposite, borne on pedicel, just below ovary, caducous [scars seen on the pedicel from capsules]; styles 3, 1.6–2 mm long, bifid, branches spirally-arranged, stigmatic papillae covering branches, stigmatic surface papillose, yellow [obtained from capsules]; ovary 5–6.7 mm long, trilocular, placentation axile, placenta entire [observed from capsules]. Capsules 6–7.5 × 11–14.6 mm [including wings], three-winged, glabrescent, brown when mature, dehiscing at the basal portion; wings unequal, larger one 5–7 × 6–7 mm, apex obtuse to rounded, smaller ones 5.8–7 × 0.6–1.6 mm. Seeds ca. 0.3 mm long, oblong. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4497 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bernarda de Souza Gregório, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, Alessandro Rapini Gregório B, Costa J, Rapini A (2015) Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil PhytoKeys (44): 1–13 b35e8eb032ebbae11d8c6236445c81d7; 1687672ee8d598c89877c22b76296278; e13d0f0eef7e09ea7aaf85281b6beac1 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Geographical distribution of three new species of Begonia. A Latin America showing Brazil and Bahia State B Bahia State showing the three political-economic regions of Bahia with new species of Begonia C Political-economic regions of Bahia showing the occurrence of the three new species. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4497 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bernarda de Souza Gregório, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, Alessandro Rapini Gregório B, Costa J, Rapini A (2015) Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil PhytoKeys (44): 1–13 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36878.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36878.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.44.7993.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Begonia paganuccii. A Flowering stem B Detail of leaf, showing the dendritic trichomes C Stipules, seen from dorsal side D First order bract E Staminate flower F Stamen G Style-branch H Ovary, transverse cut, showing placenta I Capsule J Seed [A–J holotype Queiroz 10790 (HUEFS); drawn by Bernarda Gregório]. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4497 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bernarda de Souza Gregório, Jorge Antonio Silva Costa, Alessandro Rapini Gregório B, Costa J, Rapini A (2015) Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil PhytoKeys (44): 1–13 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36880.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36880.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_1_description phytokeys.44.8693.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nDelicate herb to small subshrub, woody at base, 20–100 cm tall, single stemmed or occasionally branching at the base. Stems 2–4 mm in diameter at the base, terete to ridged, often purple-tinged, sparsely pubescent with appressed 1–2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, 2.5–12.0 cm long, 1.0–4.0 cm wide, ovate-lanceolate; adaxial surface glabrous; abaxial surface with appressed 1–2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stem along the veins; primary veins 4–8 pairs; base cuneate to attenuate, slightly unequal and oblique; margins entire; apex acuminate; petiole 0.5–1.0 cm long, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves, especially on young growth. Inflorescences lateral and internodal, 1.5–3.0 cm long, simple, with 3–5(6) flowers often all apparently arising from the same place, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves; peduncle 1.0–1.5 cm long, often tinged with purple; pedicels 0.5–0.6 cm long, ca. 0.4 mm in diameter at the base and 0.5 mm at apex, straight and spreading at anthesis, articulated at the base; pedicel scars closely spaced a maximum of 1 mm apart. Buds conical, white, occasionally purple-tinged towards the base, the corolla strongly exerted from the calyx tube long before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect; calyx tube ca. 1.5–2.0 mm long, the lobes 1.0–1.5 mm long, deltate to traingular with acute apices, slightly reflexed at anthesis, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves; corolla 5–6 mm in diameter, stellate, whitewith a yellow, purple or black central star at the base, lobed 2/3 to nearly to the base, the lobes ca. 3.0–3.5 mm long, 1.5–2.0 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, later spreading, purple towards tips, densely pubescent abaxially with 1–2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, these usually shorter than the trichomes of the stems and leaves; filament tube 1.0–1.2 mm long, pubescent with a few scattered 3–5-celled trichomes at the base adaxially; free portion of the filaments ca. 1.1–1.4 mm long, pubescent like the tube; anthers (1.7-)3.0–3.4 mm long, 0.8–0.9 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age; ovary globose, glabrous; style 3.5–4 mm long, exerted only to 0.5–1.0 mm beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent in lower ¼ with 2–3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes; stigma globose, minutely papillate, pale yellow in live plants. Fruit a globose berry, 6–7 mm in diameter, green at maturity or green and turning purplish black when ripe, the surface shiny; fruiting peduncle same as in flower; fruiting pedicels 1.0–1.2 cm long, ca. 0.6 mm in diameter at the base, 0.9 mm at apex, spreading; fruiting calyx lobes 1.8–3.5 mm long, spreading, the tips reflexed. Seeds 35–45 per berry, c. 1.2 mm long, c. 1.1 mm wide, concave-reniform, narrower at one end, brownish orange, the sub-lateral hilum positioned towards the narrower end of the seed, the testal cells pentagonal in outline; stone cells few per fruit. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 56a112d332e9239f4a2300fe283eff3a; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.44.8693.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEcuador, Peru, and Bolivia on the eastern slopes of the Andes growing in mid-elevation montane forests in moist areas, along roadsides, often amongst mosses and small herbs, associated with Ericaceae and Asteraceae shrubs and herbs, Lauraceae, Alnus acuminata Kunth, Cecropia (Urticaceae), Clusia (Clusiaceae), Fuchsia (Onagraceae), Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae), Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae), Miconia (Melastomataceae), and tree ferns; between (800-) 1,000–2,800 (-3,500) m elevation. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 56a112d332e9239f4a2300fe283eff3a; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Photos of Solanum longifilamentum. A Habit (Cueva et al. 276) B Flowers at full anthesis (Särkinen et al. 4030) C Buds and flowers, floral type without black central star (Knapp et al. 10545) D Fruits with spreading calyx lobes (Knapp et al. 10545). Scale bars = 2 mm. Photos by S. Knapp (C, D), M. Cueva (A), and T. Särkinen (B). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36890.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36890.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution map of Solanum longifilamentum along eastern flanks of Central Andes in southern Ecuador and Peru. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36891.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36891.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_2_description phytokeys.44.8693.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nStout herb to a shrub up to 1.5 m tall, much branching at base, the individual branches up to 1m long. Stems 2-ridged or slightly winged especially towards base, 0.4–0.6 cm in diameter, purple-coloured especially at leaf nodes, nearly glabrous, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate, much reduced 1–3-celled trichomes especially on the often purple coloured young growth. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, 2–17 cm long, 1.2–8.4 cm wide, broadly ovate-lanceolate, membranous to somewhat fleshy; adaxial and abaxial surfaces sparsely pubescent with more or less appressed 1–3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long; primary veins 7–10 pairs; base rounded, decurrent on the petiole; margins entire, often purple tinged; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.3–1.2 cm long, occasionally narrowly winged, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves. Inflorescences 1.4–4.0 cm long, lateral and internodal, simple or once-branched, with 5–14 flowers arising very close together, sparsely pubescent with appressed 1–2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes similar to those on stem and leaves; peduncle 1.0–3.3 cm long, if the inflorescence branched then the peduncle rachis 0.2–0.4 cm long, short and congested; pedicels 1.0–1.2 cm long, 0.5–0.6 mm in diameter at the base tapering gradually to 1.0–1.2 mm in diameter at apex, straight and spreading at anthesis, recurving and becoming woody in fruit, not dehiscing; pedicel scars spaced 0–2 mm apart. Buds conical-ellipsoid, cream-coloured, the corolla strongly exerted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect; calyx tube 1.5–2.0 mm long, green, the lobes 0.7–0.9 mm long, broadly deltate with rounded apices, purple coloured, sparsely pubescent with 1-celled simple uniseriate trichomes; corolla 12–24 mm in diameter, stellate, white or rarely lilac with a yellow to yellow-green central star at the base, lobed slightly less than halfway to the base, the lobes ca. 9–15 mm long, 4–5 mm wide, spreading to reflexed at anthesis, pubescent abaxially with 1–3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes shorter than the trichomes of the stems and leaves, sparsely pubescent adaxially at base near the filaments with 5–7-celled simple uniseriate trichomes; filament tube ca. 2 mm long, adaxially pubescent with 5–7-celled simple uniseriate trichomes; free portion of the filaments ca. 2 mm long, sometimes slightly longer in two lowermost anthers at anthesis (elongating after anthesis?), pubescent like the tube; anthers ca. (2.8)3.0–3.4 mm long, 1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age; ovary cylindrical, pubescent 2/3 from the base with 2–3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes; style 6 mm long, exerted (0.5)1–2 mm beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent up to 2/3 of the length with 2–3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes at the base; stigma globose, minutely papillate, pale yellow in live plants. Fruit an ellipsoid berry, 8–11 mm in diameter, green turning translucent green-orange when ripe (purple-black in Knapp et al. 10404 but these affected by pathogens?), the surface smooth and shiny when young, with relatively thick pericarp ca. 0.1 mm; fruiting peduncle woody; fruiting pedicels 11–22 mm long, purple coloured, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base and 1.5 mm at apex, reflexed and woody in fruit, remaining on the plant after fruit drops; fruiting calyx lobes tightly appressed to the berry, purple-coloured, calyx often splitting into two larger lobes. Seeds 35–45 per berry, ca. 1.1 mm long, ca. 1.7 mm wide, concave-reniform, narrower at one end, brown, the hilum positioned sub-laterally towards the narrower end, the testal cells pentagonal in outline; stone cells few per fruit. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 56a112d332e9239f4a2300fe283eff3a; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.44.8693.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nAndean Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; growing in secondary vegetation, disturbed roadsides, landslides, and gravely slopes in ceja de Selva, montane cloud forest and Polylepis forests, associated with Chusquea (Poaceae). Gunnera (Gunneraceae), Cecropia (Urticaceae) and Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae); 2,000–3,600 (-3,900) m in elevation. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 56a112d332e9239f4a2300fe283eff3a; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Photos of Solanum antisuyo. A Buds and flowers, showing the distinct calyx with long tube and minute but thick purple coloured lobes (Knapp et al. 10399) B Habit, growing in a rocky land slide in gravel (Knapp et al. 10399) C Woody pedicels of the infrutescence, distinct character in herbarium specimens (Knapp et al. 10401) D Ellipsoid fruits with reflexed pedicels, and the characteristic appressed calyx lobes that split into two in fruit (Knapp et al. 10435). Scale bars = 2 mm. All photos by S. Knapp. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36892.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36892.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Distribution map of Solanum antisuyo, endemic species to Peru. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36893.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36893.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_3_description phytokeys.44.8693.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerb or vigorous, weak-stemmed shrub 0.2–1.5 m tall. Stems angled, sparsely to densely pubescent with simple, translucent, uniseriate 3–8-celled trichomes 0.8–2 mm long with glandular tips; new growth densely pubescent with spreading glandular trichomes like those of the stem. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, 2.6–13 cm long, 0.8–5 cm wide, ovate to broadly ovate, membranous; adaxial surface glabrous; abaxial surface paler or tinged with purple, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stem restricted to the veins; primary veins 5–7 pairs; base acute to cuneate and decurrent on the petiole; margins variable in shape from entire to undulate to shallowly lobed; apex acute-acuminate; petiole 0.5–5.0 cm long, sparsely to densely pubescent with glandular trichomes like those of the stems. Inflorescences 2.0–3.5 cm long, lateral and internodal, simple, with 3–8(9) flowers, sparsely to densely pubescent with spreading glandular trichomes like those of the stem; peduncle 1.0–2.4 cm long; pedicels 0.5–0.7 cm long, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter at the base and 0.4 mm at apex, straight and spreading, articulated at the base; pedicel scars unevenly spaced 1.0–2.5 mm apart. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exerted from the calyx tube long before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect; calyx tube ca. 1 mm long, shallow, the lobes 0.2–0.5 mm long, triangular with acute apices, sparsely to densely pubescent with glandular trichomes like those of the stem; corolla 8–12 mm in diameter, stellate, white with a purple-yellow or yellow-green central eye at the base, lobed 2/3 to the base, the lobes ca. 3.5–4.0 mm long, 1.0–1.5 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, later spreading, densely pubescent abaxially with glandular trichomes like those of the stems, glabrous adaxially; filament tube 1.0–1.2 mm long; free portion of the filaments slightly unequal in length, the lower two ca. 1.5 mm long, the upper three ca. 1.0–1.2 mm long, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate 1–3-celled trichomes on the side facing the ovary; anthers 3.0–4.0 mm long, 0.8–0.9 mm wide at base and 0.5–0.6 mm wide at apex, cylindrical, narrowing towards the apex, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age; ovary ellipsoid, glabrous; style 4–5.7 mm long, exerted 2.0–3.0 mm beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent up to 2/3 of the length with 1–6-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, these longer at the base and becoming gradually shorter towards the middle; stigma clavate, minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 3.5–7.0 mm in diameter, green, turning black when ripe; fruiting peduncle 2.0 cm long; fruiting pedicels 1.0–2.0 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base and 0.6 mm at apex, strongly recurved; fruiting calyx lobes appressed to the berry, the tips not reflexed. Seeds 35–45 per berry, ca. 0.8 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide, flattened-reniform, narrowing towards one end, yellow, the sub-laterally positioned hilum positioned towards the narrower end, the testal cells pentagonal in outline; stone cells few per fruit. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 56a112d332e9239f4a2300fe283eff3a; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.44.8693.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIn lowland Bolivia and Peru; in lowland moist rain forest in sandbanks and river margins, tree fall gaps, and in disturbed sites near housing and fields in open, sandy soil, with occasional records from seasonally dry semi-deciduous forests with Hura crepitans L. (Euphorbiaceae), Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms (Phytolaccaceae), Bougainvillea modesta Heimer (Nyctaginaceae), and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Amaranthaceae); most commonly associated with lowland rain forest pioneer species, including Salix humboldtiana Willd. (Salicaceae), Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. (Asteraceae), Cecropia spp. (Urticaceae), Calliandra sp. (Fabaceae), Neea spp. (Nyctaginaceae), Garcinia spp. (Clusiaceae), and Jacaratia digitata (Poepp. & Endl.) Solms (Caricaceae), and annual herbs such as Glinus radiatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohrb. (Molluginaceae), Physalis angulata L., Physalis peruviana L., and Solanum americanum Mill. (Solanceae); 0–600 (1,300) m elevation. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 56a112d332e9239f4a2300fe283eff3a; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.Photos of Solanum arenicola. A Habit B Buds and flowers, showing the dense indumentum of glandular-tipped, multi-cellular hairs throughout C Maturing fruits, showing reflexed pedicels in infrutescence D Leaf size and shape variation present within individuals as observed in the field (A–D Särkinen & Balarezo 4866). Scale bars = 1 mm. All photos by T. Särkinen. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36894.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36894.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.Distribution map of Solanum arenicola in lowlands of central and southern Peru, and northern Bolivia. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36895.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36895.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_4_description phytokeys.44.8693.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTrailing herbs, stems to 20–30 cm tall arising from woody trailing stems that root at nodes, the individual stems up to 5 m long. Stems terete, 1.5–2.5 mm in diameter, moderately to densely pubescent with spreading bayonet hairs (uniseriate, 2-celled hairs with an elongate, thicker-walled basal cell capped by a short acuminate cell) and with simple, 2–4-celled uniseriate glandular-tipped finger hairs c. 0.5 mm long; new growth densely pubescent with trichomes like those of the stems; bark of older stems grey-brown, smooth. Sympodial units plurifoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, 1.4–3.5 cm long, 1.0–1.6 cm wide, ovate-lanceolate; adaxial surface moderately pubescent with bayonet hairs like those on the stems, and with simple, 2-celled uniseriate glandular-tipped hairs c. 0.3 mm long; abaxial surface more densely pubescent with trichomes like those of the upper surface; primary veins 4–6 pairs; base acute to obtuse; margins entire; apex rounded; petiole 0.5–1.2 cm long, moderately to densely pubescent with trichomes like those of the stems. Pseudostipules in pairs, simple, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, ovate-lanceolate, tip acute, resembling leaves in shape and appearance. Inflorescences 1.5–2.7 cm long, lateral and internodal, simple, with 3–5 flowers in the distal half, moderately to densely pubescent with spreading trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 0.4–1.6 cm long; pedicels 0.6–0.7 cm long, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter at the base and apex, straight, curved at the tip, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced ca. 1 mm apart. Buds globose, the corolla only exerted from the calyx tube just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect; calyx tube ca. 1.5–2.0 mm long, the lobes 2.0–2.5 mm long, 1.8–2.0 mm wide, broadly deltate, with acute apices, spreading in bud and flower, moderately to densely pubescent; corolla 1.2–1.5 cm in diameter, shallowly stellate, white, lobed halfway to slightly less than halfway to the base, the lobes ca. 4–5 mm long and 4–5 mm wide, spreading at anthesis, moderately to densely pubescent abaxially with trichomes like those of the stem, glabrous adaxially; filament tube minute, glabrous; free portion of the filaments ca. 1.0–1.2 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2.7–3.0 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age; ovary conical, glabrous; style 5–6 mm long, exerted 1.5–2.0 mm beyond the anther cone, glabrous; stigma clavate, minutely papillate, yellow-green in live plants. Fruit (immature) an ellipsoid berry, 8–9 mm long and 6.8 mm wide when developing, with the mesocarp ca. 0.2 mm wide, green, fully enclosed in the accrescent calyx, glabrous, mature fruits not seen; fruiting peduncle 1.3–2.2 cm long; fruiting pedicels 1.8–2.3 cm long, 0.3–0.5 mm in diameter at the base and 0.5–1.8 mm at apex, reflexed 180° in fruit; fruiting calyx 8–9 mm long, 3.5–4.0 mm wide and still developing, appressed to and enclosing the entire berry, the calyx lobes spreading at the mouth of enclosing tube. Seeds 30–40 per berry, 1.2–1.5 mm long, 1.0–1.2 mm wide, flattened-reniform, yellowish, the surfaces minutely pitted, the hilum positioned laterally in the middle, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 56a112d332e9239f4a2300fe283eff3a; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.44.8693.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Peru; growing along north facing banks in loamy soils in along roadsides, not in full sun, associated with Lycianthes lycioides (L.) Hassl. (Solanaceae) and various grasses; only known from a single population at 2,600 m elevation from San Marcos Province in the Department of Cajamarca. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 56a112d332e9239f4a2300fe283eff3a; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Photos of Solanum mariae. A General habit B A floral bud and a flower at full anthesis C Maturing fruits enclosed in calyx D Distinct calyx lobes spreading in flower (A–D Särkinen & Baden 4651). Scale bars = 2 mm. All photos by T. Särkinen. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36896.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36896.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.44.8693.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.Distribution map of Solanum mariae, a narrow endemic from northern Peru. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4499 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Paúl Gonzáles, Sandra Knapp Särkinen T, Gonzáles P, Knapp S (2015) Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America PhytoKeys (44): 39–64 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36897.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36897.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8513.sp_1_description phytokeys.44.8513.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTreelet, to 4 m tall, all vegetative parts glabrous; with decussate, horizontal branches; branchlets quadrangular, 4.0–7.0 mm in diameter, bark drying brown. Stipules ca. 25–30 mm long, initially calyptrate and covering the apical bud, subsequently interpetiolar, triangular, with raised median line and apiculate apex; persistent. Leaves: sessile, narrowly obovate, ca. 39.0–42.0 × 10.5–12.2 cm; bases acute–auriculate; apices acute; adaxial surface: green when fresh, drying pale brownish-gray, smooth, secondary veins brochidodromus, obvious, curved, 15–20 pairs; midribs prominent, pale green when fresh, ±the same colour of the leaf when dry; abaxial surface: pale green when fresh, pale brown when dry, veins reddish-brown. Inflorescences ±sessile, many-flowered (although only 1–few flowers may be mature at any given time); bracts initially calyptrate and covering the flower buds, subsequently splitting unequally to asymmetric, ±triangular sheaths, ca. 18 × 21 mm (1st order bracts), pale green–bright reddish pink, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely strigose (hairs ca. 0.9 mm), bracteoles reduced; Flowers: hypanthium narrowly urceolate, ca. 6.7 × 2.0 mm; calyces greenish white–bright reddish pink; calyx tubes 3.0–5.0 mm long, externally glabrous, but with hairs (ca. 0.5–1.0 mm long) and colleters on the lower inner surface; calyx lobes ca. 7.5 × 1.3 mm, narrowly triangular, with ciliolate margins (hairs ca. 0.5–2.5 mm); corollas white, funnelform, ±curved; corolla tubes ca. 15 mm long, externally and internally glabrous; corolla lobes ca. 10 × 4.6 mm long, acute, recurved at anthesis; stamens: sessile, attached ca. 3 mm below corolla sinus; anthers white, ca. 7.9 × 0.8 mm, linear, medifixed, exserted for ca. 0.5–1.0 mm; styles simple, ca. 16.5 mm long, sparsely pubescent (hairs ca. 0.5 mm long); stigmas shortly bifid (lobes ca. 0.5 mm long); exserted for ca. 0.5–1.0 mm; ovary ellipsoid, 2-locular, ovules arranged in two series, pendulous, ca. 16 ovules per locule; Fruits: mature fruits red, ca. 36–45 × 14–20 mm, glabrous, fleshy-indehiscent, fusiform, and apically elongated, with distinctive longitudinal grooves/ridges; calyx lobes persistent. Seeds: maturing at ± same rate, ca. 4.8–6.8 × 4.0–6.0 mm, compressed and angular. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4514 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kent Kainulainen, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison Kainulainen K, Razafimandimbison S (2015) Chapelieria magna, a new species of Rubiaceae from eastern Madagascar PhytoKeys (44): 89–95 addf5fa08706e86f3a052a511ae170b4; 80f2420a7f8abee4cec274b21afb86d4 phytokeys.44.8513.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.44.8513.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Chapelieria magna. A Habit and habitat B Flowering branch. Note the apical calyptrate stipules (one leaf removed) C Flower buds, and fruits in longitudinal and transversal sections, on leaf (×1.5) D Fruits E Inflorescence on leaf (×1.5). Photographs by Kent Kainulainen. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4514 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kent Kainulainen, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison Kainulainen K, Razafimandimbison S (2015) Chapelieria magna, a new species of Rubiaceae from eastern Madagascar PhytoKeys (44): 89–95 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_37007.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_37007.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8513.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.44.8513.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Chapelieria magna. A Leaf B Longitudinal section of corolla. C Stigma D Part of an inflorescence with flower buds and bracts E Longitudinal section of ovary and calyx F Fruit G Seed. Drawings from the holotype: Razafimandimbison et al. 1240, by Kent Kainulainen. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4514 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kent Kainulainen, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison Kainulainen K, Razafimandimbison S (2015) Chapelieria magna, a new species of Rubiaceae from eastern Madagascar PhytoKeys (44): 89–95 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_37008.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_37008.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1_description phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHabit an erect shrub up to 2 m tall, resprouter. Stems 1–3, bare with bursts of seasonal shoots in upper parts, with wide internodes; brown, covered in white storied lenticels; young seasonal shoots green, glabrous, glandular; flowering shoots produced seasonally on old stems, leafy along their entire length; plants also produce numerous sterile “water” shoots up to 1 m tall giving the plant an untidy restioid appearance. Leaves 3-foliolate at the base of each seasonal shoot, reducing to 1-foliolate thereafter, glabrous; leaf size variable, larger on water shoots from the rootstock (30–45 mm long, 30–40 mm wide); petiole 2–3 mm long; terminal leaflet of flowering shoots longest (20–40 mm long), basal pair (25–35 mm long), all 1.0–1.3 mm wide; glabrous, dark green; grooved, apex acuminate, base rounded; stipules 2–3 mm long, fused for half their length to the petiole, rigid, triangular, semi-patent, those on water shoots are longer, green and arching, rapidly senescent on flowering shoots. Inflorescences axillary along the length of seasonal shoots; flowers 1−3 per axil; peduncles absent or <1 mm long, terminated by a tri-toothed cupulum; cupulum lower tooth longest, acuminate, upper two teeth fused for half their length, yellowish, rapidly senescent, 1.0–1.2 mm long; pedicels 1–2 mm long Flowers 10–12 mm long, mauve to purple and white, borne 1–3 in leaf axils along seasonal flowering shoots. Calyx 5–6 mm long, 4 mm wide, pale green; tube 4 mm long, glabrous, ribbed; teeth triangular, equal, shorter than the tube, 2 mm long, carinal tooth cucullate at apex; glandular, margins ciliate with black hairs, inner face of teeth densely black-haired. Standard petal broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, 9–10 mm long, 8–10 mm wide; claw 2–3 mm long; mauve to purple, nectar “guide” situated above the strongly developed free appendages above the apex of the claw and comprised of a basal white area from which emerges a trifid purple flash that bleeds off into purple veins. Wing petals 9–11 mm long, 4 mm wide; claw 3 mm long; locked into keel indentation but not fused with it; longer than the keel; petal sculpturing present, upper basal, comprising 7–8 transcostal parallel lamellae. Keel 6 mm long, 3 mm wide; claw 5 mm long; apex dark purple. Androecium 9 mm long; tenth stamen free; sheath split adaxially, fenestrate; nectarial ring present, 0.5 mm high. Pistil 9 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, stipitate, glabrous but sparsely covered near distal end in curved stalked glands; ovules 1; style thickened at point of flexure, height of curvature 2 mm; stigma erect, penicillate. Fruits unknown. Seeds unknown (Fig. 1, Plate 1). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 5f7ce07ab2ce5bc8b12081b80c72ed2b; 7bf3f8cc6ba6983feeb562182e9b5050; d949df2151ac8471fa84bf839d0571fe; 3ca2fe63b69608d6ad28024bbc2d7fde phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPsoralea diturnerae is narrowly endemic to the northern slopes of the Outeniqua mountains in the Camferskloof area, George, Western Cape Province of South Africa (Fig. 3). Unlike other species of Psoralea (e.g. Psoralea odoratissima Jacq., Psoralea pinnata L., and Psoralea speciosa Eckl. & Zeyh.) that are colonial, this species is occasional in the landscape across a wider area. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 5f7ce07ab2ce5bc8b12081b80c72ed2b; 7bf3f8cc6ba6983feeb562182e9b5050; d949df2151ac8471fa84bf839d0571fe; 3ca2fe63b69608d6ad28024bbc2d7fde phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Psoralea diturnerae A. Bello, C.H. Stirt. & Muasya A flowering branch B leaf C transverse section of the leaflets D flower side view E standard petal F wing petal G keel petal H androecium I gynoecium showing the stigma J outer surface of calyx opened out K trifid cupulum L bud. Scale bars: A, B=1 cm; D–K=1 mm. Line drawing by Abubakar Bello from voucher A. Bello, C.H. Stirton & A.M. Muasya 41 (BOL). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36980.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36980.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Plate 1.Psoralea diturnerae A. Bello, C.H. Stirt. & Muasya A front view of flower B side view of flower C apex of flowering shoot D seasonal flowering shoot E habit with C.H. Stirton F leaf G short flowering shoot. Photographs Nicky van Berkel (A−C, F & G), Abubakar Bello (D) and Sandra Falanga (E). Voucher A. Bello, A.M. Muasya & C.H. Stirton 41 (BOL). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36981.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36981.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Distribution of Psoralea pinnata (circles), Psoralea diturnerae (triangles) and Psoralea vanberkelae (squares). The top right map of Africa shows the position of the Core Cape Region (blue) in South Africa (grey). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36984.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36984.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2_description phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHabit a small sprawling and mounding shrub to 60 cm tall and up to 1.5 m wide, resprouter. Stems 1–10, branching in upper parts of stems; branches erect, rough, grey, mostly bare except for upper parts; young seasonal shoots rough, blackish, hairy. Leaves 9 mm long, 10 mm wide, pinnately 5-foliolate, linear oblong, petiolate, fleshy, basal leaves of seasonal shoots smallest, patent to semi-erect, surface bumpy, glabrous; glands raised, hyaline but drying reddish brown to black, rachis grooved; basal leaflet pair 10 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, equal to or slightly shorter than terminal leaflet; terminal leaflet 10−11 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, flat on adaxial surface with a distinct furrow; stipules 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, straight, fused, joined by a bridge of tissue, glabrescent, teeth broadly triangular, apex acute, fleshy, persistent, becoming prominent and woody when leaves are shed, hairy, hairs short and stubby, covered densely with large raised glands. Inflorescences axillary in upper nodes of short seasonal shoots; peduncle short, 2 mm long, hairy; peduncle bracts paired, minute; cupulum 1 mm long, pale green, trifid, shortly triangular, lobes equal, black-haired, covered in large glands, drying reddish brown; pedicel 2 mm long. Flowers 10−11 mm long, pale to intense mauve to blue, borne solitary per axil. Calyx 6 mm long, 4 mm wide; tube 4 mm long, ribbed; teeth equal, shorter than tube, 2 mm long, pale green, sparsely covered in small black flat hairs and densely encrusted with mixed sized glands on outside; margins of teeth densely black ciliate, inside of teeth densely stubby black-haired; vexillar teeth scarcely fused above tube. Standard petal 9−10 mm long, 7−8 mm wide; claw 2−3 mm long, flattened, erect; very broadly ovate, reflexed to 90 degrees, apex rounded; mauve but dark purple in central area above the M-shaped white nectar “guide”, venation purple; callosities above the claw absent. Wing petals 6−7 mm long, 3−4 mm wide; claw 4−5 mm long; longer than keel petals, strongly folded once along middle, slightly billowy near apex, held parallel to keel, strongly auriculate; sculpturing present, upper basal comprised of 4−5 transcostal lamellae. Keel 5−6 mm long, 3−4 mm wide; claw up to 5 mm long. Androecium 7 mm long; tenth stamen free; sheath split abaxially, fenestrate; nectarial ring present, 0.3 mm high. Pistil 7 mm long; ovary 2 mm long, stipitate, glabrous but sparsely covered in curved stalked glands across sides; ovules 1; stigma penicillate. Fruits 1, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, papery, rugose, reticulate, brown. Seeds 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, oblong-elliptic, khaki with black mottles and flecks, hilum central (Fig. 2, Plate 2). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 5f7ce07ab2ce5bc8b12081b80c72ed2b; 7bf3f8cc6ba6983feeb562182e9b5050; d949df2151ac8471fa84bf839d0571fe; 3ca2fe63b69608d6ad28024bbc2d7fde phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPsoralea vanberkelae is a narrow endemic. It is known from some hundreds of individuals in an area of 500 × 500 m along the George to Knysna coastal stretch of the Indian Ocean and also from Cairnbrogie (Nicky van Berkel pers. comm., photographs) all in Western Cape Province of South Africa (Fig. 3). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 5f7ce07ab2ce5bc8b12081b80c72ed2b; 7bf3f8cc6ba6983feeb562182e9b5050; d949df2151ac8471fa84bf839d0571fe; 3ca2fe63b69608d6ad28024bbc2d7fde phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Psoralea vanberkelae C.H. Stirt., A. Bello & Muasya A flowering branch B leaf C stipule D flower viewed from the front E standard petal showing the M-shaped nectar patch F wing petal G keel petal H androecium I gynoecium showing the stigma J outer surface of calyx opened out K trifid cupulum L bud. Scale bars: A, B=1 cm; C–L=1 mm. Line drawing by Abubakar Bello from voucher N. van Berkel 1118 (BOL). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36982.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36982.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Plate 2.Psoralea vanberkelae C.H. Stirt., A. Bello & Muasya A details of glands on leaflets B base view of flowers showing cupulums below calyces C flower D short seasonal shoot with flower E habit. Photographs Nicky van Berkel. Voucher N. van Berkel 1118 (BOL). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36983.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36983.jpg 2015 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.44.8999.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Distribution of Psoralea pinnata (circles), Psoralea diturnerae (triangles) and Psoralea vanberkelae (squares). The top right map of Africa shows the position of the Core Cape Region (blue) in South Africa (grey). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4508 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Abubakar Bello, Charles H. Stirton, Samson B.M. Chimphango, A. Muthama Muasya Bello A, Stirton C, Chimphango S, Muasya A (2015) Psoralea diturnerae and P. vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa PhytoKeys (44): 97–107 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36984.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_36984.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution map of Sirdavidia solannona. Grey scale color shows elevation variation; Gabonese National Parks highlighted in green. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4665 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Thomas L.P. Couvreur, Raoul Niangadouma, Bonaventure Sonké, Hervé Sauquet Couvreur T, Niangadouma R, Sonké B, Sauquet H (2015) Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon PhytoKeys (46): 1–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38198.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38198.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Illustration of Sirdavidia solannona Couvreur & Sauquet. A Flowering branch (flower bud just above second leaf from the bottom) B Flower C One sepal, outer side view D One sepal, inner side view E Flower bud F Outer petal, outer side view G detail of pubescence of outer petal, outer side H Outer petal, inner side view I Inner petal, outer side view J detail of pubescence of inner petal, outer side K Inner petal, inner side view L detail of pubescence of inner petal, inner side M Stamen from inner whorl N stamen from outer whorl O Longitudinal section of carpel showing uniseriate row of ovules (stigma missing) P detail of young fruit. Drawing by Hans de Vries based on Couvreur 596 and Couvreur 597. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4665 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Thomas L.P. Couvreur, Raoul Niangadouma, Bonaventure Sonké, Hervé Sauquet Couvreur T, Niangadouma R, Sonké B, Sauquet H (2015) Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon PhytoKeys (46): 1–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38199.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38199.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Sirdavidia solannona. a Opened flower and flower buds (Couvreur 596) b Flower with recurved petals at anthesis (Couvreur 596) c Staminate flower (Couvreur 597) d Flower with all petals and part of the stamens removed, showing the silvery aspect of the carpel and the long stigma (Couvreur 596) e Cauliflorous flower and flower bud (Couvreur 596) f Young fruit, cauliflorous (Couvreur 596). Photos: TLP Couvreur. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4665 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Thomas L.P. Couvreur, Raoul Niangadouma, Bonaventure Sonké, Hervé Sauquet Couvreur T, Niangadouma R, Sonké B, Sauquet H (2015) Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon PhytoKeys (46): 1–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38200.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38200.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution map of Sirdavidia solannona. Grey scale color shows elevation variation; Gabonese National Parks highlighted in green. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4665 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Thomas L.P. Couvreur, Raoul Niangadouma, Bonaventure Sonké, Hervé Sauquet Couvreur T, Niangadouma R, Sonké B, Sauquet H (2015) Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon PhytoKeys (46): 1–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38198.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38198.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_2_p_4 phytokeys.46.8937.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Maximum likelihood tree with support values indicated on branches (ML bootstrap above; MP bootstrap below). Flower morphology of the genera in the Piptostigmateae tribe. a Annickia affinis (Exell) Versteegh & Sosef b Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc c Piptostigma multinervium Engl. & Diels d Polyceratocarpus parviflorus (Baker) Ghesq e Sirdavidia solannona f Mwasumbia alba. Photos: TLP Couvreur. Note: there is some confusion around the proper identification of the accession Lugas 111 (Woodiellantha sp in this study). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4665 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Thomas L.P. Couvreur, Raoul Niangadouma, Bonaventure Sonké, Hervé Sauquet Couvreur T, Niangadouma R, Sonké B, Sauquet H (2015) Sirdavidia, an extraordinary new genus of Annonaceae from Gabon PhytoKeys (46): 1–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38197.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38197.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1_description phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSmall achlorophyllous holomycotrophic herbs. Roots clustered, ± horizontal, vermiform, fleshy, 1.2–1.3 mm in diameter, cream-coloured. Stem cream-coloured, unbranched, erect, ca. 1.7 cm tall, 1.8–2 mm in diameter, glabrous, terete, with ca. 12 longitudinal ridges. Leaves white, appressed, clasping stem, narrowly triangular with acute apex, scale-like, 3–5.5 mm long, 1.7–2 mm wide; basal leaves smallest, upper leaves (equivalent to floral bracts) largest. Flowers in clusters of up to 3, developing sequentially with only one anthetic. Perianth actinomorphic, of 6 fused tepals, forming a perianth tube with free apical lobes. Perianth tube pinkish-white, membranous, urceolate, ca. 6.7 mm long, ca. 6.1 mm in diameter, with 12 dark red vertical ribs, abaxial surface distinctly verrucose; apex of perianth tube fused to form a dark red, rounded-hexagonal annulus, ca. 1.4 mm wide (top, externally), ca. 2.3 mm wide (base, externally) and ca. 1 mm (internal aperture); dark red, inverted V-shaped structures (putative nectaries) at apex of adaxial surface of perianth tube, opposite apertures between staminal filaments. Outer tepal lobes triangular, ca. 1.8 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide at base; inner tepal lobes spathulate, concave adaxially, ca. 3.3 mm long, ca. 1.7 mm wide at widest point, bearing a dark red filiform appendage on the abaxial surface, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter (towards base), 0.4 mm in diameter (towards apex); the three filiform appendages remain upright and cross each other, forming a persistent mitre. Stamens 6, pendent from the inner margin of perianth annulus, ca. 2.9 mm long, ca. 1.1 mm wide at widest point; filaments free, ca. 1 mm long; stamens laterally connate, forming an anther tube; individual stamens with two thecae (adaxial, dehiscing towards inner surface of perianth tube), ca. 0.7 mm long; apical connective of stamens ca. 1 mm long, with two distinct teeth, adorned with trichomes, ca. 0.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, obconical, ca. 2.7 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide towards apex; style ca. 0.6 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm in diameter, with three bilobed, rounded stigmas; stigmatic head ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Fruit a capsule ca. 4 mm long, ca. 4.8 mm wide, cup-shaped, carnose, pale orange-brown, dehiscing apically; fruiting peduncle ca. 2.5 mm diameter. Seeds numerous, yellow-brown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4670 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Shek Shing Mar, Richard M.K. Saunders Mar S, Saunders R (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal PhytoKeys (46): 21–33 2565cc84c8b9bf8ce19132a3a1c5ffdb; 905bd4645ead575566b017233804a425 phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Flower development in Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. A, B Root system, with young flowering stalk developing (arrowed). C–H Developing flower, photographed over a 17-day period (10th, 14th, 16th, 19th, 23rd and 27th May, respectively) (S.S. Mar 1, HK). I, J Post-fertilization flower, showing abscission of perianth tube. Photos by S.S. Mar. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4670 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Shek Shing Mar, Richard M.K. Saunders Mar S, Saunders R (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal PhytoKeys (46): 21–33 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38235.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38235.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Flower structure in Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. A Mature flower, showing outer tepals (ot), inner tepals (it) and abscission zone (ab) at the base of the perianth tube. B Entire plant (S.S. Mar 1, HK). C Perianth tube with annulus (a), following removal of the proximal face of the tube, exposing pendent stamens with filament (f), thecae (th), connective (c) and lateral appendage (la) (S.S. Mar 2, HK). D Inner face of perianth tube, showing network patterning and putative nectaries (arrowed) (S.S. Mar 2, HK). Scale bars: A, D = 2 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 1 mm. Photos: A, B S.S. Mar; C, D R.M.K. Saunders. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4670 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Shek Shing Mar, Richard M.K. Saunders Mar S, Saunders R (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal PhytoKeys (46): 21–33 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38236.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38236.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Fruit structure in Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. A Flower (rear right), immature fruit, shortly after fertilization (left), and mature fruit with exposed seeds (front). B Two fruiting individuals, each with three fruits. C Lateral view of fruiting specimen, illustrating elongated fruit stalk. D Mature fruit with exposed seeds. E Dehydrated fruit. F Rehydrated fruit, after rainfall. Photos by S.S. Mar. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4670 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Shek Shing Mar, Richard M.K. Saunders Mar S, Saunders R (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal PhytoKeys (46): 21–33 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38237.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38237.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.46.8963.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. (S.S. Mar 2, HK). A Entire flower. B Flower with proximal part of perianth tube removed, showing pendent stamens. C Apex of the perianth tube, showing annulus (a) and pendent stamens, with filament (f), thecae (th), lateral appendage (la), and aperture (ap) between filaments. D Longitudinal section through fused carpels. Scale bars: A, B, D = 2 mm; C = 1 mm. Drawings by Caren Pearl Shin. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4670 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Shek Shing Mar, Richard M.K. Saunders Mar S, Saunders R (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal PhytoKeys (46): 21–33 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38238.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38238.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8421.sp_1_description phytokeys.46.8421.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLiana. Stems terete, striate, interpetiolar region with ridges and glandular fields, eglandular and glandular trichomes covering the stem surface, eglandular trichomes simple, densely distributed in a hispid indument, glandular trichomes peltate and pateliform, flaky bark absent; prophylls 1.6–3 mm long, subulate, apiculate, smooth, hispid. Leaves bifoliolate with a terminal tendril; petioles semi-terete, hispid and with peltate trichomes, 0.95–4.49 cm long; petiolules terete, hispid with simple and peltate trichomes, 0.3–2.9 cm long, with equal length; tendrils trifid and uncinate; leaflets ovate, obovate or elliptic, apex acute to short acuminate with a drip tip, base rounded, symmetric or slight asymmetric, 3.2–8.6 × 1.2–7.14 cm, margin entire, membranaceous, the abaxial surface hispid with simple trichomes more concentrated on the veins, peltate trichomes throughout and pateliform glandular trichomes concentrated at the base, the adaxial surface hispid, primary venation straight, unbranched, secondary venation brochidodromous and tertiary venation percurrent. Inflorescence an axillary 3-flowered cyme, rarely reduced to one flower; pedicels 0.5–4.3 cm long, hispid and with peltate glandular trichomes; receptacle with pateliform trichomes; bracts deciduous, floral bracts filiform, deciduous, rarely present, elliptic to obovate, 0.7–5.5 mm long, membranaceous. Calyx green, bi-lobed, spathaceous with an incurved apicule, 1.4–3.2 × 0.7–1.6 cm, membranaceous, glabrate to hispidulous, with peltate trichomes. Corolla yellow, bilabiate with the upper 2 lobes reflexed and the lower 3 lobes forward, tubular-infundibuliform, glabrate, hispidulous 5.1–9.1 cm long, 1.3–2.2 cm, 4–5.7 cm wide; lobes obcordate, 1.2–2 cm long, 1.2–2.15 cm wide, margin entire. Androecium inserted at the tube, with simple trichomes at the insertion; short filaments 1.15–1.7 cm long, longer filaments 1.74–2.4 cm long, glabrous, attached at the same height from the base of the corolla, 4.5–9.4 mm from the base; staminode 8–9 mm long; anthers pale-yellow or white, 3–3.9 mm long. Gynoecium inserted at the tube, glabrous; pistil 3.3–3.8 cm long; ovary vinaceus, linear, 7–9 × 1.4 mm long; style 2.6–3 cm long; stigma rhombic. Fruits linear, attenuate toward base and apex, 77–125.8 × 1.17–2.2 cm, smooth, with lenticels, glabrous. Seeds with hyaline wings, thin, 2.2–3.8 × 1.4–1.8 cm wide, seed body oblong to ovoid, woody, 6–9 × 8–15 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4671 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Luiz Henrique M. Fonseca, Simone Miranda Cabral, Maria de Fátima Agra, Lúcia G. Lohmann Fonseca L, Cabral S, Agra M, Lohmann L (2015) Taxonomic updates in Dolichandra Cham. (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) PhytoKeys (46): 35–43 10197868908d7aabf831a420c0f91df0; e5a10efbaac42b2f2ef1b42169c0b3b8; ce30e603c29d164b868c4bc5eab87d73; 2a8db179cf26c4a0752c6fcc63578dac phytokeys.46.8421.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.46.8421.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nDolichandra hispida occurs in southern, southwestern and central Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia, whereas Dolichandra uncata has its northern limit in Mexico and southern limit in Argentina and Uruguay (Fig. 2). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4671 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Luiz Henrique M. Fonseca, Simone Miranda Cabral, Maria de Fátima Agra, Lúcia G. Lohmann Fonseca L, Cabral S, Agra M, Lohmann L (2015) Taxonomic updates in Dolichandra Cham. (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) PhytoKeys (46): 35–43 10197868908d7aabf831a420c0f91df0; e5a10efbaac42b2f2ef1b42169c0b3b8; ce30e603c29d164b868c4bc5eab87d73; 2a8db179cf26c4a0752c6fcc63578dac phytokeys.46.8421.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.46.8421.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.A Habit of Dolichandra hispida B Lateral view of flower C Flower frontal view showing the opening of the flower tube D Node branch showing the hispid indument (Photos L.H.M. Fonseca). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4671 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Luiz Henrique M. Fonseca, Simone Miranda Cabral, Maria de Fátima Agra, Lúcia G. Lohmann Fonseca L, Cabral S, Agra M, Lohmann L (2015) Taxonomic updates in Dolichandra Cham. (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) PhytoKeys (46): 35–43 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38239.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38239.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8421.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.46.8421.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution of Dolichandra hispida (red dots) and Dolichandra uncata (blue dots). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4671 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Luiz Henrique M. Fonseca, Simone Miranda Cabral, Maria de Fátima Agra, Lúcia G. Lohmann Fonseca L, Cabral S, Agra M, Lohmann L (2015) Taxonomic updates in Dolichandra Cham. (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) PhytoKeys (46): 35–43 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38240.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38240.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1_description phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nUnarmed shrubs 57–69 cm high, with 1–6 stems originating at the base; stems light green and darkening to a light brownish gray closer to the base, erect to decumbent, 58–119 cm in length, some branches partially resting on the ground, occasionally rooting when in contact with the soil or moss producing aerial roots, leaf scars subcircular, 9.5–12 × 6.5–11.8 mm, upper end of leaf scar depressed, basal portion slightly raised; leaf scar with a protuberance; latex white. Leaves clustered distally near end of stems, petiolate; petioles 2–4.2 cm long, pubescent; blades elliptic to oblong, in adult plants 20–33 × 10–16 cm, base cuneate to rounded, occasionally slightly truncate, apex acute to sub-obtuse, margins serrate to serrate-dentate, dull grayish-green on adaxial surface and dull greenish white on abaxial surface, stiff, slightly fleshy, both surfaces densely hirsute and minutely muricate; in juvenile plants leaves are less stiff, margins dentate, and hairs softer. Inflorescences axillary just above the leaf, up to 4 per stem, young inflorescences roughly perpendicular to stem, larger and more developed inflorescences pendant, 3–12 flowered, peduncles 5–12.2 cm long (dried specimen 7.7 cm long), pubescent. Flowers on pedicels 7–14 mm long (5–10 mm when dried), pubescent, subtended by linear bracts 7–18 × 2–6 mm, apex obtuse, margins entire, densely pubescent; hypanthium 10–15 mm (9–14 mm when dried) × 7–10 mm (5–7 mm when dried), obovoid to cylindrical, pubescent; calyx lobes linear to linear-oblong,16–18 × 5–7 mm (13–17 × 3–5 mm when dried), apex acute to subobtuse, retained on immature (green) fruits (no mature fruit seen); corolla dark purple with some lighter streaks developing with age, tubular, laterally compressed, curved, 86–99 mm long (80–95 mm when dried) × 12–13 mm wide medially (9–12 mm when dried), externally densely pubescent, internally glabrous, the lobes linear-subulate, 10–16 mm long × 5 mm wide at the base, reflexed, c. 1/4–1/3 as long as the tube; staminal column glabrous, adnate to corolla for half its length, anthers 9–10 mm long, scantily pubescent, the lower two with apical tufts of white hairs 2–3 mm long. Fruits berries (mature fruits not seen), immature fruits densely pubescent, with calyx lobes persistent. Seeds from immature fruits numerous, embedded in green pulp, obovoid, 0.74–0.84 × 0.58–0.64 mm, testa medium to dark brown, shiny and smooth. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4678 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler, Tobias B. Koehler, Sebastian N. Marquez, Mashuri Waite, Adam M. Williams Sporck-Koehler M, Koehler T, Marquez S, Waite M, Williams A (2015) A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), from the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands PhytoKeys (46): 45–60 e761774cc3ee83d86a65b2ec85391627; b4bb0ffa525b188eb77e2851d4d0110b; d4031c2a5d39d2351e01be6ea4b00aac; 7e0fc1e2117f7bbeef80cd12b7dd27ce; 7adc9d008f2551a68b816aa116e7bda0 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown only from the Kōnāhua-nui summit area in the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands. The population is on land owned by the State of Hawai‘i, Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), and is part of the Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve (Figure 1). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4678 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler, Tobias B. Koehler, Sebastian N. Marquez, Mashuri Waite, Adam M. Williams Sporck-Koehler M, Koehler T, Marquez S, Waite M, Williams A (2015) A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), from the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands PhytoKeys (46): 45–60 e761774cc3ee83d86a65b2ec85391627; b4bb0ffa525b188eb77e2851d4d0110b; d4031c2a5d39d2351e01be6ea4b00aac; 7e0fc1e2117f7bbeef80cd12b7dd27ce; 7adc9d008f2551a68b816aa116e7bda0 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Cyanea konahuanuiensis. A habit, photo with Adam M. Williams crouched down next to plant for scale B Seedlings growing in test tube in micropropagation lab C juvenile plant in the field D flowering stem with pendent inflorescence captured (photos by Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler ). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4678 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler, Tobias B. Koehler, Sebastian N. Marquez, Mashuri Waite, Adam M. Williams Sporck-Koehler M, Koehler T, Marquez S, Waite M, Williams A (2015) A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), from the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands PhytoKeys (46): 45–60 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38269.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38269.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Cyanea konahuanuiensis. A detail of corolla tube in profile. Dense pubescence and long calyx lobes apparent B close up view of buds C view of plant habit depicting single-stalked individual D view of plant habit depicting multi-stalked individual (photos by Tobias B. Koehler). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4678 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler, Tobias B. Koehler, Sebastian N. Marquez, Mashuri Waite, Adam M. Williams Sporck-Koehler M, Koehler T, Marquez S, Waite M, Williams A (2015) A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), from the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands PhytoKeys (46): 45–60 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38270.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38270.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.Cyanea konahuanuiensis. Inflorescence/flowers illustrating pendant inflorescence, dense pubescence of flowers, and long calyx lobes. Pubescent petioles and hairless stems are also apparent (photo by Tobias B. Koehler). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4678 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler, Tobias B. Koehler, Sebastian N. Marquez, Mashuri Waite, Adam M. Williams Sporck-Koehler M, Koehler T, Marquez S, Waite M, Williams A (2015) A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), from the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands PhytoKeys (46): 45–60 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38271.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38271.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.Cyanea konahuanuiensis. Inflorescence/flowers illustrating dense pubescence of flowers, long calyx lobes. Pubescent leaves also apparent (photo by Chris A. Johns). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4678 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler, Tobias B. Koehler, Sebastian N. Marquez, Mashuri Waite, Adam M. Williams Sporck-Koehler M, Koehler T, Marquez S, Waite M, Williams A (2015) A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), from the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands PhytoKeys (46): 45–60 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38272.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38272.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1_p_5 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Cyanea konahuanuiensis. Solitary stem illustrating typical leaf arrangement clustered distally near the stem terminus (photo by Chris A. Johns). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4678 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler, Tobias B. Koehler, Sebastian N. Marquez, Mashuri Waite, Adam M. Williams Sporck-Koehler M, Koehler T, Marquez S, Waite M, Williams A (2015) A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), from the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands PhytoKeys (46): 45–60 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38273.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38273.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1_p_6 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.Cyanea konahuanuiensis. Photo of holotype (photo courtesy of Bishop Museum). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4678 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler, Tobias B. Koehler, Sebastian N. Marquez, Mashuri Waite, Adam M. Williams Sporck-Koehler M, Koehler T, Marquez S, Waite M, Williams A (2015) A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), from the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands PhytoKeys (46): 45–60 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38275.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38275.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1_p_7 phytokeys.46.8694.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Distribution map of Cyanea konahuanuiensis showing site of population on South East O‘ahu in the Ko‘olau Mountain Range. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4678 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Margaret J. Sporck-Koehler, Tobias B. Koehler, Sebastian N. Marquez, Mashuri Waite, Adam M. Williams Sporck-Koehler M, Koehler T, Marquez S, Waite M, Williams A (2015) A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), from the Ko‘olau Mountains of O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands PhytoKeys (46): 45–60 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38267.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38267.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.9039.sp_1_description phytokeys.46.9039.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nGlabrous shrub to 3.5 m; bark grey to sometimes creamy-pink; branchlets terete, grey to reddish-brown. Leaves drying pale green above, light brown below; coriaceous, 10‒15 × 4.5‒9 cm, elliptic, oval-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, base round, cuneate or sub-cordate to cordate, apex acute to shortly acuminate, margin flat; 10‒18 secondary vein pairs, 3–16 mm apart, prominent on both sides, tertiary veins few, faint; inner intramarginal vein 2–4 mm from leaf margin, outer intramarginal faint, 1–2 mm from leaf margin; petiole 4‒8 mm long, robust, green when young, reddish-brown when old, 2–3 mm diameter. Inflorescences cauliflorous, ca. 6 cm long, axes terete, flowers up to 6, in clusters of 1–3; bracts and bracteoles deltoid, ca. 2 mm long, caducous. Flowers ca. 2 cm long; pseudostalk ca. 2 mm long; hypanthium 12–13 × 7–11 mm, pyriform, light green to cream; sepals 4–5 × 2–3 mm, obtusely triangular or obtuse; petals 8–9 × ca. 6 mm, orbicular; stamens 12‒15 mm long, light pink; anthers ca. 1 mm; ovules few per locule; style 7‒18 mm long. Fruits pyriform, 20 mm long × larger diameter 15.8‒19.3 mm and smaller diameter (near calyx disc) 12.5‒14 mm; colour not recorded, surface with few hairs. Seeds 1‒2, globular when 1, half-moon shape when 2; 11.2‒11.6 mm × 10.7‒12.3 × 11‒11.5 mm when globular or same height but 10 × 6 mm diameter when half-moon shape, testa bullate; not seen fresh. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4679 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ James W. Byng, F. B. Vincent Florens, Cláudia Baider Byng J, Florens F, Baider C (2015) Syzygium pyneei (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered endemic species from Mauritius PhytoKeys (46): 61–66 a0f7f6a42eba1d51e2950e85ae32fe8e; 220dd80d2ac0dd45224306b8407ef615; 742993913bd7fc05317d8adec447d5e5 phytokeys.46.9039.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.46.9039.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThis species is only known from Mauritius, and has not been recorded outside Mondrain Reserve. Only two individuals have been recorded and no seedlings have been seen. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4679 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ James W. Byng, F. B. Vincent Florens, Cláudia Baider Byng J, Florens F, Baider C (2015) Syzygium pyneei (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered endemic species from Mauritius PhytoKeys (46): 61–66 a0f7f6a42eba1d51e2950e85ae32fe8e; 220dd80d2ac0dd45224306b8407ef615; 742993913bd7fc05317d8adec447d5e5 phytokeys.46.9039.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.46.9039.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Vegetative characters. A and B bark C close-up of branchlet D lower leaf surface E upper leaf surface F petioles G leaf venation. (A and G Byng 83; B–F Byng 84). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4679 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ James W. Byng, F. B. Vincent Florens, Cláudia Baider Byng J, Florens F, Baider C (2015) Syzygium pyneei (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered endemic species from Mauritius PhytoKeys (46): 61–66 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38276.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38276.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.9039.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.46.9039.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Floral and fruit characters. A and B Sole recorded images of flowering event C Close-up of dried inflorescence D Close-up of two fruits. (A–C D’Argent & Pynee MAU 25014; D D’Argent & K. Pynee MAU 26448; A and B courtesy of Kersley Pynee). Scale bar = 1 cm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4679 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ James W. Byng, F. B. Vincent Florens, Cláudia Baider Byng J, Florens F, Baider C (2015) Syzygium pyneei (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered endemic species from Mauritius PhytoKeys (46): 61–66 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38277.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_38277.jpg 2015 phytokeys.46.8976.sp_1_description phytokeys.46.8976.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSmall shrubs to 20 cm tall. Stems branched distally. Leaves alternate, imbricated, appressed, broadly inserted and membraneous at base; blade oblong. 4 mm long by ca. 1.5 mm wide, coriaceous with narrowly recurved margins, dark green, covered with pale hairs on both surfaces, longer and more yellowish abaxially, abaxial pubescence dense and giving abaxial leaf surface rounded appearance, completely obscuring leaf margins, apex blunt. Infloresence of mostly 1–3 heads at tips of unattenuated branches; heads hemispheric, ca. 7 mm high, to 4 mm wide; pale- tipped involucral bracts ca. 15, narrowly lanceolate, 4–5 mm long. ca. 0.8 mm wide. with distal ca. 1.5 mm usually reflexed and whitish inside, pale pink outside; peripheral functionally female florets ca. 20 or more; corollas reddish, filiform, ca. 3.5 mm long, with pair of minute lobes and small biseriate glands distally; style base enlarged, distal branches filiform, scarcely roughened; achenes ca. 1 mm long; glabrous; pappus bristles ca. 28–30, ca. 4 mm long, bases connate in basal row of cells, tips not or scarcely broadened, apical cells with blunt tips; bisexual florets 3–6; corollas reddish, narrowly funnelform, ca. 3.5 mm long, distally with 5 lanceolate lobes ca. 0.5 mm long; anther thecae ca. 0.7 mm long, with long basal tails, apical appendage oblong-lanceolate, ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; style base enlarged, distal branches narrowly lanceolate. acute at tip, papillose on sides and apex; achene ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; pappus bristles ca. 28, connate in basal row of cells, distally broadened with bulging cells. \nThe species is known only from the single collection by Harriet Barkley and Juajibioy. The species is evidently closest to Chionolaena chrysocoma, also from Santa Marta, which also has appressed imbricated leaves. The new species has much broader leaves with dense pubescence abaxially that makes the abaxial surface seem rounded and completely hides the recurved leaf margins. Although the collector stated the heads were yellowish, the bracts and corollas seem reddish or pink. The differentiated tips of the involucral bracts seem less white than in other members of the genus. \nThe habit of the new species somewhat resembles that of Chionolaena costaricensis (Nesom) Nesom, but the Costa Rican species has much less densely pubescent leaves that are most often spreading rather than appressed to the stem. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4680 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Harold Robinson Robinson H (2015) Notes on the genus Chionolaena in Colombia with a new species Chionolaena barclayae (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) PhytoKeys (46): 67–71 840629434df7977019e1637eef5023b7 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1_description phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrub to small treelet 0.5–3 m tall; young stems terete, glabrous or minutely puberulent with simple uniseriate trichomes to 0.5 mm long; new growth glabrous; bark of older stems smooth, greenish brown. Sympodial units difoliate, geminate; leaves of a pair not differing in shape. Leaves simple, the major leaves 8–10(-15) cm long, 2–3(-5) cm wide, elliptic to obovate, usually widest near the middle or in the distal half, glabrous on both surfaces, fleshy in texture; primary veins 8 pairs, usually paler than the lamina; base sessile and more or less auriculate; margins entire; apex attenuate; petiole absent or < 0.1 cm long; minor leaves 3–5 cm long, 1–2 cm wide, differing from the majors only in size. Inflorescence 0.1–0.3 cm long, opposite the leaves, unbranched, with 4–7 flowers, glabrous; peduncle < 0.1 cm long; pedicels ca. 0.8 cm long, 0.5 mm in diameter at the base and apex, filiform, nodding at anthesis, glabrous, articulated at the base; pedicel scars tightly packed and almost overlapping. Buds ellipsoid to rounded, the corolla exserted ca. halfway from the calyx tube just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, perfect. Calyx tube 1.5–2 mm long, conical, the lobes 2–3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, narrowly deltate to long-triangular with a 1–1.5 mm long projection that in live plants is a fleshy knob, glabrous. Corolla 0.8–1 cm in diameter, white, stellate, lobed ½ to 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes ca. 0.4 cm long, 0.2 cm wide, planar at anthesis, minutely puberlent at the tips and along margins. Stamens 3–4 mm long; filament tube ca. 0.5 mm long, the free portion of the filaments <0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2.5–3.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores elongating to longitudinal slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 4–5 mm long, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose or depressed globose berry, ca. 1 cm in diameter, green or pale whitish green, glabrous, the pericarp thick, not markedly shiny; fruiting pedicels ca. 1.5 cm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter at the apex, woody, deflexed; calyx lobes in fruit persistent and slightly elongating, occasionally breaking off but always with > 1 mm remnants. Seeds ca. 30 per berry, not known from mature fruit. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to eastern Brazil in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, known from northernmost Minas Gerais and southern Bahia (Figure 3). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Photograph of living plants of Solanum amorimii, Solanum apiahyense and Solanum filirhachis. A Immature fruit of Solanum amorimii (Giacomin et al.1962) B Flowers of Solanum amorimii (Amorim et al. 5210) C Inflorescence with flower and fruit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) D Habit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) E Inflorescence, flower and leaves of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854) F Fruit (immature) of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854). Photographs: A (S. Knapp), B (A.M. Amorim), C–F (L.L. Giacomin). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39354.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39354.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Isotype specimen of Solanum amorimii (Amorim et al. 5210, BHCB). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39355.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39355.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Distribution of Solanum amorimii. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39356.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39356.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2_description phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSmall erect shrubs, to 50 cm tall, often rhizomatous with a horizontal woody branch bearing several adventitious roots; young stems moderate to densely pubescent, with 4–8-celled hyaline trichomes to 2 mm long; new growth drying dark, densely pubescent; bark of older stems pale gray, glabrescent, not exfoliating. Sympodial units 3-plurifoliate, normally not geminate, if geminate, with leaves differing only in size. Leaves simple, 3.4–11 × 0.8–4 cm, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, membranous, slightly discolorous, shiny green adaxially when fresh, drying pale green beneath, dark above, not shiny, both surfaces moderate to densely pubescent with hyaline simple uniseriate trichomes 1–2 mm long with up to 5 cells, sometimes with a multicellular base (but see comments); primary veins 5–7 pairs, the midrib and primary veins darker abaxially, raised; base attenuate to acute, slightly decurrent onto the petiole, mostly symmetric; margins entire, not revolute, ciliate with antrorse hyaline trichomes; apex attenuate to acuminate; petioles 2.5–15 mm long, densely pubescent, with trichomes like those of the stems and leaves. Inflorescences 1.7 to 3.3 cm long, mostly lateral or less often strictly opposite the leaves, unbranched, with 3–5 flowers, moderate to densely pubescent, with hyaline trichomes like those of the stems and leaves; peduncle 4–15 mm long; pedicels 5 to 11 mm long, articulated at base; pedicel scars closely spaced ca. 1 mm apart. Buds globose to slightly elongate, the corolla mostly included in the calyx tube, exserted only just before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube up to 1 mm long, conical, getting reflexed, the lobes up to 0.9 mm long in flower, to 1.7 mm long in fruit, approximately 1.6 mm wide, acuminate and discretely keeled, adaxially, glabrous or papillose, covered with tiny 1–2-celled glandular trichomes, abaxially densely pubescent, with trichomes as those of the stem, or sometimes even longer, with 2.5 mm, and normally 5–6 cells. Corolla 1.5–1.7 cm in diameter, white, stellate, membranous, lobed from 2/3 to 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 7.5–9 mm long, 3–3.5 mm wide, reflexed at anthesis, deltate to lanceolate, glabrescent adaxially, abaxially sparsely pubescent, with 3–4-celled delicate simple trichomes of ca. 0.5 mm along the midvein, with tufts of few celled tiny trichomes less than 0.1 mm long on the tips and margins. Stamens 3.2–3.6 mm long; filament tube ca. 0.5 mm long, the free portion of the filaments up to 0.6 mm long equal in length or slightly unequal, and when so, one filament slightly longer (barely visible in dried material), glabrous; anthers 2.6–2.8 mm long, 1.6–1.8 mm wide, ellipsoid, slightly connivent, yellow, slightly sagittate at the base, the pores directed introrsely, opening into longitudinal slits at maturity. Ovary glabrous; style 4.2–5 mm long, white, straight, glabrous; stigma capitate, light green. Fruit a globose berry 0.7–1.4 cm in diameter (immature?), dull green, drying dark, the pericarp glabrous and not markedly shiny; fruiting pedicels 1.2–2 cm long, ca. 0.7 mm in diam. at the base, to 1.1 mm at the apex, with a slight constriction at the receptacle; calyx lobes in fruit somewhat enlarged. Seeds approximately 70 per fruit, known only from very young fruits, possibly flattened and with a marginal wing when fully developed. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIn the Serra do Mar mountain range in the Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and São Paulo (Figure 5). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Photograph of living plants of Solanum amorimii, Solanum apiahyense and Solanum filirhachis. A Immature fruit of Solanum amorimii (Giacomin et al.1962) B Flowers of Solanum amorimii (Amorim et al. 5210) C Inflorescence with flower and fruit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) D Habit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) E Inflorescence, flower and leaves of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854) F Fruit (immature) of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854). Photographs: A (S. Knapp), B (A.M. Amorim), C–F (L.L. Giacomin). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39354.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39354.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Lectotype specimen of Solanum apiahyense (Puiggari s. n., WU). Reproduced with permission of the University of Vienna. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39357.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39357.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.Distribution of Solanum apiahyense. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39358.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39358.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3_description phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nErect shrubs to small trees, up to 3 m tall, normally branching close to the apex, the upper stems ascendant; young stems terete, glabrous; new growth brownish, glabrous. Bark of older stems turning pale greyish brown, glabrous, not exfoliating. Sympodial units difoliate, mostly geminate, with leaves not differing in shape or size. Leaves simple, 4.6–15.9 cm long, 1.3–4.9 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, membranous to chartaceous, slightly discolorous when dry, the adaxial surface glabrous, dark green and somewhat shiny in live plants, the abaxial surface sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate 7–12-celled trichomes to 1 mm long in tufts in the primary vein axils, occasionally extending to the midrib; primary veins 5–9 pairs, yellowish green, discretely raised above, raised beneath; base attenuate to acute, slightly decurrent onto the petiole, sometimes asymmetric; margins entire, slightly undulate (ruffled) and revolute, apex long-attenuate to acuminate; petioles 1–9 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescences 3.5 to 26 cm long, opposite the leaves or internodal, unbranched, slender and very delicate, with 18–60 flowers, but bearing normally with 4–10 flowers at a time, glabrous; peduncle 1.8–3.8 cm long; pedicels 7–18 mm long, ca. 0.4 mm in diam. at the base, ca. 0.9 mm in diameter at the apex, with a constriction at the receptacle, articulated at base, unevenly spaced 1.7 to 10 mm apart. Buds globose, the corolla completely exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube to 1 mm long, conical, the lobes ca. 0.2 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, acuminate and somwewhat keeled, papillose adaxially, glabrous abaxially. Corolla 6–8 mm in diameter, normally whitish purple adaxially, light purple abaxially, stellate, membranous, lobed more than ¾ the way to the base, the lobes 4–5 mm long, 1–1.7 mm wide, spreading at anthesis and becoming reflexed in older flowers, deltate to lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces, minutely papillose at tips and margins. Stamens 2.5–3 mm long; filament tube ca. 0.3 mm long, the free portion of the filaments up to 0.2 mm long, equal in length or slightly unequal, and when so, two filaments slightly longer (barely visible in dried material), glabrous; anthers 2–2.5 mm long, 1.2–1.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, slightly connivent, yellow, poricidal at the tips the pores directed introrsely, elongating to longitudinal slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 4–6 mm long, white, straight, glabrous, the stigma light grayish green, capitate. Fruit a globose berry 1–1.5 cm in diameter, dull green at maturity, with irregular black spots (Figure 1F) drying grayish brown, the pericarp glabrous, not shiny; fruiting pedicels 2.0–2.4 cm long, clearly obconical, ca. 0.5 mm in diam. at the base, widening markedly towards the apex to ca. 2.5 mm in diam.; calyx lobes in fruit ca. 1.5 mm long, commonly broken off in dried fruiting material. Seeds 20–25 per berry, 2.5–4.5 mm long, 2–3.3 mm wide, ovoid-reniform to somewhat flattened towards the margins, light to dark brown, the surface irregularly pitted, the testal cells undulate. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nRestricted to the state of Espírito Santo (Figure 7), in south-eastern Brazil. Collections are known from the central and northern parts of the state, from both sides of the Rio Doce. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Photograph of living plants of Solanum amorimii, Solanum apiahyense and Solanum filirhachis. A Immature fruit of Solanum amorimii (Giacomin et al.1962) B Flowers of Solanum amorimii (Amorim et al. 5210) C Inflorescence with flower and fruit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) D Habit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) E Inflorescence, flower and leaves of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854) F Fruit (immature) of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854). Photographs: A (S. Knapp), B (A.M. Amorim), C–F (L.L. Giacomin). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39354.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39354.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.Holotype specimen (sheet two) of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854, BHCB019057). Reproduced with permission of the Universidade Federal de Minas de Gerais. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39359.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39359.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3_p_3 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of Solanum filirhachis. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39360.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39360.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4_description phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrub or small treelet 1–3 m (occasionally as small as 25–30 cm or as tall as 5 m); young stems terete, glabrous; new growth glabrous or minutely papillate; bark of older stems pale brown, with prominent paler lenticels. Sympodial units difoliate, geminate or more usually not geminate; leaves of a pair usually differing in size but not in shape. Leaves simple, 9.5–25 cm long, 3.5–9 cm wide, narrowly obovate, widest in the distal half, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces, the abaxial surface paler in dry specimens; primary veins 6–10 pairs, drying dark abaxially; base attenuate; margins entire; apex bluntly acute to attenuate; petiole 1–3 cm long, glabrous; minor leaves, if present, differing only in size from the majors. Inflorescences 0.1–0.5 cm long, terminal, more or less leaf-opposed or internodal and appearing pseudoaxillary, unbranched or occasionally furcate, with 5–10 flowers, glabrous; peduncle 0.1–0.5 cm long, the flowers in an apical clump; pedicels 0.9–1.1 cm long, < 0.5 mm in diameter at the base and apex, filiform, spreading at anthesis, glabrous, articulated at the base, with a constriction at the apex just below the calyx lobes, this becoming more pronounced in fruit; pedicel scars congested and overlapping at the tip of the very short inflorescence. Buds ovoid, the corolla strongly exserted form the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, perfect. Calyx tube ca. 0.5 mm long, conical, the lobes 0.5–0.75 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide, deltate, with scarious margins and rounded tips, glabrous. Corolla 0.9–1 cm in diameter, white, stellate, lobed ca. 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 3–4.5 mm long, 1.5–3 mm wide, spreading or somewhat reflexed at anthesis, the tips and margins minutely papillose. Stamens 2.5–3 mm long; filament tube ca. 0.5 mm long, the free portion of the filaments < 0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 1.5–2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, ellipsoid to almost globose, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to longitudinal slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style ca. 4 mm long, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate, the surface papillose. Fruit a globose to somewhat ellipsoidal berry, 0.5–1 cm in diameter, greenish white, occasionally pointed at the apex, the pericarp thin, shiny, brittle when dry; calyx lobes in fruit not markedly enlarging; fruiting pedicels 1–1.3 cm long, 0.5–1 mm in diameter at the base, enlarging gradually to 1.5–2 mm in diameter at the apex, with a slight constriction just below the calyx lobes, not markedly woody, pendant; calyx lobes in fruit not markendly enlarged. Seeds 10–20 per berry, 3–4 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, somewhat flattened-reniform (perhaps immature?), dark to blackish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the margins paler and thickened; testal cells pentagonal in outline. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nsouth-eastern Brazil in the states of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (Figure 11). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.Photograph of living plants of Solanum lacteum, Solanum psilophyllum and Solanum verticillatum. A Inflorescence and flower of Solanum lacteum (Agra et al. 7284) B Habit of Solanum lacteum (from Linhares, ES; no voucher) C Habit of Solanum psilophyllum showing rhizomatous growth (Giacomin et al. 186) D Flowers and young stems of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) E Fruit of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) F Immature fruit of Solanum verticillatum, inset shows pseudo-verticillate branching pattern (Giacomin et al. 2016). Photographs: A–E (J.R. Stehmann), F (S. Knapp). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39361.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39361.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.Lectotype of Solanum lacteum. Vellozo (1831) Volume 2, plate 93. Reproduced with permission of the Natural History Museum Library. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39362.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39362.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4_p_3 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.Epitype specimen of Solanum lacteum (Agra et al. 7284, RB). Reproduced with permission of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39363.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39363.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4_p_4 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.Distribution of Solanum lacteum. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39364.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39364.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5_description phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTreelet to 4 m, rhizomatous with underground stems; young stems terete, glabrous; new growth completely glabrous, occasionally minutely papillate; bark of older stems greenish brown, slightly winged from the leaf bases. Sympodial units difoliate, geminate; leaves of a pair differing in size but not usually in shape. Leaves simple, the major leaves 10–15(-25) cm long, 4–13 cm wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, occasionally wider in the distal third and narrowly obovate, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces, the abaxial surface often drying paler than the adaxial surface; primary veins 8–11 pairs, drying somewhat lighter than the lamina; base attenuate, somewhat oblique; margins entire; apex acute, the tip somewhat blunt; petiole 1.5–2 cm long, glabrous; minor leaves 6–8 cm long, 2–3 cm wide, differing from the majors only in size and sometimes not present in dried specimens. Inflorescences 0.2–2 cm long, opposite the leaves or appearing to arise from the leaf axils, unbranched, but apparently sometimes with 2 inflorescences from one axil and appearing branched (Giacomin et al. 186), with 5–8 flowers, glabrous; peduncle 0.1–2 cm; pedicles 1.2–1.5 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the swollen apex with a marked constriction just below the calyx lobes, slender and expanding distally, spreading or pendant at anthesis, glabrous, articulated at the base; pedicel scars 0.5 -1 mm apart, more congested in the distal part of the inflorescence. Buds obovoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, perfect. Calyx with the tube 0.5–1 mm long, broadly conical, the lobes 1–1.5 mm long, deltate to triangular, reflexed at anthesis, glabrous. Corolla 1.2–1.4 cm in diameter, white, stellate, lobed 1/2 to 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes ca. 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, spread at anthesis, glabrous with the tips minutely papillate. Stamens 3.5–4 mm long; filament tube ca. 0.5 mm long, the free portion of the filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2.5–3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 5–6 mm long, glabrous; stigma not expanded, blunt, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 1–1.3 cm in diameter, green, the pericarp not markedly shiny, thick; fruiting pedicels 1.5–1.7 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, 2.5–3 mm and expanded at the apex, woody and pendant; calyx lobes in fruit not markedly expanding, but distinctly differentiated from the enlarged pedicel apex. Seeds not known. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIn the south-eastern part of the state of Minas Gerais, in islands of forest (capões) associated with iron or quartzite formations in the Iron Quadrangle and Serra do Cipó regions, in the southern limit of Espinhaço mountain range (Figure 13). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.Photograph of living plants of Solanum lacteum, Solanum psilophyllum and Solanum verticillatum. A Inflorescence and flower of Solanum lacteum (Agra et al. 7284) B Habit of Solanum lacteum (from Linhares, ES; no voucher) C Habit of Solanum psilophyllum showing rhizomatous growth (Giacomin et al. 186) D Flowers and young stems of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) E Fruit of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) F Immature fruit of Solanum verticillatum, inset shows pseudo-verticillate branching pattern (Giacomin et al. 2016). Photographs: A–E (J.R. Stehmann), F (S. Knapp). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39361.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39361.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5_p_2 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 12.Holotype specimen of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186, BHCB019054). Reproduced with permission of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39365.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39365.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5_p_3 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.Distribution of Solanum psilophyllum. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39366.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39366.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_6_description phytokeys.47.9076.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree to 8 m, the branching appearing somewhat verticillate with branches in congested groups; young stems terete, completely glabrous, usually shiny; new growth completely glabrous and shiny, in live plants sometimes purplish green; bark of older stems pale yellow when dry, in live plants greyish brown. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves clustered along the stems. Leaves simple, 4.5–16 cm long, 2–5 cm wide, elliptic to obelliptic, usually narrowly so, chartaceous and somewhat brittle, both surfaces glabrous and shiny, drying a golden brown; primary veins 6–10 pairs, drying yellowish brown, not looping in a submarginal vein; base acute to acuminate; margins entire, sometimes revolute; apex abruptly acute to attenuate; petiole (0.5-)1–2 cm long, glabrous, drying pale yellowish brown. Inflorescences 2–5 cm long, terminal, appearing axillary but this due to short internodes and congested leaves, branching 1–2 times, with 30–40 flowers, completely glabrous; peduncle 0.5–2.5 cm long; pedicels 1.5–1.7 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, filiform, spreading at anthesis, glabrous, articulated at the base; pedicel scars unevenly spaced 1–2 mm apart, usually clustered at the tips of the inflorescence branches. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla completely enclosed in the calyx when young, exserted 2/3 to 3/4 of the way just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect, intensely sweet-smelling (Custodio Filho 305). Calyx tube 1–1.5 mm long, conical, the lobes 0.9–1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, broadly deltate, with scarious margins and a central thickened keel ending in a rounded point, glabrous or the tips with a few papillae. Corolla (1.4-)1.6–1.8 cm in diameter, white, stellate, lobed nearly to the base, the lobes 6–8 mm long, 2.5–3.5(-4) mm wide, spreading at anthesis, densely papillate on the cucullate tips, otherwise completely glabrous. Stamens 4.5–6 mm long; filament tube 1 mm long or less, the free portion of the filaments minute, <0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers (3-)4–4.5 mm long, 1–1.2 mm wide, obellipsoid with the base narrower than the distal portion, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 5–7 mm long, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate, the surface papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 1–1.2 cm in diameter, pale green and white speckled (immature) becoming yellow or orange when ripe, the pericarp shiny and leathery, shattering when pressed and dried; fruiting pedicels 2–2.5 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, expanding gradually to ca. 2 mm in diameter at the apex, more or less woody, hanging; calyx lobes in fruit not markedly lengthening. Seeds 10–20 per berry, 5–5.5 mm long, 3–4 mm wide, reniform and somewhat flattened, dark brown with paler margins, the surfaces minutely pitted and usually quite thin the embryo easily visible, the testal cells with sinuate margins. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 39d1e650338c65002c53d13ab15819cd; b60e29024bf4c69dd146265d03bba757 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_6_p_1 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.Photograph of living plants of Solanum lacteum, Solanum psilophyllum and Solanum verticillatum. A Inflorescence and flower of Solanum lacteum (Agra et al. 7284) B Habit of Solanum lacteum (from Linhares, ES; no voucher) C Habit of Solanum psilophyllum showing rhizomatous growth (Giacomin et al. 186) D Flowers and young stems of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) E Fruit of Solanum psilophyllum (Giacomin et al. 186) F Immature fruit of Solanum verticillatum, inset shows pseudo-verticillate branching pattern (Giacomin et al. 2016). Photographs: A–E (J.R. Stehmann), F (S. Knapp). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39361.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39361.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_6_p_2 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 14.Holotype specimen of Solanum verticillatum (Custodio Filho & Dias 305, SP002705). Reproduced with permission of Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39367.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39367.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_6_p_3 phytokeys.47.9076.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 15.Distribution of Solanum verticillatum. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4836 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Sandra Knapp, João Renato Stehmann, Leandro L. Giacomin Knapp S, Stehmann J, Giacomin L (2015) New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil PhytoKeys (47): 1–48 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39368.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_39368.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.8767.sp_1_description phytokeys.47.8767.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs 30–60 cm tall, stems decumbent, virgately branched, with two subequal lateral branches developing adjacent to inflorescence; leafy stems 0.8–1.5 mm in diam., terete, brown, moderately shortly strigillose-canescent with white ascendant trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long; older stems with peeling brown bark. Leaves opposite, blade elliptic to broadly elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 0.8–1.8 × 0.3–1.0 cm, apex obtuse to rounded, or occasionally truncate, usually apiculate, base acutely cuneate, sides slightly attenuate and decurrent, subcoriaceous to coriaceous and brown when dry, bright green when fresh, both surfaces moderately shortly strigillose with appressed trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm, pustular, venation obscure, 1–2 (–3) pairs secondary veins arising near base, petiole 2–4 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm in diam., shortly strigillose. Inflorescences terminal, scorpioid-cymose, forked 1(–2) times, axes densely shortly strigillose-canescent like the stems, 2–4 cm long, peduncle 0.5–0.8 cm long, primary axes 1.5–3 cm long. Flowers sessile to subsessile, 18–23 per axis, calyx lobes 5, unequal, 1–2 larger, ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.6–1 mm, 3–4 smaller, narrowly ovate to oblong, 1 × 0.3–0.4 mm, densely strigillose toward base, corolla shortly funnelform, 2 mm long, tube 1-1.5 mm long, externally densely villose-strigillose, internally slightly villosulous in throat, lobes 5, subcircular, 0.5–0.7 × 0.5–0.7 mm, margin crisped, stamens 5, attached midway in tube, basifixed, anthers ellipsoid, 0.5–0.6 mm long, apiculate; ovary cylindric-ovoid, glabrous except for ring of trichomes 0.2–0.3 mm long surrounding base of style, style terminal, 0.3 mm long, stigmatic column 0.3–0.4 mm long, cylindrical-conical, apex strigillose, base annular. Fruit broadly ovoid, 1 × 1.6 mm, shortly strigillose, shallowly 4-lobed, dry, splitting into 4 wedge-shaped nutlets. Nutlets 1.3–1.5 × 1–1.1 mm, dorsally strigillose, ventrally glabrous, brown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4898 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner Lorence D, Wagner W (2015) Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) with description of a new species PhytoKeys (47): 49–57 d65e907b78ac0a0e7e779e33cb9152d4; c4e5ede2167d2ffda4f9436c53c16ce8 phytokeys.47.8767.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.47.8767.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMarquesas Islands, known only from three collections made on Eiao. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4898 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner Lorence D, Wagner W (2015) Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) with description of a new species PhytoKeys (47): 49–57 d65e907b78ac0a0e7e779e33cb9152d4; c4e5ede2167d2ffda4f9436c53c16ce8 phytokeys.47.8767.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.47.8767.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Heliotropium perlmanii Lorence & WL Wagner A Habit B Upper leaf surface, C Inflorecence D Flower, lateral view E Corolla, face view F Flower, longitudinal section showing stamens and gynoecium G Corolla, sectioned to show stamens and indument, H Fruit and calyx, lateral view I Fruit showing 4 carpels. All figures drawn from Perlman & Florence 10052 (US) and photos from Falaise Est Eiao, 11 March 2007 courtesy of J-F Butaud. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4898 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner Lorence D, Wagner W (2015) Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) with description of a new species PhytoKeys (47): 49–57 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40086.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40086.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.8767.sp_2_description phytokeys.47.8767.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or suffrutescent perennials 1–2 m tall, stems erect or decumbent, sympodially branched, with usually only a single lateral branch 30–120 cm long developing adjacent to inflorescence, terete, 1.5-3 mm diam., most parts densely silvery white strigillose with ascending white trichomes 0.2–0.5 mm long. Leaves subopposite to alternate, blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 1–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm, apex acute, obtuse or rounded, often apiculate, base acute to narrowly cuneate, sometimes attenuate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, both surfaces strigillose to densely white strigillose with appressed white trichomes 0.2–0.4 mm long, smooth or sometimes pustular, secondary veins 2–3 pairs arising in basal half of lamina; petiole 3–15 mm. Inflorescences terminal and later displaced by growth of one axillary bud, or sometimes leaf-opposed, scorpioid-cymose, densely white strigillose as for stems and leaves, 4–7 cm long, forked once, peduncle 1–2 cm long, primary branches 2.5–7 cm long, each with 17–35 flowers. Flowers sessile or subsessile, calyx lobes 5, densely white strigillose, free to the base, subequal, ovate to lanceolate, 1.7–2.2 × 0.7–1.2 mm, acute to acuminate; corolla shortly funnelform, 2.6–3.2 mm, tube 2.0–2.2 mm, externally strigillose except at base, internally with pubescent lines below the lobes, lobes 5, subcircular, 1.2-1.7 × 0.8–1.3 mm × 0.8 mm, margins crisped, dorsally strigillose medially; stamens 5, attached below middle of tube, basifixed, anthers linear-oblong, 0.6–0.7 mm long, glabrous, not connate; ovary ovoid, densely strigillose, 0.5 mm long, style terminal, 0.3–0.6 mm long, glabrous, stigmatic column 0.4–0.5 mm, cylindrical-conical, papillose, apex strigillose, base annular. Fruit broadly ovoid, 1.5–2.0 × 2.0 mm, shallowly 4-lobed, externally strigillose, dry, splitting into 4 wedge-shaped nutlets. Nutlets 1.4–1.6 × 0.8–1.0 mm, apiculate, dorsally densely strigillose, ventrally glabrous, dark brown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4898 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner Lorence D, Wagner W (2015) Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) with description of a new species PhytoKeys (47): 49–57 d65e907b78ac0a0e7e779e33cb9152d4; c4e5ede2167d2ffda4f9436c53c16ce8 phytokeys.47.8767.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.47.8767.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMarquesas Islands, known only from Nuku Hiva. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4898 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner Lorence D, Wagner W (2015) Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) with description of a new species PhytoKeys (47): 49–57 d65e907b78ac0a0e7e779e33cb9152d4; c4e5ede2167d2ffda4f9436c53c16ce8 phytokeys.47.8767.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.47.8767.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Heliotropium marchionicum Decne. A Habit B Upper Leaf surface C Inflorescence D Flower, lateral view E Corolla, face view F Flower, longitudinal section showing stamens and gynoecium G Corolla, sectioned to show stamens and indument H Fruit and calyx, lateral view I Fruit showing 4 carpels. Drawn from Perlman 10005 (US) and photos from Nuku Hiva, 24 February 2007 [A], Mercier 1847 (US) and photos from Nuku Hiva, 24 February 2007 courtesy of J-F Butaud [B–I]. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4898 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner Lorence D, Wagner W (2015) Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) with description of a new species PhytoKeys (47): 49–57 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40087.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40087.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.4423.sp_1_description phytokeys.47.4423.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender herb to 20–30 cm high, with multiple long, creeping stems arising from a central taproot. Stems rooting at nodes, 1–2 mm in diameter, up to 50 cm long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with spreading translucent 4–6-celled simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, 1.5–3.6 cm long, 0.9–2.3 cm wide, broadly ovate to orbicular; adaxial surface glabrous; abaxial surface glabrous or sparely pubescent with appressed 1–3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes along veins and leaf margins; primary veins 3–4 pairs; base rounded to attenuate, occasionally decurrent; margins entire, undulate, or shallowly lobed; apex acute; petiole 0.7–1.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent with simple 1–3-celled uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems, especially on young leaves. Inflorescences 1.5–3.0 cm long, simple, lateral, leaf-opposing or internodal, with 2–6 flowers, sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate 4–6-celled spreading trichomes; peduncle 1.0–3.0 cm long, 0.4–0.5 mm in diameter at the apex and 0.6 mm in diameter at the base; pedicels 0.6–0.9 cm long, ca. 0.4 mm in diameter at the base and ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the apex, straight and spreading at anthesis, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced 0.2–1.5 mm apart. Buds globose, white or purple-tinged. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect, nodding; calyx tube ca. 1.4–1.5 mm long, the lobes 1.6–2.0 mm long, rectangular-deltate in outline with rounded to acute apices, somewhat spreading at anthesis, sparsely pubescent with simple 1–4-celled uniseriate trichomes; corolla 1.4–1.6 cm in diameter, white to pale or deep violet-blue, with a dark purple ring and yellow-green central star at the base, stellate, lobed to the middle, the lobes ca. 4.0–5.0 mm long, 2.0-2.5 mm wide, reflexed at anthesis, densely pubescent abaxially with 1–2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, these usually shorter than the trichomes of stems and leaves, glabrous adaxially; filament tube 1.3–1.5 mm long; free portion of the filaments ca. 1.1–1.6 mm long, pubescent with 4–7-celled uniseriate trichomes at the base adaxially; anthers 3.5–4.0 mm long, 0.8–1.0 mm wide, ellipsoid to rectangular in outline, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age; ovary globose, glabrous; style 5–6 mm long, exerted 1.0–1.7 mm beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent with 2–3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes in the basal 2/3; stigma clavate, minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 4–5 mm in diameter, green when developing, the colour when mature unknown, with a few stone cell aggregates in each berry; fruiting pedicels 1.1–3.2 cm long, ca. 0.4 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.6 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading, becoming somewhat woody; fruiting calyx lobes 2.8–3.2 mm long, spreading. Seeds 15–20 per berry, ca. 1.5–1.7 mm long, ca. 1.2–1.3 mm wide, flattened, reniform, pale-brown, the sub-lateral hilum positioned close to the middle, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4423 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Sandra Knapp, Michael Nee Särkinen T, Knapp S, Nee M (2015) Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes (Morelloid Clade) PhytoKeys (47): 97–109 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 56d4378f5c79c8f76be2d2b06fe2d06b phytokeys.47.4423.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.47.4423.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to montane forests of the Eastern Bolivian Andes in the Departments of Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz, in open areas close to water sources, near rivers and moist depressions, and marshy meadows on sandy or rocky substrates, associated with Podocarpus parlatorei Pilg., Alnus acuminata Kunth, Hesperomeles ferruginea (Pers.) Benth., Alchemilla pinnata Ruiz & Pav., Azorella biloba (Schltdl.) Wedd., Weinmannia fagaroides Kunth, Baccharis genistelloides (Lam.) Pers., Clethra scabra Pers., Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult., Symplocos nana Brand, Eleocharis spp., Chusquea spp., Morella pubescens (Willd.) Wilbur, ferns, grasses and Apiaceae herbs; between 1,900 and 3,200 m elevation. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4423 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Sandra Knapp, Michael Nee Särkinen T, Knapp S, Nee M (2015) Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes (Morelloid Clade) PhytoKeys (47): 97–109 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 56d4378f5c79c8f76be2d2b06fe2d06b phytokeys.47.4423.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.47.4423.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Illustration of Solanum alliariifolium. A Habit B Inflorescence with details of indumentum of simple, multi-cellular hairs along the stem, and short ciliate hairs along leaf margins C Flower just before anthesis, with and without corolla lobes removed D Flower at anthesis E Stamens F Gynoecium G Fruit (A–C, E–G Nee 40315, D Vargas 787). Illustration by Bobbi Angell. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4423 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Sandra Knapp, Michael Nee Särkinen T, Knapp S, Nee M (2015) Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes (Morelloid Clade) PhytoKeys (47): 97–109 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40373.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40373.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.4423.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.47.4423.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution map of Solanum alliariifolium. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4423 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Sandra Knapp, Michael Nee Särkinen T, Knapp S, Nee M (2015) Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes (Morelloid Clade) PhytoKeys (47): 97–109 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40374.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40374.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.4423.sp_2_description phytokeys.47.4423.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nRhizomatous herb with erect stems up to 15–50 cm tall arising from an underground rhizome. Stems 1.5–4.0 mm in diameter at base, slightly flexuose, terete to ridged, often slightly winged, often purple-coloured, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with appressed 1–4-celled simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long. Sympodial units difoliate, not geminate. Leaves simple, 2.3–8.0 cm long, 1.2–4.3 cm wide, ovate-lanceolate; adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent with 1–2-celled spreading hairs along lamina and veins; abaxial surface pubescent only along veins; primary veins 4–6 pairs; base attenuate to decurrent; margins lobed to entire, often purple-tinged, pubescent with short, 1-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, if present lobes present throughout or most commonly only in the basal 1/3 of the blade; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.5–1.2 cm long, sparsely pubescent with spreading, simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and leaves. Inflorescences 1.5–3.1 cm long, lateral and internodal, simple to 1-branched, with 6–15 flowers, sparsely pubescent with simple 1–4-celled uniseriate appressed trichomes; peduncle 1.0–2.4 cm long, and if branched, each branch with a rachis 3–4 mm long; pedicels 4–6 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter at the base and ca. 0.4 mm in diameter at the apex, straight and spreading at anthesis, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced 1–2 mm apart. Buds ovoid, white or purple-tinged. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect; calyx tube ca. 2.0–2.5 mm long, the lobes 1.0–1.5 mm long, triangular with acute apices, sparsely pubescent with simple 1–3-celled appressed uniseriate trichomes; corolla 1.2–1.5 cm in diameter, white or flushed with blue, with a yellow-green basal star, stellate, lobed 1/2 to 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 4.0–5.0 mm long, 2.5–3.0 mm wide, reflexed at anthesis, later spreading, densely pubescent abaxially with 1–2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, these usually shorter than the trichomes of stems and leaves, glabrous adaxially; filament tube 1.2–1.5 mm long; free portion of the filaments 1.0–1.2 mm long, pubescent along internal side with spreading hairs like those of the stems and leaves; anthers 3.2–3.5 mm long, 0.9–1.0 mm wide, ellipsoid or rectangular in outline, yellow; ovary globose, glabrous; style 6–7 mm long, exerted 2.5–3.0 mm beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent with 4-celled simple uniseriate trichomes in the basal 2/3; stigma globose, minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 6–7 mm in diameter, pale green (mature ?), with a few stone cell aggregates; fruiting pedicels 1.2–1.4 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.8 mm in diameter at the apex, strongly recurving; fruiting calyx lobes 2.5–3.5 mm long, appressed to the berry with the tips slightly reflexed. Seeds 15–25 per berry, 1.7–1.8 mm long, 1.4–1.5 mm wide, concave-reniform, pale brown, the hilum positioned towards the narrower end of the seed, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4423 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Sandra Knapp, Michael Nee Särkinen T, Knapp S, Nee M (2015) Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes (Morelloid Clade) PhytoKeys (47): 97–109 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 56d4378f5c79c8f76be2d2b06fe2d06b phytokeys.47.4423.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.47.4423.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to the arid interior valleys of the Bolivian Andes in the Departments of Cochabamba, Potosí, Santa Cruz, and probably Chuquisaca, growing in seasonally dry tropical forests and dry matorral vegetation, along slopes and on rocky and sandy soils, often found growing in moist depressions under the shade of larger trees and thickets, associated with Prosopis kuntzei Harms ex Kuntze, Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek, legumes, grasses, columnar cacti, and Asteraceae herbs; between 1,300 and 2,900 m elevation. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4423 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Sandra Knapp, Michael Nee Särkinen T, Knapp S, Nee M (2015) Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes (Morelloid Clade) PhytoKeys (47): 97–109 e7c5d6f509f40f74ac984b592687fe42; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6; 56d4378f5c79c8f76be2d2b06fe2d06b phytokeys.47.4423.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.47.4423.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Paratype of Solanum rhizomatum (Wood 11974, K). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4423 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Sandra Knapp, Michael Nee Särkinen T, Knapp S, Nee M (2015) Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes (Morelloid Clade) PhytoKeys (47): 97–109 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40375.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40375.jpg 2015 phytokeys.47.4423.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.47.4423.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Solanum rhizomatum. A Habitat in seasonally dry forests, eastern Bolivian Andes, Vallegrande, Dept. Santa Cruz B Habit amongst low herbs in partial shade C Rhizome D Inflorescence (A–D Nee & Mendoza 57594). Photos by M. Nee, scale bars = 1 cm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4423 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Tiina Särkinen, Sandra Knapp, Michael Nee Särkinen T, Knapp S, Nee M (2015) Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes (Morelloid Clade) PhytoKeys (47): 97–109 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40376.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_40376.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4399.sp_1_description phytokeys.48.4399.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nGeophytic, hysteranthous, perennial from tunicate bulbs. Bulbs globose to ovoid, offsetting readily, tunics brown, 2–4 cm diam, apically forming a neck 1–5 cm long. Leaves (Fig. 1A–C) 1–2 per bulb, glabrous, 18.5–30 cm long, tapering at base to a ca. 5 cm long hemiterete pseudopetiole; lamina lanceolate, sometimes slightly falcate, 14–14.5 × 1.8–3.0 cm wide at the middle, midrib inconspicuous adaxially, prominent abaxially, acute at apex, Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart (RHSCC, Royal Horticultural Society 1995) green 137A adaxially, 137D abaxially. Inflorescence scapose, 1–4 flowered, scape 25–30 cm tall, 3.7–3.9 mm diam, terete, glaucous, solid for most of its length with a narrow lumen apically, terminated by 2 marcescent ovate-lanceolate bracts enclosing the buds in the early stages of elongation, 20.9–21.6 mm long, 3.4–3.6 mm wide at base, 6 mm wide at middle, acute at apex. Flowers (Fig. 1D–G) pendulous via the spreading pedicels and curvature of the tube, 3.6–4 cm long from base of ovary to limb apex; pedicels 19–28 × ca. 0.5 mm. Perianth (Fig. 1D, E) actinomorphic, cylindrical proximally, distally campanulate, consisting of six tepals in two whorls, fused below the throat into a tube that is 2.7–3 mm diam, cylindrical, and green in the proximal 1–1.2 cm, constricting to 1.8–2.3 mm in its distal 3–4 mm before abruptly dilating to 7.3 mm and becoming orange (RHSCC orange red 33A). Limb of free tepals (Fig. 1F) spreading ca. 60° from the throat, 1.7–1.9 cm wide; outer tepals 9.8–10.6 mm × 4.8–5.6 mm (at middle), acute, with a white, papillose apiculum; inner tepals 7.5–8.5 mm long, 6.5–7 mm wide, minutely apiculate. Stamens joined at base into an inconspicuous membranous staminal corona in the form of six 0.8–1.0 cm long lanceolate, acute teeth, fused to the perianth tube except for the apical 1.0 mm of each tooth (Fig. 1G), with the filaments inserted between; free filaments filiform, light orange for their proximal third, then white in their distal 2/3, 1.7–1.8 cm long, exserted ca. 1 cm beyond the limb; anthers 1.8–2 mm long, oblong, dorsifixed, introrse; pollen yellow. Style 3.5–3.7 cm long, exserted 5–6 mm past stamens, orange, fading to light orange distally; stigma obscurely tri-lobed, 1–1.4 mm wide. Ovary ellipsoid, ca. 6.7 mm long, ca. 3.2 mm wide, ovules 20 or more per locule, axile in placentation. Mature fruit (Fig. 1H) a trigonous, papery, tri-loculicidal capsule ca. 1 cm long and 1.5 cm wide; seeds numerous, papyraceous, flattened, shortly obliquely winged, with a dark brown phytomelanous testa. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4399 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alan W. Meerow, Lou Jost, Nora Oleas Meerow A, Jost L, Oleas N (2015) Two new species of endemic Ecuadorean Amaryllidaceae (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Eucharideae) PhytoKeys (48): 1–9 4066305baca1ff05deaf221dce197b8b; f955f2148b7be486f1d6bf8815e13c32; ea5182aca147aeab6bc08c2faba1f4be phytokeys.48.4399.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.48.4399.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Stenomesson ecuadorense. A–C Plants in habit on limestone cliff D–G Inflorescence and flowers. Arrow in G denotes androecial teeth interposed between the free filaments H Plants in fruit in habitat I Distribution in Ecuador (black star). Map courtesy of www.freeworldmaps.net. The apparent yellowish stripes in Fig. 1F are artifacts of camera flash reflectance and are not visible by eye. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4399 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alan W. Meerow, Lou Jost, Nora Oleas Meerow A, Jost L, Oleas N (2015) Two new species of endemic Ecuadorean Amaryllidaceae (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Eucharideae) PhytoKeys (48): 1–9 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41391.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41391.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4399.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.48.4399.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Species closely related to the new taxa described in this paper. A Stenomesson miniatum (Meerow 1148, FTG) B Stenomesson campanulatum (Meerow 2445 (NA) C Eucharis moorei (Meerow & Meerow 1141, FLAS). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4399 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alan W. Meerow, Lou Jost, Nora Oleas Meerow A, Jost L, Oleas N (2015) Two new species of endemic Ecuadorean Amaryllidaceae (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Eucharideae) PhytoKeys (48): 1–9 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41392.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41392.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4399.sp_2_description phytokeys.48.4399.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nGeophytic, evergreen perennial from tunicate bulbs, tunics reddish brown, thin; immature bulb ca. 3 cm × 2.5 cm. Leaves (Fig. 3A–C) 2–5 per bulb, glabrous, tapering at base to a 19–18 cm long pseudopetiole that is 6–8 mm thick; lamina elliptical, ca. 28 cm × 9 cm, dark green adaxially and shallowly plicate, light green abaxially, acute at apex. Inflorescence scapose, scape 8–16 flowered, ca. 40 cm tall, 4 mm diam, terete, glaucous, solid, terminated by 2 greenish-white, eventually marcescent ovate-lanceolate bracts enclosing the buds in the early stages of elongation, ca. 3 cm long, ca. 5 mm wide at base, acute at apex. Flowers (Fig. 3D–G) slightly declinate, white, mildly fragrant, 4.5–5.0 cm long; pedicels 2–6 cm long, the last flowers to reach anthesis with the longest, with a narrow bracteole subtending each. Perianth (Fig. 3D, E) actinomorphic, funnelform-campanulate, consisting of six tepals in two whorls, fused below the throat into a slightly curved tube that is 15–2.0–2.2 cm long 2.7–3 mm diam, white for its entire length, cylindrical in the proximal 1.3–1.5 cm, then funnel-form distally, dilating to 0.85–10.0 mm at throat, limb spreading ca. 60° from the throat, 5–6 cm wide; outer tepals 28–36 mm × 15 mm, acute, with a white, ca. 3 mm long papillose apiculum; inner tepals 27–35 × 17–19 mm, minutely apiculate. Stamens joined at base into a 2.5–3.0 × 1.5–2.0 cm staminal corona deeply divided into six pairs of lanceolate, free, tooth-like processes, such that only the lower 2.6–3.0 mm of the corona is connate, stained yellowish-green along the filamental traces, most prominently on the inside surface; each tooth 7.5–8 mm long, acute at the apex and slightly recurved above the middle, with the six free filaments inserted between the teeth of each pair; free filaments narrowly subulate, slightly incurved towards center of the corona, 3–4 mm long, anthers oblong, 3–4 × < 1 mm, white, dorsifixed, introrse; pollen white. Style 2.3–2.6 cm long, not exserted past stamens, white; stigma tri-lobed, papillate, ca. 2 mm wide. Ovary ellipsoid, 4–5 mm long, ca. 3.2 mm wide, ovules 16–20 per locule, superposed, axile in placentation. Ripe fruit green, seed globose, bluish-black. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4399 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alan W. Meerow, Lou Jost, Nora Oleas Meerow A, Jost L, Oleas N (2015) Two new species of endemic Ecuadorean Amaryllidaceae (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Eucharideae) PhytoKeys (48): 1–9 4066305baca1ff05deaf221dce197b8b; f955f2148b7be486f1d6bf8815e13c32; ea5182aca147aeab6bc08c2faba1f4be phytokeys.48.4399.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.48.4399.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Eucharis ruthiana. A Plant in cultivation B–C Leaves B Adaxial view C Abaxial view D–H Flowers D Upper portion of inflorescence showing flower habit E Flower cut and spread to show staminal corona F Dorsal-ventral view of limb showing the spread of the androecium G Lateral view H Lateral view with three tepals removed to show androecium I Ovary dissected to show numerous, superposed, globose ovules J Distribution of Eucharis ruthiana in Ecuador (black stars). Map courtesy of www.freeworldmaps.net. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4399 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alan W. Meerow, Lou Jost, Nora Oleas Meerow A, Jost L, Oleas N (2015) Two new species of endemic Ecuadorean Amaryllidaceae (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Eucharideae) PhytoKeys (48): 1–9 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41393.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41393.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1_description phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennial herb with a woody rootstock. Stem erect, striate, densely tomentose, 13–20 cm tall, 1.3–2 mm in diameter at base, simple, upper parts of stems leafless. Leaves concoloured, green, densely tomentose; basal leaves usually undivided and elliptic to lanceolate, 3–7 × 0.6–1.2 cm (including petiole), rarely lyrate with 2–3 pairs of lateral segments; cauline and upper cauline leaves undivided and lanceolate, partly decreasing in size towards capitula, 1–2.5 × 0.2–0.9 cm. Capitula solitary, 18–28 × 11–15 mm (including flowers). Involucre 11–16 × 11–14 mm, bowl-shaped. Phyllaries nearly imbricate, glabrous; appendages conspicuous, large, concealing most of the basal part of phyllaries, scarious, pale-brownish, with distinct cilia, cilia 1–2 mm long, 8–10 cilia on each side. Corolla pink-violet. Marginal florets slightly longer than central florets, radiant, 12–13 mm long, without staminode, with 5 narrowly linear-lanceolate lobes 3–4 mm long; central flowers radiant, 10–11 mm long, without staminode, with 5 lobes 2–3 mm long. Achenes 4–5 mm, straw-colored to brownish, smooth, glabrous; pappus 5–6 mm, inner row of scales 1–2 mm, scabrous. Flowers in June-July and fruits in July–August. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5023 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bekir Dogan, Lütfi Behçet, Ahmet Duran, Davut Avlamaz Dogan B, Behçet L, Duran A, Avlamaz D (2015) Psephellus vanensis (Asteraceae), a new species from east Turkey PhytoKeys (48): 11–19 d7f294e5af212d97fc530ca9aebadcae; 8d4657e1243c413016ecdbaa6114db10; 651f5c091cbb7579b13ee31b63b5c3f3; b45dff4b6555824e46641c078b0d9c1b phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Holotype of Psephellus vanensis A.Duran, Behçet & B.Doğan. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5023 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bekir Dogan, Lütfi Behçet, Ahmet Duran, Davut Avlamaz Dogan B, Behçet L, Duran A, Avlamaz D (2015) Psephellus vanensis (Asteraceae), a new species from east Turkey PhytoKeys (48): 11–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41394.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41394.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Phyllaries of Psephellus vanensis. A, B Outer phyllaries C Median phyllaries D, E Inner phyllaries. Scale bar: 6000 µm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5023 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bekir Dogan, Lütfi Behçet, Ahmet Duran, Davut Avlamaz Dogan B, Behçet L, Duran A, Avlamaz D (2015) Psephellus vanensis (Asteraceae), a new species from east Turkey PhytoKeys (48): 11–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41395.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41395.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Psephellus vanensis. A Habit B Capitulum at anthesis. Psephellus pyrrhoblepharus. C Habit D Capitulum at anthesis. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5023 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bekir Dogan, Lütfi Behçet, Ahmet Duran, Davut Avlamaz Dogan B, Behçet L, Duran A, Avlamaz D (2015) Psephellus vanensis (Asteraceae), a new species from east Turkey PhytoKeys (48): 11–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41396.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41396.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.48.8870.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Distribution maps of Psephellus vanensis (■), Psephellus pyrrhoblepharus (●) and Psephellus bornmuelleri (▲) in Turkey. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5023 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Bekir Dogan, Lütfi Behçet, Ahmet Duran, Davut Avlamaz Dogan B, Behçet L, Duran A, Avlamaz D (2015) Psephellus vanensis (Asteraceae), a new species from east Turkey PhytoKeys (48): 11–19 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41397.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41397.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4446.sp_1_description phytokeys.48.4446.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSuffruticose, several-stemmed, subpruinose herbs. Stems erect, fragile, 20–35 cm tall, branching from upper nodes, 6–10-nodes, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves subcanaliculate, thick, glabrous or puberulent, margins scabrous, ciliate and scarious at base, apex acuminate; sterile shoot leaves subulate, equal or longer than cauline leaves; cauline leaves subulate to linear-filiform, 11–22 × 0.6–1.2 mm, appressed to stem, obviously shorter than internodes, rigid, 3-veined, sheaths equal or slightly longer than wide; upper similar but smaller. Flowers solitary or few in racemes; branches angled at 5–15°, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, up to 3 cm long; pedicels 5–15 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, greenish. Epicalyx scales (4-)6–8(-12), cartilaginous, greenish or straw-coloured, glabrous or puberulent, appressed to calyx, apex acute to acuminate except arista; outer linear-lanceolate, veinless below, indistinctly 5–9-veined above, 1/5–2/5 as long as calyx, 4–8 × 0.8–1.2 mm, with narrowly scarious (c. 0.2 mm) margins, arista 1/2–2/3 as long as scale; inner oblong-oblanceolate, veinless below, indistinctly 7–9-veined above, 2/5–1/2 as long as calyx, 6–9 × 2.5–3.5 mm, with scarious (0.2–0.4 mm) margins, arista 1/10–1/7 as long as scale. Calyx cylindric-lanceolate, 16–22 × 3–4.5 mm, distinctly 36–40-veined above, glabrous or puberulent, pale green or sometimes purplish; teeth triangular-lanceolate, 4–5.5 × 1.2–2 mm, 7-veined, with ciliate and scarious margins, apex acute to acuminate, sometimes short mucronate. Petals 20–23 mm long; limb broadly cuneate, 7–8 × 6–7 mm, c. 1/3 as long as petal, completely exserted from calyx, usually spotted, barbulate, pink, yellowish-green beneath, 7–11-toothed to apex, teeth triangular, up to 1/6 as long as limb; claw 12–15 × 1.5 mm, collar almost as wide as claw. Capsule equal in length to calyx. Seeds elliptical, 2–3 × 1.4–2 mm, blackish. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4446 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ergin Hamzaoğlu, Murat Koç, Ahmet Aksoy Hamzaoğlu E, Koç M, Aksoy A (2015) Dianthus aticii, a new species from Turkey (Caryophyllaceae) PhytoKeys (48): 21–28 da2fbfa1a9723a49711cada2f7f0c638; e3fb100adf392528b2dc86929890fc86; 38263af1a8680681f54fcd3edbea1da9 phytokeys.48.4446.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.48.4446.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Photographs of plant habit and flowers of Dianthus aticii and Dianthus zonatus. Dianthus aticii – A1 Habit B1 Flower; Dianthus zonatus – A2 Habit B2 Flower. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4446 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ergin Hamzaoğlu, Murat Koç, Ahmet Aksoy Hamzaoğlu E, Koç M, Aksoy A (2015) Dianthus aticii, a new species from Turkey (Caryophyllaceae) PhytoKeys (48): 21–28 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41398.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41398.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4446.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.48.4446.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.SEM photographs of the seed coat. A Dianthus aticii B Dianthus zonatus 1–3 dorsal surface 4–6 ventral surface (scale bars: 1 and 4: 1 mm, 2 and 5: 20 μm, 3 and 6: 10 μm). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4446 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ergin Hamzaoğlu, Murat Koç, Ahmet Aksoy Hamzaoğlu E, Koç M, Aksoy A (2015) Dianthus aticii, a new species from Turkey (Caryophyllaceae) PhytoKeys (48): 21–28 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41399.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41399.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_1_description phytokeys.48.4798.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nProstrate suffrutex 20–50 mm tall, densely to laxly matted, much branched. Stems slender, terete to ribbed, sparsely to moderately strigose with whitish biramous hairs, glabrescent later, reddish-maroon; stoloniferous, often rooting from nodes, arising from a woody rootstock. Leaves alternate, digitately trifoliolate, petiole 2–8 mm long, scattered with pearl bodies at base of leaflets. Stipules 1–2 mm long, up to 0.5 mm wide at base, lanceolate, attenuate, falcate, often recurved at apex, ± membranaceous, gland-tipped, reddish. Stipels absent. Terminal leaflet 1.5–5.5 mm × 1–3 mm, obovate, apex emarginate, truncate or rounded, base cuneate, upper surface glabrous or sparsely appressed strigose, paler than below; lower surface more densely strigose and slightly rugose; margins somewhat thickened, often appearing slightly involute, often reddish; lateral leaflets similar. Racemes (10)20–70 mm long, many times longer than the subtending leaf, including a peduncle of (6)11–55 mm, becoming flattened, appearing soft-tissued on drying; ±3–8 flowered; bracts 0.5–1.5 mm long, lanceolate-subulate, recurved at apex, caducous. Pedicels 0.75–1.5 mm long, becoming recurved in fruit. Flowers 4.5–6.5 mm long. Corolla vivid fuchsia-pink. Calyx 1.5–2.5 mm long, lobes triangular, 0.75–1.4 mm, ± equaling the tube, ± sparsely strigose appressed. Standard 5.5–6.5 mm long, up to 5 mm wide, broadly obovate, tapering to a short claw at the base; blade sharply reflexed upwards for distal half of length; apex rounded to emarginate; dorsal surface glabrous, often with translucent, short stripes. Wings 5–6 mm long, unguiculate, shortly clawed at base, asymmetrically obovate towards apex. Keel petals 5–6.5 mm long, valvately connate distally, lateral spurs to 1 mm long, distal margin curving upwards to base of the keel to an obtuse apex; claws ± 2 mm long, broadening from the base. Stamens 4–5 mm long, alternately long and short, the 9 fused stamens free for ± 1 mm distally; anthers uniform. Ovary densely strigilose laterally, glabrous along upper margin; stigma capitate. Pods (9)11–15 mm long, up to 3.5 mm wide, cylindrical, inflated, shiny, reddish-green becoming reddish-brown, sparsely strigose, explosively dehiscent with the valves twisting. Seeds 4–6, 1.5 × 1.5 mm, ± quadrate, dark green. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4798 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ V. Ralph Clark, Brian D. Schrire, Nigel P. Barker Clark V, Schrire B, Barker N (2015) Two new species of Indigofera L. (Leguminosae) from the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Great Escarpment (Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa) PhytoKeys (48): 29–41 3bb098fa0fda5dbae0e7688ae57d54e2; 9b1e84b3d434a4ac5fdf7ff359ab821d; a15ae91de84e74b42ce12b94acbf454b phytokeys.48.4798.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Analytical drawings of Indigofera magnifica Schrire & V.R. Clark, all drawn from the type collection (Clark VR & Moholwa TT 206) A growth habit B stoloniferous habit C trifoliolate leaf with stipules D terminal leaflet, underside E flower, front view F bud, side view G calyx H standard petal I wing petal J keel K staminal sheath L pistil M infructescence N pod O dehiscent pod P seed. Drawings by M. Tebbs. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4798 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ V. Ralph Clark, Brian D. Schrire, Nigel P. Barker Clark V, Schrire B, Barker N (2015) Two new species of Indigofera L. (Leguminosae) from the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Great Escarpment (Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa) PhytoKeys (48): 29–41 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41400.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41400.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Known distributions of Indigofera magnifica Schrire & V.R. Clark (△) and Indigofera asantasanensis Schrire & V.R. Clark (○). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4798 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ V. Ralph Clark, Brian D. Schrire, Nigel P. Barker Clark V, Schrire B, Barker N (2015) Two new species of Indigofera L. (Leguminosae) from the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Great Escarpment (Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa) PhytoKeys (48): 29–41 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41402.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41402.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Plate 1.Indigofera magnifica Schrire & V.R. Clark, plants in situ on the Koudeveldberge, Sneeuberg (Western Cape Province; Clark VR & Moholwa TT 206) A inflorescence B fruits C typical prostrate growth habit D mountain summit habitat. Photographs by V.R. Clark. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4798 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ V. Ralph Clark, Brian D. Schrire, Nigel P. Barker Clark V, Schrire B, Barker N (2015) Two new species of Indigofera L. (Leguminosae) from the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Great Escarpment (Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa) PhytoKeys (48): 29–41 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41401.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41401.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_2_description phytokeys.48.4798.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nDecumbent to erect suffrutex 100–200 mm tall, much branched, densely leafy. \nStems slender, terete to strongly ribbed, angular, or longitudinally wrinkled, scattered with pearl bodies; moderately to densely strigose with spreading biramous hairs often crisped at the tips; reddish-brown, becoming woody below; a rhizomatous colony, diffusely branching from an indistinct woody rootstock. Leaves alternate, digitately (3)5–7-foliolate, petiole 1.5–5 mm long, deeply channelled above, scattered with pearl bodies at base of leaflets. Stipules 1.5–5 mm long, (0.75)1–1.6 mm wide, triangular to obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; amplexicaule, leaving annular sheath around stems, ± membranaceous. Stipels absent. Terminal leaflet (2.5)4–10 mm × (1)1.5–3 mm, obovate to oblanceolate, apex rounded, apiculate, often complicate; sparsely to moderately spreading or appressed strigose on both surfaces, hairs often coarser above than below, secondary venation ± prominent below; margins somewhat thickened, often appearing slightly involute; lateral leaflets similar. Racemes 25–120 mm long, many times longer than the subtending leaf, including a peduncle of 15–50 mm, moderately to densely strigose, scattered with pearl bodies; ± 12–35 flowered; bracts 3–4 mm long × ca. 1.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, caducous. Pedicels 0.5–2 mm long, reflexed. Flowers 6–7.5 mm long. Corolla deep pink, darker wine-red in bud. Calyx 2–3 mm long, lobes triangular to lanceolate, 1–2 mm long, ± equaling to twice as long as the tube, ± sparsely to densely strigose. Standard 5.5–6 mm × 5.5–6.5 mm, broadly obovate, tapering to a short claw at the base; blade sharply reflexed upwards for distal half of length; apex round to emarginate, dorsal surface glabrous, often with translucent, short stripes. Wings 5.5–6.5 mm long, unguiculate, shortly clawed at base, asymmetrically obovate towards apex. Keel petals 5–6 mm long, valvately connate distally, lateral spurs to 1 mm long, distal margin curving upwards to base of the keel to an obtuse apex; claws ± 2 mm long, broadening from the base. Stamens 4.5–5.5 mm long, alternately long and short, the 9 fused stamens free for ± 1 mm distally; anthers uniform. Ovary glabrous, stigma capitate. Pods 17–25 mm long, up to 3.5 mm wide, cylindrical, reddish-brown, glabrous, explosively dehiscent with the valves twisting. Seeds 4–5, 3 × 2 mm, subcylindrical, green. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4798 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ V. Ralph Clark, Brian D. Schrire, Nigel P. Barker Clark V, Schrire B, Barker N (2015) Two new species of Indigofera L. (Leguminosae) from the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Great Escarpment (Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa) PhytoKeys (48): 29–41 3bb098fa0fda5dbae0e7688ae57d54e2; 9b1e84b3d434a4ac5fdf7ff359ab821d; a15ae91de84e74b42ce12b94acbf454b phytokeys.48.4798.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Known distributions of Indigofera magnifica Schrire & V.R. Clark (△) and Indigofera asantasanensis Schrire & V.R. Clark (○). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4798 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ V. Ralph Clark, Brian D. Schrire, Nigel P. Barker Clark V, Schrire B, Barker N (2015) Two new species of Indigofera L. (Leguminosae) from the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Great Escarpment (Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa) PhytoKeys (48): 29–41 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41402.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41402.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Analytical drawings of Indigofera asantasanensis Schrire & V.R. Clark, all drawn from the type collection (Clark VR & Moholwa TT 211) A growth habit B digitately foliolate leaf with stipules C growth habit D stipule E calyx F standard petal G wing petal H keel I staminal sheath J pistil K infructescence L dehiscent pod M seed. Drawings by M. Tebbs. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4798 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ V. Ralph Clark, Brian D. Schrire, Nigel P. Barker Clark V, Schrire B, Barker N (2015) Two new species of Indigofera L. (Leguminosae) from the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Great Escarpment (Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa) PhytoKeys (48): 29–41 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41403.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41403.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.48.4798.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Plate 2.Indigofera asantasanensis Schrire & V.R. Clark, plants in situ on the slopes above ‘Suurkloof’, Asante Sana Private Game Reserve, Sneeuberg (Eastern Cape Province; Clark VR & Moholwa TT 211) A inflorescence from the front B inflorescence from the side C infructescence D close up of a single pod E the digitately foliolate leaves F growth habit G Escarpment mountain habitat. Photographs by V.R. Clark. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4798 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ V. Ralph Clark, Brian D. Schrire, Nigel P. Barker Clark V, Schrire B, Barker N (2015) Two new species of Indigofera L. (Leguminosae) from the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Great Escarpment (Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa) PhytoKeys (48): 29–41 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41404.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41404.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.6713.sp_1_description phytokeys.48.6713.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennial herbs. Stem elongate, lignescent, with a thick cover of marcescent leaf sheaths, ca. 1.0−30.0 cm long × 1.0−3.5 cm wide (without the leaf sheath coat), unbranched, pilose, with simple, filamentous trichomes ca. 1.0 cm long. Leaves arranged in rosette at the stem apex, flat to semi-terete, linear, chartaceous, 5.0−10.0 cm long × 0.3−1.5 mm wide, green, pubescent to glabrescent on both surfaces, trichomes ca. 0.1−0.2 mm long, simple, filamentous, cream to ferruginous, apex acute. Spathes appressed to scapes, membranaceous, ca. 0.6−1.0 cm long, lamina glabrescent, oblique opening, margins lacerate, ciliate. Scapes free, ca. 4−150 per plant, ca. 6.0−10.0 cm long, filiform, pilose as the leaves. Capitula 3.0−7.0 mm diam. × 3.0−4.0 mm high. Involucral bracts in 4−6 series, ovate-triangular, ca. 2.0−3.0 mm long × 1.0−2.0 mm wide, straw-coloured, darker on the margins, pilose on abaxial surface, mainly in the upper back, ciliate, tufted at apex, trichomes cream, occasionally yellowish at the apex, glabrous on adaxial surface, apex acute to obtuse. Floral bracts lanceolate, membranaceous, ca. 2 mm long, cream at the base, light-brown at the apex, pilose on abaxial surface, ciliate on the margins, cilia shortening toward the obtuse and tufted apex, filamentous trichomes ca. 7−9 cells long, cream, occasionally the distal trichomes yellowish at the apex, glabrous on adaxial surface, apex obtuse. Flowers 3-merous, ca. 60 per capitulum. Staminate flowers ca. 2.0−2.5 mm long; pedicel ca. 0.3 mm long, densely pilose, with filamentous trichomes ca. 1.5 mm long; sepals free, oblanceolate, membranaceous, ca. 1.5−2.0 mm long, cream to straw-coloured, darker at the obtuse apex, pilose as the floral bracts; corolla tubular, apex with tree acute lobes, soon involute, membranaceous, ca. 1.5−2.0 mm long, hyaline, glabrous; stamens ca. 2 mm long, filaments adnate to corolla on its lower third, anthers cream; pistillodes 3, ca. 0.8 mm long, fimbriate at the apex. Pistillate flowers ca. 2.0−3.0 mm long, pedicel ca. 0.3 mm long, densely pilose, with filamentous trichomes ca. 1.5 mm long; sepals free, oblanceolate, membranaceous, thickening during fruit maturation, hygroscopic, ca. 1.5−2.0 mm long, cream to light-brown, darker at the upper part, pilose as the floral bracts, apex cuspidate; petals free, oblanceolate, membranaceous, ca. 1.5−2.5 mm long, cream to light-brown at the apex, ciliate, tufted at the truncate apex; staminodes 3, scale-like; gynoecium ca. 2.0−3.0 mm long, stigmatic branches ca. 1.5 mm long, bifid, twice longer than the papillose nectariferous branches. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5070 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Livia Echternacht, Marcelo Trovó Echternacht L, Trovó M (2015) Paepalanthus serpens, a new microendemic species of Eriocaulaceae from the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil PhytoKeys (48): 43–49 4692ce6245b45eacbc827677e7ef3650; e5b0fdf402e53f2ce8dbf04ddd3366e0 phytokeys.48.6713.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.48.6713.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Illustration of Paepalanthus serpens Echtern. & Trovó: A Spathe apex B Involucral bract abaxial surface C Floral bract abaxial surface D Staminate flower E Pistillate flower with floral bract F Staminate flower with pedicel and sepals removed, at early anthesis G Gynoecium (Drawn from the holotype by L. Echternacht). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5070 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Livia Echternacht, Marcelo Trovó Echternacht L, Trovó M (2015) Paepalanthus serpens, a new microendemic species of Eriocaulaceae from the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil PhytoKeys (48): 43–49 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41840.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41840.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.6713.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.48.6713.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Paepalanthus serpens Echtern. & Trovó: A Habit B Capitula C Capitulum with yellowish hairs in a dried individual D Habit showing the elongate, thick and creeping stem, with erect apex E Habitat (Photos by L. Echternacht). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5070 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Livia Echternacht, Marcelo Trovó Echternacht L, Trovó M (2015) Paepalanthus serpens, a new microendemic species of Eriocaulaceae from the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil PhytoKeys (48): 43–49 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41841.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41841.jpg 2015 phytokeys.48.8810.sp_3_description phytokeys.48.8810.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or small trees up to 6 meters tall. Stems terete, dark brown, covered with grayish indument of short irregularly-shaped trichomes; internodes 0.5–1.0 cm long. Leaves alternate; petioles mostly 1.0–1.5 cm long; blades subcoriaceous, elliptical to broadly ovate-elliptical, 7–11 cm long, 2.7–4.3(–6.5) cm broad, base usually acute, without decurrence onto petiole, broad-leaved specimen (Keeley 4544) with obtuse to rounded base, margins mostly entire or with few teeth distally, broad-leaved specimen with margins distinctly serrate distally, apex acute, with little or no acumination, adaxial surface essentially glabrous, veinlets variously slightly incised to slightly prominulous, abaxial surface with prominent primary and secondary veins, tertiary veins prominulous and quaternary veinlets obscure to slightly prominulous, secondary veins ca. 8 on each half, mostly spreading at ca. 45°, arching, lower secondary veins more widely spreading in broad-leaved specimen (Keeley 4544), surface covered with dense appressed grayish pubescence, individual trichomes with short stem and stiff spreading stellate arms. Inflorescence terminal on leafy branches, densely pyramidally paniculate with corymbiform branches, mostly 9–12 cm high and wide. Branches grooved, covered with dense whitish tomentum, heads sessile or on short peduncles 1–3 mm long. Heads cylindrical, at anthesis ca. 12 mm long and 4 mm wide, with ca. 35 involucral bracts in ca. 7 series, ca. 4 rows of basal bracts densely imbricated, broadly ovate, ca. 0.5–3.5 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, with scarious lateral margins, persistent and widely spreading with age; inner bracts in ca. 3 series, oblong, 5–7 mm long, 1.5–2.2 mm wide, with narrowly recurved lower margins, with flattened rounded, dark and membranous tips, highly deciduous with age, all but basalmost bracts glabrous on outer surface; receptacle glabrous, flat. Florets 5 in a head; corollas white, funnelform, ca. 8 mm long, basal tube ca. 4 mm long, throat ca. 1.5 mm long, lobes ca. 2.6 mm long, linear-lanceolate; outer surface of upper tube, lower throat and lobes with minute monoseriate trichomes, a few glandular dots at tips of lobes; anther thecae purple, ca. 2.5 mm long, bases with short obtuse sterile margin, apical appendages ca. 0.5 mm long, oblong-ovate; style base broadened, shortly conical. Achenes light brown, ca. 4 mm long, without evident glands or setulae on surface, with longitudinal striae; Pappus white, ca. 5 mm long, inner pappus of ca. 40 capillary bristles, flattened beyond middle and slightly broadened at tips, outer pappus a series of lanceolate squamae 0.5–1.7 mm long. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5092 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Harold Robinson, Sterling C. Keeley Robinson H, Keeley S (2015) A refined concept of the Critoniopsis bogotana species group in Colombia with two new species (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) PhytoKeys (48): 85–95 840629434df7977019e1637eef5023b7; 4f39de561eab62567ce1cb8ceef9af57 phytokeys.48.8810.sp_4_description phytokeys.48.8810.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLarge shrub or small tree. Stem terete, brownish, with appressed pubescence; internodes scarcely deflected, ca. 0.7 cm long. Leaves alternate; petioles 2.0–2.5 cm long; blades narrowly ovate-elliptic, 10–14.5 cm long, 3.5–6.3 cm wide, base obtuse to rounded, ending abruptly at petiole, margins entire, apex scarcely acuminate, with 9 or 10 secondary veins on each half, spreading at ca. 60° at base, somewhat arching, upper surface glabrous, slightly roughened with scarcely prominulous veinlets, abaxial surface with prominent primary and secondary veins, with obvious reticulum of prominulous brownish pubescent tertiary and quaternary veins, areoles filled with minute, pale, thin-walled, flattened trichomes (Fig. 3E). Inflorescence terminal on leafy branches, rounded to somewhat pyramidal, with loosely corymbiform branches; heads clustered on short branchlets and ultimately sessile in clusters of 3 or 4. Heads short-cylindrical, ca. 9 mm long, 3–4 mm wide; involucral bracts ca. 35 in ca. 7 series, basal bracts ca. 16, in 3–4 rows, persistent, weakly spreading in fruit, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 1.5–3.9 mm long, 1.0–1.7 mm wide, with scarious lateral margins, inner bracts mostly fallen in specimen, estimated in 3 series, 4–8 mm long, ca. 1.2 mm wide, oblong to oblanceolate, narrowed to base, with narrowly recurved basal margins, apices darkened, rounded, outer surfaces mostly glabrous; receptacle slightly convex, glabrous. Florets ca. 5 in a head; corolla color not stated, probably white, funnelform, 6.5 mm long basal tube ca. 3.5 mm long, throat ca, 0.7 mm long, lobes ca. 1. 8 mm long, lanceolate, traces of few minute monoseriate hairs seen on outer surfaces of upper tube, throat and lobes; anther thecae ca. 1.3 mm long, bases with acute hyaline edge; apical appendages ca. 0.3 mm long; style not observed. Achene body brownish, 3.5–4.0 mm long, with 3 or 4 angles, mostly glabrous with some small glandular dots near base; pappus white, ca. 5 mm long, with ca. 40 inner capillary bristles not or scarcely broadened at tips, outer series of short narrow squamae ca. 0.5 mm long. \nThe species is known only from the type collection. \nVegetatively the specimen is in excellent condition, and fortunately species of the genus Critoniopsis can usually be distinguished by leaves and number of florets in the head. The present new species might have been placed in either Critoniopsis lindenii Sch.Bip. or Critoniopsis popayanensis (Cuatrec.) H. Rob. on superficial examination, but the former differs obviously by the smoother abaxial surface of the leaves covered with goblet-shaped trichomes. The latter differs by the decurrence of the leaf blade onto the upper petiole. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5092 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Harold Robinson, Sterling C. Keeley Robinson H, Keeley S (2015) A refined concept of the Critoniopsis bogotana species group in Colombia with two new species (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) PhytoKeys (48): 85–95 840629434df7977019e1637eef5023b7; 4f39de561eab62567ce1cb8ceef9af57 phytokeys.48.8810.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.48.8810.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.SEM images of trichomes of Critoniopsis. A, B Critoniopsis bogotana (Cuatrec.) H. Rob., unicellular trichomes showing elongate branch and short spur-like branches near base C, D Critoniopsis tausae H. Rob. & S.C. Keeley, showing unicellular stellate form with short arms, one arm slightly longer than the other four D Two trichomes entangled with each other showing lack of elongate arms E Critoniopsis narinoensis H. Rob. & S.C. Keeley, showing highly ramified and flattened form F Critoniopsis glandulata (Cuatrec.) H. Rob., showing T-shaped trichome with multicellular stalk and transversely mounted cap-cell, also showing part of cap-cell of second trichome, cap-cells with thinner-walled distal surface caved-in as result of drying. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5092 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Harold Robinson, Sterling C. Keeley Robinson H, Keeley S (2015) A refined concept of the Critoniopsis bogotana species group in Colombia with two new species (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) PhytoKeys (48): 85–95 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41997.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_41997.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8768.sp_1_description phytokeys.49.8768.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 25–80 cm tall. Rhizome compact, sometimes long-creeping, 2–5 mm in diam. Leaves basal and cauline, usually trifoliolate or occasionally unifoliolate; leaflets of trifoliolate leaves narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 3–18 × 1.5–7 cm, apex long acuminate, base cordate with lobes rounded or acute, those of the lateral leaflets very unequal; unifoliolate leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 8.7–20 × 6.8–11.5 cm, apex acuminate, base cordate with lobes equal, rounded or rarely acute; leaves leathery when mature, margin spinous-serrate with the spines 1–2 mm long, adaxially deep green, glossy, abaxially glaucous, papillose, with dense or sparse short appressed stout bristle-like hairs and sometimes densely sericeous. Flowering stem usually bearing 2 opposite trifoliolate leaves, less often with 3 whorled trifoliolate leaves or 2 opposite unifoliolate leaves, rarely with 2 opposite leaves with one trifoliolate and the other unifoliolate or 3 whorled unifoliolate leaves. Inflorescence compound with lower peduncles 2–5-flowered, loose few- or many-(10–55)-flowered, glabrous or occasionally glandular hairy; pedicels 1–4 cm. Flowers 3–5 cm in diam., yellow, rose-purple, pale violet, or white. Outer sepals blunt, outer pair ovate-oblong, ca. 3 × 2 mm, inner pair broadly obovate, ca. 4.5 × 4 mm. Inner sepals ovate-elliptic, 8–12 × 3–7 mm, apex acute. Petals much longer than inner sepals, horn-shaped, tapering from the swollen but lamina-less base, curving outwards, 1.5–2.5 cm. Stamens 3–4 mm; anthers yellow or green, ca. 2.5 mm, pollen yellow or green. Capsules ca. 2 cm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5153 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanjun Zhang, Haishan Dang, Shengyu Li, Jianqiang Li, Ying Wang Zhang Y, Dang H, Li S, Li J, Wang Y (2015) Five new synonyms in Epimedium (Berberidaceae) from China PhytoKeys (49): 1–12 82e710d40d14e192c61518c8281355e1; f9da140530fa850302943a31f0bb049e; cfb2fbb30d0ca5e219c20f8c7883bb14; 9afda6fe12bc899255810d48d41a79a8; 080011f67ff84be10359fbd737e3a48d phytokeys.49.8768.sp_2_description phytokeys.49.8768.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 20–65 cm tall. Rhizome compact or elongated. Leaves basal or cauline, trifoliolate; leaflets broadly ovate or narrowly ovate, 4–6 × 2–3 cm, apex acute or acuminate, margin with spines 1–1.5 mm, base cordate with lobes rounded or acute, those of lateral leaflets conspicuously oblique, subleathery, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glaucous, with scattered minute erect hairs. Flowering stem with 2 opposite or alternate leaves. Inflorescence paniculate, 9–40 cm long, 5–35-flowered, glandular; pedicels 1.5–2 cm. Flowers yellow, 4–6 cm in diam. Outer sepals green with base purplish. Inner sepals red, ovate-elliptic or narrowly ovate, 6–7 × 2.5–3 cm, apex acute. Petals pale yellow, much longer than inner sepals, subulate, 1.5–3.5 cm, lamina-less base. Stamens ca. 4 mm; anthers ca. 3 mm, yellow. Capsules ca. 2.5 cm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5153 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanjun Zhang, Haishan Dang, Shengyu Li, Jianqiang Li, Ying Wang Zhang Y, Dang H, Li S, Li J, Wang Y (2015) Five new synonyms in Epimedium (Berberidaceae) from China PhytoKeys (49): 1–12 82e710d40d14e192c61518c8281355e1; f9da140530fa850302943a31f0bb049e; cfb2fbb30d0ca5e219c20f8c7883bb14; 9afda6fe12bc899255810d48d41a79a8; 080011f67ff84be10359fbd737e3a48d phytokeys.49.8768.sp_3_description phytokeys.49.8768.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 12–30 cm tall. Rhizome long-creeping, occasionally clump-forming, 1–2 mm in diam. Leaves basal and cauline, trifoliolate or occasionally unifoliolate; leaflets of trifoliolate leaves narrowly ovate or ovate, 3–10 × 2–5 cm, apex long acuminate, base deeply cordate with usually rounded lobes nearly touching, those of the lateral leaflets very unequal; unifoliolate leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 8–13.7 × 5–11 cm, apex acuminate, base cordate with lobes equal, rounded and rarely acute; leaves leathery, margin spinous-serrate, adaxially deep green, glossy, abaxially glaucous, papillose, and reddish pubescent along veins, especially dense at insertion of petioles and petiolules. Flowering stem with 1 leaf or 2 opposite leaves. Inflorescence racemose, 12–25 cm long, 4–12-flowered, glandular; pedicels 1–2.5 cm. Flowers ca. 4 cm in diam., white, tinged with rose or deep rose. Outer sepals green or purplish, outer pair ovate-oblong, 3–4 × ca. 2 mm, apex obtuse, inner pair broadly ovate, 4–5.5 × 3–4.5 mm, apex obtuse. Inner sepals white or pale rose, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 11–22 × 4–7 mm, apex acuminate. Petals slightly longer than inner sepals, almost white with base rose or deep rose, horn-shaped, up to 2.6 cm, tapering from the swollen but lamina-less base. Stamens ca. 4 mm, anthers ca. 3 mm, yellow or green. Capsules oblong, 1.5–2 cm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5153 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanjun Zhang, Haishan Dang, Shengyu Li, Jianqiang Li, Ying Wang Zhang Y, Dang H, Li S, Li J, Wang Y (2015) Five new synonyms in Epimedium (Berberidaceae) from China PhytoKeys (49): 1–12 82e710d40d14e192c61518c8281355e1; f9da140530fa850302943a31f0bb049e; cfb2fbb30d0ca5e219c20f8c7883bb14; 9afda6fe12bc899255810d48d41a79a8; 080011f67ff84be10359fbd737e3a48d phytokeys.49.8768.sp_4_description phytokeys.49.8768.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 30–50 cm tall. Rhizome compact. Leaves basal or cauline, trifoliolate; leaflets narrowly ovate or lanceolate, 8–10 × 3–4.5 cm, apex long acuminate, margin spinous-serrate with the spines 0.5–1.5 mm, base deeply cordate with lobes acute or rounded, those of lateral leaflets very oblique, leathery, adaxially glabrous or pubescent, abaxially glaucous, glabrous or pubescent. Flowering stem with 2 opposite or rarely alternate leaves. Inflorescence paniculate, 15–20 cm long, 35–70-flowered, glabrous or glandular pubescent; pedicels 1–3 cm. Flowers ca. 2 cm in diam. with spreading inner sepals. Outer sepals purplish with margin white, outer pair ovate-oblong, 3.5–4.5 × 1.2–2.5 mm, apex obtuse, inner pair ovate, 4–5.5 × 2.8–3.5 mm, apex obtuse. Inner sepals white, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 8–14 × 2.5–5.5 mm, apex acuminate. Petals reddish purple, cucullate, much shorter than inner sepals, 3–4 mm, with blunt incurved spur and slight lamina base. Stamens conspicuously prolonged, ca. 8 mm; anthers ca. 2.5 mm; filaments 4.5–5 mm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5153 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanjun Zhang, Haishan Dang, Shengyu Li, Jianqiang Li, Ying Wang Zhang Y, Dang H, Li S, Li J, Wang Y (2015) Five new synonyms in Epimedium (Berberidaceae) from China PhytoKeys (49): 1–12 82e710d40d14e192c61518c8281355e1; f9da140530fa850302943a31f0bb049e; cfb2fbb30d0ca5e219c20f8c7883bb14; 9afda6fe12bc899255810d48d41a79a8; 080011f67ff84be10359fbd737e3a48d phytokeys.49.8768.sp_5_description phytokeys.49.8768.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 40–80 cm tall. Rhizome compact. Leaves basal and cauline, trifoliolate; leaflets lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 13–18 × 2.5–4 cm, apex long acuminate, margin spinous-serrate, base shallowly cordate, terminal leaflet with subequal rounded lobes, lateral leaflets much oblique, inner lobes small, rounded or almost truncate, outer lobes larger, triangle, acuminate or acute, leathery, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely strigose, densely pubescent, lanose, or glabrous. Flowering stem with 2 opposite or rarely 3 alternate leaves. Inflorescence paniculate, 30–40 cm long, many (up to 200) flowered, glabrous. Flowers small, 6–10 mm in diam. Outer sepals purplish, small, soon falling. Inner sepals white, ovate, 3–4 × 1.5–2.2 mm, apex acute. Petals yellow, calceiform, 2.2–3.2 mm. Stamens ca. 4 mm; anthers ca. 2.5 mm; filaments ca. 1.5 mm. Capsules ca. 1 cm. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5153 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanjun Zhang, Haishan Dang, Shengyu Li, Jianqiang Li, Ying Wang Zhang Y, Dang H, Li S, Li J, Wang Y (2015) Five new synonyms in Epimedium (Berberidaceae) from China PhytoKeys (49): 1–12 82e710d40d14e192c61518c8281355e1; f9da140530fa850302943a31f0bb049e; cfb2fbb30d0ca5e219c20f8c7883bb14; 9afda6fe12bc899255810d48d41a79a8; 080011f67ff84be10359fbd737e3a48d phytokeys.49.8383.sp_1_description phytokeys.49.8383.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTerrestrial or epiphyte shrubs, more or less erect or with arching branches, 1.5 m tall; stems brown-black, ridged or subterete, with soft and small grooves twisting near nodes, glabrous, pith drying dark purple, most terminal branches usually hollow, and, at least in one occasion, inhabited by ants; twigs with a few deep ridges running lengthwise and often twisting near nodes, glabrous. Axillary buds compressed; prophylls 2, inconspicuous, valvate, ovate, 1.5–2 mm long, margin ciliolate, the hairs unicellular and eglandular (all indumentum composed of this type of hairs except when indicated), apex acute, glabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole subterete, thick and basally pulvinate, 1–2.8 cm long, glabrous; lamina subcoriaceous to chartaceous, elliptic to oblong, sometimes slightly asymmetrical (more evident in large leaves), (19–)23–45 × (5–)8.7–22 cm, base cuneate to sometimes nearly truncate, margin entire and eciliate except for the very young leaves with a handful of caducous apical hairs, apex (long or short) acuminate, glabrate with caducous hairs on both sides, adaxial hairs inconspicuous (< 0.5 mm long), abaxial hairs often affixed atop of what seem to be minute laminar glands; laminar glands only evident abaxially, drying black, sparse, small, and round; venation pinnate, with up to 5 visible orders in dry specimens, 8–11 secondaries per side, these alternate (rarely subopposite), evenly dispersed along the lamina, ascending, brochidodromous, intersecondaries present toward midsection, midrib and secondaries adaxially impressed and abaxially raised, tertiaries well marked (in mature leaves), parallel among themselves and inserted at ca. 80–90° with respect to midrib. Inflorescence an axillary, solitary, 5–11-flowered raceme, often cauliflorous; inflorescence bracts caducous, chartaceous, ovate, 1.2–1.8 × 1.7–3 mm, margin entire and eciliate, apex obtuse, glabrous on both sides, venation obscure; rachis pink or magenta (fuchsia), 9–16 mm long, glabrous; floral bract 1, persistent, chartaceous, white, ovate, 1–3 × 1.5–2.5 mm, margin entire and eciliate, apex obtuse to acute, glabrous on both sides, venation obscure; pedicel pink or magenta (fuchsia), articulated with calyx, 9–23 mm long, glabrous; bracteoles 2, persistent, medially to distally inserted, opposite, chartaceous, white, ovate, 1.3–1.6 × 1–1.2 mm, margin entire and eciliate and with one or two pairs of stout masses of fimbria, apparently glandular in nature, easily breakable, apex acute, glabrous on both sides, venation obscure. Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic, diplostemonous. Calyx pink or magenta, the lobes whitish with black marginal glands, cupuliform and sometimes slightly flaring out apically (urceolate in vivo), 6–8.5 mm long, glabrous; tube cupuliform, terete, ca. 3.5 mm long; limb spreading when dry (erect in vivo), 3–4 mm long; lobes ovate, 1–1.8 × 2–3.5 mm long, glandular margin on each side of the lobe (excluding the apex) sometimes breaking into stout segments of fusing glandular fimbria (sensu Luteyn 1983), margin eciliate, apex acute; sinuses obtuse (U-shaped); aestivation unknown. Corolla white (in bud basally pink and distally white), fleshy, not bistratose, conic, terete, 17–22 mm long, ca. 4.5 mm diam., ca. 2.5 mm wide at throat, glabrous within and without; lobes ovate, 1.2–1.3 × 1.4–1.5 mm, apex acute; aestivation valvate. Stamens 10, equal (though one cycle very slightly shorter than the other by < 0.5 mm), 7–9 mm long, included, not adherent to corolla; filaments connate in basal 0.3–1.5 mm, 3–4.7 mm long, glabrous, marginally glabrous or glabrate, the hairs inconspicuous, ca. 0.1 mm long; anthers 7–8 mm long, connective spurless; thecae 4.5–5 mm long, prognathous, without basal appendage, papillate; tubules 2, free, straight, basally similar in width to thecae, 2.2–3 mm long, smooth, dehiscing by introrse slits almost as long as the tubules, 2.2–2.7 mm long. Ovary 5-locular; nectary not pulvinate, top of ovary flat or concave; style 17–20 mm long, included; stigma punctiform. Berry ca. 12 mm diam., turning green with age, the lobes yellowish and converging. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 b44b6737f6941640f5e3c432273316ad phytokeys.49.8383.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Illustration of Psammisia pinnata. A Branches with leaves and inflorescences; general aspect of the plant B Close-up of leaves with detail of hairs C Branch with inflorescences and flowers at and post anthesis D Immature inflorescence with floral buds E Immature flower with pedicel F Calyx post-anthesis G Stamens in lateral, abaxial, adaxial and views. [Drawn from the type and P. Pedraza-Peñalosa et al. 2015.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42590.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42590.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Psammisia pinnata. A Branches with leaves and inflorescences B Adaxial detail of leaf venation C Immature fruit attached to inflorescence axis D Floral buds, lateral view. [Photos by P. Pedraza-Peñalosa (A–C) and Nelson R. Salinas (D).] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42591.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42591.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Psammisia pinnata. A Immature inflorescences and abaxial side of leaf B Immature flowers. [Photos by P. Pedraza-Peñalosa (A) and Nelson R. Salinas (B).] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42592.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42592.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_2_description phytokeys.49.8383.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTerrestrial shrubs with arching branches, < 1 m tall; stems and twigs somehow flatten, caniculated lengthwise, apparently glabrous, the hairs inconspicuous (< 0.1 mm long), unicellular and eglandular (= minute hair type), bark brown and smooth. Axillary buds not observed. Leaves alternate, originated very close together, pseudoverticillate with clusters of 3–5 leaves separated by leafless sections several centimeters long; petiole caniculate, basally pulvinate, 4–12 mm long, glabrate, minute type of hair; lamina chartaceous, bullate in vivo, obovate, (17.5–)20.5–24 × (6.5–)12–14.2 cm (at least 24 cm long, apices incomplete), base attenuate and decurrent, margin entire and eciliate, apex missing in herbarium specimens but probably acuminate, glabrate on both sides, adaxially with caducous minute hairs, abaxially the hairs of arachnoid type, ca. 1 mm long, very thin, multicellular and eglandular; laminar glands absent; venation pinnate, with up to 4 orders visible adaxially in dry specimens, midrib adaxially impressed and abaxially raised, at least 9–11 secondaries per side, these alternate or subopposite, evenly dispersed along the lamina, ascending, adaxially flat and abaxially raised, brochidodromous, intersecondaries frequent. Inflorescence an axillary, solitary, 6–8-flowered raceme; inflorescence bracts, floral bract, and bracteoles alike, persistent, chartaceous, cream-reddish-colored, ovate, 1.6–1.8 × 1.5–2 mm, margin entire and inconspicuously ciliolate, the hairs of the minute type but a few are multicellular, apex obtuse or acute, glabrous on both sides, venation obscure, the bracteoles are different in having apex acute and more abundant marginal multicellular hairs that are fused in masses of fimbria toward the base; peduncle 4 mm long, rachis 5–10 mm long, both red-brown, glabrate, the hairs of the arachnoid type, also covered with minute, whitish warts in vivo (inconspicuous when dried, though imparting rough look); pedicel red-brown, articulate with calyx, 12–14 mm long (17 mm in vivo), with the same indumentum and warts of the rachis; bracteoles 2, basal, supopposite to alternate. Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic, diplostemonous. Calyx red-brown, ellipsoid, 5-angled, the angles sharp and opposite to the sinuses, 8–9.2 mm long (10.5–11 mm in vivo), sparsely tomentulose with a combination of arachnoid and minute hair types, specially warty distally; tube ellipsoid, 6–7.4 mm long (8.5–9 mm in vivo); limb erect, 1.8–2 mm long; lobes deltate, 1 × 3.2 mm long, (1.5–1.7 × 4 mm in vivo), margin scariose (except at apex) and sometimes broken up in segments or with a few multicellular and eglandular hairs, apex acute; sinuses obtuse (U-shaped); aestivation unknown. Corolla dark pink with white throat and lobes, very fleshy, not bistratose, urceolate, 5-angled, 12–14 mm long (19 mm in vivo), 4–5.2 mm diam. (ca. 10 mm in vivo), 2.4–3 mm wide at throat (ca. 5 mm in vivo), puberulous without with a combination of arachnoid and minute hairs, the indumentum more abundant distally, glabrous within; lobes ovate, ca. 1.1 × 1.1 mm (ca. 2 × 2 mm in vivo), apex acute, reflexed at maturity; aestivation valvate. Stamens 10, equal, 8.7–9 mm long, included, not adherent to corolla; filaments free, long-triangular, 2.3–2.5 mm long, marginally glabrate, with minute hairs; anthers 8.3–8.5 mm long, connective spurless; thecae 4.1–4.5 mm long, slightly prognathous, without basal appendage, papillate; tubules 2, free, straight, 4–4.2 mm long, smooth, dehiscing by introrse slits, 2.7–3.5 mm long. Nectary not pulvinate, slightly concave in vivo, glabrous; style 15–17 mm long, included; stigma punctiform. Berry unknown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 b44b6737f6941640f5e3c432273316ad phytokeys.49.8383.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Illustration of Psammisia pseudoverticillata. A Branch with clustered leaves and inflorescence B Floral bud and mature flower C Flower with the corolla removed to show the stamens arranged around the style; details of the calyx lobes (above) and bracteoles (below) D Stamens in lateral, abaxial, adaxial and views. [Drawn from the holotype.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42593.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42593.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.Psammisia pseudoverticillata. A Clustered leaves B Inflorescences, side view. [Photos by P. Pedraza-Peñalosa.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42594.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42594.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.Psammisia pseudoverticillata. A Branch with leaves and inflorescences B Close up of flowers showing the angled calyces. [Photos by P. Pedraza-Peñalosa.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42595.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42595.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_3_description phytokeys.49.8383.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTerrestrial or epiphytic shrubs, more or less erect, 0.5–0.6 m tall; stems vinaceous and shiny, terete to subterete, glabrous, bark smooth; twigs subterete, glabrous. Axillary buds compressed; prophylls 2, inconspicuous, valvate, ovate, 1–1.2 mm long, margin eciliate, apex acute, glabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole caniculate (more so distally), pulvinate almost along entire length, 1.4–2.2 cm long, glabrous; lamina subcoriaceous, very smooth and flexible, elliptic, 19–34.5 × 4.5–12.5 cm, base attenuate and decurrent, margin entire and eciliate, apex acuminate, discolor in vivo with the abaxial side contrastingly light green, when dry the abaxial side is still lighter but with a dark marginal band, adaxially apparently glabrous, the hairs inconspicuous (< 0.5 mm long), unicellular and eglandular (all indumentum composed of this type of hair except when indicated), abaxially puberulous, the hairs with swollen bases that give them the aspect of minute punctuations; laminar glands absent; venation pinnate, with up to 3 visible orders in dry specimens, midrib adaxially raised and abaxially flat, 9–13 secondaries per side, these alternate or subopposite, evenly dispersed along the lamina, ascending, adaxially and abaxially slightly raised, brochidodromous. Inflorescence an axillary, solitary, 3–5-flowered raceme; inflorescence bracts, floral bract, and bracteoles alike, persistent, chartaceous, ovate, 1.2–1.4 × 1–1.5 mm, margin entire and eciliate, apex acute, glabrous on both sides, venation obscure; rachis magenta (fuchsia), 1.8–3 mm long, glabrous, a few inconspicuous warts at base; pedicel magenta (fuchsia), articulate with calyx, 7.5–13 mm long, glabrous although a few, small, glandular hairs at articulation; bracteoles 2, basal, opposite, only differing from other bracts in having an inconspicuous glandular margin. Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic, diplostemonous. Calyx magenta (fuchsia) with the lobes whitish (more so in bud), cupuliform, 7.5–8 mm long (10.5–11 mm in vivo), glabrous; tube cupuliform, terete, 5.5–5.8 mm long (7.8–8.5 mm in vivo); limb erect, 2–2.2 mm long (2–3.2 mm in vivo); lobes deltate, 1.1 × 2.5 mm long (1.2–1.5 × 3.5–4 mm in vivo), with a thin glandular margin (excluding apex and sinuses) that is inconspicuous in dry specimens, margin eciliate, apex blunt acute; sinuses obtuse (U-shaped); aestivation unknown. Corolla fleshy, not bistratose, globose (but wider in the apical half), basal half terete, apical half with 5 deep, wide and blunt ribs that surpass the corolla lobes by 1.5–2 mm and which slightly connivent distally, the ribs opposite to corolla lobes, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide; basic corolla color dull white but magenta between the ribs, from their bases up to the lobes sinuses, and continuing along the very margin of the lobes, the color pattern is such that when observed from the top, the corolla seem to have stripes with a color combination that is reminiscent of a Christmas candy cane, total corolla length 10 mm (7.5 mm long in immature flowers), ca. 8 mm diam. (ca. 11 mm in vivo), ca. 2 mm wide at throat, glabrous within and without; lobes deltate, 1–1.5 × 1.5–1.6 mm, apex acute, slightly reflexed; aestivation valvate. Stamens 10, equal, ca. 5.5 mm long, included, not adherent to corolla; filaments free, triangular, 2–2.2 mm long, adaxially inconspicuously glabrate, abaxially glabrous; adjacent anthers differing moderately in width, ca. 5.2 mm long, the innermost with an incipient bump on each side of the connective; thecae 3.2–3.7 mm long, prognathous, without basal appendage, papillate; tubules 2, free, straight, 1.5–2 mm long, smooth, dehiscing by introrse slits almost as long as the tubules, 1.2–2 mm long. Ovary 5-locular; nectary not pulvinate or evident, top of ovary completely flat; style ca. 7 mm long, included; stigma punctiform. Immature berry green, 8 mm diam.; seeds numerous, isodiametric, black when dry, with mucilaginous coat; embryo apparently white. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 b44b6737f6941640f5e3c432273316ad phytokeys.49.8383.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Illustration of Psammisia sophiae. A Branch with leaves, inflorescences and details of the darker colored leaf margin abaxially B Complete flower with pedicel and bracteoles C Lateral and top views of the corolla D Flower with the corolla removed to show the stamens arranged around the style E Stamens in abaxial, adaxial, and lateral views. [Drawn from the type.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42596.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42596.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.Psammisia sophiae. A Floral buds (top view) showing the distal ribs of the white corollas, which are magenta between the ribs B Top view of the inflorescence showing a flower at anthesis C Side view of the inflorescence showing a flower at anthesis D Branch with leaves, inflorescences and a detail of the pulvinate petioles. [Photos by P. Pedraza-Peñalosa.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42597.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42597.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_4_description phytokeys.49.8383.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nEpiphytic shrub, lianoid; stems brown-grey, terete, glabrous, bark smooth; twigs terete, smooth, glabrous. Axillary buds compressed; prophylls 2, valvate, lanceolate, inconspicuous, 2.5–4.5 mm long, margin eciliate, apex acuminate, abaxially puberulous, the hairs inconspicuous, ca. <0.2 mm long, eglandular and unicellular (all indumentum composed of this type of hairs except when indicated). Leaves alternate but apparently pseudoverticillate, originating in clusters of (2–)5–8 leaves separated by leafless sections 11.5–17.5 cm long; petiole terete, pulvinate, 3–6 mm long, glabrate; lamina coriaceous, elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, (14–)18.7–28 × (3–)5–8 cm, base subcordate, margin entire and eciliate, apex acuminate, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrate (but appearing glabrous), the hairs inconspicuous, (< 0.2 mm long), caducous but with persistent bases that are red and swollen, apparently multicellular and glandular; laminar glands inconspicuous, basal, rounded; venation plinerved (acrodromous), suprabasal, with 3–4 visible orders (consistently well-marked up to 3th order) in dry specimens, prominent lateral veins 2(–3) per side, subopposite or alternate, concentrated in the basal third, ascending, brochidodromous, midvein and secondaries adaxially impressed and abaxially raised. Inflorescence a 4–6-flowered raceme, more than one raceme arising from an axillary pad (pincushion like), often cauliflorous; inflorescence and floral bracts alike, persistent, chartaceous, ovate, 0.5–2.6 × 0.8–1.2 mm, margin entire and ciliolate, the hairs inconspicuous and eglandular, apex acute to acuminate, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrate, venation obscure; rachis orange, 4–8.5 mm long, glabrate, warts abundant and minute; pedicel dark or lightly orange, articulate with calyx, 1.9–2.3 cm long (3 cm when fruiting), basally (1–1.2 mm diam.) less than half the diameter of apex (3–4.5 mm) (in vivo 2 mm basally, 5–7 mm apically), with the apex becoming discoid and almost as wide as the calyx tube, glabrate, minute warts present at very base both in vivo and when dry; bracteoles 2, basal, supopposite to opposite, chartaceous, ovate, 2–2.4 × 0.6–0.8 mm, margin entire and ciliolate, the hairs inconspicuous, caducous and eglandular, apex acuminate, glabrous on both sides, venation obscure. Flowers 5-merous (some calyces 6-merous), actinomorphic, diplostemonous. Calyx dark or light orange, campanulate, with a marked transversal constriction between limb and tube, inconspicuously 5-angled, the angles alternating with lobes, conspicuously ribbed in the tube and with softer ribs in the limb, 4.1–5.8 mm long (6–7.2 mm in vivo), glabrate, the hairs inconspicuous, <0.1 mm long; tube oblate, 2–2.2 mm long (2.5–3 mm in vivo); limb slightly flaring, 2.1–3.6 mm long (3.5–4.7 mm in vivo); lobes deltate, 1–2 × 3.5–4.5 mm long (1.6–2 × 5 mm in vivo), margin entire, eglandular, and eciliate, apex acute; sinuses practically flat (broadly U-shaped in vivo); aestivation valvate. Corolla basal two thirds orange, apical third green, fleshy, not bistratose, obconic, 3.2–4 cm long (3.4–4.4 cm in vivo), 1–1.2 cm diam. (1–1.1 cm in vivo), 3 mm wide at throat (4.7–5.5 mm in vivo), inconspicuously 5-angled, glabrate without, the hairs inconspicuous, <0.1 mm long, glabrous within; lobes ovate, 1.5–2 × 1–2 mm, but sinuses often further tearing toward end of anthesis and the lobes then oblong and 4.8–7 × 1–2 mm, apex acute, not strongly reflexed at maturity; aestivation valvate. Stamens 10, dimorphic, staminal cycles with different anther lengths and dehiscence orientation, included, not adherent to corolla. Long stamens 10–11.2 mm long; filaments connate into a tube, straight, 3.5–4 mm long, glabrous or distally glabrate on the abaxial side, the hairs a handful, inconspicuous, multicellular and apparently eglandular; anthers 9–9.5 mm long, slightly prognathous, narrowing at base and widening at apex, without a clear distinction between tubules and thecae; thecae 6–6.5 mm long, without basal appendage, minutely papillate at least basally; tubules 2, free, turned inwards like bull’s horns, 3 mm long, smooth, dehiscing by latrorse elliptical slits 3 mm long, distal margin ornamented with small and irregular lobes. Short stamens 9–10 mm long, same shape, indumentum and features as long stamens except when indicated; filaments 3.5–4 mm long; anthers 8–8.5 mm long; thecae 5.5 mm long; tubules pointing upwards and without space between them, 2.5–3 mm long, dehiscing by introrse elliptical slits 2.5–3 mm long. Nectary not pulvinate, slightly concave to flat, glabrous; style white, 2.6–3.7 cm long, included; stigma punctiform. Berry cream-colored and ribbed when immature, turning purple at maturity. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 b44b6737f6941640f5e3c432273316ad phytokeys.49.8383.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.Illustration of Satyria orquidiensis. A Branch with clustered leaves B Branch with inflorescences C Flower attached to the rachis with detail of a bracteole D Longitudinal section of a flower E Stamens in abaxial, adaxial, and lateral views, respectively F Fruit. [Drawn from the type, P. Pedraza-Peñalosa et al. 2436 and 2447.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42598.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42598.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.Satyria orquidiensis. A Branch with clustered leaves, adaxial side B Branch with clustered leaves, abaxial side C Cauliflorous inflorescences D Nearly mature (right) and immature fruits (left). [Photos by P. Pedraza-Peñalosa.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42599.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42599.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_4_p_3 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.Satyria orquidiensis. A Flowers at anthesis with detail of a longitudinal section B Close-up of flowers showing the ornamented calyces. [Photos by P. Pedraza-Peñalosa.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42600.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42600.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_5_description phytokeys.49.8383.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nEpiphytic shrub, lianoid; stems brown-grey, terete, glabrous, bark smooth; twigs subterete, smooth, glabrate, the hairs inconspicuous (< 0.1 mm long), unicellular and eglandular (all indumentum composed of this type of hairs except when indicated). Axillary buds compressed; prophylls 2, valvate, lanceolate, conspicuous, 3.6–4.1 mm long, margin eciliate, apex acuminate, glabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole terete, not pulvinate, 6–8 mm long, glabrescent; lamina coriaceous, elliptic, often slightly asymmetric with the apex slanted to one side, 14–18 × 5.8–7.3 cm, base obtuse or cuneate, margin entire and eciliate, apex long acuminate (acumen 1.8–2.8 cm long), adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrate, the hairs inconspicuous, (< 0.1 mm long), multicellular and eglandular; laminar glands absent; venation plinerved (acrodromous), suprabasal, with 3–4 visible orders in dry specimens, prominent lateral veins 2(–3) per side, subopposite, concentrated in the basal third, ascending, brochidodromous, midvein and secondaries adaxially impressed and abaxially raised. Inflorescence a axillary, solitary, raceme with at least 2 flowers, cauliflorus; inflorescence bracts, floral bract, and bracteoles alike, persistent, chartaceous, ovate, 1–1.6 × 0.5–1 mm, margin entire and ciliolate, the hairs inconspicuous, caducous and eglandular, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous on both sides, venation obscure; rachis green, 5–12 mm long, glabrous; pedicel orange, articulate with calyx, 2.6–3 cm long, basally less than half the diameter of apex (in vivo 1.5 mm vs. 4.5 mm, respectively), glabrescent, with inconspicuous warts basally (not evident in vivo); bracteoles 2, basal, supopposite to alternate. Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic, diplostemonous. Calyx light green, oblate (more or less campanulate when dry), 3.8–5.6(–7.7) mm long (6.2–6.5 mm in vivo), 5-winged, the wings alternating with lobes, minutely puberulous; tube oblate, 3–3.2(–5.2) mm long (3.5–4.1 mm in vivo), the base conspicuously lobed, each facet of the calyx demarked by the wings contains two basal lobes that together look like an inverted m; limb more or less erect, 1.6–2(–2.5) mm long (2.4–3.3 mm in vivo); lobes deltate, 0.8–1 × 3–3.5 mm long (0.5–1.2 × 4–6 mm in vivo), margin entire, eglandular, and eciliate, apex obtuse; sinuses obtuse (U-shaped) to almost flat; aestivation unknown. Corolla red-orange with the tube and lobes green-whitish, fleshy, bistratose, obconic and noticeably constricted at the throat which is elongated into a tube (ca. 8 mm long), terete, 2.8–3(–4) cm long, 1.2–1.3 cm diam., 2.7–3 mm wide at throat (4 mm in vivo), inconspicuously puberulous without with a combination of hairs minute (< 0.5 mm long), eglandular and unicellular, along with a few hairs eglandular and multicellular, glabrous within; lobes deltate, 1.1 × 1.2–1.5 mm (lanceolate, 4.3 × 2 mm in vivo), apex acute, not strongly reflexed at maturity; aestivation unknown. Stamens 10 (all measurements in vivo), dimorphic, staminal cycles with different anther lengths and dehiscence orientation, included, not adherent to corolla. Long stamens 9.8–10.8 mm long; filaments connate at base, straight, 3–4 mm long, glabrate, the hairs inconspicuous and eglandular, the marginal ones unicellular, the abaxial ones multicellular, very scarce and distally concentrated, adaxial side glabrous; anthers 8.6–10.1 mm long, narrowing at base and widening at apex, without a clear distinction between tubules and thecae; thecae 5.9–7.1 mm long, without basal appendage, papillate at base, smooth at apex; tubules 2, free, pointing upwards, 2.5–3 mm long, smooth, dehiscing by latrorse elliptical slits 2.2–2.5 mm long, abaxial side and margin ornamented with irregular epidermal projections. Short stamens 8.3–9.5 mm long, same shapes, indumentum and features as long stamens except when indicated; filaments 3–3.5 mm long; anthers 7.5–9.4 mm long; thecae 5.2–6.4 mm long; tubules 2.3–3 mm long, dehiscing by introrse elliptical slits 2.2–2.5 mm long. Nectary pulvinate, not too prominent, glabrous; style 2.8–3.2 cm long, included; stigma discoid. Berry unknown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 b44b6737f6941640f5e3c432273316ad phytokeys.49.8383.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 12.Illustration of Satyria pterocalyx. A Branch with leaves B Branch with flowers C Flower with pedicel D Flower with the corolla removed to show the stamens arranged around the style; detail of the nectary from above and of the stigma E Stamens in abaxial, adaxial, and lateral views. [Drawn from the type.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42601.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42601.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_5_p_2 phytokeys.49.8383.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.Satyria pterocalyx. A Branch with leaves and flowers B Flowers at anthesis. [Photos by P. Pedraza-Peñalosa.] http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5157 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paola Pedraza-Peñalosa Pedraza-Peñalosa P (2015) New blueberry and mortiño relatives (Ericaceae) from northwestern Colombia PhytoKeys (49): 33–58 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42602.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42602.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_1_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or trees 4–12 m tall; bark of main bole unknown. Vegetative and reproductive parts mostly glabrous except as noted. Branchlets laterally compressed, the terminal internode sometimes with a distal sulcus but becoming rounded, smooth, minutely and sparsely short-sericeous but soon glabrous, oil glands faint and moderately common but soon fading; emerging (youngest) internodes sometimes bearing 1–2 pairs of opposite to broadly ovate bracts 1.5–4.0 mm long. Leaves opposite, thinly coriaceous (dried material cracking with only moderate pressure), discolorous, matte above and below, venation brochidodromous. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 3–4 mm long, slightly striate below, flattened above, epunctate. Leaf blades (15–)18.5–25 × (7–)13.5–14 cm, broadly elliptic to broadly obovate, base cordate and somewhat clasping (or rounded), surface and margin flat, apex obtuse to broadly acute, tip acuminate (or rarely retuse), secondary veins more or less straight, 11–15 per side protruding prominently below and arising at 25–55° angles and connected by slightly arching (but also prominent) inner marginal veins, tertiary veins relatively well-spaced but projecting only slightly (dried material); adaxial surface glabrous, oil glands faint (use magnification), sparse to common, more or less flush and darkish (dried), midvein sulcate; abaxial surface glabrous, midvein projecting prominently throughout and punctate (especially proximally) or epunctate, secondary veins projecting prominently, straight or only curving slightly towards margin, the secondaries connected at their ends by moderately arching connecting veins, tertiary veins projecting but less so than secondaries, intramarginal vein of same thickness as tertiaries, 1.5–5 mm from margin at midpoint of blade. Inflorescence (material scant) a monad; flowers cauliflorous, arising from short brachyblasts (< 3 mm long) above nodes on naked branches. Pedicels 8–32 mm long (possibly elongating after fertilization), 0.7–2.0 mm wide, somewhat compressed laterally, longitudinally striate, somewhat flexuous (bending with light touch), habit unknown, moderately glandular (glands faint), anthopodium and metaxyphylls absent. Bracteoles narrowly to broadly ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm, minutely and sparsely hairy dorsally and apically (hairs clear or whitish with some reddish). Hypanthium campanulate, 3.0–3.3 mm long, 3–4 mm wide at base of calyx lobes, densely but very shortly sericeous in proximal half (hairs reddish-brown) but glabrous distally; ovary apex glabrous. Calyx lobes 4 and often tearing irregularly towards hypanthium, up to 3.5 mm long × 4.5 mm broad (at base), irregularly hemispherical, glabrous on both faces apart from occasional minute hairs, evidently reflexed irregularly in anthesis. Petals 4 (material scant), 5.5–19.0 × ca. 10 mm, narrowly to broadly obovate, glabrous, epunctate, rose to violet. Staminal ring 3.5–4.0 mm in diameter (rounded or somewhat squarish), sparsely short hairy (hairs whitish). Stamens ca. 140 (estimated from scars on ring), multiseriate; filaments up to 10 mm long; anthers globular, ca. 0.8 mm long. Fruit 23–35 × 21–50 mm, depressed globular to globose, glabrous, base and apex rounded or apex crowned by calyx lobes, pinkish-reddish. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown in northeast Madagascar in and around the Anjarahabe-Sud and Marojejy protected areas (Figure 7). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.Holotype specimen of Eugenia andapae (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42872.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42872.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia andapae (stars), Eugenia calciscopulorum (cross), Eugenia echinulata (circles), and Eugenia manomboensis (square). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42878.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42878.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_2_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs to 3 m tall; bark of main bole unknown. Vegetative and reproductive parts (where indicated) bearing a moderately dense, shortish indumentum, the individual trichomes dibrachiate or not, appressed to somewhat reflexed (appearing villous), frequently irregularly contorted, whitish or reddish. Branchlets laterally compressed but becoming rounded, smooth, moderately short villous (hairs mostly reflexed and not dibrachiate) becoming glabrous, oil glands common and prominent (after indumentum falls away). Leaves opposite, mostly occurring in 2–4 pairs along seasonal growth of branchlet, thinly coriaceous, venation brochidodromous (invisible to obscure), discolorous, somewhat glossy above but matte below. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 1.7–2.5 mm long, broadly sulcate above, moderately hairy towards base adaxially in sulcus. Leaf blades 0.9–2.0 (–2.7) × 0.6–0.9 cm, narrowly elliptic or elliptic to narrowly obovate, base cuneate, surface flat to slightly and irregularly (but broadly) sinuous on drying, margin flat or drying slightly revolute, apex obtuse; abaxial surface glabrescent, oil glands common (use magnification) and drying brownish and slightly sunken, midvein flush and becoming imperceptible towards apex; abaxial surface sparsely glabrescent, oil glands relatively sparse to moderate and somewhat less prominent than adaxially, secondary veins few and barely perceptible, the secondaries connected at their ends by a slightly arching pseudo-intramarginal vein 0.3–0.8 mm from leaf margin (i.e., lacking an intramarginal vein distinct from pseudo-intramarginal vein). Inflorescence a monad; the base of the flowering branchlets each with (2–)4–6 flowers arising alternately, each flower subtended by a short, hairy and somewhat ovate to broadly triangular caducous bract. Pedicels (5–)10–15(–20) mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, round in transverse section, stiff, ascending, sparsely hairy (especially near base) to nearly glabrous, moderately glandular throughout, anthopodium present or absent. Bracteoles 2, linear, 1.0–1.2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, sparsely hairy. Hypanthium cupulate 2.0–2.5 mm long, 1.4–1.8 mm wide at base of calyx lobes, densely short-hairy, oil glands absent or sparse (and obscured by hairs); ovary apex glabrous. Calyx lobes 4, 1.5–1.9 mm, broadly ovate to rounded, glabrous on both faces apart from sparse apical hairs (white or reddish), strongly reflexed in athesis. Petals 4 (material scant), ca. 2.5 mm × 2 mm, obovate to widely obovate, glabrous on both faces apart from sparse apical hairs (contorted irregularly), oil glands absent. Staminal region (i.e., lacking a well-defined staminal ring) 1.6–1.8 mm diameter in anthesis, sparsely hairy (trichomes simple); stamens 35–45; filaments 1.5–2.5 mm; anther sacs 0.5–0.7 mm long, globose, basifixed, eglandular. Style 2.5–2.8 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy basally; stigma narrow and only slightly capitate. Fruit unknown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown only from near Port Bergé in Mahajanga Province (Figure 4). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.Holotype specimen of Eugenia barriei (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42874.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42874.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia barriei (star), Eugenia delicatissima (squares), Eugenia malcomberi (triangle), Eugenia ranomafana (circles), and Eugenia ravelonarivoi (crosses). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_3_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs 3–4 m; bark of main bole more or less smooth but somewhat flaking, brown to gray. Foliage and reproductive parts glabrous except where noted. Branchlets terete, light brown (dried), smooth, oil glands sparse to moderate (but indistinct). Leaves mostly concentrated near branch tips, coriaceous, slightly discolorus, surfaces matte. Axillary colleters lacking. Petioles 3–4(–5) mm, slightly sulcate above, elgandular. Leaf blades 6–10 × 1.7–3.5 cm, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, base rounded, apex acute to acuminate or a few falcate, margin flat, oil glands not seen (dried material); adaxial midvein broadly but shallowly sulcate, secondary veins indistinct to prominent (with magnification), intramarginal vein 0.5–1.8 mm from edge at midpoint of leaf blade. Inflorescences cauliflorous, arising from amorphous knobby protrusions (short shoots?) at or near nodes; flowers triads, monads, or fascicled (and possibly a few short botryoids); pedicels 1.5–6 mm, flexuous. Bracteoles 2 or absent, ca. 0.5 × 0.5 mm, broadly triangular to broadly rounded, ascending to divergent, stiff. Hypanthium 2.5–4.0 mm, cupuliform, oil glands common but small. Sepals 4, 2–3.0 × 3.5–4 mm, semi-circular to broadly elliptic or oblate, apex broadly rounded to obtuse, lobes very sparsely and minutely ciliate distally, moderately glandular; persistent and crowning (at least) young fruits. Petals 4 (material limited), 5–6 × 3–4 mm, widely elliptic to obovate, glabrous to sparsely and minute ciliate distally, glands sparse to moderate but faint (in dried material). Stamens 50–75, multiseriate; staminal disk short-hairy; ovary apex glabrous but distinctly punctate; filaments 2–5 mm; anthers 0.5–0.8 mm, elliptic, sub-basifixed, connective apex eglandular. Styles 6–7 mm; stigma narrow (scarcely if at all capitate). Fruits ca. 10–15 × 10–15 mm, (material possibly not fully mature) subglobose to globose, base sometimes sharply tapered, glabrous, dark bluish-black (dried). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown only from southeast Madagascar in Toliara Province, ca. 55 km northeast of Taolognaro, in Tsitongambarika (Fig. 2). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.Holotype specimen of Eugenia bemangidiensis (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42876.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42876.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia bemangidiensis (crosses), Eugenia razakamalalae (triangle), Eugenia richardii (squares), Eugenia tiampoka (stars), and Eugenia wilsoniana (circles). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_4_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTrees to 6 m; dbh 13 cm; bark of main bole unknown. Herbage glabrous except as noted. Branchlets rounded; oil glands sparse to common but indistinct; first epidermal layer soon flaking irregularly and drying grayish; later-forming bark smooth, light brown or light gray, frequently cracking horizontally. Leaves coriaceous, mostly concentrated near branch tips; opposite to disjunct opposite, discolorous, surfaces matte. Foliar colleters absent. Petioles 3–4 mm, terete or somewhat sulcate proximally when young, broadening and flattening somewhat distally at base of blade. Leaf blades (1.7–)2.0–4.3 × 1.8–3.0 cm, broadly elliptic (mostly) or a few ovate, base rounded to slightly cuneate, apex obtuse to somewhat acute, margins more or less flat, surface overall broadly sinuous; adaxial midvein sulcate lower 1/3–1/2 becoming flush distally, oil glands common to dense but becoming faint with maturity; abaxial surface oil glands sparse to common but faint at maturity and relatively small, secondary veins relatively indistinct, intramarginal vein 1–2 mm from margin of leaf at midpoint of blade, faint. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, of 1–3 monads per leaf axil. Pedicels 7–15 mm, relatively stiff. Bracteoles 2; ca. 0.5–1.0 mm, ovate, stiff, sparsely short-pubescent distally (trichomes ca. 0.1 mm long). Hypanthium 1.5–2.0 mm, cupuliform to obconic, densely glandular. Calyx lobes 4, 2–3 mm, elliptic to oblong, apex rounded, whitish to pink when fresh, oil glands common and prominently. Petals 4 (material scant), 6–11 × 5–7 mm, elliptic to widely elliptic, sparsely short-ciliate apically, pinkish, oil glands common. Stamens ca. 70–90, multiseriate; filaments 5–8 mm, whitish; anthers 0.6–0.8 mm, globose to elliptic, sub-basifixed, yellowish, the connective bearing a single apical oil gland; staminal disk squarrish, ca. 3 mm across, sparsely short-hairy. Styles 7–9 mm; stigma narrow. Fruits unknown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown only from the type gathering in north-eastern Madagascar in Antsiranana, in the Montagne des Français limestone massif (Figure 7). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.Holotype specimen of Eugenia calciscopulorum (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42877.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42877.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia andapae (stars), Eugenia calciscopulorum (cross), Eugenia echinulata (circles), and Eugenia manomboensis (square). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42878.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42878.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_5_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs to treelets 2–4 m tall; bark of main bole smooth, light brownish or grayish. Plants glabrous or (where noted) sericeous (hairs dibrachiate, reddish). Branchlets laterally compressed, sparsely hairy upon emergence but becoming glabrous, oil glands faint, sparse or occasional and of uniform size, flush or only slightly protruding, smooth, light brown or gray. Leaves evenly distributed along branchlets, thinly coriaceous, venation brochidodromous, strongly discolorous, matte above and below. Axillary colleters if present then soon deciduous. Petioles 4.0–6.5 mm long, slightly to deeply sulcate above, sparsely glabrescent, eglandular. Leaf blades (18–)30–52 mm × (8–)18–25 mm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic (or occasionally broadly elliptic), base cuneate to strongly cuneate, margin flat to slightly revolute (dry), surface slightly irregularly wavy (sometimes including along midvein), apex acute to acuminate, tip obtuse to mostly acute or acuminate or slightly falcate; adaxial surface glabrous, oil glands faint, dense and of uniform size, midvein sulcate but becoming flush distally; abaxial surface glabrous, oil glands faint, sparse to occasional and of different sizes, vein connecting tips of secondaries near margin slightly arching arching only slightly, 0.5–0.9 mm from margin at midpoint of leaf blade. Inflorescence terminal, axillary or ramiflorous, consisting of short brachyblasts with 1–3 pairs of monads, often 2 or more brachyblasts per axil or point of insertion (on naked branches), or monads arising in axils. Pedicels 3–11 mm long, 0.3–0.4 mm thick, stiff to somewhat flexuous, ascending to sometimes reflexed, glabrous or very sparsely short-hairy, lightly striate, round, oil glands sparse and faint, anthopodia and metaxyphylls absent. Bracteoles 0.8–1.3 mm long, less than 0.5 broad (at base), very narrowly triangular to ovate, normally persisting in anthesis, sparsely hairy (or merely ciliate). Hypanthium obconic, (0.8–)1.2–1.3 mm long, 0.9–1.0 mm broad at apex beneath base of calyx lobes, sparsely hairy to glabrous, smooth, oil glands sparse to common and protruding. Calyx lobes 4, 1.3–1.9 mm long, broadly ovate to rounded, sparsely ciliate, sparsely glandular, greenish. Petals 4, 2.8–4.4 × 1.6–1.8 mm, obovate to broadly elliptic, glabrous or sparsely ciliate apically, white, oil glands sparse to common, of uniform size and somewhat protruding below. Staminal disk ca. 1.8 mm in diameter, sparsely hairy. Stamens 15–25; filaments 3–4 mm long; anther sacs ca. 0.5 mm long, globose to subcylindrical, dorsifixed, brown, connective with an apical gland. Style 4–5 mm long, glabrous; stigma narrow. Fruit 0.9–1.4 × 0.8–1.6 cm, subglobose to globose, texture smooth, rounded or tapered at base, glabrous, greenish but drying blackish, calyx lobes reflexed flat against apex. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown from the northern mountains of Madagascar in and around the Manongarivo and Tsaratanana protected areas and in the Sorata region (Fig. 4). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.Holotype specimen of Eugenia delicatissima (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42879.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42879.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_5_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia barriei (star), Eugenia delicatissima (squares), Eugenia malcomberi (triangle), Eugenia ranomafana (circles), and Eugenia ravelonarivoi (crosses). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_6_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or trees 1.5–4 m tall; dbh 4–5 cm; bark of main bole brown, somewhat cracking. Foliage and flowers glabrous except as noted. Branchlets terete to laterally compressed, drying light brown to gray, smooth, oil glands occasional but barely visible. Leaves slightly discolorous, more or less evenly distributed, margins coarsely sinuous, venation brochidodromous, surfaces matte. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 4–6 mm long, slightly suclate, eglandular. Leaf blades (3.0–)3.8–6.5 × (1.0–)1.6–3.5 cm, narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate to elliptic, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate; adaxial midvein sulcate proximally but becoming flush distally, oil glands dense but faint, sometimes protruding slightly on dried material; abaxial surface midvein prominently raised, oil glands common to dense and of uniform size but faint, sometimes slightly protruding (dried material). Inflorescence ramiflorous or axillary. Flowers solitary or clustered into short brachyblasts; brachyblasts 2–5 mm long, densely short-bracteolate, sparsely covered with twisted, whitish-maroon trichomes. Pedicles 5–7.5 mm, glabrous. Flower material scant. Hypanthium ca. 3 mm, coarsely large-pustullate (warty), light green or yellowish-green in bud. Calyx lobes 4 (rose-colored in bud), 3–4 mm, elliptic to broadly ovate or rounded, glabrous, mostly persisting and crowning fruit. Petals not seen; said to be pink (Antilahimena 8858). Stamens not seen; anthers said to be yellow with white filaments (Ahtilahimena 8858). Style not seen. Berry 1.3–1.8 × 1.0–1.5 cm, globose to subglobose, coarsely rugose-warty when fresh but drying echinulate (with with short sharp points), densely glandular when younger, green when immature, drying nearly black. Seeds in mature fruit 1; ca. 10–11 mm, globular, outer seed coat elgandular. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_6_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown from the eastern escarpment of Madagascar in the Toamasina Province around Analamazaotra and Ambatovy and in the highlands at Anjozorobe in Antananarivo Province (Fig. 7). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_6_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.Holotype specimen of Eugenia echinulata (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42880.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42880.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_6_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia andapae (stars), Eugenia calciscopulorum (cross), Eugenia echinulata (circles), and Eugenia manomboensis (square). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42878.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42878.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_7_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs to trees, 3–12 m. Trunk 3–8 cm dbh; outer bark of main bole reddish, papery to flakey and peeling. Foliage and reproductive parts glabrous except where noted. Branchlets terete to laterally compressed, reddish when fresh but drying brownish or grayish, glabrous but prominently glandular, the epidermis smooth but soon peeling (dried specimens) and often thin and narrow grayish strips or even threads. Leaves opposite, medium green (fresh), slightly to strongly discolorous, venation brochidodromous, thinly coriaceous (easily cracking when dried), surfaces matte. Axillary colleters lacking. Petioles 2.8–6 mm, slightly sulcate distally. Leaf blades (5.5–)9–16 × 2.5–6.0 cm, elliptic to occasionally obovate, base cuneate, apex acute to mostly acuminate or caudate, margins flat; adaxial surface glabrous, densely punctate (glands small and best seen with magnification); abaxial surface similar, lateral veins indistinct to prominent; intramarginal vein 1–3.5 mm from margin at midpoint of blade. Inflorescence terminal, axillary, or ramiflorous, of soliltary monads or in fascicles of 2–3 flowers. Pedicels 9–29 mm long × 0.8–1.2 mm thick, stiff, moderately glandular, ascending to erect, green. Bracteoles narrowly ovate to broadly rounded, 0.5–1.3 × 1.0–1.2 mm, stiff but thin, glabrous to minutely and sparsely sericeous on margin, often persistent in fruit. Hypanthium 4–5 mm long, cupuliform, densely glandular (some glands larger proximally). Calyx lobes 4, 6–9 × up to 11 mm, broadly elliptic to rounded, cream-colored (fresh), reflexed in flower, persistent and often crowning the fruit. Petals 4, 11–14 × up to 12 mm, widely elliptic to widely obovate (narrowly greatly at base), sparsely and minute ciliate marginally, densely glandular (glands of variable size but typically large proximally). Stamens 250–300, multiseriate, exserted; staminal disk short-hairy (trichomes slightly ferrugineous); filaments 8–15 mm, white; anthers globose, 0.3–0.5 mm, brownish, bearing a single large apical gland. Ovary apex glabrous but somewhat glandular. Style 8–10 mm; stigma narrow (scarcely if at all swollen). Berries 2.5–4.0 × 3.0–4.0 cm, subglobose to globose, purplish or violet (drying nearly black). Locules 2; placentation axile. Seeds up to 20 mm long and wide (available material possibly not fully mature), up to 6 per fruit, evidently often somewhat flattened, cotyledons and hypocotyl barely if at all differentiated. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_7_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to northeast Madagascar, recorded from the Island of Nosy Mangabe, the Masoala Peninsula, and in and around the Anjaniharibe Reserve (Figure 11). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_7_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.Holotype specimen of Eugenia gandhii (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42881.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42881.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_7_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia gandhii (stars), Eugenia hazonjia (crosses), Eugenia iantarensis (circles), and Eugenia obovatifolia (squares). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42882.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42882.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_8_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or small trees 2–5 m; dbh 5 cm; bark of main bole unknown. Herbage glabrous except as noted. Branchlets strongly laterally compressed on emergence but becoming terete, drying light brown to light gray, sometimes slightly striate, oil glands sparse. Leaves mostly evenly distributed, coriaceous, venation brochidodromous, discolorous, surfaces matte and sometimes slightly undulate. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 1–3 mm, flattened adaxially, sometimes slightly sulcate basally. Leaf blades (2.0–)2.5–4.0 × (1.0–)1.5–3.3 cm, elliptic to broadly elliptic, base cuneate, apex rounded or obtuse to (occasionally) broadly acute, margins usually slightly revolute; adaxial surface oil glands common to dense but faint, midvein flush; abaxial surface midvein flush except proximally, oil glands common to dense (sometimes faint), secondary veins indistinct, intramarginal vein 1–2 mm from edge at midpoint of blade. Inflorescence of terminal or axillary monads, these solitary, paired, or (especially at apex) fasciculate. Pedicels 8–18 mm, ascending, stiff. Bracteoles 2, 1.0–1.5 mm, broadly ovate and cuplike (sometimes keeled), rigid, minutely and sparsely ciliate proximally (use magnification). Hypanthium 2.5–3.0 mm, cupuliform, oil glands dense. Calyx lobes 4, 3–5 mm, broadly rounded, apex obtuse, sparsely short ciliate, prominently glandular, greenish. Petals 4, 8–11 × 6–7 mm, obovate to broadly obovate, glabrous, pink. Stamens >150, multiseriate, staminal disk densely short-hairy; filaments 5–9 mm; anthers 0.6–0.9 mm, ellipsoid, basifixed, connectives with a single (but faint) apical gland. Styles up to 8 mm; stigma narrow and scarcely if at all capitate. Fruits unknown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_8_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown from Antsiranana Province in north-eastern Madagascar approximately 30 km northwest of Vohemar and in the Daraina region (Fig. 11). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_8_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 12.Holotype specimen of Eugenia hazonjia (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42883.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42883.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_8_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia gandhii (stars), Eugenia hazonjia (crosses), Eugenia iantarensis (circles), and Eugenia obovatifolia (squares). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42882.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42882.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_9_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or trees, 3–9 m tall; dbh 6–10 cm; bark of main bole unknown. Vegetative and reproductive parts glabrous or (as noted) moderately to densely sericeous (trichomes dibrachiate and ferrugineous). Branchlets somewhat compressed laterally but becoming terete, becoming irregularly wrinkled in age, oil glands common, prominent and somewhat protruding initially but fading with age, grayish brown. Leaves concentrated mostly at branchlet tips, only 1–2 leaves produced during seasonal growth, the pairs ca. 1–1.5 cm distant; blades coriaceous, venation brochidodromous, surface and margin flat or slightly sinuous, somewhat discolorous, matte above and below. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 6.5–10.5 mm long, rounded above, eglandular, shedding an outer (grayish or light brownish) epidermal layer with age. Leaf blades (9)11.5–22 × (3.4)5–8.7 cm, elliptic (or infrequently narrowly elliptic, narrowly obovate or obovate), base cuneate, apex obtuse; adaxial surface oil gland dense, easily seen with magnification, midvein sulcate but becoming flush apically, secondary veins protruding slightly; abaxial surface sparsely to moderately sericeous (hairs dibrachiate, ferrugineous) but becoming glabrous, oil glands common (notably less dense than adaxial), midvein protruding (and with punctate glands, especially proximally), punctate, striate, secondary veins somewhat protruding (moreso than on adaxial surface), intramarginal vein connecting tips of secondaries arching moderately, 1.5–3.3 mm from margin at laminar midpoint. Inflorescence of terminal, axillary or ramiflorous monads, solitary to paired or occasionally in few-flowered fascicles. Pedicels 8–21 mm long (in fruit), 1.8–3.5 mm wide, round in transverse section, rigidly stiff, ascending, sparsely hairy (use high magnification) or evidently glabrous, eglandular, somewhat striate, the epidermis reddish and eventually cracking in small irregular flakes, anthopodia and metaxyphylls lacking. Bracteoles (only one seen) evidently broadly triangular, ca. 2 mm long. Calyx lobes 4, 5.5–8.8 mm long, broadly rounded, apex obtuse, hairy towards based but otherwise more or less glabrous adaxially, moderately to densely hairy abaxially, bifacially glandular, persisting in fruit and tearing somewhat beneath the based as fruit matures, green to cream-colored or magenta above. Petals violet (Ratolojanahary 88). Staminal disk (in mature fruit) 7–16 mm wide, glabrous. Stamens (estimated from basal scars) 150+. Style (material scant) ca. 9 mm long, glabrous; stigma narrow (scarcely if at all capitate). Ovary 2-locular; placentation axile; ovules up to 5 per locule and radiating from central position. Berries 3.2–4.1 × (1.6)2.4–5.0 cm, irregularly globose and often with 3-numerous irregular lobes (from maturing seeds), densely shortly sericeous, pale green immature becoming grayish-brown when fresh but drying light rusty-brown by virtue of indumentum, outer wall embedded with numerous straight, more or less evenly spaced vertical veins extending between base and apex. Seeds 3–15 per fruit (up to 8 per locule), 17–25 mm long, up to ca. 15 mm thick (shrinking considerably away from seed coat during drying), radiating out from placenta (narrowed towards attachment point); seed coat thickly membranous to somewhat leathery, eglandular, separating easily from embryo, surface drying irregularly bullate, light reddish brown; cotyledons evidently completely fused. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_9_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown from the eastern escarpment of Madagascar in Finarantsoa and Toamasina provinces around and in the Andringitra, Ranomafana and Analamazaotra Special Reserve (Fig. 11). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_9_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.Holotype specimen of Eugenia iantarensis (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42884.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42884.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_9_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia gandhii (stars), Eugenia hazonjia (crosses), Eugenia iantarensis (circles), and Eugenia obovatifolia (squares). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42882.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42882.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_10_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTrees to 6 meters tall; bark of main bole unknown. Indumentum (where noted) of vegetative and reproductive material sericeous (hairs dibrachiate and typically reddish or brownish). Emerging (youngest) branchlets laterally compressed, sparsely hairy, glandular, color uncertain; older branchlets becoming terete, soon glabrous, mostly eglandular, becoming brownish-gray, smooth. Leaves evenly distributed along branchlets (nodes greater than 9 cm apart), coriaceous, venation brochidodromous, strongly discolorous, matte above and below. Axillary colleters present (type A; Snow et al. 2003) on youngest emerging leaves, otherwise absent. Petioles 8–11 mm long, flattened above, sparsely hairy upon emergence but becoming glabrous, glandular (particularly above adjacent to blade). Leaf blades 14.7–22.6 × (9.3–)10.0–)12.5 cm, broadly elliptic (mostly) or ovate, base rounded, margin and blade surface flat, apex and tip acute; abaxial surface sparsely hairy at emergence becoming glabrous, oil glands prominent (becoming less so), midvein broad (1.5–2.0 mm wide) and flush at emergence but becoming slightly sulcate in older leaves at least proximally; abaxial surface glabrous, oil glands sparse to moderate on laminar surface but common on midvein, midvein protruding but becoming flush or nearly so towards apex, secondary and intramarginal veins prominent, the veins connecting secondaries also prominent and broadly arching; intramarginal vein relatively faint, irregularly sinuous and 2–3 mm from midpoint at laminar margin. Inflorescence mostly ramiflorous or axillary, fasciculate clusters and comprised monads and triads to 5–7-flowered cymes. Bracteoles 1.1–1.8 mm × ca. 0.5 mm, ovate, sparsely hairy, glandular, mostly persisting during anthesis. Hypanthium 4.3–4.5 × 4.0–5.3 mm wide below base of calyx lobes, cupulate, sparsely to moderately hairy especially towards base, oil glands common to dense. Calyx lobes 4, 3.5–6.5 mm long, rounded to broadly obovate, apex obtuse, sparsely ciliate, oil glands moderately common and projecting (especially lower surface), consisting of two longer (inner) lobes and two shorter outer lobes (the bases of the outer lobes covering the bases of the inner lobes in bud), evidently whitish in flower. Petals 4 (5 on one flower), 11–17.5 × 6–12 mm, obovate to widely obovate, glabrous, white, oil glands sparse to common and pronounced. Staminal ring ca. 3.5–4.5 mm in diameter, glabrous. Stamens (estimated) 100–150; filaments 5–13 mm long; anther sacs 0.7–0.9 mm long, globose to subcylindrical; connective bearing one faint apical gland or eglandular. Ovary apex glabrous. Style 10–13 mm long, glabrous, eglandular; stigma narrow (barely if at all swollen). Berries not seen, indicated as being green on specimen label. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_10_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown only from the type gathering in Toliara in parcelle I of the Reserve Naturelle Integrale #11 northwest of Taolognaro, in south-western Madagascar. This region is near the southern terminus of the humid forests that occur east of the main escarpment that run latitudinally along much of the length of Madagascar (Fig. 4). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_10_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 14.Holotype specimen of Eugenia malcomberi (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42885.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42885.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_10_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia barriei (star), Eugenia delicatissima (squares), Eugenia malcomberi (triangle), Eugenia ranomafana (circles), and Eugenia ravelonarivoi (crosses). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_11_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTrees to 8 m tall. Foliage glabrous and without evident oil glands except as noted. Branchlets round to somewhat laterally compressed, drying brown to light brown; bark smooth but cracking slightly longitudinally. Leaves stiffly coriaceous, opposite or sometimes three per node, evenly distributed along branchlets, discolorous, somewhat glossy adaxially, matte abaxially. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 25–35 mm, terete or slightly sulcate. Leaves 16–18 × 6.5–10.5 cm, elliptic, base slightly cuneate to mostly rounded, apex obtuse, surface and margin more or less flat; adaxial surface with impressed midvein in lower ½ to 2/3, becoming flush distally; abaxial surface with dense but small oil glands (faint, use high magnification); secondary veins indistinct, arising at 40–50° angle but mostly too faint to count with confidence; intramarginal vein indistinct to barely visible, 1.5–2.5 mm from margin at midpoint of blade. Inflorescence up to 7 cm, structure uncertain but evidently of triads or botryoids, these solitary in leaf axils. Pedicels 4–14 mm, stiff and thick. Flowers mostly unknown. Calyx lobes (from dried fruit) 4, 3–5 mm, broadly rounded (much broader than long in fruit), persistent in fruit. Fruit 25–30 × 25–30 mm, globose. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_11_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown only from the type gathering in south-eastern Madagascar in Fianarantsoa from Réserve Spéciale de Manombo, near the coast (Fig. 7). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_11_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 15.Holotype specimen of Eugenia manomboensis (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42886.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42886.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_11_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia andapae (stars), Eugenia calciscopulorum (cross), Eugenia echinulata (circles), and Eugenia manomboensis (square). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42878.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42878.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_12_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTrees 5–14 m; dbh 14–28 cm; bark of main bole unknown. Indumentum (where indicated) of short, ferrugineous, dibrachiate hairs that become increasingly white or grayish. Branchlets rounded laterally compressed, densely short-hairy becoming glabrescent; light brown to light gray (dried). Leaves concentrated near branch tips, coriaceous, surfaces matte. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 4–8 mm, terete, pubescent when emerging. Leaf blades (3.0–)4.5–6.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, narrowly obovate (or infrequently ovate); base narrowly cunate; apex obtuse or somewhat acute; margins flat but drying somewhat revolute; adaxial surface glabrous or moderately hairy (especially proximally), oil glands dense (but small; use magnification) on emergence but becoming less visible, midvein slightly sulcate to flush; abaxial surface moderately hairy, oil glands dense but faint; secondary veins 8–15, alternating along midvein, faint; intramarginal vein not visibile. Inflorescences ramiflorous, less than 1.5 cm long, solitary or more commonly fasciculate, of monads, triads, or short botryoids. Pedicels 1–5 mm, stiff, ascending, sparsely hairy to glabrous. Bracteoles 2, ovate, 0.5-1.0 × < 0.5 mm, rigid, sparsely hairy on margins. Hypanthium 2–3 mm, cuplate to obconic, glabrous to densely ferrugineous-hairy, densely glandular (glands relatively large). Calyx lobes 4, 1.5–2 mm, two each relatively large and small, broadly rounded (much broader than long), apex obtuse, sparsely minutely hairy marginally near apex, otherwise glabrous, greenish to cream colored. Petals 5–8 × 5–6 mm, elliptic to ovate, glabrous, whitish to pink or violet, oil glands sparse but easily visible. Stamens ca. 30–50, multiseriate; staminal disk short-hairy, ca. 1.5 mm diameter; filaments 3–5 mm, white; anthers ca. 0.5 mm, globular, basifixed, eglandular, light yellow. Styles 5–7 mm, glabrous; stigma narrow. Berries not seen, but labels indicate pale green (probably immature). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_12_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEast-central Madagascar in Toamasina Province and south-eastern in Toliara Province from Mandena to Sainte Luce (Fig. 11). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_12_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 16.Holotype specimen of Eugenia obovatifolia (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42887.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42887.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_12_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia gandhii (stars), Eugenia hazonjia (crosses), Eugenia iantarensis (circles), and Eugenia obovatifolia (squares). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42882.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42882.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_13_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or trees, 3–8 m tall; dbh 2.8 cm; bark of main bole unknown. Foliage and flowers glabrous except as noted below. Branchlets laterally compressed to terete but sometimes trigonal in cross section, and irregularly and broadly and prominently sulcate on one or more sides, flaring distally below nodes but becoming rounded; smooth but sometimes striate, sparsely serciceous (trichomes reddish and dibrachiate) but soon glabrous, epidermis reddish or maroon on emergence but becoming irregularly and finely brown-gray mottled (dried material). Leaves opposite to disjunct opposite or whorled in 3s or 4s, concentrated near branch tips; coriaceous; venation brochidodromous; surfaces concolorous, matte; lateral veins 20–32 on each side, arising at an angle of 65–75˚ from the midrib. Axillary colleters lacking. Petioles 3–7(–12) mm, deeply sulcate adaxially, prominently striate-rugose (especially abaxially), eglandular. Leaf blades (4.4– )6.0–16.0 × (1.9)2.8–3.3 cm, narrowly elliptic, often conduplicate (dried material) in lower ca. 20%, base mostly rounded (sometimes cuneate), apex obtuse but sometimes slightly falcate, margin and surface somewhat sinuous; adaxial midvein deeply sulcate throughout, eglandular; abaxial surface eglandular except on midvein (glands moderately dense and somewhat indistinct); secondary veins consisting of (16–)25–32 pairs, indistinct but slightly raised, diverging at wide angle from midvein; intramarginal vein indistinct, 1.5–2.5 mm from margin of leaf at midpoint of blade. Inflorescence of solitary, paired, or fasciculate and ramiflorous monads. Pedicels (4.5–)8–17 mm, stiff but thin, terete to slightly compressed. Bracteoles 2, 0.5–0.7 × ca. 0.2–0.5 mm, broadly ovate, apex rounded, horizontal to reflexed in fruit, occasionally a few short trichomes. Hypanthium 0.5–1.5 mm long; initially cupuliform but becoming discoid (prominently flattened from above) during and after anthesis, glabrous, oil glands common, cream-colored (fresh). Calyx lobes 4 (but of unequal lengths), the two shorter lobes broader than long, ca. 1.5 × 2.2 mm broad at base, the two longer lobes hemispherical, ca. 2 × 2 mm, glandular, pale green (fresh), persisting or deciduous in fruit, ascending or crowing mature fruit. Petals 4, ca. 4 mm × 3.2 mm, broadly obovate to broadly elliptical, pink, with 9 veins arising from the base. Staminal disk diameter (in fruit) 3.5–5.0 mm; glabrous. Stamens ca. 60–80; filaments (1.5–)4–6 mm, cream-colored; anther sacs ca. 0.5 mm, subglobose to globose, connective apex eglandular; staminal disk glabrous. Style ca. 4–6 mm; stigma narrow. Fruit 11–18 × 8–23 mm, subglobose with irregular lobes (but not costate), base rounded, green (young fresh) but drying dark bluish-black, locules 2, placenta capitate, placentation axile, ovules radiating from center of placenta. Seeds 3–4 per fruit; outer coat leathery, highly contorted, drying to a light yellowish-brown (“fawn”) or dull brownish-yellow (“tawny”, Beentje 2010). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_13_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown from three collections in Ranomafana National Park in Fianarantsoa Province, southeast-central Madagascar (Fig. 4). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_13_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 17.Holotype specimen of Eugenia ranomafana (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42888.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42888.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_13_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia barriei (star), Eugenia delicatissima (squares), Eugenia malcomberi (triangle), Eugenia ranomafana (circles), and Eugenia ravelonarivoi (crosses). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_14_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or trees, 3–12 meters; bark of main bole unknown. Herbage glabrous except as noted. Branchlets laterally comprssed and shallowly 2-grooved on each side when young below petioles, oil glands common but indistinct, epidermis smooth, green drying light brown. Leaves evenly distributed along branchlets, opposite to disjunct opposite, thinly coriaceous to thickly membranous, discolorous, surfaces matte. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 7–10 mm, narrowly and deeply sulcate (especially distally). Leaf blades (5.5–)7.5–14 × 3.3–4.8 cm, mostly elliptic but some broadly elliptic or narrowly oblong, base cuneate, apex obtuse, or acuminate and often falcate, margins flat but slightly undulate (dried); adaxial surface midvein deeply but narrowly sulcate to nearly the apex, secondary veins numerous but faint, oil glands absent; abaxial surface lakcking oil glands, secondary veins faint, slightly raised, diverging at ca. 80°; intramarginal vein 0.5–1.5 mm from margin at midpoint of blade. Inflorescences of moderately dense fascicles of monads arising from short brachyblasts, these evidently ramiflorous or cauliflorous (uncertain given that all are detached on herbarium sheets); pedicels 9–15 mm, rigid, irregularly glandular. Bracteoles 2, ca. 0.5–0.8 mm, triangular to ovate, often obscure. Hypanthium ca. 2–2.5 mm, cupuliform to discoid (somewhat flattened) in anthesis, prominently glandular. Calyx lobes 4, 2.0–5.0 mm, broadly oblong to oblate or rounded, often dimorphic (2 shorter, 2 longer), apex broadly rounded, petaloid, oil glands sparse (and mostly abaxial). Petals 4 (material scant), up to 5 mm; indicated as pinkish on a paratype. Staminal ring more or less square, ca. 4 mm per side, sparsely short hairy (use magnification) and glandular. Stamens (material scant) numerous; anthers ca. 0.5 mm, ellipsoid. Styles 6–11 mm, thin, sparsely glandular (especially proximally); stigma narrow. Berries 24–35 × 30–50 mm (dried), subglobular, greenish (mature or nearly so); seeds 1–3, 16–22 × 25–30 mm, subglobular; embryo globular, hypocotyl and cotyledons not differentiated; testa thinnish, drying light brown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_14_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIn the northern mountains of Madagascar in Antsiranana and Mahajanga provinces (Fig. 4). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_14_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 18.Holotype specimen of Eugenia ravelonarivoi (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42889.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42889.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_14_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia barriei (star), Eugenia delicatissima (squares), Eugenia malcomberi (triangle), Eugenia ranomafana (circles), and Eugenia ravelonarivoi (crosses). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42875.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_15_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTrees to 10 m; dbh up to 13 cm; bark of main bole unknown. Plants glabrous throughout. Branchlets laterally compressed; youngest epidermis drying light brown to light gray but soon peeling and flaking to reveal reddish-brown color (dried); oil glands of epidermis prominent and common. Leaves stiffly coriaceous, mostly concentrated near branch tips, medium green and slightly discolorous, irregularly sinuous, surfaces matte. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 3–5 mm, becoming slightly sulcate distally and broadening towards apex. Leaf blades 3.5–9.0 × 2.5–5.0 cm, broadly elliptic to obovate or broadly obovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse to somewhat acute; adaxial surface with midvein broadly but shallowly sulcate in the lower half, becoming flush distally; oil glands absent; abaxial surface oil glands common to dense but small and faint and fading with maturity (visible only with magnification), secondary veins somewhat indistinct, intramarginal vein indistinct and ca. 0.5–1.0 mm from margin at midpoint of blade. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, monads 1–3 in each axil. Pedicels 15–25 mm, relatively thick (1.2–2.0 mm at maturity), ascending to erect, rigid. Bracteoles 2, 1–2 mm, ovate, stiff, persistent and more or less divergent in fruit. Hypanthium 3.5–5 mm, cupulate, oil glands common to dense. Calyx lobes 4, 5–8 mm, broadly rounded, apex obtuse, densely glandular, persistent and crowning the fruit, stramineous or rufous-beige (fresh). Flowers unknown. Berries 1.5–1.8 × 2.0–2.3 cm, subglobular to globular, densely glandular, slightly verrucose (dried), yellowish (possibly not fully mature). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_15_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown only from the type gathering in Antsiranana Province, north-eastern Madagascar, about 14 km west of the coast in the Masoala Peninsula (Fig. 2). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_15_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 19.Holotype specimen of Eugenia razakamalalae (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42890.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42890.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_15_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia bemangidiensis (crosses), Eugenia razakamalalae (triangle), Eugenia richardii (squares), Eugenia tiampoka (stars), and Eugenia wilsoniana (circles). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_16_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs 2–4 m tall; ca. 4 cm dbh; bark of main bole rough, grayish-brown. Branchlets terete, lightish gray-brown (dried); internodes short, (0.5–)1.5–2.3 cm; epidermis smooth but becoming fissured and flaking on older internodes, indumentum moderately dense of minutely dibrachiate trichomes; oil glands common, and somewhat prominent, and protruding above surface. Leaves mostly evenly distributed along branchlets, coriaceous, slightly discolorous, surfaces matte. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 1–2 mm, slightly sulcate but mostly flush adaxially, glabrous. Leaf blades 2.5–4.5 × 1.6–2.5 cm, elliptic; base rounded to somewhat cuneate; apex broadly obtuse to rounded; margins slightly revolute; adaxial surface glabrous, oil glands dense upon emergence but fading as blade thickens, midvein broadly but slightly sulcate proximally; abaxial surface resembling adaxial, secondary veins indistinct or not visible, intramarginal vein 1.0–1.5 mm from margin at midpoint of blade. Inflorescence a monad arising in terminal leaf axils. Anthopodia (short internode between base of hypanthium and subtending bracteoles) present, 1–2 mm. Pedicels 1.0–1.4 mm, firm but slightly bowed, glabrous. Bracteoles 2, 0.8–1.0 × ca. 1.0 mm, ovate, minutely hairy on margins near apex. Hypanthium 4–5 mm, cupuliform to obconic, glabrous but evidently exuding salt, oil glands common to dense; ovary apex densely short-hairy. Calyx lobes 4, ca. 4 × 4 mm (material limited), oblong, apex obtuse, glabrous, greenish. Petals 9–10 × 6–9 mm, widely elliptic to widely obovate, sparsely short-ciliate on margins, thin (nearly transluscent), pinkish, oil glands sparse to common but prominent. Stamens ca. 70–100, multiseriate; anthers ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 mm, sub-basifixed, connective with a single apical gland. Filaments 3–9 mm, white; ovary apex densely short-hairy. Styles 9–10 mm, glabrous; stigma narrow. Berries unknown. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_16_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nKnown from the north-eastern coastal region of Madagascar in Antsiranana Province, from Orangéa to about 140 km along the coast near Vohemar (Fig. 2). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_16_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia bemangidiensis (crosses), Eugenia razakamalalae (triangle), Eugenia richardii (squares), Eugenia tiampoka (stars), and Eugenia wilsoniana (circles). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_17_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTrees 8–18 m; dbh 12–60 cm; bark of main bole unknown. Indumentum of foliage and floral parts dibrachiate, short and appressed, ferrugineous, denser upon emergence but becoming (often) nearly glabrous (or as indicated below). Branchlets rounded to laterally compressed, greenish fresh but drying light brown to light gray; epidermis thin and peeling away in thin strips or flakes, oil glands absent to sparse and indistinct. Leaves discolorous, margin sometimes strongly revolute and irregularly sinuous, venation reticulate, emerald and somewhat glossy adaxially, citrine and matte abaxially, concentrated near branch tips. Axillary colleters occasionally present. Petioles (2.5–)5–10, narrowly and deeply sulcate adaxially, elgandular. Leaf blades 4.0–6.8 × 2.3–.8 cm, elliptic to obovate, base cuneate, apex obtuse or occasionally retuse; adaxial surface remaining at least sparsely sericeous when fully emerged (trichomes closely appressed), oil glands common to dense but faintly visible, midvein deeply and narrowly suclate proximally becoming flush distally; abaxial surface indumentum as above, oil glands not as dense but much more prominent, secondary veins indistinct to somewhat prominent, intramarginal vein 1.0–1.5 mm from margin at midpoint of leaf blade (but often obscured by revolute margin). Inflorescence 2–5 cm long, mostly axillary or ramiflorous, sometimes terminal, consisting of triads, botryoids, or less commonly metabotryoids or pseudo-umbels of 4–5 flowers apically clustered on peduncle; peduncles mostly solitary but often opposite in leaf axils or on naked branches, mostly ascending and somewhat stiff but also sometimes flexuous. Pedicels 1–2 mm long. Bracteoles absent; bract-like structures surrounding triads of flowers when inflorescence is emerging but these soon deciduous. Hypanthium 1.5–2.5 mm, obconic, densely hairy and densely punctate. Calyx lobes 4, (1.2–)1.5–1.8 mm, broadly rounded, apex obtuse, mostly glabrous above to sparsely sericeous, moderately sericeous dorsally and on margins below, deciduous in fruit, light green when fresh. Petals 4, 4–7 mm, obovate, minutely and sparsely ciliate apically (use magnification) but otherwise glabrous, oil glands sparse to moderate. Stamens 20–45, exserted; staminal disk glabrescent; ovary apex glabrous; filaments 4–7 mm, yellowish-white; anthers 0.4–0.6 mm, globose to subelliptic, basifixed, eglandular; style 4–5 mm, stigma narrow and scarcely if at all capitate. Fruit (material limited), ca. 2.2 × 2.2 cm, globose, glabrate, green when young drying nearly black; outer layer leathery and prominently glandular. Seed 1 at maturity (material scant), round from above but laterally compressed (due to pressing?), ca. 16 × 16 × 9 mm; embryo not differentiated into distinct cotyledons or epicotyl. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_17_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nNorthern Madagascar in Antsiranana Province in the northern mountains (Fig. 2). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_17_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 20.Holotype specimen of Eugenia tiampoka (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42891.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42891.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_17_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia bemangidiensis (crosses), Eugenia razakamalalae (triangle), Eugenia richardii (squares), Eugenia tiampoka (stars), and Eugenia wilsoniana (circles). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_18_description phytokeys.49.9003.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or trees, (1–)2–6 m. Trunk dbh ca. 2 cm (measurements few); bark of main bole fissured, maroon. Indumentum where present of highly asymmetric and short, ferrugineous, dibrachate hairs. Branchlets laterally compressed, smooth, sparsely puberulous, drying light brown to greenish, punctate glands absent. Leaves opposite or disjunct opposite, mostly concentrated near tips of branches; venation reticulate; blades thinly coriaceous, dark green above and lighter green below. Axillary colleters obscure when present. Petioles 3–5 mm, deeply and narrowly sulcate adaxially, laterally compressed, elgandular, glabrescent (especially abaxially), longitudinally striate initially but thickening and becoming somewhat latitudinally striate with age. Leaf blades 4.0–12.5 × 1.4–3.0 cm, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, base rounded and slightly constricted-conduplicate above petiole, apex acute, margins flat; adaxial surface glabrous, eglandular, midvein narrowly but deeply sulcate lower 2/3–4/5; abaxial surface like adaxial except: midvein protruding, sometimes prominently glandular and longitudinally striate, secondary veins faint to prominent, arising only 10–20° from midvein, tertiary veins faint to nearly as prominent as secondaries; intramarginal vein 1.0–1.5 mm from leaf edge at midpoint of blade. Inflorescence terminal, axillary, or arising on naked branch of current year’s growth. Flowers solitary, or occasionally as up to four arising from short brachyblasts; pedicels 6–12 × ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous, strongly laterally compressed (especially distally), longitudinally striate, sparsely to moderately glandular. Bracteoles 2, 0.6–1.1 mm, narrowly ovate to ovate, sparsely hairy abaxially and apically, rigid, somewhat ascending to appressed against base of hypanthium. Hypanthium 2.5–4.0 mm, cupuliform, sparsely hairy becoming glabrous, sparsely to moderately (but only faintly) glandular. Calyx lobes 4, 4–5 × 3–5 mm, oblate to broadly elliptic, apex broadly obtuse to rounded, minutely and sparsely ciliate in upper half, prominently glandular, greenish when fresh. Petals 4, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, widely elliptic to ovate, sparsely short-ciliate upper 1/2–1/3, faintly and somewhat sparsely glandular, whitish or pinkish. Stamens exserted, staminal disk ca. 4 mm diameter, more or less square from above, short-hairy, adjacent ovary apex glabrous; filaments 2–3 mm; anthers 0.8–1.0 mm, elliptic, yellow, sub-basifixed, apical gland between connectives lacking. Styles 7–8 mm, glabrous; stigma narrow and scarcely if at all capitate. Berries (immature?) 12–15 × 12–15 mm, globular, greenish. http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_18_distribution phytokeys.49.9003.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEast-central Madagascar in Toamasina Province, occurring near Analamazaotra National Park (Fig. 2). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 e649b4f8b1c1d81294b12008bcd1e65d; cf4399c957cabcc069c252d6bc5b5eb3; edbc8142a7914494ba97a8bd76d59cf9 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_18_p_1 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 21.Holotype specimen of Eugenia wilsoniana (MO). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42892.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42892.jpg 2015 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_18_p_2 phytokeys.49.9003.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia bemangidiensis (crosses), Eugenia razakamalalae (triangle), Eugenia richardii (squares), Eugenia tiampoka (stars), and Eugenia wilsoniana (circles). http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5203 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Neil Snow, Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson Snow N, Callmander M, Phillipson P (2015) Studies of Malagasy Eugenia – IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns PhytoKeys (49): 59–121 http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg http://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_42873.jpg 2015 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_1_description phytokeys.109.29359.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSporophytes herbaceous, epiphytic, with tufted isodichotomous arching to pendulous shoots and with dichotomous roots emerging from the base of the tuft. Shoots abruptly to gradually heterophyllous; sterile sections leafy, 12–18 mm in diameter and usually 20–50 cm long, evenly branched 1–4 times; fertile sections filiform-funiform, 2–4.5 mm in diameter and up to 300 mm long, branched 0–3 times, usually unbranched at base. Stems fleshy, 2.5–5.5 mm in diameter in basal module without the leaves, pale green or light stramineous brown, and bearing indistinct longitudinal grooves between the rows of leaves. Leaves sessile, supine, decurrent, firm, orthostichous in four strict rows comprised of 2 alternating sub whorls of 2, acutely spreading, ovate to ovate-oval, 6–14.5 mm long × 6–9 mm wide, with a broad rounded base and rounded, obtusely pointed or acutely pointed apex, leaves flat to twisted with entire margins, mid glossy green to light yellow green. Leaves in the basal modules more crowded, ovate with an acute apex and with a narrowed sub-petiolate base, in median modules more widely spaced and diverging, sessile with an almost amplexicaule base, and in the distal modules transitioning in shape to sporophylls. Sporophylls gradually to sharply differentiated from sterile leaves, sessile, supine, orthostichous in two alternating pairs of two, acutely divergent to adpressed, scale like, ovate-rhomboid with a cuneate to rounded amplexicaule base and an acute apex, 1.5–5.2 mm long × 1.5–2.8 mm wide, overlapping. Sporangia borne on the upper surface in the axils of sporangia, reniform, 1–1.2 mm in diameter, mostly covered by the sporophyll. Spores isotetrahedral, 30–40 μm in diameter, with convex lateral margins, smooth proximal surfaces and moderately foveolate distal surface. Gametophytes holomycoheterotrophic, dorsiventral with paraphyses among the gametangia on the upper surface. Vanuatu flat tassel-fern. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29359 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ashley Raymond Field Field A (2018) Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P.nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus PhytoKeys (109): 53–66 d2fb5a87bd549800416b06f22dea3ff3 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.109.29359.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Vanuatu where it occurs as an uncommon epiphyte on the bark of tree trunks and branches in the canopy to subcanopy of mature trees in lowland to montane primary tropical rainforest. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29359 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ashley Raymond Field Field A (2018) Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P.nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus PhytoKeys (109): 53–66 d2fb5a87bd549800416b06f22dea3ff3 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis ARF1140: A habit, leaf arrangement and fertile spikes B close up of sterile leaf arrangement showing subopposite decussate leaf arrangement and ovate-oval leaves C close up of fertile spike showing scale like sporophylls and a sporangium. Scale bar: 10 cm (A); 1 cm (B, C). Illustration by A.R.Field.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29359 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ashley Raymond Field Field A (2018) Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P.nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus PhytoKeys (109): 53–66 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_234053.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_234053.jpg 2018 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Phlegmariurusnummulariifolius ARF0002: A basal region of shoot showing branching pattern and leaf arrangement B medial region of shoot showing adpressed leaf arrangement in facial and lateral view C distal region of shoot showing abrupt transition to sporophylls and filiform fertile spikes. Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis ARF1140 D basal region of shoot showing branching pattern and leaf arrangement E medial region of shoot showing divergent leaf arrangement in facial and lateral view F distal region of shoot showing gradual transition to sporophylls and funiform-filiform fertile spikes. Photos by A.R.Field\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29359 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ashley Raymond Field Field A (2018) Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P.nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus PhytoKeys (109): 53–66 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_234054.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_234054.jpg 2018 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_2_description phytokeys.109.29359.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSporophytes herbaceous, epiphytic, with tufted isodichotomous pendulous shoots and with dichotomous roots emerging from the base of the tuft. Shoots abruptly heterophyllous; sterile sections leafy, 5–12 mm in diameter and usually 20–250 cm long, branched 1–6 times being relatively unbranched basally and more frequently ramified distally; fertile sections filiform, 1–2.2 mm in diameter and up to 400 mm long, multibranched 1–6 times. Stems slender and woody, 1.5–3.5 mm in diameter in basal module without the leaves, light green to dark purplish-brown, and bearing indistinct longitudinal grooves between the rows of leaves. Leaves sessile, supine, decurrent, firm, orthostichous in four strict rows comprised of 2 alternating sub whorls of 2, adpressed and imbricate, ovate-oval, 6–14 mm long × 4–7.5 mm wide, with a rounded base and similar rounded apex, leaves flat with entire margins, dark glossy green to light yellow green. Basal leaves sometimes more scale like and leaves in basal modules sometimes lanceolate-ovate and more widely spaced out on elongated naked stems, leaves in median and distal regions ovate-oval. Sporophylls markedly differentiated from sterile leaves, sessile, supine, orthostichous in two alternating pairs of two, scale like, adpressed throughout, ovate-rhomboid with a cuneate base and acute apex, 2.1–3.5 mm long × 1.4–2.2 mm wide, overlapping or occasionally spaced apart with stem visible between subwhorls of sporophylls. Sporangia borne on the upper surface in the axils of sporangia, reniform, 0.8–1 mm in diameter, mostly covered by the sporophyll. Spores isotetrahedral, 30–40 μm in diameter, with convex lateral margins, smooth proximal surfaces and moderately foveolate distal surface. Gametophytes holomycoheterotrophic, dorsiventral with paraphyses among the gametangia on the upper surface. Flat tassel-fern [Australia], Kied Hoy [Thailand], Pum-borey [Bougainville Island], Yúlín [Singapore]. Figure 2A–C. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29359 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ashley Raymond Field Field A (2018) Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P.nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus PhytoKeys (109): 53–66 d2fb5a87bd549800416b06f22dea3ff3 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.109.29359.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nWidespread in Malesia and western Oceania where it occurs in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands as far east as the Santa Cruz Islands. A canopy and subcanopy epiphyte in lowland to montane tropical rainforest. This species often grows from decaying nests of other epiphytes, rotting logs and tree hollows but also will grow on bark on tree branches, especially where humus has accumulated. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29359 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ashley Raymond Field Field A (2018) Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P.nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus PhytoKeys (109): 53–66 d2fb5a87bd549800416b06f22dea3ff3 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.109.29359.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Phlegmariurusnummulariifolius ARF0002: A basal region of shoot showing branching pattern and leaf arrangement B medial region of shoot showing adpressed leaf arrangement in facial and lateral view C distal region of shoot showing abrupt transition to sporophylls and filiform fertile spikes. Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis ARF1140 D basal region of shoot showing branching pattern and leaf arrangement E medial region of shoot showing divergent leaf arrangement in facial and lateral view F distal region of shoot showing gradual transition to sporophylls and funiform-filiform fertile spikes. Photos by A.R.Field\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29359 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ashley Raymond Field Field A (2018) Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P.nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus PhytoKeys (109): 53–66 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_234054.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_234054.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1_description phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nMonoecious shrub to small tree up to 6 m tall, sparsely branched with usually a main trunk less than 7 cm in d.b.h.; bark brown, with conspicuous scars left by the caducous cataphylls and sometimes petioles of upper leaves subtending the terminal bud. Leaves clustered at the apex of branches on adult plants, branches 4–5 mm in diameter; petioles light green to yellow (greyish to orange in herbarium material), strongly different in colour than the branch, glabrous, (6.5–)9.0–12.0(–15.5) cm long, 1–2 mm in diameter, elliptical in cross section (in vivo), slightly striate (in herbarium material), enlarged (3–4 mm) proximally and distally, the pulvini slightly pruinose (in vivo); blades simple, coriaceous, flat, slightly discolorous, glabrous on both surfaces, unlobed to slightly hastate on juvenile plants (Gâteblé et al. 804), rarely unlobed to strongly trilobed or hastate on adult plants, (10.5–)12.5–15.0(–16.0) cm long, (6.0–)11.5–18.0(–23.5) mm wide, base cordate (rarely truncate), apex of the lobes broadly acute to rounded; generally with 3 strong primary palmate veins, primary and secondary veins prominent abaxially, conspicuously different in colour (yellow-orange in herbarium material and light green to yellowish in vivo) than the blade, reticulum visible abaxially (and adaxially in herb.), secondary veins 2–5 pair; tertiary and quaternary veins finely reticulate with scattered crateriform glands 25–35 µm. Inflorescence a reduced spike-like raceme, axillary within, above or just below the terminal cluster of leaves, up to 3.5 cm long, 2.5–3.5 mm in diameter, axes greenish-yellowish, covered with a dense rust-brown indumentum composed of minute stellate trichomes ca. 90 µm x 90 µm, bracts covered with rust-brown tomentum adaxially. Pedicels minute. Male and female flowers seemingly randomly distributed within the inflorescence, solitary, of the same size. Calyx tubular, 4–5 mm long, 2–2.5 mm in diameter, yellowish and with scattered rust-brown stellate trichomes outside, whitish and glabrous inside, lobes 5, triangular, 1–1.5 mm long, ending in an apical appendage 0.5–1 mm long, interior margins of the lobes and appendages covered with papillose glandular trichomes 35–55 µm long, 15–20 µm in diameter. Male flowers: androecium ca. 4 mm long; androphore tubular, ca. 2 mm long, 0.7–1 mm in diameter, with a few scattered glands; stamens 6–8, ca. 1.7 mm long, inserted at apex of androphore; anther dehiscence longitudinal, extrorse. Female flowers: gynophore ovoid, ca. 1 mm in diameter, with a few scattered glands; staminodes 5–7, composed of sessile, sterile anthers, ca. 1.3 mm long, inserted at the base of the gynophore; ovary ovoid, 1.5–2 mm in diameter, with 3–4 carpels, covered by a dense indumentum of stellate trichomes; style ca. 1 mm long, with scattered stellate trichomes; stigmas 3 or 4 ovoid, 0.4–0.5 mm long. Infructescence 7–12 cm wide, borne on a peduncle 0.5–3 cm long, 2.5–3.5 mm in diameter. Fruit comprising 1–4 follicle(s), each borne on a pedicel 0.5–0.8 cm long, 0.2–0.3 cm in diameter at maturity, green and turning greenish-yellow towards maturity, covered by sparse, erect, stellate trichomes, each follicle ellipsoid to ovoid, 3.5–4.5 cm long, 2.5–3 cm wide, with a woody pericarp ca. 0.2 cm thick in dry material (ca. 0.3 cm in alcohol), apex apiculate. Seeds 4–6 per locule, ellipsoid, white when immature, light brown to black at maturity, 10–12 × 4–6 mm in diameter. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27599 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Gildas Gâteblé, Jérôme Munzinger Gâteblé G, Munzinger J (2018) Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia PhytoKeys (110): 1–8 f1a1fdc5fcec31dbad9c4186e722a148; ce623cd444c3798c3ca8acc662ac1adb phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThe new species is only known from the south-eastern part of the Grande-Terre, at the Petchécara Pass between Thio and Canala (Fig. 1), where it grows on slopes in rainforest on a soil of complex geological origin. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27599 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Gildas Gâteblé, Jérôme Munzinger Gâteblé G, Munzinger J (2018) Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia PhytoKeys (110): 1–8 f1a1fdc5fcec31dbad9c4186e722a148; ce623cd444c3798c3ca8acc662ac1adb phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Acropogonhorarius Gâteblé & Munzinger sp. nov. A flowering branch B inflorescence and a zoom on stellate trichomes of the flower tube C female flower D male flower E infructescence F detail of erect stellate trichomes on the follicle’s surface G detail of an open follicle H close-up of the abaxial leaf reticulum. Drawings by Laurence Ramon (A–H Gâteblé et al. 806).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27599 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Gildas Gâteblé, Jérôme Munzinger Gâteblé G, Munzinger J (2018) Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia PhytoKeys (110): 1–8 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_238262.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_238262.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Acropogonhorarius Gâteblé & Munzinger sp. nov. A overview of a single mature shrub in habitat B juvenile plant C leaf D flowering branch E inflorescence F male flower G female flower H follicles. Photographs by G. Gâteblé (AGâteblé et al. 803BGâteblé et al. 804C–HGâteblé et al. 806).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27599 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Gildas Gâteblé, Jérôme Munzinger Gâteblé G, Munzinger J (2018) Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia PhytoKeys (110): 1–8 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_238263.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_238263.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.110.27599.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Distribution of Acropogonhorarius Gâteblé & Munzinger sp. nov. mapped on the geological (A) and soil (B) GIS layers of the Petchécara Pass. Insert A, geology from Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (2018): Λ1, serpentinites; Δ, amphibolites; B1, undifferentiated poly-metamorphic substrate; βP1, undifferentiated basalts and dolerites; Fyz, recent and extant alluvial; Li, listwanites. Insert B, soils from Fritsch (2012): 3d, haplic cambisol combined with lithic leptosol on peridotites; 3e, ferralic cambisol combined with haplic ferralsol on volcano-sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; 5b, posic ferralsol on peridotites.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27599 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Gildas Gâteblé, Jérôme Munzinger Gâteblé G, Munzinger J (2018) Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia PhytoKeys (110): 1–8 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_238261.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_238261.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.25846.sp_1_description phytokeys.110.25846.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLithophytic herb with rhizomatous stem. Indumentum of soft hairs, usually cream- coloured, sparse on stipules (mostly on the keel and 0.5–1.5 mm long), petioles more densely hairy towards blade (2–3 mm), leaf margin (hairs ca. 1 mm) and veins beneath (ca. 1 mm) but sparse (ca. 0.5 mm) or absent on ventral surface of outer tepals and on peduncle hairs hardly visible to the naked eye. Stems creeping, apex usually slightly erect, branched, 5–9 mm thick, light yellowish-green; stipules 3 per node, two triangular, abruptly narrowed to an attenuate apex terminating in a hair, keeled from base to apex, margin entire and translucent, 9–12 × 3–4 mm, pale yellowish-green, one narrowly lanceolate, ca. 3 mm long, persistent. Leaves tufted, alternate, 2–3 mm apart; petioles terete, 2.5–3.5 mm across, up to 12.5 cm long, pale brownish-pink to darker pink towards blade; blades thinly succulent, glabrous, orbicular-reniform, asymmetric, 8–11.5 × 9.5–13.5 cm, scarcely angular, margin somewhat crenate with acute teeth bent abruptly downwards between teeth, ciliate, basal lobes cordate, overlapping when mature, moderately raised between veins, light purplish-green to dull brownish-purple, young blades brownish-pink to brownish-red, paler beneath; veins palmate, slightly prominent towards the base but impressed where branched towards the margin, prominent beneath, lateral veins ca. 2–3 pairs, greenish-yellow when young and whitish-green when mature. Inflorescences axillary, more or less erect, 10–23 cm long, brownish-red, peduncles 8–18.5 cm long, two main branches 2–3 cm long, pedicels 6–9 mm; bracts in pairs at node of peduncle, glabrous, elliptic-ovate or obovate, margin towards apex laciniate, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm, light yellowish-green sometimes with a faint tinge of pink, persistent. Male flowers with 4 tepals, margin entire, 1–1.2 × 1.1–1.4 cm; outer 2 tepals rotund, concave at centre, 5–7 × 6 mm, pale greenish-white or light pink or pale pinkish-white, inner 2 tepals obovate, apex rounded or sometimes retuse and impressed along centre, ca. 5 × 3 mm, white; stamens numerous, torus ca. 1 mm long, stamen mass globose, symmetric, ca. 2.5 mm across; anthers obovoid-oblong, tip emarginate, ca. 0.5 mm long, dehiscing through 2 longitudinal slits. Female flowers with a light yellowish-green ovary sometimes with faint light pink tinge, ca. 5.5 × 9 mm, locules 3, wings 3 equal, placentation axile, 1 placenta per locule, each placenta usually with 2 minute branches at the base; usually tepals 3, outer 2 tepals, rotund, concave at centre, ca. 4 × 4.5 mm, white with faint green tinge; styles and stigmas 3, 1.5–2 mm, style light greenish-yellow, stigma pale yellow, papillose, spiral band. Capsules ca. 6 ×12 mm, locules 3, splitting longitudinally between locules, wing 3 equal, ca. 4 mm wide, surface glabrous, styles and stigmas persisting after tepals have fallen, dangling on a fine, thread-like pedicel ca. 5.5 mm long. Seeds numerous, barrel-shaped, 0.3–0.34 × 0.2–0.22 mm, collar cells slightly more than half the seed length, surface sculptured. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=25846 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Joanne Pei-Chih Tan, Sheh May Tam, Ruth Kiew Tan J, Tam S, Kiew R (2018) Begoniayenyeniae (Begoniaceae), a new species from Endau Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia PhytoKeys (110): 23–37 8292ecf37284758774e489bf702ec349; 935d25e59e4afbeb223f9acaae8af1ab; 1c1b68023f2a30ac5444b82df388c0d4 phytokeys.110.25846.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.110.25846.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic in Peninsular Malaysia, Johor, Mersing District, Endau-Rompin National Park, Sungai Selai. It is apparently a rare species as it is known only from the type locality in Endau Rompin National Park. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=25846 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Joanne Pei-Chih Tan, Sheh May Tam, Ruth Kiew Tan J, Tam S, Kiew R (2018) Begoniayenyeniae (Begoniaceae), a new species from Endau Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia PhytoKeys (110): 23–37 8292ecf37284758774e489bf702ec349; 935d25e59e4afbeb223f9acaae8af1ab; 1c1b68023f2a30ac5444b82df388c0d4 phytokeys.110.25846.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.110.25846.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Begoniayenyeniae J.P.C.Tan, sp. nov. A Side and front view female flower B Back and front view of male flower C Stamen mass D Anthers E Habitat: moss-covered rocky slope by waterfall F Young fruit with stigma still attached G Transverse section of fruit H Seeds I Mature leaf J Upper leaf surface (moderately bullate) K Veins completely prominent on lower leaf surface L Petiole M Young blade N Stipules O–Q Upper, lower and side view of leaf margin R A pair of bracts and bracteole at peduncle and rachis; hairs scarcely on ventral surface of outer tepals. (Photographs by E Y.Y. Sam, D P.T. Ong)\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=25846 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Joanne Pei-Chih Tan, Sheh May Tam, Ruth Kiew Tan J, Tam S, Kiew R (2018) Begoniayenyeniae (Begoniaceae), a new species from Endau Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia PhytoKeys (110): 23–37 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239606.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239606.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.25846.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.110.25846.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic in Peninsular Malaysia, Terengganu (without specific locality). Apparently restricted in its distribution because, despite continuous botanical collecting in Terengganu and elsewhere in Peninsular Malaysia, it has not been re-found since it was first collected in 1892 (Kiew, 2005). \nBegoniarajah, B.yenyeniae, B.reginula and B.foxworthyi compared. Character Begonia rajah Begoniayenyeniae sp. nov. Begonia reginula Begonia foxworthyi Leaf: texture thickly succulent polished shining prominent bullate thinly succulent thinly succulent slightly raised in between veins thinly succulent Surface moderately raised in between veins glossy, veins slightly impressed Leaf shape subrotund orbicular-reniform broadly ovate almost rotund apex short- pointed apex abruptly acute apex rounded apex abruptly attenuate angular not angular angular scarcely angular Tepal no. in male flower 4 4 2 2 Tepal no. in female flower 3 3 2 2 Outer tepal size (mm) 6–8 × 5–8 5–7 × 6 6–10 × 9–11 4–6 × 4–6 Outer tepal: shape widely ovate or cordate rotund widely ovate or rotund broadly ovate to rotund rounded apex obtuse rounded rounded or acute subcordate subcordate base subcordate rounded Stipule: shape lanceolate-oblong or triangular narrowly triangular, narrowly triangular, narrowly triangular size (mm) 15–20 × 10–12 9–12 × 3–4 5–7 × 2–3 7–12 × 2–5 colour Brownish-pink to scarlet light yellowish-green sometimes with a faint pink tinge pale greenish yellow or reddish yellow red Keel on stipules from base to apex from base to apex absent from base to apex Bract: shape broadly ovate, bowl-shaped elliptic-ovate or obovate, curved or flat obovate, curved or flat obovate, flat size (mm) 5–8 × 7.5–8 2–3 × 1.5–2 3–4 × 1–3 4–6 × 2–4 Hair density: petioles hairy sparsely hairy, more hairy near leaf base sparsely hairy densely hairy stipules densely hairy sparsely hairy hairy densely hairy peduncles hairy sparsely covered, hairs inconspicuous without hairs sparsely hairy Ovary colour pink or pale pink light yellowish-green light yellowish-green reddish or dark pink https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=25846 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Joanne Pei-Chih Tan, Sheh May Tam, Ruth Kiew Tan J, Tam S, Kiew R (2018) Begoniayenyeniae (Begoniaceae), a new species from Endau Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia PhytoKeys (110): 23–37 8292ecf37284758774e489bf702ec349; 935d25e59e4afbeb223f9acaae8af1ab; 1c1b68023f2a30ac5444b82df388c0d4 phytokeys.110.25846.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.110.25846.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Watercolour painting of Begoniarajah of an original wild-collected plant grown in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. (Reproduced with permission of the Singapore Botanic Gardens)\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=25846 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Joanne Pei-Chih Tan, Sheh May Tam, Ruth Kiew Tan J, Tam S, Kiew R (2018) Begoniayenyeniae (Begoniaceae), a new species from Endau Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia PhytoKeys (110): 23–37 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239605.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239605.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.25846.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.110.25846.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Begoniarajah Ridley (cultivated) A Upper leaf surface B under surface C Young blade.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=25846 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Joanne Pei-Chih Tan, Sheh May Tam, Ruth Kiew Tan J, Tam S, Kiew R (2018) Begoniayenyeniae (Begoniaceae), a new species from Endau Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia PhytoKeys (110): 23–37 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239612.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239612.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1_description phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nEpilithic, evergreen perennial rhizomatous herbs. Rhizome purplish brown outside, sheathed, creamy white inside, 2–4 cm in diameter. Leaf stems slender, 60–100 × 0.5–0.7 cm, glabrous, 7–10 leaves. Ligule oblong-ovate, green or purple, glabrous, 1.8–2.3 cm × 1.2–1.5 cm, membranous. Leaf blades elliptic,15–25 × 5–8 cm, base attenuate into a short petiole, 0.5 cm long, apex caudate, glabrous on both sides and dark green above, purple beneath, especially the leaves in the lower part of the stem. Inflorescence a terminal spike, erect, 10–15 cm long, lax flowered; peduncle 1.5–2.0 cm long, green; rachis green, pubescent. Bracts oblong-ovate, apex acute, green, 1.3–1.5 × 0.4–0.5 cm, coriaceous, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, 2–4 flowered. Bracteoles tubular, apex acute, green, coriaceous1.0–1.1 × 0.3–0.4 cm, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Flowers pure white, 10–11 cm long, lightly fragrant. Calyx tubular, green, 2.5–2.8 × 0.12–0.15 cm, apex obtusely 3-toothed, pubescent. Floral tube pure white, 4.0–5.0 cm long, slender; lobes glabrous, pure white, reflexed, linear, dorsal lobe 3.1–3.3 × 0.12 cm, lateral lobes 2.9–3.1 × 0.12 cm. Lateral staminodes linear-ridged, pure white, 3.0–3.3 cm long, dentate at apex. Labellum ovate, pure white, 2.8–3.0 × 1.2–1.4 cm, base attenuate into a claw, 0.8–1.0 × 0.2 cm, apex incised to the middle, white. Filament 6.0–6.8 cm long, white; anther dorsifixed, sagittate, 3.5–4 mm long, glabrous, light yellow. Ovary 0.4–0.5 × 0.2–0.4 cm, densely silky hairy, trilocular, placentation axile; epigynous glands 2, slender, ca. 0.2 cm long, yellow. Stigma green, ciliate. Tetraploid. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28710 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Xiu Hu, Jia-qi Huang, Jia-chuan Tan, Yong-qingWu, Juan Chen Hu X, Huang J, Tan J, Yong-qingWu , Chen J (2018) Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, a new species from Guangxi Autonomous Region, South China PhytoKeys (110): 69–79 7d0fd471e455695727533f99b8b02519; a4300161957fb21aa8538a6f22e52691; e74d3c85dfed4f26915054663b88c029; 3b49010d9506def36ff1d23481977b95; a4c736cc13847ddbdafda8a5fc8d2281 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIn addition to the type location, the new species is found in the adjacent area, Longzhou and Jingxi Counties (Fig. 5). Hedychiumviridibracteatum can be easily distinguished from related species, even from dried specimens. The following sites were discovered by examining specimens and confirmed by our field investigations from 2012–2017: 20 September 1935, X. P. Gao 55777, Guangxi Autonomous Region, Jingxi County, Ande district (IBSC 0022836); 13 September 2007, W. B. Xu & Y. Y. Liang 0144, Guangxi Autonomous Region, Jingxi County, Bangliang National Nature Reserve (IBK 00223131); 29 September 2007, W. B. Xu & Y. Y. Liang B0065, Guangxi Autonomous Region, Jingxi County, Bangliang National Nature Reserve (IBK 00223137); 16 September 2010, Y. S. Huang et al. LYJX0450, Guangxi Autonomous Region, Jingxi County, Bangliang National Nature Reserve (IBK 00224854); 27 October 2010, W. H. Wu W0286, Guangxi Autonomous Region, Longhzhou county, Nonggang National Nature Reserve (IBK 00216857). \n HedychiumvillosumWall.var.tenuiflorum Voigt ex Baker \nCHINA. Guangxi: Baise County: Daleng, 800 m, 26 Mar 1975, D. Fang 36943 (GXMI); Longguang, 900 m, 14 Jan 1956, Baise Group 1914 (IBK); Longlin County: Dee, Yanyu, 933 m, 9 Sep 1977, J.F. Wei & D. Fang 3–1145 (GXMI); Longlin County: Zhelang, Hanshan, 1000 m, 24 Mar 1975, D. Fang 25610 (GXMI); Longzhou County: Binqiao, Anzhen village, 273 m, 29 Apr 1956, Y.K. Li 212 (IBK); Napo County: Pingmeng, Mengda, back Mountain, 600 m, 16 Apr 1976, D. Fang 22291 (GXMI); Pingmeng, Nonghua to Sheng village, 700 m, 12 May 1989, South China team 702 (IBSC); Pingmeng, Nongyi, Stone Mountain, 646 m, 1 Mar 2006, M. Liu 3 (HITBC); Nanning County: Maoqiao, Medicinal Garden, 80 m, 3 Mar 1975, D. Fang & X.X. Chen 78882 (GXMI); Shangsi County: Fenghuang, Longshan Mid-range, 811 m, 4 Mar 1944, S.Q. Chen & S.H. Chun 4628 (IBSC); Fulongai, back valley, 607 m, 23 May 1966, T.J. Wang 5393 (GXMI); Tiandeng County: Fuxin, Miao village, 502 m, 18 Sep 1977, Tiandeng County Investigation Team 2–233 (GXMI); Hainan: Changjiang County: Bawang Mountain, Dongsi Forest Farm, 1400 m, 20 Apr 1988, Z.X. Li & F.W. Xing 3526 (IBSC); Bawang Mountain, Dongwu Forest Farm, 1015 m, 27 Mar 1983, G.Y. Fu 3418 (IBSC); Baoting County: Diaoluo Mountain, Xin’an village, 84 m, 24 Dec 1954, Diaoluo Mountain Team 3280 (IBSC); Qizhi Mountain, 185 m, 9 Jan 1934, Z. Huang & C. Wang 36223 (IBSC); Jianfeng Mountain, 830 m, 15 Apr 1982, Q. Huang 820154 (IBSC); Xizang: Motuo County: Damu to Gedang, 850 m, 25 Mar 1993, H. Sun & Z.K. Zhou & H.Y. Yu 5043 (KUN); Yunnan: Fugong County: Pihe, east coast of Nu River, 1100 m, 30 May 1978, Bijiang Investigation Team 0257 (KUN); along Nu River, Stone Mountain, 1262 m, 9 Apr 2008, F. Yu 19 (HITBC); Diao Ga Guo Zhai, 25 Apr 2004, D. Heng 49837 (GH); Funing County: Banlun, 728 m, 10 Apr 1940, Q.W. Wang 88283 (KUN); Gengma County: 1670 m, 1 Apr 1936, Q.W. Wang 72918 (IBSC); along the Gengma River, 1280 m, 7 Mar 2008, F. Yu 20 (HITBC); Gongshan County: Dulongjiang, Longyuan, 1772 m, 12 Apr 1994, Dulongjiang Investigation Team 5582 (KUN); Hekou County: Dawei Mountain, Laozhai, 1338 m, 6 Mar 1940, X. Wang & X.P. Gao & X.Q. Liu 100235 (IBSC); Qiaotou, 958 m, 1 Apr 2008, F. Yu 21 (HITBC); Jingdong County: Dongchuan River, 1097 m, 26 Mar 1940, M.G. Li 1900 (KUN); Wuliang Mountain, 1500 m, 19 Mar 2008, F. Yu 22 (HITBC); Jinghong County: Damenglong Mengsong Mountain, 1800 m, 29 Nov 2006, S.S Zhou 3409 (HITBC); Liuku County: Nu River, along the road, 1241 m, 8 Apr 2008, F. Yu 18 (HITBC); Mang County: Mengjiu, 1601 m, 28 Jul 1984, Q.G. Wu 96 (IBSC); Lvchun County: Huanglianshan national Nature Reserve area, 1500 m, 28 Apr 1984, S.Q. Dong & A.M. Li 24905 (HITBC); Malipo County: Huangjinyin, 1455 m, 13 Jan 1940, Q.W. Wang 83189 (KUN); Nanwen River, Laojun Mountain, 1600 m, 1 Jun 1983, S.Q Dong 32927 (HITBC); Menghai County: Mengsong, Manjin, 1221 m, 27 Mar 1957, Zhongsu Team 5469 (IBSC); Mengla County: Menglun Tropical Botanical Garden, 564 m, 25 Jan 2007, L.Q. He 119 (HITBC); Xiangming, 900 m, 26 Mar 1984, S.Q. Dong & A.M. Li 24897 (HITBC); Pingbian County: 1677 m, 9 Mar 1934, Y. Qian 13443 (IBSC); Yanshan County: Shuitouzhai, 1200 m, 19 Oct 1939, Q.W. Wang 84527 (KUN); Yingjiang County: Tongbiguan, 1400 m, 9 Apr 1985, Examination Team 85–200 (KUN); Zhenkang County: Bainiu village, 1593 m, Mar 1936, Q.W. Wang 72237 (KUN). \n Hedychiumvillosumvar.villosum Wall \nCHINA. Yunnan: Fugong County: Maji Township, 1337 m, 4 Nov 1990, Dulong River Investigation Team 140 (KUN); Gongshan County: Dulong River to Meilin River, 1400–1420 m, 11 Jul 1979, Q. Lin & X.F. Deng 2731 (KUN); Dulong River East Coast, 2200–2400 m, 20 Sep 1940, G.M. Feng 2168 (KUN); Dulong River West Coast, 1300 m, 20 Nov 1990, Dulong River Investigation Team 637 (KUN); Dulong River West Coast, Four village, 1300 m, 25 Nov 1959, G.M. Feng 24396 (KUN); Mengla County: Menglun, 800 m, 6 Dec 1972, Y.H. Li 8466 (HITBC); Menglun, 26 Jan 1979, J.Y. Cui 14683 (HITBC); Menglun, Silver Factory, limestone mountains, 860 m, 6 Jan 1960, Y.H. Li 2731 (HITBC); Menglun, limestone mountains, 1200 m, 23 Nov 2005, S.S. Zhou 3320 (HITBC); Mengyuan, Nov 1982, Expedition team 34279 (HITBC); Shangyong, 900 m, 18 Oct 1974, Z.H Yang 10983 (HITBC); Yiwu Dt.: Manpi, 1000 m, 8 Sep 1959, S.J. Pei 9993 (HITBC); Menglian County: 957 m, 2 Oct 2006, X. Hu 001 (IBSC). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28710 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Xiu Hu, Jia-qi Huang, Jia-chuan Tan, Yong-qingWu, Juan Chen Hu X, Huang J, Tan J, Yong-qingWu , Chen J (2018) Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, a new species from Guangxi Autonomous Region, South China PhytoKeys (110): 69–79 7d0fd471e455695727533f99b8b02519; a4300161957fb21aa8538a6f22e52691; e74d3c85dfed4f26915054663b88c029; 3b49010d9506def36ff1d23481977b95; a4c736cc13847ddbdafda8a5fc8d2281 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, sp. nov., holotype, A upper leaves and inflorescence B flower C bract D ovary and glands E calyx tube F floral tube with calyx tube wrapped outside G corolla lobe H lateral staminodes I labellum J stamen K anther L stigma. Drawings Y. X. Liu.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28710 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Xiu Hu, Jia-qi Huang, Jia-chuan Tan, Yong-qingWu, Juan Chen Hu X, Huang J, Tan J, Yong-qingWu , Chen J (2018) Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, a new species from Guangxi Autonomous Region, South China PhytoKeys (110): 69–79 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239974.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239974.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, sp. nov., flowers and their parts: A bract B bracteole C ovary D calyx tube E floral tube F corolla lobe G lateral staminodes H labellum I labellum claw J filament K anther.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28710 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Xiu Hu, Jia-qi Huang, Jia-chuan Tan, Yong-qingWu, Juan Chen Hu X, Huang J, Tan J, Yong-qingWu , Chen J (2018) Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, a new species from Guangxi Autonomous Region, South China PhytoKeys (110): 69–79 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239975.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239975.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu sp. nov. A habit (growing on rocks) B rachis and bracts (pubescent) C ligule (glabrous) D inflorescence at anthesis E leaf blade surface (adaxial view) F leaf blade surface (abaxial view) G rhizome H portions of inflorescence (2–4 flowers per bract).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28710 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Xiu Hu, Jia-qi Huang, Jia-chuan Tan, Yong-qingWu, Juan Chen Hu X, Huang J, Tan J, Yong-qingWu , Chen J (2018) Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, a new species from Guangxi Autonomous Region, South China PhytoKeys (110): 69–79 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239976.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239976.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Histogram of relative DNA content of nuclei isolated from the leaves of the new plant and related Hedychium species. AH.coronarium (control) BH.viridibracteatumCH.villosumvar.tenuiflorumDH.villosumvar.villosum.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28710 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Xiu Hu, Jia-qi Huang, Jia-chuan Tan, Yong-qingWu, Juan Chen Hu X, Huang J, Tan J, Yong-qingWu , Chen J (2018) Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, a new species from Guangxi Autonomous Region, South China PhytoKeys (110): 69–79 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239977.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239977.jpg 2018 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1_p_5 phytokeys.110.28710.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Distribution and flowering of Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, sp. nov. and the related species H.villosumvar.tenuiflorum and H.villosumvar.villosum.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28710 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Xiu Hu, Jia-qi Huang, Jia-chuan Tan, Yong-qingWu, Juan Chen Hu X, Huang J, Tan J, Yong-qingWu , Chen J (2018) Hedychiumviridibracteatum X.Hu, a new species from Guangxi Autonomous Region, South China PhytoKeys (110): 69–79 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239978.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_239978.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nChrysospleniumramosissimum is only known to exist on Mt. Seonjaryeong in Gangwon-do, Korea, at an elevation of 630–910 m. To date, only one population of approximately 2,000 individuals has been discovered, near a small creek. In the absence of additional data, we presently score it as Data Deficient (DD), according to the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2001). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27182 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yong-In Kim, Seong-Hyun Cho, Jung-Hoon Lee, Dae-Hyun Kang, Jin Hee Park, Young-Dong Kim Kim Y, Cho S, Lee J, Kang D, Jin Hee Park , Kim Y (2018) Chrysospleniumramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim (Saxifragaceae), a new species from Korea PhytoKeys (111): 1–10 dbf967a40e56e93f4908c650fdb71a97; 4cee7af30b8dc61d5bc8df9e2368595b; db1e3b26a65dc88b1af47ab6293c54fc; 9af8fcac73ce3431bba5c2236f953387; cebd55f8db3521a8c1d6130d5712acb7; 7666a4a7d59b4f033edaa67a226908e3 phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Chrysospleniumramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim. A Flowering individual B fruiting individual C sterile branch habit after fruiting D inflorescence and bracteal leaves E–F flower G stamen at various stages H flower longitudinal section I infructescence and bracteal leaves J capsule with persistent sepals K capsule, sepals removed L capsule, longitudinal section M capsule, before dehiscence (top view) N capsule, after dehiscence (top view) O node of sterile branch, enlarged P seed, side view (left), top view (right) Q seed coat, enlarged.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27182 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yong-In Kim, Seong-Hyun Cho, Jung-Hoon Lee, Dae-Hyun Kang, Jin Hee Park, Young-Dong Kim Kim Y, Cho S, Lee J, Kang D, Jin Hee Park , Kim Y (2018) Chrysospleniumramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim (Saxifragaceae), a new species from Korea PhytoKeys (111): 1–10 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240889.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240889.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Chrysospleniumramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim. A Inflorescence with bracteal leaves B sterile branches and basal leaves during flowering with withered basal leaves C sterile branch leaves with shiny silvery spots during flowering D sterile branch after fruiting E plant habit during flowering.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27182 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yong-In Kim, Seong-Hyun Cho, Jung-Hoon Lee, Dae-Hyun Kang, Jin Hee Park, Young-Dong Kim Kim Y, Cho S, Lee J, Kang D, Jin Hee Park , Kim Y (2018) Chrysospleniumramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim (Saxifragaceae), a new species from Korea PhytoKeys (111): 1–10 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240890.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240890.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Upper surface of sterile branch leaves of Chrysospleniumramosissimum (A1) and C.valdepilosum (B1). Scanning electron micrograph of seeds of C.ramosissimum (A2) and C.valdepilosum (B2).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27182 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yong-In Kim, Seong-Hyun Cho, Jung-Hoon Lee, Dae-Hyun Kang, Jin Hee Park, Young-Dong Kim Kim Y, Cho S, Lee J, Kang D, Jin Hee Park , Kim Y (2018) Chrysospleniumramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim (Saxifragaceae), a new species from Korea PhytoKeys (111): 1–10 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240891.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240891.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.111.27182.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Sterile branch outline of Chrysospleniumramosissimum (A) and C.valdepilosum (B) after fruiting.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27182 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yong-In Kim, Seong-Hyun Cho, Jung-Hoon Lee, Dae-Hyun Kang, Jin Hee Park, Young-Dong Kim Kim Y, Cho S, Lee J, Kang D, Jin Hee Park , Kim Y (2018) Chrysospleniumramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim (Saxifragaceae), a new species from Korea PhytoKeys (111): 1–10 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240892.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240892.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.29303.sp_1_description phytokeys.111.29303.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs or straggly trees, 2–6 m tall. Bark smooth, mottled grey and brown; young stems with scattered, appressed multi-radiate stellate hairs; older stems lenticellate, ± glabrescent. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, stipulate; leaf blades ovate to broadly ovate, 7–12.5(–14) cm long, 5–9(–9.5) cm wide, apices long acuminate, bases cordate to truncate, margin coarsely crenate except base of blade entire, (3–)5-nerved from the base, primary, secondary and tertiary nerves clearly visible below, veinlets visible below with 10× magnification, ± glabrous above and below except for scattered minute multi-radiate stellate hairs that are more numerous on the primary and secondary nerves and toward leaf base, somewhat lustrous above, matt below; domatia absent; petioles 3–4.5(–7) cm long, sparingly pubescent with scattered minute multi-radiate stellate hairs; stipules long acicular, 9–12(–15) mm long, ca. 1 mm wide at base and tapering to 0.25 mm below apex, sparingly pubescent with scattered minute multi-radiate stellate hairs, caducous. Inflorescence paniculate, axillary and terminal, lax, 20–27 cm long, 20–25 cm wide; pedicels to 9(–10) cm long. Epicalyx bracts 3, acicular, 7–10 × 2 mm, entire or sparingly toothed apically, ± evenly spaced around the axis in bud, but clustered on one side at anthesis, caducous. Calyx 5-lobed, valvate, shortly (1.5–2 mm) connate at base, lobes lanceolate, 7–8 × 2 mm, apices acute, somewhat thickened distally, sparingly pubescent externally with appressed, minute multi-radiate stellate hairs, glabrous internally, smooth (i.e. nerves not visible). Petals 5, broadly obovate, 14–16(–22) mm long, 14–15(–20) mm wide, ± symmetrical, apices crispate, bases cuneate, bright yellow in vivo, glabrous externally and internally. Androecium of 10–15 anthers alternating with 5 staminodes; anthers in an outer whorl, borne in fascicles of 2(3), common filaments ca. 3–3.25 mm long, glabrous; anther sacs 2–2.25 mm long; staminodes in an inner whorl, ligulate, 10 × 1 mm, glabrous. Style 1, ca. 4 mm tall; stigmas 10, recurved apically, pale yellow to white. Fruit a loculicidally dehiscent capsule, obovoid, ± 1.5 cm in diameter, 10-ridged, sparingly pubescent with scattered minute multi-radiate stellate hairs, eventually splitting into separate mericarp-like structures. Seeds 1(2) per locule, obovate, 4 × 2 mm, laterally flattened, glabrous, each seed with a narrow, ca. 1 mm wide, hyaline, dorsal and apical wing. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29303 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Kenneth J. Wurdack Dorr L, Wurdack K (2018) A new disjunct species of Eriolaena (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae) from Continental Africa PhytoKeys (111): 11–16 713e3da2a117260b0b773d2e6fc503fb; 87216f65337232ff7849d6a2be855eb9 phytokeys.111.29303.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.111.29303.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to northern Mozambique where it is known from several localities on the eastern and southern shore of Pemba Bay (Baia de Pemba) near the city of Pemba where it occurs on heavy clay over coral-rag in coastal scrub at the upper margin of mangrove communities (Burrows et al. 2018); ca. 10 m alt. According to Rulkens (personal communication), Ernst Schmidt observed the shrub between Macomia and the coast in 2009 but later discovered the plant had been cut down. Rulkens also observed additional locations with many plants about 10 km from Pemba in small patches of coastal forest on fossil coral substrate. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29303 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Kenneth J. Wurdack Dorr L, Wurdack K (2018) A new disjunct species of Eriolaena (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae) from Continental Africa PhytoKeys (111): 11–16 713e3da2a117260b0b773d2e6fc503fb; 87216f65337232ff7849d6a2be855eb9 phytokeys.111.29303.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.111.29303.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Eriolaenarulkensii. A Habit B, C Flower buds with 3 epicalyx bracts each D Immature flower with petals (yellow), sepals (green) and scar of one dehisced epicalyx bract E Detail of sepal F Flower at anthesis showing petals, anthers, staminodes and gynoecium G Detail of petal H Detail of androecium showing androecial tube, anthers in fascicles and staminodes I Gynoecium and base of two staminodes J Immature capsule showing scars from dehisced calyx lobes and epicalyx bracts. (Source: A.J.H. Rulkens 1, US).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29303 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Kenneth J. Wurdack Dorr L, Wurdack K (2018) A new disjunct species of Eriolaena (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae) from Continental Africa PhytoKeys (111): 11–16 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240901.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240901.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.29303.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.111.29303.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Eriolaenarulkensii. A Trunk and bark B Infructescence C Immature capsules with prominent ridges D Habit (shrub in centre with yellow flowers) E Flower (foreground) with stamens in fascicles of 2(3), each alternating with a ligulate staminode, and a simple style with 10 stigmas; flower buds (background) with 3 epicalyx lobes subtending each calyx F Capsules (mature) with loculicidally dehiscent mericarp-like structures. Photographs: A.J.H. Rulkens.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29303 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Laurence J. Dorr, Kenneth J. Wurdack Dorr L, Wurdack K (2018) A new disjunct species of Eriolaena (Malvaceae, Dombeyoideae) from Continental Africa PhytoKeys (111): 11–16 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240902.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240902.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1_description phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nStem 3–7 m tall, 20–30 cm in diameter, solitary; dead leaf sheaths persistent; trunk covered by fibres and old leaf sheaths; fibres formed through disintegration of leaf sheath margins ca. 1–2 mm in diameter, curly, dark brown to grey. Leaves 7 or 8, 8–13 m long in total, horizontal, then arching downwards towards the apex; sheath 80–140 cm long, 15–30 cm wide basally, channelled, smooth, margin fibrous, light brown with black and grey spots; petiole 1.7–4 m long, 7–10 cm in diameter basally, channelled, smooth, brown with dark and grey spots, green at younger stages; rachis 5–7 m long, channelled basally and keeled towards the apex, smooth, no spines on keel, light brown to brown, spotted black and grey; pinnae 170–195 per side, irregularly arranged in 4 planes, arching downwards towards the apex, extreme basal pinnae 55–70 cm long, 1.2–1.3 wide, filiform, middle pinnae 1.10–1.20 m long, 4.5–5 cm wide, linear, apical pinnae 9–23 cm long, 0.6–2.4 cm wide, linear, midrib prominent adaxially, brown spines along pinnae midrib and margins, older pinnae bearing spines more basally, younger ones throughout the pinnae, pinnae adaxial surface dark green, abaxial surface waxy green. Leaves next to inflorescence reduced with split sheaths. Inflorescences 5, pendulous, 1.2–1.8 m long, 9 – 10 cm (young) to 30–35 cm (mature) in diameter at base (including rachillae); light brown to brown; prophyll tubular, bearing 2 keels merging to form a pointed beak; peduncle 20–25 cm long, 7–8 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, smooth dark brown abaxially; penduncular bracts 8–20, tubular with triangular apices, smooth, dark brown abaxially; rachis 1.40–1.60 m long, bearing numerous bracts rarely empty, 50–70 first order rachillae, moniliform in shape, circular, alternating in 2 rows on each side of the rachis, smooth, prophyllar bract at the base of first order rachillae, tubular, bearing 2 keels at the side, smooth; basal first order rachillae 30–40 m long, 1.5–2 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, 25–30 cm including second order rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract at the base bearing 2 keels on both sides, other bracts bearing flowers, rarely empty; second order rachillae ca. 38 per side, basal second order rachillae 15–19 cm long, 0.3–0.5 cm in diameter, middle second order rachillae 9–12 cm long, 0.4–0.5 cm in diameter, apical second order rachillae 2.5–5 cm long, 0.3–0.4 cm in diameter, circular, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud 1.5–1.7 cm long, flattened, smooth; middle first order rachillae 27–30 cm long, 1.5–2 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, 20–22 cm including second order rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract at the base bearing 2 keels on both sides, other bracts bearing flowers, rarely empty; second order rachillae ca. 33 per side, basal second order rachillae 14–15 cm long, ca. 0.5 cm in diameter, middle second order rachillae 8.5–9 cm long, ca. 0.5 cm in diameter, apical second order rachillae 2.5–3 cm long, ca. 0.5 cm in diameter, circular, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth; apical first order rachillae: 17–20 cm long, 1–1.5 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, 7–10 cm including second order rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract at the base bearing 2 keels on both sides, other bracts bearing flowers rarely empty; second order rachillae 20 per side, basal second order rachillae 4–7 cm long, 0.2–0.3 cm in diameter, middle second order rachillae 4–5 cm long, 0.2–0.3 cm in diameter, apical second order rachillae 2.5–3.5 cm long, 0.2–0.3 cm in diameter, circular, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth, light brown. Flowers: only very old or very young flowers observed, solitary, exerted, arranged in one row (sometimes two) on each side of second order rachillae, staminate flowers distal, pistillate flowers basal, stamens 6. Fruit: ca. 4 cm long, 3.5 cm in diameter, beak 0.5 cm; globose, deltoid or ovoid; scales arranged in 11 or 12 rows, shallowly furrowed, dark green to brown when young, turning orange-red at maturity; mesocarp ca. 0.8 cm thick, yellow; seeds 1–3, circular covered in a white coating. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 c437d21db81de8fd98637dbe00cac8fc; e6e0ac6482af21c4b99b0c113f7024aa; b27695a50b7937edebf3d24973a1a381; 880aa0f694c043aec2aace9b72921e61; d9ec9371af15a7a79b0261ec2c79a566 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nLower Guinea subcentre of endemism (White 1979). Raphiagabonica is restricted to the northern part of the Ngounié region in Gabon occurring in very small populations in forests. Altitude 76–228 m (Fig. 3). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 c437d21db81de8fd98637dbe00cac8fc; e6e0ac6482af21c4b99b0c113f7024aa; b27695a50b7937edebf3d24973a1a381; 880aa0f694c043aec2aace9b72921e61; d9ec9371af15a7a79b0261ec2c79a566 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Raphiagabonica, illustrations. A Habit (bar = 1 m) B Details of trunk - notice curly fibres C Detail of full inflorescence D Detail of base of inflorescence E Penduncular bracts F Partial inflorescence with old flowers G Detail of basal part of rachillae with old female flower H Detail of apical part of rachillae with old male flowers (Scale bar: 1 cm) I Partial inflorescence with fruits J Fruit K Longitudinal section of fruit. Drawings based on A from Mogue 22 B–J Mogue 23. Drawings by Hans de Vries.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240927.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240927.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Raphiagabonica in natural habitat (Alèmbé, Gabon). Notice dry land habitat, not growing in colonies, single stem with curly fibres and long pendulous inflorescences. Photo: Thomas L.P. Couvreur.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240928.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240928.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Distribution of Raphiagabonica and R.zamiana.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240929.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240929.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2_description phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nStem 3–8 m tall, 30–40 cm in diameter, clustering; dead leaf sheaths persistent, trunk hidden in dead leaves and fibres; fibres formed through disintegration of the leaf sheath, ca. 1 cm in diameter, straight with pointed tips, brown to black. Leaves 10–12, 12–21 m long in total, horizontal and then arched downwards towards apex; sheath 90–150 cm long, channelled, smooth, margin fibrous, orange-yellow, spotted with black, white and or grey dots; petiole 4–11 m long, 5–35 cm in diameter towards the base, channelled basally and elliptic apically, smooth, green, spotted with dark and grey; rachis 7–13 m long, 10–11 cm in diameter, elliptic basally and keeled towards the apex, smooth abaxially, spiny adaxially (spines on keel), light green to green; pinnae 147–268 per side, irregularly arranged in 4 planes, arching downwards towards the apex, pinnae adaxial surface green, abaxial surface waxy green; extreme basal pinnae 0.80–1.26 m long, 7–30 mm wide, filiform, middle pinnae 1.50–1.90 m long, 5–9 cm wide, linear, apical pinnae 20–72 cm long, 1.5–3.6 cm wide, linear, midrib prominent adaxially, spines along pinnae midrib and margins, brown to black. Leaves subtending inflorescence reduced (1.20–1.40 m long). \nInflorescences 3 or 4, pendulous, 1.55–2.80 m long in total, 17–44 cm (mature) in diameter at base (including rachillae); young inflorescences light green to purple green, older ones light brown to grey-brown. prophyll 18–20 cm long, 13.7 cm diameter, tubular, bearing 2 keels merging to form a pointed beak; peduncle 26–30 cm long, 10–13.5 cm diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, smooth; penduncular bracts several, tubular, with triangular apices, smooth, dark brown abaxially; rachis 1.25–2.60 m long, bearing numerous bracts rarely empty, 50–70 first order rachillae, raphiate shape, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of the rachis, smooth; prophyllar bract found at the base of first order rachillae, tubular, bearing 2 keels at the sides, smooth; basal first order rachillae 0.54–1.05 m long, 4.5–7 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, ca. 14 cm in diameter including rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract bearing 2 keels on both sides, subsequent bracts bearing flowers, rarely empty; second order rachillae 48–65, basal second order rachillae 23–35 cm long, 2–2.5 cm in diameter; middle second order rachillae 15–27 cm long, 2 cm in diameter; apical second order rachillae 9.5–15 cm long, 1.5–1.6 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth; middle first order rachillae 39–45 cm long, 3–4 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, 12 cm in diameter including second order rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract at the base bearing 2 keels on both sides, subsequent bracts bearing flowers rarely empty; second order rachillae 32–50, basal second order rachillae 16 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter, middle second order rachillae 13 cm long, 1.2 cm in diameter; apical second order rachillae ca. 10 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth; apical first order rachillae 25–27 cm long, ca. 2.5 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, 12 cm in diameter including second order rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract at the base bearing 2 keels on both sides; second order rachillae 12–30, basal second order rachillae ca. 10 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter; middle second order rachillae ca. 8 cm long, 1 cm in diameter; apical second order rachillae ca. 6 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth; second order rachillae sometimes three times the usual size (more than 25 cm long, 2.5cm wide at the apex). Inflorescence bud ca. 5 cm long, ca. 1.2 cm wide, buds of basal and medial first order rachillae sometimes elongated. Flowers solitary, exerted, inserted in two rows on each side of second order rachillae, staminate flowers distal, pistillate flowers basal. Staminate flower 13–18.5 mm long, 7.5–11.5 mm wide, stalk ca. 1 mm long; subtending bracteole 4.5–13.5 mm long, 7–11.5 mm wide, tubular, bicarinate, margins entire, smooth, with a conspicuous wide apical slit on one side, displaying conspicuous longitudinal veins on the outer side, bracteole completely covering the calyx; calyx 5–11.5 mm long, 5–7 mm wide, fused >2/3 of its length, tubular, bearing 2 or 3 shallow lobes, margins entire to slightly rough, smooth; conspicuous longitudinal veins on outer side; corolla 3, 8.5–15(–20) mm long, 4–6 mm wide, basally connate for 1/3 of their length, oblong, apex slightly blunt to acuminate, margins entire, smooth, stiff, displaying a conspicuous longitudinal venation on the inner side; stamens 11–18, filaments 1–4(–6) mm long, 1–1.7 mm wide, free, basally adnate to the petals for 1–2 mm, cream white to pale pink; anthers 4–8.8 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, sagittate-elongate, medifixed, pale yellow; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers 15–25 mm long, 10–13 mm wide; outer subtending bracteole 12–19 mm long, 10–13 mm wide, tubular, bicarinate, margins entire, with one wide apical slit, smooth; inner subtending bracteole 5–9 mm long, tubular, margins entire, one side longer, smooth, sometimes tearing; calyx 8.5–16 mm long, fused >2/3 of its length, tubular, 3 shallow lobes or the latter rarely absent, margins entire, smooth, with longitudinal veins conspicuous on both sides; corolla 5–8 mm long, fused, 3 lobes with margins serrated, lobes sometimes slightly acuminate, margins entire, smooth, conspicuous longitudinal veins; staminodial ring with 17–19 fused staminodes, 2–5 mm long, adnate to petals for 1–4 mm; anthers sagittate, 0.5–1 mm long; gynoecium 11–18 mm long, 5–6 mm wide, ovary 9–12 mm, 5–6 mm wide, ovate to oblong, completely covered with scales, developing at ¾ height of the gynoecium, larger scales at mid portion to base; style absent or very short; stigma ca. 1 mm long, papillae not observed but hair-like prolongations present on stigma. Fruits 4–8.7 cm long, 3.5–4.7 cm wide, beak 0.5–0.9 cm long; oblong, scales arranged in 11 or 12 rows, length of scale 16–20 mm, width of scale 15–20 mm, diamond shaped, apex texture rough, shallowly furrowed, green, beak pointed, inflated in the middle; mesocarp yellow when young, orange yellow when mature; seed 1, oblong, with ruminations. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 c437d21db81de8fd98637dbe00cac8fc; e6e0ac6482af21c4b99b0c113f7024aa; b27695a50b7937edebf3d24973a1a381; 880aa0f694c043aec2aace9b72921e61; d9ec9371af15a7a79b0261ec2c79a566 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nLower Guinea subcentre of endemism (White 1979). Raphiazamiana occurs in southern Cameroon (Central and South regions) and western Gabon. It is probably also common in Equatorial Guinea although no collections have been made yet. Altitude: 0–700 m (Fig. 3). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 c437d21db81de8fd98637dbe00cac8fc; e6e0ac6482af21c4b99b0c113f7024aa; b27695a50b7937edebf3d24973a1a381; 880aa0f694c043aec2aace9b72921e61; d9ec9371af15a7a79b0261ec2c79a566 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Raphiazamiana, illustrations. A Habit in savannah B Habitat in forest, trunk not visible C Detail of the trunk, with inflorescences and straight fibres D Inflorescence E Partial inflorescence, young F Detail of rachillae G Detail of basal part of 2nd order rachillae, showing small rachillae bracts encircling young flowers H Detail of partial inflorescence (×5) I Female flower ×5 J Female inner bract ×5 K Female calyx ×5 L Female corolla ×5 M Detail of staminodial ring and staminodes N Male flower ×5 O Male calyx ×5 P Male corolla ×5 Q male stamens ×6 R Detail of stamen of male flower ×12 S Infructescence T Fruit, longitudinal section. Drawings based on: A Couvreur 1122 B–D, S, T Mogue; 17 E–R Mogue 44. Drawings by Hans de Vries.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240930.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240930.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Raphiazamiana. A Habitat along the road, with Raoul Niangadouma for scale (Oyem, Gabon) B Close-up of pendulous and “raphiate” type partial inflorescence (coastal forests near Kribi, Cameroon) C Habitat in the savannahs of Lopé National Park, Gabon D Habitat in swamp (Ma’an, Cameroon). Photos: Thomas L.P. Couvreur.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240932.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240932.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.111.27175.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Distribution of Raphiagabonica and R.zamiana.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27175 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Suzanne Mogue Kamga, Raoul Niangadouma, Fred W. Stauffer, Bonaventure Sonké, Thomas L.P. Couvreur Kamga S, Niangadouma R, Stauffer F, Bonaventure Sonké , Couvreur T (2018) Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon PhytoKeys (111): 17–30 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240929.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_240929.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1_description phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs up to 3.5 m, erect, moderately branched. Young stems terete, densely tomentose with hyaline to ochraceous stellate-glandular trichomes, these sessile to long-stalked with multiseriate stalks up to 1 cm long, multiangulate, the rays 5–20, 2–3-celled, unequal in length, all or almost all with a capitate glandular distal cell, the midpoint 2–3-celled, equal to or twice the length of the longest ray, the distal cell glandular; stems densely armed with prickles up to 17 mm long and to 2.3 mm wide at the base, straight, slightly flattened, stramineous to yellowish at base, becoming ferruginous towards the apex, pubescent with stellate trichomes like those of the stems and some small, stalked, uniseriate glandular trichomes at the base; bark of older stems greyish dark brown. Sympodial units difoliate to plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate, the leaves arranged in a 2/5 phyllotaxic spiral. Leaves simple, lobed, 20.5–42 cm long, 20–38 cm wide, the blade broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, membranous, discolorous, green adaxially and whitish light green abaxially when fresh, becoming dark green adaxially and light green to pale brown abaxially when dried; adaxial surface densely stellate-glandular tomentose but always visible, with multiangulate trichomes, these short- to long-stalked, with multiseriate stalks 3–4 cells wide, up to 1 mm long, the rays 4–11, 1-celled, all eglandular or with one or more glandular ones (then 2–3-celled), unequal in length, the midpoints 2–3-celled, usually longer than the rays, mixed with smaller porrect to antrorse, usually eglandular stellate trichomes, these sessile to short-stalked (stalks to 0.1 mm long), the rays 2–5, 1-celled and minute, inconspicuous, unbranched, subsessile uniseriate glandular trichomes; the abaxial surface densely stellate-glandular tomentose, the epidermis barely visible, with trichomes like those of the adaxial surface, but more densely distributed; sparsely to moderately armed along the midrib and the primary veins of both surfaces with straight, laterally compressed prickles reaching up to 10 mm long and to 1.3 mm wide at the base adaxially, up to 17.5 mm long and to 1.8 mm wide at the base abaxially; primary veins 5–7 pairs; base cordate, the two major basal lobes obtuse to rounded, 2.5–7 cm long at the longest point, often overlapping each other over the petiole, not decurrent on to the petiole; margins with the lateral lobes 1.5–4.8 cm long, 4–9 cm wide at base, acute or less often obtuse or rounded at the apex, both basal and lateral lobes sometimes with small secondary lobes; apex acute; petiole 4.5–19.5 cm, densely tomentose with trichomes like those of the stem, armed. Inflorescence a scorpioid cyme, usually unbranched, rarely forked or trifurcate, internodal or subopposite the leaves, the axis densely glandular tomentose with trichomes like those of the stem, but these hyaline to ochraceous, armed; peduncles 2.6–6 cm long, the rachis 4.3–11 cm long, with 11–35 flowers, with up to 3 open at the same time; pedicel insertions generally unequally spaced, adjacent to spaced 2.3 cm apart; pedicels 4.8–18 mm long in open flowers, straight, articulated at base, armed, densely tomentose with trichomes like those of the stem, but with the epidermis and trichomes often purple-coloured. Flowers 5-merous, the plants andromonoecious, producing hermaphroditic flowers (long-styled) and functionally male short-styled flowers, which vary in proportion (number of long- vs short-styled flowers) between inflorescences. Calyx somewhat urceolate, inflated, foliaceous, purple (mainly along the margins and apex of the calyx lobes) to green, armed, densely tomentose with the epidermis barely to not visible basally, becoming gradually more visible towards the apex of the lobes, with trichomes like those of the stem but these sometimes purple and with some eglandular rays; base rounded, markedly plicate on the fusion line at the base of the adjacent sepals, these basally concave, the calyx tube 4.5–8.2 mm long, 9.4–15.2 mm in diameter at the point with the largest diameter, the lobes 7.5–15.6 mm long, 6–9 mm wide at the base, triangular, the margins plane to strongly undulate and revolute, the apices acute to caudate. Corolla 2.3–3.9 cm in diameter, purple to lilac or bluish-lilac, stellate, lobed 2/5 to 1/2 of its length, interpetalar tissue absent, the tube 1.1–2.2 cm long, the lobes 10.9–15 mm long, 8.8–13.4 mm wide, deltate to triangular, the margins straight to slightly convex at base, the apex acute, apiculate or not, stellate-glandular tomentose abaxially with trichomes like those of the leaves, almost glabrous adaxially with trichomes sparsely distributed along the veins and near the apex. Stamens equal; filament tube 1–2.1 mm long; free portion of the filaments 1.3–2.9 mm long, glabrous; anthers 7.5–10 mm long, 2.8–4.3 mm wide, 2.4–2.9 mm thick at the widest point, slightly gibbous, broadly lanceolate, narrowed towards the apex, sagittate at base, connivent, with the pores directed to apex and slightly extrorse, the epidermis papillose, slightly swollen dorsally. Ovary conical to somewhat cupuliform, 4-lobed, 4-locular, densely stellate-glandular tomentose at the apex, becoming glabrous with age, the trichomes 2–7-rayed, stellate, sessile, with a 2–4-celled, eglandular or glandular midpoint longer than the 1-celled rays; style 13.7–15.9 mm long in long-styled flowers, 1.2–3.7 mm long in short-styled flowers, cylindrical, glabrous; stigma globose to clavate, up to 1.4 mm long in long-styled flowers, papillose, green when fresh. Infructescence axis up to 29 cm long. Fruit a widely depressed ovoid to obloid berry, 11.4–20 mm long, 12–22.5 mm wide, the pericarp smooth, pale green to white, with scattered stellate trichomes at the apex; fruiting pedicels 1.4–2.2 cm long, armed; fruiting calyx strongly accrescent, completely covering the fruit in all stages of development, the tube 16–20.4 mm long and 19–34 mm in diameter at the widest point, the lobes 11–21.8 long, 13.7–19 mm wide at base. Seeds ca. 230 per berry, ca. 2 mm long and 2.4 mm wide, flattened, reniform, dark brown. Chromosome number: not known. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28595 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, Leandro Lacerda Giacomin, João Renato tehmann Gouvêa Y, Giacomin L, tehmann J (2018) A sticky and heavily armed new species of Solanum (Solanumsubg.Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) from eastern Brazil PhytoKeys (111): 103–118 c784fd159b0dbc6cefc89c64fc997984; 0176a4ad7bbc00266905c66d7553e847; 57a8d1392b15baf88237d5571ecbcf1e phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to eastern Brazil (Figure 4). The known records of Solanumkollastrum are mostly concentrated along the Mucuri River watershed, ranging from the municipality of Ataléia, in northeastern Minas Gerais state, to Mucuri at the southern coast of Bahia. The only exception, so far, is one collection (J.G. Jardim et al. 3151; CEPEC, NY) made further north, in Caatiba, a municipality of the south-central region of Bahia State. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28595 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, Leandro Lacerda Giacomin, João Renato tehmann Gouvêa Y, Giacomin L, tehmann J (2018) A sticky and heavily armed new species of Solanum (Solanumsubg.Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) from eastern Brazil PhytoKeys (111): 103–118 c784fd159b0dbc6cefc89c64fc997984; 0176a4ad7bbc00266905c66d7553e847; 57a8d1392b15baf88237d5571ecbcf1e phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Line drawing of Solanumkollastrum. A habit with notably dense prickles, leaves lacking secondary lobes and internodal inflorescences B detail of the prickly inflorescence with a hermaphrodite flower at anthesis C detail of a dissected flower D detail of the fruits enclosed by the strongly accrescent fruiting calyces (with the uppermost fruiting calyx opened to expose the fruit) from Gouvêa 102 (BHCB).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28595 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, Leandro Lacerda Giacomin, João Renato tehmann Gouvêa Y, Giacomin L, tehmann J (2018) A sticky and heavily armed new species of Solanum (Solanumsubg.Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) from eastern Brazil PhytoKeys (111): 103–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243335.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243335.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Solanumkollastrum. A plant habit B detail of stem prickles C young inflorescence (upper right corner: detail of a more developed inflorescence) D flowering calyx E a short-styled and a long-styled flower displaying the extremes of variation of corolla size and colour found in the species (here exhibited by flowers of the same inflorescence); also note the various degrees of anther curvature and location of the apical pores compared with the images F and G F long-styled flower (hermaphroditic) with extrorse pores and slightly outwardly curved apices G short-styled flower (functionally male) with extrorse pores and markedly outwardly curved apices H infructescence with details of the strongly accrescent fruiting calyces (one of which was dissected to show the fruit) and the mature fruit colour (left side: details of fruit shape; right side: detail of a dissected fruit showing the four locules, placentation, seed colour and shape). Scale bars: 1.2 m (A); 3 cm (B, C, H); 1.5 cm (D, F, G); 1.8 cm (E). Photographs by Y.F. Gouvêa.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28595 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, Leandro Lacerda Giacomin, João Renato tehmann Gouvêa Y, Giacomin L, tehmann J (2018) A sticky and heavily armed new species of Solanum (Solanumsubg.Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) from eastern Brazil PhytoKeys (111): 103–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243336.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243336.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Detail of Solanumkollastrum indumentum. A trichomes composing the indumentum of the stems, petioles and inflorescence axis B indumentum of the adaxial leaf surface C Indumentum of the abaxial leaf surface D Trichomes composing the indumentum of the abaxial leaf surface. Scale bars: 6 mm (A); 5 mm (B); 3 mm (C); 1.5 mm (D). Photographs by Y.F. Gouvêa\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28595 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, Leandro Lacerda Giacomin, João Renato tehmann Gouvêa Y, Giacomin L, tehmann J (2018) A sticky and heavily armed new species of Solanum (Solanumsubg.Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) from eastern Brazil PhytoKeys (111): 103–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243337.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243337.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Habitats of Solanumkollastrum. A general view of the small village of Canaã do Brasil illustrating the typical landscapes of the type locality B a specimen growing in the soil amongst rocks at the base of an inselberg C general view of an area of altered restinga vegetation with the arrow pointing to a S.kollastrum specimen (upper right corner: detail of the distinct architecture of the specimens growing in this environment) D a specimen growing at the edge of a restinga forest fragment. Photographs by Y.F. Gouvêa\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28595 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, Leandro Lacerda Giacomin, João Renato tehmann Gouvêa Y, Giacomin L, tehmann J (2018) A sticky and heavily armed new species of Solanum (Solanumsubg.Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) from eastern Brazil PhytoKeys (111): 103–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243339.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243339.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1_p_5 phytokeys.111.28595.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Distribution of Solanumkollastrum.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28595 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, Leandro Lacerda Giacomin, João Renato tehmann Gouvêa Y, Giacomin L, tehmann J (2018) A sticky and heavily armed new species of Solanum (Solanumsubg.Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) from eastern Brazil PhytoKeys (111): 103–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243338.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_243338.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1_description phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennial herbs, 25–45 cm; woody at the base with usually ascending or barely erect flowering stem with sterile shoots; stems simple below the inflorescence, furnished with rather crisped, flexuose hairs or seldom patent hairs, punctate glands. Leaves varying 8–20 × 2–8 mm, usually lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic, both surfaces ± densely covered with flexuose-appressed to crisped white hairs, densely furnished with small, dark punctate glands; with sterile shoots present in the leaf-axils. Inflorescence lax, 4–12 cm in diameter, 10–50 flowered, the branches with flexuose hairs, with numerous punctate glands. Bracts numerous, linear-lanceolate, all ± densely white-pilose. Sepals ovate, ovate-oblong, fused at the extreme base, obtuse, white-lanate, 1–1.25 × 0.75–1 mm, with very small glands, deciduous in fruit. Petals obovate, glabrous, 4–5.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, white, with numerous very small glands. Filaments free, narrow, somewhat expanded in the lower half, 3.5–4 mm, bearded with long hairs within about the central half, with glands very small; anthers yellow, oblong, 1.5–2 mm, Ovary segments 5, glabrous, with small acute tuberculate glands below, conical apical appendage, loculi biovulate; style glabrous, slender, 3 mm. Capsule 2–2.5 × 3–4 mm, glabrous, with a conspicuous usually erect appendage on the outer upper surface; seeds reniform, grey to black 1.25–1.5 × 1–1.15 mm, with widely spaced transverse ridges. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24241 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Deniz Ulukuş, Osman Tugay Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2018) Haplophyllumermenekense (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey PhytoKeys (111): 119–131 30e5939a6c23e0af1fbe775daba4226a; e85afb553229da74f05318cb2431b308 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nH.ermenekense is endemic to Karaman province. It is an element belonging to the east Mediterranean phytogeographic region (Fig. 1). The range of this new species is limited to a single locality and its area of occupancy is estimated to be less than 5 km or 5 km2. The number of mature individual plants is estimated to be less than 250. As it is perennial, this new species has a crucial advantage for its future as destruction of the bushes by local people, road construction and deterioration of habitats may cause some threats. Thus, according to criterion D, it can be included in the EN (Endangered) category (IUCN 2001; 2016). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24241 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Deniz Ulukuş, Osman Tugay Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2018) Haplophyllumermenekense (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey PhytoKeys (111): 119–131 30e5939a6c23e0af1fbe775daba4226a; e85afb553229da74f05318cb2431b308 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Distribution map of Haplophyllumermenekense (∆), Haplophyllummyrtifolium (□) in Turkey.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24241 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Deniz Ulukuş, Osman Tugay Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2018) Haplophyllumermenekense (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey PhytoKeys (111): 119–131 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244347.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244347.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Line drawing of Haplophyllumermenekense. A habit B petal of H.ermenekenseC petal of H.myrtifoliumD calyx of H.ermenekenseE calyx of H.myrtifoliumF stamen of H.myrtifoliumG stamen H.ermenekenseH capsule of H.myrtifoliumI capsule of H.ermenekenseJ flower of H.ermenekense (Drawn from the holotype by O.Tugay).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24241 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Deniz Ulukuş, Osman Tugay Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2018) Haplophyllumermenekense (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey PhytoKeys (111): 119–131 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244348.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244348.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n General view of habit and flowers: A, BH.ermenekenseC, DH.myrtifolium.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24241 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Deniz Ulukuş, Osman Tugay Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2018) Haplophyllumermenekense (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey PhytoKeys (111): 119–131 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244349.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244349.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Capsules, AH.ermenekenseBH.myrtifolium.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24241 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Deniz Ulukuş, Osman Tugay Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2018) Haplophyllumermenekense (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey PhytoKeys (111): 119–131 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244350.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244350.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1_p_5 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n SEM photographs of seeds Haplophyllum species. A, BH.ermenekense (O.Tugay 8116 & D.Ulukuş) C, DH.myrtifolium (O.Tugay 8535 & D.Ulukuş).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24241 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Deniz Ulukuş, Osman Tugay Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2018) Haplophyllumermenekense (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey PhytoKeys (111): 119–131 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244351.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244351.jpg 2018 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1_p_6 phytokeys.111.24241.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n SEM micrographs of the pollen grains. A, B equatorial view and exine sculpturing of H.ermenekense (O.Tugay 9641 & D.Ulukuş) C, D equatorial view and exine sculpturing of H.myrtifolium (D.Ulukuş 1467 & O.Tugay).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24241 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Deniz Ulukuş, Osman Tugay Ulukuş D, Tugay O (2018) Haplophyllumermenekense (Rutaceae), a new species from Turkey PhytoKeys (111): 119–131 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244352.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_244352.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_1_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTrees or shrubs (0.5–)1.5–20 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous to densely covered with appressed or erect, simple, whitish to golden, up to 1 mm long hairs. Leaves distichous, simple, entire, petiolate, exstipulate; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, index 1.6–5, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous (rarely sparsely covered with appressed or erect, simple, up to 1 mm long hairs) above, glabrous to densely hairy (particularly at the base and on veins) below, base acute, obtuse or rounded, rarely subcordate to cordate, apex acuminate, sometimes caudate, rarely obtuse to acute, extreme tip rounded, venation brochidodromous, primary vein raised over entire leaf length above with an often conspicuous longitudinal groove particularly in the basal half, secondary veins 5–20(–30) on either side of the primary vein, often with 1–6 intersecondary veins, running parallel to primary vein for a short distance, thereafter angles with primary vein either increasing or decreasing towards the apex (or consistent), sometimes branching, often forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–7 mm, tertiary veins percurrent (or reticulate). Inflorescence of single flowers or occasionally up to 8 in a rhipidium, pendant, clustered in groups of up to 7, terminal on short axillary shoots (i.e. peduncles) on leafy or leafless twigs, older branches or on the main trunk (then often on brachyblasts); 1-several lower bracts, deltate to depressed ovate, rarely narrowly elliptic, leafy, rounded to acute, soon falling off or persistent; single upper bract attached to pedicel, ovate to deltate, acute to obtuse; flower buds open or closed in development, when closed (ovoid to triangular) broadly to depressed ovoid; peduncles, pedicels, outer sides of bracts, sepals and petals glabrous to densely covered with appressed or erect, simple, up to 1 mm long hairs, bracts, sepals and petals ciliate. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, with one whorl of free or slightly connate, imbricate, sepals and two whorls of free, imbricate, petals, green, creamy or yellow in vivo, often black in sicco; sepals and petals thin at margins, occasionally with prominent venation; sepals three, much smaller than petals; petals six, the outer ones ovate, elliptic or broadly so, the inner ones elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, stamens numerous (ca. 100), spirally arranged, extrorse, inserted on and below a ventral ridge encircling a central depression in the receptacle in which the carpels are inserted, 1–2 mm long, connective appendage transversely rhombic-hexagonal; carpels 20–40, spirally arranged, free, ovary 1-locular, glabrous or hairy, with 1 basal, lateral or apical ovule (reported by Van Heusden 1992), stigma sessile. Fruit apocarpous, monocarps 5–40, stipitate, mostly asymmetrical, sometimes strongly so, sometimes with an (often excentric) apicule, green maturing mostly through red to brown or black in vivo, light brown to black in sicco. Seeds 1, lateral or apical (reported by Van Setten & Koek-Noorman 1992), ellipsoid to globose, yellow to reddish-brown, surface deeply to shallowly pitted, lacking an aril, with a raised or sunken raphe encircling seed longitudinally (diagonally), regularly (or more sinuously), ruminations spiniform. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n34 species in the Neotropics: from southern Costa Rica in the north to Bolivia in the south. Most species are distributed in regions surrounding the Andean mountain range, two in coastal Venezuela (Cremastospermamacrocarpum Maas and C.venezuelanum Pirie), one in French Guiana (C.brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.) and one widespread across Brazil, south of the Amazon River (C.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Distribution map of Cremastosperma showing the four disjunct areas of the distribution: 1 the Chocó/Darién/western Ecuador region north into Central America 2 the tropical Andes (including a rough demarcation between areas occupied by northern/lowland and southern/montane clades) 3 coastal Venezuela 4 French Guiana.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245287.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245287.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_2_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 6–20 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed golden brown hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long. Leaves: petioles 5–9 by 1.5–2 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate, 17–27 by 6–7.5 cm (leaf index 2.7–2.9), chartaceous, patchy blackish-brown with darker primary vein, glabrous, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen ca. 6 mm long), primary vein raised over entire of leaf length, ca. 2 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 9–10, intersecondary veins 3–4, distance between from 5–10 mm at the base to 15–25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 30–40° at the base to 40–50° closer to the apex, not branching, forming indistinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–3 mm, tertiary veins somewhat reticulate. Inflorescence of 1–2 flowers, branching, clustered in groups of up to 2, on leafy and leafless twigs; transition between short axillary shoot and pedicel unclear, combined structure 26–33 by ca. 1.5 mm at the base, ca. 4 mm at the apex (in fruit; only young buds seen), short axillary shoot and pedicels glabrous; 1 lower bract, broadly elliptic, ca. 2 by 1.5 mm, rounded, only present in early bud, glabrous, ciliate; upper bract directly subtending flower in bud, midway along pedicel in fruit, shallowly triamgular, ca. 2 by 3 mm, rounded, glabrous, ciliate; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, blackish-brown in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous and ciliate; mature flowers not seen, flowers reported as greenish-yellow in vivo. Monocarps 6–17, ellipsoid, symmetrical, 19–30 by 15–25 mm, no obvious apicule, black in vivo, blackish-brown in sicco; stipes 10–14 by 1.5 mm at the base increasing to ca. 4 mm at the apex; fruiting receptacle ellipsoid to transverse elipsoid, 6–12 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted to grooved, 15–16 by 10–11 mm, raphe sunken, encircling seed longitudinally, ruminations spiniform. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEcuador (Zamora-Chinchipe), Peru (Cajamarca) https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou. Fruiting specimen (Quizhpe et al. 1088).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245292.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245292.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 2.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_3_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree ca. 5 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed brown hairs up to 0.2 mm long or glabrous. Leaves: petioles 7–10 by 2–3 mm; lamina elliptic, 16–27 by 6–9.5 cm (index 2.3–2.8), chartaceous, drying to a mosaic of brown and lighter green on both sides, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 10–15 mm long), primary vein grooved in the basal half, 1–1.5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 8–11, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 10 mm at the base to 50 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50° at the base to 70° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 3–4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, axillary on leafy twigs or from main trunk, then solitary or clustered in groups of at least two on brachyblasts; peduncles ca. 2 by 1.5 mm (in flower), 2–3 by 1.5–2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 20–28 by ca. 1 mm at the base, 1.5–2 mm at the apex (in flower), 20–40 by ca. 2 mm at the base, ca. 3 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, obtuse, soon falling off; upper bract attached around halfway along pedicel, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, obtuse, outer side of upper and lower bracts rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds not seen; flowers light green, stamens and carpels yellowish or pinkish in vivo, petals dark brown, contrasting to lighter colour of sepals and pedicels in sicco; sepals fused at base, deltate, appressed, 2–2.5 by 2–2.5 mm, acute, soon falling off, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; outer petals elliptic, ca. 12 by 8 mm, inner petals elliptic, 10–12 by 5–6 mm, outer side of outer and inner petals rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; receptacle depressed ovoid; androecium 5–7 mm diam., stamens ca. 1 mm long, connective appendage 0.5–0.7 mm wide, glabrous; gynoecium 1–1.5 mm diam., carpels ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps ca. 10, ellipsoid to broadly so, strongly asymmetrical, 13–14 by 11 mm, orange to deep red, maturing to black in vivo, dark reddish-brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes orange to deep red in vivo, ca. 20 by 1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, ca. 6 mm diam; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown with dark pits each surrounded by a raised rim, ca. 12 by 9 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nColombia (Antioquia). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.\n Cremastospermaantioquense Pirie. a leaf and flower b fruit (aSoejarto 2798bSoejarto 3586).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245293.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245293.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 2.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_4_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 4–15(-20) m tall, 8–25 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long. Leaves: petioles 4–11(–15) by 1.5–3 mm; lamina elliptic to slightly obovate or narrowly so, 17–33 by 5.5–13 cm (index 2.2–3.6), chartaceous, brown/grey green above, darker below, veins on underside dark brown, glabrous above, veins sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long below, base obtuse to acute, apex acuminate (acumen 10–20 mm long), primary vein 1–3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7–11, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 10 mm at the base to up to 60 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45–50° at the base to 55–60° closer to the apex, forming loops in the apical half, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–3 mm, tertiary veins slightly reticulate. Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, axillary on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles ca. 1.5 by 1 mm (in flower), 1.5–3 by 1–2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 27–28 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 35–60 by 1–2 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; single lower bract, broadly elliptic, 1–2 by 1–1.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, outer side densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along the pedicel, broadly elliptic, 1–2.5 by 1–2 mm, obtuse, rather densely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid; flowers green or cream in vivo, blackish in sicco; sepals free, deltate, reflexed (appressed in bud), 2–2.5 by 2–2.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, outer side rather densely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, 10–15 by 8–9 mm, inner petals elliptic, 10–15 by 5–6 mm, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long on the outer side, denser at the base and in a band leading from the base to the apex of the petals; stamens 1–1.5 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels 30–40, 1–2 mm long, sparsely covered with golden, <0.1 mm long hairs. Monocarps 10–12(–20), ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 22–28 by 12–17 mm, brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule or rarely a nipple-like protuberance; stipes 11–24 by 1–1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 3.5–8 mm diam. monocarps, stipes and receptacle very sparsely to sparsely covered with appressed white hairs <0.1 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, asymmetrical, yellow-orange with shallow pits, ca. 19 by 11 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPacific coast of Colombia (Chocó, Nariño) and Ecuador (Carchi, Esmeraldas). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.\n Cremastospermaawaense Pirie. a flower b leaf and fruit (aAulestia 842bVan der Werff 12045).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245295.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245295.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 3.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaawaense Pirie, C.dolichocarpum Pirie, C.magdalenae Pirie, C.napoense Pirie, C.pacificum R.E.Fr. and C.westrae Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_5_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree ca. 8 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 4–7 by 1–2 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate, 11–17 by 4.5–7 cm (leaf index 2.3–2.4), chartaceous, olive green, more greyish above, glabrous, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 8–10 mm long), primary vein raised over entire leaf length, ca. 1 mm wide at widest point, glabrous, secondary veins 5–6, intersecondary veins ca. 1–2, distance between varying along length (15 mm to ca. 25 mm), angles with primary vein from ca.70° at the base to ca.60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 3–4 mm, tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescence of single flowers, axillary; short axillary shoot, ca. 1 by 0.5 mm (in flower), ca. 2 by 1 mm (in fruit); pedicels 21–28 by 1 mm at the base, 2.5 mm at the apex (in flower), ca. 44 by 1–3 mm at the base, ca. 3 mm at the apex (in fruit), short axillary shoot and pedicels glabrous; 2 lower bracts, soon falling off; upper bract attached at between one third and half of the pedicel length, deltate, ca. 1 mm long by ca. 1 mm diam., apex rounded, ciliate; closed flower buds depressed ovoid; flowers creamy white in vivo, dark brown in sicco; sepals connate for ca. 1 mm, deltate, somewhat recurved, 2–2.5 by 2.5–3 mm, rounded, persistent, glabrous; outer petals ovate, 11–13 by 8–9 mm, inner petals elliptic to ovate, 8–12 by 4–5 mm, glabrous, ciliate; receptacle ovoid, apex concave; androecium ca. 3 mm diam., stamens ca. 100, 1.5–2 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels ca. 15, glabrous. Monocarps ca. 13, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 7–9 by 6–7 mm, without apicule, blackish-brown in sicco; stipes ca. 2 by ca. 2 mm; fruiting receptacle elipsoid, 6 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds not seen. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPeru (San Martín). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.\n Cremastospermabrachypodum Pirie & Chatrou. Flowering and fruiting specimen (Woytkowski 7128).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245296.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245296.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_5_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 8.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabrachypodum Pirie & Chatrou, C.pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr.; and C.yamayakatense Pirie.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245352.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245352.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 4–20 m tall, 3–20 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs to 0.2 mm long. Leaves: petioles 4–9(–12) by 1.5–4 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 18–39 by 7–15 cm (index 2–3.5), chartaceous, brown/green with a reddish tinge on both sides (particularly on the veins on the underside), darker above, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to rounded, rarely acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long), primary vein 1.5–3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 9–15, intersecondary veins 0–2, distance between from 5–10 mm at the base to 35 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45–60° at the base to 55–70° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–3 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of 2, on leafless twigs; peduncles 1–2 by 1–2 mm (in flower), 2–5 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed white/yellowish ca. 0.1 mm long hairs; pedicels 15–20 by 1–2 mm at the base (in flower), 18–23 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long or glabrous; 2 lower bracts, deltate, basal to 0.2 mm long, apical 0.3–0.5 mm long, obtuse, mostly persistent, rather densely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; upper bract mostly attached midway along pedicel, deltate to broadly ovate, 1–2 by ca. 1 mm, obtuse or emarginate, sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening in development; flowers green, sometimes tinged with red around margins of petals or creamy yellow in vivo, reddish or dark brown in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals connate for 0.5–1 mm, broadly ovate, recurved, rarely appressed, 3–4[-5] by 3.5–5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic, 12–22 by 7–12 mm, rounded, inner petals narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, 10–24 by 4–7 mm, obtuse; androecium ca. 6 mm diam.; stamens 1.4–1.6 mm long, connective appendage 0.5–0.7 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam.; carpels ca. 25, ca. 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps 7–17, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 11–17 by 9–11 mm, green maturing to red, reddish-brown, dark purple or black in vivo, blackish or reddish-brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes green maturing to red in vivo, 7–14 by 1–1.5(3) mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 4–8 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds broadly ellipsoid to globose, yellowish or orange-brown, slightly pitted, ca. 8 by 7–8 mm, raphe raised within a sunken groove, somewhat irregular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nFrench Guiana, region of Saül and Nouragues. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 12.\n Cremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower buds (aBoom 10812bPrévost 3446).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245299.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245299.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.\n a–bCremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. a flowers (Maas et al. 8064; photo PJMM) b fruit (Mori et al 22721; photo Scott Mori) c–eC.bullatum Pirie c, e Flowering specimen (Pirie et al. 94; photos c MDP e Robin van Velzen) d leaf base showing bullate corrugations of the lamina and long golden indument (Pirie et al. 71; photo: MDP) f, gC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. Flowering specimens (fMaas et al. 9029, photo PJMM gChatrou et al. 224, photo LWC) h–jC.dolichocarpum Pirie. Flowering and fruiting specimen (Pedraza et al. 2146; photos: María F. González).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245301.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245301.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 4.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.; C.gracilipes R.E.Fr.; C.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245298.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245298.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 2–10 m tall; young twigs and petioles densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long. Leaves: petioles 3–7 mm by 2.5–3 mm; lamina elliptic or narrowly so to slightly obovate, 17–28 by 6–11 cm (index 2.4–3.5), chartaceous, mid-brown, occasionally slightly grey above (immature leaves drying black), sparsely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long or glabrous above, densely so on edge of lamina and on all veins below, base rounded to subcordate, apex acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long), primary, secondary and tertiary veins sunken in depressions in leaf surface, primary vein 1.5–2 mm wide at widest point, densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long above and below, secondary veins 15–20 (intersecondary veins rare), distance between from 6 mm at the base to 16 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein consistently around 60–70°, occasionally branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–1.5 mm; tertiary veins mostly percurrent. Inflorescences of single, successively produced, flowers, axillary on leafy branches, on leafless branches and produced from the main trunk (then on brachyblasts); peduncles and pedicels sparsely to rather densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long, peduncles 17–20 by 1–1.5 mm (in flower), 18–25 by 1.5 mm (in fruit); pedicels up to 120 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 110–150 by 1.5 mm (in fruit); bracts densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long, single lower bract, elliptic to ovate, ca. 2.5 by 1 mm, acute, persistent or falling off; upper bract within central third of pedicel length, elliptic to ovate, 2–3 by 1–2 mm, acute; flower buds depressed ovoid, developing to ovoid before opening; flowers green, maturing to yellow with a basal orange patch on the outside of the outer petals in vivo, golden brown in sicco, outer sides and apical portion of the inner sides of petals and outer sides of sepals densely covered in appressed golden hairs up to 1 mm long, inner sides otherwise glabrous; sepals basally connate, deltate, 5–7 by 6 mm, acute, soon falling off, outer petals broadly ovate, ca. 18 by 15 mm, inner petals ovate, concave, ca. 25 by 12 mm; androecium ca. 5 mm diam., stamens 1–1.5 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.5 mm wide; gynoecium [ca. 2.5] mm diam., glabrous. Monocarps 8–10, dark brown in sicco, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, ca. 15 by 11 mm, often with an excentric apicule; stipes 14–16 by 1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 5–6 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to moderately densely covered with erect golden hairs up to 0.2 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, ca.13 by 10 mm, raphe raised, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEcuador (Morona-Santiago) and Peru (Amazonas). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 12.\n Cremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower buds (aBoom 10812bPrévost 3446).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245299.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245299.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.\n a–bCremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. a flowers (Maas et al. 8064; photo PJMM) b fruit (Mori et al 22721; photo Scott Mori) c–eC.bullatum Pirie c, e Flowering specimen (Pirie et al. 94; photos c MDP e Robin van Velzen) d leaf base showing bullate corrugations of the lamina and long golden indument (Pirie et al. 71; photo: MDP) f, gC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. Flowering specimens (fMaas et al. 9029, photo PJMM gChatrou et al. 224, photo LWC) h–jC.dolichocarpum Pirie. Flowering and fruiting specimen (Pedraza et al. 2146; photos: María F. González).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245301.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245301.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 5.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabullatum Pirie; C.cauliflorum R.E.Fr.; C.cenepense Pirie & Zapata; and C.longicuspe R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245300.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245300.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 2–20 m tall, 4–25 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to rather densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.5 mm long. Leaves: petioles 4–12(–16) by 2–4(–6) mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, (14–)20–61 by 5–14(–22) cm (index 2.3–3.7), chartaceous, olive/brown green above, darker below, glabrous above except for base of primary vein sparsely covered with appressed or erect hairs to 0.3 mm long, base, primary and secondary veins sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.5 mm long below, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5–45 mm long), primary vein verrucose (particularly at the base), deeply grooved for most of length, 1.5–3.5(–5) mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (6–)10–17, occasionally 1–2 intersecondary veins, distance between from 4 mm at the base to up to 40 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45–70° at the base to 45–60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–5 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of 1–5 flowers, branching, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 7, on thick leafless twigs or on main trunk (then often on brachyblasts); peduncles 3–12(–15) by 1–1.5(–3) mm (in flower), 3–15 by 1–3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 10–45 by 1–3 mm at the base (in flower), 15–45 by 1–3 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs ca. 0.3 mm long, often with hairs more densely covering the articulation point between shoot and pedicel; single lower bract (from the axil of which short shoots develop bearing new flowers), deltate, 1.5–2 mm long, acute, soon falling off, densely covered with mostly appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, broadly to very broadly ovate or deltate, 2–4 mm long, obtuse or acute, outer side densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening in development; flowers (pale) green, creamy white, greenish-yellow or yellow in vivo, brownish-yellow or brown with orange, dark brown or black base in sicco, outer side of sepals and petals densely covered with erect or appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long, inner side of sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with erect hairs to 0.4 mm long or glabrous, base glabrous; sepals free, broadly to very broadly ovate-deltate, mostly recurved, 3–5 by 4–6 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, 10–25(–32) by 9–17 mm, inner petals elliptic, 11–21(–32) by 6–11 mm; androecium 7–10 mm diam., stamens 1.5–2 mm long, connective appendage 0.7–1 mm wide; gynoecium 2–3 mm diam., carpels ca. 40, 2–2.3 mm long, sparsely to rather densely covered with mostly appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. Monocarps 9–41, globose to transversely broadly ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 8–13 by 10–14 mm, green maturing to orange, red, brown and black in vivo, blackish-brown or brown in sicco, sometimes with an apicule at or near the apex; stipes 7–23(–32) by 1–2 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 4–11 mm diam; monocarps, stipes and receptacle rather densely covered with erect golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. Seeds broadly ellipsoid to globose, orange, pitted, 9–10 by 9–10 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nAmazonian Colombia (Amazonas, Putamayo), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, Sucumbíos), Peru (Loreto) and Brazil (Acre, Amazonas). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Fruits and seeds of Cremastosperma. Adapted from plate 8 from van Setten & Koek-Noorman (1992). aCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. b, eC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. cC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. dC.macrocarpum Maas fC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. (aBrandbyge & Asanza C. 30017b, ePrance et al. 24094cGentry et al. 32153dWingfield & van der Werff 6751fSperling et al. 6198).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245285.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245285.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.\n a–bCremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. a flowers (Maas et al. 8064; photo PJMM) b fruit (Mori et al 22721; photo Scott Mori) c–eC.bullatum Pirie c, e Flowering specimen (Pirie et al. 94; photos c MDP e Robin van Velzen) d leaf base showing bullate corrugations of the lamina and long golden indument (Pirie et al. 71; photo: MDP) f, gC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. Flowering specimens (fMaas et al. 9029, photo PJMM gChatrou et al. 224, photo LWC) h–jC.dolichocarpum Pirie. Flowering and fruiting specimen (Pedraza et al. 2146; photos: María F. González).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245301.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245301.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 15.\n Cremastospermacauliflorum R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b inflorescence (aPrance et al. 24094bVasquez & N. Jaramillo 11423).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245303.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245303.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8_p_4 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 5.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabullatum Pirie; C.cauliflorum R.E.Fr.; C.cenepense Pirie & Zapata; and C.longicuspe R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245300.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245300.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_9_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree ca. 10 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely (axillary buds densely) covered with appressed golden hairs ca. 0.1 mm long. Leaves: petioles 4–7 by 1–2 mm; lamina elliptic to narrowly so, 12–22 by 4–8 cm (index 2.7–3), chartaceous, grey-yellow green above, light brown or yellowish-green below, glabrous on both sides, base cordate to subcordate, apex acuminate (acumen 8–10 mm long), primary vein 1–1.5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7–12, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 2–5 mm at the base to 15–25(35) mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 80–90° at the base to 50–60° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–5 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, axillary on leafy twigs; peduncles ca. 2 by 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels ca. 8 by 2 mm at the base (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; 2 lower bracts, soon falling off; upper bract attached midway along pedicel, soon falling off; closed flower buds and flowers not observed. Monocarps 8–10, blackish-brown in sicco, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetric, 14–15 by 9–11 mm, with an excentric apicule; stipes 7–8 mm by ca. 1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 4–7 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs ca. 0.1 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, golden brown shallowly wrinkled (immature), ca. 12 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_9_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPeru (Amazonas, in the area of the Cenepa River, a tributary of the Marañon River). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_9_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 16.\n Cremastospermacenepense Pirie & Zapata. a fruiting twig b leaf base c fruit (a, cRojas 269; bKayap 1078).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245304.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245304.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_9_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 5.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabullatum Pirie; C.cauliflorum R.E.Fr.; C.cenepense Pirie & Zapata; and C.longicuspe R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245300.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245300.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_10_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree ca. 5 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 5–8 by 1.5–2 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic, 11–20 by 4–5.5 cm (index 3.7–4), chartaceous, dark/olive brown, shiny above, lighter pinkish-brown, matt below, glabrous above and below, base acute to cuneate, apex acuminate (acumen 7–10 mm long), primary vein ca. 1 mm wide at widest point, verrucose below, secondary veins 8–10, no intersecondary veins, distance between from 5 mm at the base to 30 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from ca. 60° at the base to 60–70° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2.5–3.5 mm, tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of at least two, on brachyblasts on the main trunk; peduncles, 2–3 by 1–1.5 mm (in fruit); pedicels 38–42 by 1 mm at the base, 1 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels glabrous; lower bract(s) not observed; upper bract attached within basal half of pedicel, ovate, ca. 1 by 0.7 mm, obtuse, glabrous; flowers not observed. Monocarps 10–13, ellipsoid, strongly asymmetrical (stipes inserted within basal half of longest axis), 13–14 by 10–11 mm, with an excentric, to 0.2 mm long, apicule, green maturing through red to dark blue in vivo, dark brown in sicco; stipes 15–18 by ca. 1 mm increasing to 1.5 diam. when mature; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 4–5 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, pitted, 9–11 by 6–8 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_10_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPacific coast of Colombia (Chocó). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_10_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 17.\n Cremastospermachococola Pirie. a leaf and fruit (Gentry & Forero 7286).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245305.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245305.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_10_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 2.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_11_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub 3–8 m tall, 3–20 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.3 mm long. Leaves: petioles 7–10 by 1.5–3 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 10–28(–34) by 7–10(–12) cm (index 1.9–3.5), chartaceous to coriaceous, green (or greenish-brown), darker above, lighter or more brown with darker or reddish veins below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.3 mm long particularly on veins below, base acute to obtuse (rarely rounded), apex acuminate (acumen 6–20 mm long), primary vein 1.5–3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7–10, intersecondary veins 0–1, distance between from 11–20 mm at the base to 12–32 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 70–80° at the base to 40–50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, mostly forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–5 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent. Inflorescence of single (very rarely branching) flowers, solitary, axillary on leafy or leafless twigs or thicker branches; peduncles (1-)3–5 by 1–2 mm (in flower), 3–9 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), rather densely covered with appressed to erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; pedicels 20–45(–70) by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 22–80 by 1–2.5 mm (in fruit), pink, purple or reddish in vivo, glabrous; 2 lower bracts of unequal dimensions, basal lower bract depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, sometimes persistent, densely covered with appressed to erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long, apical lower bract elliptic, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, sometimes persistent, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed to erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, (broadly) ovate, 1.5–2 by ca. 1–1.5 mm, obtuse or rounded, persistent, sparsely covered with appressed to erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening in development; flowers green maturing to yellow or white and yellowish at base in vivo, dark to yellowish light brown sometimes tinged with red, darker at the base in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, deltate to triangular, appressed to recurved, ca. 3 by 2–3 mm, acute or obtuse, soon falling off or sometimes briefly persistent; outer petals elliptic, 14–17 by 6–8 mm, inner petals elliptic to narrowly so, 16–17 by 5–7 mm; androecium ca. 6 mm diam., connective appendage to 0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.5 mm diam., carpels glabrous. Monocarps 10–25(–32), ellipsoid (broadly so when immature), slightly asymmetrical, 8–12 by 6–8 mm, green maturing to greenish-purple and brown in vivo, light to dark brown or blackish in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes 8–13 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4–10 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, light brown, shallowly pitted, ca. 11 by 6 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_11_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nBolivia (La Paz), Peru (Cuzco, Madre de Dios). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_11_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 18.\n Cremastospermaconfusum Pirie. a fruiting and flowering specimen b flower (aSmith, S. et al. 1578bSmith, S. et al. 794).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245307.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245307.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_11_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 6.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaconfusum Pirie, C.leiophyllum R.E.Fr.; and C.oblongum R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245306.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245306.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 6–18 m tall, 15–22 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long. Leaves: petioles 3–6 by 1.5–2 mm, often with warts extending up primary vein; axillary buds densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 14–24.5 by 6–10 cm (index 1.6–3.1), chartaceous to subcoriaceous, mid-dark brown above, lighter below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long (particularly on veins) below, base obtuse-acute (narrowly cuneate), apex acuminate (acumen 5–15 mm long), primary vein not conspicuously grooved, 1–2 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (5–)7–9(–11), intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 5 mm at the base to 30 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein 40–50° at the base to 50–70° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops in the apical half-two thirds, smallest distance between loops and margin 1.5–4 mm, tertiary veins percurrent with significant reticulation. Inflorescences of single flowers solitary or clustered in groups of 2 (or more), produced from leafy twigs or leafless branches; peduncles of two internodes, the second 1.2–4 by 1 mm (in flower), approx. 2 by 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 28–47 by 1 mm at the base, 1–1.5 mm at the apex (in flower), 40–55 by 1.5–2 mm at the base, 2–2.5 mm at the apex (in fruit); peduncles and pedicels rather densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long; two lower bracts (one on each internode), the apical one persisting later into flowering, 1–1.5 by 0.7–1 mm, broadly ovate, obtuse, soon falling off, rather densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long; upper bract broadly to narrowly ovate, 1–3.5 by 1–2 mm, obtuse, persistent, densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid; flowers green maturing to yellow in vivo, brown outside and black inside in sicco; sepals free, ovate, appressed, 3–4 mm long, obtuse, occasionally persistent on less mature fruit, densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long; outer petals ovate to broadly so, 10–15 by 9–11 mm, inner petals ovate, 10–16 by 7–8 mm densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long; receptacle ovoid to depressed ovoid; androecium 3–5 mm diam., stamens 1–1.2 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1 mm wide; gynoecium 1.5–2 mm diam., carpels 0.5–0.6 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps 10–20 (fully ripe fruit not observed), black in sicco, ellipsoid or narrowly so, 27–28 by 11–12 mm, with an excentric apicule (obvious only in immature fruit); stipes 17–19 by 1.5–2 mm; fruiting receptacle broadly ovoid, 4–5 mm diam.; monocarps and stipes sparsely covered with golden appressed hairs <0.1mm long or glabrous, receptacle often sparsely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid to narrowly so, ca. 17 by 7 mm, dark brown and wrinkled, raphe sunken, encircling seed diagonally. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nColombia (Antioquia, northern and western foothills of the Cordillera Occidental; one specimen potentially representing the species from Riseralda [Betancur & al. 33011]). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.\n a–bCremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. a flowers (Maas et al. 8064; photo PJMM) b fruit (Mori et al 22721; photo Scott Mori) c–eC.bullatum Pirie c, e Flowering specimen (Pirie et al. 94; photos c MDP e Robin van Velzen) d leaf base showing bullate corrugations of the lamina and long golden indument (Pirie et al. 71; photo: MDP) f, gC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. Flowering specimens (fMaas et al. 9029, photo PJMM gChatrou et al. 224, photo LWC) h–jC.dolichocarpum Pirie. Flowering and fruiting specimen (Pedraza et al. 2146; photos: María F. González).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245301.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245301.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 19.\n Cremastospermadolichocarpum Pirie. a flower b leaf and fruit (aCallejas 3110bSánchez 415).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245308.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245308.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 3.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaawaense Pirie, C.dolichocarpum Pirie, C.magdalenae Pirie, C.napoense Pirie, C.pacificum R.E.Fr. and C.westrae Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_13_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrub ca. 3 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long when very young, soon completely glabrous. Leaves: petioles 5–12 by 2–3 mm; lamina narrowly oblong-elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 22–38 by 11–16 cm (index 2–3), coriaceous, greyish above, brownish below, upper side glabrous, lower side glabrous except for some scattered hairs along primary nerve, base obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen ca. 10 mm long), extreme tip obtuse, primary vein raised over all of its length, 2–3 mm wide at widest point, glabrous, secondary veins 10–14, intersecondary veins absent, distance between from 8–10 mm at the base to 40 mm in the centre to 10 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50–55° at the base to 45–50° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–4 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, on older branches or potentially cauliflorous; combined short axillary shoot and pedicel 170–260 by 0.5–1 mm at the base, 2 mm at the apex (in flower), 250–260 mm by 0.5–1 mm at the base, ca. 2 mm at the apex (in fruit), short axillary shoot and pedicels glabrous; 1 lower bract, broadly triangular, ca. 1.5 by 2 mm, obtuse, persistent, glabrous but margins densely covered with brown hairs ca. 1 mm long; upper bract attached at ca. 1/3 from base, broadly triangular, ca. 1.5 by 2 mm, obtuse, glabrous, ciliate; closed flower buds not seen; flowers yellow tinged red in vivo, dark brown in sicco, glabrous; sepals free, depressed ovate, patent to reflexed, ca. 2 by 3.5 mm, obtuse, persistent, glabrous but margins covered with hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; petals grooved at base, outer petals narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, 25–30 by 7–10 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, 7–10 by 3–4 mm, glabrous; receptacle broadly oblongoid; intact androecium not observed, stamens 2–2.5 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1× 0.2 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 4 mm diam., carpels ca. 25, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps ca. 3, ellipsoid, obtuse, symmetrical, 20–22 by 15 mm, no obvious apicule, distally green to proximally reddish in vivo, blackish in sicco; stipes 19–21 by 1 to 2 mm subtending monocarp; fruiting receptacle oblongoid, ca. 5 mm diam., glabrous; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds not seen. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_13_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPeru (Pasco). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_13_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 20.\n Cremastospermadolichopodum Pirie & Maas. Fruiting specimen (Rojas & Ortíz 6486).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245310.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245310.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_13_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 2.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub 0.5–10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed brown hairs to 0.4 mm long. Leaves: petioles 2–8 by 1–2.5 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 11–28 by 3–10 cm (index 2–4(–4.7)), chartaceous, (pale) greyish- or brownish-green on both sides, often more greyish above, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse or rounded, apex caudate (cusp 10–35 mm long), primary vein lightly grooved for basal third, 1–1.5 mm wide at widest point, more or less verrucose below, secondary veins 8–17, often 1–3 intersecondary veins, distance between from ca. 5 mm at the base to up to 25(-30) mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein rather variable, from 45–80° at the base to 60–80° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–6.5 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, on leafy twigs; peduncles 1–4 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 2–5 by 1.5–2 mm (in fruit); pedicels (12–)15–25 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 14–30 by 1–1.5 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely covered with more or less erect brown hairs 0.2 mm long; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, soon falling off, rather densely covered with more or less erect brown hairs 0.2 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along the pedicel, ovate or broadly so, 1–3 by ca. 1 mm, obtuse or acute, outer side sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening loosely in development; flowers green to greenish-yellow, pale yellow or cream in vivo, dark brown with a lighter brown calyx in sicco, outer sides of sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with erect or appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long, inner sides glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long (or inner petals papillate); sepals free, broadly ovate to deltate, recurved, 3–4 by 2.5–4 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals (broadly) elliptic to ovate, 9–15 by 7–12 mm, inner petals elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 8–16 by 4–7 mm; androecium ca. 5 mm diam., stamens 1.2–1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.7–0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels ca. 25, ca. 2.2 mm long, sparsely covered with erect golden hairs 0.1 mm long. Monocarps 3–23, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 10–15 by 7–9 mm, with an excentric apicule, green maturing to pink or yellow through to red, purple and black in vivo, reddish or dark brown in sicco; stipes green maturing to pink or yellow to red in vivo, 7–17 by 1–1.5 mm, increasing to 3 mm diam. when mature; fruiting receptacle 3–8 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to rather densely covered with erect whitish hairs 0.1 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, 5–8 by 3.5–6 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nAmazonian Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Putamayo), Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza) and Peru (Loreto). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Flowers of Cremastosperma. Fig. 11 from van Heusden (1992). aC.microcarpum: longitudinal section bC.oblongum R.E.Fr.: longitudinal section cC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.: bud dC.gracilipes R.E.Fr.: flower e, fC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr.: longitudinal section (e) and stamen (f) gC.microcarpum: carpel (aMaas et al. 6281bMaas et al. 4592cNelson 763dLuteyn et al. 4890e, fHolm-Nielsen et al. 21501gPrance et al. 3527).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245284.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245284.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 21.\n Cremastospermagracilipes R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (aHurtado 3019bPalacios 1651).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245312.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245312.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 4.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.; C.gracilipes R.E.Fr.; C.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245298.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245298.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrub or tree 3–20 m tall, 3–18 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 4–12 by 1–3(–4) mm; lamina obovate to elliptic or narrowly so, 12–28 by 4–9(–12) cm (index 2–3.9), chartaceous, often green or greenish-brown above and below, more greyish above with darker or reddish veins, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5–15 mm long), primary vein 1.5–3 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 7–13, intersecondary veins 1–6, distance between from 14–24 mm at the base to 10–25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60–80° at the base to 40–50° closer to the apex, not branching forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–4(–6) mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 4, on older, leafless twigs; peduncles 1–2 by 1–2 mm (in flower), 2–4 by 1.5–3 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed golden <0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; pedicels 18–34 by 1–1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 18–34(–43) by 1–3 mm (in fruit), glabrous; 1–3 lower bracts, depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, glabrous; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, ovate to broadly so, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening early in development; flowers green maturing to yellow or creamy yellow in vivo, dark yellow, reddish-brown or dark brown in sicco; sepals free, very broadly ovate-triangular, recurved, 2–3 by 2–3 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, sepals and petals glabrous; outer petals elliptic, 12–15 by 8–11 mm, rounded, inner petals elliptic, 13–15 by 6–8 mm; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., pinkish in vivo, stamens 1.4–1.8 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels 2–2.2 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous, monocarps 6–30, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 14–17 by 8–9 mm, green maturing to yellow, orange-red and red in vivo, black (reddish-brown when immature) in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes 16–26 by 1–1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 4–9 mm diam. Seeds ellipsoid, light brown, pitted ca. 12 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nBolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 22.\n Cremastospermaleiophyllum R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (a, bSeidel & Schulte 2265)\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245314.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245314.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n a, bCremastospermaleiophyllum R.E.Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, dCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e–gC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h–jC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, lC.oblongum R.E.Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m–oC.osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 6.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaconfusum Pirie, C.leiophyllum R.E.Fr.; and C.oblongum R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245306.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245306.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_16_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub 1.5–20 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed whitish or golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. Leaves: petioles 4–14 by 1–3 mm; lamina elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 10–27 by 3–11 cm (index 1.5–5), chartaceous, green or greyish-green above, green or brownish-green below, glabrous above, very sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long particularly on veins below, base acute, rarely obtuse, apex caudate (cusp 20–35 mm long), primary vein 1–2 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7–15, intersecondary veins 0–1(–4), distance between from 7–15 mm at the base to 9–18 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60–80° at the base to 40–50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers solitary (or clustered in groups of 2), on leafy twigs; peduncles 2–5 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 4–10 by 1–2 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; pedicels 10–14 by 1–1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 11–20 by 1–2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long or glabrous; 2 lower bracts of unequal dimensions, basal lower bract deltate, ca. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, acute, soon falling off, apical lower bract narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.5 by 0.5 mm, rounded, soon falling off, lower bracts sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; upper bract attached near base or midway along pedicel, ovate, ca. 2 by ca. 1 mm, acute, sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds not seen, buds opening loosely in development; flowers yellowish in vivo, brown in sicco; sepals free, deltate, appressed or recurved, 3–4 by 3–4 mm, acute, soon falling off, sepals and petals glabrous; outer petals broadly elliptic, 10–12 by 9–12 mm, inner petals broadly elliptic, ca. 11 by 10 mm; androecium not seen; gynoecium not seen. Monocarps 6–13(–36), ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 12–13 by 8–10 mm, white, red, deep red or deep purple in vivo, reddish-brown to dark brown or black in sicco, with an excentric apicule when unripe; stipes 10–19 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4–5(–9) mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, orange or reddish-brown, 8–9 by 5–6 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_16_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEcuador (Napo); Peru (Loreto, San Martín), most collections found in the basin of the Río Huallaga. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_16_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 24.\n Cremastospermalongicuspe R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (avan der Werff 10161bPoeppig s.n.).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245367.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245367.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_16_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 5.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabullatum Pirie; C.cauliflorum R.E.Fr.; C.cenepense Pirie & Zapata; and C.longicuspe R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245300.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245300.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_17_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 4.5–15 m tall; young twigs and petioles black, verrucose, sparsely to rather densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long. Leaves: petioles 10–15 mm long, 2.5–7 mm diam.; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 35–60 by 10–25 cm (leaf index 2.3–3), chartacous to subcoriacous, olive/dark brown above, lighter below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long on veins below (densely so developing leaves), base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 10–15 mm long), primary vein deeply grooved in basal half, 2–6 mm wide at widest point; secondary veins 10–16, intersecondary veins rare, distance between from 10 mm at the base to 80 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein 45° at the base to 60–70° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops in the apical half to third of the leaf, smallest distance between loops and margin 3–4 mm; tertiary veins mainly percurrent. Inflorescences of single, pendulous flowers, produced from leafless branches; peduncles 5–8 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), ca. 4 by 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 90 (less mature) – 210 by 1 mm at the base, 1.5 at the apex (in flower), ca. 240 by 2 mm at the base, 3 mm at the apex (in fruit); peduncles and pedicels sparsely to rather densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; single lower bract, broadly elliptic, 1–2 by ca. 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; upper bract attached on lower half of pedicel, elliptic, 1.5–3 by ca. 1 mm, acute, densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; closed flower buds not seen; flowers green (immature) in vivo, medium brown in sicco; sepals free, triangular to broadly trullate, appressed, 3–4.5 mm long, acute, soon falling off, rather densely to densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; outer petals elliptic, ca. 22 by 12 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic, ca. 22 by 6 mm, sparsely to rather densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; stamens ca. 1.2 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1 mm wide. Monocarps ca. 20, black in sicco, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, ca. 20 by 12 mm, without an apicule; stipes ca. 25 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle ovoid, 8 mm diam.; monocarps and stipes glabrous, receptacle sparsely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, 18–20 by 8–9 mm, orange/brown, with many shallow pits, raphe slightly raised, encircling seed longitudinally. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_17_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPacific coast of Colombia (Chocó, Riseralda) and Ecuador (Esmeraldas). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_17_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 25.\n Cremastospermalongipes Pirie. a monocarp (with stipe) and seeds b leaf, flower and flower bud (aFernández 8872bForero et al. 6576).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245320.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245320.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_17_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 2.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 5–10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 3–10 by 1–3 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 10–30 by 4–9(12) cm (index 2.3–3.7), chartaceous, green, brownish-green or brown on both sides, darker above, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate (acumen 5–10 mm long), primary vein grooved in basal half, 1–2 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 6–12, intersecondary veins 1–2, distance between from 7–15 mm at the base to 7–23 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60–80° at the base to 45–60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–5 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, on leafy twigs; peduncles ca. 1 by 0.5–1 mm (in flower), 1–2 by 1–2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered in appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; pedicels 35–45 by 0.5–1 mm at the base up to 2.5 mm at the apex (in flower), 40–65 by 1–1.5 mm at the base up to 5 mm at the apex (in fruit), glabrous; single lower bract, depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, rounded, soon falling off, rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long; upper bract at or near base of pedicel, ovate, ca. 1.5 by 0.8 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers pale greenish-yellow with green base or cream-coloured in vivo, black in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, broadly to depressed ovate, recurved, 1.5–2 by 1.5–2 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals ovate, 11–14 by 8–9 mm, obtuse, inner petals obovate, 15–16 by ca. 7 mm, obtuse; androecium ca. 6.5 mm diam., gynoecium not seen. Monocarps 7–18, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 18–24 by 12–14 mm, very small strongly excentric apicule, green maturing to yellowish-brown, brown or purple-black in vivo, reddish-brown or dark brown in sicco; stipes 7–14 by ca. 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 5–8 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, ca. 20 by 8 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nVenezuela (Carabobo, Falcón, Yaracuy). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Fruits and seeds of Cremastosperma. Adapted from plate 8 from van Setten & Koek-Noorman (1992). aCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. b, eC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. cC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. dC.macrocarpum Maas fC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. (aBrandbyge & Asanza C. 30017b, ePrance et al. 24094cGentry et al. 32153dWingfield & van der Werff 6751fSperling et al. 6198).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245285.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245285.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 26.\n Cremastospermamacrocarpum Maas. a fruiting specimen b flower (a, bvan der Werff & Vera, Flora Falcón 937).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245322.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245322.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 9.\n Distribution of C.macrocarpum Maas; and C.venezuelanum Pirie.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245360.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245360.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_19_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 3–7 m tall; young twigs glabrous. Leaves: petioles 6–14 mm long, 2–3 mm diam.; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 20–28 by 7–9 cm (index 2.5–3.1), chartaceous to subcoriaceous, olive to more lime green or brown above, darker below, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5–10 mm long), primary vein deeply grooved in basal 1/2 – 3/4, occasionally verrucose below, ca. 2 mm wide at widest point, glabrous, secondary veins 9–14, often 2 or 3 intersecondary veins, distance between from 4–5 mm at the base to 20–35 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 40–50° at the base to 70–80° closer to the apex, occasionally branching, occasionally forming more or less indistinct loops in the apical half, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–4 mm, tertiary veins rather reticulate. Inflorescences of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of two, axillary on leafy twigs; peduncles 2–3 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels ca. 7 by 1 mm at the base, 1.5 mm at the apex (in flower), 16–20 by 1.5–2 mm at the base, ca. 3 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels glabrous, two lower bracts, the apical one depressed triangular, ca. 1.5 by 2 mm, acute, persistent, glabrous, upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, broadly ovate to deltate, 0.5–2.5 by 1–2.5 mm, actute to obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers in vivo immature light green, black in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals fused for basal 1 mm, broadly to very broadly ovate, appressed, (2–) 5–7 by (2–)–5 mm, acute, mostly persistent, outer petals elliptic, ca. 12 by 7 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic, ca. 12 by 5 m; androecium 2.5–2.7 mm diam., stamens ca. 0.7 mm long, connective appendage 0.3–0.4 mm wide. Monocarps 20–30, globose, symmetrical, 12–13 by 12–13 mm, green maturing to red in vivo, black in sicco, with a slightly excentric, 0.25 mm long apicule; stipes (immature) 9–10 by 1–1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 7–9 mm diam. (only immature fruits seen); monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds globose, shallowly pitted with a papery outer layer, ca. 13 by 11 mm, orange-brown, raphe neither raised nor sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_19_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nColombia (Antioquia, west side of the Magdalena valley). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_19_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 27.\n Cremastospermamagdalenae Pirie. a flower b fruiting twig and cross section of seed (aHernandez 251bEscobar & Folsom 3309).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245324.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245324.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_19_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 3.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaawaense Pirie, C.dolichocarpum Pirie, C.magdalenae Pirie, C.napoense Pirie, C.pacificum R.E.Fr. and C.westrae Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub 3–15 m tall, 2–15(–35) cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 5–22 by 1.5–9 mm; lamina obovate to elliptic or narrowly so, 13–57 by 3–26 cm (index 2–5.1), chartaceous to coriaceous, shiny on both sides, secondary veins often impressed above (giving slightly bullate appearance), (dark) greyish-green or brown above, more brown or green below, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to rounded, rarely acute or decurrent, apex acuminate (acumen (5-)10–30 mm long), primary vein conspicuously grooved in basal half, 1–5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (5–)8–21, intersecondary veins often 1–2(–3), distance between from 5–25 mm at the base to 9–35(–43) mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from (30–)45–70(–80)° at the base to (30–)40–75° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–5 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 3, on leafy or leafless twigs or on the main trunk; short axillary shoot, 4–7(–8) by 0.7–1 mm (in flower), 4–10 by 1.5–4 mm (in fruit), glabrous or sparsely covered with whitish appressed hairs to 0.1 mm long; pedicels 10–20(–32) by ca. 1 mm at the base, up to 2(–2.5) mm at the apex (in flower), 15–30(–40) by 1.5–3 mm at the base, up to 4 mm at the apex (in fruit), glabrous; 3 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 by 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, sparsely covered with whitish appressed hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; upper bract attached in apical half of pedicel, broadly ovate, 1–3 by 1–2 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening loosely in development; flowers green maturing to yellow in vivo, black in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free or connate for 1 mm, broadly ovate to triangular, appressed, open and conspicuous whilst petals still closed in young buds, 4–6 by 4–6 mm, obtuse to acute, sometimes briefly or partly persistent; outer petals broadly elliptic, 11–18 by 9–15 mm, obtuse, inner petals obovate, 10–16 by 5–7 mm, obtuse; androecium diam. unknown, stamens 1.3–1.8 mm long, connective appendage 0.7–1 mm wide; gynoecium diam. unknown, carpels 1.5–2 mm long. Monocarps 6–32, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, (slightly) asymmetrical, 12–20 by 9–14 mm, green maturing to yellow, orange, purple and black in vivo, reddish or dark brown or black in sicco, often with an excentric apicule; stipes 10–30 by 1–2 mm; fruiting receptacle 3–12 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, reddish-orange, pitted, ca. 12 by 9–10 mm, raphe raised (more so when seeds immature), regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nAmazonian Colombia (Caquetá, Putamayo), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, Sucumbíos, Zamora-Chinchipe) and Peru (Amazonas, Loreto). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Fruits and seeds of Cremastosperma. Adapted from plate 8 from van Setten & Koek-Noorman (1992). aCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. b, eC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. cC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. dC.macrocarpum Maas fC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. (aBrandbyge & Asanza C. 30017b, ePrance et al. 24094cGentry et al. 32153dWingfield & van der Werff 6751fSperling et al. 6198).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245285.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245285.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n a, bCremastospermaleiophyllum R.E.Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, dCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e–gC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h–jC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, lC.oblongum R.E.Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m–oC.osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 28.\n Cremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower buds (aZuleta 175bPalacios 3270).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245328.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245328.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20_p_4 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 7.\n Distribution of Cremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr.; C.microcarpum R.E.Fr.; C.pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr.; and C.peruvianum R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245326.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245326.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub 2–20 m tall, 2.5–18.5 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to rather densely covered with appressed and/or erect white or golden hairs 0.3–0.4 mm long. Leaves: petioles 2–12 by 1.5–3 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic or narrowly obovate, 13–31 by 4–12 cm (index 1.8–3.8(–4.8)), chartaceous, green, greyish- or brownish-green or brown on both sides, shiny above, venation below often yellowish, glabrous above, glabrous to rather densely covered with appressed or erect white hairs to 0.2 mm long at the base and on primary and secondary veins below, base acute to obtuse, rarely rounded or narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate (acumen 10–40 mm long), primary vein 1–2 mm wide at widest point, more or less verrucose on both sides, lightly grooved for around half of length, secondary veins 7–15, often 1–4 intersecondary veins, distance between from ca. 5 mm at the base to ca. 20 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein mostly from 45–60° at the base to 60–80° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–7 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 3, on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles (3–)5–15 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 4–15 by 1–2 mm (in fruit); pedicels (5–)12–24 by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 10–25 by 1–2 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect whitish hairs to 0.3 mm long; 1 to several lower bract(s), the basal-most small and scale-like, those more apical mostly (long) elliptic, occasionally leaf-like, 2–6(–60) by ca. 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, rather densely covered with appressed white hairs to 0.3 mm long; upper bract attached mostly on the basal half of the pedicel, ovate to deltate, 1.5–2.5 by 1–1.5 mm, obtuse or acute, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; closed flower buds very broadly to depressed ovoid, opening loosely in development; flowers green, maturing to brown, (pale) yellow, cream or white outside, cream or yellow inside, sepals green or dark brown outside, green with a pink base inside in vivo, pale (orange-) brown or brown with dark or reddish-brown base in sicco, sepals and petals rather densely to densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs (whitish close to the edges) to 0.3 mm long; sepals free or connate for 0.5 mm, broadly ovate to deltate, not reflexed, 3–4[-6] by 2.5–4[-6] mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals ovate to very broadly ovate, rounded, 11–18[-19] by 10–17 mm, inner petals elliptic to (narrowly) obovate, obtuse, 10–16[-22] by 5–8[-10] mm; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., stamens 1.3–1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.6–0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam., carpels 2–2.5[-2.9] long, sparsely covered with erect whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long. Monocarps (8-)17–33, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 8–11 by 6–8 mm, often with an oblique longitudinal groove corresponding to the seed raphe, green maturing to pink or orange through purple or brownish-red, brown and black in vivo, dark or reddish-brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule, monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to rather densely covered with erect whitish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; stipes 8–16 by 1 mm; fruiting receptacle 4–8 mm diam. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, orange brown, pitted, 6–8 by 5–6 mm, raphe sunken, somewhat irregular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nAmazonian Colombia (Amazonas), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto) and Brazil (Amazonas). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Flowers of Cremastosperma. Fig. 11 from van Heusden (1992). aC.microcarpum: longitudinal section bC.oblongum R.E.Fr.: longitudinal section cC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.: bud dC.gracilipes R.E.Fr.: flower e, fC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr.: longitudinal section (e) and stamen (f) gC.microcarpum: carpel (aMaas et al. 6281bMaas et al. 4592cNelson 763dLuteyn et al. 4890e, fHolm-Nielsen et al. 21501gPrance et al. 3527).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245284.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245284.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Fruits and seeds of Cremastosperma. Adapted from plate 8 from van Setten & Koek-Noorman (1992). aCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. b, eC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. cC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. dC.macrocarpum Maas fC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. (aBrandbyge & Asanza C. 30017b, ePrance et al. 24094cGentry et al. 32153dWingfield & van der Werff 6751fSperling et al. 6198).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245285.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245285.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n a, bCremastospermaleiophyllum R.E.Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, dCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e–gC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h–jC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, lC.oblongum R.E.Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m–oC.osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21_p_4 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 29.\n Cremastospermamicrocarpum R.E.Fr. a leaves b flowers and flower buds c fruit (a, bMaas et al. 6281cVásquez & Jaramillo 9350).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245330.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245330.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21_p_5 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 7.\n Distribution of Cremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr.; C.microcarpum R.E.Fr.; C.pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr.; and C.peruvianum R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245326.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245326.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub, 1–12 m tall, 4–10 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 5–10 by 1–3 mm; lamina obovate, elliptic or narrowly so, (8-)10–35 by 4–12 cm (index 2–3.5), chartaceous, green to brown, darker above, veins often reddish below, glabrous on both sides or rarely sparsely covered with appressed whitish to 0.4 mm long hairs on primary vein below, base acute to obtuse, rarely narrowly cuneate, mostly decurrent, apex acuminate to caudate (acumen/cusp 5–30 mm long), primary vein 1–2 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 6–10, intersecondary veins 0–3, distance between from 10–18 mm at the base to 12–24 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 70–80° at the base to 40–50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–6 mm, tertiary veins mostly reticulate. Inflorescence of single flowers solitary (or clustered in groups of 2), on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles 2–10 by 0.5–1 mm (in flower), 2–10 by 1.5–2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed to erect golden to 0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; pedicels 40–50(-70) by 0.5–1 mm at the base (in flower), (12-)22–73 by 1–1.5 mm (in fruit), green or reddish in vivo, glabrous; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 0.8 by 0.8 mm (occasionally large and leafy), obtuse, soon falling off, sparsely covered with appressed golden 0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; upper bract mostly attached around half way along pedicel, narrowly ovate or deltate, 1–2.5 by ca. 1 mm, acute, obtuse, rounded or truncate, outer side sparsely covered with appressed golden 0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; closed flower buds broadly ovoid-triangular, remaining closed (or nearly so) throughout development; flowers green, maturing to creamy yellow, yellow or orange in vivo, dark or reddish-brown or black in sicco; sepals and petals glabrous, sepals free or connate for ca. 1 mm, broadly ovate or deltate, appressed, patent or recurved, 2–4 by 2–3 mm, acute or obtuse, mostly soon falling off; outer petals ovate, 9–14 by 6–8 mm, inner petals elliptic to ovate or narrowly so, 10–13 by 4–5 mm; androecium not seen; gynoecium not seen. Monocarps 10–29, ellipsoid to broadly so, slightly asymmetrical, 9–11 by 7–8 mm, green maturing to pink, maroon, red or (blue-) black in vivo, brown, dark or reddish-brown or black in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes (6-)8–15 by 1 mm; fruiting receptacle 3–8 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds broadly ovoid, reddish-brown, pitted, pits appear black with raised rim, 8–10 by 6–7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nBolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando), Brazil (Acre, Pará, Rondônia) and widespread across Peru. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Flowers of Cremastosperma. Fig. 11 from van Heusden (1992). aC.microcarpum: longitudinal section bC.oblongum R.E.Fr.: longitudinal section cC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.: bud dC.gracilipes R.E.Fr.: flower e, fC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr.: longitudinal section (e) and stamen (f) gC.microcarpum: carpel (aMaas et al. 6281bMaas et al. 4592cNelson 763dLuteyn et al. 4890e, fHolm-Nielsen et al. 21501gPrance et al. 3527).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245284.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245284.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n a, bCremastospermaleiophyllum R.E.Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, dCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e–gC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h–jC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, lC.oblongum R.E.Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m–oC.osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 30.\n Cremastospermamonospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower buds (aNuñez & Timaná 12152bCid Ferreira et al. 6301).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245332.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245332.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22_p_4 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 4.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.; C.gracilipes R.E.Fr.; C.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245298.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245298.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_23_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 5–20 m tall, 10–15 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. Leaves: petioles 8–12(-18) by 3–4 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 17–42 by 7–13 cm (index 1.8–3.9), chartaceous, olive green or brown on both sides, venation darker below, glabrous above, rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long on veins below, base acute, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5–15 mm long), primary vein grooved over entire leaf length, verrucose at the base, 3–4 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (8-)10–15, occasionally 1 or 2 intersecondary veins, distance between from 4–9 mm at the base, 20–50(-60) mm in the centre to 10–30 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 40–50° at the base to 70–80° closer to the apex, occasionally branching, forming more or less distinct loops in the apical half, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of 1–8 flowers, branching, solitary or clustered in groups of 2, on leafless twigs and branches; peduncles 7–22 by 1–1.5 mm (in flower), 10–22 by 2.5–3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 25–38 by ca. 1 mm at the base, 1.5–2 mm at the apex (in flower), 25–38 by 2–3 mm at the base, 2–4 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish to golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; single lower bract, soon falling off; upper bract attached around halfway along the pedicel, broadly to depressed elliptic or broadly to depressed ovate, 1–2 by 1.5–1.8 mm, obtuse, outer side densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening early in development; flowers green, maturing to greenish-yellow or cream in vivo, brown in sicco; sepals fused for first 0.5 mm, deltate, appressed (basal 1 mm of sepals and petals reflexed), 2.5–3 by ca. 3 mm, acute or obtuse, soon falling off, inner side glabrous, outer side rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; outer petals elliptic, 8–15 by 5–9 mm, inner petals elliptic, 12–14 by 5–7 mm, inner side of inner and outer petals glabrous, most of outer side of outer petals rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long (towards the margins and apex glabrous), outer side of inner petals largely glabrous but with a narrow, dense, sometimes branching band of appressed, whitish-golden, to 0.2 mm long hairs extending from the base to halfway towards the apex; receptacle depressed ovoid; androecium ca. 6 mm diam., stamens 1–1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.5–0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels up to ca. 40, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous or sparsely covered with appressed, whitish-golden, to 0.2 mm long hairs. Monocarps 16–37, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 12–20 by 10–13 mm, green maturing to dark purple or black in vivo, black in sicco; stipes 20–30 by 2–3 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 7–12 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, brown, lightly furrowed (not pitted), ca. 13 by 9 mm, raphe neither sunken nor raised, encircling seed longitudinally. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_23_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEcuador (Napo, one collection in Pastaza). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_23_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 31.\n Cremastospermanapoense Pirie. a inflorescences b infrutescence and leaf (aCerón 2986bAlvarado 267).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245335.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245335.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_23_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 3.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaawaense Pirie, C.dolichocarpum Pirie, C.magdalenae Pirie, C.napoense Pirie, C.pacificum R.E.Fr. and C.westrae Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_24_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 8–20 m tall, 5–13 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles densely covered with appressed or erect golden to whitish hairs to 0.4 mm long. Leaves: petioles (6-)10–20 by 3–5 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate (24-)32–50 by 11–21 cm (index 2.2–2.8), chartaceous, pale brownish-green to greyish-green above, pale brownish-green below, glabrous above, veins sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden to whitish hairs to 0.5 mm long below, base obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate (acumen 15–40 mm long), primary vein 2–4 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 10–13, intersecondary veins 1–3, distance between from 4 mm at the base to up to 40 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50–70° at the base to 45–55° closer to the apex, not branching forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–7 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary (or clustered in groups of 2), on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles 2–3 by ca. 2 mm (in flower), 2–4 by 2.5–3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 10–20 by ca. 2 mm (in flower), 13–27 by 2.5–3 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long; single lower bract, ovate, ca. 2 by 1.5 mm, acute, often persistent, outer sides of bracts, of sepals and of petals densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.6 mm long; upper bract in the lower half of the pedicel, broadly to depressed ovate, 2–3.5 by 1.5–2 mm, acute; closed flower buds globose; flowers pale green, sepals light brownish-green in vivo, outer side of sepals and petals dark yellow or greyish-green, inner side reddish-brown or dark brown in sicco; sepals free, ovate to broadly ovate, appressed or patent, 7–10 by 7–8 mm, obtuse, often persistent, with prominent venation; outer petals elliptic, 17–29 by 10–16 mm, obtuse, inner petals narrowly elliptic, 28–33 by 9–12 mm, obtuse; androecium not seen; stamens 1.6–1.9 mm long, connective appendage 0.5–0.8 mm wide; gynoecium not seen. Monocarps 3–14, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 16–22 by 10–13 mm, yellow, orange, red or pale brown in vivo, blackish-brown to black in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes 1.5–4 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4–10 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed brown hairs to 0.2 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, yellowish-brown, very shallowly pitted, ca. 16 by 10 mm, raphe sunken, irregular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_24_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPacific coast of Colombia (Valle del Cauca). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_24_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 32.\n Cremastospermanovogranatense R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (aCuatrecasas 17573bCuatrecasas & Willard 26031).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245338.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245338.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_24_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 2.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub 2–17 m tall, 6–15 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long. Leaves: petioles 5–16 by 2–4 mm; lamina elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 13–45 by 5–12 cm (index 2.5–4), coriaceous, shiny grey-green or brown above, dull brown below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long on veins below, base acute, rarely cordate, apex acuminate (acumen (5–)10–20 mm long), primary vein grooved in basal half, 2–4 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 8–19, intersecondary veins often 1(–2), distance between from 8–24 mm at the base to 12–27 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 40–70° at the base to 20–60° closer to the apex, sometimes branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–5 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers clustered in groups of up to three, on leafy or leafless twigs (occasionally on main stem, then on brachyblasts); peduncles ca. 2 by 1 mm (in flower), 2–5 by 1.5–3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 7–18 by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 12–35(–80) by 1.5–3 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long; 2 or 3 lower bracts, deltate, 0.5–1 by 0.5–1 mm, obtuse, soon falling off or persistent, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long; upper bract attached in basal half of pedicel, shallowly triangular, ca. 1 by ca. 2 mm, obtuse, persistent, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long; closed flower buds not seen; flowers green maturing to cream, yellow or orange/yellow in vivo, black in sicco; sepals free, deltate, often recurved, ca. 2 by 2 mm, acute, soon falling off, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; petals glabrous, outer petals obovate to narrowly so, ca. 16 by 6–8 mm, inner petals elliptic to narrowly so, 15–16 by 4–6 mm; androecium ca. 8 mm diam., stamens 1–1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.5–0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.5 mm diam., carpels sparsely covered with erect golden hairs <0.1 mm long. Monocarps 6–20, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 16–20 by 10–14 mm, green maturing through orange or red to black in vivo, brown or black in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes green maturing to red in vivo, 9–17 by 2–3 mm; fruiting receptacle 7–12 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 13 by 8 mm, raphe raised, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nCentral and southern Peru (Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Martín and Ucayali) and adjacent Brazil (Acre). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n a, bCremastospermaleiophyllum R.E.Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, dCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e–gC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h–jC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, lC.oblongum R.E.Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m–oC.osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 33.\n Cremastospermaoblongum R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (aFoster & d’Achille 10224; bMaas et al. 4592).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245340.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245340.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_25 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 6.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaconfusum Pirie, C.leiophyllum R.E.Fr.; and C.oblongum R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245306.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245306.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 3–7 m tall, 5–7 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles very sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long or glabrous. Leaves: petioles 7–15(–20) by 2–4 mm; lamina obovate to elliptic or narrowly so, 21–44 by 5–15 cm (index 2.6–3.4), chartaceous, green or brown above and below, veins darker below, glabrous above, very sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long, especially on veins or glabrous below, base acute or obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 10–20 mm long), primary vein shallowly grooved near base, 1.5–2 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7–10, intersecondary veins 0–1, distance between from 10–13 mm at the base to 25–45 mm closer to the centre, angles with primary vein from 45–60° at the base to 70–80° closer to the centre, sometimes branching, forming distinct loops in apical half of leaf, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–3 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers solitary on leafless twigs or clustered in groups on brachyblasts on the main stem; peduncles 4 by 4 mm (in fruit); pedicels 18–23 by 3 mm at the base, 3–4 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels glabrous; lower bract(s), upper bract and closed flower buds not seen, flowers (observed from photo: Fig. 21 o) cream in vivo; sepals not seen; petals indument not seen, outer petals elliptic, ca. 31 mm long, inner petals elliptic, ca. 27 by 9 mm; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., stamens not seen; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels not seen. Monocarps 20–43, ellipsoid (broadly so in immature specimens), slightly asymmetrical, 11–17 by 11–12 mm, green maturing to yellowish, orange and purple in vivo, black in sicco, with a small excentric apicule, monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous; stipes 17–30 by 1.5–2 mm; fruiting receptacle ca. 14 mm diam. Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown, shallowly pitted, ca. 12 by 10 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nCosta Rica (Puntarenas, Osa peninsula). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n a, bCremastospermaleiophyllum R.E.Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, dCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e–gC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h–jC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, lC.oblongum R.E.Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m–oC.osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245316.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 34.\n Cremastospermaosicola Pirie & Chatrou fruiting specimen (Aguilar 467).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245342.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245342.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 2.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26_p_4 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 21.\n Cremastospermagracilipes R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (aHurtado 3019bPalacios 1651).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245312.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245312.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_27_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 3–15 m tall, 2.5–25 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long or glabrous. Leaves: petioles 8–16 by 2–4 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate, or narrowly so, 19–41 by 9–16 cm (index 2.1–3.1), chartaceous to slightly coriaceous, brown, brownish-green, or greyish-green and shiny above, brown, pale brown or greenish-brown below, glabrous above, glabrous or sparsely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long particularly on veins below, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 10–20 mm long), primary vein shallowly grooved at base, 2–3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7–12, intersecondary veins occasionally 1–2, distance between from 8 mm at the base to up to 55 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 30–50° at the base to 50–70° closer to the apex, not branching, often forming distinct loops for the apical third, smallest distance between loops and margin 1.5–2 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers, on leafless twigs; peduncles ca. 1 by 1 mm (in flower), 2–3 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), rather densely to densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; pedicels 12–20 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 22–35 by 1.5 mm (in fruit), longitudinally furrowed, glabrous or sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed gold or whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; single lower bract, deltate, 1–1.5 by 1 mm, obtuse or acute, occasionally persistent, densely covered with appressed gold or whitish hairs 0.2 mm long; upper bract in the lower half of the pedicel, deltate, 1–1.5 by 1–1.5 mm, rounded, outer side sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed gold or whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers pale greenish-yellow or pale green in vivo, black or dark brown in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, very broadly ovate, 3 by 3–3.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, ca. 16 by 11–12 mm, inner petals obovate, ca. 15 by 7 mm, obtuse; stamens ca. 1.5 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.6 mm wide; gynoecium not seen. Monocarps (2–)7–21, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 15–18 by 10–12 mm, green (immature) in vivo, black or dark brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule, monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous; stipes 10–18 by 1 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 3–9 mm diam. Seeds ellipsoid, yellow, furrowed and slightly pitted, ca. 10 by 8 mm, raphe raised within sunken groove, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_27_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPacific coast of Colombia (Chocó, Valle del Cauca). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_27_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 35.\n Cremastospermapacificum R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (aCuatrecasas 17463bSánchez et al. 323).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245344.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245344.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_27_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 3.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaawaense Pirie, C.dolichocarpum Pirie, C.magdalenae Pirie, C.napoense Pirie, C.pacificum R.E.Fr. and C.westrae Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub 1.5–7(–20) m tall, 3–10 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 2–10 by 1–2.5 mm, caniculate above, verrucose or furrowed; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 8–22 by 2–7 cm (index 2.7–4.7), chartaceous, green, brownish-green or greyish-green (or brown) above, (pale) green, (pale) brownish-green (or brown) below, shiny on both sides, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse, decurrent, rarely narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate (acumen 5–25 mm long), primary vein occasionally shallowly grooved at the base, 1–1.5 mm wide at widest point, verrucose below, secondary veins 5–10, intersecondary veins 1–4, distance between from 5–20 mm at the base to 15–25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 35–55(–70)° at the base to 60–75° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–5 mm, tertiary veins largely reticulate. Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles 1–3 by 0.5–1 mm (in flower), 1–3 by 1.5–2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with erect whitish to golden hairs to 0.1 mm long; pedicels 12–20 by 0.5–0.8 mm at the base (in flower), 13–22 by 1–2 mm (in fruit), glabrous; (1–)2–3(-several) lower bract(s), deltate, ca. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, obtuse, mostly soon falling off, sparsely covered with erect whitish to golden hairs to 0.1 mm long; upper bract halfway along the pedicel, ovate to depressed ovate, 1–1.5 by 0.7–1mm, acute, obtuse or emarginate, glabrous; closed flower buds very broadly ovoid, opening in development; flowers green when immature, maturing to white, cream, or (pale) yellow in vivo, yellow brown, dark brown or blackish brown in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, broadly to very broadly ovate, appressed or patent, 1.5–3 by 1.5–3 mm, obtuse, soon falling off or persistent; outer petals narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 7–18 by 4–6 mm, obtuse, inner petals narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 10–25 by 3–5 mm, obtuse; androecium diam. unknown, stamens 1.2–1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.7–0.9 mm wide; gynoecium diam. unknown, carpels ca. 35, 2 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps (2–)8–30, more or less globose, slightly asymmetrical, 8–13 by 7–11 mm, green maturing to yellow, orange, red or black in vivo, pale brown, reddish-brown or brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes 7–21 by 1–1.5(–3) mm; fruiting receptacle 3–8 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, globose or transversally ellipsoid, light brown, pitted, 7–12 by 6–10 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPanama (Coclé, Colón, Panamá and San Blas). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 36.\n Cremastospermapanamense Maas. a fruiting specimen b flowers (aJohnston 1812bPerez 832).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245346.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245346.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Illustrations of diagnostic characters used in the identification key to species of Cremastosperma, by Hendrik Rypkema, adapted from Pirie et al. (2005). Leaf shape: a acuminate b caudate. Flower buds: c with open development d loosely open e flower bud with closed development, depressed ovoid f flower bud with closed development, broadly ovoid-triangular g the unique pattern of indument on the petals of C.awaense. Monocarp shape h narrowly ellipsoid, symmetrical i globose, symmetrical j strongly asymmetrical.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245290.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245290.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 2.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_29_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 4–15 m tall, 8–15 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 4–15 by 1–3 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 12–27 by 4–10 cm (index 2–3.6), chartaceous, (dark) greyish-brown above, blackish-brown with darker veins below, glabrous above, glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.6 mm long, particularly on veins below, base acute to rounded, decurrent, apex acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long), primary vein 1.5–2.5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7–13, intersecondary veins often 1–3, distance between from 5 mm at the base to 15–20 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein inconsistent, 40–60° at the base and closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers clustered in groups of up to 2, on leafy or leafless twigs or main trunk; peduncles 2–10 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 5–15 by ca. 1.5 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1–0.4 mm long; pedicels (30–)35–75(–95) by ca. 1 mm at the base, to 3 mm at the apex (in flower), (30–)55–85(–110) by 1–1.5 mm at the base, to 3 mm at the apex (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely (at the base) covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1- 0.4 mm long or glabrous; 1-several lower bracts, elliptic, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1- 0.4 mm long; upper bract attached in variable position on pedicel, ovate to very broadly ovate, 1–2.5 by 1–2 mm, acute, obtuse or rounded, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1- 0.4 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds very broadly ovoid to globose, opening loosely in development; flowers green, maturing to green-violet, yellow or pale cream-yellow, inner petals with purple base in vivo, dark brown or reddish-brown in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free or connate for ca. 1 mm, broadly to very broadly ovate or broadly ovate-triangular, appressed, patent or recurved, 2.5–4 by 2.5–4 mm, obtuse, mostly persistent; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, 11–17 by 7–13 mm, inner petals elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 11–19 by 4–8 mm, obtuse or rounded, petals with prominent venation; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., stamens 1.3–1.8 mm long, connective appendage 0.5–0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.5 mm diam., carpels 2–2.2 mm long. Monocarps 3–27, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 12–17 by 10–12 mm, green (immature) in vivo, black, dark brown or reddish-brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes 11–21 by 1.5–2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4–10 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 10 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_29_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEcuador (Zamora-Chinchipe), Peru (San Martín, Cajamarca). Two collections of less certain affinity have been made further north in Ecuador (Pastaza, Morona-Santiago) and one in Colombia (Caquetá). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_29_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 38.\n Cremastospermapedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr. a flowering twig b receptacle, illustrating insertion of carpels c carpel with single apical/lateral ovule (a–cWeberbauer 4558, reproduced from Fries (1930).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245350.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245350.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_29_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 7.\n Distribution of Cremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr.; C.microcarpum R.E.Fr.; C.pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr.; and C.peruvianum R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245326.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245326.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub 4–10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles (3–)6–13 by 1–3 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 7–30 by 3.5–10 cm (index 2.9–4.2), chartaceous, drying green (darker above), glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long particularly on veins or glabrous below, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 15–25 mm long), primary vein 1–2 mm wide at widest point, deeply grooved in basal half, secondary veins 7–10, intersecondary veins often 1(–2), distance between from 9–16 mm at the base to 11–25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50–60° at the base to 45–50° closer to the apex, sometimes branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers; peduncles 0.5–1.5 by ca. 0.5 mm (in flower), 3–5 by 0.8–1 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; pedicels 28–70 by 0.3–0.5 mm at the base, to 1 mm at the apex (in flower), 50–70 by 0.5–1 mm at the base, to 1.5 mm at the apex (in fruit), green or purple in vivo, glabrous; 1 or 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, acute, soon falling off, rather densely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long; upper bract attached halfway along pedicel, elliptic or deltate, 0.5–1 by 0.5–1 mm, acute or obtuse, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, remaining closed (or nearly so) throughout development; flowers green maturing to yellow in vivo, black in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals fused for basal 0.5 mm, elliptic, appressed (particularly in bud) or recurved, ca. 2 by 1.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals ovate, 5–6 by 3–4 mm, inner petals ovate, ca. 3.5 by 2 mm; androecium ca. 4 mm diam., connective appendage 0.5–0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam., glabrous. Monocarps 6–11, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 10–13 by 7–9 mm, monocarps and stipes green maturing to dark reddish-brown in vivo, medium to dark brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes 9–15 by 1–2 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 3–6 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 13 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPeru (Huánuco, Pasco, Ucayali). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 36.\n Cremastospermapanamense Maas. a fruiting specimen b flowers (aJohnston 1812bPerez 832).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245346.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245346.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 39.\n Cremastospermapendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower bud (aFoster & d’Achille 10008bFoster 9842).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245354.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245354.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 8.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabrachypodum Pirie & Chatrou, C.pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr.; and C.yamayakatense Pirie.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245352.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245352.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_31_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_31 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 2–7 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 3–15 by 4–8 mm, verrucose or transversally furrowed; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 38–64 by 11–17(–24) cm (index 2.7–4.4), chartaceous or coriaceous, pale olive or brownish-green on both sides, glabrous, base obtuse, rounded or cordate, often asymmetrical, apex acuminate (acumen 15–35 mm long), primary vein deeply grooved in basal half, 3–5 mm wide at widest point, glabrous, secondary veins 20–26, intersecondary veins 1–2, distance between from 2–10 mm at the base, 20–40 mm in the centre, 10–20 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 55–65° at the base to 70–80° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–4 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence of single solitary flowers, on leafy or leafless twigs; short axillary shoot, 1–1.5 by 1–1.5 mm (in flower), ca. 3 by ca. 2.5 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; pedicels 18–20 by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 20–25 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), red in vivo, glabrous; 2 lower bracts, elliptic, ca. 1 by 0.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs <0.1 mm long; upper bract attached near the base of the pedicel, (broadly) ovate, 1.5–3 by ca. 1.5 mm, rounded, glabrous; closed flower buds broadly ovoid-triangular, remaining loosely closed in development; flowers green, maturing to bright yellow (green at the base) outside, brown inside in vivo, orange or yellowish-brown (sepals and bracts lighter) in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, broadly ovate, appressed, ca. 4 by 3.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic to narrowly obovate, 15–29 by 8–13 mm, obtuse, inner petals narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, (13-)21–25 by 4–8 mm; androecium diam. unknown, stamens 1.5–2 mm long, connective appendage 0.6–0.8 mm wide; gynoecium diam. unknown, carpels ca. 2 mm long. Monocarps 3–20, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 16–19 by 12–13 mm, green maturing to yellow, purple or black in vivo, reddish-brown, dark brown or black in sicco, without apparent apicule; stipes 20–40 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4–9 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 11 by 10 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_31_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_31 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPeru (Amazonas, Loreto). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_31_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_31 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 40.\n Cremastospermaperuvianum R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower bud (aKnapp et al. 7645bDíaz et al. 8225).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245356.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245356.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_31_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_31 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 7.\n Distribution of Cremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr.; C.microcarpum R.E.Fr.; C.pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr.; and C.peruvianum R.E.Fr.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245326.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245326.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_32_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 5–10 m tall, up to 20 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. Leaves: petioles 5–12 by 2–2.5 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 25–33 by 6.5–11.5 cm (index 2.9–4.3), chartaceous, greyish-green above, green below, sparsely covered with appressed yellowish-white hairs to 0.2 mm long below and on veins above, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 20–25 mm long), primary vein 1–1.5 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 8–10, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 5 mm at the base to 50 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45–55° at the base to 70–80° closer to the apex, not branching, not forming loops, tertiary veins with some reticulation. Inflorescence of single flowers on leafy twigs or on brachyblasts on thicker twigs or branches; peduncle 1.5–3 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), ca. 6 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 45–55 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), ca. 62 by ca. 1.5 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels and outer side of bracts (densely), sepals (densely) and petals (sparsely to rather densely) covered with appressed yellowish-white hairs to 0.2 mm long; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, obtuse; upper bract attached on basal half of pedicel, ovate, ca. 1.5 by 0.8 mm, acute; closed flower buds not seen; flowers green, maturing to yellow in vivo, light brown with dark brown patches at the base of the petals in sicco; sepals deltate, 2 mm long, obtuse; outer petals elliptic, ca. 18 by 8 mm, inner petals elliptic, ca. 18 mm long (diam. unknown); androecium and gynoecium not seen. Monocarps ca. 4, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, ca. 25 by ca. 12 mm, black in sicco, with a strongly excentric apicule; stipes ca. 8 by ca. 2.5 mm; fruiting receptacle ca. 4 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle with occasional appressed white hairs <0.1 mm long. Seeds not seen. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_32_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEcuador (Bolívar, Pichincha). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_32_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 41.\n Cremastospermastenophyllum Pirie. a flower and leaf (Knapp & Mallet 6159).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245358.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245358.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_32_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 2.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245291.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_33_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_33 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 7–10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 10–20 mm long, 3–4 mm diam.; lamina narrowly elliptic, 30–53 by 9–15 cm (index 3–3.6), chartacous to subcoriacous, shiny, dark brown above, olive green/greyish/light to dark brown below, glabrous on both sides, base cordate (rarely rounded), apex obtuse to acute, primary vein 2.5–5 mm wide at the widest point, secondary veins 15–30, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 12 mm at the base to 40 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 90° at the base to 60–50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming more or less indistinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–3 mm; tertiary veins showing some reticulation. Inflorescence of single flowers clustered in groups of up to 6, produced from leafless branches or from the main trunk; peduncles ca. 2 by 1 mm (in flower), 3–5 by 1.5–3 mm (in fruit); pedicels ca. 11 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 16–22 by 1.5–2 mm (in fruit), glabrous; one lower bract, very broadly triangular, 0.5–1 mm long, obtuse, persistent, glabrous; upper bract attachment variable within central 80% of length, ca. 1 by 1.5 mm, depressed triangular, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers dark brown to black in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, depressed triangular, reflexed, ca. 1 by 1.5 mm, acute to obtuse, persistent on less mature fruits; outer petals elliptic, ca. 18 by 10 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic, ca. 21 by 6 mm; androecium ca. 4 mm diam., stamens ca. 1 mm long, connective ca. 0.4 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.8 mm diam., carpels 0.6–0.7 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps 20–35, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 17–20 by 12–13 mm, black in sicco, with a strongly excentric apicule; stipes 15–22 by 1.5–2 mm; fruiting receptacle 5–12 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, 15–17 by 13–16 mm, raphe raised, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_33_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_33 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nVenezuela (Aragua, Carabobo). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_33_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_33 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 42.\n Cremastospermavenezuelanum Pirie. a leaves b flower c immature fruit (a, cEdwards 397bSteyermark 94314).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245362.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245362.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_33_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_33 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 9.\n Distribution of C.macrocarpum Maas; and C.venezuelanum Pirie.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245360.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245360.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree or shrub 4–8 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely to densely covered with appressed brown hairs ca. 0.1 mm long. Leaves: petioles 6–20 by 3–6 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to slightly obovate or narrowly so, (15–)30–50 by (8–)12–20 cm (index 1.6–3), chartaceous to coriaceous, dark to olive green or brown above, lighter below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs 0.1 mm long on veins below, base acute to rounded, apex acuminate (acumen 10–20 mm long), primary vein 2–5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 8–12, no intersecondary veins, distance between from 5–10 mm at the base to 40–60 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50–80° at the base to 45–60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming more or less distinct loops in apical half, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–5 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent. Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles, 2–3 by 2–3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 6–17 by 2–3 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with erect whitish hairs 0.1 mm long; single lower bract, soon falling off; upper bract attached in the basal half of the pedicel, depressed ovate, ca. 1.5 by 2 mm, rounded, outer side densely covered with appressed brown hairs 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, flowers yellow in vivo, black with yellow indument in sicco; sepals free or fused for basal 0.5 mm, deltate, appressed, 2.5–3 by 2.5–3 mm, rounded, often persistent, densely covered (outside, sparsely inside) with appressed brown hairs 0.2 mm long; outer petals elliptic to slightly ovate, ca. 9 by 5 mm, rather densely to densely covered (outside, sparsely inside) with appressed brown hairs ca. 0.2 mm long, inner petals elliptic, ca. 8 by 4 mm, rather densely to densely (towards the apex outside, sparsely inside and at base) covered with appressed brown hairs 0.2 mm long; androecium ca. 6 mm diam., stamens ca. 1.3 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.7 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam., carpels sparsely covered with erect brown hairs <0.1 mm long. Monocarps 6–10, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 18–22 by 10–12 mm, green, maturing to yellow, orange, red or black in vivo, reddish- to blackish-brown in sicco, with a small excentric apicule; stipes 4–14 by 1–2 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 3–6 mm diam.; monocarps and stipes sparsely to rather densely covered with erect whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous, receptacle densely covered with erect whitish hairs <0.1 mm long. Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown, surface wrinkled and slightly pitted, ca. 16 by 10 mm, raphe slightly sunken, encircling seed longitudinally. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPanama (Darién, Panamá, San Blas). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 37.\n aCremastospermapanamense Maas. Fruiting specimen (photo: Robin Foster) b–eC.pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr. b habit c flower bud (Pirie et al. 33; photos MDP) d flowering and fruiting branch e flower (Vásquez et al. 34206, photos Rodolfo Vásquez) f, gC.westrae Pirie fruiting specimen (photos Robin Foster) h–jC.yamayakatense Pirie h habit, fruiting specimen (Pirie et al. 57) i flower bud (Pirie et al. 58) j mature fruit (Pirie et al. 60; photos MDP).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245348.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245348.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 43.\n Cremastospermawestrae Pirie. a fruit and leaf (acuminate apex) b flower and leaf (apex broken off) (ade Nevers 4475bLiesner 682).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245364.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245364.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 3.\n Distribution of Cremastospermaawaense Pirie, C.dolichocarpum Pirie, C.magdalenae Pirie, C.napoense Pirie, C.pacificum R.E.Fr. and C.westrae Pirie\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245294.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35_description phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTree 1.5–8 (–20) m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 5–10 by 1–5 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 11–24 (–38) by 3.5–8 (–13) cm (index 2.4–3.4), chartaceous, olive-grey green above, light brown below, glabrous on both sides, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 10–25 mm long), primary vein grooved in basal quarter to third, 1–4 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 8–10 (–14), intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 5–10 mm at the base to 10–30 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 70–80°, the angle thereafter decreasing and subsequently increasing again towards the leaf margin, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–6 mm, tertiary veins largely percurrent with some reticulation. Inflorescences of single, successively produced, flowers, axillary on leafy branches and on older (leafless) branches (then on brachyblasts); peduncles ca. 1 by 1 mm (in flower), 1–3 by 2–2.5 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with golden hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; pedicels 5–7 by ca. 1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 8–15(–20) by 2–2.5 mm at the base to 4 mm at the apex (in fruit), glabrous; single lower bract, deltate, 1–2 by 1–2 mm, acute, mostly soon falling off in fruit, rather densely covered with golden hairs 0.1 mm long; upper bract inserted within basal half of pedicel, deltate, 1–2 by 1–2 mm, acute, glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, remaining closed in development; flowers green maturing to yellow in vivo, black in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals basally connate, deltate, appressed, ca. 3 by 3 mm, rounded, soon falling off, rarely persistent; outer petals ovate, 10–15 by 8–12 mm, inner petals elliptic, ca. 12 by 6 mm; androecium 6–7 mm diam., stamens ca. 1 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.5 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 3 mm diam., carpels length and indument unknown. Monocarps 10–22, green maturing through red to black in vivo, black in sicco, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 12–14 by 7–8 mm, with an excentric apicule; stipes green maturing to red in vivo, 11–12 by ca. 1.5 mm increasing to 3 mm when ripe; fruiting receptacle 5–10 mm diam., monocarps and stipes glabrous or sparsely covered with golden hairs <0.1 mm long, receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown with small black pits surrounded by a slightly raised rim, 9–13 by 6–7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35_distribution phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nPeru (Amazonas), watershed of the upper Río Marañon. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 94f9292885f1226ad66027dd5dfd3a4b; 490144c56f5e6dbafc80c7563daf4265; 3f7dab2a7d827c1b753e21f544083be0 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35_p_1 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 37.\n aCremastospermapanamense Maas. Fruiting specimen (photo: Robin Foster) b–eC.pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr. b habit c flower bud (Pirie et al. 33; photos MDP) d flowering and fruiting branch e flower (Vásquez et al. 34206, photos Rodolfo Vásquez) f, gC.westrae Pirie fruiting specimen (photos Robin Foster) h–jC.yamayakatense Pirie h habit, fruiting specimen (Pirie et al. 57) i flower bud (Pirie et al. 58) j mature fruit (Pirie et al. 60; photos MDP).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245348.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245348.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35_p_2 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 44.\n Cremastospermayamayakatense Pirie. a fruiting specimen b flower (a Jaramillo & Apanu 584 b Barbour 4432).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245366.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245366.jpg 2018 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35_p_3 phytokeys.112.24897.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Map 8.\n Distribution of Cremastospermabrachypodum Pirie & Chatrou, C.pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr.; and C.yamayakatense Pirie.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24897 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas Pirie M, Chatrou L, Maas P (2018) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species PhytoKeys (112): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245352.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_245352.jpg 2018 phytokeys.113.29103.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.113.29103.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIt is known from only a single collection comprising of one flowering and one fruiting individual. \nThismiasumatrana was collected from a forest floor beside a rheophytic zone along Anak Air Ganggu (Ganggu Stream), 0°33'S, 100°21'E, at Sipisang Village, Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The area was covered by mixed primary and secondary forest along a stream, where relatively natural conditions remained. For example, there were many individuals of a rare and large herbaceous plant, Amorphophallustitanum (Becc.) Becc. (Araceae). In addition, many individuals of a rheophytic plant, Furtadoasumatrensis M.Hotta (Araceae), grew on small rocks both in the stream and on the stream bank (Mori and Okada 2001). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29103 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kenji Suetsugu, Hirokazu Tsukaya, Nurainas Nurainas, Hiroshi Okada Suetsugu K, Tsukaya H, Nurainas N, Okada H (2018) Thismiasumatrana (Thismiaceae), a new species from West Sumatra, Indonesia, with discussions on the taxonomic identity of Thismiaclavigera PhytoKeys (113): 59–67 773af478c68e9f457b55fcd7d96cb1d0; af15f26f54071037ca02a67c058d6d8f; 76d5882a089fca0be2418cb74a6002fa; 7478201caf8666bb14c41957c685a7a3 phytokeys.113.29103.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.113.29103.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Thismiasumatrana from West Sumatra, Indonesia (from the holotype). A Flower B Dome-shaped mitre bearing the eaves-like to hood-like accessory lobes. The accessory lobes are indicated using the arrows C Upper part of perianth tube. Outer perianth lobes are indicated by arrows D Inner view of two pendulous stamens. Thecae and glands are indicated by upper and lower arrows, respectively E Outer view of a pendulous stamen. Thecae and glands are indicated by upper and lower arrows, respectively. One grid is equal to 1 mm2.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29103 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kenji Suetsugu, Hirokazu Tsukaya, Nurainas Nurainas, Hiroshi Okada Suetsugu K, Tsukaya H, Nurainas N, Okada H (2018) Thismiasumatrana (Thismiaceae), a new species from West Sumatra, Indonesia, with discussions on the taxonomic identity of Thismiaclavigera PhytoKeys (113): 59–67 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_248333.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_248333.jpg 2018 phytokeys.113.29103.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.113.29103.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Thismiasumatrana from West Sumatra, Indonesia (Drawn from the holotype). A Flowering plant B Flower C Inner view of two pendulous stamens D Outer view of two pendulous stamens E Ovary with style and stigmas. Drawn by Kumi Hamasaki. Scale bars: 1 cm (A–B), 1 mm (C–E).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29103 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Kenji Suetsugu, Hirokazu Tsukaya, Nurainas Nurainas, Hiroshi Okada Suetsugu K, Tsukaya H, Nurainas N, Okada H (2018) Thismiasumatrana (Thismiaceae), a new species from West Sumatra, Indonesia, with discussions on the taxonomic identity of Thismiaclavigera PhytoKeys (113): 59–67 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_248334.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_248334.jpg 2018 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1_description phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTerrestrial, erect shrub up to 1.5 m tall. Stem 1−2 cm diameter near the base of the plant, terete, internodes to 12 cm long, shorter on the distal branches; nodes rather thickened, knobby, not setose, although small barbules may sometimes appear on younger nodes; bark generally smooth, becoming striate on older stems; young stems terete, about 3 mm in diameter, green. Leaves simple, petiolate, in whorls of 3 or 4 per node; petiole ascending, about 3−5 mm thick, 0.5−2 cm long, pale light green, sometimes with dark purplish-red or maroon tinge on the adaxial side; lamina lanceolate, 5−12 × 1.5−4 cm, glossy dark green adaxially, paler abaxially, succulent when fresh, coriaceous when dry; base obtuse, apex acuminate; 3-plinerved, the pair of secondary veins diverging about 2−5 mm from the leaf base, in fresh specimens only visible on the adaxial surface, very faintly so and only near the leaf base on the abaxial surface, in dry specimens visible only on the adaxial surface; transverse veins faintly visible on adaxial surface in fresh and dry specimens, indistinct or absent abaxially; margins smooth, revolute at the edges. Inflorescences cauline, not terminal, arising from leafless nodes, sometimes near the base of the stem, or from leafy nodes, pendulous, usually solitary, or sometimes two or three per node; peduncle about 2.5−6 cm long, enlarged towards the distal end, bright red at maturity, bracteate, each bract 4 × 3 mm; flowers up to 15 or more per inflorescence, usually clustered in a whorl of short, 3-flowered cymes only at the enlarged, distal end of the peduncle, sometimes in 2−3 whorls; 10 or so arranged in umbellately cymose clustered branches up to about 1 cm long, also subtended by bracts; secondary bracts spatulate, 3 × 2 mm; total inflorescence length about 7 cm. Flower buds ± rounded at the tips, the petals imbricate. Flowers 4-merous, petal 8 × 4 mm, oblique-oblong, often reflexed, orange-red, red, or pink; stamens 8, usually positioned above the style, anthers linear-lanceolate, 2.5−4 mm long, rather straight, purple, with a yellow dorsal spur of 0.6 mm long on the connective and a pair of partly joined stout, ventral appendages at the base of the anther sac; filament 4 mm long, pale white; style terete, 10 mm long, pale white; hypanthium campanulate, the rim generally truncate or sometimes very shallowly lobed, pale or light green, 3−4 × 3−4 mm; pedicel pale pink or red, about 7 mm long. Fruit a subglobose berry, 4−6 × 5−7 mm, light green when young and with bright red calyx rim, entirely purplish-black when ripe; the peduncle and pedicels red. Seeds numerous, embedded in pulpy tissue, ovoid, 1−1.5 × 0.5−1 mm, chestnut brown. Seedling with epigeal germination, phanerocotylar, cotyledons foliaceus, 2−3 × 2 mm, broadly ovate, apex rounded or obtuse, sometimes shallowly emarginate; eophylls simple, opposite, broadly elliptic-ovate to orbicular, 3−7 × 3−5 mm. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30027 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Edwino S. Fernando, J. Peter Quakenbush, Edgardo P. Lillo, Perry S. Ong Fernando E, Quakenbush J, Lillo E, Ong P (2018) Medinillatheresae (Melastomataceae), a new species from ultramafic soils in the Philippines PhytoKeys (113): 145–155 1e0e82398a8805214c2b1c72b267c86c; 6c5541797519e372abeb64ba5a3483c0; e0f7c42e28bdeeba22590ed3f4323b93; 2690f57c31ca8e217acda708b2402322 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThus far, this new species is known only from Mt Redondo on Dinagat Island and Mt Hamiguitan in the Pujada Peninsula on Mindanao Island, Philippines. Dinagat Island, Surigao del Norte Province, and the Pujada Peninsula form part of the same belt of the Eastern Philippine Cretaceous ophiolite and ophiolite complexes (Balce et al. 1976; Yumul et al. 2003, 2008; Tamayo et al. 2004) that are now large areas of ultramafic landscapes with metallic ore deposits (e.g., iron, nickel, chromium) and hosting a unique type of forest formation (Fernando et al. 2008). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30027 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Edwino S. Fernando, J. Peter Quakenbush, Edgardo P. Lillo, Perry S. Ong Fernando E, Quakenbush J, Lillo E, Ong P (2018) Medinillatheresae (Melastomataceae), a new species from ultramafic soils in the Philippines PhytoKeys (113): 145–155 1e0e82398a8805214c2b1c72b267c86c; 6c5541797519e372abeb64ba5a3483c0; e0f7c42e28bdeeba22590ed3f4323b93; 2690f57c31ca8e217acda708b2402322 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Medinillatheresae Fernando A Habitat at type locality, dwarf forest on ultramafic soils, c. 840 m elevation, Mt Redondo with Mt Kambinliw in the background B Terrestrial, erect growth habit C Leafy branch showing leaves arranged in a whorl and secondary veins faintly visible on adaxial surface D Dried leaf showing adaxial surface with distinct pair of secondary veins E Abaxial surface of same leaf in D without the distinct pair of secondary veins. B, D, E from Fernando 3831 (LBC), C from Fernando 4166 (LBC). Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 2 cm (C–E). All photos by Edwino S. Fernando.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30027 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Edwino S. Fernando, J. Peter Quakenbush, Edgardo P. Lillo, Perry S. Ong Fernando E, Quakenbush J, Lillo E, Ong P (2018) Medinillatheresae (Melastomataceae), a new species from ultramafic soils in the Philippines PhytoKeys (113): 145–155 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_249843.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_249843.jpg 2018 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Medinillatheresae Fernando A Pendulous inflorescences arising from nodes near base of main stem and showing flower buds with rounded tips B Inflorescence with buds and open flowers C Close up of open flower. A from Fernando 4166 (LBC) B, C from Fernando 3831 (LBC). Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 8 mm (B); 2 mm (C). All photos by Edwino S. Fernando.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30027 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Edwino S. Fernando, J. Peter Quakenbush, Edgardo P. Lillo, Perry S. Ong Fernando E, Quakenbush J, Lillo E, Ong P (2018) Medinillatheresae (Melastomataceae), a new species from ultramafic soils in the Philippines PhytoKeys (113): 145–155 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_249846.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_249846.jpg 2018 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Medinillatheresae Fernando A Young infructescence showing light green fruits with bright red calyx rim B Mature purplish-black fruits C Seedling showing foliaceus cotyledons and first two pairs of eophylls, c. 20 weeks old, grown in nursery from seed of Fernando 3831. A from Fernando 4217 (LBC) B from Fernando 3831 (LBC). Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 2 mm (C). All photos by Edwino S. Fernando.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30027 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Edwino S. Fernando, J. Peter Quakenbush, Edgardo P. Lillo, Perry S. Ong Fernando E, Quakenbush J, Lillo E, Ong P (2018) Medinillatheresae (Melastomataceae), a new species from ultramafic soils in the Philippines PhytoKeys (113): 145–155 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_249848.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_249848.jpg 2018 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.113.30027.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Medinillatheresae Fernando A Habitat on Mt Hamiguitan, forest on ultramafic soils, c. 1200 m elevation B Plant on Mt Hamiguitan with branch showing node with four leaves in a whorl and a pair of pendulous inflorescences. A photo by Edwino S. Fernando B photo by Leonard L. Co.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30027 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Edwino S. Fernando, J. Peter Quakenbush, Edgardo P. Lillo, Perry S. Ong Fernando E, Quakenbush J, Lillo E, Ong P (2018) Medinillatheresae (Melastomataceae), a new species from ultramafic soils in the Philippines PhytoKeys (113): 145–155 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_249849.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_249849.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_1_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPlants annual or perennial; synoecious sometimes andromonoecious; sometimes rhizomatous, often cespitose, sometimes mat-forming, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 2–300 cm, erect, geniculate or decumbent, usually herbaceous, sometimes becoming woody. Sheaths open, overlapping below; ligules membranous or hyaline (rarely firm or coriaceous), acuminate to truncate, sometimes minutely ciliolate, sometimes with lateral lobes longer than the central portion; blades narrow, flat, folded, or involute, sometimes arcuate. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes also axillary, open to contracted, raceme-like or spike-like panicles; cleistogamous panicles sometimes present in the axils of the lower cauline leaves, enclosed by a tightly rolled, somewhat indurate sheath; disarticulation usually above the glumes, occasionally below the pedicels. Spikelets mostly perfect with 1 (2–6) florets, sometimes staminate or sterile, occasionally paired or in groups of threes then the central spikelet perfect and the lateral ones staminate or sterile; chasmogamous, rarely cleistogamous; glumes usually (0)1(2–3)-veined, apices entire, erose or toothed, truncate to acuminate, sometimes mucronate or awned from the midvein, occasionally awned from the lateral veins; lower glumes sometimes rudimentary or absent, occasionally bifid; upper glumes shorter than to longer than the florets; calluses poorly developed, glabrous or with a few hairs; lemmas glabrous, scabrous or with short hairs, 3-veined (rarely appearing 5-veined), apices awned from the midvein, mucronate or unawned; awns, if present, straight, flexuous, sinuous or curled, sometimes borne between 2 minute teeth, lateral veins occasionally extended into awns; paleas shorter than or equal to the lemmas, 2-veined, apices; anthers (1–2)3, purple, orange, yellow, olivaceous or whitish; ovary with 2 styles, stigmas plumose. Caryopses elongate, fusiform or elliptic, slightly dorsally compressed, rarely laterally compressed, glabrous; hilum short; pericarp fused. \nChromosome base number is × = (8 or 9) 10 and these are relatively small in size. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThe genus is primarily distributed in the Western Hemisphere in North Central and South America. There are also seven species known to occur in south-eastern Asia, six of these are found in China (Wu and Peterson 2006). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_2_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nCaespitose annuals. Culms 30−80 cm tall, slender, terete, glabrous, often branching from the aereal nodes below, usually with stilt-roots from lower nodes. Leaf sheaths usually shorter than the internodes, furrowed, scabrous; ligules 0.5−0.7 mm long, membranous; auricles 1−2 mm long, ciliate, sometimes cauducous at maturity, the cilia about 1 mm long; blades 8−20 cm long, 3−6 (−8) mm wide, flat, scabrous, apex attenuate. Panicles 5−16 (−20) cm long, 1−2.5 cm wide, contracted, spike-like, interrupted, the branches widely spaced along the rachis; primary branches 1−3 cm long, appressed, ascending or divergent and spreading. Spikelets in dense clusters of 2−4 subtended by 10−15 bristles, the bristles 1−5 mm long; glumes 0.7−1 mm long, ovate, membranous, 1-veined, apex awned, bidentate, the awns 3.5−5 mm long; lemmas (1.2−) 2−2.2 mm long, lanceolate, 3-veined, cartilaginous, scaberulous, awned, the awns 10−16 (−20) mm long, straight; callus short, the hairs 0.2−0.4 mm long; paleas as long as the lemmas, 2-veined, these often extending into mucros 0.1−0.3 mm long; stamens 3, anthers 0.7−1 mm long, purplish. Caryopses 1−1.3 mm long, ellipsoid. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiabeyrichiana is known to occur in Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Earlier, it was reported in Mexico and Central America but these are probably an error for Muhlenbergiadiandra (R.W. Pohl) Columbus, a more recently described species that superficially resembles M.beyrichiana (Espejo Serna et al. 2000; Lægaard and Peterson 2001; Peterson et al. 2001). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n A−EMuhlenbergiabeyrichiana Kunth A habit B ligule with auricles C glumes D floret E stamens and pistil F−HMuhlenbergiamaxima Lægaard & Sánchez Vega F habit G end of panicle branch H floret. A−E drawn from A.S. Hitchcock 20635 (US) F−H drawings from Lægaard & Sánchez Vega (1990) drawn from the holotype collection Sánchez Vega & Ruíz Vigo 3561.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254043.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254043.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_3_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSlender often sprawling, caespitose annuals. Culms (4–) 6–30 cm long, glabrous below the nodes; internodes 0.6–6 cm long, glabrous to pilose. Leaf sheaths mostly 0.5–4.8 cm long, shorter than the internodes, glabrous to sparingly pilose; ligules 0.6–1.5 mm long, glabrous, apex mostly truncate, lacerate, auricles absent; blades 1.5–6 cm long, 0.5–1.5(–1.7) mm wide, flat, scaberulent and pubescent above, mostly smooth beneath. Panicles 2–6 cm long, 0.5–1.2 cm wide, open, loosely-flowered; primary branches 0.2–0.6 mm long, excluding the awns, one per node, racemosely inserted. Fertilespikelets 2.4–3 mm long, in fascicles of two, rarely three per branch, often greenish or purplish, the clusters with one short-pedicelled spikelet (bisexual); pedicels (0.0−) 0.2–0.5 mm long (fertile spikelets) and the other two spikelets (sterile or staminate) longer pedicelled; pedicels about 0.7–1 mm long (sterile or staminate); glumes 1–1.3 mm long, narrowly acuminate, apex prolonged, aristate; lemmas 2.4–3 mm long, 3-awned, the central awns (3–) 5–8 (–12) mm long, lateral awns usually 0.8–1.4 mm long; paleas 2.2–2.8 mm long, puberulent, apex aristate, the awns usually 1–1.2 mm long; anthers 0.5–0.7 mm long, yellowish. Caryopses about 1 mm long, obovoid, light brownish. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiabryophilus is found in South America, occuring in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n A, BMuhlenbergiabryophilus (Döll) P. M. Peterson A habit B spikelet C, DMuhlenbergiacenchroides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) P. M. Peterson C habit D spikelet. Drawings from Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009)A, B drawn from S.G. Beck 818 (LPB) C, D drawn from S.G. Beck 7464 (LPB).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254044.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254044.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_4_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLoosely caespitose perennials. Culms 8−12 cm tall, 0.2−0.4 mm diameter just below the panicle, erect to decumbent near base, slender, scaberulous to glabrous, profusely branched below; lower internodes 5−10 mm long with repeated intravaginal branching. Leaf sheaths 4−27 mm long, glabrous, generally longer than the internodes, rounded near base; ligules (1.5−) 1.8−2.5 mm long, hyaline, often lacerate, margins decurrent, apex obtuse; blades 0.5−1.5 cm long, 0.6−1.2 mm wide, flat or folded, prominently veined, sometimes conspicuously crystalline or spiculate on both surfaces, otherwise glabrous below, sparsely scaberulous above and along margins, tapering to a boat shaped tip. Panicles (1.0−)1.5−4.0 cm long, 1−3 mm wide, exserted or included in the uppermost sheath, loosely contracted, narrow; primary branches 0.5−2 cm long, appressed to the culm axis, one per node.pedicels 1−5 mm long, stiff, densely scabrous, spiculate, erect; nodes 4−6 per inflorescence. Spikelets 2.4−2.8 mm long (excluding the mucro or awn), plumbeous to reddish-purple; glumes 1.2−1.6 mm long, shorter than the floret, subequal to equal, 1-nerved, glabrous, often reddish-purple near apex and greenish-grey below, apex obtuse; lemmas 2.4−2.8 mm long, lanceolate, keeled, prominently 3-nerved, dark reddish-purple to plumbeous above greenish-grey below, sericeous, lower ½ to ¾ with scattered appressed hairs, the hairs 0.3−0.5 mm long, apex acuminate, mucronate or short-awned, the awn up to 1.5 mm long, scabrous; paleas 2.4−2.6 mm long, as long as the lemma, lanceolate, hairy between the nerves; anthers 1−1.3 mm long, purple or yellow. Caryopses 0.9−1.1 mm long, elliptic to fusiform, terete, yellowish-brown. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThis species is endemic to Peru, known only from Cajamarca and La Libertad departments. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n A−CMuhlenbergiacaxamarcensis Lægaard & Sánchez Vega A habit B panicle branch C floret D−GMuhlenbergiaciliata (Kunth) Trin D habit E ligule F glumes G floret. Drawings A−C from Lægaard and Sánchez Vega (1990) from holotype collection (S.A. Renvoize & S. Lægaard 4962) D−G from Peterson and Annable (1991) drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4541 (WS).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254045.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254045.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_5_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nCaespitose perennials often sprawling, occasionally with stolons. Culms (10–) 25–55 cm long, glabrous below the nodes; internodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths mostly 0.8–8 cm long, shorter than the internodes, glabrous; ligules 1–2 mm long, apex acute, lacerate; blades 1.5–6 cm long, 0.5–2 mm wide, flat, scaberulous above, smooth beneath. Panicles 2–8 cm long, 0.5–1.2 cm wide, open, loosely-flowered with recemosely arranged branches; primary branches 2–4 mm long, excluding the awns, one per node, often purplish. Spikelet fasciles of three with one sessile or subsessile perfect spikelet and two short-pedicelled lateral spikelets staminate or sterile, the pedicels less than 0.2–0.5 mm long and the other two spikelets short-pedicelled, the pedicels about 0.7–1.2 mm long; glumes (1−)1.5–2.8 mm long, oblong and wider distally, 1-veined, apex deeply notched, awned, the awns 2–4 mm long, lobes triangular, acute; lemmas 2.5–3 mm long, fusiform, 3-awned, the central awns 5–13 mm long, lateral awns 2–3 mm long; paleas 2.5–3 mm long, puberulent, apex awned, the awns 1–2 mm long; anthers 1.6–1.8 mm long, yellowish to purplish. Caryopses 1−1.4 mm long, fusiform. 2n = 40, 60, 80. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiacenchroides ranges from throughout México, Central America to South America in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Guyana and Venezuela. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n A, BMuhlenbergiabryophilus (Döll) P. M. Peterson A habit B spikelet C, DMuhlenbergiacenchroides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) P. M. Peterson C habit D spikelet. Drawings from Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009)A, B drawn from S.G. Beck 818 (LPB) C, D drawn from S.G. Beck 7464 (LPB).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254044.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254044.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_5_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_6_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSprawling, slender annuals. Culms 8–30 (−50) cm tall, glabrous, filiform, often tufted, freely branching at lower nodes; 0.2–0.5 mm diameter just below the inflorescence; internodes 6–42 mm long. Leaf sheaths (8−) 20–44 mm long, glabrous or sparsely pilose along the margins, shorter than the internodes; ligules 0.2–0.8 mm long, a ciliate membrane; apex truncate; margin with a tuft of hairs up to 1 mm long; blades 1–4 cm long, 0.6–1.4 mm wide, flat or loosely involute, often sparsely pilose above, glabrous below. Panicles 4–12 cm long, 1.8–5.0 cm wide, terminal, densely flowered; primary branches 1.5–3.7 cm long spreading and reflexed at maturity up to 90° from the rachises, one per node; pedicels 0.5–3 mm long, glabrous, appressed, erect; nodes 6–13 per panicle; Spikelets appressed to the branches, overlapping; glumes 0.7–1.7 mm long, subequal, glabrous, 1-nerved; apex acuminate, often mucronate; the mucro up to 0.5 mm long; lower glumes 0.7–1.5 mm long; upper glumes 0.8–1.7 mm long; lemmas 1.8–2.5 mm long, lanceolate, slender, awned, strongly 3-nerved but appearing five-nerved, the intermediate “nerves” actually rows of short barbs on top of folded epidermal ridges, sometimes with prominent short hairs (scabers) along the lateral nerves, often appearing glabrous without magnification, awns 5–11(−18) mm long, flexuous; callus minutely short pubescent; paleas 1.6–2.4 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, glabrous; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm long, yellowish. Caryopses 0.8–1.8 mm long, narrowly fusiform, brownish. 2n = 20. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_6_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiaciliata is found throughout México and Central America in Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_6_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n A−CMuhlenbergiacaxamarcensis Lægaard & Sánchez Vega A habit B panicle branch C floret D−GMuhlenbergiaciliata (Kunth) Trin D habit E ligule F glumes G floret. Drawings A−C from Lægaard and Sánchez Vega (1990) from holotype collection (S.A. Renvoize & S. Lægaard 4962) D−G from Peterson and Annable (1991) drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4541 (WS).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254045.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254045.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_6_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nDensely caespitose perennials. Culms 50−100(−120) cm tall, erect, rigid, hirsute below the basal, terete nodes; usually 1 node per culm; internodes mostly glabrous and scabrous. Leaf sheaths mostly 5−18 cm long, glabrous to scaberulous above, rounded near base, lower sheaths often becoming fibrous with age; ligules 8−15 mm long, firm below, strongly decurrent, often lacerate, apex obtuse to acute; blades 15−35(−45) cm long, 2−5 mm wide, tightly involute, glabrous to scaberulous below mostly scaberulous near above. Panicles (6−)10−24(−30) cm long, 6−15 mm wide, narrow, spike-like, usually plumbeous; primary branches 0.2−2.5 cm long, erect and tightly ascending appressed, floriferous to base; pedicels 0.5−4 mm long, usually shorter than the spikelets, hispid. Spikelets 5−7(−8) mm long, plumbeous, rarely 2-flowered; glumes (4−)5−7(−8) mm long, usually as long or longer than the floret, sometimes a little shorter, lanceolate, about equal, 1-nerved, scabrous, apex acuminate, unawned, mucronate, or short-awned; lemmas (4.6−)5−6.7(−7.1) mm long, lanceolate, plumbeous, scabrous, apex acuminate, unawned, mucronate or short-awned, the awn 1−3(−4) mm long, inserted just below the apex; callus sparsely short bearded, the hairs 0.1−0.2 mm long; paleas (4.6−)5−6.5 mm long, about as long as the lemma, narrowly lanceolate, scaberulous, apex acuminate; anthers 2−3 mm long, purplish or yellowish. Caryopses 2.5−3.5 mm long, fusiform, dark reddish-brown. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiacoerulea ranges throughout the Andean Cordillera from Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador to Argentina, Peru and Bolivia. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n A−DMuhlenbergiacoerulea (Griseb.) Mez A habit B culm and panicle C ligule D spikelet E−KMuhlenbergiacoerulea (Griseb.) Mez × Muhlenbergiarigida (Kunth) Kunth E culm and panicle F spikelet G floret H glumes I lemma J paleas, dorsal and ventral view K lodicules, stamens, and pistil. A−D drawn from P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng & J. Montoya Quino 21957 (US) E−K drawn from P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 14860 (US).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254046.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254046.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n A−CMuhlenbergiacoerulea (Griseb.) Mez A habit B panicle C spikelet D−FMuhlenbergiarigida (Kunth) Kunth D habit E panicle F spikelet. Drawings from Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009), Peterson and Giraldo-Cañas (2011). A−C drawn from S.G. Beck 7700 (LPB) D drawn from P.M. Peterson 9659 (US) E, F drawn from P.M. Peterson, C.R. Annable & J. Valdés-Reyna 10876 (US).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254047.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254047.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7_p_3 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_8_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPanicles (−0.6)1−4 cm wide, spike-like with lower branches slightly prolonged, erect, plumbeous to reddish-purple. Spikelets plumbeous to reddish-purple, scabrous; glumes 2.5−3.5(−4) mm long, ½ to ¾ as long as the floret; lemmas 4−6 mm long, awned, the awns generally 3−8(−10) mm long, straight. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_8_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThis presumed hybrid is known to occur in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_8_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n A−DMuhlenbergiacoerulea (Griseb.) Mez A habit B culm and panicle C ligule D spikelet E−KMuhlenbergiacoerulea (Griseb.) Mez × Muhlenbergiarigida (Kunth) Kunth E culm and panicle F spikelet G floret H glumes I lemma J paleas, dorsal and ventral view K lodicules, stamens, and pistil. A−D drawn from P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng & J. Montoya Quino 21957 (US) E−K drawn from P.M. Peterson & N. Refulio Rodriguez 14860 (US).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254046.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254046.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_8_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_9_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSprawling annuals. Culms 16–50 cm tall, decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes; nodes retrorsely pilose; internodes smooth or scabridulous. Leaf sheaths 1.5–8.5 cm long, sparsely or densely pilose, hairs to 3 mm long, papillose-based; ligules 0.5–0.8 mm long, membranous, apex truncate, erose; blades 2–6 cm long, 1.5–4 mm wide, flat, bases distinctly narrowed to the junction with the sheath, surfaces scabridulous and sparsely pilose, hairs papillose-based. Panicles 6–10.5 cm long, 2.0–4.5 cm wide, secund, open; primary branches 0.8–3.5 cm long, secund, spreading at right angles or somewhat reflexed usually lying to one side with 2–5 spikelets; secondary branches not developed; pedicels 1–5 mm long, scabrous or shortly pilose, hairs papillose-based; disarticulation at the base of the primary branches where there is a weak and contorted stipe. Spikelets 4–8 mm long, dimorphic with respect to the glumes, proximal spikelets on each branch almost sessile; glumes of proximal spikelets on each branch subequal, 0.2–0.7 mm long, orbicular, truncate, often erose or irregularly toothed, unawned; glumes of distal spikelets on each branch markedly unequal; lower glumes to 8 mm long, 1-veined, acute, usually awned, awns 0.5–3 mm; upper glumes orbicular, acute, sometimes awn-tipped; lemmas 4.0–7.6 mm long, linear to broadly lanceolate, light greenish, smooth or scabrous, usually with greenish veins, apices acuminate, awned, awns 6–19 mm long, usually straight, scabrous; paleas 3.7–6.8 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, coarsely papillate or almost smooth, 2-keeled, the veins prominent, scabrous, greenish, sometimes extending as minute awns, acuminate; anthers 0.4–0.8 mm long, yellowish. Caryopses 1.8–3 mm long, oblong-ovoid, flattened, brownish. 2n = 20. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_9_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThe species is native to North America, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Argentina. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_9_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n A−DMuhlenbergiadiversiglumis Trin A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E−HMuhlenbergiamicrosperma (DC.) Kunth E habit F ligule G glumes H lemma. Drawings from Peterson and Annable (1991)A−D drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4158 (WS) F−H drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4185 (WS).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254048.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254048.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_9_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_10_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nDense mat-forming perennials with scaly rhizomes, the acute scales 4.5−8.1 (−10) mm long, the rhizomes 1−2 (−2.5) mm in diameter. Culms 2−8 (−11) cm long, mostly erect, 2−3 (4) mm diameter below; internodes 1−10 mm long, compressed. Leaf sheaths 3−6 (−10) mm long, distichous, overlapping, margins hyaline; ligules 6−1.4 mm long, membranous, decurrent, apex acute to obtuse; blades 2.5−8.5 mm long, 0.6−1.1 mm wide, involute, arcuate, glabrous to finely papillose, margins scabrous, apex navicular, often pungent. Panicles 1−2 cm long, 1−5 mm wide, contracted, narrow, usually exserted with 3−9 nodes; primary branches 0.4−1 cm long, ascending, solitary at a node; rachis papillose-roughened just below the spikelets. Spikelets (1.8−-) 2−2.5 mm long, plumbeous; glumes (0.8−) 1−1.6 mm long,about ½ as long as the floret, subequal, 1-veined, rarely 2-veined, apex acute to obtuse; lemmas (1.7−) 1.9−2.4 mm long, 3-veined, glabrous, plumbeous, apex acute, mucronate, the mucros less than 0.3 mm long; paleas (1.6−) 1.8−2.4 mm long, 2-veined, glabrous; anthers 1−1.7 mm long, yellow or purple. Caryopses 1−1.3 mm long, about 0.4 mm wide, ellipsoid, dark brown. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_10_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiafastigiata is found in South America in the Andean highlands of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Peru (Morden 1985; Morden and Hatch 1996). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_10_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n A−EMuhlenbergiafastigiata (J.Presl) Henrard A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E stamens and pistil F−JMuhlenbergialigularais (Hack.) Hitchc F habit G ligule H glumes I floret J stamens and pistil. Drawings from Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009), Peterson and Giraldo-Cañas (2011)A−E drawn from P.M. Peterson, S. Lægaard, R.J. Soreng & C.R. Annable 12709 (US) F−J drawn from P.M. Peterson, S. Lægaard, R.J. Soreng & C.R. Annable 12684 (US).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254049.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254049.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_10_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_11_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nCaespitose perennials. Culms 15−40 cm tall, slender, 0.3−0.4 mm diameter just below the panicle with 6−8 nodes per culm; internodes 1−6 cm long near base, glabrous, shiny. Leaf sheaths about as long as the internodes below, glabrous; ligules 0.3−0.5 mm long, membranous, apex truncate, lacerate; blades 2−5 cm long, 1−2.2 mm wide, flat, scaberulous, apex acuminate. Panicles 3.5−6.5 (−7) cm long, 0.5−1.5 cm wide, narrow, spiciform, sometimes interrupted below; primary branches 0.5−2.5 cm long, tightly apressed to loosely ascending or spreading, not more than 45° from the culm axis. Spikelets 2.8−4.2 mm long, yellowish to light brown, erect or drooping; glumes 2.8−4 mm long, including mucos or awns, subequal, hyaline to membranous, glabrous, 1-veined, scabrous along the midvein, apex acute, unawned, mucronate or awned, the awns up to 1.3 mm long, straight or loosely flexuous; lemmas 2.8−4.2 mm long, hyaline to membranous, 3-veined, scaberulous, lower 1/3 sparsely hairy, apically awned, the awns 14−30 mm long, flexuous, callus hairy, the hairs up to 0.4 mm long; paleas about as long as the lemmas, 2-veined, glabrous, apex acuminate, often mucronate; anthers 1.3−1.6 mm long, purple. Caryopses 1.4−1.6 mm long fusiform, light brown. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_11_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiaflexuosa endemic to Peru and is known from only a few collections from Huánuco, Pasco and San Martín departments (Hitchcock 1927; Tovar 1993). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_11_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.\n A−EMuhlenbergiaflexuosa Hitchc. A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E stamens and pistil. Drawn from H. Teppner 79-293 (US).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254050.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254050.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_11_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_12_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLoosely tufted annuals to short-lived perennials. Culms 2−12 cm tall, 0.2−0.4 mm diameter just below the panicle, erect or decumbent, slender, glabrous, sometimes flowering the first year, up to 15 cm broad, dying in the centre, profusely branched below, a short branchlet with fascicled leaves borne at each node, with 4−6 nodes; internodes 2−20 mm long. Leaf sheaths 2−20 mm long, generally shorter than the internodes, glabrous, ridged, flattened by the densely fascicled branches; ligules 0.6−2.5 mm long, membranous to hyaline, apex truncate to rounded; blades 0.3−2.2 cm long, 0.8−1.5 mm wide, flat or folded, prominently veined, thick, firm, usually with whitish-thickened midvein and margins, conspicuously crystalline or spiculate on both surfaces, otherwise glabrous below, sparsely scaberulous above and along margins, tapering to a boat shaped tip. Panicles 1.0−3.0 cm long, 0.3−1.4 cm wide, long exserted or included in the uppermost sheath, loosely contracted; branches 5−9 mm long, one per node, appressed or reflexed at maturity up to 70° from the culm axis; pedicels 1−3 mm long, stiff, densely scabrous, spiculate, erect. Spikelets 1.5−3.0 mm long, often plumbeous to reddish-purple; glumes 1.0−1.9 mm long, subequal, glabrous, apex acute to obtuse, often minutely erose, greenish-grey; lower glumes 1.0−1.7 mm long, 1-veined; upper glumes 1.1−1.9 mm long, 1-veined or occasionally 3-veined; lemmas 1.5−3.0 mm long, lanceolate, 3-veined, keeled, glabrous, mottled with greenish-black areas or dark greenish mottles on a pale background, apex minutely scaberulous, acuminate, entire or mucronate; mucro rarely more than 1 (−1.2) mm long; paleas 1.4−2.9 mm long, lanceolate, glabrous; anthers 0.8−1.1 mm long, purplish becoming pale. Caryopses 0.8−1.2 mm long, elliptic to fusiform, brownish. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_12_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThis species ranges from Guatemala and Costa Rica (Pohl 1980, at Chirripo Grande) to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_12_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n A−EMuhlenbergiafastigiata (J.Presl) Henrard A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E stamens and pistil F−JMuhlenbergialigularais (Hack.) Hitchc F habit G ligule H glumes I floret J stamens and pistil. Drawings from Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009), Peterson and Giraldo-Cañas (2011)A−E drawn from P.M. Peterson, S. Lægaard, R.J. Soreng & C.R. Annable 12709 (US) F−J drawn from P.M. Peterson, S. Lægaard, R.J. Soreng & C.R. Annable 12684 (US).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254049.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254049.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_12_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_13_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLoosely caespitose perennials. Culms 100−140 cm tall, erect, rigid, terete, ca. 2−3.2 mm diameter near base with 3 or 4 glabrous to pubescent nodes; internodes terete above. Leaf sheaths longer than the internodes, mostly basally inserted, compressed-keeled near base, becoming fibrous with age, scaberulous, finely striate; ligules 3−5 mm long, apex irregularly toothed to lacinate, margins entire and extended above to form auricles; blades 25−45 cm long, 2.8−4 mm wide, flat to folded, striate, scabrous, apex attenuate, midvein prominent. Panicles 30−46 cm long, 3−6 cm wide, narrow; branches 6−11 cm long, scabrous, ascending, appressed to loosely spreading, mostly floriferous to base, except on lowest branches; pedicels mostly shorter than the spikelets. Spikelets 2.5−2.8 mm long, 1-flowered, greenish with reddish-purple tinting; glumes 2.2−2.6 mm long, almost equal or shorter than the floret, hyaline to membranous, faintly 1-veined, subequal, the lower usually slightly shorter, glabrous to scattered pubescent, scaberulous; lemmas 2.5−2.8 mm long, ovate, 3-veined, awned, with scattered sericeous hairs more numerous along the veins, scaberulous, the callus pilose, the flexuous awn inserted just below the obtuse to acute apex, the awn 4−9 mm long; paleas about as long as the lemma, faintly 2-veined, sericeous between the veins below; lodicules about 0.1 mm long, truncate, glabrous; stamens 3; anthers 1.3−1.8 mm long, purple. Caryopses 1.4−1.7 mm long, fusiform, brownish. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_13_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nA Peruvian endemic known only from Amazonas and Cajamarca departments. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_13_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n A−EMuhlenbergiabeyrichiana Kunth A habit B ligule with auricles C glumes D floret E stamens and pistil F−HMuhlenbergiamaxima Lægaard & Sánchez Vega F habit G end of panicle branch H floret. A−E drawn from A.S. Hitchcock 20635 (US) F−H drawings from Lægaard & Sánchez Vega (1990) drawn from the holotype collection Sánchez Vega & Ruíz Vigo 3561.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254043.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254043.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_14_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nCaespitose annuals, sometimes appearing as short-lived perennials. Culms 10–80 cm tall, often geniculate at the base, slender, often striate, much branched near the base, scaberulous below the nodes; internodes 1.8–8.6 mm long, mostly scaberulous or smooth. Leaf sheaths 2.2–6.6 mm long, commonly shorter than the internodes, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous; ligules 1–2 mm long, membranous to hyaline, decurrent, margins often extended, apex truncate to obtuse; blades 3–8.5(–10) cm long, 1–2.5 mm wide, flat or loosely involute, scabrous below, strigulose above, often deciduous with age. Panicles 6.5–13.5 cm long, 1–6.5 cm wide, open and not densely flowered, often purplish; primary branches 1.6–4 cm long, ascending or diverging up to 80° from the rachises, spikelet-bearing to the base; pedicels 2–6 mm long, appressed to divaricate, antrorsely scabrous. Cleistogamouspanicles with 1–3 spikelets present in the axils of the lower sheaths. Spikelets 2.5–5.5 mm long; glumes 0.4–1.3 mm long, exceeded by the florets, 1-nerved, obtuse, often minutely erose; lower glumes 0.4–1 mm long; upper glumes 0.6–1.3 mm long; lemmas 2.5–3.8(–5.3) mm long, narrowly lanceolate, mostly smooth, scaberulous distally, lower 1/2 of the margins and midveins, the hairs 0.2–0.5 mm long, the callus hairy, apices acuminate, often bidentate, awned, awns 10–30 mm long, straight to flexuous; paleas 2.2–4.8 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; anthers 0.3–1.2 mm long, purplish. Caryopses 1.7–2.5 mm long, fusiform, reddish-brown. 2n = 20, 40, 60. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_14_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiamicrosperma occurs in Hawaii, south-western U.S.A., Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador (including the Galapagos Islands), Peru and Bolivia (Peterson and Annable 1991). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_14_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n A−DMuhlenbergiadiversiglumis Trin A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E−HMuhlenbergiamicrosperma (DC.) Kunth E habit F ligule G glumes H lemma. Drawings from Peterson and Annable (1991)A−D drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4158 (WS) F−H drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4185 (WS).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254048.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254048.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_14_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_15_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTufted annuals. Culms 4−25 cm tall, 0.3−0.7 mm in diameter near base, erect to decumbent, branching below, glabrous, 2 or 3 glabrous nodes, scaberulous below the nodes; internodes 0.5−9 cm long. Leaf sheaths 0.5−4.7 cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, compressed, mostly glabrous, scaberulous near the summit, margins scarious; ligules 1−3 mm long, hyaline, decurrent, apex truncate to obtuse, lacinate to irregularly dentate; blades (0.5−)1−8 cm long, 0.7−3.6 mm wide, flat or loosely folded, finely pilose above and scabrous below, margins scabrous, apex mostly acuminate, rarely acute. Panicles (0.5−)1−7 cm long, 2−9 mm wide, tightly spiciform, often interrupted below, elliptic to oblong, terminal and axillary, often partially included in the sheath below; primary branches 4−15 mm long, tightly ascending-appressed, verticillate below with 5−10 per node, scabrous; pedicles 0.1−1.2 mm long, shorter than the spikelets, scabrous. Spikelets 3.4−4.6 mm long, 1-flowered, tightly carinate, cleistogamous; glumes 3.5−4.7 mm long, longer than the floret, nearly equal in length, membranous, linear lanceolate, 1-veined, scaberulous along the midvein, apex acuminate, mucronate, the mucro 0.2−0.7 mm long; lemmas 1.5−2.1 mm long, hyaline to membranous, ovate, 3-veined, the lateral veins faint, mottled with irregular plumbeous areas, sparingly appressed pilose, the hairs 0.2−0.4 mm long, apex truncate to obtuse, subapically awned, the awns 1.2−5 mm long, straight; callus pilose; paleas 1.4−2 mm long, hyaline, ovate, sparingly pilose, apex truncate, the veins extending as mucros up to 0.2 mm long; lodicules 0.1−0.2 mm long, truncate; stamen 1, anthers 0.3−0.6 mm long, whitish to yellow. Caryopses 1−1.6 mm long, ovoid, laterally flattened, light brown. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_15_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nA Peruvian endemic known only from near San Jose de Canta, Peru. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_15_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.\n A−MMuhlenbergiamonandra Alegría & Rúgolo A habit B ligule C two spikelets D glume base and rachilla E lemma, dorsal view F floret, side view G floret, ventral view H apex of lemma with two small teeth I palea and caryopsis, lateral view J lodícules K caryopsis, dorsal view L caryopsis, lateral view M caryopsis, ventral view. Drawings from the holotype collection Granda Paucar & Alegría Olivera 2230.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254051.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254051.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_15_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_16_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTufted annuals. Culms 3–27 cm tall, erect, glabrous. Leaf sheaths usually longer than the internodes, smooth or scabridulous; ligules 1.5–3 mm long, membranous, acute; blades 1–5 cm long, 0.6–1.5 mm wide, flat to involute, smooth or scabridulous abaxially, sometimes shortly pubescent adaxially. Panicles 2–8 cm long, 0.3–3.4 cm wide, contracted or open; primary branches 1–5 cm long, diverging up to 80° from the rachises; pedicels 0.4–5 mm long, smooth or scabrous. Spikelets 1.4 4.2 mm long, 1-flowered; glumes smooth or scabridulous; lower glumes 0.8–2.8 mm long, narrow to broadly lanceolate, 1-veined, acute, often awn-tipped; upper glumes 0.9–3 mm long, wider than the lower glumes, lanceolate, 3 (2)-veined, truncate to acute, 2- or 3-toothed; lemmas 1.4–4.2 mm long, ovate, widest near the base, purplish mottled with dark green areas, hairy on the calluses and lower 2/3 of the lemma bodies, hairs to 0.5 mm long, apices acuminate, usually bifid and awned from between the teeth, teeth to 0.5 mm long, awns 3–10 mm long, flexuous, purplish; paleas 1.3–3.8 mm, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate to subacute; anthers 0.5–1 mm long, purplish to yellowish. Caryopses 1–1.6 mm long, fusiform, brownish. 2n = 30. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_16_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiaperuviana occurs in Arizona and New Mexico, U.S.A, throughout Mexico to Guatemala and then in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru (Peterson and Annable 1991). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_16_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.\n A−DMuhlenbergiaperuviana (P. Beauv.) Steud A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E, FMuhlenbergiaphalaroides (Kunth) P.M. Peterson E panicle\n F spikelet. Drawings A−D from Peterson and Annable (1991) drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4739 (WS) E, F from Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009) drawn from S. Lægaard 71419 (AAU).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254052.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254052.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_16_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_17_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennials, intricately branched near base. Culms 10−30 cm tall, erect, mostly glabrous, usually decumbent and sprawling below, bent at the pubescent to short pilose nodes; internodes 0.4−10 (−15) cm long, pubescent to short pilose. Leaf sheaths much shorter than the internodes above, hyaline near the margins, pilose near summit; ligules 0.4−1 mm long, membranous, apex truncate to deltoid, often erose and lacerate; blades 0.5−6.5 cm long, 0.5−1.2 mm wide, shorter near the base of culms, flat, folded or loosely involute, lanate above and glabrous or with scattered, short appressed hairs below, margins whitish-thickened, apex navicular, occasionally with a short seta, seta usually less than 2 mm long. Panicles 1.5−6.5 cm long, 3−8 mm wide, spiciform and spike-like, densely flowered, often interrupted below with only a few spikelets, terminal or axillary; rachis lanate to hispid, the short hairs antrose or appressed; branches 1.5−7 mm long, very short, the spiklets usually in pairs, rarely 1 or 3 per terminal branch, when in pairs the lower short-pedicelled spikelet perfect, staminate or sterile and the upper longer-pedicelled spikelet usually perfect; pedicels 0.3−1.4 mm long; disarticulation usually at the base of the pedicel, each spikelet falling as a unit leaving a small cup-like tip. Spikelets 3−4 mm long, stramineous with plumbeous mottles, sometimes additionally with purplish mottles; glumes 1−2.1 mm long, shorter than the lemma, subequal, 1−3-veined; lower glumes commonly 2 or 3-veined, usually 2-awned, ocassionally 1 or 3 awned, the awns 1−3 mm long, equal or subequal, scabrous, recurved; upper glumes commonly 1-veined, usually 1-awned, the awns 1−2.5 mm long; lemmas 3−4 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, 3-veined, margins hirsute to lanate and occasionally the lower ½ sparsely hairy, the hairs 0.1−0.3 mm long, apex usually awned, occasionally unawned or mucronate, the awns 1−3 mm long; paleas 2.8−3.8 mm long, hairy between the veins, the veins occasionally extending as mucros; anthers 1.3−2 mm long, yellowish. Caryopses 1.7−2 mm long, fusiform, brownish. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_17_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiaphalaroides ranges from Mexico to South America where it is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru (Reeder 1985; Sánchez and Rúgolo de Agrasar 1986; Davidse and Pohl 1994). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_17_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.\n A−DMuhlenbergiaperuviana (P. Beauv.) Steud A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E, FMuhlenbergiaphalaroides (Kunth) P.M. Peterson E panicle\n F spikelet. Drawings A−D from Peterson and Annable (1991) drawn from P.M. Peterson & C.R. Annable 4739 (WS) E, F from Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009) drawn from S. Lægaard 71419 (AAU).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254052.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254052.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_18_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nDensely caespitose perennials. Culms 40–100 cm tall, stiffly erect, glabrous to scaberulous below the basal, terete nodes, usually 1 node per culm; internodes mostly glabrous. Leaf sheaths 2–30 cm long, longer than the internodes, glabrous to scaberulous, rounded near base; ligules (1–)3–6(−8) mm long, often lacerate, firmer below, strongly decurrent, apex obtuse to acute; blades 12–35 cm long, 1–3 mm wide, flat or involute, glabrous to scaberulous below and scaberulous to hirsutulous above. Panicles (4–)10–35 cm long, (2–)3–5(–15) cm wide, loosely contracted to open and lax, reddish-purple; primary branches 0.4–10 cm long, sometimes capillary, ascending and spreading up to 80° from the rachises; pedicels 1–10 mm long, mostly longer than the spikelets. Spikelets 3.5–5 mm long, reddish-purple; glumes 1–1.7(–2) mm long, much shorter than the floret, about equal, 1-nerved, unawned, apex obtuse to subacute, sometimes hirsutulous, rarely mucronate; lemmas 3.5–5 mm long, narrow lanceolate, scaberulous to scabrous, purple, awned, callus with hairs up to 0.5 mm long, apex acuminate, the awns (8–)10–22 mm long, flexuous; paleas 3.5–5 mm long, narrow lanceolate, purple, scaberulous, apex acuminate; anthers 1.7–2.3 mm long, reddish-purple. Caryopses 2–3.5 mm long, fusiform, brownish. 2n = 40, 44. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_18_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMuhlenbergiarigida ranges from Arizona, New Mexico and south-western Texas, throughout México and Central America to South America where it occurs along the Andes from Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_18_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n A−CMuhlenbergiacoerulea (Griseb.) Mez A habit B panicle C spikelet D−FMuhlenbergiarigida (Kunth) Kunth D habit E panicle F spikelet. Drawings from Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009), Peterson and Giraldo-Cañas (2011). A−C drawn from S.G. Beck 7700 (LPB) D drawn from P.M. Peterson 9659 (US) E, F drawn from P.M. Peterson, C.R. Annable & J. Valdés-Reyna 10876 (US).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254047.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254047.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_18_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_19_description phytokeys.114.28799.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLoosely caespitose to densely tufted, annuals to short-lived perennials with delicate bases, flowering the first year. Culms 20–40 cm tall, erect or decumbent at the base, branching at the lower and middle nodes, scaberulous below the terete nodes; internodes generally 2.0–9.5 cm long. Leaf sheaths 4.0–7.5 cm long, glabrous or scaberulous, commonly shorter than the internodes; ligules 1.2–3.0(–5.0) mm long, hyaline, apex acute to obtuse, often lacerate with age; blades 3–12 cm long, 1.2–2.5 mm wide, flat or loosely involute, scaberulous to glabrous below and scabrous above. Panicles 7–15 cm long, 0.6−2 cm wide, narrow and contracted to loosely spreading, interrupted below, terminal and axillary, 15–23 nodes per panicle; primary branches 3.5–7.5 cm long, usually one per node, when immature the branches mostly appressed and ascending, when mature the branches sometimes widely spreading up to 50° from the rachises; pedicels 1–3 mm long, usually shorter than the spikelets, antrorsely scabrous, stout, appressed. Spikelets 2–4 mm long, erect, stramineous to purplish; glumes 1–2.8 mm long, unequal, 1-nerved, scabrous along the nerves, apex acute to acuminate, often mucronate or erose, the mucro up to 0.5 mm long; lower glumes 1–2.0 mm long; upper glumes 1.5–2.8 mm long, more than ½ as long as the lemma; lemmas 2.0–3.5(–4.0) mm long, lanceolate, widest near base, awned, scaberulous above and villous on proximal 1/2 along the margins and the midvein, the hairs 0.5–1.5 mm long, callus short-pubescent, the awn 10–30 mm long, scabrous, flexuous; paleas 1.8–3.4(–3.8) mm long, lanceolate, sparsely appressed pubescent between the nerves on the proximal ½; anthers 0.3−0.4 mm long, purplish, yellow with age. Caryopses 1.0–2.2 mm long, narrowly fusiform, terete, brownish. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_19_distribution phytokeys.114.28799.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Peru and known only from Huánuco. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 d9f0f1074b1776398e59eac07ae26d25; 43a0a91b34bf6f4cfa739e69e63805ec; 305708a7fa78863efde95778fe1d74b3; 039ed5c0bd6c0b29a9a1d64346d51f6d; 4e9c7a2b9e3ff3986258866d63e83130 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_19_p_1 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 12.\n Muhlenbergiaromaschenkoi P.M. Peterson A habit B ligule C spikelet D lower glume E upper glume F lemma, lateral view G lemma, dorsal view H palea, dorsal view I palea, lateral view J palea, ventral view K lodicules, stamens, and pistil L caryopsis. Drawings from the holotype collection P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng & K. Romaschenko 20331.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254053.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254053.jpg 2018 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_19_p_2 phytokeys.114.28799.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95−1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2%.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28799 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Paul M. Peterson, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Konstantin Romaschenko, Diego Giraldo-Cañas, Nancy F. Refulio Rodriguez Peterson P, Vega I, Romaschenko K, Giraldo-Cañas D, Rodriguez N (2018) Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi PhytoKeys (114): 123–206 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_254042.jpg 2018 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_1_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, perennial herbs, rarely dwarf subshrubs; stems angulate, glabrous or papillate; leaves alternate, sessile or pedunculate, entire, filiform to ovate or obovate, cuneate or truncate, apically mostly acuminate, a persistent leaf rosette usually present, cauline leaves resembling the rosulate leaves or much shorter; inflorescence a spike or thyrsoid; pedicel inconspicuous or up to 3 mm long; flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, subtended by a hyaline bract and two similar bracteoles, sometimes bracteoles absent; perianth of (4)5 glabrous segments or lobes, green, white or yellowish; stamens (4)5 in alternisepalous position, or 6–8 (in both antesepalous and alternisepalous positions), anthers 0.15–0.30 mm, introrse, thecae globose, pollen grains pantoporate; ovary roundish; style not present or very short, stigmas 2–5; fruit nut-like, single-seeded, dry; pericarp projections (if present) not evident in flowering condition, pericarp at fruiting stage reticulate, mostly having finger-shaped outgrowths (emergences) that can be plumose (with additional smaller hair-like projections) or hooked at their apices; seeds spherical, black, with rugose or alveolate surface, with annular embryo located vertically and abundant perisperm. \nTen species distributed in the (sub)tropics of the Americas; two – M.debilis and M.maypurensis – are considered as aliens in the humid tropics of Africa (Cameroon) and Asia (Indonesia), respectively. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_2_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, perennial herbs or dwarf subshrubs; bracteoles present or absent; pedicels inconspicuous or very short (up to 1.3 mm long); flowers single per node (inflorescence a spike); stigmas 2(3), thick. The species are distributed across the (sub)tropical South America, in Central America and Antilles. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, glabrous; stems decumbent, up to 30 cm (Fig. 11A); rosulate leaves up to 9 (10–12) cm, long-petiolate, obovate or oblong, mostly persistent; cauline leaves rhombic or ovate, cuneate; inflorescence a spike (Fig. 11B); flowers sessile or very shortly pedicellate (pedicels at fruiting ~1 mm); bracteoles absent; perianth segments 5, greenish, lanceolate or oblong; stamens (4)5; stigmas 2, thick; fruit roundish, 1.1–1.25 mm long and 1.0–1.2 mm wide (Fig. 4A, B), with finger-shaped outgrowths (up to 0.4 mm long); seed ~1.0 mm, with rough surface (Fig. 4D). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nNative to American tropics (Fig. 12). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.\n Microteadebilis: A general view of the plants (La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, 2001) B close-up of the inflorescence (La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, 2001). Photographs by Orlando Vargas Ramírez. See also https://sura.ots.ac.cr/florula4/find_sp3.php?key_species_code=LS001515.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255664.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255664.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteadebilis and M.celosioides: A, B fruit of M.debilis, enclosed in the perianth (St. Lucia, Soufrière, 1958, G.R. Proctor 17789, BM000019256) C, D seed of M.debilis (Honduras, nr Cangrejal river, foothills of Ceiba, 29 Jul 1938, T.G. Yuncker et al. 8674, G) E, F fruit of M.celosioides (Retiro das Pedras, Brumadinho, 14 Dec 1998, J.R. Stehmann & C.E.S. Ferreira 2399, PACA) G, H seed of M.celosioides (Retiro das Pedras, Brumadinho, 14 Dec 1998, J.R. Stehmann & C.E.S. Ferreira 2399, PACA). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255657.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255657.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3_p_3 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 12.\n Distribution map of Microteadebilis in its native range.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255665.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255665.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3_p_4 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.\n Records of Microteadebilis as an alien plant in Africa.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255666.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255666.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals or biennials; stems erect, up to 100 cm; leaves petiolate (petioles up to 2.0 cm), blades 3.0–10.0(12.0) cm long, 0.2–2.0 cm wide, cuneate, lanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate, glabrous or their margins and mid-rib below covered with papillae; inflorescence a spike, long and spreading, whip-like; flowers with a bract and two filiform bracteoles (often not well-visible), bracts longer than flowers at the beginning, then equal to the perianth segments; pedicels up to 1.0 mm at fruiting, perianth segments 5, oblong or ovoid; stamens 5–8; stigmas 2, thick; fruit with scattered short outgrowths, fruit body (1.0)1.1–1.4 × 0.9–1.1 mm, 1.5–2 times as long as the perianth (Fig. 4E, F); pericarp readily scraped off the seed; seed ~1.0 mm, with rough surface (Fig. 4H). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 15) Eastern South America. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 14.\n Neotype of Galeniacelosioides (BR0000005575398).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255667.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255667.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteadebilis and M.celosioides: A, B fruit of M.debilis, enclosed in the perianth (St. Lucia, Soufrière, 1958, G.R. Proctor 17789, BM000019256) C, D seed of M.debilis (Honduras, nr Cangrejal river, foothills of Ceiba, 29 Jul 1938, T.G. Yuncker et al. 8674, G) E, F fruit of M.celosioides (Retiro das Pedras, Brumadinho, 14 Dec 1998, J.R. Stehmann & C.E.S. Ferreira 2399, PACA) G, H seed of M.celosioides (Retiro das Pedras, Brumadinho, 14 Dec 1998, J.R. Stehmann & C.E.S. Ferreira 2399, PACA). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255657.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255657.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4_p_3 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 15.\n Distribution map of Microteacelosioides.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255668.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255668.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_5_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennial with a taproot or rarely annual (?) herb with caudex; stems erect, densely covered with short papillae; leaves papillate, oblong or lanceolate, appressed or somewhat spreading, cuneate, 2.0–4.0 cm long and 0.2–0.7 cm wide; inflorescence a spike; flowers subsessile, with the pedicels 0.25–0.5 mm long, with a bract and two bracteoles; perianth segments 5, oblong, greenish; stamens 6–8; stigmas 2, thick; fruit 1.1–1.25 × 0.9–1.1 mm, with short finger-shaped outgrowths (Fig. 5A, B); seed 0.9–1.0 mm, with rough surface (Fig. 5D). Morphologically, this species is most similar to M.celosioides and is distinguished by the papillate stems and leaves. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 16) Endemic to Minas Gerais (Diamantina Mun.), Brazil. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteapapillosa and M.scabrida: A, B fruit of M.papillosa, enclosed in the perianth (Diamantina Mun., Estrada Conselheiro Mata, 11 Apr 1982, L. Rossi et al. 3322, PACA) C, D seed of M.papillosa (Diamantina Mun., Estrada Conselheiro Mata, 11 Apr 1982, L. Rossi et al. 3322, PACA) E, F fruit of M.scabrida, enclosed in the perianth (Paraguay, Alto Paraná, 1909, K. Fiebrig 5468, M) G, H seed of M.scabrida (Paraguay, Alto Paraná, 1909, K. Fiebrig 5468, M). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255658.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255658.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_5_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 16.\n Distribution map of Microteapapillosa.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255669.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255669.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nLeaning or twining perennial herb up to 150 cm, glabrous or slightly scabrid; leaves ovate or oblong (Fig. 17A), long-petiolate (petioles 1.0–4.0 cm), blades 5.0–10.0 cm long and 2.0–4.0 cm wide, basally truncate, apically acuminate; inflorescence lax, a spike (Fig. 17B); flowers almost sessile (pedicels up to 1.0 mm), with a bract and two bracteoles; perianth segments 5, whitish or green, oblong or ovoid, stamens 6–7, stigmas 2–3; fruit 1.75–2.0 mm long and 1.6 mm wide, with finger-shaped outgrowths, some of them basally concrescent (Fig. 5E, F); seed 1.3–1.5 mm, with verrucous surface (Fig. 5H). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Sub)tropical parts of South America (Fig. 18). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 17.\n Microteascabrida: A a fragment of the shoot (São Bento do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 23 Sep 2016) B inflorescence (São Bento do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 14 Dec 2013). Photographs by Paulo Schwirkowski.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255670.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255670.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteapapillosa and M.scabrida: A, B fruit of M.papillosa, enclosed in the perianth (Diamantina Mun., Estrada Conselheiro Mata, 11 Apr 1982, L. Rossi et al. 3322, PACA) C, D seed of M.papillosa (Diamantina Mun., Estrada Conselheiro Mata, 11 Apr 1982, L. Rossi et al. 3322, PACA) E, F fruit of M.scabrida, enclosed in the perianth (Paraguay, Alto Paraná, 1909, K. Fiebrig 5468, M) G, H seed of M.scabrida (Paraguay, Alto Paraná, 1909, K. Fiebrig 5468, M). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255658.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255658.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6_p_3 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 18.\n Distribution map of Microteascabrida.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255671.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255671.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_7_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSubtropical South America (Fig. 19). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_7_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteasulcicaulis and M.bahiensis: A, B fruit of M.sulcicaulis, enclosed in the perianth (Paraguay, Caazapá Dept., Tavai, 7 Dec 1988, F. Mereles 2122, G) C, D seed of M.sulcicaulis (Paraguay, Caazapá Dept., Tavai, 7 Dec 1988, F. Mereles 2122, G) E, F fruit of M.bahiensis (Brazil, Bahia state, Salvador, Dunas de Itapuã, nr Hotel Stella Maris, N from Condomínio Alamedas da Praia, 8 Jun 1993, P. de Queiroz 3211, PACA) G, H seed of M.bahiensis (Brazil, Bahia state, Salvador, Dunas de Itapuã, nr Hotel Stella Maris, N from Condomínio Alamedas da Praia, 8 Jun 1993, P. de Queiroz 3211, PACA). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255659.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255659.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_7_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 19.\n Distribution map of Microteasulcicaulis (circles) and M.bahiensis (star).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255672.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255672.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_8_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennial herb or dwarf subshrub, glabrous, up to 30 cm tall; caudex well-developed; stems erect or ascending; rosulate leaves up to 9.0(10.0–12.0) cm, obovate or oblong, mostly persistent at fruiting; cauline leaves rhombic, ovate or obovate, cuneate and shorter (up to 2.0 cm) than the rosulate leaves; inflorescence a spike, mostly one-sided; flowers sessile or very shortly pedicellate (pedicels up to 0.5 mm); bracteoles present, very short, perianth segments 5, greenish with white margins, oblong or ovoid; stamens 8; stigmas 2, thick; fruit roundish, 1.1–1.3 × 1.0–1.2 mm, with short finger-shaped outgrowths (Fig. 6E, F); seed 1.1–1.3 mm, with rough surface (Fig. 6H). Note: We were unsuccessful in extracting DNA from the available specimens. However, the characters of this species indicate its position within the type subgenus. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_8_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Bahia state, Brazil (Fig. 19). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_8_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteasulcicaulis and M.bahiensis: A, B fruit of M.sulcicaulis, enclosed in the perianth (Paraguay, Caazapá Dept., Tavai, 7 Dec 1988, F. Mereles 2122, G) C, D seed of M.sulcicaulis (Paraguay, Caazapá Dept., Tavai, 7 Dec 1988, F. Mereles 2122, G) E, F fruit of M.bahiensis (Brazil, Bahia state, Salvador, Dunas de Itapuã, nr Hotel Stella Maris, N from Condomínio Alamedas da Praia, 8 Jun 1993, P. de Queiroz 3211, PACA) G, H seed of M.bahiensis (Brazil, Bahia state, Salvador, Dunas de Itapuã, nr Hotel Stella Maris, N from Condomínio Alamedas da Praia, 8 Jun 1993, P. de Queiroz 3211, PACA). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255659.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255659.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_8_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 19.\n Distribution map of Microteasulcicaulis (circles) and M.bahiensis (star).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255672.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255672.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_9_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual, glabrous, stems decumbent, up to 30 cm; rosulate leaves up to 8.0 cm, long-petiolate (petioles up to 3.0 cm), obovate or oblong, mostly persistent at fruiting; cauline leaves rhombic or ovate, cuneate; inflorescence a spike, one-sided, flowers sessile or very shortly pedicellate (pedicels at fruiting ~1.0 mm); bracteoles mostly absent or tiny; perianth segments 4–5, greenish, lanceolate or oblong; stamens 4–5; stigmas 2, thick; fruit almost orbicular or broadly ovate, 0.9–1.1 × 0.9–1.0 mm, reticulate, without any projections (Fig. 7A, B); seed 0.9–1.0 mm, with rough surface (Fig. 7D). Note: This species is assigned here to the type subgenus, although it was not included in the molecular analysis. Morphologically, it is closely related to M.debilis. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_9_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to the Greater Antilles (Fig. 20). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_9_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteaportoricensis and M.glochidiata: A, B fruit of M.portoricensis, enclosed in the perianth (Puerto Rico, Cabo Rojo, 1864, Grosourdy 13, P04598159) C, D seed of M.portoricensis (Puerto Rico, Cabo Rojo, 1864, Grosourdy 13, P04598159) E, F fruit of M.glochidiata (Brazil, Maranhão, Barao do Grajau, 21 Jan 2012, R.M. Harley et al. 56455, K) G, H seed of M.glochidiata (Brazil, Maranhão, Barao do Grajau, 21 Jan 2012, R.M. Harley et al. 56455, K). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255660.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255660.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_9_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 20.\n Distribution map of Microteaportoricensis.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255673.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255673.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_10_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals; bracteoles present; pedicels conspicuous (1.35–3.0 mm long); flowers single or clustered (2–6 per node); stigmas 3–5, thin. The species are mostly distributed in Brazil, with irradiations to the neighbouring countries. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_11_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual, glabrous, up to 40 cm; stem erect, usually branched from the base with mostly persistent rosulate leaves; leaves linear to oblong, cuneate, 1.0–3.0 cm long, 0.1–0.4 cm wide; inflorescence thyrsoid, flowers 1–6 at each node, pedicels at fruiting 1.5–2.5(3.0) mm long; each flower with a bract and two bracteoles; perianth segments 5, white or yellowish, broadly ovoid or suborbicular, 0.8–1.0 mm long, imbricate; stamens 5–8; stigmas 3–5, filiform; fruit orbicular, its body 1.0–1.2 mm, covered with plumose outgrowths 0.4–0.7 mm long (Fig. 7E, F); pericarp easily scraped off the seed; seed ~1.0 mm, with slightly alveolate surface (Fig. 7H). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_11_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Fig. 21) Eastern tropical Brazil. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_11_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteaportoricensis and M.glochidiata: A, B fruit of M.portoricensis, enclosed in the perianth (Puerto Rico, Cabo Rojo, 1864, Grosourdy 13, P04598159) C, D seed of M.portoricensis (Puerto Rico, Cabo Rojo, 1864, Grosourdy 13, P04598159) E, F fruit of M.glochidiata (Brazil, Maranhão, Barao do Grajau, 21 Jan 2012, R.M. Harley et al. 56455, K) G, H seed of M.glochidiata (Brazil, Maranhão, Barao do Grajau, 21 Jan 2012, R.M. Harley et al. 56455, K). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255660.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255660.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_11_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 21.\n Distribution map of Microteaglochidiata.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255674.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255674.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual or biennial, glabrous; stems erect, up to 60 cm, branched; rosulate leaves oblong, usually withered, lower leaves oblong or spatulate, cuneate, petiolate (petioles up to 2.5 cm), 3.0–8.0 cm long and (0.2–0.4)0.5–2.0 cm wide (sometimes narrower), acuminate; inflorescences a spike, not one-sided, often spreading; flowers solitary (rarely two per node), with a bract and two bracteoles, pedicellate (pedicels 1.5–3.0 mm), perianth segments 5, oblong to ovoid, white or yellowish; stamens 5–8, stigmas 3–5, filiform; fruit slightly protruding from the perianth or up to twice its length, fruit body 1.0–1.1 mm across, with outgrowths 0.2–0.5 mm long terminating in a group of 2–4 hooked hairs (Fig. 8A, B); pericarp readily scraped off the seed; seed ~1mm, with rough surface (Fig. 8D). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nTropical South America (Fig. 23). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 22.\n Lectotype of Ancistrocarpusschrankii (fig. 63 in Schrank, 1821). Image provided by the library of Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255675.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255675.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteamaypurensis and M.tenuifolia: A, B fruit of M.maypurensis, enclosed in the perianth (Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Beni river, Jul 1886, H.H. Rusby 1379, LE) C, D seed of M.maypurensis (Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Beni river, Jul 1886, H.H. Rusby 1379, LE) E, F fruit of M.tenuifolia enclosed in the perianth (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serrra das Vertentes, Jun 1893, A. Glaziou 20437, B) G, H seed of M.tenuifolia (Brazil, Jacobina Mountains in Bahia, 1836, Blanchet 2588, P00798998). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255661.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255661.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12_p_3 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n Distribution map of Microteamaypurensis in its native range.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255676.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255676.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12_p_4 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_12 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 24.\n The record of Microteamaypurensis as an alien plant in Indonesia.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255677.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255677.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_13_description phytokeys.115.29041.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual or short-lived perennial herb with several or numerous stems 10–40 cm high; leaves sessile (sometimes rosulate leaves shortly pedunculate), cuneate, 10–30 mm long and 0.3–3.0(5.0) mm wide; inflorescence a spike; pedicels 1.35–1.7(2.5) mm; flowers with a bract and two bracteoles, perianth segments 5, white, oblong; stamens 6–8, stigmas 3–5, thin; fruit 0.9–1.1 × 1.0–1.1 mm (Fig. 8E), equal to perianth or slightly protruding; pericarp smooth or with small and scattered tubercles (Fig. 8F), more or less reticulate, readily scraped off the seed; seed 0.9–1.1 mm, with rough surface (Fig. 8H). \nWe report for the first time that the perianth/fruit ratio is a useful distinguishing character for this species. Also, the number of stigmas can be useful in delimiting M.tenuifolia and similar forms of M.celosioides with narrower leaves. The character set of M.tenuifolia supports its close relationship to M.maypurensis, especially the forms with reduced pericarp outgrowths. Remarkably, Moquin-Tandon (1849) described a new variety of M.maypurensis (var. angustifolia Moq.) represented by two specimens of M.tenuifolia (P00743955! and P00798998!) and one specimen containing two individuals, M.tenuifolia and a narrow-leaved M.maypurensis (leg. Blanchet 2588, P00743954!). The figure of M.tenuifolia in Calió and Pirani (2006) showing the tuberculate perianth is rather an exception, and the individuals with pericarp lacking the outgrowths have so far been collected more frequently. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_13_distribution phytokeys.115.29041.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Eastern Brazil, found only in Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro States (Fig. 25). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 4d46b59588ea174c4728599057f946d4; 301680fc4cba148f81705c8057d1055f; 90005790c592a25f31c423489018571e; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c; 824512b1ffb9cb21b76446de8ab6720a; 21d8412785a348faad30b48f357ec1c2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_13_p_1 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n Fruits and seeds of Microteamaypurensis and M.tenuifolia: A, B fruit of M.maypurensis, enclosed in the perianth (Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Beni river, Jul 1886, H.H. Rusby 1379, LE) C, D seed of M.maypurensis (Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Beni river, Jul 1886, H.H. Rusby 1379, LE) E, F fruit of M.tenuifolia enclosed in the perianth (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serrra das Vertentes, Jun 1893, A. Glaziou 20437, B) G, H seed of M.tenuifolia (Brazil, Jacobina Mountains in Bahia, 1836, Blanchet 2588, P00798998). Magnification: A, E – 30×, B, F – 100×, C, G – 50×, D, H – 300×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255661.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255661.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_13_p_2 phytokeys.115.29041.sp_13 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 25.\n Distribution map of Microteatenuifolia.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29041 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Alexander N. Sennikov, Maya V. Nilova, Yuri Mazei, Maria Kushunina, Maria Salete Marchioretto, Pavel Hanáček Sukhorukov A, Sennikov A, Nilova M, Mazei Y, Kushunina M, Marchioretto M, Hanáček P (2019) Evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of Microtea (Microteaceae), a basal lineage in the core Caryophyllales PhytoKeys (115): 1–50 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255678.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_255678.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29219.sp_1_description phytokeys.115.29219.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSmall trees, sometimes shrubs, deciduous, up to 3 m tall. Winter buds ovoid, apex acute, 1–3(4). Stipules lanceolate, sometimes ovate and lobed. Leaves elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 3–8 × 1.5–3.5 cm, apex acuminate, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, abaxially pale green and glabrous, sparsely pilose or sometimes pilose when young, adaxially green and glabrous or sparsely pubescent, margin serrate or biserrate. Petiole 4–10 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose, apex with 2 nectaries or not. Inflorescence umbellate or sometimes corymbose, peduncle short or inconspicuous, 1–4-flowered, involucral bracts spatulate or obovate-elliptic, bracts ovate, obovate or spatulate, margin serrate. Pedicel 6–25 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Hypanthium tubular, 6–10 × 1.5–3 mm, reddish-green to purplish, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Sepals ovate-triangular to triangular-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, margin entire. Petals white or pinkish, obovate, apex emarginate, ca. 10 mm long. Stamens ca. 30–40. Style glabrous. Drupe ovoid or globose, ca. 8–10 mm in diam., glabrous, black when ripe. Flowering March-April, fruiting May-June. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29219 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Baohuan Wu, Chaoyu Liu, Daniel Potter, Dafang Cui Wu B, Liu C, Potter D, Cui D (2019) Taxonomic reconsideration of Prunusveitchii (Rosaceae) PhytoKeys (115): 59–71 2c94b1f6e68e480f4172a4e0a90b16c5; f5fa967c3fe37742c11f1a99f18a47ca; 09cd7627f6e40acaff35095cda50563e; 4df34ea9729d52d6364501913469eb59 phytokeys.115.29219.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.115.29219.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nAnhui, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang Provinces, usually occurs in mountain-top thickets at elevations of 800 to 1700 m (Figure 4). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29219 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Baohuan Wu, Chaoyu Liu, Daniel Potter, Dafang Cui Wu B, Liu C, Potter D, Cui D (2019) Taxonomic reconsideration of Prunusveitchii (Rosaceae) PhytoKeys (115): 59–71 2c94b1f6e68e480f4172a4e0a90b16c5; f5fa967c3fe37742c11f1a99f18a47ca; 09cd7627f6e40acaff35095cda50563e; 4df34ea9729d52d6364501913469eb59 phytokeys.115.29219.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.115.29219.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n P.veitchii. A. Flower branch. B. Fruit Branch. C. Individual. D. Variation of the winter buds.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29219 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Baohuan Wu, Chaoyu Liu, Daniel Potter, Dafang Cui Wu B, Liu C, Potter D, Cui D (2019) Taxonomic reconsideration of Prunusveitchii (Rosaceae) PhytoKeys (115): 59–71 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_257583.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_257583.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.29219.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.115.29219.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Distribution and habitat of P.veitchii. A. Distribution. B. Habitat.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29219 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Baohuan Wu, Chaoyu Liu, Daniel Potter, Dafang Cui Wu B, Liu C, Potter D, Cui D (2019) Taxonomic reconsideration of Prunusveitchii (Rosaceae) PhytoKeys (115): 59–71 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_257584.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_257584.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1_description phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs perennial, (20–)40–70 cm high. Rhizomes simple or slightly branching, short, erect or arched, with a bundle of adventitious roots. Stems straight, simple, less often weakly branched, slightly grooved. Basal leaves (1–)2–4, spirally-alternate, congested in a basal rosette; petioles 10–25(–35) cm long; blades 4–7 × 5–8 cm, rhomboid, 3–5(–7)-lobed, segments dissected almost to the midrib into lobes, ending sharply with edges dentate. Cauline leaves 2–5(–7), opposite, with short petioles or sessile, gradually smaller towards the apex. Inflorescence terminal, 1(–2)-flowered. Flowers 3.5–4.5(–5.5) cm diam.; pedicels 5–12 cm long, elongating in fruit up to 8–15 cm long; sepals 8–10(–14), 1.3–2.4 × 0.8–1.5 cm, rhombic-ovate or broadly elliptic, reddish-orange or yellow-orange; petals 9–18, 2–2.8 × 0.2–0.3 cm, oblong-lanceolate, slightly wider at middle, base narrow cuneate, apex acute, orange- or reddish-orange coloured, nectarostigma 2.5–3 mm from base; stamens more than (9)10, filaments 7-11mm long, anthers 1.5–2(–2.5) mm long, linear; Fruits aggregate, with 9–14(17) follicles, 10–15 mm long, persistent style 1.5–3.0 mm long, slightly incurved. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30863 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Andrey Erst, Alexander Luferov, Victoria Troshkina, Dmitry Shaulo, Alexander Kuznetsov, Kunli Xiang, Wei Wang Erst A, Luferov A, Troshkina V, Shaulo D, Kuznetsov A, Xiang K, Wang W (2019) Trolliusaustrosibiricus (Ranunculaceae), a new species from South Siberia PhytoKeys (115): 83–92 a3dbedfb173a13e63c49c583a8ab7979; 5fb4a8c787d0beae3d06c979c08dbff2; 6e9bf32e008f6db4f3013e5273202f14; ba0c994da8075d04640e524db4873067; 1061bf921e35a19c141004bcda704b7d; c95edf7e115c7ed2c86b031139f2dafe; 2cad5410537ecf4ac862d93d4d525467 phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nTrolliusaustrosibiricus is endemic to mountainous areas of the southern part of Western and Central Siberia. Russia: Tuva Republic, Kemerovo district, Krasnoyarsk territory, Khakassia (Figure 1). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30863 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Andrey Erst, Alexander Luferov, Victoria Troshkina, Dmitry Shaulo, Alexander Kuznetsov, Kunli Xiang, Wei Wang Erst A, Luferov A, Troshkina V, Shaulo D, Kuznetsov A, Xiang K, Wang W (2019) Trolliusaustrosibiricus (Ranunculaceae), a new species from South Siberia PhytoKeys (115): 83–92 a3dbedfb173a13e63c49c583a8ab7979; 5fb4a8c787d0beae3d06c979c08dbff2; 6e9bf32e008f6db4f3013e5273202f14; ba0c994da8075d04640e524db4873067; 1061bf921e35a19c141004bcda704b7d; c95edf7e115c7ed2c86b031139f2dafe; 2cad5410537ecf4ac862d93d4d525467 phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Photograph of Trolliusaustrosibiricus. A Flowering plant B Flower C Leaf laminae (Photographs by E. Balde and A. Erst).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30863 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Andrey Erst, Alexander Luferov, Victoria Troshkina, Dmitry Shaulo, Alexander Kuznetsov, Kunli Xiang, Wei Wang Erst A, Luferov A, Troshkina V, Shaulo D, Kuznetsov A, Xiang K, Wang W (2019) Trolliusaustrosibiricus (Ranunculaceae), a new species from South Siberia PhytoKeys (115): 83–92 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_259867.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_259867.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Trolliusaustrosibiricus. A General view B Sepal C Petal D Stamen E Fruit F Follicle. Scale bar: 1 cm (A–F).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30863 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Andrey Erst, Alexander Luferov, Victoria Troshkina, Dmitry Shaulo, Alexander Kuznetsov, Kunli Xiang, Wei Wang Erst A, Luferov A, Troshkina V, Shaulo D, Kuznetsov A, Xiang K, Wang W (2019) Trolliusaustrosibiricus (Ranunculaceae), a new species from South Siberia PhytoKeys (115): 83–92 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_259868.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_259868.jpg 2019 phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.115.30863.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Distribution map of Trolliusaustrosibiricus.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30863 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Andrey Erst, Alexander Luferov, Victoria Troshkina, Dmitry Shaulo, Alexander Kuznetsov, Kunli Xiang, Wei Wang Erst A, Luferov A, Troshkina V, Shaulo D, Kuznetsov A, Xiang K, Wang W (2019) Trolliusaustrosibiricus (Ranunculaceae), a new species from South Siberia PhytoKeys (115): 83–92 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_259866.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_259866.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_1_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, shrubs, or rarely small trees, covered with bladder hairs. Leaves petiolate, usually lobed or dentate (sometimes entire), very rarely semi-terete. Inflorescences paniculate, composed of small cymose clusters. Flowers sessile and pedicellate, hermaphrodite or some female. Perianth segments 5 (rarely 4), free or basally concrescent, green and unchanging at fruiting. Stamens usually 5, free or basally connate. Stigmas 2, free. Fruit depressed globular, falling off separately or together with perianth. Pericarp mostly thin, hyaline, of 1–2(3) parenchymatous layers, usually with small cylindrical or conical papillae (in dry fruits, the pericarp surface resembles honeycombs, but after soaking, the papillae retrieve their shape). In some species now transferred from Einadia to Chenopodium, the pericarp (at least in most fruits) is fleshy (berry), coloured, and many-layered, but some of the fruits remain dry (heterocarpy). Seeds black or rarely brown with horizontal embryo; the cell walls of testa (outer seed-coat layer) cells in black seeds with vertical stalactites, rarely the stalactites absent (three species from Juan-Fernández Archipelago). \nIn its current circumscription (Fuentes et al. 2012), the genus comprises more than 100 species, but the exact number is still unknown. The species are mostly distributed in extratropical parts of the world or in mountainous regions of the tropics. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_2_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual, up to 150 cm, erect, branched, green. Leaves up to 10 × 4 cm, rhombic, oblong or lanceolate, entire or dentate, lower leaves often 3-lobed (terminal lobe tapering to apex). Inflorescence leafy or not. Flowers in glomerules arranged in loose inflorescence. Perianth farinose or glabrous. Fruit 1.3–1.5 mm, pericarp papillate (papillae up to 80 µm), can be scraped off the seed; seeds obtuse or acutish on margins, nearly smooth with shallow radial furrows (Fig. 4A, B), with structural heterospermy expressed in different thickness of the seed-coat testa. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 5. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodium fruits and seeds. A, B seed of C.albumCC.pamiricum, fruit with red seed DC.pamiricum, fruit with brown seed E, FC.pamiricum, red seed G, H seed of C.ficifolium. Magnification: 50× (A, E, G), 100× (C, D); 200× (B, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260745.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260745.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiumalbum (circles) and C.pamiricum (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260746.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260746.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_3_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 25 cm with several or numerous prostrate or ascending stems. Leaves farinose, shortly petiolate (petioles up to 1.5 cm but usually much smaller) with blades up to 2 cm, rhombic or ovate, entire or subhastate. Inflorescence leafy almost to the top. Flowers in glomerules arranged in ± dense inflorescence. Perianth farinose. Fruits and seeds heteromorphic. The first type of fruits and seeds is formed in terminal flowers, the fruits ripen in July-August. These fruits are ca. 1 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm thick; pericarp with papillae up to 20(25) μm (Fig. 4C); seed dark red or blackish with median keel (Fig. 4E, F), testa 17–25 μm thick. Fruits of the second type (which dominates at the end of the vegetation period) are ovoid, 1.0–1.2 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick, pericarp papillate or not (Fig. 4D); seeds yellow-brownish, elongated. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 5. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodium fruits and seeds. A, B seed of C.albumCC.pamiricum, fruit with red seed DC.pamiricum, fruit with brown seed E, FC.pamiricum, red seed G, H seed of C.ficifolium. Magnification: 50× (A, E, G), 100× (C, D); 200× (B, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260745.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260745.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiumalbum (circles) and C.pamiricum (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260746.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260746.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_4_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 60(80) cm, loosely branched, stem green but often with red stripes. Leaves bright green, long-petiolate, 2–7 × 1–3 cm, three-lobed; apical lobe 2–4 times longer than lateral lobes; lateral lobes in the lower part of leaf short, entire or sinuate; apical lobe long, narrow with ± parallel margins, entire or irregularly sinuate-dentate. Inflorescence leafy in the lower and middle parts, short (up to 15 cm). Perianth green, enclosing the fruit; dorsal segments slightly carinate. Fruit 1.2–1.5 mm in diameter, pericarp separating from the seed, papillate (honeycomb-like when dry). Seed marginally rounded or slightly keeled; testa longitudinally striate (Fig. 4G, H), slightly sinuate in cross-section. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 6. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodium fruits and seeds. A, B seed of C.albumCC.pamiricum, fruit with red seed DC.pamiricum, fruit with brown seed E, FC.pamiricum, red seed G, H seed of C.ficifolium. Magnification: 50× (A, E, G), 100× (C, D); 200× (B, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260745.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260745.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiumficifolium.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260747.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260747.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_5_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 40 cm with erect stem; lateral branches ascending if present. Leaves short-petiolate (petioles to 1 cm) with blades up to 2 × 1 cm, fleshy, ovate, slightly cuneate, green above, greenish below, dentate, margins often red. Inflorescence bracteate or aphyllous. Perianth green, enclosing the fruit; segments abaxially carinate. Fruit 1.3–1.5 mm, pericarp easily separating from the seed; papillae up to 25 µm. Seed blackish or reddish-black, surface striate with obtuse or acutish margin (immature seeds with acute margin) with small depression apically. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 7. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiumharae (stars) and C.karoi (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260748.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260748.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_6_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nThe species is similar to C.album, but plants are dark green, usually with ascendant or prostrate stems up to 25 cm. Leaves ± ovate, somewhat longer than broad, sometimes inconspicuously three-lobed. Fruit 1.1–1.3 mm, pericarp reticulate in dry fruits, soaked papillae up to 50 µm long (Fig. 8A). Seed margin obtuse, surface with sinuate furrows (Fig. 8B, C). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_6_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nCommon plant in many parts of Himalaya and Tibet (Fig. 7). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_6_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodium fruits and seeds. A pericarp surface of C.karoiB, C seed of C.karoiD fruit of C.bengalense enclosed in perianth E, F seed of C.bengalense. Magnification: 350× (A), 50× (B, D, E), 200× (C, F).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260749.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260749.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_6_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiumharae (stars) and C.karoi (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260748.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260748.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_7_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nRobust annual up to 2.5 m, branched from the base. Petioles of lower caducous leaves up to 10 cm, blades 10–25(30) × 5–10 cm, usually rhombic, dentate, erose or trilobate with elongated terminal lobe; middle leaves rhombic or ovate, smaller; upper leaves oblong or lanceolate, completely entire, abaxially grey; young leaves often reddish. Inflorescence whitish due to the presence of abundant bladder hairs on the branches and perianth. Fruit 1.2–1.5 mm, pericarp hyaline, adjoining to the seed coat, but separating from it when rubbed, long-papillate in fresh or even dry fruits (Fig. 8D). Seed black, ± keeled, with small crater-like micro-depressions (Fig. 8E, F). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_7_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 9. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_7_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodium fruits and seeds. A pericarp surface of C.karoiB, C seed of C.karoiD fruit of C.bengalense enclosed in perianth E, F seed of C.bengalense. Magnification: 350× (A), 50× (B, D, E), 200× (C, F).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260749.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260749.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_7_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiumbengalense (circles), C.novopokrovskyanum (triangles) and C.atripliciforme (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260750.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260750.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_8_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nThe species is similar to C.album, but the leaves are bi-coloured (green or greyish adaxially and white-farinose abaxially), narrowly oblong to lanceolate. Fruit 1.0–1.1 mm in diameter, ca. 0.6 mm thick, seed almost smooth with indistinctly polygonal ultra-sculpture and indistinct pits (Fig. 10A, B). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_8_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 9. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_8_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodium seeds. A, BC.novopokrovskyanumC, DC.atripliciformeE, FC.perttii. Magnification: 50× (A, C, E), 200× (B, D, F).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260751.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260751.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_8_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_8 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiumbengalense (circles), C.novopokrovskyanum (triangles) and C.atripliciforme (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260750.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260750.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_9_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 1 m, mostly branched; leaves petiolate (petioles up to 4 cm). Leaf blades triangular, basally truncate or broadly cuneate, entire to erose-dentate. Inflorescence branched, terminal and axillar, slender; clusters consisting of 2–4 flowers or rarely flowers solitary. Fruit 1.2–1.4 mm with papillate pericarp. Seed black, almost smooth with indistinct small pits (Fig. 10C, D). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_9_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 9. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_9_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodium seeds. A, BC.novopokrovskyanumC, DC.atripliciformeE, FC.perttii. Magnification: 50× (A, C, E), 200× (B, D, F).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260751.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260751.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_9_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiumbengalense (circles), C.novopokrovskyanum (triangles) and C.atripliciforme (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260750.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260750.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_10_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 1(1.5–2) m with erect, scarcely branched stem. Leaves dark green, petiolate (petioles up to 3 cm), blades 3–4 × 2–3 cm, base truncate or broadly cuneate, margins often red; lower leaves triangular, entire to lobate; middle leaves trilobate with elongated mid-lobe (less than two times as long as the lateral ones) gradually tapering to apex and slightly upward-directed lateral lobes, lobes mostly entire; upper leaves also trilobate or entire, narrowly oblong. Inflorescence green, aphyllous or rather bracteose. Fruit ~1.5 mm, pericarp separating from the seed (not easily) with minute papillae that are hardly restored after soaking, almost smooth in dry fruit. Seed prominently keeled, surface with radial striae (Fig. 10E, F). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_10_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 11. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_10_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodium seeds. A, BC.novopokrovskyanumC, DC.atripliciformeE, FC.perttii. Magnification: 50× (A, C, E), 200× (B, D, F).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260751.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260751.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_10_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiumperttii.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260752.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260752.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_14_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, glabrous or covered with bladder hairs. Leaves triangular or rhombic, petiolate, entire, dentate or lobate, rarely pinnatisect. Inflorescences spreading, mostly leafless, often with scattered yellowish glandular hairs. Flowers bisexual or female with 5 perianth segments that do not change at the fruiting stage. Perianth segments free or connate to the half of their length; midvein clearly elevated adaxially. Stamens 5. Stigmas 2. Fruit 1.2–2.5 mm in diameter; pericarp 1–2-layered with conical or cylindrical papillae, forming alveolate (in fresh fruits) or reticulate (in dry fruits) surface. Seed black, with keel or not, alveolate or punctate, sometimes with deep combs; seed-coat testa with vertical or obliquely orientated stalactites. Latent structural heterospermy expressed as varying testa thickness found in some species; seed embryo horizontal. \nAt least 10 species in all continents. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual, 10–50 cm, erect, with several lateral branches, slightly mealy. Leaves 2.0–6.0 × 1.0–5.0 cm, dark green, broadly deltoid-ovate, upper leaves narrow and long-acuminate, mucronulate, cuneate, coarsely and irregularly dentate, rarely subentire or erose-dentate; teeth acute and ± incurved. Inflorescences terminal and axillary (leafy) with loosely branched cymes. Perianth segments slightly keeled with a distinct swelling below the apex. Fruit 1.3–1.4 mm, pericarp tightly adjoining the seed, papillate. Seed with prominent keel and surface densely covered with small pits (Fig. 13A, B). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 14. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 12.\n Chenopodiastrummurale plants at blooming stage. Photograph by A. Sukhorukov (Dead Sea area, Israel, February 2011).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260753.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260753.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodiastrummurale (A, B) and C.badachschanicum (C, D) seeds. Magnification: 50× (A, C), 200× (B, D).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260754.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260754.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15_p_3 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_15 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 14.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiastrummurale (circles) and C.badachschanicum (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260755.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260755.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_16_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \n(based on the specimens growing in our area): Annual up to 100 cm, almost glabrous or only slightly mealy in the upper part. Leaf axils with numerous fertile or sterile brachyblasts. Leaves long-petiolate, continuously shortening upwards; petioles 3.0–10.0 cm; blades 4.0–10.0 cm long, triangular-hastate, entire or with 1–2 unequal lateral lobes in lower part of the leaves, apex attenuate (similar to the leaves of Atriplexmicrantha C.A.Mey.). Inflorescence leafy or bracteose, consisting of short lateral branches with scattered yellow glands. Perianth segments halfway connate, slightly keeled in the upper part or smooth; margins in the upper part of the segments covered with bladder hairs intermixed with scattered simple hairs. Fruit 1.3–1.8 mm (usually 1.4–1.7 mm) long, 0.9–1.1 mm thick, pericarp brownish, easily ruptured at maturity, slightly alveolate or smooth in dry fruits (with tiny papillae in fresh or soaked fruits). Seed depressed globular, black, keeled, shiny, rugulose, with sinuous surface as well as scattered indistinct longitudinal striae with shallow pits (Fig. 13C, D). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_16_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 14. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_16_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 13.\n SEM micrographs of Chenopodiastrummurale (A, B) and C.badachschanicum (C, D) seeds. Magnification: 50× (A, C), 200× (B, D).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260754.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260754.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_16_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_16 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 14.\n Distribution map of Chenopodiastrummurale (circles) and C.badachschanicum (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260755.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260755.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_17_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_17 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, branched from the base or with a single stem, prostrate or erect, glabrous or covered with bladder hairs. Leaves alternate, entire to lobate, rhombic, triangular or oblong, sometimes lanceolate, green from both sides or whitish abaxially. Inflorescence racemiform with lateral branches mostly appressed to the stem; flowers arranged in dense glomerules. Perianth of 3–5 free or diversely connate, hyaline or greenish segments (both perianth forms are present in some species), keeled or not. Flowers bisexual or sometimes female (lateral flowers). Stamens 2–5. Stylodia 2. Pericarp thin, smooth, mamillate or rarely papillate. Seeds usually small (up to 1.2 mm in diameter), red or black. Embryo horizontal or vertical and both embryo positions may be present in one individual (spatial heterospermy). Structural (latent) heterospermy expressed in the varying thickness of the seed coat is common in almost all representatives; outer cell wall of the testa cells with stalactites. \nTwelve to fourteen species in the temperate and mountainous parts of Eurasia, Africa and the Americas. One species in Himalaya and Tibet. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_18_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 70 cm, branched from the base, sometimes forming cushion-like habit at high elevations; stem often prostrate to ascending, rarely straight. Leaves up to 6 × 2 cm, petiolate, cuneate at base, oblong or lanceolate, dentate or lobate with 2–5 lobes, rarely entire, green adaxially, grey or whitish below. Inflorescence leafy, loose. Perianth segments 3 to 5, almost free with hyaline margins, keeled along midrib, opened at fruiting stage. Fruit 0.65–0.8 mm in diameter, pericarp smooth, whitish, often ruptured. Seed reddish, without keel; embryo in both vertical and horizontal positions (spatial heterospermy), structural (latent) heterospermy expressed in different thickness of seed-coat testa. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_18_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 15. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_18_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_18 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 15.\n Distribution map of Oxybasisglauca.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260756.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260756.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_19_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_19 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual herbs, subshrubs or shrubs, monoecious or dioecious, covered with bladder hairs having short basal cell and globular terminal cell; occasionally, other hair types (simple bristle-like or curved hairs) can be detected under higher magnification. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple, flat, petiolate. Inflorescence leafy or not, consisting of few or numerous flowers that are usually unisexual. The male and bisexual flowers are enclosed by (3–4)5 green perianth segments that remain unchanged at fruiting in bisexual flowers; female flowers enclosed by two accrescent perianth segments [valves] (often called ‘bracteoles’ or bract-like cover) that are free or connate to varying degrees. Seeds have a vertical embryo, some seeds rarely with horizontally orientated embryo. Often (in annual species) heterospermy is present (seed coat black and brown/red). \nThe largest genus amongst the Chenopodiaceae (~260 species). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_20_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 50 cm, basally branched and forming a tumble-weed habit at the fruiting stage. Leaves triangular or rhombic-triangular, rarely ovate, mostly entire. Inflorescence leafy to the top. Female flowers in axillary clusters and intermixed with male flowers, forming terminal inflorescences. Bract-like cover enclosing the female flowers sessile or pedunculate (peduncles up to 2 cm), rhombic with concrescent (from 1/2 to 2/3) valves 5.0–10.0(15.0) mm long, sclerified and slightly inflated, entire or dentate, either without abaxial outgrowths or with acute outgrowths. Seeds heteromorphic: red seeds convex, 1.5–2.0(2.5) mm in diameter, brown seeds 2.0–2.5(3.0) mm, flattened. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_20_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 16. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_20_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_20 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 16.\n Distribution map of Atriplexcentralasiatica (circles) and A.pallida (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260757.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260757.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_21_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 70 cm, basally branched with ascending stems. Leaves triangular, oblong or rhombic-triangular, entire or dentate, sometimes with two marginal lobes; upper leaves lanceolate. Inflorescence leafy in lower part. Female flowers in axillary clusters and intermixed with male flowers forming terminal inflorescences. Bract-like cover enclosing the female flowers sessile or shortly pedunculate (peduncles up to 3.0 mm), ovate, rhombic or triangular, 1.2–5.0(7.0) mm long, sclerified but not or slightly inflated, entire or dentate, usually without outgrowths on the back. Seeds heteromorphic: red seeds convex, 0.7–1.2 mm in diameter, brown seeds 1.2–1.8 mm, flattened. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_21_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 16. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_21_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_21 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 16.\n Distribution map of Atriplexcentralasiatica (circles) and A.pallida (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260757.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260757.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_22_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 30(50) cm, branched at the base with ascending stems but not forming tumble-weed habit at the fruiting stage. Stems and leaves covered with white and brown bladder hairs. Leaves grey on both sides, oblong or spatulate, entire or crisp. Inflorescence leafy. Bract-like cover enclosing the female flowers 3.0–7.0 mm long, rhombic, entire or dentate with concrescent (up to 1/3–1/2) valves, valves sessile or pedicellate (pedicels up to 3 mm), sclerified and inflated in the lower part, abaxial surface smooth or with two small outgrowths. Seeds heteromorphic: red seeds convex, 1.0–1.7 mm, brown seeds flattened, 1.2–1.8 mm. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_22_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 17. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_22_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_22 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 17.\n Distribution map of Atriplexpamirica (circles), A.hortensis (stars) and Microgynoeciumtibeticum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260758.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260758.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_23_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 150 cm, erect, usually branched. Leaf petioles 1.5–4.0 cm, blades 4.0–15.0(22.0) × 3.5–7.0(8.0–20.0) cm, triangular-hastate or ovoid, entire or dentate, basally slightly cordate or rounded, apically obtuse, green or reddish, glabrous or with scattered bladder hairs abaxially. Inflorescence mostly basally leafy, spike-like. As a rule, three kinds of flowers are present: (i) male flowers surrounded by a perianth with (4)5 segments, (ii) bisexual flowers surrounded by a perianth with (4)5 segments (sometimes not observed in the Indian specimens) and (iii) female flowers supported only by two accrescent, basally connate perianth valves forming a bract-like cover up to 12.0(15.0–20.0) mm in diameter, valves sessile or sometimes tapered into a peduncle up to 5 mm long (seen on Indian material). Seeds heteromorphic (three seed types present on one individual). Black seeds (1.6–1.8 mm in diameter) are formed in second (ii) and third (iii) flower types while the brownish ones (2.0–3.5 mm) are usually yielded by female (iii) flowers. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_23_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 17. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_23_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_23 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 17.\n Distribution map of Atriplexpamirica (circles), A.hortensis (stars) and Microgynoeciumtibeticum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260758.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260758.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_24_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_24 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nMonoecious annuals up to 20 cm with scattered, long-stalked bladder hairs; stems branched, prostrate or ascending; at elevations above 5000 m plants are often cushion-like. Leaves fleshy or not, petiolate (petiole up to 1.5–2.0 cm), green, leaf blades up to 1.5 cm, decreasing in size upwards, entire, rhombic, ovate or oblong, mostly entire or sometimes with small lateral lobes. Male flowers inconspicuous with (4)5 hyaline perianth segments and 2–4 stamens with large (ca. 2.0 mm) protruding filaments in anthesis, anthers ~0.5 mm; female flowers hidden in bract (each bract usually covers 3 female flowers) without a conspicuous perianth. Fruits and seeds dimorphic. The fruits of the first type reddish-brown, 0.9–1.0 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm thick, ear-like pericarp appendages in the upper part of the fruit up to 0.1 mm and much smaller in the lower part; pericarp one-layered, some cells papillate; seed testa 10–12 µm thick, undulate, outer cell walls with stalactites. The fruits of the second type dark, 1.0–1.5 mm long, 0.75–0.80 mm thick (visibly swollen) with ear-like pericarp outgrowths up to 0.1 mm expressed throughout; pericarp one-layered with papillate cells, 12–15 µm; seed coat testa 20–25 µm thick. Seed coat tegmen of both seed types minute; embryo vertical, annular; perisperm present. The fruit anatomy is similar to that of Archiatriplex Chu (Kadereit et al. 2010), especially in the presence of pericarp outgrowths over the fruit surface (Sukhorukov 2014). \nOne species in Himalaya, Tibet, Pamir and Tian Shan. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_25_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_25 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSee the genus description. Microgynoeciumtibeticum is often confused with Chenopodiumpamiricum; both species are present in North Himalaya at high altitudes. In the early blooming stage, M.tibeticum differs by having unisexual flowers and long (2.0 mm) filaments of stamens protruding from the perianth (Chenopodiumpamiricum has bisexual flowers and shorter filaments). The fruit and seed characters greatly differ between the genera. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_25_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_25 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 17. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_25_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_25 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 17.\n Distribution map of Atriplexpamirica (circles), A.hortensis (stars) and Microgynoeciumtibeticum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260758.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260758.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_26_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_26 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual or perennial herbs, glabrous or covered with bladder hairs (scattered glandular hairs may be present). Leaves long-petiolate with triangular, hastate or rhombic blades; basal leaves often in a rosette. Inflorescences leafy or aphyllous in the upper part. Flowers in dense glomerules, bisexual or sometimes unisexual. Perianth of 1–5 free or insignificantly concrescent segments or perianth reduced, green, but sometimes fleshy and red or indurated in the fruiting stage. Stamens 1–5, usually equalling the perianth segments. Stigmas 2–3. Fruits with 1–2(3)-layered, smooth or mamillate pericarp, usually tightly adjoining the seed coat. Seed round or ovoid, red or reddish-black, without keel or with 2 blunt keels. Seed surface smooth or alveolate; testa cells without stalactites, sometimes with hair-like outgrowths. Seed embryo horizontally or vertically orientated or sometimes both embryo positions present on an individual (spatial heterospermy). \nApproximately 14 species worldwide. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_27_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual or short-lived perennial up to 60 cm tall, glabrous or covered with scattered glandular hairs in the upper part. Basal leaves numerous, up to 25 cm long, cauline leaves up to 20 cm, long-petiolate with triangular blades, truncate or slightly cuneate at base, margins erose-dentate or lobate. Inflorescence leafy to the apex; bracts dentate to lobate. Flowers in dense clusters up to 8 mm in diameter. Perianth segments 3–5, basally concrescent, green and membranous at anthesis but usually turning red and fleshy at the fruiting stage (sometimes remaining green). Pericarp adhering to the seed coat, hyaline, consisting of 1(2) very thin layers. Seeds ovoid, 1.0–1.2 × 0.7 mm, dark red, with a groove and two blunt keels. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_27_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 18. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_27_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_27 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 18.\n Distribution map of Blitumvirgatum.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260759.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260759.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_28_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_28 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAromatic annuals or, rarely, perennial herbs and small subshrubs covered with glandular hairs, subsessile yellow or orange glands and simple white hairs. Leaves alternate, entire, lobate or pinnatisect. Inflorescence lax or dense, leafy or not, consisting of cymes that are often reduced to one flower only. Perianth segments 2–5, free or variously connate, the midrib usually with keel. Stamens 1–5. Styles 2, free or basally connate. Fruit subglobose or rarely flattened, 0.3–1.5 mm, its surface reticulate or papillate, rarely smooth, dark coloured but often with whitish longitudinal stripes. Pericarp adjoining the seed coat, rarely bursting, hyaline, consisting of 1–2 very thin layers. Seed reddish or reddish-black, sometimes brown, its testa (outer seed coat layer) lacking vertical tannin-like deposits called “stalactites” in cross-section. Embryo horizontal or vertical, sometimes in both positions within one plant (spatial heterospermy). \nMore than 50 species worldwide, mostly in the tropics and subtropics. According to the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny (Kadereit et al. in prep.), the genus Dysphania is monophyletic and there is no reason to accept the genera Neobotrydium or Ambrina as was recently proposed (Zhang and Zhu 2016, Zhu and Sanderson 2017). All native species are closely related and belong to a large clade consisting of Eurasian and African representatives. The mountainous areas of Himalaya and Tibet are now considered one of the four centres of Dysphania diversity, together with Australia, South America and East Tropical Africa (Sukhorukov and Kushunina 2014, Sukhorukov et al. 2016a). The evident structural fruit and seed dimorphism in Dysphania (D.tibetica) is stated here for the first time. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual or short-lived perennial up to 1.5(2.0) m, very aromatic, covered (at least the young parts of the plant) with curved simple hairs, yellow (subsessile) glands and glandular hairs with a prominent stalk. Leaves long-petiolate, 5.0–16.0 × 1.0–4.0 cm, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, dentate or sinuate; upper leaves often entire. Inflorescence usually highly branched, spike-like, bracteate or aphyllous in the upper part. Flowers sessile. Perianth segments (4)5, green, ca. 1.0 mm long, (nearly) half concrescent, concave near the apex, completely enclosing the fruit (Fig. 20A). Pericarp thin, hyaline, tightly adjoining the seed coat but separating from it when rubbed, in its upper part covered with glandular hairs (up to 0.12 mm long) with a large terminal cell (Fig. 20B). Seed dark red or almost black, 0.7 × 0.5–0.6 mm, not keeled. Embryo horizontal, rarely oblique or vertical. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 21. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 19.\n Dysphaniaambrosioides: A general view B close-up of the inflorescence branch. Photographs by A. Sukhorukov (Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, February 2018).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260760.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260760.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 20.\n SEM micrographs: A perianth of DysphaniaambrosioidesB pericarp of DysphaniaambrosioidesC perianth of D.himalaicaD pericarp of D.himalaicaE perianth of D.bhutanicaF pericarp of D.bhutanicaG perianth of D.kitiaeH pericarp of D.kitiae. Magnification: 150× (A), 250× (C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260761.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260761.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29_p_3 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_29 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 21.\n Distribution map of Dysphaniaambrosioides (circles) and D.himalaica (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260762.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260762.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_30_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 15(20) cm, mostly branched from the base. Leaves appressed to the stem, short-petiolate, up to 4.0 × 1.0 cm, narrowly oblong or lanceolate, entire, sinuous or slightly lobate, green, with scattered simple hairs and subsessile yellow glands. Inflorescence leafy in the lower part, covered with short, semi-appressed white simple hairs (up to 0.4 mm long) and scattered subsessile yellow glands. Perianth segments (4)5, 0.9–1.2 × 0.25–0.40 mm, almost free, somewhat swollen near midrib with a short, white or reddish mucro(s) at the tip, their dorsal part with stout simple hairs (up to 0.15 mm), often red at the segment tips and scattered glands up to 0.1 mm (Fig. 20C). Pericarp whitish, minutely papillate, separating from the seed (Fig. 20D). Fruit 0.7–0.9 × 0.7 mm, subspherical; seed reddish, keeled; embryo vertical or sometimes horizontal (spatial heterospermy). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_30_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 21. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_30_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 20.\n SEM micrographs: A perianth of DysphaniaambrosioidesB pericarp of DysphaniaambrosioidesC perianth of D.himalaicaD pericarp of D.himalaicaE perianth of D.bhutanicaF pericarp of D.bhutanicaG perianth of D.kitiaeH pericarp of D.kitiae. Magnification: 150× (A), 250× (C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260761.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260761.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_30_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_30 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 21.\n Distribution map of Dysphaniaambrosioides (circles) and D.himalaica (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260762.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260762.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_31_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_31 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 100 cm. Stem covered with short simple hairs and subsessile, orange or yellow glands. Leaves pinnatisect, 2.0–9.0 × 1.0–2.5 cm, long-petiolate; their segments oblong or lanceolate, sinuate to lobed, usually densely covered with short simple hairs intermixed with scattered glands. Inflorescence up to 20 cm long, leafy at least in basal and middle parts with scattered curved simple (up to 0.2 mm) hairs and subsessile glands. Perianth segments 5, almost free, 0.7–0.9 × 0.35–0.40 mm; their dorsal part with stout simple hairs (up to 0.08 mm) and orange (rarely yellow) glands (Fig. 20E). Fruit 0.6–0.7 × 0.5 mm in diameter, subspherical, pericarp minutely papillate (Fig. 20F). Seed blackish, keeled; embryo horizontal. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_31_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_31 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 22. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_31_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_31 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 20.\n SEM micrographs: A perianth of DysphaniaambrosioidesB pericarp of DysphaniaambrosioidesC perianth of D.himalaicaD pericarp of D.himalaicaE perianth of D.bhutanicaF pericarp of D.bhutanicaG perianth of D.kitiaeH pericarp of D.kitiae. Magnification: 150× (A), 250× (C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260761.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260761.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_31_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_31 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 22.\n Distribution map of Dysphaniabhutanica (circles) and D.kitiae (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260763.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260763.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_32_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 50 cm, strongly aromatic. Leaves 4.0–10.0 × 2.0–4.0 cm, long-petiolate, elliptic-oblong in outline, apex rounded. Inflorescence with indumentum consisting of scattered short simple hairs (up to 0.3 mm long) and subsessile glands. Perianth segments 5, basally connate, 1.0–1.2 × 0.5–0.6 mm; their dorsal part with yellow glands and scattered stout simple hairs (up to 0.1 mm), the latter mostly localised in the upper half of the segments (Fig. 20G). Fruit 0.7–0.9 mm, subspherical. Pericarp with minute conical papillae up to 25 μm (Fig. 20H); seed blackish; embryo horizontal. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_32_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 22. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_32_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 20.\n SEM micrographs: A perianth of DysphaniaambrosioidesB pericarp of DysphaniaambrosioidesC perianth of D.himalaicaD pericarp of D.himalaicaE perianth of D.bhutanicaF pericarp of D.bhutanicaG perianth of D.kitiaeH pericarp of D.kitiae. Magnification: 150× (A), 250× (C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260761.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260761.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_32_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_32 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 22.\n Distribution map of Dysphaniabhutanica (circles) and D.kitiae (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260763.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260763.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_33_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_33 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 50 cm, mostly branched from the base, green or yellowish-green; stem and leaves densely covered with simple (up to 0.3 mm long) and glandular hairs. Lower leaves long-petiolate, up to 6.0(7.0–10.0) cm, pinnatifid; middle and upper leaves shorter, up to 5.0 cm, sometimes almost entire and crisp, very aromatic. Inflorescence up to 20 cm long with ± dense indumentum consisting of curved simple (up to 0.3 mm) hairs partially intermixed with glandular hairs. Perianth segments 5, free, 0.7–0.8 × 0.5 mm; their dorsal part with glandular hairs (up to 0.125 mm long) having scaphoid terminal cell and with scattered stout simple hairs up to 0.075 mm (Fig. 23A). Fruit 0.6–0.8 mm, subspherical; pericarp with minute, wart-like papillae (Fig. 23B); seed blackish, slightly keeled; embryo horizontal. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_33_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_33 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 24. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_33_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_33 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n SEM micrographs: A perianth of D.botrysB pericarp of D.botrysC perianth of D.geoffreyiD pericarp of D.geoffreyiE perianth of D.neglectaF pericarp of D.neglectaG perianth of D.nepalensisH pericarp of D.nepalensis. Magnification: 250× (A, C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260764.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260764.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_33_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_33 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 24.\n Distribution map of Dysphaniabotrys (circles) and D.geoffreyi (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260765.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260765.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_34_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual, 5–50 cm tall, stem erect, often scarcely branched and then only in the upper part, branches directed upwards. Leaves pinnatifid or lobate, rarely toothed, appressed to the stem, up to 2.5 cm long, shortly petiolate (petioles 0.2–1.0 cm); lower leaves caducous at the flowering and fruiting stages. Inflorescence leafy, lateral branches appressed to the stem or obliquely directed, narrowly cylindrical but not spreading, axis covered with short simple hairs up to 0.3 mm long mixed with glandular trichomes. Perianth segments 5, 0.6–0.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm, cristate on dorsal surface (especially on midrib) with numerous large simple stout hairs up to 0.3 mm, the bases of which can sometimes be concrescent, resulting in 2−3-furcate tips, intermixed with yellow subsessile glands and scattered glandular hairs (Fig. 23C). Fruit subspherical, 0.5–0.6 mm in diameter; pericarp with tiny volcano-like papillae (Fig. 23D). Seed blackish, keeled, embryo horizontal. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_34_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 24. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_34_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n SEM micrographs: A perianth of D.botrysB pericarp of D.botrysC perianth of D.geoffreyiD pericarp of D.geoffreyiE perianth of D.neglectaF pericarp of D.neglectaG perianth of D.nepalensisH pericarp of D.nepalensis. Magnification: 250× (A, C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260764.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260764.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_34_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_34 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 24.\n Distribution map of Dysphaniabotrys (circles) and D.geoffreyi (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260765.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260765.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 25 cm, branched from the base with prostrate or ascending stems. Leaves petiolate, up to 4.0 cm, entire to slightly lobate, scarcely pubescent with curved simple hairs. Inflorescence axillary, leafy and short; its branches flattened and slightly winged, usually shortly bifurcate at the top, relatively densely pubescent with semi-appressed or curved simple hairs up to 0.6 mm long, sometimes with scattered glands. Perianth segments 0.7–0.8 × 0.6 mm; their dorsal part with dense indumentum of soft simple hairs (up to 0.3 mm long) and scattered glandular hairs (Fig. 25). Fruits dimorphic: 1.0–1.1 × 0.9 mm, subspherical, pericarp with conical papillae (Fig. 26A, B) and slightly flattened, 0.8–1.0 × 0.7 mm, broadly ovoid, pericarp with crater-like papillae (Fig. 26C, D). Seeds dimorphic: red, slightly keeled, and brownish, not keeled; seed embryo horizontal. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 27. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 25.\n SEM micrograph of Dysphaniatibetica perianth segment, magnification 250×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260766.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260766.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 26.\n SEM micrographs of Dysphaniatibetica: A, B fruit with red seed C, D fruit with brown seed. Magnification: 75× (A, C), 500× (B, D).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260767.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260767.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35_p_3 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_35 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 27.\n Distribution map of Dysphaniatibetica (circles) and D.neglecta (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260768.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260768.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 100(120) cm tall, green or yellowish-green, very aromatic; stem and leaves densely covered with simple (up to 1.0 mm long) and glandular hairs. Lower leaves long-petiolate, up to 10.0 cm long, pinnatifid, middle and upper leaves shorter, up to 5.0 cm long. Inflorescence up to 45 cm long with villose indumentum consisting of simple (up to 1.0 mm long) hairs partially intermixed with glandular hairs. Perianth segments 5, free, 0.8–1.1 × 0.5 mm long, their dorsal part with glandular hairs (up to 0.125 mm) having scaphoid terminal cell, sometimes also with scattered simple hairs (Fig. 23E). Fruit 0.7–0.8 mm, subspherical; pericarp with minute wart-like papillae (Fig. 23F). Seed blackish, keeled; embryo horizontal. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 27. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Dysphanianepalensis (red plant) at fruiting stage and D.neglecta (green plant) at blooming stage. Photograph by A. Sukhorukov (Midwestern Nepal, Mugu distr., October 2014).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260744.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260744.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n SEM micrographs: A perianth of D.botrysB pericarp of D.botrysC perianth of D.geoffreyiD pericarp of D.geoffreyiE perianth of D.neglectaF pericarp of D.neglectaG perianth of D.nepalensisH pericarp of D.nepalensis. Magnification: 250× (A, C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260764.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260764.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36_p_3 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_36 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 27.\n Distribution map of Dysphaniatibetica (circles) and D.neglecta (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260768.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260768.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 50(70) cm, strongly aromatic. Leaves 4.0–10.0 × 2.0–4.0 cm, long-petiolate, pinnatifid or lobate, elliptic-oblong in outline, apex rounded, pubescent mostly abaxially. Inflorescence lax with ± dense indumentum consisting of simple (up to 1.0 mm long) hairs partially intermixed with glandular hairs. Perianth segments 5, 0.8–1.0 × 0.4–0.5 mm, basally concrescent with stout simple hairs (up to 0.1 mm) forming a keel and yellow subsessile glands (Fig. 23G). Fruit 0.7–0.8 × 0.5 mm, subspherical. Pericarp with minute conical papillae up to 25 μm (Fig. 23H). Seed dark red or almost black, keeled. Embryo horizontal. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 28. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Dysphanianepalensis (red plant) at fruiting stage and D.neglecta (green plant) at blooming stage. Photograph by A. Sukhorukov (Midwestern Nepal, Mugu distr., October 2014).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260744.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260744.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 23.\n SEM micrographs: A perianth of D.botrysB pericarp of D.botrysC perianth of D.geoffreyiD pericarp of D.geoffreyiE perianth of D.neglectaF pericarp of D.neglectaG perianth of D.nepalensisH pericarp of D.nepalensis. Magnification: 250× (A, C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260764.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260764.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37_p_3 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_37 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 28.\n Distribution map of Dysphanianepalensis.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260769.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260769.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_39_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_39 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 25 cm forming tumble-weed habit, non-aromatic, highly branched from the base, branches usually terminating with acicular apices, glabrous or with short papillae and white glandular hairs (mostly present in lower stem parts). Leaves up to 6.0 cm long, narrowly oblong or spatulate, sessile or with petiole-like base, entire, often folded on the ventral side. Inflorescences usually terminate with aristae, sometimes (in wet habitats) without acicular apices; flowers solitary in the axils of falsely dichotomous branches. Perianth segments 5, free at base, with slightly keeled midrib, hyaline or pinkish, glabrous. Styles 2(3). Fruit 0.7–0.8 mm, compressedly spherical. Pericarp tightly adjoining the seed coat and separating from it when rubbed, without papillae. Seeds reddish-black, keeled. Embryo horizontal, rarely obliquely or vertically orientated. \nOne species mostly distributed in Central Asia and alien in many parts of temperate Eurasia and North America. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_40_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_40 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSee the genus description. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_40_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_40 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 29. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_40_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_40 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 29.\n Distribution map of Teloxysaristata (stars) and Axyrisprostrata (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260770.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260770.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_41_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_41 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nMonoecious annuals covered with stellate hairs sometimes intermixed with simple multicellular hairs. Leaves short- or long-petiolate, blade ovate, oblong, spatulate or lanceolate, entire, rarely crisp. Male flowers arranged in terminal spike-like inflorescences up to 8.0 cm long, with minute perianths of 3–5 free hyaline segments and with 2–5 stamens; female flowers located in the bract axils, with five perianth segments. Fruits always dimorphic (heterocarpous); pericarp tightly adjoining the seed coat with small ear-like appendages at the apex of the fruit. Seeds also dimorphic (with thick and thin seed-coat testa). Embryo vertical, horseshoe-shaped or annular; perisperm present. \nSix species in Eurasia, predominantly in Central Asia; one (A.amaranthoides) is found as an alien plant in many parts of Europe and North America. Fruit morphology and anatomy as well as the peculiarities in plant pubescence are considered the most valuable characters for species delimitation (Sukhorukov 2005, 2011). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_42_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_42 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual with several prostrate stems up to 25 cm long; at high elevations (4000–5000 m), the plant often has a pincushion habit with small branches and short internodes. Leaves long-petiolate, spatulate, up to 3.5 cm, entire, with longer (up to 1.5 mm) stellate hairs near the leaf base, substituted in other parts by short-rayed hairs. Male inflorescence up to 2.0 cm. Perianth of the female flowers with scattered simple hairs. All fruits compressed; black fruits 1.5–2.2 mm long, oblong, with hardly noticeable or indistinct ear-like appendages; brown fruits 1.3–1.8(2.2) mm long, pear-like, with small appendages. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_42_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_42 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 29. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_42_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_42 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 29.\n Distribution map of Teloxysaristata (stars) and Axyrisprostrata (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260770.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260770.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_43_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_43 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 40 cm, main stem erect with ascending branches, green or red, densely covered with short-rayed (up to 1.0 mm) stellate hairs at least in its upper part. Leaves short-petiolate, oblong or ovate, up to 6.0 × 2.0 cm, with short-rayed stellate hairs, dark green. Male inflorescence up to 3.0 cm long. Perianth of the female flowers with dense and large simple hairs. All fruits compressed, oblong; black fruits 1.5–1.8 mm long with very small (up to 0.15 mm) appendices on the pericarp that are indistinct in most cases; brown or reddish-brown fruits (1.6)2.0–2.4 mm long. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_43_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_43 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 30. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_43_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_43 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 30.\n Distribution map of Axyrismira (circles) and A.sphaerosperma (star).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260771.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260771.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_44_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_44 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 40 cm, erect; stem with stellate hairs having a large central ray of 0.7–2.5(3.0) mm long, such hairs especially abundant on stems and leaf petioles. Leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, up to 5 cm, oblong. Male inflorescence up to 2.0 cm long. Perianth of the female flowers with sparse, but large simple hairs. Fruits of two types: subglobose, black, 1.4–1.6 mm with hardly noticeable or indistinct ear-like appendices; the second type ± compressed, ovoid, blackish, 1.6–2.0 mm, also with hardly noticeable or indistinct ear-like appendices. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_44_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_44 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 30. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_44_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_44 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 30.\n Distribution map of Axyrismira (circles) and A.sphaerosperma (star).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260771.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260771.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_48_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_48 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSubshrubs or shrubs up to 2 m (much smaller at higher altitudes). Stem and leaves covered with stellate hairs often turning fulvous when dry. Leaves alternate, short-petiolate, entire, linear, oblong or ovate, basally cuneate to slightly cordate, green. Flowers unisexual (plants monoecious); male flowers agglomerated in dense spike-like inflorescences that terminate the branches, perianth hyaline with 3–5 almost free segments covered with stellate but easily caducous indumentum, stamens 3–5; female flowers positioned below the male ones, enclosed by a cover consisting of two at least halfway fused accrescent bracts with long simple hairs and much smaller stellate hairs. Styles 2. Fruits with hyaline, very thin pericarp covered with scattered stellate hairs. Seeds ~2.0 mm with thin seed coat, perisperm abundant. Embryo vertical, horseshoe-shaped. \nOne species in the deserts of Eurasia and North America. According to recent investigations (Heklau and Röser 2008), the genus comprises one species. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_49_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_49 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSee the genus description. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_49_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_49 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 31. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_49_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_49 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 31.\n Distribution map of Krascheninnikoviaceratoides.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260772.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260772.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_50_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_50 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nGlabrous or scarcely pubescent annual up to 50(70) cm, branches often terminating in acicular apices. Leaves long-petiolate, up to 10.0 cm, broadly ovate or ovoid, dentate or erose, teeth straight or incurved, tip mucronate, blades glabrous or sparsely covered with simple, often curved hairs. Inflorescences in the leaf axils, quite short, falsely dichotomous. Perianth of 5 free segments, keeled along midrib. Stamens 2, anthers small, 0.2–0.3 mm, without appendages. Stylodia concrescent into column in their lower half. Fruit dehiscent by a lid; pericarp white or greenish with several homocellular layers. Seeds dark-red, depressed-globular, ~1.3 mm in diameter, smooth. \nOne species in Himalaya and West and Central China. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_51_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_51 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSee the genus description. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_51_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_51 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 32. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_51_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_51 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 32.\n Distribution map of Acroglochinpersicarioides.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260773.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260773.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_52_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_52 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, branched from the base, often forming tumble-weed habit, covered with branched hairs, usually glabrescent at the fruiting stage. Leaves sessile, filiform to ovoid, green or greyish, sometimes red from both sides. Perianth absent or of 1–3 hyaline segments. Stamens 1–3, anthers 0.2–0.3 mm long. Stylodia 2 with persistent lower part. Fruit ovoid or roundish, 1.5–6.5 mm, glabrous or covered with branched (usually caducous) hairs, adaxially plain or slightly concave, abaxially convex; marginal wing membranous, well-developed or tiny. Fruit apex roundish, triangular or emarginate. Pericarp either adherent to the seed coat or its outer layer forms wart-like or (rarely) wavy detachments; groups of dark-brown cells filled with tannins are often present in the outer pericarp layer. Seed coat of two or more thin layers. \nFruit anatomy plays the most important role in the diagnostics of the species groups. The following characters can be noted (Sukhorukov 2007b): (1) thickness of the fruit, (2) thickness of the outer pericarp layer, (3) presence of sclereids in the medial fruit part and their quantity and orientation and (4) outline and size of the fruit wing. \nThe exact species number is still unknown, but it is estimated at approximately 80 (Sukhorukov 2014). \nAll species encountered in our area are alpine plants growing at elevations of 2800–5000 m. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_53_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_53 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 40 cm, slightly pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate or narrowly oblong, often recurved, up to 3.0 × 0.5 cm. Inflorescence elongated, with many flowers. Bracts usually recurved, sickle-shaped, not completely covering the fruit. Fruits 3.5–4.0 × 3.0 mm, glabrous but sometimes with dark-brown cells and scattered warts (Fig. 33A); fruit margin emarginate at the top. Wing 0.45–0.60 mm, denticulate or crisp, narrowly triangular in cross-section. Sclereids in the medium fruit part consist of 1–2 cell layers orientated parallel to the fruit axis. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_53_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_53 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 34. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_53_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_53 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 33.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.falcatumBC.nanumCC.pamiricumDC.dutreuiliivar.montanumEC.dutreuiliivar.dutreuiliiFC.pseudofalcatum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_53_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_53 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 34.\n Distribution map of Corispermumfalcatum (circles), C.nanum (stars), C.pamiricum (squares) and C.dutreuiliivar.montanum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260775.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260775.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_54_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_54 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nDwarfish, densely pubescent annual up to 6 cm with a single stem or with short lateral branches. Leaves linear, up to 1.5(2.0) mm wide. Inflorescence very short, with several flowers. Bracts slightly shorter than fruits (fruit margins visible). Fruit ovoid, 2.5–2.7 × 2.0 mm, glabrous, apex rounded and only slightly emarginated (Fig. 33B); no visible detachments of the pericarp from the seed coat are present. Wing conspicuous (0.3–0.4 mm), entire, triangular in cross-section. Pericarp in medium fruit part without sclereids or with one layer located parallel to the fruit axis. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_54_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_54 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 34. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_54_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_54 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 33.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.falcatumBC.nanumCC.pamiricumDC.dutreuiliivar.montanumEC.dutreuiliivar.dutreuiliiFC.pseudofalcatum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_54_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_54 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 34.\n Distribution map of Corispermumfalcatum (circles), C.nanum (stars), C.pamiricum (squares) and C.dutreuiliivar.montanum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260775.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260775.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_55_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_55 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 20 cm, usually pubescent. Leaves linear to narrowly oblong, up to 2.0 × 0.5(0.7) cm, with a mucro at the top. Inflorescence short, its branches with 5–15 flowers. Bracts significantly shorter than leaves, ovoid, (almost) completely covering the fruit, sometimes recurved at the fruiting stage. Fruit 2.2–3.0 × 1.7–2.0 mm, 0.40–0.60 mm thick, with entire margin and indistinctly triangular or roundish apex terminating in slightly emarginate beak (Fig. 33C), glabrous and mostly smooth (without detachments), sometimes with groups of dark-brown tanniniferous cells. Wing small, 0.15–0.30 mm, broadly triangular in cross-section. Pericarp without detachments. Sclereids in the medium fruit part composed of 1–2 layers located parallel to the fruit axis. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_55_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_55 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 34. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_55_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_55 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 33.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.falcatumBC.nanumCC.pamiricumDC.dutreuiliivar.montanumEC.dutreuiliivar.dutreuiliiFC.pseudofalcatum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_55_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_55 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 34.\n Distribution map of Corispermumfalcatum (circles), C.nanum (stars), C.pamiricum (squares) and C.dutreuiliivar.montanum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260775.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260775.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_56_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_56 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 20 cm, glabrescent with ascending branches. Leaves linear to oblong (the lower leaves often spatulate), up to 3.0 × 0.6 cm, often recurved with visible white margins and a mucro at the top. Inflorescence elongated, with many flowers. Bracts leaf-like, lanceolate, significantly exceeding the fruit in length and covering it completely laterally. Fruit 2.8–3.5(4.0) × 2.0–2.5 mm, flat or often folded, acute (triangular) apex with verrucose (warty) surface, without stellate hairs (type variety) or with stellate hairs (var. montanum) and clearly visible (0.45–0.70 mm) undulate wing that is narrowly triangular in cross-section. Pericarp detachments up to 100 µm. Sclereids in medium fruit part with 1–2 layers located parallel to the fruit axis, rarely with no sclereids. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_56_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_56 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nCorispermumdutreuilii seems to be the most common species of the genus in Ladakh and NW Xizang. Both varieties can grow together, e.g. in Ladakh (collection numbers 3465 & 3470 for the type variety and 6265 & 6266 for var.montanum (PRA)). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_57_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_57 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 34. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_57_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_57 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 33.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.falcatumBC.nanumCC.pamiricumDC.dutreuiliivar.montanumEC.dutreuiliivar.dutreuiliiFC.pseudofalcatum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_57_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_57 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 34.\n Distribution map of Corispermumfalcatum (circles), C.nanum (stars), C.pamiricum (squares) and C.dutreuiliivar.montanum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260775.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260775.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_58_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_58 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 35. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_58_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_58 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 33.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.falcatumBC.nanumCC.pamiricumDC.dutreuiliivar.montanumEC.dutreuiliivar.dutreuiliiFC.pseudofalcatum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_58_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_58 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 35.\n Distribution map of Corispermumdutreuiliivar.dutreuilii (circles), C.pseudofalcatum (star) and C.lhasaense (triangle).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260776.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260776.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_59_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_59 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual to 20 cm, branched at base, (almost) glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate or oblong, 10.0–30.0 × 3.0–5.0 mm, continuously turning into imbricate bracts. Inflorescence elongated. Bracts lanceolate, appressed to the stem or obliquely orientated, not or slightly recurved, completely covering the fruit. Fruit 4.5–5.5 mm long, glabrous but with scattered warts and tanniniferous pigments, apically emarginate (Fig. 33F), thick (0.7–1.0 mm). Wing clearly visible (0.70)0.90–1.40 mm, denticulate, narrowly triangular in cross-section. Pericarp detachments not detected. Sclereids in medium fruit part with 1–2 inner layers (orientated parallel to the fruit axis). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_59_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_59 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThis species is known only from the type locality (Fig. 35). Both morphological and carpological characters as well as its record in South Tibet indicate its affinity to C.lhasaense. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_59_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_59 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 33.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.falcatumBC.nanumCC.pamiricumDC.dutreuiliivar.montanumEC.dutreuiliivar.dutreuiliiFC.pseudofalcatum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260774.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_59_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_59 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 35.\n Distribution map of Corispermumdutreuiliivar.dutreuilii (circles), C.pseudofalcatum (star) and C.lhasaense (triangle).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260776.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260776.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_60_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_60 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 20 cm, glabrescent. Leaves lanceolate, up to 3.0 × 0.3 cm long. Inflorescence dense, 3–5 cm long. Inflorescence elongated. Bracts oblong to ovoid, moderately recurved or sometimes appressed to the stem, completely covering the fruit. Fruit 3.8–4.7 × 3.0–3.5 mm, glabrous (sometimes with dark-brown tanniniferous cells), thick (0.75–0.85 mm) with well-developed wing 0.65–0.90 mm (especially large near the fruit apex; Fig. 36A). Wing irregularly toothed, emarginate, triangular in cross-section. Pericarp without detachments from the seed coat. Sclereids in the medium fruit part consist of 1–3 cell layers orientated parallel to the fruit axis. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_60_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_60 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 35. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_60_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_60 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 36.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.lhasaenseBC.lepidocarpumCC.gelidumDC.tibeticum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260777.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260777.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_60_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_60 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 35.\n Distribution map of Corispermumdutreuiliivar.dutreuilii (circles), C.pseudofalcatum (star) and C.lhasaense (triangle).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260776.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260776.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_61_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_61 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 20 cm, branched at the base, almost glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves lanceolate or linear, 2.0–4.0 × 0.2–0.4 cm, transforming into imbricate bracts. Inflorescence usually elongated. Bracts lanceolate or linear, often recurved, not completely covering the fruit laterally. Fruits 4.0–5.0 × 3.2–3.5 mm with stellate hairs, pericarp surface often with groups of dark-brown (visually almost black) tanniniferous cells; fruit apex deeply emarginate with two lateral crown-like outgrowths (Fig. 36B). Wing clearly visible (0.85–1.10 mm), irregularly toothed, narrowly triangular in cross-section. Pericarp detachments not detected. Sclereids in medium fruit part with 1–2 outer layers located perpendicular to the fruit axis and 1–3 inner layers (orientated parallel to the fruit axis). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_61_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_61 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 37. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_61_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_61 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 36.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.lhasaenseBC.lepidocarpumCC.gelidumDC.tibeticum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260777.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260777.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_61_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_61 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 37.\n Distribution map of Corispermumlepidocarpum (circles), C.gelidum (stars) and C.tibeticum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260778.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260778.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_62_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_62 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 20 cm, glabrescent. Leaves linear to narrowly oblong, up to 3.0 × 0.5(0.7) cm. Inflorescence short. Bracts shorter than leaves, lanceolate, (almost) completely covering the fruit, appressed to the stem. Fruit 2.6–3.5 × 1.7–2.0 mm, 0.40–0.60 mm thick, flat or folded adaxially, with triangular apex terminating in slightly emarginate beak, with stellate hairs and mostly warty (Fig. 36C), sometimes with groups of dark-brown tanniniferous cells. Wing 0.15–0.45 mm, entire to dentate, broadly triangular in cross-section. Sclereids in the medium fruit part composed of 1–2 layers located parallel to the fruit axis. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_62_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_62 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 37. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_62_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_62 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 36.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.lhasaenseBC.lepidocarpumCC.gelidumDC.tibeticum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260777.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260777.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_62_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_62 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 37.\n Distribution map of Corispermumlepidocarpum (circles), C.gelidum (stars) and C.tibeticum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260778.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260778.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_63_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 30 cm, moderately pubescent, looking greyish even at maturity and the fruiting stage. Leaves lanceolate, spatulate or narrowly oblong, up to 4.0 × 0.5(0.7) cm with a mucro at the top. Inflorescence elongated, its branches with many (up to 30) flowers. Bracts significantly shorter than leaves, ovoid, (almost) completely covering the fruit. Fruit 2.8–3.2 × 2.5 mm, 0.50–0.65 mm thick, body sometimes blackish with entire margin and broadly triangular apex terminating in slightly emarginate beak, glabrous and mostly smooth (without detachments), sometimes with small warts (Fig. 36D). Marginal wing clearly expressed, ~0.30 mm, triangular in cross-section. Sclereids in the medium fruit part in one layer located parallel to the fruit axis or rarely absent. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_63_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 37. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_63_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 36.\n SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.lhasaenseBC.lepidocarpumCC.gelidumDC.tibeticum. Magnification: 30×.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260777.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260777.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_63_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 37.\n Distribution map of Corispermumlepidocarpum (circles), C.gelidum (stars) and C.tibeticum (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260778.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260778.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_65_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_65 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, usually with tumble-weed habit, covered with dendroid hairs (Fig. 38) and sometimes with simple hairs. Leaves sessile or petiolate with linear to orbicular blades, acuminate, soft at earlier stages then usually turning hard and stout, persistent. Inflorescences short, capituliform; each flower with a stout bract, ebracteolate, mostly bisexual. Perianth of 1–5 free hyaline segments. Stamens 1–5. Fruits glabrous or pubescent with easily caducous dendroid hairs. Pericarp leathery, thin and ruptured in the medium fruit portion. The lower part of stylodia persistent and hardened, often with lateral horn-like outgrowths. Seeds ovoid, lenticular, yellow or brownish, sometimes with dark tanniniferous spots. Embryo vertical, horseshoe-shaped; perisperm copious. \nEight species (including a new species described below) distributed in Irano-Turanian region (7 spp.) and Tibet (1 sp.). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_65_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_65 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 38.\n Holotype of Agriophyllumtibeticum Sukhor. sp. nov. (BM001209885).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260779.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260779.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 20(30) cm with tumble-weed habit; stem very densely pubescent with dendroid hairs (up to 2.5 mm in length, Fig. 39A) and often whitish when young with partially persistent hairs in the fruiting stage. Lower leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, continuously decreasing in size and shape in the inflorescence, 2.0–8.0 × 0.5–1.5 cm, tapered in petiole, with (5)6–10 prominent nerves, densely pubescent when young. Inflorescence leafy; flower clusters remote in the lower part of the inflorescence and densely arranged in the upper part. Anthers ~0.3 mm. Pericarp covered with dendroid hairs, glabrescent at fruiting. Seed lens-shaped (Fig. 39B, C), 1.9–2.1 mm × 1.3–1.4 mm, yellow with brownish tanniniferous spots. \nDiffers from the two related species, A.pungens (Vahl) Link ex A.Dietr. and A.gobicum Bunge (if the latter is accepted at the specific rank), by persistent dendroid pubescence (with longer hairs) in the inflorescence at the fruiting stage as well as by its disjunct distribution in South Tibet. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 40. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 38.\n Holotype of Agriophyllumtibeticum Sukhor. sp. nov. (BM001209885).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260779.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260779.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 39.\n SEM micrographs: AAgriophyllumtibeticum, hairs from the stem BA.tibeticum, concave side of the seed CA.tibeticum, convex side of the seed DSuaedaolufsenii, fruit enclosed in the perianth; E, FS.olufsenii, red seed. Magnification: 50× (A, B), 75× (C, D), 100× (E), 500× (F).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260780.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260780.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66_p_3 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_66 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 40.\n Distribution map of Agriophyllumtibeticum (stars) and Suaedaolufsenii (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260781.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260781.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_68_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_68 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, subshrubs or shrubs, glabrous or slightly pubescent with curved or short straight hairs. Stems green or red. Leaves terete or semi-terete, rarely flattened, obtuse or mucronate, with diverse anatomy and photosynthetic pathways. Inflorescences branched, flowers in clusters subtended by a leaf-bract and tiny hyaline bracteoles. Perianth of 5 segments or lobes, sometimes fused almost to the top, free or adhering to the fruit. Fruit glabrous, without papillae. Seeds monomorphic or (in annual species) dimorphic (structural heterospermy). Embryo horizontal or vertical, sometimes both types are present on the same individual (spatial heterospermy). \nMore than 100 species distributed in all continents. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 25 cm, glabrous or young parts are slightly pubescent with curved hairs, branched from the base with prostrate stems. Leaves up to 15.0 × 2.0–4.0 mm, semi-terete without or with an inconspicuous mucro. Inflorescence bracteous. Bracts rather flat, ovoid or elliptical. Flowers 3–12 in clusters. Perianth at fruiting stage with unequal horizontal wing-like projections (Fig. 39D). Stigmas 2. Seeds dimorphic: dark-red seeds 0.9–1.0 mm in diameter, marginally acutish, surface with remarkable polygonal sculpture (Fig. 39E, F), brown seeds 1.1–1.5 mm, with rugose surface. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 40. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 41.\n Suaedaolufsenii at fruiting stage. Photograph by Prashant Awale (ca. 4300 m a.s.l., near Pangong Lake, Jammu & Kashmir, India, September 2011).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260782.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260782.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 39.\n SEM micrographs: AAgriophyllumtibeticum, hairs from the stem BA.tibeticum, concave side of the seed CA.tibeticum, convex side of the seed DSuaedaolufsenii, fruit enclosed in the perianth; E, FS.olufsenii, red seed. Magnification: 50× (A, B), 75× (C, D), 100× (E), 500× (F).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260780.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260780.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69_p_3 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_69 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 40.\n Distribution map of Agriophyllumtibeticum (stars) and Suaedaolufsenii (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260781.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260781.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_71_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_71 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals or subshrubs with simple, alternate, entire, flattened or terete leaves with diverse types of Kranz anatomy. Inflorescence spiciform, leafy, formed of few-flowered axillary clusters. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2–5, hermaphrodite or unisexual (mostly female) with 5 perianth segments that are free or half-way connate and which develop wing-like, spiny or tuberculate outgrowths at the fruiting stage or rarely lack outgrowths. Style very short with 2–3 filiform stigmas. Fruit round or ovoid, compressed with smooth pericarp ± tightly adjoining the seed coat; seeds with horizontal horseshoe-shaped embryo; perisperm abundant. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_72_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nErect annual up to 150(200) cm; stem and branches green or sometimes reddish, moderately to densely covered by long, soft, simple multicellular hairs. Leaves flat, 20.0–50.0(80.0) × 1.5–7.0(10.0) mm, subpetiolate at base, narrowly oblong to lanceolate or linear, three-nerved, densely pilose. Bracts longer than flower clusters. Inflorescences spiciform, foliose, axes with fine spreading hairs. Flowers mostly in clusters of 2–5, unisexual or hermaphrodite, surrounded by basal tufts of hairs or not. Perianth fused halfway, ciliate or glabrous, with small horizontal wings or tubercles at the fruiting stage, sometimes without any projections. Fruit compressedly ovoid, ~2.0 mm long, dark brown. Seeds with horizontal embryo. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_72_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 42. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_72_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_72 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 42.\n Distribution map of Bassiascoparia (stars) and B.odontoptera (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260783.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260783.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_73_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_73 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 25 cm with often reddish stems covered with spreading hairs. Leaves up to 1.0 cm, oblong to ovate, densely covered with (semi)appressed hairs (both stem and leaves are partially glabrescent at fruiting). Inflorescences bracteose with bracts slightly longer than the flower clusters. Flowers (2–5) in clusters. Perianth fused up to the half, densely pubescent with wing-like projections at fruiting, 3.0–5.0 mm across (with wings). Wings white or reddish, entire to erose-dentate or lobate (but not pinnatisect). Fruit compressedly ovoid, 0.7–0.8 mm long. Seeds with horizontal embryo. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_73_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_73 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 42. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_73_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_73 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 42.\n Distribution map of Bassiascoparia (stars) and B.odontoptera (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260783.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260783.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_74_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSubshrub or sub-shrublet up to 100 cm (much smaller in mountainous areas) with basally branched caudex. Leaves up to 25 mm long, linear or lanceolate, densely pubescent. Bracts reduced, mostly up to 5 mm long, equal to or slightly longer than flower clusters. Perianth densely pubescent, fused up to the half, with wing-like projections of white or reddish colour at fruiting stage turning brown before dissemination, 3.5–6.0 mm across (including wings). Seeds with horizontal embryo. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_74_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 43. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_74_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_74 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 43.\n Distribution map of Bassiaprostrata (stars) and Gruboviadasyphylla (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260784.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260784.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_76_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_76 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, usually with tumble-weed habit. Stems and leaves with white, simple multicellular hairs that are appressed and obliquely orientated and with scattered yellow short hairs mostly located in the leaf axils. Leaves terete, green, obtuse, with water-storage tissue and C3-type anatomy. Flowers in leaf axils, solitary or in pairs. Perianth of 5 at least half-way concrescent segments, usually pilose; all or three of five segments develop wing-like or spiny projections. Stamens 5, with small anthers. Fruit with hyaline pericarp adherent to the seed coat. Seed embryo horizontal. Perisperm abundant. \nHere, we indicate for the first time that the presence of short yellow hairs is the remarkable morphological characteristic of Grubovia that is important for the delimitation of this genus. Grubovia comprises three species mostly distributed in Central Asia. Gruboviadasyphylla has the largest distribution that also includes Tibet and North Himalaya. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_77_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_77 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals up to 30 cm with tumble-weed habit. Stems red or green, pilose at younger stage and moderately glabrescent at fruiting (white or greyish hairs often turning fulvous after drying). Leaves 1.0–4.0 × 0.1–0.3 cm, with appressed or spreading white hairs up to 6–7 mm long. Perianth segments 5, pilose (Fig. 44B), sometimes glabrescent at fruiting stage with spiny (subulate or acicular), star-like projections up to 3.0 mm long that can be glabrous or with simple white hairs. Stamens 5. Fruit ovoid. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_77_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_77 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 43. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_77_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_77 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 44.\n Gruboviadasyphylla: A general view of the plant at blooming stage B close-up of the flowers. Photographs by Prashant Awale (near Khalsar village, Nubra valley, Jammu & Kashmir, India, September 2011).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260785.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260785.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_77_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_77 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 43.\n Distribution map of Bassiaprostrata (stars) and Gruboviadasyphylla (circles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260784.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260784.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_78_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_78 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals or subshrubs, glabrous or papillate, with tufts of simple curved hairs in the leaf axils. Leaves mostly alternate or lower leaves opposite, semi-terete or terete, sometimes flattened, usually less than 5 mm in width, stiff or fleshy, with a persistent yellowish mucro up to 3.5–4.0 mm long. Bracts longer than bracteoles or equal in size. Flowers of two types: some located below the main inflorescence and arranged in clusters mostly consisting of two female flowers supported by concrescent and basally hardened bracts and bracteoles, rarely clusters one-flowered (these fall off with bracts and bracteoles), perianth r-shaped, usually with small wings, tubercles or without any projections in the flexure; flowers of the second type grouped in the main inflorescence, hermaphrodite, each flower supported by a free bract and two bracteoles (rarely concrescent), r-shaped or tubuliform at fruiting (in the latter case, the segments in their upper part are convergent, forming a stout or hyaline conus that covers the fruit from above). Perianth of (4)5 segments, with well-developed, equal or unequal wings or tubercles at the fruiting stage. Stamens (in the hermaphrodite flowers) 5, divided in the lower half, without prominent appendages at the tip of the anthers. Stigmas 2, usually equal to style (or a style is very short). Fruits dry or somewhat fleshy in the upper part. Seeds with horizontal or obliquely orientated embryo (sometimes seems to be vertical due to anacrostyly). Perisperm absent. \nApproximately 22 species in the steppes, seashores and deserts of Eurasia, North America, Africa and Australia. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_79_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_79 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual with prostrate or ascending stems up to 15 cm long, glabrous or scarcely papillate. Leaves terete, 10–20 × 1.0–1.5 mm. Flowers in axillary clusters and arranged in the main inflorescence. Flower clusters (located below the main inflorescence) abundant and consist of two flowers covered with bracts and bracteoles that are connate almost to the top and basally gibbous; perianth segments membranous, fimbriate, r-shaped, their tips more or less appressed to each other, not hardened and not forming a tight conus, with white, small tubercles 0.3–0.5 mm long in the flexure; styles with stigmas ca. 0.5 mm; fruits 1.2–1.6 mm, depressed roundish. Flowers in the main inflorescence with (almost) free, basally gibbous bract and bracteoles, hermaphrodite; perianth segments 5, membranous, fimbriate, r-shaped at the fruiting stage, < 2.5 mm long, above the flexure soft, hyaline, horizontally orientated and not forming a distinct conus; 2 or 3 (of 5) segments develop wing-like appendages (up to 1.5 mm long) that are located almost horizontally or obliquely, two other segments develop tubercles only; the whole diaspore with the perianth wings is 2.0–3.0 mm across and is hidden within the bract and bracteoles; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm long; styles with stigmas ca. 1 mm; fruits lenticular, 1.1–1.5 mm. Seeds with horizontal or obliquely orientated embryo. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_79_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_79 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 46. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_79_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_79 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 45.\n Holotype of Salsolahartmannii Sukhor. sp. nov. (G).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260786.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260786.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_79_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_79 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 46.\n Distribution map of Salsolahartmannii (circles), S.collina (stars) and S.jacquemontii (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260787.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260787.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_80_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_80 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nErect or prostrate (in mountainous areas) annual up to 70 cm, stems reddish, glabrous or scarcely papillate. Lower leaves up to 80.0 × 0.5–1.0 mm, much shorter in the middle and upper stem parts, linear or filiform, with a mucro 0.6–2.0 mm long. Flowers in axillary clusters and arranged in the main inflorescence. Flower clusters (located below the main inflorescence) abundant, consisting of two flowers surrounded by bracts and bracteoles that are connate almost to the top and not gibbous basally; perianth segments of each flower membranous, glabrous, r-shaped, their tips appressed to each other, hardened and not forming a tight conus, with white, small tubercles 0.3–0.5 mm long or without any projections in the flexure; styles with stigmas ca. 1.0 mm; fruits 1.0–1.3 mm, depressed roundish. Flowers in the main inflorescence with (almost) free, basally not gibbous bract and bracteoles (that are appressed to the stem), hermaphrodite; perianth segments membranous, glabrous, r-shaped at fruiting stage, (1.5)2.0–2.5 mm long, membranous above the flexure and not forming a distinct conus; two abaxial segments usually have short erose wings (up to 1.0(1.5) × 1.5 mm), their tips (above outgrowths) hyaline and not stout; anthers 0.6–0.9 mm long; styles with stigmas ca. 1.0 mm; fruits lenticular, 1.1–1.5 mm. Seed seems to be vertical (due to anacrostyly) but is indeed horizontal. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_80_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_80 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 46. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_80_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_80 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 46.\n Distribution map of Salsolahartmannii (circles), S.collina (stars) and S.jacquemontii (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260787.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260787.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_81_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_81 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 50 cm, prostrate or rarely with prominent upright main stem. Stem and branches green or reddish, densely covered with papillae. Lower leaves up to 35 × 2 mm (upper leaves much shorter, up to 15.0 mm long), with a mucro (1.5)2.0–3.0 mm long. Flowers in axillary clusters and arranged in the main inflorescence. Clusters (located below the main inflorescence) consist of two female flowers supported by a bract and two bracteoles that are connate almost to the top and usually not gibbous at the base; perianth segments membranous, fimbriate, r-shaped with their tips appressed to each other, not hardened and not forming a tight conus, with small, reddish or white tubercles up to 0.6 mm long in the flexure; styles with stigmas ca. 1.0 mm long; fruits 1.3–1.6 mm in diameter. Flowers in the main inflorescence with (almost) free, usually not gibbous, bract and bracteoles, hermaphrodite; perianth segments membranous, fimbriate, r-shaped at fruiting stage, < 2.5 mm long, soft above the flexure, hyaline, 0.6–0.8 mm long, horizontally appressed and not forming a distinct conus; three segments with horizontally orientated wing-like appendages (< 3.0 mm long), two other segments with tubercles only (the entire diaspore with the perianth wings is 3.5–6.0 mm across); anthers 0.5–0.7 mm long; styles with stigmas ca. 1.0–1.5 mm long; fruits lenticular, 1.1–1.5 mm in diameter. Seeds with horizontal or obliquely orientated embryo. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_81_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_81 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 46. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_81_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_81 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 47.\n Salsolajacquemontii plant at fruiting stage. Photograph by A. Sukhorukov (near Kagbeni vill., Dhaulagiri zone, Nepal, September 2009).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260788.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260788.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_81_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_81 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 46.\n Distribution map of Salsolahartmannii (circles), S.collina (stars) and S.jacquemontii (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260787.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260787.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_82_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_82 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 70 cm high. Stem branched from the base, finely papillate or glabrous as well as the leaves. Leaves 20.0–80.0 × 1.0–2.0 mm, linear, with a mucro (1.5)2.0–3.5 mm long. Flowers in axillary clusters and arranged in the main inflorescence. Clusters (usually located below the main inflorescence) consist of two often unequal female flowers, each flower supported by a bract and two bracteoles and additional bracts are sometimes present in the clusters; bracts and bracteoles fused in their basal part; perianth segments free, membranous, r-shaped, their tips appressed to each other, not hardened, not forming a conus, with small or hardly noticeable, red to pinkish wings in the flexure; styles with stigmas ca. 1.5 mm long; fruits 1.0–1.6 mm, depressed roundish to ovoid. Flowers in the main inflorescence with a free bract and two bracteoles (shorter than bract or equal in length), hermaphrodite; perianth segments membranous, tubuliform (not r-shaped), 3.0–4.0 mm long at fruiting stage, their lower part marginally glabrous or minutely fimbriate; segment tips hyaline, forming a convergent, glabrous conus 1.0–1.5 mm long with well-developed, horizontally located or slightly recurved, entire to crisp wings in the flexure; three outer segments develop roundish wings and two inner segments have narrower, lanceolate outgrowths (the whole diaspore with the perianth wings is (6.0)7.0–10.0 mm across); anthers 0.6–0.8 mm long (on specimens from our region); styles with stigmas 1.0–1.5 mm; fruits 1.5–1.8 mm, roundish. Seeds with horizontal embryo. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_82_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_82 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 48. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_82_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_82 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 48.\n Distribution map of Salsolatragus (circles), S.austrotibetica (stars) and S.monoptera (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260789.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260789.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_83_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_83 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 40 cm high. Stem straight, branched from the base with ascending lateral shoots; stem and leaves finely papillate. Leaves on the main stem remote (with internodes 20–40 mm long), 20–50 mm long, 1.0–4.0(5.0) mm wide above the broad base, slightly flattened, lanceolate to linear, thick, with a mucro (1.0)1.5–2.5 mm long. Flowers in axillary clusters and arranged in the main inflorescence. Flower clusters (usually located below the main inflorescence) consist of two often unequal female flowers, each flower supported by a bract and two bracteoles, sometimes additional bracts are present in the clusters; bracts and bracteoles fused in their basal part; perianth segments of each flower membranous, r-shaped, their tips appressed to each other, not hardened, not forming a conus, with red to pinkish, small or hardly noticeable wing-like tubercles in the flexure; styles with stigmas ca. 1.5 mm long; fruits 1.0 to 1.6 mm, depressed roundish to ovoid. Flowers in the main inflorescence lax, hermaphrodite, with two bracteoles (slightly shorter than bract) and a free bract having a broad (up to 1.0 mm) white margin; perianth segments membranous, tubuliform (not r-shaped), 1.7–2.2 mm at flowering stage and elongated to 4.0–5.0 mm at fruiting, their lower part marginally glabrous or finely fimbriate; segment tips slightly hardened but not hyaline, forming a convergent, glabrous conus 1.5–2.0 mm long, with well-developed, obliquely orientated, unequal, erose to lobate wings in the flexure; the whole diaspore with the perianth wings is 4.0–5.0 mm across; anthers 0.7–0.8 mm; styles with stigmas 1.3–1.7 mm; fruit ~1.5 mm, depressed roundish. Seeds with horizontal embryo. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_83_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_83 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 48. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_83_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_83 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 49.\n Holotype of Salsolaaustrotibetica Sukhor. sp. nov. (BM0000016629).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260790.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260790.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_83_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_83 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 48.\n Distribution map of Salsolatragus (circles), S.austrotibetica (stars) and S.monoptera (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260789.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260789.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_84_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_84 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnuals, very branched from the base. Stems prostrate or ascending, green, often with reddish stripes, papillate or almost glabrous. Leaves very densely arranged, linear, 10.0–25.0 × 0.4–1.0 mm, leaf mucro ~1.0 mm long. Flowers in axillary clusters and arranged in the main inflorescence. Flower clusters (located below the main inflorescence) consist of one flower supported by a bract and two bracteoles, sometimes additional bracts are present in the clusters; bracts and bracteoles half fused or less; perianth segments membranous, r-shaped with their tips appressed to each other, not hardened, not forming a conus, with pinkish or white, small or hardly noticeable wing-like tubercles in the flexure, one segment (closest to the bract) with small tuberculate (up to 1.0 mm) projection; styles with stigmas ca. 1.0 mm long; fruits 1.0–1.2 mm, depressed roundish to ovoid. Flowers in the main inflorescence with a free bract and two bracteoles (slightly shorter than bract), hermaphrodite; perianth segments free, membranous, r-shaped, horizontally appressed and not forming a conus above the flexure; wing-like appendages vertically located and clearly unequal (the most prominent, entire to lobate < 1.5 mm long, wing develops on the segment closest to the bract (rarely in other positions), other segments have smaller entire tubercles up to 1 mm or no projections at all); the whole diaspore with the perianth wings 1.5–2.3 mm across; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm long; styles with stigmas ~1.0 mm; fruit 1.1–1.4 mm, lenticular. Seeds with horizontally or obliquely orientated embryo. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_84_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_84 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 48. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_84_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_84 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 48.\n Distribution map of Salsolatragus (circles), S.austrotibetica (stars) and S.monoptera (triangles).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260789.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260789.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_85_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_85 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nAnnual up to 30 cm with a tumble-weed habit at the fruiting stage; young plants often woolly due to abundant curved simple hairs in the leaf axils. Stem and leaves glabrous or shortly papillate. Leaves terete, up to 15 mm long, with a yellowish, easily caducous mucro up to 5.0 mm. Flowers covered with a bract and two bracteoles with two types of perianth (most of the flowers with five hyaline perianth segments (up to 3.0 mm long) with an orbicular white or pink wing (2.0–3.0 mm, sometimes 0.7–1.5 mm in diameter) near their tips; a small part of the flowers with 5 perianth segments hardened almost to the top without any projections or tuberculate). Stamens 2–3. Anthers 0.5–0.6 mm long. Fruit 1.0–1.2 mm. Seeds with vertical embryo, with the radicula pointing upwards. Perisperm absent. \nOne species widely distributed in Central Asia, South Siberia, Tibet and North Himalaya. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_86_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSee genus description. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_86_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 51. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_86_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 50.\n Halogetonglomeratus at blooming stage. Photograph by Dr. Oyuntsetseg Batlai (between Khavtag mountain and Baitag mountain range, Altai sum, Khovd province, Mongolia, 10 August 2017).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260791.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260791.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_86_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_86 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 51.\n Distribution map of Halogetonglomeratus.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260792.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260792.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_87_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_87 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSub-shrublets, shrubs or trees; branches cylindrical, jointed. Leaves opposite, minute or rudimentary, connate. Flowers small, hermaphrodite, axillary and usually solitary, two-bracteolate. Perianth segments 5, free or connate in the lower part with spreading, scarious wings near the tip. Stamens usually 5. Anthers muticous. Staminodes 5, membranous, thin and glabrous, united with the bases of filaments into a lobed, cup-like disc. Ovary with short style and 2–3(5) stigmas. Fruit included in open perianth, globular-depressed, slightly fleshy in the upper part. Seeds horizontal with spirally coiled embryo. Perisperm absent. \nFive to seven species mostly distributed in the Irano-Turanian region. The position of Haloxylonthomsonii within this genus is still pending due to its unusual life history (sub-shrublet) and one-layered stem epidermis (all other species possess two-layered epidermis). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_88_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_88 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSub-shrublet up to 30 cm with a robust caudex, branched from the base. Stems glabrous or very shortly papillate, with two furrows. Lower leaves up to 30–35 mm long, fleshy, semi-terete, appressed to the stem or rarely recurved with tufts of hairs in their axils, without mucro or with a hardly noticeable mucro at the top. Bracts usually longer or equal to the flowers. Flowers solitary in the axil of the bract. Perianth segments greenish, 5, at fruiting stage with wings 2.0–2.5 × 2.5–3.5 mm, purple or lilac turning brownish. Anthers 5, ~1 mm long, ovate, apically without an appendage. Style short, 0.25 mm with 2–3 stigmas of the same length. Fruit whitish, depressed orbicular, ~1.5 mm in diameter. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_88_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_88 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 53. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_88_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_88 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 52.\n Reproductive shoot of Haloxylonthomsonii at fruiting stage, with prominent perianth wings. Photograph by H. Hartmann (Jammu & Kashmir, India, 1995).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260793.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260793.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_88_p_2 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_88 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 53.\n Distribution map of Haloxylonthomsonii (circles) and Sympegmaregelii (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260794.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260794.jpg 2019 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_89_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_89 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSubshrubs with several stems up to 40 cm tall; annual shoots glabrous or with tiny papillae (short simple hairs seen at higher magnification are present in the leaf axils). Leaves alternate, terete, green or glaucous, up to 2 cm long, mostly appressed to the stem, broadened at base, but slightly constricted, straight or incurved above the base with a short persistent mucro. Inflorescences leafy; partial inflorescences pedicellate with opposite bracts enclosing (1–2)3–6 flowers. Perianth glabrous or papillate; perianth segments (4)5, 2.5–3.0 mm long, fused only basally, clearly three-nerved, margins glabrous or tiny papillate, with wing-like projections originating from the upper half of the segments at fruiting stage; wings yellowish, white or pink turning brown in mature fruits. Stamens 5, anthers ~1.5 mm long, with hardly noticeable appendage. Style very broad terminating with two stigmas. Seed with vertically orientated, spiral embryo. Perisperm absent. \nGenus of 1–2 species. Sympegmaelegans G.L.Chu (Zhu [Chu] and Sanderson 2017) described from Gansu Province (China) was not investigated by us. It reportedly differs from S.regelii by slender branches, shorter internodes and mostly solitary flowers (Zhu and Sanderson 2017). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_90_description phytokeys.116.27301.sp_90 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSee genus description. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_90_distribution phytokeys.116.27301.sp_90 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSee Fig. 53. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 5cb54356380a963cfbf5aab7d2c11833; 64221c3cca47882a513ad6d8c94212c2; a75bebf1c42b26338c607d27f6b7402c phytokeys.116.27301.sp_90_p_1 phytokeys.116.27301.sp_90 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 53.\n Distribution map of Haloxylonthomsonii (circles) and Sympegmaregelii (stars).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27301 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260794.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_260794.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.28281.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.117.28281.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSpiradicliskarstana is known only from the crevices of forested cliffs at altitudes ranging from 800 to 1600 m in the karst area of SE Yunnan. This part of Yunnan is covered by evergreen rain forests that are highly similar to those in Indo-Malaysia (Zhu 2013) and are dominated by species from Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, Dipterocarpaceae and Annonaceae. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28281 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Lei Wu, Xiong Li, Wen-Jian Liu, Quan-Ru Liu Wu L, Li X, Liu W, Liu Q (2019) Spiradicliskarstana (Rubiaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China PhytoKeys (117): 1–8 269e1e0b285d9faa26a4ed731ba36312; 04afb1b94f0dc1971d5dbd08d18c08a7; 05e0a8daa626084dc33e470d232c9def; 7ddbe339d98b267c68760cffbb4d8d10 phytokeys.117.28281.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.117.28281.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Spiradicliskarstana sp. nov. A habit B stipule C inflorescence, side view D long-styled flower E short-styled flower F calyx, frontal view, showing disc G remnant of dehiscent capsule, frontal view. Drawn by Xin-Yi Zeng.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28281 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Lei Wu, Xiong Li, Wen-Jian Liu, Quan-Ru Liu Wu L, Li X, Liu W, Liu Q (2019) Spiradicliskarstana (Rubiaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China PhytoKeys (117): 1–8 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_261311.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_261311.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.28281.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.117.28281.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Spiradicliskarstana sp. nov. A habitat (The arrows show the places of growth) B habit C variation range of leaves D stipule E inflorescence, side view F long-styled flower, frontal view G disc and calyx H remnant of dehiscent capsule, frontal view I long-styled flower J short-styled flower. SpiradiclisjingxiensisK habit L stipule M variation range of leaves. Photos by Lei Wu, Ming-Feng Long and Xin-Xin Zhu.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=28281 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Lei Wu, Xiong Li, Wen-Jian Liu, Quan-Ru Liu Wu L, Li X, Liu W, Liu Q (2019) Spiradicliskarstana (Rubiaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China PhytoKeys (117): 1–8 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_261312.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_261312.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1_description phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs to subshrubs, perennial, growing in sandy soils. Branches cylindrical, densely sericeous or lanate-velutinous, generally glabrescent at age. Stipules epipetiolar, completely connate, persistent. Leaves opposite; petiole eglandular; blade bearing 2–many glands abaxially. Thyrsi terminal, pedunculate, many-branched; cincinni alternate to subopposite, 1–14-flowered; bracts persistent; bracteoles persistent, one of them 1-glandular, the other eglandular, gland green in bud turning yellow in anthesis. Flowers zygomorphic; floral buds slightly flattened at middle; pedicel stout, straight in bud. Sepals leaving petals exposed in pre-anthesis, all 2-glandular. Petals bright to golden yellow, glabrous, the anterior two remaining cupped one inside the other; lateral petals with the margin erose; posterior petal bearing several marginal glands. Stamens 7–8, staminodes 2–3 (stamens opposite the posterior-lateral sepals and the posterior petal); filaments glabrous, those opposite the posterior-lateral petals slightly curved towards the apex; connectives inconspicuous; anthers horseshoe-shaped, glabrous, outer locules confluent at apex, reduced to antherodes in staminodes. Ovary 3-carpellate, 3-locular, 2 locules ± anterior, apparently collapsed lacking ovules, 1 locule almost posterior, fertile, 1-ovulate; styles 3, slender, truncate to uncinate at apex; stigma minute, lateral. Drupes rugose, twisted, asymmetric, 1-locular, proximal chamber thick-walled, 1-seeded, distal chamber thin-walled, filled with a viscous secretion (allowing the fruit to float and to be dispersed by water). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 54cc8b00a002e6c0290a898468640b5b; b8afbb117aa96186bca7fcdad54f0c0d; 35f4db3892b5d580821f84159ed61844; e459e51fdc3eca61b100351af0a808e5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMcvaughia is restricted to sandy soils within sedimentary basins of Northeastern Brazil, with different species being endemic to each sedimentary basin: Mcvaughiabahiana – Tucano basin, M.piauhiensis – Parnaiba basin, and M.sergipana – Sergipe-Alagoas basin (Amorim and Almeida 2015). Sedimentary basins represent conspicuous phytogeographic zones within the Caatinga domain, with a distinct biota from other areas of Caatinga over crystalline shield, holding endemism records for some angiosperm families (Cardoso and Queiroz 2007; Almeida et al. 2018; Silva and Souza 2018). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 54cc8b00a002e6c0290a898468640b5b; b8afbb117aa96186bca7fcdad54f0c0d; 35f4db3892b5d580821f84159ed61844; e459e51fdc3eca61b100351af0a808e5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.\n Distribution map of Mcvaughia: triangle – M.bahiana, circle – M.piauhiensis, and square – M.sergipana. Solid blue line in the center represents the São Francisco River today. Dotted blue line represents the past course of São Francisco River. Blue circle represents the São Francisco paleo lake. Light green – Atlantic Forest domain, dark green – Amazon Forest domain, orange – Cerrado domain, and yellow – Caatinga domain. AL – state of Alagoas, BA – state of Bahia, CE – state of Ceará, MA – state of Maranhão, PB – state of Paraíba, PE – state of Pernambuco, PI – state of Piauí, RN – state of Rio Grande do Norte, and SE – state of Sergipe.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262236.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262236.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Wood anatomy of Mcvaughiasergipana. A–B transverse sections: Growth rings marked by radially narrow fibers (arrowheads) and a discontinuous line of axial parenchyma (in B); vessels are narrow and abundant, arranged in radial rows of 4 or more cells; some solitary vessels present; parenchyma rare, paratracheal scanty or at the growth ring limits; heartwood vessels in the bottom with content C radial section: Rays 2–3 cells wide, non-storied; prismatic crystals present in ray cells (arrows); parenchyma with 3 cells per strand (arrowhead) D ray heterocellular with procumbent, square and upright cells mixed throughout the ray. Scale bars: 150 μm (A), 100 μm (B–C), 60 μm (D).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262226.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262226.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Secondary phloem of Mcvaughiasergipana. A–C Transverse section: A Phloem non-stratified, with scattered fiber-sclereids (arrows); Rays dilating slightly B Crystalliferous axial parenchyma arranged in diffuse-in-aggregate narrow bands (arrowhead) C Crystalliferous axial parenchyma with druse crystals, forming diffuse in aggregate bands, isolated fiber-sclereids present (arrowhead) D A ray 3 cells wide, fiber-sclereids and axial parenchyma in tangential section E Bands of crystalliferous parenchyma with druses evident also in radial section; Rays heterocellular mixed. Scale bars: 200 μm (A), 100 μm (B–C, E), 50 μm (D).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262227.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262227.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Leaf morphoanatomy of Mcvaughia species. A patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.bahianaB patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.piauhiensisC patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.sergipanaD transverse section of leaf base showing the basilaminar pair of stalked glands (white arrows) E basilaminar leaf gland with a stalk (black arrow) in M.piauhiensisF basilaminar gland in M.sergipana showing a sessile position (SE= anatomical arrangement with secretory epidermis, SP= vascularized secretory parenchyma) G–H laminar glands on the apex of cleared leaves of M.sergipana and M.bahiana respectively, note the apical tooth (G) I sessile laminar glands in M.sergipanaJ stalked laminar gland in M.piauhiensisK–L transverse sections of the leaf blade; mesophyll with uniserial palisade-like parenchyma and spongy parenchyma composed by several or few layers in M.sergipana and M.bahiana, respectively; note the idioblast with druse crystals at the mesophyll (white arrow) and the stomata distribution at the abaxial leaf surface (black arrow) M–N adaxial epidermis surface of M.piauhiensis and M.sergipana, showing scars of malpighiaceous trichomes O abaxial epidermis surface of trichomes abundance in M.bahianaP–Q outline of the anticlinal epidermal cell walls: straight in M.sergipana (P) and sinuous in M.bahiana (Q). Laminar scale bars: 1 cm (A–C), 100 μm (D, F–K, N–O), 150 μm (E), 50 μm (L–M, P–Q).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262228.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262228.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1_p_5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Reproductive morphoanatomy of Mcvaughia species. A inflorescence during development, showing a bracteole gland (BG) and Sepal glands (SG) B ten sepal glands encircling the calyx C Petal glands (PG) along the margin of posterior petal D–F transverse section of bracteole glands in M.sergipana, M.bahiana and M.piauhiensis, respectively G anatomical arrangement of bracteole gland, with a palisade-like secretory epidermis (SE) and secretory parenchyma (SP) H–I transverse section of floral bud and anthesis flower in Mcvaughiabahiana and M.sergipana; calyx gland pair displaced at the anterior sepal J calyx gland structure, showing a secretory epidermis (SE) and vascularized secretory parenchyma (SP) K–L petal glands on the margin of petals in M.sergipana and M.bahiana respectively M–N detail of the petal glands at the apex of the petal limb in M.sergipana, cleared and in SEM image O–Q petal glands positioned at the base, M.bahiana on SEM image, M.bahiana and M.piauhiensis cleared R–T conspicuous and stalked petal glands at the base of M.sergipana, in SEM image, cleared and longitudinal section. Scale bars: 200 μm (D), 150 μm (E–F), 50 μm (G), 500 μm (H–I), 100 μm (J, P–S), 300 μm (L–M), 200 μm (N, T).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262229.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262229.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2_description phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs 1–3 m tall. Branches densely sericeous, glabrescent at age. Stipules 2.5–5 mm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous. Leaves opposite; leaf blades 4.5–8.8 × 2–5 cm, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, elliptic to obovate, base cuneate to rotund, margins plain, entire, apex acute to apiculate, adaxial side initially tomentose, glabrous at age, abaxial side densely tomentose, a pair of conspicuous glands at base abaxially, on each side of the midrib, a few inconspicuous glands scattered over the blade, with 1–3 glands near the apex; petiole 0.3–0.7 cm long, canaliculate, densely tomentose, eglandular. Thyrsi of 2–7-flowered cincinni; rachis 3–10 cm long, smooth, densely tomentose, with brown hairs; lateral cincinni 12–24, subopposite; bracts 2–7 mm long, narrowly-triangular, appressed to the peduncle, eglandular, tomentose; peduncle 1.5–4.5 mm long, tomentose; bracteoles 1.5–2.5 mm long, narrowly triangular, opposite, appressed to the peduncle, tomentose, one of each pair bearing a conspicuous gland at base, 1–1.2 mm long. Flowers 1–1.2 cm diam. at anthesis, floral buds 3–3.2 mm long, pedicel 0.5–1.7 mm long, tomentose. Sepals 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 mm, straight, keeled, covering most of the androecium, apex acute, margin glabrous, adaxial side glabrous, abaxial side tomentose, glabrescent near the margin; 10-glandular, glands 1.5–2.5 × 0.7–0.8 mm, yellow, elliptic. Petals yellow, both sides glabrous, soon deciduous; anterior lateral petals orbicular, cucullate, nested inside one another, limb 3–3.3 × 4.5–4.7 mm, margin denticulate, 2-glandular at base, claws 1.2–1.5 × 0.2–0.25 mm, glabrous; posterior lateral petals obovate, spreading, limb 5.5–6.5 × 6–7 mm, margin erose, 2-glandular at base, claws 1.8–2 × 0.3–0.35 mm, glabrous; posterior petal obovate to orbicular, erect, limb 6–7 × 7–8 mm, margin erose, 3–5 pairs of rounded glands at the base of limb, proximal pair larger, claws 3–4 × 0.7–0.9 mm, both sides glabrous. Stamens free at base, filaments 2–3 × 0.2–0.4 mm, cylindrical, thicker at base; connective inconspicuous, glabrous; anthers 0.7–1 × 0.4–0.45 mm; staminodes opposite the posterior-lateral sepals covered by sepals, filaments ca. 1 mm long, long-triangular, anthers ca. 0.2 mm long, oblong, locules lacking; staminode opposite the posterior petal not covered by sepals, exserted, diverging from styles, filament 2–2.1 × 0.2–0.4 mm long, anther 0.25–0.3 mm long, oblong, locules reduced. Ovary 1–1.3 × 1–1.3 mm, ovoid, densely sericeous; styles 3, erect, ca. 2.5–2.7 × 0.5–0.6 mm, cylindrical, parallel, glabrous, apex truncate, anterior style slightly smaller than posterior ones; stigma lateral, circular. Drupes 7–8.5 × 4–5 mm, cylindrical, slightly twisted, apex with persistent styles, sparsely tomentose, with two chambers, proximal chamber containing the seed, distal chamber containing an oily substance; seed globose, smooth. Embryo not seen. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 54cc8b00a002e6c0290a898468640b5b; b8afbb117aa96186bca7fcdad54f0c0d; 35f4db3892b5d580821f84159ed61844; e459e51fdc3eca61b100351af0a808e5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMcvaughiabahiana is known only from sandy caatingas (seasonally dry forests) within northeastern state of Bahia, Brazil (Fig. 11). Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 54cc8b00a002e6c0290a898468640b5b; b8afbb117aa96186bca7fcdad54f0c0d; 35f4db3892b5d580821f84159ed61844; e459e51fdc3eca61b100351af0a808e5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Mcvaughiabahiana. A shrub habit B subshrub habit C inflorescence showing glandular bracts D inflorescence showing flowers in anthesis E inflorescence showing immature and mature fruits F detail of mature fruits G drupe indumentum H glabrescent drupe. A, D–H by W.R. Anderson B–C by I.R. Guesdon.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262230.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262230.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n Photograph of the isotype of Mcvaughiabahiana.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262231.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262231.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.\n Distribution map of Mcvaughia: triangle – M.bahiana, circle – M.piauhiensis, and square – M.sergipana. Solid blue line in the center represents the São Francisco River today. Dotted blue line represents the past course of São Francisco River. Blue circle represents the São Francisco paleo lake. Light green – Atlantic Forest domain, dark green – Amazon Forest domain, orange – Cerrado domain, and yellow – Caatinga domain. AL – state of Alagoas, BA – state of Bahia, CE – state of Ceará, MA – state of Maranhão, PB – state of Paraíba, PE – state of Pernambuco, PI – state of Piauí, RN – state of Rio Grande do Norte, and SE – state of Sergipe.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262236.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262236.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2_p_4 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Leaf morphoanatomy of Mcvaughia species. A patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.bahianaB patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.piauhiensisC patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.sergipanaD transverse section of leaf base showing the basilaminar pair of stalked glands (white arrows) E basilaminar leaf gland with a stalk (black arrow) in M.piauhiensisF basilaminar gland in M.sergipana showing a sessile position (SE= anatomical arrangement with secretory epidermis, SP= vascularized secretory parenchyma) G–H laminar glands on the apex of cleared leaves of M.sergipana and M.bahiana respectively, note the apical tooth (G) I sessile laminar glands in M.sergipanaJ stalked laminar gland in M.piauhiensisK–L transverse sections of the leaf blade; mesophyll with uniserial palisade-like parenchyma and spongy parenchyma composed by several or few layers in M.sergipana and M.bahiana, respectively; note the idioblast with druse crystals at the mesophyll (white arrow) and the stomata distribution at the abaxial leaf surface (black arrow) M–N adaxial epidermis surface of M.piauhiensis and M.sergipana, showing scars of malpighiaceous trichomes O abaxial epidermis surface of trichomes abundance in M.bahianaP–Q outline of the anticlinal epidermal cell walls: straight in M.sergipana (P) and sinuous in M.bahiana (Q). Laminar scale bars: 1 cm (A–C), 100 μm (D, F–K, N–O), 150 μm (E), 50 μm (L–M, P–Q).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262228.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262228.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2_p_5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Reproductive morphoanatomy of Mcvaughia species. A inflorescence during development, showing a bracteole gland (BG) and Sepal glands (SG) B ten sepal glands encircling the calyx C Petal glands (PG) along the margin of posterior petal D–F transverse section of bracteole glands in M.sergipana, M.bahiana and M.piauhiensis, respectively G anatomical arrangement of bracteole gland, with a palisade-like secretory epidermis (SE) and secretory parenchyma (SP) H–I transverse section of floral bud and anthesis flower in Mcvaughiabahiana and M.sergipana; calyx gland pair displaced at the anterior sepal J calyx gland structure, showing a secretory epidermis (SE) and vascularized secretory parenchyma (SP) K–L petal glands on the margin of petals in M.sergipana and M.bahiana respectively M–N detail of the petal glands at the apex of the petal limb in M.sergipana, cleared and in SEM image O–Q petal glands positioned at the base, M.bahiana on SEM image, M.bahiana and M.piauhiensis cleared R–T conspicuous and stalked petal glands at the base of M.sergipana, in SEM image, cleared and longitudinal section. Scale bars: 200 μm (D), 150 μm (E–F), 50 μm (G), 500 μm (H–I), 100 μm (J, P–S), 300 μm (L–M), 200 μm (N, T).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262229.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262229.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3_description phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSubshrubs ca. 50 cm tall. Branches densely lanate-velutinous, glabrescent at age. Stipules 4–4.5 mm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely lanate-velutinous. Leaves opposite; leaf blades 6–11 × 3–6 cm, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, elliptic to obovate, base cuneate, margins plain, entire, apex acute to apiculate, adaxial side light green in sicco, initially lanate-velutinous to glabrescent, abaxial side dark green in sicco, initially lanate-velutinous to glabrescent, except from midvein at base, a pair of conspicuous glands at base abaxially, on each side of the midrib, a few inconspicuous glands scattered on the blade, with 2 conspicuous glands near apex; petiole 0.8–1 cm long, canaliculate, densely lanate-velutinous, eglandular. Thyrsi of 5–8-flowered cincinni; rachis 6.5–7 cm long, smooth, densely tomentose-velutinous, with rusty hairs; lateral cincinni 14–15, alternate; bracts 1.5–2.5 mm long, triangular, appressed to the peduncle, eglandular, tomentose-velutinous; peduncle 3–4 mm long, tomentose-velutinous; bracteoles 1.5–2 mm long, triangular, subopposite, appressed to the peduncle, tomentose-velutinous, one of each pair bearing a conspicuous gland at base, 1.3–1.8 mm long. Flowers 1.5–2 cm diam. at anthesis, floral buds 3–3.5 mm long, pedicel 2–3 mm long, tomentose-velutinous. Sepals 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 cm, straight, keeled, covering most of the androecium, apex rounded, margin short ciliate, adaxial side glabrous, abaxial side tomentose, glabrescent near the margin; 10-glandular, glands 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm, yellow, elliptic. Petals yellow, soon deciduous; anterior lateral petals orbicular, cucullate, nested inside one another, limb 2.9–3.2 × 4–4.3 mm, margin erose, eglandular, claws 1–1.2 × 0.2–0.25 mm, glabrous; posterior lateral petals obovate, spreading, limb 4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, margin erose, eglandular, claws 1.5–2 × 0.3–0.35 mm, glabrous; posterior petal obovate to orbicular, erect, limb 5–5.5 × 5–5.5 mm, margin erose, 2–3 pairs of reniform glands at the base of limb, proximal pair larger, claws 2.5–3 × 0.6–0.8 mm, adaxially pubescent. Stamens free at base, filaments 2–3 × 0.2–0.4 mm, cylindrical, thicker at base; connective inconspicuous, glabrous; anthers 0.3–0.45 × 0.4–0.45 mm; staminodes opposite the posterior-lateral sepals covered by sepals, filaments ca. 1 mm long, long-triangular, anthers ca. 0.2 mm long, oblong, locules lacking; staminode opposite the posterior petal not covered by sepals, exserted, diverging from styles, filament 2–2.1 × 0.2–0.4 mm long, anther 0.25–0.3 mm long, oblong, locules reduced. Ovary ca. 1 × 1 mm, ovoid, densely tomentose; styles 3, erect, ca. 3 × 0.5 mm, cylindrical, parallel, tomentose at base, uncinate at apex, anterior style slightly smaller than posterior ones; stigma lateral, circular. Drupes (immature) 5–6 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical, slightly twisted, apex with persistent styles, rusty tomentose, with two chambers, proximal chamber containing the seed, distal chamber containing an oily substance; seed (immature) globose, smooth. Embryo not seen. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 54cc8b00a002e6c0290a898468640b5b; b8afbb117aa96186bca7fcdad54f0c0d; 35f4db3892b5d580821f84159ed61844; e459e51fdc3eca61b100351af0a808e5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMcvaughiapiauhiensis is known only from sandy caatingas (seasonally dry forests) within Serra das Confusões National Park in state of Piauí, Brazil (Fig. 11). Flowering in March. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 54cc8b00a002e6c0290a898468640b5b; b8afbb117aa96186bca7fcdad54f0c0d; 35f4db3892b5d580821f84159ed61844; e459e51fdc3eca61b100351af0a808e5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Mcvaughiapiauhiensis. A seasonally dry forests from Serra das Confusões, Piauí, Brazil B abaxial surface of a leaf C detail of epipetiolar stipules D inflorescence E rehydrated flower showing the stamens (white arrows= reduced stamens) and styles. A by S.E. Martins B–E by R.F. Almeida.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262232.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262232.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n Photograph of the holotype of Mcvaughiapiauhiensis.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262233.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262233.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3_p_3 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.\n Distribution map of Mcvaughia: triangle – M.bahiana, circle – M.piauhiensis, and square – M.sergipana. Solid blue line in the center represents the São Francisco River today. Dotted blue line represents the past course of São Francisco River. Blue circle represents the São Francisco paleo lake. Light green – Atlantic Forest domain, dark green – Amazon Forest domain, orange – Cerrado domain, and yellow – Caatinga domain. AL – state of Alagoas, BA – state of Bahia, CE – state of Ceará, MA – state of Maranhão, PB – state of Paraíba, PE – state of Pernambuco, PI – state of Piauí, RN – state of Rio Grande do Norte, and SE – state of Sergipe.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262236.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262236.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3_p_4 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Leaf morphoanatomy of Mcvaughia species. A patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.bahianaB patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.piauhiensisC patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.sergipanaD transverse section of leaf base showing the basilaminar pair of stalked glands (white arrows) E basilaminar leaf gland with a stalk (black arrow) in M.piauhiensisF basilaminar gland in M.sergipana showing a sessile position (SE= anatomical arrangement with secretory epidermis, SP= vascularized secretory parenchyma) G–H laminar glands on the apex of cleared leaves of M.sergipana and M.bahiana respectively, note the apical tooth (G) I sessile laminar glands in M.sergipanaJ stalked laminar gland in M.piauhiensisK–L transverse sections of the leaf blade; mesophyll with uniserial palisade-like parenchyma and spongy parenchyma composed by several or few layers in M.sergipana and M.bahiana, respectively; note the idioblast with druse crystals at the mesophyll (white arrow) and the stomata distribution at the abaxial leaf surface (black arrow) M–N adaxial epidermis surface of M.piauhiensis and M.sergipana, showing scars of malpighiaceous trichomes O abaxial epidermis surface of trichomes abundance in M.bahianaP–Q outline of the anticlinal epidermal cell walls: straight in M.sergipana (P) and sinuous in M.bahiana (Q). Laminar scale bars: 1 cm (A–C), 100 μm (D, F–K, N–O), 150 μm (E), 50 μm (L–M, P–Q).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262228.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262228.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3_p_5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Reproductive morphoanatomy of Mcvaughia species. A inflorescence during development, showing a bracteole gland (BG) and Sepal glands (SG) B ten sepal glands encircling the calyx C Petal glands (PG) along the margin of posterior petal D–F transverse section of bracteole glands in M.sergipana, M.bahiana and M.piauhiensis, respectively G anatomical arrangement of bracteole gland, with a palisade-like secretory epidermis (SE) and secretory parenchyma (SP) H–I transverse section of floral bud and anthesis flower in Mcvaughiabahiana and M.sergipana; calyx gland pair displaced at the anterior sepal J calyx gland structure, showing a secretory epidermis (SE) and vascularized secretory parenchyma (SP) K–L petal glands on the margin of petals in M.sergipana and M.bahiana respectively M–N detail of the petal glands at the apex of the petal limb in M.sergipana, cleared and in SEM image O–Q petal glands positioned at the base, M.bahiana on SEM image, M.bahiana and M.piauhiensis cleared R–T conspicuous and stalked petal glands at the base of M.sergipana, in SEM image, cleared and longitudinal section. Scale bars: 200 μm (D), 150 μm (E–F), 50 μm (G), 500 μm (H–I), 100 μm (J, P–S), 300 μm (L–M), 200 μm (N, T).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262229.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262229.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4_description phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrubs 1.5–2 m tall. Branches densely lanate-velutinous, glabrescent at age. Stipules 3–5 mm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous. Leaves opposite; leaf blades 8.4–12 × 2.7–6.5 cm, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, elliptic to ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, base acute to cuneate, margins slightly revolute, entire, apex acute to slightly acuminate, adaxial side green in sicco, initially sericeous to glabrescent, abaxial side metallic green in sicco, densely sericeous to glabrescent, 1–4 pairs of conspicuous glands at base abaxially, on each side of the midrib, with many conspicuous glands scattered distally; petiole 0.3–1.5 cm long, canaliculate, densely sericeous to glabrous at age, eglandular. Thyrsi of 1–2-flowered cincinni; rachis 6.5–11.4 cm long, striated, densely sericeous, with brown hairs; lateral cincinni 15–30, opposite to subopposite; bracts 5–6.5 mm long, lanceolate, spreading, eglandular, sericeous; peduncle 4–5 mm long, sparsely sericeous; bracteoles 2.5–3 mm long, triangular, subopposite, spreading to the peduncle, sericeous, one of each pair bearing a conspicuous green gland at base, 1.3–1.8 mm long. Flowers 1.5–2 cm diam. at anthesis, floral buds 3–3.5 mm long, pedicel 2–3 mm long, tomentose-velutinous. Sepals 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 cm, straight, keeled, covering most of the androecium, apex rounded, margin short ciliate, adaxial side glabrous, abaxial side tomentose, glabrescent near the margin; 10-glandular, glands 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm, yellow, elliptic. Petals yellow, soon deciduous; anterior lateral petals orbicular, cucullate, nested inside one another, limb 2.9–3.2 × 4–4.3 mm, margin erose, eglandular, claws 1–1.2 × 0.2–0.25 mm, glabrous; posterior lateral petals obovate, spreading, limb 4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, margin erose, eglandular, claws 1.5–2 × 0.3–0.35 mm, glabrous; posterior petal obovate to orbicular, erect, limb 5–5.5 × 5–5.5 mm, margin glandular, 2–3 pairs of stalked reniform glands at the base of limb, proximal pair larger and with many sessile glands scattered distally at the margin, claws 2.5–3 × 0.6–0.8 mm, adaxially pubescent. Stamens free at base, filaments 2–3 × 0.2–0.4 mm, cylindrical, thicker at base; connective inconspicuous, glabrous; anthers 0.3–0.45 × 0.4–0.45 mm; staminodes opposite the posterior lateral sepals covered by sepals, filaments ca. 1 mm long, long-triangular, anthers ca. 0.2 mm long, oblong, locules lacking; staminode opposite the posterior petal not covered by sepals, exserted, diverging from styles, filament 2–2.1 × 0.2–0.4 mm long, anther 0.25–0.3 mm long, oblong, locules reduced. Ovary ca. 1 × 1 mm, ovoid, densely tomentose; styles 3, erect, ca. 3 × 0.5 mm, cylindrical, parallel, tomentose at base, uncinate at apex, anterior style slightly smaller than posterior ones; stigma lateral, circular. Drupes 5–6 × 2–3 mm, cylindrical, slightly twisted, apex with persistent styles, rusty tomentose, with two chambers, proximal chamber containing the seed, distal chamber containing an oily substance; seed globose, smooth. Embryo not seen. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 54cc8b00a002e6c0290a898468640b5b; b8afbb117aa96186bca7fcdad54f0c0d; 35f4db3892b5d580821f84159ed61844; e459e51fdc3eca61b100351af0a808e5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMcvaughiasergipana is known only from sandy restingas and coastal dunes within the Atlantic Forest Domain in the state of Sergipe, Brazil (Fig. 11). Flowering and fruiting from September to December. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 54cc8b00a002e6c0290a898468640b5b; b8afbb117aa96186bca7fcdad54f0c0d; 35f4db3892b5d580821f84159ed61844; e459e51fdc3eca61b100351af0a808e5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.\n Mcvaughiasergipana. A sandy dune where M.sergipana occurs B detail of epipetiolar stipules C detail of leaf venation patterns D abaxial surface of a leaf E inflorescence showing buds and flowers F detail of glandular bracts G floral bud H flower in frontal view I fruit in side view. Photos by R.F. Almeida.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262234.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262234.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.\n Photograph of the isotype of Mcvaughiasergipana.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262235.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262235.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4_p_3 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 11.\n Distribution map of Mcvaughia: triangle – M.bahiana, circle – M.piauhiensis, and square – M.sergipana. Solid blue line in the center represents the São Francisco River today. Dotted blue line represents the past course of São Francisco River. Blue circle represents the São Francisco paleo lake. Light green – Atlantic Forest domain, dark green – Amazon Forest domain, orange – Cerrado domain, and yellow – Caatinga domain. AL – state of Alagoas, BA – state of Bahia, CE – state of Ceará, MA – state of Maranhão, PB – state of Paraíba, PE – state of Pernambuco, PI – state of Piauí, RN – state of Rio Grande do Norte, and SE – state of Sergipe.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262236.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262236.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4_p_4 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Leaf morphoanatomy of Mcvaughia species. A patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.bahianaB patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.piauhiensisC patterns of leaf glands distribution on the abaxial leaf surface of M.sergipanaD transverse section of leaf base showing the basilaminar pair of stalked glands (white arrows) E basilaminar leaf gland with a stalk (black arrow) in M.piauhiensisF basilaminar gland in M.sergipana showing a sessile position (SE= anatomical arrangement with secretory epidermis, SP= vascularized secretory parenchyma) G–H laminar glands on the apex of cleared leaves of M.sergipana and M.bahiana respectively, note the apical tooth (G) I sessile laminar glands in M.sergipanaJ stalked laminar gland in M.piauhiensisK–L transverse sections of the leaf blade; mesophyll with uniserial palisade-like parenchyma and spongy parenchyma composed by several or few layers in M.sergipana and M.bahiana, respectively; note the idioblast with druse crystals at the mesophyll (white arrow) and the stomata distribution at the abaxial leaf surface (black arrow) M–N adaxial epidermis surface of M.piauhiensis and M.sergipana, showing scars of malpighiaceous trichomes O abaxial epidermis surface of trichomes abundance in M.bahianaP–Q outline of the anticlinal epidermal cell walls: straight in M.sergipana (P) and sinuous in M.bahiana (Q). Laminar scale bars: 1 cm (A–C), 100 μm (D, F–K, N–O), 150 μm (E), 50 μm (L–M, P–Q).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262228.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262228.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4_p_5 phytokeys.117.32207.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Reproductive morphoanatomy of Mcvaughia species. A inflorescence during development, showing a bracteole gland (BG) and Sepal glands (SG) B ten sepal glands encircling the calyx C Petal glands (PG) along the margin of posterior petal D–F transverse section of bracteole glands in M.sergipana, M.bahiana and M.piauhiensis, respectively G anatomical arrangement of bracteole gland, with a palisade-like secretory epidermis (SE) and secretory parenchyma (SP) H–I transverse section of floral bud and anthesis flower in Mcvaughiabahiana and M.sergipana; calyx gland pair displaced at the anterior sepal J calyx gland structure, showing a secretory epidermis (SE) and vascularized secretory parenchyma (SP) K–L petal glands on the margin of petals in M.sergipana and M.bahiana respectively M–N detail of the petal glands at the apex of the petal limb in M.sergipana, cleared and in SEM image O–Q petal glands positioned at the base, M.bahiana on SEM image, M.bahiana and M.piauhiensis cleared R–T conspicuous and stalked petal glands at the base of M.sergipana, in SEM image, cleared and longitudinal section. Scale bars: 200 μm (D), 150 μm (E–F), 50 μm (G), 500 μm (H–I), 100 μm (J, P–S), 300 μm (L–M), 200 μm (N, T).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32207 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafael F. Almeida, Isabel R. Guesdon, Marcelo R. Pace, Renata M.S. Meira Almeida R, Guesdon I, Pace M, Meira R (2019) Taxonomic revision of Mcvaughia W.R.Anderson (Malpighiaceae): notes on vegetative and reproductive anatomy and the description of a new species PhytoKeys (117): 45–72 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262229.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262229.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1_description phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTerrestrial, rhizomatous herb up to 1.6 m tall; rhizome branching parallel to leaf distichy, pale brown externally, creamy white internally; leafy shoot slanting with an erect inflorescence; basal sheath pinkish-red. Leaves subsessile; sheath purplish-red; ligule 1.8–2.3 cm wide, ovate, glabrous, purplish-red; lamina 35–60 × 13–17 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, dark green (adaxial) and pale green (abaxial); acumen 1.5–3.0 cm long, ends in a small caducous appendage; base rounded, red protrusion at the junction of ligule and leaf base. Inflorescence 16 × 8 cm, dense-spike, erect, cylindrical; rachis pubescent, remains more hidden due to overcrowding of bracts and flowers; bracts 4.0–4.5 × 1.0–1.2 cm, elliptic, glabrous, green, tinged with red, folded, involute, 2–3 flowered; bracteoles 1.0–1.5 cm long, tubular, pubescent, greenish-red. Flowers 11.5–12.5 cm long, ascending, white (when fresh), turn creamy white the next day, many flowers open simultaneously, mildly fragrant in the daytime and strongly fragrant at night; calyx 2.8–3.2 cm long, tubular, translucent, 3-toothed, slightly hairy at tip; floral tube 4.7–5.0 cm long, glabrous, curved, greenish-yellow; corolla lobes linear, curled, orientated downwards, glabrous, light green; dorsal lobe 4.2–4.5 cm long, linear, curled, glabrous, beaked at tip, embracing the filament and anther in the bud stage, light green; lateral lobes 4.0–4.3 cm long, linear, curled (single curl), non-beaked at tip, glabrous, light green; lateral staminodes 3.5–4.0 cm long, widest part 0.5 cm, narrowly oblanceolate, one edge linear, obtuse, unguiculate, upper halves reflexed backwards, positioned acute (< 70°) with respect to labellum, white, light yellow towards base; labellum 3.5–4.0 × 1.0–1.5 cm, elliptic, glabrous, white with light yellow blotch, deeply bilobed, canaliculate, gradually clawed; lobes acute, upper halves reflexed backwards; sinus 1.5–2 cm deep; claw 1.0–1.3 × 0.2–0.3 cm; filament 5.5–6.0 cm long, slightly arching, deeply grooved on one side, pale orange, bright orange towards tip; anther 0.9–1.2 cm long, linear, basifixed, orange; thecae 2, split longitudinally; connective 0.1–0.2 cm long, bright orange; stigma 0.1 cm wide, cup-shaped, hairy at tip, exserted from the anther by at least 0.1 cm, green; style 11.5–12 cm long, filiform, white, greenish towards tip; epigynous nectaries 0.2–0.25 cm long, glabrous, yellow; ovary 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.4 cm, barrel-shaped, pubescent, creamy orange externally; placentation axile; ovules spherical, creamy white. Fruit not seen. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24951 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ajith Ashokan, Vinita Gowda Ashokan A, Gowda V (2019) Hedychiumziroense (Zingiberaceae), a new species of ginger lily from Northeast India PhytoKeys (117): 73–84 9c99d5fc796ccbb7c07be8fcdc1f2876; c30254dc0870608283fb0ef6a614599c phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nThis species is known only from collection along road banks on the Itanagar-Ziro road, Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh at an elevation of more than 1700 m. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24951 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ajith Ashokan, Vinita Gowda Ashokan A, Gowda V (2019) Hedychiumziroense (Zingiberaceae), a new species of ginger lily from Northeast India PhytoKeys (117): 73–84 9c99d5fc796ccbb7c07be8fcdc1f2876; c30254dc0870608283fb0ef6a614599c phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Hedychiumziroense V.Gowda & Ashokan, sp. nov. A Habitat B Habit C Inflorescence D Flower E Floral dissection a Bract b Bracteole c Unopened bud d Calyx e Dorsal corolla lobe f Lateral corolla lobe × 2 g Labellum h Lateral staminode × 2 i Floral tube j Filament k Anther l Stigma m Style n Epigynous nectary × 2 o Ovary. Photographed by Ajith Ashokan.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24951 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ajith Ashokan, Vinita Gowda Ashokan A, Gowda V (2019) Hedychiumziroense (Zingiberaceae), a new species of ginger lily from Northeast India PhytoKeys (117): 73–84 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262870.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262870.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Comparison of Hedychiumziroense and H.griersonianum. A, B Shoot and inflorescence of H.ziroense sp. nov. CH.griersonianumD Holotype of H.griersonianum R.M.Sm. Photo Credits: A, B Ajith Ashokan C Andrew Grierson. © Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2018; Dhttp://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00265100 © Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2018.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24951 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ajith Ashokan, Vinita Gowda Ashokan A, Gowda V (2019) Hedychiumziroense (Zingiberaceae), a new species of ginger lily from Northeast India PhytoKeys (117): 73–84 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262871.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262871.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.117.24951.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n AHedychiumgriersonianumB Inflorescence of H.yunnanense (flower in the inset) C Inflorescence of H.ellipticumD Inflorescence of H.gomezianumE Flower of H.ziroenseF Flower of H.ellipticumG Flower of H.gomezianum. Photo Credits: A Andrew Grierson. © Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2018; B Leslie Brothers. © United States National Herbarium (US); C, E. Ajith Ashokan; D, F, G Preeti Saryan.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=24951 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ajith Ashokan, Vinita Gowda Ashokan A, Gowda V (2019) Hedychiumziroense (Zingiberaceae), a new species of ginger lily from Northeast India PhytoKeys (117): 73–84 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262872.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_262872.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1_description phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennial herbs, stems 0.5−1.8 m tall, without rosette leaves. Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect, 27.5−30.6 cm long and 17.8−20.2 cm wide, U-shaped space between pinnae, smooth, elliptic to broadly elliptic, base truncate to cuneate, apex caudate, pinnae 8.3−10.4 cm long and 17.2−18.6 mm wide, space between pinnae 2.5−3.0 cm, 6−7 pairs. Capitula arranged into racemes or panicles, mature capitula nodding, involucre bowl shaped, 3.4−3.8 cm long and 1.5−2.0 cm wide. Involucre lacking abaxial appendages, inner phyllaries acute apically, outer phyllaries green with indistinct layers, 1.6−1.8 cm long and 1.8−2.4 mm wide, protrusion 6.0−11.0 mm. Florets with white corolla, 2.8−3.1 cm long, corolla lobes 5.2−6.0 mm long and 0.4−0.7 mm wide; 5 synantherous stamens, detached filaments with irregular protuberances, basal caudate extensions, white or brown, anthers 5.4−8.2 mm long, filaments 6.8−8.0 mm long. Stigmas bifid apically, style 2.0−3.4 cm long, ovaries 1.5−2.0 mm long. Achenes oblong, base acute, apex truncate, beige, 4.3−4.9 mm long and 1.7−1.8 mm wide, long tube-shaped beak apically. Pappus 1.3−2.1 cm long forming basal ring, easily shed. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 bb37fdf9ca5bcb64fbac1793f66ee666; 338aca8500b0bd0ab725ada0d52c15d7; c1b1c5b3dfcb0cadef9a5bd062a1bf39 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to central-northern Taiwan. Preference for gullies and valleys at 1500−3500 m alt. (Fig. 3). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 bb37fdf9ca5bcb64fbac1793f66ee666; 338aca8500b0bd0ab725ada0d52c15d7; c1b1c5b3dfcb0cadef9a5bd062a1bf39 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Holotypes of the three species of Cirsiumsect.Onotrophe in Taiwan. AC.tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang, C. Y. Chang 1444 (TCF) BC.kawakamii Hayata, T. Kawakami & U. Mori 2279 (TI!) CC.arisanense Kitam., S. Kitamura s.n. (KYO!).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264706.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264706.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Comparison of the morphological characters amongst the species of Cirsiumsect.Onotrophe in Taiwan. AC.tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang BC.kawakamii Hayata CC.arisanense Kitam.: 1 leaf 2 capitula 3 inner phyllary 3’ middle phyllary 3” outer phyllary 4 floret 4’ floret (pappus removed) 5 synantherous 6 style branches 7 achene 7’ achene with pappus.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264707.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264707.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n Chromosome number of the two species of Cirsiumsubsect.Nipponocirsium Kitam. in Taiwan. A 2n = 64, C.tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang B 2n = 64, C.kawakamii Hayata. Scale bar: 5 μm.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264708.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264708.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Comparison of the pollen morphology of the three species of Cirsiumsect.Onotrophe in Taiwan. AC.tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang BC.kawakamii Hayata CC.arisanense Kitam.: 1 polar view 2 equatorial view 3 colporate view. Scale bar: 30 μm.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264709.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264709.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1_p_5 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Distribution map of Cirsiumtatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang (star); C.kawakamii Hayata (triangle); and C.arisanense Kitam. (circle) of Taiwan.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264705.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264705.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2_description phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennial herbs, stems 0.5−1.5 m tall, without rosette leaves. Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect, 27.2−34.8 cm long and 16.4−19.4 cm wide, U-shaped space between pinnae, smooth, elliptic to broadly elliptic, base truncate to cuneate, apex caudate, pinnae 6.4−7.5 cm long and 7.3−11.9 mm wide, space between pinnae 2.9−3.0 cm, 4−6 pairs. Capitula arranged into racemes or panicles, mature capitula nodding, involucre bowl-shaped, 3.9−4.0 cm long and 1.7−2.1 cm wide. Involucre lacking abaxial appendages, inner phyllaries acute apically, outer phyllaries reddish-purple with indistinct layers, 1.1−2.2 cm long and 1.8−2.4 mm wide, protrusion 6.3−13.0 mm. Florets with purplish-red corolla, 3.2−3.3 cm long, corolla lobes 4.3−5.3 mm long and 0.4−0.7 mm wide; 5 synantherous stamens, detached filaments with irregular protuberances, basal caudate extensions, light purple or brown, anthers 6.4−6.8 mm long, filaments 7.1−8.1 mm long. Stigmas bifid apically, style 3.0−3.2 cm long, ovaries 1.7−1.9 mm long. Achenes oblong, base acute, apex truncate, beige, 3.0−3.5 mm long and 1.4−1.6 mm wide, long tube-shaped beak apically. Pappus 1.6−1.8 cm long forming basal ring, easily shed. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 bb37fdf9ca5bcb64fbac1793f66ee666; 338aca8500b0bd0ab725ada0d52c15d7; c1b1c5b3dfcb0cadef9a5bd062a1bf39 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic species of Taiwan. Cirsiumtatakaense is located in open areas of cloud forests of vegetation zones from the Quercus to Abies forest zone at alt. 2000−3000 m in central-southern Taiwan (Fig. 3). Based on the geographical climatic regions and vegetation zones (Su 1984, 1985), C.tatakaense is distributed mainly in the central-west inland regions. Cirsiumtatakaense has been discovered in sunny environments, such as roadsides and forest margins, concentrated on the upper portions of hills along Provincial Highway no. 18. Miscanthustransmorrisonensis Andersson (Poaceae), Rubustaitoensis Hayata (Rosaceae) and SenecionemorensisL.var.dentatus (Kitam.) H. Koyama (Compositae) are often discovered with C.tatakaense. Sometimes, C.arisanense Kitam. and C.ferum Kitam. are found near to C.tatakaense; however, no hybrid individual between these species has been observed. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 bb37fdf9ca5bcb64fbac1793f66ee666; 338aca8500b0bd0ab725ada0d52c15d7; c1b1c5b3dfcb0cadef9a5bd062a1bf39 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Line drawings of Cirsiumtatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang A habit B root C leaf D capitula E inner phyllary E’ middle phyllary E” outer phyllary F floret F’ floret (pappus removed) G synantherous H style branches I achene. Voucher: C. Y. Chang 1442 (TCF).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264703.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264703.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Cirsiumtatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang A habitat B habit C seedling D variations of leaves E inflorescences F capitula G floret; (right-side pappus removed) H achene with pappus I achene.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264704.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264704.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Holotypes of the three species of Cirsiumsect.Onotrophe in Taiwan. AC.tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang, C. Y. Chang 1444 (TCF) BC.kawakamii Hayata, T. Kawakami & U. Mori 2279 (TI!) CC.arisanense Kitam., S. Kitamura s.n. (KYO!).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264706.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264706.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2_p_4 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Comparison of the morphological characters amongst the species of Cirsiumsect.Onotrophe in Taiwan. AC.tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang BC.kawakamii Hayata CC.arisanense Kitam.: 1 leaf 2 capitula 3 inner phyllary 3’ middle phyllary 3” outer phyllary 4 floret 4’ floret (pappus removed) 5 synantherous 6 style branches 7 achene 7’ achene with pappus.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264707.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264707.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2_p_5 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n Chromosome number of the two species of Cirsiumsubsect.Nipponocirsium Kitam. in Taiwan. A 2n = 64, C.tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang B 2n = 64, C.kawakamii Hayata. Scale bar: 5 μm.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264708.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264708.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2_p_6 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Comparison of the pollen morphology of the three species of Cirsiumsect.Onotrophe in Taiwan. AC.tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang BC.kawakamii Hayata CC.arisanense Kitam.: 1 polar view 2 equatorial view 3 colporate view. Scale bar: 30 μm.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264709.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264709.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2_p_7 phytokeys.117.29380.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Distribution map of Cirsiumtatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang (star); C.kawakamii Hayata (triangle); and C.arisanense Kitam. (circle) of Taiwan.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=29380 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng Chang C, Tzeng H, Tseng Y (2019) Cirsiumtatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 119–132 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264705.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264705.jpg 2019 phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1_description phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nWoody vine. Branches slender, shallowly 6 sulcate, very sparsely puberulous. Leaves pinnate to 2-ternate, very rarely ternate, up to 16 cm in length and 13 cm in width; living leaflets dry, green or sometimes grey-green, papyraceous to chartaceous, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.8–6.5 × 0.3–0.8 cm, glabrous on the upper side, sparsely puberulous on the lower side, usually 2–3-lobed to 2–3-sect, sometimes undivided, terminal lobe lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 0.4–0.8 cm broad, margin entire, never dentate, midrib adaxially flat or slightly prominent, abaxially clearly prominent. Cymes all axillary, (1–2–)3–flowered; peduncles 2.5–3.0 cm long, slender; bracts petiolate, leaflet-like, up to 3.5 cm long; central flower of the 3 flowered cyme without bracteole, two lateral flowers bracteolate; bracteole petiolate and leaflet-like, up to 8 mm long. Flower 3.8–5.8 cm diam.; pedicel 2.8–5.2 cm long, puberulous, upper pedicel usually densely hairy. Sepals 4, pinkish-purple outside and yellow inside, ascending, lanceolate, 18–27 × 4–6.5 mm, puberulous on both surfaces, outside margin velutinous, apex acute to slightly attenuate. Stamens more than 30, 9–12 mm long; filaments lanceolate linear, widened in the lower part, pubescent; anthers linear to narrowly oblong, 3–4 mm long, glabrous, apex obtuse, minutely apiculate. Carpels numerous, up to 60 per flower; ovaries pubescent; styles 8–12 mm long, densely villous. Achenes laterally compressed, elliptic, ca. 3.9 × 2.1 mm, puberulous; persistent styles 6.5 cm long, plumose. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31854 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jian He, Ru-Dan Lyu, Min Yao, Lei Xie, Zong-Zong Yang He J, Lyu R, Yao M, Xie L, Yang Z (2019) Clematismae (Ranunculaceae), a new species of C.sect.Meclatis from Xinjiang, China PhytoKeys (117): 133–142 46672fa3ff92d9ac0b8f9aab7ef4797f; e4045885ff5cab67fa2a017620d25f3a; 1e0ec9c91c996681bd8c7429c25c2d29; 1213b29769dda8421d9426b604fd5644; 9c9368ff999f98ab0bd9a3965c3f9610 phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nOnly known from its type locality, Yuer gou, Toksun, Xinjiang, China. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31854 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jian He, Ru-Dan Lyu, Min Yao, Lei Xie, Zong-Zong Yang He J, Lyu R, Yao M, Xie L, Yang Z (2019) Clematismae (Ranunculaceae), a new species of C.sect.Meclatis from Xinjiang, China PhytoKeys (117): 133–142 46672fa3ff92d9ac0b8f9aab7ef4797f; e4045885ff5cab67fa2a017620d25f3a; 1e0ec9c91c996681bd8c7429c25c2d29; 1213b29769dda8421d9426b604fd5644; 9c9368ff999f98ab0bd9a3965c3f9610 phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Holotype specimen (M. Ma & Z.Z. Yang 99348, deposited in BJFC) of the new species, Clematismae Z.Z.Yang & L.Xie, collected from Yuer gou, Toksun, Xinjiang, China.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31854 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jian He, Ru-Dan Lyu, Min Yao, Lei Xie, Zong-Zong Yang He J, Lyu R, Yao M, Xie L, Yang Z (2019) Clematismae (Ranunculaceae), a new species of C.sect.Meclatis from Xinjiang, China PhytoKeys (117): 133–142 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264714.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264714.jpg 2019 phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Illustration of Clematismae Z.Z.Yang & L.Xie. Drawn by S.F. Li\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31854 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jian He, Ru-Dan Lyu, Min Yao, Lei Xie, Zong-Zong Yang He J, Lyu R, Yao M, Xie L, Yang Z (2019) Clematismae (Ranunculaceae), a new species of C.sect.Meclatis from Xinjiang, China PhytoKeys (117): 133–142 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264715.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264715.jpg 2019 phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.114.31854.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Field photographs of three closely related species of sect. Meclatis. A–CClematismae Z.Z.Yang & L.Xie. (photo taken by M. Ma & Z.Z. Yang) A Biternate leaf and flower buds B Ascending flower and its outside sepals C Flower inside D–FClematisorientalis L. (photo taken at Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, by Z.Z. Yang) D Habitat and plants of C.orientalisE Flower showing spreading and reflexed sepals F Flower showing discernible hair on the inside sepals G–IClematisglauca Willd. (photo taken at Liancheng, Gansu, China, by J. He and L. Xie) G Habitat and plant in flower H Cyme and leaves I Flower and young fruit.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31854 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jian He, Ru-Dan Lyu, Min Yao, Lei Xie, Zong-Zong Yang He J, Lyu R, Yao M, Xie L, Yang Z (2019) Clematismae (Ranunculaceae), a new species of C.sect.Meclatis from Xinjiang, China PhytoKeys (117): 133–142 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264716.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264716.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n Polygonatumarisanensevar.arisanense. A habit B rhizome C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower G pistil H expanded perianth tube with stamens I fruit.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31902 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Revision of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae, Polygonateae) of Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 99–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264641.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264641.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Distribution map of Polygonatumarisanensevar.arisanense.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31902 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Revision of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae, Polygonateae) of Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 99–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264638.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264638.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Polygonatumarisanensevar.chingshuishanianum. A habit B rhizome C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescence F expanded perianth with stamens G pistil.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31902 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Revision of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae, Polygonateae) of Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 99–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264642.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264642.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Distribution map of Polygonatumarisanensevar.chingshuishanianum.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31902 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Revision of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae, Polygonateae) of Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 99–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264639.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264639.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n Polygonatumarisanensevar.formosanum. A habit B rhizome C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescences F flower G expanded perianth with stamens.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31902 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Revision of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae, Polygonateae) of Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 99–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264643.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264643.jpg 2019 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.117.31902.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Distribution map of Polygonatumarisanensevar.formosanum.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31902 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Revision of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae, Polygonateae) of Taiwan PhytoKeys (117): 99–118 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264640.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_264640.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1_description phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nDecumbent, spreading shrub to 1 m tall and 3 m in diameter, strongly armed. Young stems terete, green to deep purple, the epidermis sometimes with a varnished appearance, nearly glabrous to pubescent with porrect short- to long-stalked stellate trichomes, the stalks up to 2 mm long, multiseriate, the rays 6–8(–11), 0.2–0.5 mm long, the midpoints shorter than or equal in length to the rays, glandular or eglandular; the stem surface more densely covered with variously sized simple glandular trichomes; smaller papillae-like glandular trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long, 1–4-celled, uniseriate, the gland single-celled; and longer glandular trichomes to 0.5(–1.8) mm long, multiseriate at the base with single-celled apical glands; prickles (0.2–)0.5–0.7(–0.9) cm long, orange-yellow, broad-based and strongly curved, the base 1–5 mm wide; new growth densely tomentose to pubescent, prickly, pale beige in color in dried plants; stellate trichomes with multiseriate stalks 0.5–1 mm long, the rays 6–10, ca. 0.5 mm long, the glandular or eglandular midpoint shorter than the rays; simple glandular trichomes denser than the stellate trichomes, the shorter papillae-like ones uniseriate, to 0.2 mm long, and the longer ones to 1.5 mm long, multiseriate at the base; prickles 1–5 mm long, strongly curved, yellow, usually tipped with stellate trichomes and sparsely to densely pubescent on the surface with short- to long-stalked stellate trichomes and simple glandular trichomes; bark of older stems reddish purple in live plants and shiny dark reddish brown in herbarium specimens. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, shallowly lobed, the blades 9–22 cm long, 3–9.3 cm wide, narrowly ovate or trowel-shaped, widest in the lower third, chartaceous, concolorous, armed on both surfaces with curved yellow prickles 0.1–1 cm long, these denser abaxially; adaxial surface epidermis always visible, usually shiny with a varnished appearance, uniformly and sparsely to moderately pubescent with porrect stellate short- to long-stalked trichomes, the stalk 0.2–0.5 mm long, multiseriate, the rays 6–8(10), 0.2–0.5 mm long, the midpoint shorter than the rays and occasionally glandular, these sometimes more densely distributed near the margins, more densely pubescent with simple uniseriate papillae-like glandular trichomes to 0.2 mm long, and 2–3 celled gland-tipped simple trichomes from a multiseriate base; abaxial surface with the epidermis always visible, usually shiny with a varnished appearance, moderately to densely pubescent with stellate and simple trichomes like those of the adaxial surfaces, but the simple glandular trichomes and papillae denser on the lamina; principal veins 4–8 pairs, the finer venation prominent, pale yellow and visible as a complex net on the abaxial surfaces, prickly with curved yellow prickles; base attenuate to abruptly truncate, obtuse or rounded, if attenuate then decurrent onto the petiole, asymmetric or not; margins shallowly lobed, the lobes (1)3–4 on each side of the midvein, rounded and semi-circular in outline, the sinuses less than 1/3 of the distance to the midvein; apex long acuminate, the ultimate tip somewhat rounded; petiole 0.5–5.5 cm long, pubescent like the stems, armed with prickles like those of the stems. Inflorescences 4.5–12 cm long, internodal, usually unbranched, less frequently furcate, with 4–15 flowers, sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent and densely glandular pubescent with trichomes like the stems, densely and irregularly prickly along the entire axis with curved yellow prickles 0.1–0.7 cm long, peduncle 1–2 cm long, prickly and pubescent; pedicels 0.6–2 cm long, ca. 1–1.5 mm in diameter at base and apex, spreading, sparsely to densely prickly, the prickles ca. 5 mm long, straight, usually denser on the basal flower, but in more pubescent individuals all pedicels prickly, articulated at the base; pedicel scars widely spaced 1–2 cm apart near the base of the inflorescence, more closely spaced distally. Buds long-fusiform and tapering, the corolla included in the fused calyx lobes until just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous (occasionally 4-merous some flowers), slightly zygomorphic (see discussion), heteromorphic, 1(–3) long-styled hermaphroditic flowers at the base of the inflorescence, more distal flowers short-styled and functionally staminate, the plants andromonoecious. Calyx with the tube ca. 3 mm long, obconical to cupuliform, pubescent like the rest of the inflorescence, densely prickly with straight yellow prickles; the lobes 1.2–2 cm long, foliose, lanceolate to long-triangular, strongly reflexed at anthesis, abaxially pubescent and prickly like the rest of the inflorescence, adaxially pubescent with minute sessile or short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes to 0.2 mm long, the basal hermaphroditic flower more densely prickly and more distal flower calyces often lacking prickles. Corolla 3–6.5 cm in diameter, deep purple in younger flowers, becoming lilac with flower age, the color deeper adaxially, stellate, lobed ca. halfway to the base, the lobes 0.9–2.5 cm long, 1–2 cm wide, spreading, slightly to strongly reflexed at anthesis, abaxially densely stellate-pubescent where exposed in bud, the interpetalar tissue glabrous, adaxially densely papillate with minute stellate trichomes along the midvein, the tips acuminate, the acumens 3–4 mm long, cucullate and densely stellate-pubescent abaxially. Stamens slightly unequal, the upper 2 slightly shorter than the other 3; filament tube 0.8–1.5 mm long, glabrous; free portion of the filaments 1.4–2.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 12.5–18.5 mm long, 1.7–2.6 mm wide at the base, strongly tapering, the 3 lower longer anthers more or less curved upward in their distal portion, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores distally directed, the connective abaxially pubescent with weak-walled white to deep purple stellate trichomes along the entire length. Ovary globose, densely stellate-pubescent with hyaline eglandular many-rayed trichomes, the rays and midpoints equal and not easily distinguishable; style 15–19 mm long in long-styled flowers, curved upwards, glabrous to moderately brown-stalked stellate-pubescent in the basal half, densely glandular papillate near the apex; stigma capitate to strongly bi-lobed (or sometimes with several irregular lobes), green in live plants, the surface densely papillate. Fruit a globose or depressed-globose berry, 7–15 cm in diameter, green becoming yellowish green and sweetly fragrant when ripe, the pericarp smooth, sparsely pubescent with minute stellate trichomes, especially near the pedicel, the mesocarp spongy, pale cream; fruiting pedicels 1.8–2.5 cm long, 1.1–1.3 cm in diameter at the base, 6.5–8.5 mm in diameter at the apex, fleshy in live plants, woody in dry specimens, strongly deflexed downwards so some fruits rest on the soil; fruiting calyx lobes ca. 2 cm long, persistent, prickly or not. Seeds > 100 per berry, 6–7 mm long, 5–6.2 mm wide, flattened reniform, dark brown to blackish brown, drying gray to dark gray, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells sinuate in outline. Chromosome number not known. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31598 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, João Renato tehmann, Sandra Knapp Gouvêa Y, tehmann J, Knapp S (2019) Solanummedusae (Solanaceae), a new wolf-fruit from Brazil, and a key to the extra-Amazonian Brazilian Androceras/Crinitum Clade species PhytoKeys (118): 15–32 c784fd159b0dbc6cefc89c64fc997984; 57a8d1392b15baf88237d5571ecbcf1e; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Figure 4). Solanummedusae is only known from the region of the Serra da Canastra in southwestern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It has been collected from six municipalities located northeast (Campinópolis, Piumhi, São José do Barreiro and São Roque de Minas), north (São João Batista da Serra) and west (Sacramento) of the Serra da Canastra. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31598 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, João Renato tehmann, Sandra Knapp Gouvêa Y, tehmann J, Knapp S (2019) Solanummedusae (Solanaceae), a new wolf-fruit from Brazil, and a key to the extra-Amazonian Brazilian Androceras/Crinitum Clade species PhytoKeys (118): 15–32 c784fd159b0dbc6cefc89c64fc997984; 57a8d1392b15baf88237d5571ecbcf1e; 7bd0ab4636515815cafd8912d1ae44f6 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Solanummedusae.A Habit B Flowering branch with an immature fruit C Detail of the adaxial leaf surface indumentum D Detail of the abaxial leaf surface indumentum E Trichome types from stems and leaves (Y.F. Gouvêa et al. 230, BHCB). Scale bars: 30 cm (A), 8 cm (B), 0.5 mm (C–E). Drawings by Iago F. Gouvêa.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31598 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, João Renato tehmann, Sandra Knapp Gouvêa Y, tehmann J, Knapp S (2019) Solanummedusae (Solanaceae), a new wolf-fruit from Brazil, and a key to the extra-Amazonian Brazilian Androceras/Crinitum Clade species PhytoKeys (118): 15–32 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267817.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267817.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Solanummedusae. A Habitat B Habit; note the distinctive decumbent posture C Roots; note the horizontal growth D Branch apex; note the deep purple coloration and leaf shape E Inflorescence; note that the first flower is always long-styled (upper left corner: a more developed inflorescence with an immature fruit being formed from its first flower, and short-styled flowers distally, some of which have already fallen) F Long-styled flower (upper right corner: detail of the slightly unequal anthers with stellate-pubescent connectives; bottom right corner: color difference between the purple post-anthesis corollas and the lilac senescent ones) G Fruit (upper left corner: half of a transversally dissected fruit; upper right corner: seed; bottom right corner: dissected embryo). Photographs A, C–G by Y.F. Gouvêa B by Philipe S. Saviott.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31598 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, João Renato tehmann, Sandra Knapp Gouvêa Y, tehmann J, Knapp S (2019) Solanummedusae (Solanaceae), a new wolf-fruit from Brazil, and a key to the extra-Amazonian Brazilian Androceras/Crinitum Clade species PhytoKeys (118): 15–32 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267818.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267818.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Indumentum of Solanummedusae. A–C Variation in young stem indumentum (A: Y.F. Gouvêa 230; B: Y.F. Gouvêa 264; C: Y.F. Gouvêa 262, BHCB) D Adaxial leaf surface epidermis and indumentum E Detail of the simple glandular trichomes of the adaxial surface F Abaxial leaf surface epidermis and indumentum G Detail of the abaxial surface trichome types (D–GY.F. Gouvêa 230, BHCB). Photographs by Y.F. Gouvêa.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31598 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, João Renato tehmann, Sandra Knapp Gouvêa Y, tehmann J, Knapp S (2019) Solanummedusae (Solanaceae), a new wolf-fruit from Brazil, and a key to the extra-Amazonian Brazilian Androceras/Crinitum Clade species PhytoKeys (118): 15–32 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267819.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267819.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Distribution of Solanummedusae.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31598 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, João Renato tehmann, Sandra Knapp Gouvêa Y, tehmann J, Knapp S (2019) Solanummedusae (Solanaceae), a new wolf-fruit from Brazil, and a key to the extra-Amazonian Brazilian Androceras/Crinitum Clade species PhytoKeys (118): 15–32 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267820.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267820.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1_p_5 phytokeys.118.31598.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Distinctive characters of extra-Amazonian species of the Androceras/Crinitum clade. A Stem indumentum of S.crinitum; note the straight bristly stellate trichomes (Y.F. Gouvêa et al. 196, BHCB) B Stem indumentum of S.falciforme; note the falcate stellate trichomes (L.F. Souza 481, BHCB) C Stem indumentum of S.lycocarpum (Y.F. Gouvêa 268, BHCB) D Adaxial leaf surface indumentum of S.lycocarpum (Y.F. Gouvêa 268, BHCB) E Adaxial leaf surface indumentum of S.falciforme (L.F. Souza 481, BHCB) F Adaxial leaf surface indumentum of S.quaesitum (U.M. Resende & V.F. Kinupp 1817, BHCB) G Adaxial leaf surface indumentum of S.crinitum (Y.F. Gouvêa et al. 196, BHCB) H Adaxial leaf surface indumentum of S.gomphodes (L.L. Giacomin et al. 1274, BHCB) I Sessile sagittate leaf bases of S.gomphodes (L.L. Giacomin et al. 1274, BHCB) J Apiculate calyx lobe apices in S.quaesitum; note the extended midribs (U.M. Resende & V.F. Kinupp 1817, BHCB) K Abaxial anther surface of S.quaesitum; note the papillose epidermis sparsely covered by simple glandular trichomes (upper left side: detail of the distinctly swollen epidermis along the connective region; U.M. Resende & V.F. Kinupp 1817, BHCB). Photographs by Y.F. Gouvêa.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=31598 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, João Renato tehmann, Sandra Knapp Gouvêa Y, tehmann J, Knapp S (2019) Solanummedusae (Solanaceae), a new wolf-fruit from Brazil, and a key to the extra-Amazonian Brazilian Androceras/Crinitum Clade species PhytoKeys (118): 15–32 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267821.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267821.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_1_description phytokeys.118.30268.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 20–80(–110) cm tall. Rhizome compact, sometimes long creeping, 2–8 mm in diam. Leaves basal and cauline, usually trifoliolate or occasionally unifoliolate; leaflets of trifoliolate leaves narrowly ovate or lanceolate, 3–19.8 × 1.5–8.9 cm, apex long acuminate, base cordate, lobes rounded or acute, those of the lateral leaflets very unequal; unifoliolate leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 8.7–20 × 6.8–11.5 cm, apex acuminate, base cordate, lobes equal, rounded or rarely acute; leaves leathery when mature, margin spinous-serrate, spines 1–2 mm long, adaxially deep green, glossy, abaxially glaucous, papillose, with dense or sparse shortly appressed stout bristle-like hairs and sometimes densely sericeous. Flowering stem with 2 trifoliolate opposite leaves, sometimes 3-whorled trifoliolate leaves or 2 opposite unifoliolate, rarely with 2 opposite leaves with one trifoliolate and the other unifoliolate, 3 whorled leaves with one trifoliolate and two unifoliolate or 3 whorled unifoliolate leaves. Panicle 6–70(–108)-flowered, 6–33 cm long, with lower peduncles loosely 2–5-flowered, glabrous or occasionally glandular-hairy. Pedicel 1–5 cm long. Flowers large, 3–5 cm in diam. Outer sepals 4, blunt, outer pair ovate-oblong, ca. 3 × 2 mm, inner pair broadly obovate, ca. 4.5 × 4 mm; inner sepals ovate-elliptic, 6–21 × 3–9 mm, apically acute, white, yellowish, pale rose or rose, petals pale yellow, yellow, pale violet, reddish-purple, purple-yellow, pale purple or purple. Petals curving outward, horn-shaped, much longer than inner sepals, 15–25 mm, tamping from the swollen but lamina-less base. Stamens 3–4 mm long; anthers yellow or green, ca. 2.5 mm long. Follicles oblong, ca. 20 mm long, style rostriform. Seeds numerous. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.118.30268.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEpimediumacuminatum is one of the most widespread species in the genus, distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, and northern Yunnan. Its large distribution area is predominantly characterised by mountain land. Epimediumacuminatum is often found on mountain slopes, forest edges or weedy slopes with elevations ranging from 270 m to 2400 m (Fig. 2). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n The flower colour variations of different populations of E.acuminatum. A SCMP, mainly yellow B SCSL, mainly yellow, occasionally purple-yellow at the base of petals C CQNC, mainly yellow, occasionally rose-purple D SCSS, from yellow to purple E SCEM, mainly purple, occasionally purple-yellow F SCYJ, mainly purple, occasionally purple-yellow G Individual with yellow flowers H Individual with purple-yellow flowers I Individual with purple flowers.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267859.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267859.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Geographical variation in flower colour patterns within E.acuminatum. The circles and boxes represent wild populations and herbarium specimens, respectively. The colour of the circles and boxes represent flower colour. The 19 population codes are shown in Table 1. The left area of the red dotted line is western China. The information of 23 representative herbarium specimens is as follow: 1. B. Y. Peng 47070; 2. B. L. Guo 0540; 3. B. L. Guo 0608; 4. B. L. Guo 0607; 5. Sichuan Econ. Pl. Exped. 0013; 6. F. T. Wang 23329; 7. G. H. Yang 54343; 8. K. Y. Lang 3002; 9. Sichuan Econ. Pl. Exped. 0030; 10. T. C. Pan & G. F. Wu 105; 11. Sanxia Exped. 0729; 12. Sanxia Exped. 0821; 13. K. J. Guan et al. 0273; 14. X. B. Zhang 19; 15. Jinfoshan Exped. 0202; 16. Q. H. Chen et al. 9411; 17. J. M. Yuan 003; 18. Z. S. Zhang et al. 401131; 19. Y. Tsiang 4994; 20. S. Z. He 96410; 21. P. Zhao 807; 22. S. W. Teng 0008; 23. Z. Y. Wu 60.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267860.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267860.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_2_description phytokeys.118.30268.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 12–50 cm tall. Rhizome long creeping, or compact, 1–5(–8) mm in diam.; internodes sometimes to 20 cm. Leaves basal and cauline, trifoliolate or occasionally unifoliolate. Leaflets of trifoliolate leaves narrowly ovate or ovate, 3–16 × 2–8.6 cm, apex long acuminate, base deeply cordate with usually rounded lobes nearly touching, those of the lateral leaflets very unequal; unifoliolate leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 8–13.7 × 5–11 cm, apex acuminate, base cordate with lobes equal, rounded and rarely acute; leaves leathery, margin spinous-serrate, adaxially deep green, glossy, abaxially glaucous, papillose, and pubescent along veins, especially dense at the insertion of petioles and petiolules. Flowering stem with 1 trifoliolate leaf or 2 opposite leaves. Inflorescence simple, racemose, 3–14-flowered, 12–25 cm long, glandular. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm long, glandular. Flowers large, ca. 4 cm in diam. Outer sepals green or purplish, outer pair ovate-oblong, 3–5 × 2 mm, apex obtuse, inner pair broadly ovate, 4–5.5 × 3–4.5 mm, apex acuminate; inner sepals white, white tinged with rose, or rose, narrowly elliptic, 11–20 × 4–7 mm, apex acute. Petals subequal to or longer than the inner sepals, white or pale yellow with base yellow or orange, white with base rose or deep rose, rose, deep rose or pale purple, horn-shaped, 15–26 mm, tapering from a swollen but lamina-less base. Stamens ca. 4 mm long; anthers, yellow or green, ca. 3 mm long. Follicles oblong, 8–18 mm long; style rostriform. Seeds numerous. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.118.30268.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEpimediumleptorrhizum is distributed in the montane forests or thickets in Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing, in elevations ranging from 350 m to 2100 m (Fig. 4). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n The variations and morphological characters of E.leptorrhizum. A the colour variations of inner sepals and petals B–E variations of the number and arrangement of stem-leaves F long creeping rhizome G stout and compact rhizome.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267861.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267861.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Geographical variation in flower colour patterns within E.leptorrhizum (boxes), E.pauciflorum (circles), E.mikinorii (diamonds) and E.glandulosopilosum (triangle). The colour of the boxes, circles, diamonds and triangle represent flower colour. The population codes are shown in Table 1. The left area of the red dotted line is western China.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267862.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267862.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_3_description phytokeys.118.30268.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 6–30 cm tall. Rhizome long creeping, 1–3 mm in diam.; sometimes creeping to 20–25 cm. Leaves basal and cauline, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate or suborbicular, 1.3–4.5 × 1.2–3.5 cm, abaxially sparsely or occasionally densely puberulent, adaxially glabrous when mature, base deeply cordate with rounded lobes nearly touching, those of lateral leaflets conspicuously unequal, margin coarsely serrate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Flowering stem with 1 trifoliolate, occasionally 1 unifoliolate leaf or 2 alternate trifoliolate leaves. Inflorescence simple, racemose, few-flowered (ca. 2–6 flowers), 3–13.5 cm long; inflorescence axis and pedicels glandular or pubescent. Pedicel 1–2.3 cm long; bracts ovate, 0.8–1.4 mm. Flowers ca. 2–2.5 cm in diam. Outer sepals fall sooner, greenish, caduceus, narrowly obovate, ca. 4 × 3 mm; inner sepals white, faintly rose-tinged or pale rose, broadly lanceolate, ca. 12 × 5 mm, apex obtuse. Petals declined, white, white tinged with pale rose, rose, pale yellow, pale rose with the base purple yellow, horn-shaped, longer than inner sepals, blunt spurs ca. 15 mm long, expanded at base into a lamina 6 mm high. Stamens ca. 4 mm long; anthers yellow, ca. 2.5 mm long. Follicles oblong, 10–15 cm long; style rostriform. Seeds 4–6. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_3_distribution phytokeys.118.30268.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEpimediumpauciflorum is only known from the mountains of Maowen (the holotype locality, once and now divided into Maoxian, Wenchuan and Lixian) in Sichuan province, usually occurring in forest edges and weedy slopes, at high elevations approximately 1700–2600 m (Fig. 4). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n The variations and morphological characters of E.pauciflorum. A colour variations of inner sepals and petals B–D variations of the number and arrangement of stem-leaves E long creeping and thread-like rhizome.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267863.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267863.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Geographical variation in flower colour patterns within E.leptorrhizum (boxes), E.pauciflorum (circles), E.mikinorii (diamonds) and E.glandulosopilosum (triangle). The colour of the boxes, circles, diamonds and triangle represent flower colour. The population codes are shown in Table 1. The left area of the red dotted line is western China.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267862.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267862.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_4_description phytokeys.118.30268.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 26–94 cm tall. Rhizome compact. Leaves basal and cauline, trifoliolate; leaflets adaxially dark green, lanceolate, 8–17.4 × 3–8.6 cm, leathery, abaxially glaucous, glabrous or with appressed hairs, base cordate with equal lobes rounded, those of lateral leaflets oblique with outer lobe large and acute, inner lobe smaller and rounded, margin closely spinose-serrulate, apex long acuminate. Flowering stem with 2 opposite or occasionally 3-whorled trifoliolate leaves. Inflorescence compound, loose, 8–50(–85)-flowered, ca. 7–30 cm long, glabrous, with lower peduncles 3–5-flowered. Pedicel 1.0–1.5 cm long, glabrous. Flowers ca. 2.5–3.5 cm in diam. Outer sepals oblong, 4–6 × 2–4 mm; inner sepals yellowish, white, rose-tinged or rose, elliptic, 11–16 × 7–12 mm. Petals longer and much narrower than inner sepals, yellow, orange, purple or purple with yellow-edged lamina ca. 3.5 mm high; spur slightly curved or almost straight, subulate, elongated, 15–20 mm long. Stamens ca. 4 mm long; anthers yellow or green, ca. 3 mm long. Follicles oblong, 8–15 mm long; style rostriform. Seeds numerous. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.118.30268.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEpimediummikinorii is restricted to the mountains of Hubei (Enshi), Western of China, usually occurring at elevations ranging from 500 m to 1700 m (Fig. 4). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n The variations and morphological characters of E.mikinorii. A colour variations of inner sepals B colour variations of petals C individuals that with different flower colour.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267864.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267864.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Geographical variation in flower colour patterns within E.leptorrhizum (boxes), E.pauciflorum (circles), E.mikinorii (diamonds) and E.glandulosopilosum (triangle). The colour of the boxes, circles, diamonds and triangle represent flower colour. The population codes are shown in Table 1. The left area of the red dotted line is western China.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267862.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267862.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_5_description phytokeys.118.30268.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nHerbs 16–80 cm tall. Rhizome long creeping or compact, 1–5 mm in diam., internodes can be more than 10 cm. Leaves basal and cauline, usually trifoliolate or occasionally unifoliolate; leaflets of trifoliolate leaves narrowly ovate or lanceolate, 4.6–15.3 × 2.4–7.6 cm, apex acuminate, base deeply or shallowly cordate with a narrow sinus, terminal leaflet with equal and obtuse lobes, lateral leaflets conspicuously oblique with inner lobe small and obtuse, outer lobe larger and obtuse, acute or acuminate. Unifoliolate leaves ovate, broadly ovate or lanceolate, 5.0–13.0 × 2.5–6.5 cm, apex acuminate, base deeply cordate with lobes equal and obtuse or acute. Leaves coriaceous, margin spinous-serrate, adaxially deep green, obtuse, abaxially covered with villi. Petiolule, petiole and flowering stem with multicellular glandular hairs and villi, which are densest at nodes. Flowering stems usually have 2 opposite trifoliolate leaves, sometimes with 3 whorled trifoliolate leaves, 1 unifoliolate or trifoliolate leaf, rarely with 2 opposite unifoliolate or 2 leaves (alternate or opposite) with one trifoliolate and the other unifoliolate. Inflorescence racemose or compound with 8–24(–36)-flowered, 9.6–16 cm long; inflorescence axis and pedicels glandular pubescent. Pedicel 1–3 cm long. Flowers, ca. 3 cm, pale yellow, pale purple or purple. Sepals 8 in 2 whorls; outer sepals ovate, ca. 3.5 × 2 mm, red-purple; inner sepals narrowly ovate, 8–10 × 4–6 mm, white to faintly pink. Petals spurred without lamina, pale yellow, pale purple or purple, horn-shaped, 13–20 mm long. Stamens ca. 4 mm long; anthers yellow or green, ca. 3 mm long. Follicles oblong, 12–19 mm long; style rostriform. Seeds numerous. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.118.30268.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic to Chongqing, Western of China, usually occurs in forests or thickets. The elevations ranged from 850 m to 1160 m (Fig. 4). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 0af98686c78347173aaf33dda9fb0e84; 9201ebc4c8ce9fbbd5cfb9f1cb2b0101; 96af80fcae2b0886bfe83eb066f7ac42; e6edd7c1e873084608981ac6ddfb4085; 8541b836e5ff930a56206872d5aa9c65; 760e510e500e912a6e78cfa3cd4024b2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n The variations and morphological characters of E.glandulosopilosum. A variations of flower colour B–F variations of the number and arrangement of stem-leaves G creeping and slender rhizome.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267865.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267865.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_5_p_2 phytokeys.118.30268.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Geographical variation in flower colour patterns within E.leptorrhizum (boxes), E.pauciflorum (circles), E.mikinorii (diamonds) and E.glandulosopilosum (triangle). The colour of the boxes, circles, diamonds and triangle represent flower colour. The population codes are shown in Table 1. The left area of the red dotted line is western China.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30268 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yanqin Xu, Linjian Liu, Shaoxiong Liu, Yiming He, Renqing Li, Fei Ge Xu Y, Liu L, Liu S, He Y, Li R, Ge F (2019) The taxonomic relevance of flower colour for Epimedium (Berberidaceae), with morphological and nomenclatural notes for five species from China PhytoKeys (118): 33–64 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267862.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_267862.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1_description phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nBranched herb. Stems pale green or maroon green (in life), erect or sub-erect, if with a single leaf the stem elongated, flowering at c. 10 cm tall, shortly hairy, internodes 3.5–6.5 cm long. Leaves opposite, decussate, lowermost solitary; petiole pale green, 0.5–1.5 cm long, densely and shortly hairy; lamina ovate, 3.5–5.5(–9) × 2–2.5(–6.2) cm, yellowish green to dark green above, pale green to maroon beneath, thinly leathery (when fresh) or chartaceous (when dried), shortly hairy, base slightly cordate to cuneate, sometimes unequal, margin serrate, apex acute; midrib sunken above, prominent beneath, lateral veins 5–6 pairs, sparsely hairy, intercostal veins reticulate. Inflorescence epiphyllous, crested, 1–4-flowered, flowering from petiole base; bracts absent; pedicels green to maroon, to c. 1.2 cm long, glandular hairy. Flowers: calyx pale green, lobes almost divided to the base, 3–4 × 1–2 mm, acute, narrowly lanceolate, hairy outside, glabrous inside, margin entire; corolla tube very sparsely hairy outside, cream, 5–10 mm long, slightly curved, to c. 10 mm wide at the mouth, lobes very faintly striped, spreading, purple, throat cream, glandular hairs above the anthers, translucent pale brown, glistening; stamens 2, filaments whitish, inserted 6–8 mm from the base of the corolla, c. 4 mm long, straight, glabrous; anthers yellow, free or connate, without hairs, anther-thecae divergent, 1–2 mm long, staminodes 3, pale green, inserted c. 6 mm from the base of the corolla tube, 1.5–2 mm long; nectary pale yellow or cream, forming a complete ring, less than 1 mm high; pistil pale green, c. 1 cm long, ovary 2–4 mm long, c. 1.5 mm wide at the base narrowing to 0.5 mm below the stigma, shortly hairy, style c. 4 mm long, stigma deeply 2-lobed, c. 1 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, inserted between the anthers, with fine dense papillose hairs towards the tip; ovules cream, less than 1 mm long. Capsules green to maroon, 1.5–1.8 cm long, c. 2 mm wide, slender, densely hairy; calyx persistent, pale green or sometimes maroon, hairy. Seeds yellowish cream, many in one row, broadly ovate or elliptic, slightly elongated or rounded, surface without knobs or papillae. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32186 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafidah Abdul Rahman Rahman R (2019) Microchiritahairulii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia PhytoKeys (118): 65–73 ad44b530838c2a45ef7dac58d42ea983 phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEndemic in Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia (Fig. 3). The species is restricted to karst limestone, where it grows on cliffs in crevices or soil pockets, or on a very thin soil layer at cave mouths, below the canopy or sometimes directly exposed to sunlight. It is found in very small populations. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32186 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafidah Abdul Rahman Rahman R (2019) Microchiritahairulii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia PhytoKeys (118): 65–73 ad44b530838c2a45ef7dac58d42ea983 phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Microchiritahairulii Rafidah. A Habit B mature flower, front view C flower, side view D dissected corolla tube showing five lobes and a pair of stamens and staminodes E stamens F staminodes G calyx H fruit I LS section of fruit J pistil K indumentum of stigma L indumentum of ovary M seeds, upper and lower view N leaf epidermis with indumentum (Rafidah FRI86669). Drawn by Mohamad Aidil Noordin.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32186 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafidah Abdul Rahman Rahman R (2019) Microchiritahairulii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia PhytoKeys (118): 65–73 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_268496.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_268496.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Microchiritahairulii Rafidah. A Habit B flowering and fruiting plant C flower, side view D flower, front view. Photographs A, C, D by Ong Poh Teck. Scale bar: 5 mm.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32186 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafidah Abdul Rahman Rahman R (2019) Microchiritahairulii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia PhytoKeys (118): 65–73 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_268497.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_268497.jpg 2019 phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.118.32186.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Distribution of Microchiritahairulii in Peninsular Malaysia.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32186 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Rafidah Abdul Rahman Rahman R (2019) Microchiritahairulii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia PhytoKeys (118): 65–73 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_268498.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_268498.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 5.\n Disporumkawakamii. A habit B underground part C leaf adaxial surface C’ leaf abaxial surface D inflorescence E flower F flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) G tepal outer surface G’ tepal inner surface H stamen I pistil J fruit K seeds.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33516 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Taxonomic revision of Disporum Salisb. (Colchicaceae, Uvularioideae) of Taiwan 3 119: 1–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274652.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274652.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 6.\n Disporumkawakamii. A habitat B habit C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower G flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) H tepal outer surface I tepal inner surface J stamen K pistil L fruits.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33516 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Taxonomic revision of Disporum Salisb. (Colchicaceae, Uvularioideae) of Taiwan 3 119: 1–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274653.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274653.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Disporumsessilevar.intermedium. A habit B leaf adaxial surface B’ leaf abaxial surface C flower D flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) E tepal outer surface F tepal inner surface G stamen H pistil I fruit.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33516 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Taxonomic revision of Disporum Salisb. (Colchicaceae, Uvularioideae) of Taiwan 3 119: 1–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274654.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274654.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 8.\n Disporumsessilevar.intermedium. A habitat B habit C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower G flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) H tepal outer surface I tepal inner surface J stamen K pistil.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33516 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Taxonomic revision of Disporum Salisb. (Colchicaceae, Uvularioideae) of Taiwan 3 119: 1–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274655.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274655.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_3_p_1 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 9.\n Disporumshimadae. A habit B leaf adaxial surface B’ leaf abaxial surface C inflorescence D flower E flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) F tepal outer surface F’ tepal inner surface G stamen H pistil I fruit J seeds.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33516 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Taxonomic revision of Disporum Salisb. (Colchicaceae, Uvularioideae) of Taiwan 3 119: 1–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274656.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274656.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_3_p_2 phytokeys.119.33516.sp_3 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 10.\n Disporumshimadae. A habitat B habit C leaf adaxial surface D leaf abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower G flower section (with tepals and stamen removed) H tepal outer surface I tepal inner surface J stamen K pistil L fruits.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33516 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Chao Chien-Ti, Tseng Yen-Hsueh Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T (2019) Taxonomic revision of Disporum Salisb. (Colchicaceae, Uvularioideae) of Taiwan 3 119: 1–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274657.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_274657.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1_description phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nVirgate shrub or subshrub, 0.5–2.5 m high, with slender and thin stems, young stems flexuous, with short internodes (sometimes up to 3 mm long) at the base, slightly quadrangular becoming terete; indumentum of young branches and leaves of straight, white, adpressed T-shaped hairs. Stipules 1–1.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm, narrowly triangular to falciform, pubescent. Leaves 3–6 cm long, pinnate, (5–)7–11-foliolate, sometimes 3-foliolate towards the base of the stem; petiole furrowed, 5–12 × c. 0.6 mm; rachis furrowed, quadrangular in cross section, articulated, thick black multicellular hairs (colleters) at the leaflets attachments, segments 3–7 mm long; stipels 0.1–0.5 × c. 0.2 mm, brown, thick, forming the 2 lateral apices of the rachis articles; leaflets opposite, widely obovate to orbicular, dark green above, greyish to whitish pale green below, base rounded to obtuse, apex mostly emarginate, rarely rounded, mucronate, the mucron c. 0.2 mm long, brown, margin entire, slightly revolute, secondary veins 2–5, brochidodromous, invisible adaxially, obscure to invisible abaxially; terminal leaflet 7–17 × 6–12 mm, lateral leaflets (4–)9–12 × 4–6 mm; petiolules 0.6–1.5 mm long, of the same color as the rachis. Inflorescence a 5–7 cm long raceme (6–13 cm long in fruiting state); peduncle 10–15 mm long, pubescent; bracts 1.1–8 mm long, triangular, shortly acuminate, pubescent; pedicel 2–3 × 0.2–0.25 mm. Flower 8–10 mm long; calyx 2–2.5 mm long, campanulate, asymmetrical, 5-lobed, the vexillary (upper) lobes shorter and deltoid, the carinal (lower) lobe longer and acuminate; petals white, sometimes tinged with pink, never red, standard petal c. 8–9.4 × 4.5–5 mm, elliptical or ovate, apex emarginate, pubescent outside with appressed T-shaped hairs, wing petals c. 7–7.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, slightly shorter than the keel, narrowly obovate to oblong-linear, apex rounded, keel petals 7–9 × 2–2.5 mm, narrowly obovate, spathulate, apex rounded, valvately connate along the lower margin halfway to the tip; androecium diadelphous (9 stamens fused and the vexillary one free), staminal tube 7.5–9 × c. 2 mm; ovary c. 6-ovulate, c. 5.5 mm long, sessile, glabrous, style c. 3.5 mm long, hook-shaped at apex (hook c. 1.2 mm), stigma capitate. Pod 27–38 × c. 3 mm, straight, linear, apex acuminate by 2–4 mm, indehiscent or late dehiscent; valves reddish brown in the living plants, glabrescent or with white appressed T-shaped hairs. Seeds 2–4, c. 2.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm, rectangular; testa black. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 f7090a8d37444bacafa2e88e91f1bfcc; f3c4ca51fb05764e76c3912323c06699 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIndigoferamonierana occurs in shrubby maquis vegetation or low forests on schisto-serpentine soil or ferritic soil. It is found in low altitudes on coastal formations from sea level up to about 700 m. Although it occurs in an open environment, it grows under the shadow of higher bushes (See Fig. 2). Coastal formations, especially sclerophyll forests, have greatly reduced (Bouchet et al. 1995, Jaffré et al. 2002). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 f7090a8d37444bacafa2e88e91f1bfcc; f3c4ca51fb05764e76c3912323c06699 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Indigoferamonierana sp. nov. a Flowering branch b Flower before anthesis c Calyx (open) d Standard petal e Wing petal f Keel petals g Androecium h Gynoecium i Fruits j Seeds. Drawn by Felipe Santos based on Pignal 2245.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275924.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275924.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Leaflets comparison of the two new New Caledonian species of Indigofera in and their most related species. aIndigoferamonierana (M. Pignal 2245) bI.dumbeana (B. Balansa 2807) cI.zollingeriana (B. Balansa 1222) dI.australis (C. Walter s.n.). Left: adaxial surface, right: abaxial surface. Scale bar: 1 cm.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275927.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275927.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Map of the New Caledonia archipelago showing the major vegetation types (from Jaffré et al. 2012) and the distribution of the new species Indigoferamonierana and I.dumbeana.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275925.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275925.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2_description phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nSmall tree or shrub 3‒5 m high, branches mostly plagiotropic and horizontal (Veillon 7138, P), young stems flexuous, quadrangular or terete, internodes 10‒15 mm long (but c. 5 mm long for the flexuous parts); indumentum of young branches and leaves of straight, white, adpressed T-shaped hairs. Stipules 1‒1.5 × c. 0.2 mm, narrowly triangular to falciform, pubescent. Leaves 10.5‒11.3 cm long, pinnate, 15‒19-foliolate; petiole 10‒15 mm long, furrowed, sparsely pubescent; rachis yellowish to light brown, strongly furrowed, non articulated and with thin appressed hairs, thick brown multicellular hairs (colleters) at the leaflets attachments, segments at the leaflets attachments 10‒14 mm long; stipels 0.2‒0.3 mm long, setiform, early caducous, mostly absent; leaflets opposite, secondary veins visible on both sides of the lamina, upper and lower surfaces with dense, white hairs; terminal leaflet 27‒34 × 15‒19 mm, ovate to obovate, apex rounded to slightly emarginate, mucronate, base acute, secondary veins 7‒12 pairs, lateral leaflets 20‒17 × 12‒14 mm, obovate, apex slightly emarginate, mucronate, secondary veins 6‒7 pairs, petiolules 1.2‒2 × 0.4‒1.5 mm, dark brown on dry specimens, not furrowed. Inflorescence a c. 50 mm long raceme, with more than 40 flowers; peduncle pubescent, quadrangular, c. 10 mm long; pedicel c. 1.5 × 0.2 mm. Flower c. 6.5 mm long; calyx c. 1.5 mm long, campanulate, asymmetrical, 5-lobed, the vexillary (upper) lobes shorter and shallow deltoid, the carinal (lower) lobe longer and acuminate; petals white; standard petal c. 5–6 × 4.5 mm wide, obovate, apex slightly emarginate, pubescent outside with apressed T-shaped hairs; wing petals c. 4 × 1.5 mm, slightly shorter than the keel, narrowly obovate to oblong-linear, apex rounded; keel petals 5–5.5 × 2 mm, obovate, apex rounded, valvately connate along the lower margin halfway to the tip; androecium diadelphous (9 stamens fused and the vexillary one free), staminal tube c. 6 × 1.5 mm; ovary c. 5-ovulate, c. 5 mm long, sessile, glabrous, style c. 2.5 mm long, hook-shaped at apex, stigma capitate. Pod c. 38 × 3 mm, straight, linear, apex acuminate, indehiscent; valves brown, pubescent with appressed white T-shaped hairs. Seeds 5–7, c. 3.5 × 5 mm, ellipsoid; testa black. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 f7090a8d37444bacafa2e88e91f1bfcc; f3c4ca51fb05764e76c3912323c06699 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2_distribution phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nIndigoferadumbeana grows in lowland forests, mostly in wood edges areas (fide Veillon 7138, P and Veillon 7482, P). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 f7090a8d37444bacafa2e88e91f1bfcc; f3c4ca51fb05764e76c3912323c06699 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2_p_1 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Map of the New Caledonia archipelago showing the major vegetation types (from Jaffré et al. 2012) and the distribution of the new species Indigoferamonierana and I.dumbeana.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275925.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275925.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2_p_2 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Indigoferadumbeana sp. nov. a Flowering branch b Calyx (open) c Standard petal d Wing petal e Keel petals f Gynoecium g Fruit h Seeds a–f after Balansa 2807g–h after Nothis 440. Drawn by Felipe Santos.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275926.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275926.jpg 2019 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2_p_3 phytokeys.119.32221.sp_2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Leaflets comparison of the two new New Caledonian species of Indigofera in and their most related species. aIndigoferamonierana (M. Pignal 2245) bI.dumbeana (B. Balansa 2807) cI.zollingeriana (B. Balansa 1222) dI.australis (C. Walter s.n.). Left: adaxial surface, right: abaxial surface. Scale bar: 1 cm.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32221 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Marc Pignal, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz Pignal M, Paganucci de Queiroz L (2019) The genus Indigofera (Leguminosae) in New Caledonia: two new species and a key for the species 3 119: 53–66 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275927.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_275927.jpg 2019 phytokeys.121.32588.sp_1_description phytokeys.121.32588.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennial plant with long rhizomes 3–5(7) cm, loosely tufted. Flowering culms up to 40 cm. Culms channeled and glabrous, with glabrous nodes. Extravaginal innovation leaves with short blades, similar to the cauline leaves. Leaf sheaths of cauline leaves glabrous. Old basal leaf sheaths persistent, investing the culm base. Blade of cauline leaves 9–13 cm × 2–3 mm, tapering gradually towards the apex. Ligule membranous and glabrous, short, 0.5–1 mm, apex truncated or rounded, ± lacerated. Panicle 3–4(–8) × 2–3 cm, erect, lax, contracted, with 4–8(11) spikelets, branches slender. Scale of the lower node leaf-like, c. 4 mm, glabrous. Pedicels scabrid with fine antrorse teeth. All branches and pedicels shorter than spikelets. Spikelets 16–22(–25) × 3–5 mm, with two unequal glumes and 4–5(–7) fertile florets, imbricate when young, in maturity the florets slighted separated. Lower florets bisexual, 9–11(–12) mm, oblong, scaberulous toward the apex; upper floret male or sterile, 5–6 mm, lanceolate, glabrous, similar in color and texture to the lower florets. Lower glume 1–veined, narrow, 6–7 mm. Upper glume 3-veined, 7–9 mm. Lemma glabrous, lanceolate, section slightly keeled, 9–11(–12) mm (excluding the awns), 3–5-veined. Apex of the lemma slightly emarginate (sinus approximately 0.1 mm); margin rounded. Awn short, (2.5–) 3–4 (–5) mm, up to 1/3 the lemma length, fine and straight, inserted 1–1.5 mm below the apex. Rhachilla 2–3 mm, scabrid with very fine antrorse teeth. Callus short, glabrous and rounded. Palea linear-lanceolate of similar size or slightly shorter than the lemma, 8–11 × 1–2 mm, with aculeolate keels; wings nearly as wide as the palea body, with smooth border. Lodicules 2, lanceolate to oblong, glabrous, 0.5–1.5 mm long. Stamens 3, with anthers 3.5–4.5 mm long. Caryopsis elliptic, enrolled or plicate at maturity, 7–8 mm, shorter than palea (Fig. 1). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32588 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Carmen Acedo, Félix Llamas Acedo C, Llamas F (2019) A new species of perennial Bromus (Bromeae, Poaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula 3 121: 1–12 578fd1f104b38621afd8ba0df419d0da; eca8a755e0f065a761d41d3da60312b0 phytokeys.121.32588.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.121.32588.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nBromuspicoeuropeanus is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and occurs in Spain, distributed through the Northern Mountains of the Cantabrian Range (Fig. 2). We collected it in several localities of Picos de Europa National Park, growing in dry rocky areas of limestone moving by gelifraction, and on stony areas at an altitude of 1600–2200 m. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32588 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Carmen Acedo, Félix Llamas Acedo C, Llamas F (2019) A new species of perennial Bromus (Bromeae, Poaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula 3 121: 1–12 578fd1f104b38621afd8ba0df419d0da; eca8a755e0f065a761d41d3da60312b0 phytokeys.121.32588.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.121.32588.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Bromuspicoeuropeanus. A Habit showing the developed rhizomes, the short basal leaves, and the contracted inflorescence B Spikelet with unequal glabrous glumes and five florets C Glumes D Palea in adaxial view, showing the two adaxial wings E Lemma in lateral view (drawn from the holotype) F Caryopsis in adaxial and abaxial view (drawn from LEB 121815). Drawings by Ms. Giulia Osti, 2018.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32588 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Carmen Acedo, Félix Llamas Acedo C, Llamas F (2019) A new species of perennial Bromus (Bromeae, Poaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula 3 121: 1–12 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_296226.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_296226.jpg 2019 phytokeys.121.32588.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.121.32588.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Distribution map representing all the known locations of Bromuspicoeuropeanus.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=32588 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Carmen Acedo, Félix Llamas Acedo C, Llamas F (2019) A new species of perennial Bromus (Bromeae, Poaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula 3 121: 1–12 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_296227.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_296227.jpg 2019 phytokeys.121.30254.sp_9_distribution phytokeys.121.30254.sp_9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nEurope, temperate Asia and North Africa. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30254 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Félix Llamas, Carmen Acedo Llamas F, Acedo C (2019) Typification of eight current and seven related names and a new section in the genus Bromus (Bromeae, Pooideae, Poaceae) 3 121: 53–72 eca8a755e0f065a761d41d3da60312b0; 578fd1f104b38621afd8ba0df419d0da phytokeys.121.30254.sp_10_distribution phytokeys.121.30254.sp_10 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nSouthern Europe, temperate Asia and North Africa. Etymology: Named from the Latin “penicillus”, meaning brush, referring to the morphology of the inflorescence, especially in B.rubens, the name of which provides the type. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=30254 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Félix Llamas, Carmen Acedo Llamas F, Acedo C (2019) Typification of eight current and seven related names and a new section in the genus Bromus (Bromeae, Pooideae, Poaceae) 3 121: 53–72 eca8a755e0f065a761d41d3da60312b0; 578fd1f104b38621afd8ba0df419d0da phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1_description phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTreelets or small trees, to ca. 5 m, main trunk slender. Young branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent, with short, appressed golden-brown hairs. Leaf laminas 9–13 cm long, 3.5–5 cm wide, length:width ratio 2.5–3.3, ovate to elliptic, papyraceous, glabrous and ± matt adaxially, glabrous abaxially; base obtuse to slightly cuneate; apex acute to slightly acuminate; primary vein glabrous ad- and abaxially; secondary veins 6–8 pairs per leaf, ± inconspicuous, glabrous ad- and abaxially; domatia absent; petioles 3.5–5 mm long, 1.1–1.4 mm in diameter, glabrous. Inflorescence reduced to a single flower. Flower pedicel ca. 4.5 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, pubescent. Sepals ca. 2.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, broadly ovate, pubescent abaxially. Outer petals 11.5–12.5 mm long, 7–8 mm wide, cream-coloured (turning yellowish in late-stage flowers), ovate, apex acute, margin not undulating with age, pubescent abaxially, sparsely pubescent adaxially. Inner petals ca. 9.5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide apically, ca. 2 mm wide at claw, pale pink with whitish margins and near point of apical connivance (turning yellowish in late-stage flowers), clawed-triangular, hairs non-glandular. Stamens 0.9–1 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm wide. Carpels solitary per flower, ca. 1.4 mm long; ovary ca. 0.9 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide, densely pubescent; stigma ca. 0.5 mm long, ca. 0.9 mm wide; ovules ca. 9 per carpel, in two columns. Monocarp solitary per fruit, ca. 52 mm long, ca. 32 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, smooth, without longitudinal ridge; stipe absent. Fruit pedicel ca. 6 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter. Seeds ca. 9 per monocarp, size unknown (fruiting specimen not preserved). https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=34271 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Richard M.K. Saunders, Piya Chalermglin Saunders R, Chalermglin P (2019) Mitrephoramonocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand 3 121: 73–80 905bd4645ead575566b017233804a425; 52b033da8a435c5c893d1aec8ab39870 phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nMitrephoramonocarpa is only known from the type collection cited above, from a tropical rain forest over limestone, ca. 250 m elevation. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=34271 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Richard M.K. Saunders, Piya Chalermglin Saunders R, Chalermglin P (2019) Mitrephoramonocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand 3 121: 73–80 905bd4645ead575566b017233804a425; 52b033da8a435c5c893d1aec8ab39870 phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Mitrephoramonocarpa sp. nov. (P. Chalermglin 581215). A Habit B leaves (left: adaxial; right: abaxial) C flower bud D young flower, shortly after separation of outer petals. Scale bar: 2 cm. Photos: P. Chalermglin.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=34271 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Richard M.K. Saunders, Piya Chalermglin Saunders R, Chalermglin P (2019) Mitrephoramonocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand 3 121: 73–80 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_298864.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_298864.jpg 2019 phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Mitrephoramonocarpa sp. nov. (P. Chalermglin 581215). A, B Pistillate-phase flowers C–E staminate-phase flowers (insert in D shows abscised stamens suspended by tracheary elements in the xylem) F late-stage flower, with petals turning yellow. Photos: P. Chalermglin.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=34271 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Richard M.K. Saunders, Piya Chalermglin Saunders R, Chalermglin P (2019) Mitrephoramonocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand 3 121: 73–80 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_298865.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_298865.jpg 2019 phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.121.34271.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Mitrephoramonocarpa sp. nov. (P. Chalermglin 581215). A Immature fruit, composed of a single monocarp B partially mature fruit, with the exocarp turning yellow C dissected fruit, showing multiple seeds. Scale bar: 1 cm. Photos: P. Chalermglin.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=34271 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Richard M.K. Saunders, Piya Chalermglin Saunders R, Chalermglin P (2019) Mitrephoramonocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand 3 121: 73–80 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_298866.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_298866.jpg 2019 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_1_description phytokeys.122.33002.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nShrub or tree up to ca. 4 (-10) m tall. Twigs more or less lanate or lanate-tomentose. Thorns up to ca. 8 cm long, more or less stout. Buds 2–3 (-4.2) mm long, 2–3 (-4.8) mm in diameter. Leaf blades more or less coriaceous, more or less lustrous dark green and appressed-pubescent above, pale or greyish-green and glabrous or appressed pubescent beneath, attenuate, cuneate or rounded at base, lobes obtuse, acute or cuspidate, margin entire or serrate with more or less coarse teeth; basal pair of veins divergent, straight or convergent. Subterminal leaf blades of flowering shoots (10-) 15–30 (-80) × (7-) 10–25 (-70) mm, lobes 1–2 (-4) pairs, rarely absent, basal lobes sometimes extending to midrib, each lobe entire or with (1-) 2–3 (-6) teeth in distal half, lobe length 0.5–1 (-3) times to width; petiole (2-) 4–6 (-17) mm; stipules rarely absent or 3–5 (-10) × 0.5–1 (-3) mm, entire or with 1–3 teeth. Subterminal leaf blades of short shoots (10-) 15–30 (-70) × (10-) 15–25 (-50) mm, lobes 1–2 (-4) pairs, basal pair extending to midrib, basal lobe entire or with 3 (-6) teeth in the upper half; petiole (2-) 4–8 (-28) mm long; stipules mostly undeveloped or 2–3 (-5) × 0.5–1 mm. Leaf blades of elongate shoots (15-) 20–35 (-80) × 15–25 (-70) mm, lobes 1–3 (-4) pairs, basal pair entire or 1–4 (-8) teeth at upper half; petiole 2–10 (-20) mm; stipules 4–10 (-25) × (0-) 3–5 mm, with 3–5 (-10) teeth. Inflorescence (10-) 15–20 (-45) × 15–20 (-60) mm long, corymbose, (5-) 10–20 (-25) flowered, more or less lanate or lanate-tomentose; pedicels 2–5 (-10) mm; bracts 1–4 × 0.2–0.9 mm, caducous, linear or lanceolate, margin entire or denticulate with 1–6 teeth. Flowers (5-) 10–15 mm in diameter. Hypanthium 3–6 × 3–6 mm; sepals 1.2–3.5 × 1.6–3.9 mm, usually broadly triangular, margin entire, apex more or less acute; petals 3–7 × 4–7 mm; stamens 15–20 (-22), anthers purple; styles (1-) 2–3 (4). Fruit (6-) 8–12 (-35) mm, depressed-globose, globose or slightly pyriform, yellowish-green or orange, often tinged with red, when dried, often becoming dark red; the immature fruit crowned by the persistent erect or spreading sepals, at maturity sepals re-curved; pyrenes (4-) 5–7 × 6–8 (-20) mm, dorsally sulcate, ventrally smooth, hypostyle pilose. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 900c3175552a189797ef7784b84733b4; f9fd3d733178db82c2eb465302d5d9b8 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_4_distribution phytokeys.122.33002.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Figure 3). Crataegusazarolusvar.senobaaensis is endemic to southeast Turkey and it is known from two different locations. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 900c3175552a189797ef7784b84733b4; f9fd3d733178db82c2eb465302d5d9b8 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_4_p_1 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n Crataegusazarolusvar.senobaaensis Dönmez. A View of fruiting bush in steppe habitat B leaves of short shoot C mature fruits. (A.A. Dönmez 18745). Scale bar: 1cm.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302255.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302255.jpg 2019 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_4_p_2 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Distribution of the taxa. (square)Crataegusazarolusvar.senobaaensis; (star) Crataegusmonogynavar.odemisii var. nov. (circle) Crataegusyaltirikii (Near East topographic map-blank.svg).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302257.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302257.jpg 2019 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_5_distribution phytokeys.122.33002.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Figure 3). Crataegusyaltirikii is a species native to Turkey where it is known from two locations namely Şırnak and Mersin which are far from each other, nearly 400 km distant. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 900c3175552a189797ef7784b84733b4; f9fd3d733178db82c2eb465302d5d9b8 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_5_p_1 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_5 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Distribution of the taxa. (square)Crataegusazarolusvar.senobaaensis; (star) Crataegusmonogynavar.odemisii var. nov. (circle) Crataegusyaltirikii (Near East topographic map-blank.svg).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302257.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302257.jpg 2019 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_6_description phytokeys.122.33002.sp_6 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nTrees or shrubs up to 10 m. Twigs glabrous rarely villose. Thorny or thornless, thorns up to 25 (-70) mm. Buds 1.1–2.8 × 1.1–2.5 mm. Leaves ±coriaceous, ±greyish below, glabrous to villose or villose on veins beneath, attenuate to widely cuneate at base, lobes obtuse to acute, entire to incised serrate at margin. Subterminal leaf blades of flowering shoots 10–35 (-57) × 8–30 (-60) mm, lobes (0-) 1–2 (-3) pairs, basal sinuses close to midvein, angles of basal vein at or wider than 45°, rarely narrower, basal lobes entire or with 2–4 (-9) serrate teeth in distal 1/2 to 3/4, petiole (1-) 5–15 (-30) mm; stipules (1-) 3–10 (-16) × 0.2–0.4 mm, entire or irregularly glandular serrate with 1–5 (-8) teeth. Subterminal leaf blades of short shoots (10-) 15–35 (-57) × (8-) 15–30 (-55) mm, lobes (0-) 1–2 (-3) pairs, basal sinuses reach to half lamina or close to midvein, lobes entire or with (2-) 4–8 (-14) teeth in the distal 1/3 to 1/8, petiole 5–15 (-45) mm, stipules undeveloped or (1-) 2–3 mm, entire or with 2–4 teeth. Middle leaf blades of elongate shoots 20–40 (-60) × 20–40 (-65) mm, 2–3 (-4) pairs, basal lobes with (0-) 3–5 (-16) teeth in distal 1/4 to 1/8, petiole (6-) 10–20 (-25) mm; stipules (4-) 8–15 (-20) × 2–4 (-8) mm, entire or irregularly serrate with 2–10 (-35) teeth. Inflorescence (10-) 15–35 (-50) × 15–45 mm, corymbose, lax, (5-) 8–15 (-20) flowered, glabrous to villose, pedicels 4–10 (-32) mm, bracts 0.5–8 (-10) × 0.1–0.5 mm, deciduous, linear-lanceolate, entire or denticulate with 1–4 teeth. Flowers (5-) 8–12 mm in diameter; hypanthium 2–4 × 2–3 mm; sepals 1.2–4 × 1.2–2.6 mm, widely triangular margin entire, acute or obtuse; petals (3-) 4–5 (-7) × 4–6 (-7) mm; stamens (15-) 18–20, anthers maroon; styles 1. Fruit 5–11 × 4–7 (-10) mm, globose to cylindrical, red to dark red, rarely orange, glabrous or sparsely villose, flesh yellowish, juicy to mealy, sepals recurved at maturity; pyrenes 4–6 (-9) × 3–5 (-8) mm, 1 (-2), dorsally and ventro-laterally entire or striate, hypostyle glabrous. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 900c3175552a189797ef7784b84733b4; f9fd3d733178db82c2eb465302d5d9b8 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_7_distribution phytokeys.122.33002.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \n(Figure 3). Crataegusmonogynavar.odemisii is endemic to İzmir; it has a narrow distribution at Gölcük. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 900c3175552a189797ef7784b84733b4; f9fd3d733178db82c2eb465302d5d9b8 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_7_p_1 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Crataegusmonogynavar.odemisii Dönmez & Özderin var. nov. A View of flowering individual in habitat B flowers C mature fruit D1 leaf of fertile shoot D2 leaf of short shoot. (A–BS.Özderin s.n.C–DA.A.Dönmez 20263-S.Özderin). Scale bar: 1cm.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302256.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302256.jpg 2019 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_7_p_2 phytokeys.122.33002.sp_7 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Distribution of the taxa. (square)Crataegusazarolusvar.senobaaensis; (star) Crataegusmonogynavar.odemisii var. nov. (circle) Crataegusyaltirikii (Near East topographic map-blank.svg).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33002 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ali A. Dönmez, Sevgin Özderin Dönmez A, Özderin S (2019) Additional contributions to taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of the Turkish Crataegus (Rosaceae) taxa 3 122: 1–13 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302257.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_302257.jpg 2019 phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1_description phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription Description \nPerennial herbs, 10–14 cm tall (including inflorescence). Stems 2–5 cm long, slightly obtusely 4-sided, sometimes branched, villous with multiseriate hairs. Petiole 3–16 cm long, densely villous with multiseriate hairs; leaf blade ovate-oblong to ovate-orbicular, 6–16.5 × 4.5–13 cm, papery, adaxially green to dark green, abaxially pale green or sometimes purplish-red, villous with multiseriate hairs on veins, both surfaces inconspicuously pubescent with very short, appressed uniseriate hairs, secondary veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein, base cordate, margin sparsely and shallowly dentate with each tooth having a terminal seta when young but caducous at maturity, apex short acute, obtuse or retuse. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, umbellate, 5–13-flowered; peduncle 9–14 cm long, sometimes white maculate, bearing several multiseriate hairs at nodes, otherwise glabrous; bracts caducous, oblong, 1–3 cm long, one pair (rarely two) in middle or lower part and another two pairs enclosing the flowers. Pedicels 4–10 mm long, glabrous. Hypanthium funnel-shaped, ca. 10 mm long, obtusely 4-sided, glabrous. Calyx lobes narrowly triangular-ovate, 2–5 × 1–2 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse or acute, caducous. Petals pink, obovate, ca. 16 × 8 mm, oblique. Longer stamens pink; filaments ca. 9 mm; anthers ca. 13 mm long, linear, curved, base lengthened into a forked, curved spur, connective bulging basally. Shorter stamens yellowish; filaments ca. 6 mm long; anthers oblong, 3–4 mm long, base obtusely forked, connective base slightly bulging. Ovary obovate, apex with a membranous ciliate, 4-lobed crown. Capsule funnelform-campanulate, ca. 6 mm in diam., apex 4-lobed, crown not exserted from calyx; hypanthium exceeding capsule, glabrous. Seeds numerous. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=35260 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jin-Hong Dai, Qiu-Jie Zhou, Zhi-Yong Yu, Ren-Chao Zhou, Ying Liu Dai J, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Zhou R, Liu Y (2019) A new species of Fordiophyton (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Yunnan, China 3 122: 15–28 34051ec6ea360b9806a9836daf71b0e9; 5cff957f5e5c33b90099f03e1709f4b0; c277559e1c10ae6e3f29f65a3b4dff99; a80add2ac2dadec6b28d7f1a32e546a0; 2ae014e357bf0f97737849baba6765f5 phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nFordiophytonjinpingense is currently known only from Jinping County, south-eastern Yunnan, China (Fig. 7). It occurs in dense or open forests, often in damp, shaded, but well drained places, such as on steep slopes, at 900–1900 m alt. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=35260 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jin-Hong Dai, Qiu-Jie Zhou, Zhi-Yong Yu, Ren-Chao Zhou, Ying Liu Dai J, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Zhou R, Liu Y (2019) A new species of Fordiophyton (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Yunnan, China 3 122: 15–28 34051ec6ea360b9806a9836daf71b0e9; 5cff957f5e5c33b90099f03e1709f4b0; c277559e1c10ae6e3f29f65a3b4dff99; a80add2ac2dadec6b28d7f1a32e546a0; 2ae014e357bf0f97737849baba6765f5 phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n Fordiophytonjinpingense, all from Y. Liu 728 (SYS, A). A Habitat B a flowering individual C adaxial leaf surface D abaxial leaf surface E petiole villous with multiseriate hairs F young inflorescence G young inflorescence dissected showing the position and morphology of bracts. Scale bar: 2 cm (G).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=35260 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jin-Hong Dai, Qiu-Jie Zhou, Zhi-Yong Yu, Ren-Chao Zhou, Ying Liu Dai J, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Zhou R, Liu Y (2019) A new species of Fordiophyton (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Yunnan, China 3 122: 15–28 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_304927.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_304927.jpg 2019 phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Detail of inflorescence, flower, stamens, ovary and fruit of Fordiophytonjinpingense, all from Y. Liu 728 (SYS, A). A Mature inflorescence B side view of a flower C top view of a flower D longitudinal section of a flower showing dimorphic stamens and ovary crown E anther morphology in detail F transection of ovary at young fruit stage, showing the very short-stalked, nearly sessile placenta G young fruit showing the crown not exserted from hypanthium. Scale bars: 5 mm (D–F).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=35260 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jin-Hong Dai, Qiu-Jie Zhou, Zhi-Yong Yu, Ren-Chao Zhou, Ying Liu Dai J, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Zhou R, Liu Y (2019) A new species of Fordiophyton (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Yunnan, China 3 122: 15–28 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_304928.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_304928.jpg 2019 phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.122.35260.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 7.\n Distribution of Fordiophytonjinpingense.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=35260 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Jin-Hong Dai, Qiu-Jie Zhou, Zhi-Yong Yu, Ren-Chao Zhou, Ying Liu Dai J, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Zhou R, Liu Y (2019) A new species of Fordiophyton (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Yunnan, China 3 122: 15–28 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_304932.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_304932.jpg 2019 phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1_distribution phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distribution \nJusticiathailandica is only known from Thailand (Fig. 4). It grows in the thickets on the limestone hills or evergreen forest at elevations of 400−900 m. https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33745 en Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yi Tong, Yunfei Deng Tong Y, Deng Y (2019) Justiciathailandica, a new species of Acanthaceae from Thailand 3 124: 11–22 d03f08ce3fd45e23a3740b02c30346a0; d75104fb7b83c2858f3f85845fa4fae0 phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1_p_1 phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 1.\n JusticiathailandicaA habit B magnifying the portion of leaf blades showing the tomentum C adaxil surface of inflorescence bract D abaxil surface of inflorescence bract E bract F bracteoles G calyx H corolla I dorsal view of the anther J frontal view of the anthers K pistil with nectary disc L, M opened capsule N capsule with calyx O seed. (Drawn by Cui Dinghan from the holotype van Beusekom et al. 3759).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33745 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yi Tong, Yunfei Deng Tong Y, Deng Y (2019) Justiciathailandica, a new species of Acanthaceae from Thailand 3 124: 11–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_307315.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_307315.jpg 2019 phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1_p_2 phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 2.\n JusticiathailandicaA adaxial surface of inflorescence bract B abaxial surface of inflorescence bract C bract D bracteoles E stigma F pistil with nectary disc G calyx H dorsal view of anther I frontal view of anther J opened capsule K outside of capsule L inside of capsule showing retinacula M seed.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33745 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yi Tong, Yunfei Deng Tong Y, Deng Y (2019) Justiciathailandica, a new species of Acanthaceae from Thailand 3 124: 11–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_307316.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_307316.jpg 2019 phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1_p_3 phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 4.\n Distribution map of Justiciathailandica (black circle).\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33745 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yi Tong, Yunfei Deng Tong Y, Deng Y (2019) Justiciathailandica, a new species of Acanthaceae from Thailand 3 124: 11–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_307318.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_307318.jpg 2019 phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1_p_4 phytokeys.124.33745.sp_1 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Figure 3.\n Pollen and seed morphology of Justiciathailandica under SEM A pollen grain in equatorial view B exine ornamentation of pollen grain C seed D seed testa.\n https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=33745 Expert users http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Yi Tong, Yunfei Deng Tong Y, Deng Y (2019) Justiciathailandica, a new species of Acanthaceae from Thailand 3 124: 11–22 https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_307317.jpg https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/showimg.php?filename=oo_307317.jpg 2019